Make sentence with word passive

Пассивный залог в английском языке (Passive Voice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, которые являются в предложении подлежащими,  испытывают действие на себе. Например: «Этот торт был испечен Майком». — «This cake was baked by Mike».

Пассивный залог ставится в тех случаях, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несущественен, или когда совершенное им и его результат интереснее его самого. Может использоваться во временах группы Perfect Continuous и времени Future Continuous.

Ниже в таблицах приведены примеры английских предложений во всех временах группы Perfect Continuous и в Future Continuous с переводом на русский язык.

10 предложений в Present Simple Passive

10 предложений в Present Continuous Passive

10 предложений в Present Perfect Passive

10 предложений в Past Simple Passive

10 предложений в Past Continuous Passive

10 предложений в Past Perfect Passive

10 предложений в Future Simple Passive

В этой статье мы изучим правила образования пассивного залога в английском языке, а также на примерах разберемся в каких случаях он используется.

Далеко не всегда мы можем уточнить, кто выполняет действие, а порой нам это и вовсе не нужно. В таких случаях уместно употреблять пассивный или страдательный залог, который в английском языке называют passive voice. Давайте разберем, что такое passive voice и правила его образования, а затем рассмотрим случаи его употребления.

Образование passive voice

В английском языке существует два залога — активный (active voice) и пассивный или страдательный (passive voice). В активном залоге действие выполняет подлежащее. В пассивном залоге действие происходит над подлежащим. Давайте сравним:

Mary cleans the office every morning. — Мэри убирает офис каждое утро. (активный залог)

Подлежащее (Мэри) выполняет действие (убирает).

The office is cleaned every morning. — Офис убирают каждое утро. (пассивный залог)

Неизвестно, кто выполняет действие. Подлежащее (офис) подвергается действию (его убирают).

She asked her students to come earlier. — Она попросила студентов прийти раньше. (активный залог)
The students were asked to come earlier. — Студентов попросили прийти раньше. (пассивный залог)

Страдательный залог в английском языке образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be и смыслового глагола в третьей форме. На месте подлежащего в утвердительных предложениях будет стоять человек или предмет, над которым будет производиться действие. Посмотрите на схеме ниже, как активный залог можно преобразовать в пассивный.

Образование пассивного залога в разных временах представлено в таблице ниже. Времена группы Perfect Continuous, а также Future Continuous в пассивном залоге не используются.

Для образования отрицательной формы пассивного залога необходима частица not. Ставим ее после вспомогательного глагола. Если вспомогательных глаголов несколько, ставим not после первого.

I left my camera on the bench and it was not stolen! — Я забыл камеру на лавочке, и ее не украли!
The car has not been transported yet. — Машину еще не перевезли.

Чтобы задать вопрос в пассивном залоге, необходимо поставить вспомогательный глагол на первое место.

Will the meeting be held next week? — Встречу проведут на следующей неделе?
Was the match canceled because of the weather? — Матч отменили из-за погоды?

Если есть необходимость указать, кем выполняется действие, в конце предложения ставим предлог by + того, кто выполняет действие.

The book was written by an unknown author. — Книга была написана неизвестным автором.
You will never be disappointed by your loyal employees. — Ты никогда не будешь разочарован своими верными сотрудниками.

Разобраться в сложной грамматической теме вам поможет один из наших опытных преподавателей.

Случаи использования passive voice

1. Когда тот, кто выполняет действие, неизвестен, неважен или очевиден. Действие важнее того, кто его совершает.

   My project for English literature is ruined! Who did it? — Мой проект по английской литературе испорчен! Кто это сделал?
   Your delegation will be met at the airport. You will see a card with your name. — Вашу делегацию встретят в аэропорту. Вы увидите карточку с вашим именем.
   You may go to your room. Your suitcase will be taken there in a minute. — Вы можете проходить в свою комнату. Ваш чемодан принесут туда через минуту.

2. Когда описываем действие в новостях, заголовках, рекламных объявлениях.

   The local shop was robbed this morning. — Местный магазин ограбили этим утром.
   A big discount will be provided for the first ten customers. — Большая скидка будет предоставлена первым десяти покупателям.

3. Когда описываем общие факты, идеи, мнения.

   Quentin Tarantino is known all around the world. — Квентина Тарантино знают по всему миру.
   His picture was described as the best artwork of the past year. — Его картина была описана, как лучшая работа прошедшего года.

4. Когда хотим сделать высказывание более вежливым или формальным.

   Have you cancelled the meeting? — Ты отменил встречу? (прямой вопрос)
   Has the meeting been cancelled? — Встречу отменили? (более вежливый вопрос).

   You haven’t paid for electricity since January! — Вы не платите за электричество с января!
   The electricity hasn’t been paid for since January. — За электричество не платят с января.

Другие формы passive voice

Разберем, в каких еще формах и конструкциях можно употреблять страдательный залог.

1. Пассивный залог также используется в следующих вариантах:
   

   Форма	Формула	Пример
   Present Infinitive	to be + V3	She hopes to be invited to the party. — Она надеется, что ее пригласят на вечеринку. They expect the work to be done by the weekend. — Они ожидают, что работу закончат к выходным.
   Perfect Infinitive	to have been + V3	He pretended to have been given money. — Он притворился, что ему дали деньги. He was really surprised to have been granted a certificate. — Он был очень удивлен, что ему выдали сертификат.
   -ing form	being + V3	Nobody likes being treated badly. — Никому не нравится, когда с ним обращаются плохо. I hate being told what to do. — Я ненавижу, когда мне говорят, что делать.
   Perfect -ing form	having been + V3	They admitted having been told about that. — Они признали, что им это говорили. I don’t remember having been asked to help her. — Я не помню, чтобы меня просили ей помочь.
   Modals	must/can be + V3	This rule must be taken into consideration. — Это правило должно быть принято во внимание. It can be postponed till Tuesday. — Это можно отложить до вторника.

2. Глаголы to believe (верить, полагать), to expect (ожидать), to feel (чувствовать), to hope (надеяться), to know (знать), to say (говорить), to think (думать), to report (сообщать, докладывать), to understand (понимать, подразумевать) могут использоваться в пассивном залоге только в двух типах конструкций: impersonal construction, personal construction. Эти конструкции нужны, когда у нас нет необходимости ссылаться на мнение кого-то конкретного. Мы говорим об общеизвестных фактах, общем мнении.
   

   Название конструкции	Формула	Пример
   Impersonal construction	It + пассивный залог + that-clause	It is believed that they are from a very rich family. — Считается, что они из очень богатой семьи. It was expected that they would come on Friday. — Ожидалось, что они приедут в пятницу.
   Personal construction	Подлежащее + пассивный залог + to + infinitive	They are believed to be from a very rich family. — Считается, что они из очень богатой семьи. They were expected to come on Friday. — Ожидалось, что они приедут в пятницу.

   Давайте еще раз посмотрим, как из предложений в активном залоге образуются пассивные конструкции.

   People say Anna is a gossiper. — Люди говорят, что Анна — сплетница.
   It is said that Anna is a gossiper. — Говорят, что Анна — сплетница. (impersonal construction)
   Anna is said to be a gossiper. — Говорят, что Анна — сплетница. (personal construction)

   They know that Eric works for FBI. — Они знают, что Эрик работает на ФБР.
   It is known that Eric works for FBI. — Известно, что Эрик работает на ФБР. (impersonal construction)
   Eric is known to work for FBI. — Известно, что Эрик работает на ФБР. (personal construction)

3. Когда действие выполняет кто-то за нас или для нас, используется конструкция have something done. Как правило, речь может идти о предоставлении каких-либо услуг. Предложения с этой конструкцией строятся следующим образом:

   Подлежащее + have + дополнение + глагол в 3-ей форме

   I did my nails yesterday. — Я сделала маникюр вчера.
   I had my nails done yesterday. — Мне сделали маникюр вчера.

   His parents will build a house tree. — Его родители построят домик на дереве.
   They will have their tree house built. — Им построят домик на дереве.

   Эта конструкция может использоваться в разных временах. В зависимости от времени меняется вспомогательный глагол have.

   Время	Пример в активном залоге	Пример с конструкцией have something done
   Present Simple	She cleans my flat every weekend. — Она убирает мою квартиру каждые выходные.	I have my flat cleaned every weekend. — Мою квартиру убирают каждые выходные.
   Past Simple	I sent a parcel. — Я отправил посылку.	I had my parcel sent. — Мою посылку отправили.
   Future Simple	We will paint the kitchen. — Мы покрасим кухню.	We will have our kitchen painted. — Нам покрасят кухню.
   Present Continuous	They are repairing the road. — Они ремонтируют дорогу.	They are having the road repaired. — Им ремонтируют дорогу.
   Past Continuous	We were changing the wheel. — Мы меняли колесо.	We were having the wheel changed. — Нам меняли колесо.
   Future Continuous	I will be doing make-up. — Я буду делать макияж.	I will be having my make-up done. — Мне будут делать макияж.
   Present Perfect	Our neighbours have just built a fence. — Наши соседи только построили забор.	Our neighbours have just had the fence built. — Нашим соседям только построили забор.
   Present Perfect Continuous	I have been washing the car for two hours. — Я мою машину последние два часа.	I have been having the car washed for two hours. — Мне два часа моют машину.
   Past Perfect	He had stolen the wallet. — Он украл кошелек.	He had had his wallet stolen. — У него украли кошелек.
   Past Perfect Continuous	She had been sewing the dress. — Она шила платье.	She had been having the dress sewed. — Ей шили платье.

   В разговорной речи вспомогательный глагол have часто заменяют на get.

   I want to get my purchase delivered. — Я хочу, чтобы мою покупку доставили.
   He got the door installed. — Ему установили дверь.

Надеемся, наша статья была для вас полезной и вы разобрались в разных формах страдательного залога. Предлагаем пройти небольшой тест.

Grammar Time: Passive Voice

Let’s revise how to use passive voice with different tenses.

Exam in Mind Level B1

We can use passive voice with most tenses.

To change the tense of a passive sentence, you change the form of the verb ‘be‘. The main verb in a passive sentence is always in the past participle form (V3).

Using the Passive Voice with Different Tenses

It is uncommon to use the passive voice with the following tenses:

• Present Perfect Continous
• Future Continuous
• Future Perfect Continous
• Past Perfect Continous.

Have Practice Using Passive Voice with Different Tenses

Task 1. Make passive sentences using the word parts and the given tense.

1. The window – open (present perfect simple)
2. Her room – paint (past continuous)
3. He – take – to the airport. (present perfect simple)
4. The bike – repair – at the moment (present continuous)
5. The cows – feed – every morning (present simple)
6. The novel – write – a hundred years ago (past simple)
7. The food – must put – in the fridge (present simple)
8. A press conference – hold – tomorrow afternoon (future simple)
9. Our new house – just – finish (present perfect simple)
10. The thief – see – by the policeman (past perfect simple)
11. The story – often tell – by grandmother (present simple)
12. The package – send – by a good friend (past simple)
13. He – not see – for ages (present perfect simple)
14. My dad – off – a new job – later this week (future simple)
15. The church – not renovate – for two hundred years (present perfect simple)
16. Breakfast – serve – from 7 to 10 (present simple)

Task 2. Change sentences from active into passive voice. 

1. Sheila is drinking a cup of tea.
2. My father is washing the car.
3. Farmer Joe is milking the cows.
4. She is taking a picture of him.
5. I am writing a poem.
6. We are not playing football.
7. He is not wearing a tie.
8. Is she preparing the party?
9. Are they talking about the meeting?
10. Is she watering the flowers?

Task 3. Choose the one option a-d which best fits the space.

1. Concert tickets … at the box office.

a. being sold
b. are being sold
c. are be sold
d. are being selling

2. Following yesterday’s accident, three people are still … for minor injuries.

a. treated
b. being treating
c. treating
d. being treated

3. Your suit is not ready yet. It … right now.

a. is being cleaned
b. is being cleaning
c. is been cleaned
d. is cleaning

4. I could not use my car yesterday because it …

a. was being serviced
b. were being serviced
c. was being service
d. was been serviced

5. He left the room while the money …

a. has being collected
b. was been collected
c. was being collected
d. was being collecting

6. We couldn’t use the bathroom while it …

a. was been refitted
b. was being refitted
c. is being refitted
d. was refitting

Task 4. Use the passive voice to rewrite these sentences.

1. We haven’t checked your car yet. – Your car …
2. They have not done anything about it so far. – Nothing …
3. Someone has cut this tree with this saw.
4. Too many people have used the same methods.
5. My classmates have decorated our classroom.
6. Children have eaten all the biscuits.
7. Property developers have bought this land.
8. They haven’t asked us to give them a hand.
9. Charities in this country have done a lot of good work.
10. They haven’t built the new bridge yet.

Task 5.  Active or passive? Choose the correct form.

1. Paul has been bit / has been bitten by a dog.
2. Turn it off. Sue and Jill has been scared / have been scared to death.
3. I’m afraid we have been stopped / have stopped by a a traffic warden.
4. My sister has annoyed / has been annoyed with me since I was born.
5. We have already given / have already been given it to Liz.
6. I’ll work in Dover. I have been offered / have offered a job by Derek.
7. There’s nothing left. All the goods has been sold / have been sold.
8. Look at that. The horse has been hit by / with a stick.
9. The new scyscraper has grown / has been grown taller than the old one.
10. Our teacher has been ordered / has ordered us to come on time.
11. It’s OK. The dinner has been paid by / with Matt.
12. Oh, no! I have been woken up / have woken up by your alarm-clock.

Task 6. Rewrite the sentences and make them passive. Use passive voice with different tenses.

1. They will send you the boxes next week.
2. Coca Cola has sponsored this programme.
3. The manager has locked the door.
4. After they had shut the doors nobody could get in.
5. The organizers of the event welcomed the president.
6. They are inviting hundreds of guests to the opening of the new theatre.
7. Los Angeles will host the 2028 Olympic Games.
8. The farmer milks the cows twice a day.
9. Everyone went to bed after they had switched off the lights.
10. Stephen Spielberg is directing a major action film at the moment.
11. The local authorities have cut down three trees in our street.
12. They serve lunch from 12 to 2.
13. When I got there, they were paving the road.
14. The referee will stop the match if the weather gets worse.
15. Mom hasn’t washed my jeans since October.

Task 7. Make the sentences passive. Use passive voice with different tenses.

1. They don’t expect you to win the match.
2. He will finish the puzzle by tomorrow.
3. The judge has sentenced many criminals in his career.
4. Millions of people around the world love football.
5. They are tearing down the old bridge at the moment.
6. Has anyone opened these letters?
7. The boys pushed Tom into the river.
8. They say he is an excellent pianist.
9. They gave him a new outfit for the performance.
10. What are they going to ask him?
11. We will have to do this work by next Monday.
12. They could not reach the crash site in time.
13. Mom is ironing your shirt.
14. The headmaster did not allow students to smoke.
15. The police should bring him to the station.

Task 8. Rewrite the sentences making them passive. Use passive voice with different tenses.

1. Families in poor countries often force their children to work.
2. They have offered him a good job.
3. They should have redecorated the house before Christmas.
4. They will repair my car by next week.
5. People say that he is a good surfer.
6. They have treated the prisoners badly for years.
7. You haven’t answered to my question yet.
8. We had to call the ambulance.
9. In Asia children do a lot of the work.
10. You cannot reach this village by train.
11. Settlers built this town in 1802.
12. Committee members handed out invitations for the meeting.
13. You must park your car in the garage.
14. They showed us the most important paintings in the gallery.
15. They speak Spanish here.

Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. Use active or passive voice with different tenses.

1. A lot of old songs ____________________ on the radio last week. (PLAY)
2. The President ____________________________ about the coup in Central America. (JUST INFORM)
3. If I ____________________ you I wouldn’t go to the meeting. (BE)
4. The bank manager told me that the house ________________________ for. (NOT PAY)
5. I _________________________ the guitar since I was in nursery school. (PLAY)
6. Margie is very happy because she __________________________ an engagement ring from her boyfriend. (JUST RECEIVE)
7. I _______________________ after the children while the garage ________________________ .(LOOK , REPAIR)
8. When Jane came to the office, she found out that her boss ________________________ . (ALREADY LEAVE)
9. Please don’t interrupt us. We ____________________ an important conversation. (HAVE)
10. I reported to the police that my stamp collection _______________________ the week before. (STEAL)
11. A short time after the pedestrian _______________________ by the car the ambulance ____________________ . (HIT, ARRIVE)
12. When Mr Kennel entered the room, emails ________________________ by his assistants. (TYPE)
13. Dad ________________________ for over three weeks. (NOT SMOKE)
14. He normally ____________________ up on his own but yesterday he ____________________ by his mom. (WAKE, WAKE)
15. They usually ____________________ visitors at the hospital. (NOT ALLOW)
16. All the houses in our street _______________________ every year during the Christmas season. (DECORATE)
17. India _______________________ independence in 1947. (GRANT)
18. They _______________________ in southern Italy since the end of the war. (LIVE)
19. I ______________________ a car by the garage so that I could drive home. (GIVE)
20. Tom’s father is an excellent athlete. He ____________________ some sort of sport every day. (DO)

Task 10. Rewrite the sentences making them passive. Use passive voice with different tenses.

1. Someone will attend to you later.
2. I don’t remember Jack giving me the tickets.
3. We must do something before the situation gets out of control.
4. You can hear the music in all sections of the stadium.
5. The company employs 5 people.
6. They are going to buy a new TV set next week.
7. My great grandfather built this house 60 years ago
8. My sister gave me the key so I could get in.
9. Nobody said anything.
10. A loud noise woke me up last night.
11. How do you prepare such a dish?
12. I don’t like someone lying to me.
13. She solved all her problems.
14. After a while she found out they hadn’t told her the truth.
15. The outstanding performance impressed her.
16. You mustn’t put the leftovers back in the fridge.

Source:

https://www.theenglishspace.com/grammar/passive-voice/passive-voice-and-tense
https://www.english-practice.at/b1/grammar/passive-voice/b1-passive-voice-index