Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition

Match the vocabulary word and its correct definition. 1. Force 2. Gravity 3. Mass 4. Weight 5. Friction 6. Law of Universal Gravitation a. b. c. d. e. f. Force that resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching Gravitational force exerted on an object Attractive force that exist between all objects that have mass Push or pull on an object Amount of matter in an object All objects are attracted to each other by a gravitational force

Add these Vocabulary words to look up and learn: • Unbalanced force • Balanced force • Net force

There are many different forces which act on objects such as gravity and friction

Forces occur in pairs and they can be either balanced or unbalanced

Forces § If forces are balanced the object doesn’t move § If forces are unbalanced the object will do one of the following things: § Begin to move § Stop moving § Change direction § Speed up § Slow down

Balanced Forces When two forces acting on an object are equal in size, but are opposite in direction, we say the forces are balanced. Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion.

Balanced Forces

Force Diagrams

Balanced Forces The ship is floating on the water, the forces are balanced. Which forces are acting on the ship? Water’s Gravity upward force Because Gravity’s force [down] and the water’s force [up] are equal the ship stays afloat.

Balanced Forces The vase is resting on the table. It is not moving, therefore the forces must be balanced. Which forces are acting on the vase? Gravity Table’s Upward Force Have a look around the classroom and name some of the balanced forces in action on different objects.

Unbalanced Forces When two forces are acting on an object and are not equal in size, we say the forces are unbalanced. Unbalanced forces cause a change in motion by changing the object’s speed or direction.

Unbalanced Forces Air resistance is pushing upwards The man and the parachute are slowly falling to the ground. Which forces are acting on the parachute? Which force is bigger? How can you tell? Gravity is pulling the man to the ground Gravity is the bigger force. We can tell this because the direction of movement of the man and the parachute is the same as the direction of the force of gravity.

Unbalanced Forces Air resistance is pushing upwards The same forces are acting on the elephant, but without a parachute there is much less air resistance. Gravity is pulling to the ground Gravity is a much bigger force. Because there is a bigger difference between the force pulling downwards and the force pushing upwards, the elephant falls much more quickly than a man with a parachute.

Forces Each team is exerting a force – what happens if the pulling force produced by each team is equal? What would happen if the team on the left were able to produce a bigger pulling force than the team on the right?

Unbalanced Forces Based on the forces shown: Which arm wrestler will likely win? Which direction will both arms move?

Unbalanced Forces 4 N, left 10 N, right Which direction will the rope move?

Unbalanced Forces Which direction will the ball roll?

Look at the diagram below. Both women are wearing ice skates on an ice rink. If both women push off from one another, which woman will most likely move the furthest? Why? Julie will move the furthest because Jennifer’s push will most likely have more force Jennifer weighs 175 pounds Julie weighs 130 pounds

Types of Forces 1. Contact force: created between two touching objects (holding a pencil, hugging someone, etc) 2. Gravity: force of attraction between two objects, Earth’s gravity pulls on all objects 3. Friction: a force that resists motion between two surfaces that are pressed together

Force is measured by : • Newton (N) • 1 newton = accelerating a 1 kg object at 1 m/s each second • 1 pound = 4. 448 newtons

Combining forces • Usually, more than one force is exerted on an object at the same time. • The sum of all forces acting on an object is called the net force. • You need to look at the net force in order to figure out if or how an object will move.

Balanced Forces • Net force = zero • No change in motion • (object is not moving) • List 3 examples of balanced forces: • Paper on desk • You in the chair • Flag not moving

Unbalanced Forces • There is a net force acting on an object. • Causes a change in motion • Possible to add the forces together to find the size & direction of the net force.

Unbalanced forces • If the forces are moving in the same direction, add the forces. • Example: • Girl pushes 25 N to the right • Boy pulls 20 N to the right • Net Force = 45 N to the right • The piano moves to the right

Unbalanced forces • If the forces are moving in opposite directions, subtract the forces. • Example: • Dog #1 pulls 10 N to the left • Dog #2 pulls 12 N to the right • Net Force = 2 N to the right

You Try It: Calculating Net Force

You Try It: Net Force

You Try It: Net Force

Sample Test Question #1 • Answer: D • Each box has the same magnitude of force (3 N), but in 3 different directions. • That makes them totally different from one another. • D is the only possible answer.

Sample Test Question #2 • Answer: A • The box will move 30 N downward & 10 N to the left

Draw this in your little book in “additional notes”

Read the following passage. On a separate sheet of paper, explain why each underlined word or phrase is capitalized.

Who is Punxsutawney Phil? Does Groundhog Day‾underline{text{Groundhog Day}} ring a bell? Punxsutawney Phil is the official groundhog weather prognosticator who makes an appearance once a year on Gobbler’s Knob‾underline{text{Gobbler’s Knob}} in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania‾underline{text{Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania}}.