Match the following english and russian words and word combinations

II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.

1. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.

1. The majority of rail systems rely on ………

1. new technology

1. railway network development

1. long-welded rails

1. High
   technology for the railway of the future is the key to success in
   ………

1. studying the ground

1. tracklaying

1. delivering the building materials

1. Ballast
   cleaning machines are used for ……….

1. leveling off ballast

1. carrying ballast

1. taking off the dirt from ballast

IV. Match these definitions with the words.

1. tracks allowing the railway to achieve the high speeds	a. rubber-based
2. crane which can lift track panels and bridge elements	b. hopper batcher
3. products reducing all types of vibration and noise	c. perfect
4. machine for leveling off ballast during renewal	d. tamping
5. machine for consolidating the ballast under the sleepers	e. tracklaying

V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).

1. Cantilever cranes clean the
   ballast.

2. Electro-mechanical braking systems are used
   in the railway industry.

3. Rubber-based products did not result in
   improved ride comfort and less noise pollution.

4. Popular hopper batchers are intended to
   carry and level off ballast during renewal.

5. Efficient technique facilitates improvement
   in maintenance of railways.

Unit
4

Skim the text
to find out why ladder sleepers perform well in tests.

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Environmental problems have become one of the most urgent problems of modern society. More and more people suffer from air and water pollution. Nature also suffers from land and nuclear pollution. The reasons for such environmental problems are numerous. Among them increasing number of cars in the streets, factory waste, millions of cut down trees, destroyed habitats of animals, contaminated rivers and seas. All these problems mainly arise due to human careless activities and gradually destroy our planet. If we look closely, we’ll notice that not only one city is under danger, but the majority of world population. Fortunately, there are many ways to suspend these problems. If everybody starts caring about the planet we live on, many environmental problems can be solved. For example, if we start recycling paper and cardboard, we can save lots of trees. If we start using public transport more than private cars, we can have less air pollution. Local governments can also help to prevent some problems, if they forbid logging companies to destroy the forests, or stop factories from polluting water.