Makes the word an adjective

• visible (visible) — invisible (invisible)
• correct (correct, correct, exact) — incorrect (incorrect, incorrect, inaccurate)
• dead (dead) — undead (raised from the dead)
• reasonable (reasonable, reasonable, reasonable) — unreasonable (unreasonable, unreasonable, unreasonable)
• legal (lawful, legal, legal) — illegal (illegal, illegal, illegal)
• local (local, local) — illocal (non-local, non-local)
• practical — impractical (impractical, unrealistic, practically impractical, unusable

Source: https://online-teacher.ru/blog/obrazovanie-prilagatelnyx-english

Suffixes in English — Learn All

There can be confusion between suffixes and endings in English (both are often called word endings), besides, English terminology in this matter is slightly different from Russian. Therefore, let’s start with the basic concepts.

The ending is an inflectional morpheme. It changes the form of a word, but not its meaning, and at the same time carries a grammatical load:

• pencil — pencils (ending indicates plural)
• work — worked (the ending indicates the elapsed time)

The suffix, in turn, is a derivational morpheme. Suffixes in English create new words, either by changing the meaning of the original one, or by converting one part of speech to another:

• red — reddish (red — reddish)
• teach — teacher (teach — teacher)

There are very few endings in English — these are -s (-es), -ed and -ing. There are a lot of suffixes in English. In this article, we will consider only the most common ones.

Profession and occupation suffixes (-er, -ent, -ess)

The -er suffix is ​​perhaps the most common and productive for «doers.» With it, you can form a noun from almost any verb.

• write> writer — write> writer
• bake> baker — oven> baker
• paint> painter — paint> painter

Most modern words denoting the performer of an action are formed precisely with his help. This also applies to inanimate objects.

• printer — printer
• scanner — scanner

Many words that come from French and Latin have the -or suffix:

• doctor — doctor
• tailor — tailor
• actor — actor

The English suffix -ist often denotes an activity related to science and medicine:

• scientist — scientist
• dentist — dentist
• biologist — biologist

It also denotes an adherent of any views and beliefs:

• pacifist — pacifist
• communist — communist
• realist — realist

Other suffixes in English of words of Latin and Greek origin:

Suffix -ian:

• musician — musician
• librarian — librarian
• mathematician — mathematician

Suffix -ent:

• student — student
• resident — resident, resident
• agent — agent

Suffix -ant:

• informant — informant
• assistant — assistant
• confidant — confidant

The -ess suffix is ​​one of the few «feminine» suffixes in English:

• waitress — waitress
• actress — actress
• princess — princess

Process, action, phenomenon suffixes (-ment, -ion, -ism)

The suffix in English -ment is needed when forming verbal nouns and means an action or its result:

• movement — movement
• entertainment — entertainment
• concealment — concealment

The -ion suffix also denotes an action, process, or result of that process:

• revolution — revolution
• isolation — isolation
• restriction — restriction

The suffix -ism denotes a system of views, beliefs:

• racism — racism
• communism — communism
• pacifism — pacifism

State, quality, property suffixes (-ance / -ence, -dom, -hood, -ity, -ness, -ship, -th)

The -ance / -ence suffix in a noun usually matches the -ant / -ent suffix in an adjective:

• different — difference
• important — importance (important — importance)
• independent — independence

The suffixes in English -hood and -ship mean a person’s condition associated with his age, social relations, and sometimes activity; or a group of people united by this state.

• childhood — childhood
• motherhood — motherhood
• priesthood — clergy
• friendship — friendship
• internship — internship, internship

The suffix -dom means states and properties of a broader meaning:

• freedom — freedom
• wisdom — wisdom
• martyrdom — Martyrdom

The suffix in English -ness means possession of some quality and serves to form nouns from adjectives:

• kindness — kindness
• usefulness — usefulness
• vastness — vastness

The -th suffix more often means physical properties:

• strength — strength
• length — length
• warmth — warm

The suffix -ity means property, quality, and is common for words of Latin origin:

• brevity — brevity
• velocity — speed
• purity — purity

Adjective suffixes

The suffix -ful in English means possession of quality (and is related to the adjective full — «full»):

• beautiful — beautiful
• useful — useful

The -less suffix is ​​opposite in meaning to the previous one and means lack of quality:

• careless — carefree
• harmless — harmless

The suffix -able, -ible characterizes the property or accessibility for any action:

• edible — edible
• portable — portable, portable
• admirable — admirable

The suffixes -ic and -al mean «related, related»:

• heroic — heroic
• mythic — mythical
• cultural — cultural
• musical — musical

The -ous suffix also carries a characteristic:

• dangerous — dangerous
• nutritious — nutritious

The English suffix -ish has several meanings:

expresses similarity (in terms of appearance, behavior)

• girlish — girlish
• childich — childish, childish
• foolish — stupid

weakens the meaning of an adjective

• reddish — reddish
• narrowish — narrowish

means nationality, language or country

• English — English
• Swedish — Swedish

The suffix -ive means possession of a property, the ability:

• attractive — attractive
• sedative — sedative

The English suffix -y is used to form many simple adjectives:

• rainy — rainy
• dirty — dirty
• sunny — sunny

Vertex suffixes

Verb suffixes are not so diverse and almost all have the meaning of «doing something» or «becoming something.»

Suffix -ate

• motivate — to motivate
• activate — activate

Suffix -en

• lengthen — lengthen
• strengthen — strengthen

Suffix -ify

• verify — confirm
• clarify — to clarify

Suffix -ize, -ise

• visualize — render
• neutralize — neutralize

Adverb suffix

Adverbs are formed with just one suffix in English -ly:

• loudly — loudly
• beautifully — beautifully
• politely — politely

We read further:

10 ways to tell an adjective from an adverb in English

What are the types of sentences in English

5 simple rules for word order in English

Adverb, know your place!

Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/chto-vy-ne-znali-o-suffiksah-v-anglijskom

Formation of words in English in examples

As in our native Russian, in other languages, words are also added, for example, with suffixes, as a result of which a new word is obtained. Knowledge of how words are formed in English opens up quite a lot to the student. Having mastered some simple rules and looking at a few examples, you will soon learn to intuitively “create” new phrases as you speak. Fortunately, this is easier in English than in Russian.

Nouns are the basis for word formation. It is from them that, as a rule, comes the formation of verbs, adjectives, as well as their various degrees. It is worth noting that English words are not inflected for cases, only prepositions are used for this.

There are many types of word formation. However, they are not difficult to learn. For a start, it’s a good idea to know how they are created.

Conversion: we create a new one without changing anything

It is common in the English language such a change when nothing changes, except for the part of speech. Such is the pun, however, it is. Most often, a noun is transformed, becoming a verb. In this case, the spelling and pronunciation remain the same. This is called conversion.

Attention! This is not a rule, that is, you cannot just take any noun and use it instead of a verb. It’s just that a lot of words are created in English that way. There are many examples:

• a look — look
• to look at — look
• present — a gift
• to present — to be present; present
• present — present

It should be separately noted here that the word «present» in English is one of the many forms of the verb. It is included here to illustrate how multifaceted the use of the same word is in this case.

There are also words where the spelling remains the same, but the stress changes. A change in stress occurs along with a change in part of speech:

Conversion words are not worth experimenting with. Especially if you are with native speakers or if you are communicating with those who know it better than you. This type and the moments when it can be applied are studied in the process, as if by themselves.

Composition

Composition is a simple «mathematics of words». In this case, 2 words just add up into one. This is akin to our «plumbing» and the like. It’s the same in English.

New words are formed in this way simply — there are practically no additional letters for connection, most often the original words are simply written together or with a hyphen:

• Schoolday — school day (in Russian it is advisable to replace it with «school day»).
• Air-base — air base.

Changing parts of speech using suffixes

There are several suffixes in English that allow you to conveniently change the part of speech. In this case, most often the «connecting part» does not change.

In Russian it is more difficult: beauty is beautiful. That is, to transform it into an adjective, you also need to change the ending of the original «beauty». In English, a suffix is ​​simply added, and occasionally you only have to change one letter.

Here only the letter «y» has changed. In many cases, this is not required either.

How to write adjective comparison forms

Comparison of adjectives is about the same as in Russian. Let’s remember: high — higher — highest (highest).

In English, suffixes are used for this:

— er for comparison;

— the + word + suffix est for superlative.

• tall (high) — taller — the tallest.

This is how all comparisons are formed; no more than a dozen exceptions. It should be remembered that if the original variant ends in «y», then before the suffix it will be replaced with «i». Also, in all cases when the word ends with «e», instead of «er» will be simply «r», instead of «est» — «st». The second «e» is, as it were, eaten.

This addition rule is valid for any suffixes, not just comparative degrees. Exceptions are very rare.

«-Ful» and «-less» for adjectives

There are not so many adjectives that exist on their own, which have not been affected in any way by the word formation of English words. More than half of all adjectives are formed with various suffixes. Among them «-ful» and «-less» — they require separate consideration.

Literally, they can be translated as «a lot, full» and «little, not enough», respectively.

• Success is success.
• Successful — «full of success», or rather successful.

This is how many adjectives are formed. In this case, as in all others, it must be borne in mind that not every method and not every word is suitable. Big experiments are not worth carrying out. But knowing all the suffixes will make translation from English several times easier. Just knowing the translation of one noun, reading a book or listening to another person, you can instantly draw a conclusion about what this or that adjective means.

• help — help
• helpless — helpless

If you come across words familiar to you with the addition of the suffixes «-ful» and «-less», you can first translate them verbatim and immediately recall a simpler and more frequently used translation.

Formation of adjectives from verbs

There is another way to «make» an adjective from a verb. There are the following suffixes used for this purpose:

1. — able;
2. — en;
3. — al;
4. — ible;
5. — ant;
6. — ent.

It should be noted that these are far from all, but the most used suffixes. As you learn English, you will most likely soon learn to guess what this or that suffix means if you didn’t know it before:

• Eat — eatable
• Effect — effective

How to make a noun out of a noun?

Also, with the help of simple suffixes -or and -er, the names of professions, statuses and the like are created. Sometimes from nouns, and sometimes from other parts of speech, verbs, for example.

• Bike — biker
• Teach — teacher
• Work — worker

This rule is quite common. Basically, this is how the occupation is indicated in English: by adding a suffix, as a rule, to a noun or to a verb, you get a new noun that characterizes a person by his activities or hobbies. Sometimes such a word can also mean the object with which the action is performed:

• To mix — mixer

Other endings are also used for the same purpose: -ment, -ent, -ant:

• to study — student

How do you know which ending to use? Most often, short endings are added to short words, and long endings to long ones. Also, if you don’t know how to do it correctly, try to orient yourself by ear: substitute what sounds better. The rules were invented for a reason, they are quite intuitive.

«-Ly» and «-en»: Formation of adverbs and adjectives

To make an adjective or adverb out of a noun, the suffix «-ly» or «y» is often added:

• Friend — friendly
• Luck — lucky

With the help of all the same «-ly» and «-y», adverbs can be formed from adjectives:

• Sad — sadly
• Bad — badly

There is also a suffix «-en», with the help of which an object is converted into a property:

• Wood — wooden
• Gold — golden

Word formation using prefixes

In addition to suffixes, there are also so-called prefixes in English. In a sense, they are analogous to Russian prefixes and prepositions, many of them can even be translated.

Among the common ones are «un-«, as well as «ir-«, analogs of the particle «not»:

• Irregular — irregular
• Unknown — unknown

For the same purpose, the following prefixes are used:

1. of;
2. im;
3. il;
4. mis;
5. non;
6. say;
7. anti.

There are also prefixes that mean «over», «over», «overly»:

1. about;
2. super;
3. ultra;
4. extra.

The list of the listed forms of word formation in English, given above, is not complete. This topic is very extensive, it requires more in-depth study. However, the main methods of word formation are shown, those that are used most often.

It will be difficult to just learn and apply them, but you can easily recognize new words in the language, just remembering this set of rules. It should be noted that it is very difficult to predict which particular suffix or prefix will be used. But in the process of studying you will often meet with them and gradually you will be able to remember their meaning automatically.

Article recommended by an expert: Maria Solomatina

Source: https://1hello.ru/grammatika/obrazovanie-slov-v-anglijskom-yazyke-v-primerax.html

Plural in English — online lessons for beginners

Read the entire lesson and do a short, easy listening exercise (a translation is shown after each assignment). In the second block of the exercise, you will be asked to write the same phrases under dictation, so listen and read carefully the phrases that you compose in the first block.  

  Start exercise  

In most cases, the plural in English is formed very simply — the ending “-s» or «-Is«, which read differently depending on the consonant in front of it — voiced or voiceless:

For words ending in «s, ss, ch, tch, x» (hissing or whistling sounds), the ending «-Is«, Which reads loudly [of].

In a side-by-side exercise (see the main exercise below), an English noun is shown; to see it in the plural, just click on the word.

In the lesson exercise, beginners will be able to compose phrases on their own — click on the English words to translate the phrase proposed in Russian. A few words that we will meet in the exercise:

• to want [that uOnt] — to want (the verb following the verb «to want» requires the use of a particle «to«- I want to help you — I want to help you) to have [tu hEv] — to have one [uan] — one

Features of the use of plural nouns

Grammatical addition: in English, the plural can be in «countable nouns«. There are a number of nouns that are used only in the singular (we emphasize, in English; the use of words in Russian and English can both coincide and diverge, but we need to get out of the habit of making comparisons with the native language, and plunge into the logic of English):

• money [mani] — money hair [hea] — hair advice [adv] — advice

A number of other nouns are used only in the plural form:

• glasses [glAsiz] — glassesgoods [goodz] — goods trousers [trauzez] — trousers people [people] — people (singular, but implies the plural)

A number of English nouns form the plural in a special way:

• man — men [men] — [men] — man / men, people woman — women [umen] — [wiming] — woman / women (we prepare the organs of speech for pronouncing [y], but immediately pronounce the next sound) child — children [child] — [chIldren] — child / children

A separate lesson will be devoted to these features of the plural in English; now it is important for beginners to remember the basic rule for the formation of the plural.

Plural adjectives

Adjectives in english do not change in the plural and do not change by gender:

• good guy [good boy] — good boy good boys [good boys] — good boys good girl [good girl] — good girl good girls [good girls] — good girls

A noun before another noun can act as an adjective; in this case, it is not used in the plural:

• life situations — life situations

▲ Start online exercise

Next: Articles A, AN, THE and a bit of TO. • Tutor: preparation for the exam and exam, passing international exams.
• «My day» / «Working day» / «My day off»
• TEST elementary / intermediate

Source: http://english.prolingvo.info/beginner/plural.php

Resume adjectives to describe skills

CV in English — one of the main components of the job search process. According to it, the employer makes the first impression of the applicant, so the question of how to write a resume in English is one of the most important for any candidate.

«In a world without adjectives, there will still be sunrise and sunset, flowers in bloom, trees bearing fruits, birdsong and stinging bees.»

~ AA Patawaran

Resume writing is perceived by many people as listing all the positive personal qualities. Moreover, they are not even always really available, but are abstract. But what is really important to put on your resume in order to get a good job?

In this article, you will learn how to choose the right adjectives for your perfect resume in English.

English CV adjectives: why are they needed?

On a resume, ten seconds is enough to impress an HR manager and land on a list called “Interview Candidates” marked “Approved” if you can use the right words.

Why do you need English adjectives in a resume?

A resume is essentially a price list, because each line of it declares the value of a person as a specialist and employee. The fewer functions he is able to perform, the cheaper his services will cost and vice versa.

The «price» of a person is made up of those qualities that the employer wants to see in the applicant. That is, an economist and, for example, a chef needs a different set of qualities, a different price list.

And these qualities can best be described with the help of adjectives.

How to choose the correct adjective?

Starting to indicate in the resume all his good qualities, a person must first of all adequately assess himself professionally. As a rule, all unsuccessful attempts to get a job or promotion are due to overestimated or, on the contrary, underestimated self-esteem, leading to an incorrectly composed resume.

Also, you need to be original, because when an HR manager reads over and over again a resume similar to all previous ones (which includes words and clichés such as “great team player” (rus.

great team player), it is guaranteed that your resume will be deleted. After all, any word you say must be backed up by certain evidence. Poorly chosen words and clichés can destroy the reader’s interest.

The right words, when chosen correctly, can have the opposite effect of motivating and inspiring the reader.

How not to over-praise yourself on an English resume?

On the one hand, it is very important to sell yourself at a higher price, but at the same time, some of the words that are used for this purpose sound too pompous.

Exaggerating a resume’s ability and merit is inappropriate. You do not need to use all adjectives with a positive connotation in relation to yourself: stress-resistant, sociable, kind, sympathetic. This is just your personal opinion about yourself. And it may not always be true.

Be selective in describing personality traits. Write only what is really inherent in you and corresponds to the desired position. Try to support adjectives with verbs, describe your active actions.

10 resume adjectives to describe experiences

When describing work experience, it is very important to use adjectives that not only describe your achievements, but also tell the potential employer about your attitude towards the tasks set.

solid

The adjective solid can be used with the noun experience and denotes a solid experience.

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

established solid work interactions with customers and employees a.	Installed serious working interactions with customers and employees.

creative (rus.creative, creative)

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

My creative ideas for product and service promotion led to me being highlighted as a marketing expert of the year at my previous place of employment.	My creative Ideas for promoting products and services led me to the title of Marketing Expert of the Year in my previous job.

error-free

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

Managed complex problems and time-constrained tasks with rapid but error free analyzes to ensure projects are completed without disruption.	Managed complex problems and time limited tasks with a fast but unmistakable analysis to ensure projects are completed without disruption.

industrious

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

In my previous engagement, my industrious nature resulted in the improvement in production figures by thirty percent.	In my previous work, my hardworking character resulted in a thirty percent improvement in production rates.

productive

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

I was able to apply my knowledge of the latest innovations and best practices in manufacturing to create a more productively system.	I was able to apply my knowledge of the latest innovations and advanced manufacturing techniques to create more productive system.

structured (Russian structured)

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

My structured approach to administrative tasks led me to conceptualize office operations guidelines for my department.	My structured the approach to administrative tasks led me to conceptualize the guidelines for office operations for my department.

attentive

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

My very careful approach to analyzing plans facilitated innovations in the field of engineering.	My very attentive an approach to plan analysis has fostered innovation in mechanical engineering.

innovative (rus. innovative)

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

My innovative approach to my craft has led me to design a number of devices that will be of great benefit to your organization.	Innovative my approach to craft led me to design a number of devices that will be of great use to your organization.

focused

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

My studies and training were focused on the execution of productive engineering plans.	My research and training has been focused on the implementation of production design plans.

diligent (Russian diligent, diligent)

Sentence in EnglishTranslate into Russian

Source: https://ienglish.ru/blog/business-angliiskiy-po-skype/resume-na-angliiskom/50-angliyskih-prilagatelnyh-dlia-rezume-chtoby-predstavit-sebia-v-lych

Suffixes in English: 40 Most Common

Hey.

Source: https://corp.lingualeo.com/ru/2016/11/16/suffiksyi-v-angliyskom-yazyike/

Correct order of adjectives in English. Mandatory for execution! — Cynical English

Hello!

The topic of today’s post will be a question that is important enough because it allows you to:

• Better structure your understanding of the rules English language (this is important and useful in any case).
• Show the teacher when passing certain tests (especially IELTS) that you have a deep understanding of how an English sentence should be built and you clearly understand what the order of adjectives in English sentences should be (but this is already vital)

First of all, let’s define:

Where should adjectives appear in an English sentence

• Adjective can come before a noun. Everything is quite trivial here, since there is a complete analogy with the Russian by language.

— there was a high castle there-there was a high castle

— light clouds appeared in the east — light clouds appeared in the east

— she made strong coffee-she made strong coffee

• An adjective can be AFTER one of the following verbs.

Table No. 1

Verb	Transfer
1	to be	be
2	to seem	sound
3	to appear	1. to appear, 2. to appear
4	to become	become
5	to get	1. to receive, 2. to become, 3. to appear
6	to look	1. look, 2. look
7	to feel	feel
8	to sound	sound
9	great taste	1.Taste, 2.Taste
10	to smell	1.smell, 2.smell

Let’s illustrate dry and lifeless information from the table with living examples of English sentences with adjectives

  — The bride was beautiful — the bride was beautiful (just in case, let me remind you that was followed by the adjective beautiful is the past singular form of the verb to be).

— He seemed happy — he seemed happy (the sentence he seemed absolutely happy — he seemed absolutely happy — would have been more appropriate, but then the adverb absolutely followed immediately after the verb, and not the adjective happy, and the logic of the explanation would not be entirely correct).

— People in the room appeared calm and relaxed-people in the room seemed calm and relaxed (here it is worth keeping in mind that adjectives follow the verb to appear, which can also be translated as “to appear” and then the meaning of the translation of the whole sentence will be somewhat mysterious)

— The rose smells delicious — the rose smells luxurious.

— My boss got angry — My boss got angry.

If one of these English verbs is followed by 2 or more adjectives, they are separated by and (but not by any means a comma).

— The ocean looked dark and stormy — the ocean looked dark and stormy.

— Every time you ask him about money he becomes nervous and tense-Every time you ask him about money, he gets nervous and tense (familiar situation, isn’t it?)

I think you will agree that all of the above regarding the location of English adjectives in a sentence is fairly obvious. Therefore, it’s time to consider a more complex issue, namely:

The only correct order of adjectives before a noun in English

It will not be a divine revelation if we say that before any English noun there can be not one, but several adjectives.

The question is, is there any rule for their following one after another, or is it possible to put adjectives in a phrase (or in a sentence) before a noun in an absolutely arbitrary order?

There is order, but for some reason they do not talk about it in English courses, and in textbooks and manuals on this topic they are not too widespread. What is strange, is it really classified information?

Let’s depict all this disgrace in the form of another table (No. 2)

The order of the English adjectives before the noun (from left to right).

Serial number	Kind of adjectives	Examples
1	Adjectives expressing a subjective assessment or opinion.	Attractive-attractive Interesting-interesting Awful-awful
2	Size adjectives.	Big- big Wide-wide Long-long
3	Age related adjectives.	Old-old New-new Young-young
4	Adjectives that talk about the form of something.	Round-round Wiry-like wire Rectangular-rectangular
5	Color adjectives.	Red-red Black-black Ivory-ivory
6	Origin adjectives.	American-American Russian-Russian Asian-asian
7	Adjectives describing the material.	Wooden-wooden Paper-paper Plastic-plastic, plastic
8	Adjectives goals, so to speak (sounds a little clumsy, but what to do)	Magnifiying-augmenting Cleaning-cleaning

Best illustrated with scenes from films that follow the adventures of the virtuous gentleman’s cocaine lover, Sherlock Holmes, and his faithful squire, Dr. Watson.

It is known (from the words of Conan Doyle, but what to do, you have to trust the writer) that Holmes spent most of the time in one of his three main incarnations.

Either he selflessly played music, maddening the neighbors and the landlady, Mrs. paradoxical conclusions from what he saw.

Take the story of the Hound of the Baskervilles, where the protagonists spend their time in a castle in the middle of the Devonshire Marshes.

The detective himself is absent, and Sir Henry and Watson, heavily loaded with whiskers at dinner, catch the butler Barrymore when he signals Morse code to the fugitive convict Selden, standing by the window.

What adjectives can describe the window and what should be their order in a typical English sentence?

A small (number 2, size) old (number 3, age) wooden (number 7, material) window is a small old wooden window.

The Baskerville passions began with a visit by Dr. Mortimer to an English detective and a forgotten cane, which Holmes analyzed in detail. What can be the set of adjectives in a sentence describing such a subject?

Impressive (number 1, opinion) long (number 2, sizes) British (number 6, origin) stick-long imposing British cane.

And finally, the last paragraph of today’s article in the advice section will tell you how to respond to an offer where there are

Nouns that act as adjectives

An exhaustive explanation on the question of how in such a «magical» way English nouns are transformed into adjectives when translated into Russian is located here.

In short, in a sequence of several nouns, like this:

a soldier scout knife

the last noun (rightmost in the sequence) is translated as a noun, and those nouns in front of it are translated as adjectives.

a soldier scout knife — soldier scout knife (soldier scout knife if you prefer a more euphonious version)

And what will be correct, for the English language, of course, the order of the words (adjectives and nouns) in a phrase, where the main word is all the same noun «knife», and it is described by means of adjectives

— enormous-huge

— steel-steel

and nouns

— soldier soldier

a enormous steel soldier knife — huge steel soldier knife

A noun acting as an adjective should be located closest to the main noun.

Absolutely marvelous proposal, but you can’t say otherwise

Therefore, table 2 can be safely converted into a table (no. 3).

Serial number	Kind of adjectives	Examples
1	Adjectives expressing a subjective assessment or opinion.	Attractive-attractive Interesting-interesting Awful-awful
2	Size adjectives.	Big-big Wide-wide Long-long
3	Age related adjectives.	Old-old New-new Young-young
4	Adjectives that talk about the form of something.	Round-round Wiry-like wire Rectangular-rectangular
5	Color adjectives.	Red-red Black-black Ivory-ivory
6	Origin adjectives	American-American Russian-Russian Asian-asian
7	Adjectives describing the material.	Wooden-wooden Paper-paper Plastic-plastic, plastic
8	Adjectives goals, so to speak (sounds a little clumsy, but what to do)	Magnifiying-augmenting Cleaning-cleaning
9	Nouns as adjectives	Almost any noun

On this I suppose, the order of adjectives in an English sentence / phrase can be considered comprehensively considered.

Bow. A curtain

If you are sure that you have completely sorted out this question, check yourself. But not in some eerily constructed artificial exercises (very similar for this reason to Frankenstein), but on the material of two sections:

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Form the adjectives culture. Formation of adjectives in English

As in our native Russian, in other languages, words are also added, for example, with suffixes, as a result of which a new word is obtained. Knowledge of how words are formed in English opens up quite a lot to the student. Having mastered some simple rules and looking at a few examples, you will soon learn to intuitively “create” new phrases as you speak. Fortunately, this is easier in English than in Russian.

Nouns are the basis for word formation. It is from them that, as a rule, the formation of verbs, as well as their various degrees, comes. It is worth noting that English words are not inflected, only prepositions are used for this.

There are many types of word formation. However, they are not difficult to learn. For a start, it’s a good idea to know how they are created.

«-Ly» and «-en»: education and adjectives

To make an adjective or adverb out of a noun, the suffix «-ly» or «y» is often added:

• Friend — friendly
• Luck — lucky

With the help of all the same «-ly» and «-y», adverbs can be formed from adjectives:

• Sad — sadly
• Bad — badly

There is also a suffix «-en», with the help of which an object is converted into a property:

• Wood — wooden
• Gold — golden

Just here for the exercises? Click here.

Forming English adjectives

We can create adjectives from nouns, verbs or even other adjectives by using suffixes (endings) and prefixes (letters placed before the word).

Examples:

child → childish (noun + suffix)

inform → informative (verb + suffix)

possible → impossible (prefix + adjective)

Although there are many common prefixes and suffixes, there are no fixed rules that tell us when to use which one. The best way to learn is through repetition and practice – which is why Lingolia offers plenty of online exercises to help you master English adjectives.

Making adjectives with suffixes

Many adjectives are formed by adding suffixes (endings) to nouns and verbs.

Many suffixes only fulfil a grammatical role and simply indicate that the word is now an adjective, but there are some suffixes that carry their own meaning:

• The suffix -less means without something, whereas the suffix -ful usually means to have something.

Example:

hopeful ≠ hopeless

• However, only few adjectives can be made into opposite pairs like this.

Examples:

homeless

but not: homeful

beautiful

but not: beautiless

• We can add the suffix -ish to nouns and adjectives to change their meaning to like something.

Examples:

Don’t be childish.

= like a child

The jacket is a bluish colour.

= like blue

• For some materials, we can add the suffix -en to create adjectives that mean made of.

Examples:

A wooden chair.

A woollen jumper.

• When added to a verb, the suffix -able creates adjectives that express ability.

Examples:

Is the water drinkable?

= can you drink it?

Spelling rules

Usually, we just add the suffix to the end of the verb or noun.

Examples:

drink → drinkable

success → successful

However, sometimes we must add, remove or change letters before adding a suffix.

• We double the final consonant after a short stressed vowel.

Example:

sun → sunny

• A -y at the end of a word becomes -i.

Example:

beauty → beautiful

• We remove the final -e if the suffix begins with a vowel, but —ee, —oe and —ye stay the same.

Example:

fortune → fortunate

but: agree → agreeable

Table: Adjectives from nouns

The table below shows a list of common suffixes we can add to nouns to form adjectives:

Adjective or Adverb?

As shown in the table, the suffix -ly can be used to make adjectives from nouns.

Example:

friend → friendly

But wait! I hear you ask, I thought -ly is the ending for adverbs and not adjectives?

Actually, it’s both!

• Some words ending in -ly are purely adjectives:

Examples:

That’s a lovely dress.

He’s a friendly guy.

• Some words ending in -ly are solely adverbs:

Examples:

He ran quickly.

The teacher speaks slowly.

• And some words ending in -ly are both:

Example:

A weekly meeting. (adjective)

We update the website weekly. (adverb)

The difference depends on how they are used in a sentence. Head over to our page all about adjectives vs. adverbs in English grammar to learn more!

Table: Adjectives from verbs

The table below shows some of the most common suffixes we can add to verbs to form adjectives:

*-ed or -ing?

Some adjectives formed from verbs can have two possible endings: —ed or -ing.

Examples:

confuse – confused/confusing

bore – bored/boring

The difference between -ed and -ing adjectives is as follows:

• -ed adjectives describe a person’s feelings.

Example:

Erica is bored at work.

= she feels bored

• -ing adjectives describe the effect of a noun. Adjectives ending in -ing describe the thing or person that causes a feeling.

  Example:

  Erica’s job is boring.

  = the job bores Erica

Info

Be careful! Confusing the -ed and -ing endings can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

Example:

I was terrified on Halloween.

I felt scared

I was terrifying on Halloween.

I was scary and caused everyone else to feel scared

See participles and confusing words for more information and exercises on the difference between -ed and -ing.

Country Adjectives

Adjectives that describe nationality are always written with capital letters.

• We usually form country adjectives by adding -n to the end of the word.

  Example:

  America → American

  Russia → Russian

  Australia → Australian

• But we can also use -ese, -i, -ian and -ish to build country adjectives.

  Example:

  Japan → Japanese

  Iraq → Iraqi

  Ukraine → Ukrainian

The table below provides an overview of country adjectives.

• Some countries have irregular forms.

  Example:

  Germany → German

  France → French

  Greece → Greek

  Switzerland → Swiss

  Ireland → Irish

For a detailed list of countries, languages and adjectives see: List of Countries and Nationalities

Adjectives with prefixes

Most adjectives in English have an opposite. Often, these word pairs are completely different to one another:

Examples:

big ≠ small

hot ≠ cold

tall ≠ short

However, we can also use prefixes to form opposite adjectives.

il-, im- and ir-

The prefixes il-, im- and ir- are only used before particular letters:

• il- comes before words that start with an —l

Example:

legal → illegal

• im- comes before words that start with an —m or a —p

Example:

patient → impatient

• ir- comes before words that start with an —r

Example:

responsible → irresponsible

The table below shows the most common adjectives that form their opposites with the prefixes il-, im- and ir-:

dis-, in- and un-

The most common prefixes for forming opposite adjectives are un-, dis-, and in-.

Unlike the prefixes above, there are no fixed rules as to which letters can follow the prefixes un-, dis- and in-. The table below shows some typical examples:

Word Formation

Concept: Nouns to Adjectives

Definition

• Words can be changed from one part of speech to another by adding or changing the suffix to the main word.
• The new formed word or adjective will give more information on the noun.
• The most common suffixes used to form adjectives are -ly, -al, -ary, -ical, ous, -ful, -ish, -ic, -less, -y,
  -like, -ive,-ative, -eous, -ious, -ent, -ance and -ant. For instance, the noun ‘importance’ can be changed
  into the adjective ‘important’ by adding the suffix -ant.

Example

• The beauty of the movie is in the performance of its actors.
• It is a beautiful movie.

In the above sentence, the root noun beauty has been changed to an adjective beautiful by adding the suffix
-ful.

Adding Suffix to a Noun to Make an Adjective

Nouns	Suffix	Adjectives	Examples
commerce	al	commercial	She is a commerce student. ↓ She would like to work with a commercial establishment.
fame	ous	famous	The restaurant earned its fame with their unique desserts. ↓ This restaurant is famous for its desserts.
pain, duty	ful	painful , dutiful	It is his duty to look after his parents. ↓ He is a dutiful son.
salt, taste	y	salty , tasty	The food tastes good. ↓ The food was filling and tasty too.
Geography	ic	geographic	I like the subject Geography. ↓ The geographic location of Assam is such that it is often prone to earthquakes.
Child	ish	Childish	She often behaves like a child. ↓ Her behaviour seemed very childish.
interest	ing	interesting	The book didn’t fail to interest me. ↓ It is an interesting book to read.
talent	ed	talented	He has an inborn talent for singing. ↓ He is a talented singer.

Make Adjectives from Noun

Certain suffixes can be used to make adjectives from Noun. Let us have a look at them below with its rules:

Adjectives ending with ‘al’

• Certain suffixes will change a noun into one that modifies another as per the state of being.
• For example, the suffix ‘-al’ can be used with the noun ‘accident’ to form the adjective ‘accidental,’ which is
  the state of being in an accident.

Adjectives ending with ‘ous’

• Adjectives that relate a noun to a quality can be formed by using the suffix ‘-ary’ or ‘-ous’.
• For example, the adjective ‘poisonous’ is formed from the word ‘poison.’

Adjectives ending with ‘ful’

• The suffix ‘-ful’ can be added to some nouns to form adjectives that indicate ‘full’ of the quality expressed by
  the root word. So ‘beauty’ becomes ‘beautiful’, ‘wonder’ becomes ‘wonderful’, skill becomes ‘skilful’.
• However, some formations have their spellings changed. The ‘-y’ in beauty becomes an ‘-i’ when changed to
  ‘beautiful.’ The ‘-e’ in ‘awe’ is omitted to form the adjective ‘awful.’

Adjectives ending with ‘ic’, ‘ical’ & ‘ish’

• Adjectives can also be formed that changes a noun and express a part of its nature. These suffixes include
  ‘-ical,’ ‘-ic,’ and ‘-ish’.
• For example the noun ‘photograph’ can be changed into ‘photographic’ by adding the suffix – ic.
• However, some of these nouns need a spelling change. In ‘base’ and ‘athlete’ the final ‘-e’ is dropped before
  adding the suffix -ic to form the adjectives ‘basic’ and ‘athletic’. The noun ‘history’ has its ‘-y’ dropped
  before the ‘-ic’ can be added to make it ‘historic’.

Adjectives ending with ‘ly’

• The suffixes that indicate how a changed noun is similar to the root word of an adjective are ‘-ly,’ ‘-like,’
  and ‘-y.’ Usually no spelling changes occur while using these suffixes.
• For example nouns like ‘child,’ and ‘rain’, ‘friend,’, ‘wind’ change into ‘childlike,’ ‘friendly,’ and ‘windy’,
  ‘rainy’.
• Sometimes, minor spelling changes can take place. Sometimes before adding the suffix ‘-y,’ the last consonant is
  doubled. So ‘fun’ changes into ‘funny’ and ‘spot’ transforms into ‘spotty.’
• For nouns like anger, hunger, the e is dropped and the suffix ‘-y,’ is added at the end.

Common Mistakes

1. If the noun ends with an e, the ‘e’ is dropped, and the suffix used is either -y or -al or -ial to form an
   adjective.

Examples:

Finance → Financial

Finance → Financeial

Nature → Natural

Nature → Natural

2. If the noun ends with the letter ‘y’, it is removed, and the suffix-ic or -ful is usually added in its
   place.

Example:

Tragedy → Tragic

Exceptions

1. Some of the adjectives might have two kinds of suffix endings: -ic or -ical. However, their meanings do
   vary. So remember that, whenever you come across a pair like identity/identical,historic/historical,
   economic/economical,classic/classical.

Examples:

1. identity/identical

Identity – the fact of being what a thing or a person is.

Did you get your identity card?

Identical — same or similar.

Your shirt is identical to mine.

2. economic/economical

Economic — related to industry, trade, or money

Sri Lanka is facing a major economic crisis.

Economical — affordable

Combo meals are usually very economical.

3. classic/classical

Historic— important event in history

I am lucky enough to witness this historic moment.

Historical -pertaining to history

Qutab Minar is a historical monument in India.

Look at the mind map for quick reference:

The Adjective is one of the parts of speech that describes some extra information about the noun or a pronoun in a sentence.

The adjective may be present single or multiple in a sentence that presents before a noun or a pronoun. Some articles like (a, an, the) are also called adjectives.

Many adjectives come before nouns or come along with linking verbs like feel, seen, appear, etc. Some adjectives never come before the noun, while some are placed just after the noun.

An adjective also improvises a noun or a pronoun. Some sentences contain more than one adjective. They must be assigned with commas.

Types of adjectives:

There are eight types of an adjective, depending on the place of an adjective in a sentence, meaning, and other illustrations,

1. Descriptive Adjective
2. Demonstrative Adjective
3. Distributive adjective
4. Interrogative Adjective
5. Numeral Adjective
6. Quantitative Adjective
7. Proper Adjective
8. Possessive Adjective

Descriptive Adjective:

A descriptive adjective is used to illustrate or to give some description of the qualities of a noun or pronoun of a sentence.

The list of adjectives contains more descriptive adjectives, which are also known as qualitative adjectives.

Examples:

1. Harley Davidson bikes are stylish, fast, and expensive.
   • Here, the words stylish, fast, and expensive provide extra details of the bike, called descriptive adjectives.
2. Daniel bought a beautiful flower bouquet to present her gorgeous girlfriend.
3. She is very hungry.
4. Oxford University has an attractive auditorium.
5. He came into the party with an ugly hairstyle.

Demonstrative Adjective:

The demonstrative adjective is used to demonstrate certain things, people, or animals.

This adjective is also telling the position of the noun and comes before other adjectives in the phrase of a sentence to which it is going to modify.

This, these, that, and those are demonstrative adjectives.

Where this and these are used to assign singular and plural nouns that are close to us.

And that and those are used to assign singular and plural nouns that are far from us.

Examples,

1. Those pictures were just awesome when we looked at the exhibition.
   • Here, the word “those” demonstrates the pictures and tells us that they are far away from their reach.
2. Watching these kinds of movies is nothing but wasting time.
3. These all are my office colleagues.
4. Collect all the fruits and put them on that table.
5. These cookies are nicer baked than yesterday’s cookies.

Distributive Adjective:

Distributive Adjectives are generally used to point to a particular group or individual and are used with singular nouns. It is used to modify nouns.

It contains E-type adjectives that are accompanied by nouns or pronouns in a sentence.

• Each, every, neither, and either are four distributive Adjectives.

Examples,

1. Each student has to take part in cultural events.
   • Here, the word “each” is used to distribute them into single ones.
2. There were two washing machines, but neither worked properly.
3. I will be happy with either decision. 
4. Every bogie of a train is filled with coal.
5. The monkey divides the piece of bread and gives them to each cat. 

Interrogative Adjective:

Interrogative adjectives are adjectives that tend to ask questions or to interrogate nouns or pronouns and to modify them as well in a sentence.

There are three interrogative adjectives, “what, which, and whose,” respectively.

These adjectives no longer function like adjectives if the noun or a pronoun does not present just after these words in a sentence.

Other wh- type or question words can not be considered adjectives because they don’t modify the nouns or pronouns, respectively.

Examples,

1. Which bracelets do you like the most?
   • Here, “which” becomes an interrogative adjective because it asks to specify the noun “bracelet”.
2. What location type are you looking to go to?
   • In this question statement, the noun “location” comes after the word “what,” which makes this word an adjective.
3. What is the exact location?
   • But in this question statement, the noun is absent after the word “what,” which does not make this word an adjective.
4. Whose ambition is to become an astronaut?

Numeral Adjective:

A numeral adjective determines the number of nouns present in any sentence.

Numeral Adjectives are of three types:

1. Definite Numeral Adjectives(cardinal and ordinal):
   • Definite numeral adjectives contain two types, Cardinal numeral adjectives, and ordinal numeral adjectives.
2. A cardinal numeral adjective is used to count anything in numbers. (one, two, three, four, etc.)
3. The ordinal numeral adjective is used to mention the order or position of anything. (first, second, third, etc.)

1. Indefinite Numeral Adjectives:
   • Indefinite numeral adjectives are words that witness the presence or absence of anything like some, few, more, many, all, no, etc. 
2. Distributive Numeral Adjectives:
   • The distributive numeral adjectives are such adjectives that are used to distribute like each, neither, either, every, etc. 

Examples,

1. Mark purchased five Bugatti cars from the showroom. (Cardinal)
   • Here, five tells us about the number of cars present.
2. The second part of this movie is mind-blowing. (Ordinal)
3. Some people can never understand french. (Quantitative)
4. All the money you have can never buy happiness. (Indefinite)
5. Every living thing needs energy. (distributive)

Quantitative Adjective:

The quantitative adjective is used to explain the noun ( person or thing )and its quantity in a sentence. Sometimes a numeral adjective is also called a quantitative adjective though it specifies the numbers.

The quantitative type of adjective belongs to the question statement category like “how much or how many,” respectively.

• Little, more, much, few, all, large, small, tall, thirty, fifty, etc. are quantitative adjectives.

Examples,

1. I want many chocolates to eat. (how much)
   • Here, “many” indicates the number of chocolates.
2. Among all, some of them are Spanish, a few are Turkish, and the rest are Afrikans. (how many)
3. He played the guitar for the very first time. (how many)
4. There are 206 bones in a human skeleton. (how many)
5. Two boys are seriously injured in an accident. (how many)

Proper Adjective:

A proper adjective is an adjective that gives extra information related to a proper noun of a person, thing, animal, or object.

Though it refers to a particular person of existence and hence needs to be capitalized.

Examples, 

1. Australian kangaroos are very healthy.
   • Here, the word “Australian” represents Australia, which is a proper noun.
2. People called them Astronomers who study Astronomy.
3. African people are very hard workers.
4. I tasted different types of food, but Indian food has the best taste.
5. The highest currency in the world is the Kuwaiti Dinar.

Possessive Adjective:

A possessive adjective is an adjective that shows the possessive nature of the noun of a person or place in any sentence.

Possessive adjectives also function like possessive pronouns.

• First-person: My, ours.
• Second-person: Yours.
• Third-person: His, hers, its, their, whose.

Examples, 

1. My computer is working in better condition.
   • Here, “my” belongs to me shows some possession quality.
2. Their black Mercedes Benz car looks more attractive than this one.
3. Whose father is an Ex-Army man?
4. Is this band yours?
5. Both sisters have their own cupboards for clothes.

Degrees of Adjectives:

In the English language, An adjective has three degrees to give some extra and detailed information about some nouns or pronouns like person, place, things, objects, or even ideas, respectively.

These degrees are only applicable to descriptive adjectives as it has a tendency to illustrate the qualities of nouns or pronouns.

The three degrees of Adjectives are,

1. Positive degree.
2. Comparative degree and 
3. Superlative degree.

For example,

• Hard, harder, hardest.
• Much, more, most.
• Good, better, best.
• Large, larger, largest.
• Beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful.
• Bad, worse, worst.
• Tall, taller, tallest.
• Thin, thinner, thinnest, etc.

Positive degree:

A positive degree shows a correlation between the adjectives and the adverbs in a normal adjective form.

There is no comparison shown between adjectives and adverbs that are called a positive degree.

Examples,

1. She looks pretty in this dress.
2. He bought a phone which is thin in size.
3. She ordered a large bucket of KFC for the treat.
4. The climate is hot today.
5. This metal sheet is hard enough to withstand the load we expected.

Comparative degree:

A comparative degree is a degree of adjective that applies to compare two things, either they are of the same origin or different.

It also compares one noun with another noun in a sentence. 

Comparative degrees have a suffix -er.

Examples,

1. Their goals are faster than our team’s.
2. She is more beautiful than her elder sister.
3. Today she looks happier than on other days.
4. Your handwriting is better than mine.
5. This swimming pool is deeper than that one.

Superlative degree: 

The superlative degree is an adjective that compares the quality or quantity of any person, place, thing, or object among three or more to show either the least quality or highest degree.

The superlative degree has a suffix -est.

Examples,

1. Seedan is one of the bravest men in his battalion.
2. Usain Bolt made a world record for the fastest athlete in the Olympics.
3. She is the most beautiful girl on our campus.

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. We can make adjectives by adding prefixes and suffixes.

Suffixes to form adjectives

Suffixes go on the end of words. They change a word from one part of speech, such as a noun or a verb, to another, such as an adjective.

For example, if you add ‘-able’ to ‘solve’, you create the adjective ‘solvable’.  

• They told me the problem was not solvable, but I thought it was easy.
• The professional secretary was very helpful. She immediately understood what I needed.

The word ‘professional’ comes from ‘profession’, and ‘helpful’ comes from ‘help’.

The most common adjective suffixes and their meaning:

Suffix	Meaning	Examples
-able/-ible	Worth, ability	Solvable, accessible, believable, reliable
-al, -ial, -ical	Quality, relation	Professional, structural, national, legal
-ent/-ant	Having a certain quality	Important, dependent, relevant
-ed	Having the quality of	Bored, interested, fascinated
-ic	Quality, relation	Generic, archaic, idealistic, historic
-ing	Referring to an activity	Boring, interesting, fascinating
-ish	Having the character of, about, almost	Newish, reddish
-ful	Having a characteristic	Helpful, colorful, useful
-less	Without, missing	Worthless, careless, useless, hopeless
-ous	Having the quality of, relating to	Adventurous, courageous, advantageous
-ive	Having the quality of	Festive, cooperative, sensitive

Thus, suffixes can determine the word’s part of speech. Certain suffixes make the base or root word a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. For example, if you know suffixes that are typical for adjectives you will easily differentiate the adjectives from other parts of speech or determine the meaning of a word:

• history (noun) – historic (adjective)
• hopeful (giving hope) – hopeless (without hope)

Note: Some words can be two parts of speech. This is true for words that end in ‘-ed’ and ‘-ing’, such as ‘bored‘ and ‘boring‘. In the first and third sentences below, the words are verbs, while in the others they are adjectives. In the second sentence, ‘bored’ describes the person ´I´, and in the last sentence ‘boring’ describes the word ´subject´.

• His lecture bored the class so everyone fell asleep.
• I was so bored in his class that I fell asleep.
• You are boring me with all this information about insects.
• This is a very boring subject.

Here’s an interesting video about how to use adjectives with suffixes ‘-ing’ and ‘-ed’ correctly:

Prefixes to form adjectives

Prefixes go at the beginning of words.

The most common adjective prefixes and their meaning:

Prefix	Meaning	Examples
il-, im-, ir-, in-	Not/opposite of	Illegal, Illegible, imperfect, impolite, irrelevant, irrational, inconvenient, inactive
un-	Not/opposite of	Unusual, unhappy, uninterested, unpleasant
dis-	Not/opposite of	Dishonest, disloyal, dissimilar, disabled
ultra-, super-, -hyper-	Extreme	Ultra-compact, ultrasound, hyperactive
inter-	Between	International, interdisciplinary
trans-	Across	Transatlantic, transmarine

• I cannot read anything she writes; her writing is illegible.
• Companies don’t like to work with dishonest employees.  

Spelling rules for il-, im-, ir-, in-

1. Use ‘il-’ for words starting with ‘l’, such as legal (illegal) and legible (illegible).
2. Use ‘ir-’ for words starting with ‘r’, such as relevant (irrelevant) and rational (irrational).  
3. Use ‘im-’ for words starting with ‘m’ or ‘p’, such as mature (immature) and polite (impolite). 
4. For other adjectives, use ‘in-’, such as convenient (inconvenient) and active (inactive).

Note: Not all prefixes can go on all words, so it is important to use your dictionary to help you learn which prefixes are used with which words.

In this video from Shaw English Online, you’ll see how different adjectives are formed using prefixes and suffixes:

Read more on this topic:

How to Form Adverbs

Verb Formation: Common Prefixes and Suffixes

Noun Formation: Common Prefixes

Noun Formation: Common Suffixes