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PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH IN USE FOR MEDICINE

8. Allied health professionals

A	Community health The health of the community depends on a large number of people other than medical practitioners and nurses. These can be grouped under the heading of allied health professionals. They include the following: · Physiotherapists (physios) help people to move by getting them to do exercises or by treating their body with heat or massage – treatment by manipulating muscles and joints with the hands. · Occupational therapists (OTs) help people with a disability to perform tasks at home and at work. A disability is a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult to live normally, for example blindness or deafness. · Social workers help people to solve their social problems – for example poor housing or unemployment – or family problems. · Chiropodists, also known as podiatrists, treat conditions affecting the feet.
B	Technicians There are numerous technicians – people who work with scientific equipment – such as radiographers, who are known as X-ray technicians. Ambulance technicians work in the emergency medicine service. An ambulance technician with more advanced qualifications is called a paramedic.
C	Prosthetists and orthotists Prosthetists and orthotists provide care for anyone who needs an artificial limb, (a prosthesis), or a device to support or control part of the body (an orthosis). They also advise on rehabilitation – helping patients return to normal life and work after treatment. Prosthetists provide artificial replacements for patients who have had an amputation or were born without a limb. Orthotists provide a range of splints and other devices to aid movement, correct deformity from an abnormal development of part of the body, for example club foot (talipes), and relieve pain.
D	Opticians Opticians test eyesight and prescribe glasses – also known as spectacles – and contact lenses, when necessary. The examination includes measuring intraocular pressure— the pressure of fluid inside the eye – and examining the retina. If the optician suspects an eye disease, such as glaucoma, they refer the patient to their GP for treatment. The GP may then refer the patient to an ophthalmologist, a doctor who specializes in diseases of the eye.

8.1

Make word combination using a word from
each box. Look at A, B, C and D opposite to help you.

8.2

Which allied health professionals could
best help the following people? Look at A, B, C, and D opposite to help you.

1	a young woman unmarried woman who has just had a baby.
2	a woman who is having difficulty using her right arm following a fracture.
3	someone needs glasses.
4	an elderly woman sho has had a below knee amputation.
5	a man whose wife has Alzheimer’s disease.
6	a man with fungal infection of his feet

8.3

Complete the texts. Look A and C
opposite to help you.

A prosthetist works with patients of
all ages as a member of a clinical team, based at a large hospital. The patients
may need a prosthesis as the result of an accident, or (1)_______________
following a disease such as diabetes. Alternatively they may have been born
without (2)_______________. Orthotists work alongside doctors, nurses,

Over
to you

Answer key

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5.1. Are the following statements true or false? Find reason for your answers in A and B opposite.

1. In case of a legal dispute, people can take a company’s shareholders to court ( T)

A company has separate legal existence from its owners. It con enter in to contract and con be sued or taken to court.

2. The owners of limited companies have to pay all the company’s debts(F)

A company has separate legal existence from its owners.

3. Many companies are not owned by their managers (T)

Managers run the company for its owners sometimes.

4. External directors can usually give more objective than full-time directors (T)

Non — executive directors are often more objective: less influenced by their opinions and beliefs.

5. Partners in British and American businesses are not liable for the partnership’s debts. ( F ).

The partner are fully liable or responsible for any debt the business has.

6. In case of a dispute, people can take British companies and partnerships to court (F).

Because they are not legal entities In case of a legal is the induvidual partner and not the partnership that is talked to court.

5.2. Make word combinations using a word from each box. Then match the word combinations to the definitions below. Look at A opposite to help you.

Corporate                                                Committee
Audit                                                        Directors
Limited                                                     Governance
Non-executive                                          Capital
Share                                                        Liability

Audit Committee:

a group of directors to whom the external auditors present their report.

2. Non-executive directors: members of a board of directors who are not full-time managers of the company.

3. share capital: owners`money invested in a company.

4. limited liability: responsibility for debts up to the value of the company’s share capital.

5. corporate governance: the way a company is managed for its owners.

5.3. Complete the document. Look at C opposite to help you.

(a).

Articles

of Association.

1. The name of the Company is Language Services Pty Limited

2. The (b) location of the Company will be in Australia.

3. The (c)

objective

for which the Company is established is to provide translation and interpreting services to international companies.

4. The (d)

authorized share capital

of the company is made up of ordinary shares divided into five thousand (5.000) shares of A $ 1.00 par value each with one vote for each share.

BY… LUCIA ALCALA AND MARIA CABALLERO

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Our group is composed by:

JENNIFFER ASTRID COLLAZOS CRUZ
JOHN EMERSON TORRES VANEGAS
JENNIFFER CERON CORREA

THE BALANCE SHEET 1

11.1 Are the following statements true or false? Find reasons for your answers in A and B opposite.

1. British and American balance sheets show the same information, but arranged differently

This sentence is true, American companies show the assets to the left and the liabilities and capital on the right. In Britain companies use a vertical format, assets are up and liabilities and capital down.

2. The revenue of the company in past year is shown on the balance sheet

This sentence is false; the revenue of the company is shown in the statement “the profit and loss account”

3. The two sides or halves of a balance sheet always have the same total.

Is true, the side in where is the total of assets must be same to the total of liabilities and the capital.

4. The balance sheets gives information on how much money the company has receives from sales of shares.

Yes, in the balance sheet shown the sales of shares, because this item is part of the capital account and in this financial statement shown the assets accounts, liabilities accounts and capital accounts.

5. The assets total is always the same as the liabilities total.

No, the assets total must same to the liabilities total and the shareholders’ equity.

6. The balance sheet tells you how much money the company owes.

Yes, the balance sheet shown how much money the company owes, this is in the liabilities accounts.

11.2 Complete the sentences. Look at A and B opposite to help you

1. SUPPLIERS are companies that provide other companies with materials, components, etc.

2. RETAINED EARNINGS are profits that the company has not distributed to shareholders

3. ASSETS are things a company owns and uses in its business

4. LIABILITIES consist of everything a company owes

5. SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY’S consist of money belonging to a company’s owners

11.3 Make word combinations using a word from each box. Then use word combinations to complete the sentences below. Look at A and B opposite to help you

1. We retain a lot of our profits because we don’t distribute any of our earnings to the shareholders

2. Most businesses have customers who owe money, because they grant the 30 or 60 days credit

3. We have a lot of liabilities that we’ll have to pay later this year

THE BALANCE SHEET 2: ASSETS

12.1 Find words and expressions in A, B and C opposite with the following meanings.

1. An amount of money that is owed but probably won’t be paid

In this case, the company must make a provision: that is, deducting the amount of the debt from the year’s profits.

2. The accounting value of a company (assets minus liabilities)

A going concern should be worth more on the stock exchange than simply its net worth or net assets: assets minus liabilities

3. A legal right to produce and sell a newly invented product for a certain period of time

Intangible assets include exclusive rights to produce a particular new product for a fixed period.

4. The historical cost of an asset minus depreciation charges.

Tangible assets are generally recorded at their historical cost less accumulated depreciation charges, the amount of their cost that has already been deducted form profits

5. The amount company pays for another one, in excess of the net value of its assets

if a company buys another one at above its net worth — because of its intangible assets — the difference in price is recorded under assts in the balance sheet as goodwill.

6. A legally protected word, phrase, symbol or design used to identify a product

Intangible assets include brand names or symbols, legally protected, for can’t be used by other company.

7. To accept that a debt will not be paid

if a company thinks a debt will not be paid, it has to anticipate the loss.

8. To deduct money from profits because of debts that will not be paid

It will write off, or abandon, the sum as a bad debt, and make provisions by charging, a corresponding amount against profits: that is, deducting the amount of the debt from the year’s profits

9. Products that are not complete ready for sale

Generally, this products are valued at the lower of cost of market, which means whichever figure is lower.

10. The amount of money owed by customers who have bought goods but not yet paid for them

Debtors are companies or people who owe money they will have to pay in the near future.

12.2 Match the two parts of the sentences. Look at A,B and C opposite to help you

1. A company’s value on the stock exchange is nearly always higher than the value of its net assets

2. Brand names, trade marks, patents, customers, and qualified staff are examples of intangible assets

3. Cash, money owed by customers, and inventory are current assets

4. Companies record inventory at the cost of buying of making the items of the current market price, whichever is lower

5. Companies write off bad debs, and make provisions by deducting the amount from profits

6. Land, buildings, factories and equipment are examples of tangibles, fixed assets.

12.3 Sort the following into current, fixed and intangible assets. Look at A and C opposite to help you

1. Current assets

a. Debtors

b. Cash in the bank

c. Stock

d. investments

2. Fixed assets

a. Land

b. Builidings

3. Intangible assets

a. Reputation

b. Goodwill

c. Human Capital

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Marketing
ethics

Social
marketing

Social
marketing is the use of marketing techniques to convince people to
change their

behaviour for their own good or for the benefit of
society. Encouraging smokers to stop

smoking or persuading
people to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables are examples. The

aim
of social marketing is to minimize social problems such as crime or
poverty.

Corporate
social responsibility (CSR)

The
advantages for a company of being socially responsible — that is,
taking positive

actions for the benefit of its staff and
society as a whole — include enhanced brand image,

and greater
ease in attracting staff. There are different ways for a company to
show

corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Cause
related marketing (CRM) is when a company donates money to a
charity, a

non-profit organization or a good cause, such as
UNICEF or Oxfam. The brand is then

associated with the
charity. For example, a US non-profit wild cat sanctuary, Big
Cat

Rescue, wants to create a marketing partnership with
another organization:

Big
Cat Rescue is looking for the right corporate
partner for
a mutually

beneficial
cause
related marketing campaign. We need financial donations
to
be

able to afford to make our good work more effective. Today
most of this funding

comes
from private individuals. We are looking for a corporate partner
that

shares
our principles and values.

Note:
The
abbreviation CRM
also
refers to Customer Relationship Management — see Unit 23.

Green
marketing is the development and distribution of eco-friendly, or
environmentally

friendly, goods — for example, washing powder
that is not harmful to the environment.

6
degrees.ca is a Canadian web-based forum that promotes green
marketing and environmental

protection:

6
degrees.ca believes that if a business is behaving in an ethical
or
moral way then

they will contribute to environmental
sustainability. Sustainable development is

development
that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of
future

generations to meet their needs. Responsible citizens
are aware of environmental

concerns
such
as global warming, and act to protect
the environment.

Responsible
purchasing is another way that a company can build or maintain a
good

reputation. Companies can refuse to buy materials or goods
made using child labour

or that have been tested on animals. As
well as showing concern for human rights and

animal testing, a
company can implement a policy of sustainable purchasing and only
buy

products that come from renewable sources.

Professional
English in Use Marketing

animal		beneficial
donate		money
environmental		problems
mutually		purchasing
responsible		responsible
social		sustainability
socially		testing

Complete
the texts describing examples of CSR. Then decide whether the
companies are

involved in CRM, green marketing or social
marketing. Look at A and B opposite to help

you.

In
2008, we are proud to continue our

marketing
(1) with the

Arlette
Foundation. We will promote the

) in
our stores and we

will
sell a range of products displaying

the charity’s distinctive
logo.

For
each product sold, we will

) money
to the Arlette

Foundation,
with a minimum

) of
£250,000. We are

committed
to being (5)

responsible.

The
Push Play campaign in New Zealand has

successfully
(6) New Zealanders to

do
more exercise. The campaign aimed to limit

the twin epidemics
of obesity and diabetes,

(7) problems
now affecting

countries
worldwide.

CASE
STUDY: Woody
Pens — Designed for the

Environment

Instead
of making its pens from plastic, Good kind

Pen Company uses
wood scraps from local furniture

makers, and its pens are
designed to be refillable.

By
carefully designing its product to be eco-

) and
of high quality, it is mutually
) for
the environment and the

consumer.
Goodkind has made a product with a

super-green profile and, in
the process, enjoys a high

level of satisfaction from
environmentally conscious

consumers and companies with a
responsible

) policy.
Goodkind embraces

environmental
(11)

Complete
the table with words from A and B opposite and related forms. Put a
stress

mark in front of the stressed syllable in each word.
The first one has been done for you.

Noun	Adjective	Adverb
en’vironment
		responsibly
society		socially
		sustainably

Over
to you

Think
about the brands you buy. How does ethical marketing influence your
purchasing

decisions?

Professional
English in Use Marketing

The
market environment

The
micro environment

Learnmarketing.net
provides information for marketing students. Its website says
the

following about the micro environment:

The
following factors have a direct impact on the company and its
stakeholders: consumers,

employees, shareholders and suppliers.
The company has an influence over these factors.

consumers	A company must understand consumer needs and meet them.
competitors	You must differentiate your brand from your competitors’.
employees	Employing the right people and keeping them motivated is essential. Training and development play a key role in the service sector.
media	Positive or adverse (negative) media attention can seriously affect an organization. Consumer programmes on TV and consumer magazines that people read have a powerful effect on the marketplace.
shareholders	It is important to satisfy shareholders’ needs without harming the brand in the long term.
suppliers	Changes in the price or quality of raw materials — for example wood, or metals — will affect the marketing mix. Good relations with suppliers will make business easier.

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¡Descarga UNIT 44.1 Complete the table with words from C above. Put y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! UNIT 4 4.1 Complete the table with words from C above. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed syllable in each word. The first one has been done for you. Noun Adjective Ex’haustion — exhausted Fa’tigue — exhausted ’Lethargy — worn out Tired’ness — tired 4.2 Make word combinations using a word from each column. Look at A, B and C above to help you. complain of / off- colour / out of sorts / present with / put on / worn out 4.3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb present. 1 — A 67-year-old man PRESENTED with a 9-month history of increasing shortness of breath. 2 — The most common PRESENTATION is loss of consciousness. 3 – Cranial arteritis may PRESENT as fever without any obvious causes. 4 – The patient usually PRESENTS with a severe sore throat. 6 – Other conditions with a similar PRESENTATION incluye acute colecistitis. 7 – Reduced growth is an important PRESENTING complaint of coeliac disease. 8 – Two months following PRESENTATION, the patient was able to walk. 4.4 Read the patient’s description of her symptoms, then complete the case report. Look at C above to help you. Case 13 A 50-year-old housewife, who had been well until tour months previously, (1)COMPLAINED of tiredness and (2) FATIGUE. She had (3) PUT ON 9 kg in weight in the year before she (4) PRESENTED to her GP although she denied eating more than usual. She was (5) FEELING OFF-COLOUR and she noticed that her hair has started to fall out. 4.5. Write a short case report about this 60-year-old man: A 60-year-old man, who hasn´t presented any pain in the last ten years, is complaining his eye is itchy and tearful. He can´t stop scratching it and it looks quite irritated. The patients also claims the pain started when he was in the countryside. He thinks he is allergic to dust. Write in the past tense and use medical terms for the underlined expressions. I hadn´t been well for several months now. I felt completely tired after doing anything. I lost my appetite and I decreased in weight. UNIT 5 5.1 Find words in the box with opposite meanings. Look at B and C above to help you. adequate — inadequate unlikely — likely mild — rare common – sudden for — against severe — insidious 5.2 Make word combinations using a word from each column. Look at B and C above to help you. Bone marrow Differential diagnosis Insidious onset Iron deficiency Pernicious anaemia Progressively increasing Vibration sense 5.3 Complete the sentences. Look at A, B and C above to help you. 1 – A 39 – year – old man presented with a history of acute abdominal distension over a period of six months. 2 – Blindness may be caused by vitamin A defiency. 3 – The bleeding and purpura are caused by abnormal platelet function. 4 – The white cell count is normal so we can have acute leukameia. 5 – The yellow colour of her skin and conjunctivae is probably due to anaemia. 6 – There was a abdominal mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. 7 – Treatment is aimed at restoring fluid balance with … intravenous fluids. 8 – The anaemia may be due to increased red cell destruction. 5.4 Complete the conversation. Look at C above to help you. Professor: What is against the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia on physical examination? Student: The problem started quite suddenly. So it didn’t have the typical (1) symptoms. He doesn´t have any skin (2) pallor and he doesn´t have (3) symmetrical paraesthesiae, or absent (4) vibration sense, and I couldn’t feel his spleen. Professor: What about his tongue?

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