From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A bride in an elaborate wedding dress, US, 1929.
A bride is a woman who is about to be married or who is a newlywed.
When marrying, if the bride’s future spouse is a man, he is usually referred to as the bridegroom or just groom. In Western culture, a bride may be attended by a maid, bridesman and one or more bridesmaids.
The word «bride» has its roots in the Old English word «bryd,» which is shared with other Germanic languages. In Western countries, brides typically wear white wedding dresses, a tradition started by Queen Victoria. The white dress was once considered a symbol of luxury due to the difficulties in laundering delicate white clothing. Today, Western brides may wear white, cream, or ivory dresses, regardless of their number of marriages.
In non-Western countries, brides often wear national dress, with white wedding dresses being uncommon in Asian cultures as it symbolizes mourning and death. Red, on the other hand, represents vibrancy and health and is commonly worn by brides in many Asian cultures. Brides may also wear multiple outfits, as seen in some traditions in Japan, India, and parts of the Arab world.
Bridal jewelry holds cultural significance, such as wedding rings in Western cultures, chura (red and white bangles) in Punjabi Sikh culture, and mangalsutra in Hindu culture. Brides often wear veils and carry bouquets, prayer books, or other tokens. Wedding traditions have evolved over time, including the cake-eating and the bride-cup, both of which had symbolic meanings.
In Christianity, the term «Bride of Christ» typically refers to the Church, spiritually betrothed to Jesus Christ. The interpretation of this term varies among different denominations.
Etymology[edit]
«brȳd,» an Old Anglo-Saxon word
The word comes from the Old English ‘bryd‘, a word shared with other Germanic languages.[1] Its further origin is unknown.[2]
Attire[edit]
In the early 20th century, sometimes even later as here in 1926, it was not uncommon to see a bride wearing a darker-colored dress.
The woman to the far right is wearing a typical wedding dress from 1929. Up until the late 1930s, wedding dresses reflected the styles of the day. From that time onward, wedding dresses have been based on Victorian ballgowns.
In Europe and North America, the typical attire for a bride is a formal dress, and a veil. Usually, in the «white wedding» model, the bride’s dress is bought specifically for the wedding, and is not in a style that could be worn for any subsequent events. Previously, until at least the middle of the 19th century, the bride generally wore her best dress, whatever color it was, or if the bride was well-off, she ordered a new dress in her favorite color and expected to wear it again.[3]
For first marriages in Western countries, a white wedding dress is usually worn,[4] a tradition started by Queen Victoria, who wore a white court dress for her wedding.[5] Through the earlier parts of the 20th century, Western etiquette prescribed that a white dress should not be worn for subsequent marriages, since the wearing of white was mistakenly regarded by some as an ancient symbol of virginity, despite the fact that wearing white is a fairly recent development in wedding traditions, and its origin has more to do with conspicuous consumption from an era when a white dress was luxurious, even prodigal, because of difficulties with laundering delicate clothes.[6][7] Today, Western brides frequently wear white, cream, or ivory dresses for any number of marriages; the color of the dress is not a comment on the bride’s sexual history.
Outside of Western countries, brides most commonly wear national dress. White wedding dresses are particularly uncommon in Asian traditions, because white is the color of mourning and death in those cultures. In many Asian cultures, red is usual for brides, as this colour indicates vibrance and health and has over time been associated with brides. However, in modern times other colours may be worn, or Western styles preferred. Regardless of colour in most Asian cultures bridal clothes are highly decorative, often covered with embroidery, beading or gold. In some traditions brides may wear more than one outfit; this is true, for example, in Japan,[citation needed] parts of India, and, archaically, in parts of the Arab world.
Particular styles of jewelry are often associated with bridal wear; for example wedding rings in most Western cultures, or chura (red and white bangles) in Punjabi Sikh culture. Hindu brides are presented with a mangalsutra during the wedding ceremony, which has much of the same significance as a wedding ring in other parts of the world. Wedding jewelry has traditionally been used to demonstrate the value of the bride’s dowry.
In addition to the gown, brides often wear a veil and carry a bouquet of flowers, a small heirloom such as a lucky coin, a prayer book, or other token. In Western countries, a bride may wear «something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue»; a bridal purse (or money bag) is also common.[8]
History[edit]
The term bride appears in combination with many words, some of which are obsolete. Thus, «bridegroom» is a newly married man, and «bride-bell,» «bride-banquet» are old equivalents of wedding-bells, wedding-breakfast. «Bridal» (from Bride-ale), originally the wedding-feast itself, has grown into a general descriptive adjective, the bridal ceremony. The bride-cake had its origin in the Roman confarreatio, an upper-class form of marriage, the essential features of whose ceremony were the eating by the couple of a cake made of salt, water and spelt flour, and the holding by the bride of three wheat-ears, a symbol of plenty.
The cake-eating went out of fashion, but the wheat ears survived.[9] In the Middle Ages, they were either worn or carried by the bride. Eventually it became the custom for the young girls to assemble outside the church porch and throw grains of wheat over the bride, and afterwards a scramble for the grains took place. In time the wheat-grains came to be cooked into thin dry biscuits, which were broken over the bride’s head, as is the custom in Scotland today, an oatmeal cake being used. In Elizabeth I’s reign these biscuits began to take the form of small rectangular cakes made of eggs, milk, sugar, currants and spices. Every wedding guest had one at least, and the whole collection were thrown at the bride the instant she crossed the threshold. Those that lighted on her head or shoulders were most prized by the scramblers. At last these cakes became amalgamated into a large one that took on its full glories of almond paste and ornaments during Charles II’s time. But even today in rural parishes, e.g. north Notts, wheat is thrown over the bridal couple with the cry «Bread for life and pudding for ever,» expressive of a wish that the newly wed may be always affluent. The throwing of rice, a very ancient custom but one later than the wheat, is symbolical of the wish that the bridal may be fruitful.[10][11]
The bride-cup was the bowl or loving cup in which the bridegroom pledged the bride, and she him.[9] The custom of breaking this wine-cup, after the bridal couple had drained its contents, is common to both the Greek Christians and members of the Jewish faith. It is thrown against a wall or trodden under foot. The phrase «bride-cup» was also sometimes used of the bowl of spiced wine prepared at night for the bridal couple. Bride-favours, anciently called bride-lace, were at first pieces of gold, silk or other lace, used to bind up the sprigs of rosemary formerly worn at weddings. These took later the form of bunches of ribbons, which were at last metamorphosed into rosettes.
The bride-wain, the wagon in which the bride was driven to her new home, gave its name to the weddings of any poor deserving couple, who drove a «wain» round the village, collecting small sums of money or articles of furniture towards their housekeeping.[9] These were called bidding-weddings, or bid-ales, which were in the nature of «benefit» feasts. So general is still the custom of «bidding-weddings» in Wales, that printers usually keep the form of invitation in type. Sometimes as many as six hundred couples will walk in the bridal procession.
The bride’s wreath is a Christian substitute for the gilt coronet all Jewish brides wore.[9] The crowning of the bride is still observed by the Russians, and the Calvinists of Holland and Switzerland. The wearing of orange blossoms is said to have started with the Saracens, who regarded them as emblems of fecundity. It was introduced into Europe by the Crusaders. The bride’s veil is the modern form of the flammeum or large yellow veil that completely enveloped the Greek and Roman brides during the ceremony. Such a covering is still in use among the Jews and the Persians.[12][13]
The «bride’s crate» was the bride’s container to gather all the things for the wedding in Hungary. Once all the underwear and clothes were finished, the girl was ready for marriage.
Religion[edit]
Christianity[edit]
In Christianity, bride, the Lamb’s wife, or the Bride of Christ, is a term that generally describes the Church (followers of Christ) spiritually betrothed to Jesus Christ. The term is found in related verses in the Bible that describe a woman, in the Gospels, the Book of Revelation, the Epistles and related verses in the Old Testament. Sometimes, the Bride is implied by calling Jesus a bridegroom to the Church. For over 1500 years, the Church was identified as the bride betrothed to Christ. However, there are instances of the interpretation of the usage of varying from church to church. Most believe that it always refers to the church. In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the bride must always wear a white dress when getting married in the church temple, and nothing but white is allowed.[14]
Examples of bridal garments[edit]
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Bride and groom in traditional highlander Podhale costume, Poland
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19th-century American bride, in a dark dress.
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Armenian wedding, bride and groom
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brides.
- ^ «Bride». Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ «bride, n.1», Oxford English Dictionary Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 2022-12-20
- ^ Monger, George (2004). Marriage customs of the world: from henna to honeymoons. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 107–108. ISBN 1-57607-987-2.
- ^ «5 special occasions when you should wear white». Deseret News. Dec 2, 2018. Archived from the original on Dec 2, 2022.
- ^ «Why Do Brides Wear White?». Britannica. Archived from the original on Sep 6, 2021. Retrieved Sep 7, 2021.
- ^ Maura Banim; Ali Guy; Green, Eileen (2003). Through the Wardrobe: Women’s Relationship with Their Clothes (Dress, Body, Culture). Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers. pp. 61–62. ISBN 1-85973-388-3.
- ^ Martin, Judith (2005). Miss Manners’ Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior, Freshly Updated. Kamen, Gloria. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 408–411. ISBN 0-393-05874-3.
- ^ A Brief History of the Wedding Purse Archived 2010-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Brides’ Village, retrieved 28 March 2010
- ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). «Bride» . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ (Monger 2004, pp. 49–52)
- ^ (Monger 2004, p. 232)
- ^ Brand, Antiquities of Great Britain (Hazlitt’s ed., 1905)
- ^ Rev J. Edward Vaux, Church Folklore (1894)
- ^ «Temple Bridal Dress Guidelines». The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Jun 1, 1997. Archived from the original on Aug 15, 2022.
: a woman just married or about to be married
Example Sentences
Recent Examples on the Web
There are brides who dread aisles, birthday honorees who dread their own parties, sufferers who conceal their pain for fear of mobilizing a help army, patients who deflect bedside displays of concern.
—
Carolyn Hax, Washington Post, 3 Apr. 2023
In one scene, a bride (Alba Faivre) and groom (Nicolas Lourdelle) take turns sitting in a chair to speak to a therapist who is concealed behind a wall of smoke.
—Terry Byrne, BostonGlobe.com, 1 Apr. 2023
Originally owned by Lady Florence Poltimore, the Garrard piece was purchased for the bride at auction in 1959.
—Nicole Briese, Peoplemag, 31 Mar. 2023
The finale then shocked audiences after being left on several cliffhangers, including Kate’s cancer diagnosis, Tully moving and a huge flash-forward showing Kate’s ex-husband, Johnny Ryan (Ben Lawson), dressed up on his wedding day, but with Tully as his bride, not Kate.
—Carly Thomas, The Hollywood Reporter, 27 Mar. 2023
Here comes the bride, all dressed in white…suddenly has new meaning.
—Maureen Lee Lenker, EW.com, 24 Mar. 2023
By 1940, 10% of brides received diamond rings.
—Naomi Cahn, Fortune, 22 Mar. 2023
The president should not be a national mayor: the bride at every wedding, the corpse at every funeral.
—Jay Nordlinger, National Review, 2 Mar. 2023
The wedding had it all: beautiful roses, a stunning bride, an intimate setting, and even a rom-com-ready redemption story.
—Louis Staples, Rolling Stone, 22 Feb. 2023
See More
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘bride.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
Etymology
Middle English, from Old English brȳd; akin to Old High German brūt bride
First Known Use
before the 12th century, in the meaning defined above
Time Traveler
The first known use of bride was
before the 12th century
Dictionary Entries Near bride
Cite this Entry
“Bride.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bride. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.
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Merriam-Webster unabridged
Английский[править]
Морфологические и синтаксические свойства[править]
| ед. ч. | мн. ч. |
|---|---|
| bride | brides |
bride
Существительное.
Произношение[править]
- МФА (Великобритания): ед. ч. [bɹʌɪd], мн. ч. []
- МФА (США): ед. ч. [bɻaɪd] мн. ч. []
Семантические свойства[править]
Значение[править]
- невеста ◆ A bride takes a husband — Невеста соглашается выйти замуж за кого-л
- новобрачная ◆ Future bride — Будущая жена
Синонимы[править]
- fiancée
Антонимы[править]
Гиперонимы[править]
Гипонимы[править]
Родственные слова[править]
| Ближайшее родство | |
|
Этимология[править]
От прагерм. формы *bruthiz, от которой в числе прочего произошли: др.-англ. bryd и англ. bride, др.-фризск. breid, др.-сканд. brúðr, датск., норв., шведск., brud, исл. brúður, нидерл. bruid, др.-в.-нем. brut и нем. Braut, готск. 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌸𐍃 (brūþs). Дальнейшая этимология неясна; родственных слов вне герм. языков не обнаружено. Использованы материалы Online Etymology Dictionary Дугласа Харпера. См. Список литературы.
Фразеологизмы и устойчивые сочетания[править]
- the Bride of the Sea
- mail-order bride
Французский[править]
Морфологические и синтаксические свойства[править]
| ед. ч. | мн. ч. |
|---|---|
| bride | brides |
bride
Существительное, женский род.
Произношение[править]
- МФА: [bʁid]
Семантические свойства[править]
Значение[править]
- узда, повод ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- завязка (головного убора) ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- соединительная нить; обмётка (вокруг пуговицы и т. п.); последний стежок (для закрепления), закрепа (у шва), стяжка ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- техн. скоба; стяжка; хомутик ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- фланец ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- мед. сращение, спайка, тяж ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
- замок, цепь ◆ Отсутствует пример употребления (см. рекомендации).
Синонимы[править]
Антонимы[править]
Гиперонимы[править]
Гипонимы[править]
Родственные слова[править]
Этимология[править]
невеста, новобрачная
существительное ↓
- невеста
- новобрачная, молодая
the Bride of the Sea — «Невеста моря» (Венеция) 
- паутинка, соединяющая узоры кружева
- шляпная резинка
Мои примеры
Словосочетания
back in the days when a bride who was visibly enceinte was a cause for family embarrassment — в те прошлые времена, когда невеста, идущая под венец явно беременной, была позором для семьи
a conventional church wedding with the bride in traditional white — обычное церковное венчание с невестой в традиционном белом наряде
one’s intended bride — наречённая
to take a bride — выбрать невесту
a bride takes a husband — невеста соглашается выйти замуж за кого-л.
future bride — будущая жена
war bride — фронтовая жена
to lead (a bride) to the altar, to church — вести (невесту) к алтарю, жениться
portionless bride — невеста без приданого
yearling bride — год как замужем
mail-order bride — неодобр. невеста по каталогу (брачного агентства, обычно из бедной страны)
bride elect — нареченная невеста (после помолвки)
Примеры с переводом
I give you the bride and groom!
Я предлагаю выпить за жениха и невесту!
The bride danced with her father.
Невеста потанцевала со своим отцом.
The bride and groom exchanged vows.
Жених и невеста обменялись брачными обетами.
Sam was head over heels in love with his new bride.
Сэм был по уши влюблен в свою невесту.
I’d like to propose a toast (=ask people to drink a toast) to the bride and groom.
Я хотел бы предложить тост (т.е. попросить людей выпить) за жениха и невесту.
He and his bride boarded the train, and the conductor announced: «All aboard!»
Он со своей невестой сел в поезд, и кондуктор объявил, что посадка окончена.
The bride’s family were scheming to prevent a wedding.
Родственники невесты плели интриги, чтобы расстроить свадьбу.
ещё 23 примера свернуть
Примеры, ожидающие перевода
The bride wore a veil with a beaded headpiece. 
The bride remains in purdah until the wedding.
A thin veneer of politeness hid Lady Bride’s growing anger.
Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке ☰, напротив примера.
Возможные однокоренные слова
bridal — свадебный, свадьба, свадебный пир
Формы слова
noun
ед. ч.(singular): bride
мн. ч.(plural): brides
-
1
bride
неве́ста; новобра́чная
◊
the B. of the Sea «неве́ста мо́ря», Вене́ция
Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > bride
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2
bride-to-be
bride-to-be noun; pl. brides-to-be невеста
Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > bride-to-be
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3
bride
Персональный Сократ > bride
-
4
bride
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > bride
-
5
bride
Англо-русский современный словарь > bride
-
6
bride
[braɪd]
bride невеста; новобрачная; the Bride of the Sea «невеста моря», Венеция GI: bride (сокр. от government issue) амер. солдат; bride разг. невеста или жена американского солдата из другой страны bride невеста; новобрачная; the Bride of the Sea «невеста моря», Венеция
English-Russian short dictionary > bride
-
7
bride
[braɪd]
n
невеста, новобрачная
— one’s intended bride
— bride and bridegroom
— take a bride
— bride takes a husbandEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > bride
-
8
bride
1. n невеста
2. n новобрачная, молодая
3. n паутинка, соединяющая узоры кружева
4. n шляпная резинка
English-Russian base dictionary > bride
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9
bride
English-Russian big medical dictionary > bride
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10
bride — to — be
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bride — to — be
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11
bride
Англо-русский синонимический словарь > bride
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12
bride-to-be
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > bride-to-be
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13
bride
I
[braıd]1) невеста
2) новобрачная, молодая
the Bride of the Sea — «Невеста моря» ()
II
[braıd]1. паутинка, соединяющая узоры кружева
2. шляпная резинка
НБАРС > bride
-
14
bride
noun
невеста; новобрачная
the Bride of the Sea ‘невеста моря’, Венеция
* * *
(n) невеста; новобрачн
* * *
невеста, новобрачная
* * *
[ braɪd]
новобрачная, невеста* * *
нареченная
невеста
суженая
* * *
невеста
Новый англо-русский словарь > bride
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15
bride-to-be
Англо-русский современный словарь > bride-to-be
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16
bride
Large English-Russian phrasebook > bride
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17
bride
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bride
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18
bride-to-be
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bride-to-be
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19
bride
[braɪd]
невеста; новобрачная
Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > bride
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20
bride-to-be
Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > bride-to-be
Страницы
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См. также в других словарях:
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bride — [ brid ] n. f. • XIIIe; moy. haut all. brîdel « rêne » 1 ♦ Pièce du harnais fixée à la tête du cheval pour le diriger, le conduire. ⇒ bridon. Parties de la bride : frontail, montant, mors, œillère, sous gorge, têtière. ♢ Loc. Tenir son cheval en… … Encyclopédie Universelle
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bridé — bride [ brid ] n. f. • XIIIe; moy. haut all. brîdel « rêne » 1 ♦ Pièce du harnais fixée à la tête du cheval pour le diriger, le conduire. ⇒ bridon. Parties de la bride : frontail, montant, mors, œillère, sous gorge, têtière. ♢ Loc. Tenir son… … Encyclopédie Universelle
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bride — BRIDE. s. f. La partie du harnois d un cheval, qui sert à le conduire, et qui est composée de la têtière, des rênes et du mors. Mettre la bride à un cheval. Lui tenir la bride haute. Lui tenir la bride courte. Rendre la bride. Lâcher la bride à… … Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française 1798
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bride — BRIDE. s. f. Frein, ce qui sert à gouverner un cheval. Le mors, les resnes & la testiere de la bride. mettre la bride à un cheval. tenir la bride haute. tirer la bride. serrer, lascher la bride. mettre, abbattre la bride sur le cou. courir à… … Dictionnaire de l’Académie française
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bride — Bride, Une bride ou la resne d une bride, Habena, Fraenum, pars pro toto. Une sorte de bride, Camus. Une bride de chappeau, Spira. La frontiere d une bride, Frontale. A bride abbatuë, ou avallée, Permissis equo habenis, Cursu infraeno,… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
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bride — bride·groom; bride·less; bride·man; bride; bride·well; de·bride; de·bride·ment; … English syllables
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Bride — (br[imac]d), n. [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br[=y]d; akin to OFries. breid, OSax. br[=u]d, D. bruid, OHG. pr[=u]t, br[=u]t, G. braut, Icel. br[=u][eth]r, Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br[=u][thorn]s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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bridé — Bridé, [brid]ée. part. Il a les significations de son verbe. Cheval sellé & bridé. On appelle par derision, Oison bridé, Un jeune homme niais & sot. C est un oison bridé. il est sot comme un oison bridé … Dictionnaire de l’Académie française
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bridé — bridé, ée (bri dé, dée) part. passé. 1° Cheval sellé et bridé. 2° Fig. Retenu, contenu. • Bridé entre les menaces de la société et son inclination naturelle, SÉV. 449. • Il a l imagination tellement bridée, que je crois…., SÉV. 37.… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d’Émile Littré
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Bride — Bride, v. t. To make a bride of. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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bride — O.E. bryd bride, betrothed or newly married woman, from P.Gmc. *bruthiz woman being married (Cf. O.Fris. breid, Du. bruid, O.H.G. brut, Ger. Braut bride ). Gothic cognate bruþs, however, meant daughter in law, and the form of the word borrowed… … Etymology dictionary