Make word combinations using a word from each box two words can be used twice - Word и Excel

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH IN USE FOR MEDICINE

25. MENTAL ILLNESS

Psychiatric disorders

Psychiatric disorders can be divided
into organic and functional. Dementia is a mental disorder due to organic brain
disease. The commonest form of dementia is that associated with old age; senile dementia. Disorders in which there is
no obvious pathology or anatomical change in an organ termed functional. These are described below.

Substance
abuse

Abuse of a substance means using it
in a way that is harmful. The commonest forms of substance abuse are alcoholism and drug abuse.

Affective
disorders

Here
is an
extract from a medical textbook

Neurotic
and stress related disorders

An example of neurotic disorders is obsessive compulsive disorder. An obsession is an idea that is so persistent that it
interferes with the patient’s life. A compulsion is an obsessive
idea that forces the patient to act even though they recognize that it is
unnecessary. A common form of this compulsive washing of the hands. Stress is a feeling of being unable to
cope. It can lead to anxiety or fear of problems. A sudden attack of anxiety is
called a panic attack.

Other
types of functional disorder

These include:

1	behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbance (such as eating disorders)
2	disorders of adult personality and behaviour (for example, personality disorder)
3	mental retardation – delayed mental development
4	schizophrenia and other disorders in which there are delusions (false beliefs)

25.1

Complete the table with words from A,
B, C, D and E opposite.

Noun	Adjective
	affective
	anxious
	behavioural
	demented
	disturbed
	suicidal

25.2

Make word combinations using a word
from each box. Two words can be used twice. Look at B, C, and E opposite to

behavioural

eating

major

mental

personality

psychomotor

sleep

substance

abuse

disturbance

retardation

disorder

depression

syndrome

25.3

Complete the sentences. Look at A, B,
C, D and E opposite to help you

1	The way a person behaves in his or her ___________
2	A persistent emotional state is a ___________
3	A sudden attack of anxiety is a ___________
4	The form of dementia associated with ageing is called ___________
5	A disorder which is not associated with pathological changes is ___________
6	An idea which forces a patient to repeat unnecessary actions is a ___________

25.4

Which symptoms of depression was the
patient suffering from? Look at C opposite to help you

Case 41

A 56-year-old woman presented
to her GP complaining of increasing tiredness over the past few months. She
had lost interest in most things. She was sleeping poorly and tended to
wake up early, but denied any suicidal tendencies. She was thirsty and was
passing urine more often. She was eating normally and her weight was
steady.

ANSWER KEY

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Marketing
ethics

Social
marketing

Social
marketing is the use of marketing techniques to convince people to
change their

behaviour for their own good or for the benefit of
society. Encouraging smokers to stop

smoking or persuading
people to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables are examples. The

aim
of social marketing is to minimize social problems such as crime or
poverty.

Corporate
social responsibility (CSR)

The
advantages for a company of being socially responsible — that is,
taking positive

actions for the benefit of its staff and
society as a whole — include enhanced brand image,

and greater
ease in attracting staff. There are different ways for a company to
show

corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Cause
related marketing (CRM) is when a company donates money to a
charity, a

non-profit organization or a good cause, such as
UNICEF or Oxfam. The brand is then

associated with the
charity. For example, a US non-profit wild cat sanctuary, Big
Cat

Rescue, wants to create a marketing partnership with
another organization:

Big
Cat Rescue is looking for the right corporate
partner for
a mutually

beneficial
cause
related marketing campaign. We need financial donations
to
be

able to afford to make our good work more effective. Today
most of this funding

comes
from private individuals. We are looking for a corporate partner
that

shares
our principles and values.

Note:
The
abbreviation CRM
also
refers to Customer Relationship Management — see Unit 23.

Green
marketing is the development and distribution of eco-friendly, or
environmentally

friendly, goods — for example, washing powder
that is not harmful to the environment.

6
degrees.ca is a Canadian web-based forum that promotes green
marketing and environmental

protection:

6
degrees.ca believes that if a business is behaving in an ethical
or
moral way then

they will contribute to environmental
sustainability. Sustainable development is

development
that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of
future

generations to meet their needs. Responsible citizens
are aware of environmental

concerns
such
as global warming, and act to protect
the environment.

Responsible
purchasing is another way that a company can build or maintain a
good

reputation. Companies can refuse to buy materials or goods
made using child labour

or that have been tested on animals. As
well as showing concern for human rights and

animal testing, a
company can implement a policy of sustainable purchasing and only
buy

products that come from renewable sources.

Professional
English in Use Marketing

animal		beneficial
donate		money
environmental		problems
mutually		purchasing
responsible		responsible
social		sustainability
socially		testing

Complete
the texts describing examples of CSR. Then decide whether the
companies are

involved in CRM, green marketing or social
marketing. Look at A and B opposite to help

you.

In
2008, we are proud to continue our

marketing
(1) with the

Arlette
Foundation. We will promote the

) in
our stores and we

will
sell a range of products displaying

the charity’s distinctive
logo.

For
each product sold, we will

) money
to the Arlette

Foundation,
with a minimum

) of
£250,000. We are

committed
to being (5)

responsible.

The
Push Play campaign in New Zealand has

successfully
(6) New Zealanders to

do
more exercise. The campaign aimed to limit

the twin epidemics
of obesity and diabetes,

(7) problems
now affecting

countries
worldwide.

CASE
STUDY: Woody
Pens — Designed for the

Environment

Instead
of making its pens from plastic, Good kind

Pen Company uses
wood scraps from local furniture

makers, and its pens are
designed to be refillable.

By
carefully designing its product to be eco-

) and
of high quality, it is mutually
) for
the environment and the

consumer.
Goodkind has made a product with a

super-green profile and, in
the process, enjoys a high

level of satisfaction from
environmentally conscious

consumers and companies with a
responsible

) policy.
Goodkind embraces

environmental
(11)

Complete
the table with words from A and B opposite and related forms. Put a
stress

mark in front of the stressed syllable in each word.
The first one has been done for you.

Noun	Adjective	Adverb
en’vironment
		responsibly
society		socially
		sustainably

Over
to you

Think
about the brands you buy. How does ethical marketing influence your
purchasing

decisions?

Professional
English in Use Marketing

The
market environment

The
micro environment

Learnmarketing.net
provides information for marketing students. Its website says
the

following about the micro environment:

The
following factors have a direct impact on the company and its
stakeholders: consumers,

employees, shareholders and suppliers.
The company has an influence over these factors.

consumers	A company must understand consumer needs and meet them.
competitors	You must differentiate your brand from your competitors’.
employees	Employing the right people and keeping them motivated is essential. Training and development play a key role in the service sector.
media	Positive or adverse (negative) media attention can seriously affect an organization. Consumer programmes on TV and consumer magazines that people read have a powerful effect on the marketplace.
shareholders	It is important to satisfy shareholders’ needs without harming the brand in the long term.
suppliers	Changes in the price or quality of raw materials — for example wood, or metals — will affect the marketing mix. Good relations with suppliers will make business easier.

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Jovanny Mancera
Milena Espinosa
Andres Franco
Paola Marcela Feo

15.1 Find words in A opposite with the following meanings.

1. The ability to sell an asset for cash. = RTA: LIQUIDITY

2. How well a business uses its assets. = RTA: EFFICIENCY

3. The relationship between two figures .= RTA: FINANCIAL RATIOS

4. How easily a business can pay bills or debts when they are due. = RTA: SOLVENCY

15.2 Make word combinations using a word from each box. One word can be used twice. Then use the word combinations to complete the sentences below. Look at B and C, opposite to help you.

- Acid
- Current
- Dividend
- Liquid
- Quick
Assets
Cover
Ratio
Test

1. CURRENT RATIOS consist of cash and things that can be casily sold and converted.

2. A high DIVIDEND COVER shows that the company is retaining a lot of money belonging.

3. The QUICK RATIO or ACID TEST doesn`t count stock or inventory because this might be difficult or impossible to turn into cash.

4. The ACID TEST shows a company`s ability to pay its shorr-term debts.

15.3 Match the two parts of the sentences. Look ar B and C Opposite to help you.

RESPUESTAS: 1 Y b

2 y d

3 y a

4 y c

1. If a company pays out retained surpluses from past years.(b)

2. Some investors are worried that the new stock issue. (d)

3. A high current ratio indicates short-term financial strength but. (a)

4. Wall Street is on a historic price-earnings ratio of around 35, which. (c)

a) It does not measure how efficiently the company is utilizing its resources.(3)

b) Its dividend cover will fall below 1.0.(1)

c) Makes the market very expensive, as the long-term average is 14.45.(4)

d) Will dilute the company`s earnings per share. (2)

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Our group is composed by:

JENNIFFER ASTRID COLLAZOS CRUZ
JOHN EMERSON TORRES VANEGAS
JENNIFFER CERON CORREA

THE BALANCE SHEET 1

11.1 Are the following statements true or false? Find reasons for your answers in A and B opposite.

1. British and American balance sheets show the same information, but arranged differently

This sentence is true, American companies show the assets to the left and the liabilities and capital on the right. In Britain companies use a vertical format, assets are up and liabilities and capital down.

2. The revenue of the company in past year is shown on the balance sheet

This sentence is false; the revenue of the company is shown in the statement “the profit and loss account”

3. The two sides or halves of a balance sheet always have the same total.

Is true, the side in where is the total of assets must be same to the total of liabilities and the capital.

4. The balance sheets gives information on how much money the company has receives from sales of shares.

Yes, in the balance sheet shown the sales of shares, because this item is part of the capital account and in this financial statement shown the assets accounts, liabilities accounts and capital accounts.

5. The assets total is always the same as the liabilities total.

No, the assets total must same to the liabilities total and the shareholders’ equity.

6. The balance sheet tells you how much money the company owes.

Yes, the balance sheet shown how much money the company owes, this is in the liabilities accounts.

11.2 Complete the sentences. Look at A and B opposite to help you

1. SUPPLIERS are companies that provide other companies with materials, components, etc.

2. RETAINED EARNINGS are profits that the company has not distributed to shareholders

3. ASSETS are things a company owns and uses in its business

4. LIABILITIES consist of everything a company owes

5. SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY’S consist of money belonging to a company’s owners

11.3 Make word combinations using a word from each box. Then use word combinations to complete the sentences below. Look at A and B opposite to help you

1. We retain a lot of our profits because we don’t distribute any of our earnings to the shareholders

2. Most businesses have customers who owe money, because they grant the 30 or 60 days credit

3. We have a lot of liabilities that we’ll have to pay later this year

THE BALANCE SHEET 2: ASSETS

12.1 Find words and expressions in A, B and C opposite with the following meanings.

1. An amount of money that is owed but probably won’t be paid

In this case, the company must make a provision: that is, deducting the amount of the debt from the year’s profits.

2. The accounting value of a company (assets minus liabilities)

A going concern should be worth more on the stock exchange than simply its net worth or net assets: assets minus liabilities

3. A legal right to produce and sell a newly invented product for a certain period of time

Intangible assets include exclusive rights to produce a particular new product for a fixed period.

4. The historical cost of an asset minus depreciation charges.

Tangible assets are generally recorded at their historical cost less accumulated depreciation charges, the amount of their cost that has already been deducted form profits

5. The amount company pays for another one, in excess of the net value of its assets

if a company buys another one at above its net worth — because of its intangible assets — the difference in price is recorded under assts in the balance sheet as goodwill.

6. A legally protected word, phrase, symbol or design used to identify a product

Intangible assets include brand names or symbols, legally protected, for can’t be used by other company.

7. To accept that a debt will not be paid

if a company thinks a debt will not be paid, it has to anticipate the loss.

8. To deduct money from profits because of debts that will not be paid

It will write off, or abandon, the sum as a bad debt, and make provisions by charging, a corresponding amount against profits: that is, deducting the amount of the debt from the year’s profits

9. Products that are not complete ready for sale

Generally, this products are valued at the lower of cost of market, which means whichever figure is lower.

10. The amount of money owed by customers who have bought goods but not yet paid for them

Debtors are companies or people who owe money they will have to pay in the near future.

12.2 Match the two parts of the sentences. Look at A,B and C opposite to help you

1. A company’s value on the stock exchange is nearly always higher than the value of its net assets

2. Brand names, trade marks, patents, customers, and qualified staff are examples of intangible assets

3. Cash, money owed by customers, and inventory are current assets

4. Companies record inventory at the cost of buying of making the items of the current market price, whichever is lower

5. Companies write off bad debs, and make provisions by deducting the amount from profits

6. Land, buildings, factories and equipment are examples of tangibles, fixed assets.

12.3 Sort the following into current, fixed and intangible assets. Look at A and C opposite to help you

1. Current assets

a. Debtors

b. Cash in the bank

c. Stock

d. investments

2. Fixed assets

a. Land

b. Builidings

3. Intangible assets

a. Reputation

b. Goodwill

c. Human Capital

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Make word combinations with the words from the two boxes.

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