Can you start a sentence with “because”?
The short and simple answer is yes, you can.
Yet it seems that a lot of people don’t know this and think you can’t.
We’ve been asked this question numerous times by readers of our “word nerd” books and listeners of our NPR-affiliated podcast “You’re Saying It Wrong.”
Maybe it’s because it was drummed into their heads as kids by well-meaning adults who thought “don’t start a sentence with ‘because’” was a rule (like so many other “grammar rules,” it isn’t), or maybe it’s because they’ve seen it used incorrectly (it often is).
But for whatever reason, people often avoid starting a sentence with “because.”
Can you start a sentence with because?
Because this happens so often, let’s cut to the chase.
Yes, you can absolutely start a sentence with “because.”
And…you caught that, didn’t you? Right there we started a sentence with “because,” and it’s completely correct.
Why? Because it’s used at the opening of a subordinate clause that’s connected to a main clause and—
Wait a second! We just did it again, but in a different way! See, as you just read, there are actually two different but completely acceptable ways of starting a sentence with “because.”
Starting a sentence with because: Two ways that work
The thing with “because” is that it’s a subordinate conjunction, which means it’s usually used to connect two clauses — a subordinate clause and a main clause. A subordinate clause is, yes, subordinate to the main one; it describes it.
As such, it’s not a stand-alone sentence like the main clause is. When you start a sentence with “because,” you have to be sure that you use both clauses to make the sentence a complete one, like this:
“Because I’m confused, I’m reading about starting sentences.”
It’s a perfectly legal sentence. No grammar guru can complain about it. If you split it into two discrete units, however, that guru would get quite perturbed.
“Because I’m confused. I’m reading about starting sentences.”
This doesn’t work because the first clause isn’t a complete sentence on its own. It’s a sentence fragment. To be correct grammatically, it needs to be followed by the second clause, the main one.
That’s the rule of thumb about starting a sentence with “because” — you need two parts to the sentence, two clauses connected by a comma, to make it work.
Nice and simple, right?
But this is English. And English has a way of bending the rules, so here we go…
Another way to start a sentence with because
There is another time when you can start a sentence with “because” and not follow that two-clause rule: if you’re using it conversationally to answer a spoken or unspoken “why” question.
The perfect example of this is the time-honored kid-to-parent question: “Why can’t I stay out later?” “Because I said so” is a perfectly acceptable (albeit infuriating) answer.
Persnickety nitpickers would argue that it’s not correct, that it’s a fragment that needs a rewrite. They’re right …technically.
But most modern grammarians and writers disagree and feel it’s fine to use in more casual writing, when you’re trying to sound conversational, and, of course, when you’re writing dialogue.
Pick up virtually any novel and you’ll see a lot of questions being answered with “Because I …” constructs. Clearly, this is one of those times when it’s good to break grammar rules.
And there you have it, two distinct and accepted ways of using “because” to start a sentence: either as the opener to a subordinate clause that presupposes the following clause, or as a conversational way of answering a “why” question.
So don’t listen if anyone tells you that you can’t start a sentence with “because.” Why not? Because we say so, of course. (And, no, you can’t stay out later. Not until you’ve finished writing.)
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In my grade school days, I recall a teacher proclaiming to the class:
You should never start a sentence with the word «Because».
Of course, I’ve since seen lots of examples to the contrary, and done so my self that seem to be perfectly correct, grammatically.
Did she shorten some other rule that allows for specific exceptions?
Did she just make it up because writing sentences starting with because
is a little tricky for young and inexperienced minds?
Is there some other reason?
tchrist♦
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asked Aug 13, 2010 at 21:11
9
It is appropriate when you have simply flipped the clauses:
I stayed inside because it was raining.
Because it was raining, I stayed inside.
What the teacher was trying to teach was that a a subordinate clause is not a complete sentence:
I stayed inside.
This is a complete sentence.
Because it was raining.
This is not; the conjunction because makes it subordinate and therefore, it requires an associated independent clause.
apaderno
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answered Aug 14, 2010 at 2:18
user459user459
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6
Because I don’t know your teacher, I can’t know her motivations. However, there is nothing wrong with starting a sentence that way if you are careful to write a complete sentence.
answered Aug 13, 2010 at 22:07
JohnFxJohnFx
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3
The rule is really made up to prevent primary school children splitting their sentences up randomly. This is just one of those rules that’s made to be broken… when you know it sounds ok.
answered Aug 13, 2010 at 21:47
2
Because you asked this question here, I’m obliged to say yes.
answered Sep 7, 2010 at 17:09
OneProtonOneProton
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1
Because you can, it doesn’t mean you should…
answered Aug 14, 2010 at 14:40
In addition to what others have said, I’ll just note that this usage is seen all throughout English literature. I’ll give you just a single example, from Emily Dickinson’s poem Because I could not stop for Death:
Because I could not stop for Death –
He kindly stopped for me –
The Carriage held but just Ourselves –
And Immortality.
answered Apr 15, 2015 at 16:44
RobustoRobusto
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You can use it for emphasis.
«Did you skip school just because you were sick?»
«Because I was vomiting.»
«Oh, sorry.»
T.E.D.
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answered Sep 14, 2010 at 17:58
1
Because is a conjunction.
Hey, I started the sentence with ‘Because’, and I’m sure no English Teacher would object to this!
answered Aug 14, 2010 at 3:33
Vaibhav GargVaibhav Garg
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5
It can be more poetic to begin with «because». Consider: «The world turns me on because it is round.»
answered Sep 8, 2010 at 8:21
2
I’d say your teacher was wrong in saying that. There are perfectly grammatical sentences beginning with «because». However, replying to «Why didn’t you go to the cinema?» with «Because I had to work» is incorrect, obviously, because it is a fragment, not a sentence.
answered Aug 14, 2010 at 12:36
2
Traditionally it might not have been considered grammatical, as because
is a conjunction, so it needs two phrases to conjoin.
However, you will often hear it in spoken English. There is no real problem with this, if the first half of the sentence is somehow implied. For example, if someone asks you a Why...
question, it is perfectly reasonable to start your answer with Because...
. If it makes the language lawyers cringe, they can pretend the previous sentence has been implicitly reused as the first half of the new one.
answered Jul 8, 2011 at 18:31
T.E.D.T.E.D.
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3
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EM
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Articles
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Usage
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Conjunctions
Summary
It’s fine to start a sentence with because (or any other conjunction) in both formal and informal writing.
Examples
- Because this form has an upload limit, I have not attached a copy of my thesis to the application.
- Because Farley missed the bus, he missed the train as well.
Just remember to complete the sentence by adding a main clause.
Example
- Incorrect: Because this paper has not yet been peer-reviewed but still been published.
Correct: Because this paper has not yet been peer-reviewed but still been published, the results should be interpreted with caution.
In speech and informal writing, incomplete sentences or fragments are acceptable if context makes the meaning clear.
Example
- “Why did the cat cross the road?”
“Because the chicken was on the other side.”
Also make sure it is clear what your pronoun refers to. The pronoun usually appears after the noun in a sentence instead of before it.
Example
- Incorrect: Because she wants to travel the world, Maya has sold her house and car.
Correct: Because Maya wants to travel the world, she has sold her house and car.
Because: When to use
Because, which means “for the reason that,” is a subordinating conjunction used to connect two clauses in a sentence.
Example
- Farley had to buy an umbrella because it was raining.
The two clauses (“Farley had to buy an umbrella” and “it was raining”) are connected by because.
As a subordinating conjunction, because introduces a subordinate clause and makes it dependent on the main clause for complete meaning.
Example
- Because it was a fine evening, we took a walk under the stars.
subordinate clause = “because it was a fine evening”; main clause = “we took a walk under the stars”
By itself, a subordinate clause does not convey complete meaning. If someone said to you “Because it was a fine evening,” you would ask “So what?” The main clause (“we took a walk under the stars”) completes the thought and therefore the sentence.
Because at start of sentence
It is grammatically fine to start a sentence with because. Starting a sentence with a subordinate clause, such as one introduced by because, helps place emphasis or end focus on the main clause. Leading with because also indicates to the reader that an explanation is forthcoming.
Examples
- Because Maya loves pasta, she lives in Campania.
Immediately clear that an explanation is being provided and a reason is being given. Also places end focus in the sentence on the main clause (“she lives in Campania”).
- Because this clinical trial carries significant risk, we will be our own test subjects.
- Because of the lockdown, all the flights are cancelled.
- Because of you, I am in trouble.
The positioning of clauses in a sentence affects emphasis. When a main clause needs to be emphasized, it appears at the end of the sentence, after the subordinate clause.
Example
- Lulu plans to throw a party because she bought extra pizza sauce.
or
Because Lulu bought extra pizza sauce, she plans to throw a party.
emphasis on the main clause (“she plans to throw a party”)
When the subordinate clause appears first, the sentence starts with a conjunction like because. This is acceptable both grammatically and stylistically. In fact, you can start a sentence with any conjunction in English.
Examples
- We stayed in because it was raining.
or
Because it was raining, we stayed in.
- Rita loves to fly, although she is afraid of heights.
or
Although Rita is afraid of heights, she loves to fly.
- We were able to jump a little higher since we were on the Moon.
or
Since we were on the Moon, we were able to jump a little higher.
Just watch out for two common errors that often appear in sentences starting with because:
- Fragments or incomplete sentences
- Anticipatory references with unclear pronoun usage
Completing the sentence
When you start a sentence with because, make sure to complete it. The conjunction because introduces a subordinate clause, which by itself does not convey complete meaning. If you forget to add a main clause, what you have is a sentence fragment rather than a complete sentence.
Example
- Incorrect: Because it was a cloudy day.
Because it was a cloudy day, so what? Complete the sentence with a main clause.
Correct: Because it was a cloudy day, Tumkin carried an umbrella with him to the park.
Longer fragments that start with because can be particularly tricky, fooling you into believing you’re writing a complete sentence. Always remember to complete the thought by adding a main clause.
Examples
- Incorrect: Because we found at the last minute that the weather bureau had forecast a hurricane.
Correct: Because we found out at the last minute that the weather bureau had forecast a hurricane, we had to cancel our trip. - Incorrect: Because the file was large.
Correct: Because the file was large, the upload failed.
Tip
When you start a sentence with because, check whether the reader will be left asking, “So what?” If yes, you need to add a main clause.
Example
- Because we have this head of cabbage and I know we have some leftover pasta.
So what?
Because we have this head of cabbage and some leftover pasta, we can make soup.
In formal writing as well, you can start a sentence with because (or any other conjunction), as long as you remember to complete the sentence by adding a main clause.
Examples
- Incorrect: Because we forgot to refresh the medium and the bacteria died.
no main clause, i.e., an incomplete sentence or a fragment
Correct: Because we forgot to refresh the medium, the bacteria died.
Correct: Because we forgot to refresh the medium and the bacteria died, our research remains incomplete. - Incorrect: Because we forgot to set up the sensors and were unable to collect any data.
Correct: Because we forgot to set up the sensors, we were unable to collect any data. - Incorrect: Because our research is now complete to publish a paper.
Correct:Because our research is now complete, we can publish a paper. - Incorrect:Because this company’s CEO has resigned.
Correct: Because this company’s CEO has resigned, its share price has fallen.
Caution
Write complete sentences rather than fragments in formal writing (e.g., in a thesis or a cover letter).
Example
- Incorrect: Because I have been managing teleportation services on Mars for seven years.
Correct: Because I have been managing teleportation services on Mars for seven years, I have the experience required to serve your customers on Duranda.In formal writing, make sure a sentence that starts with because has a main clause.
Avoiding anticipatory reference
When a sentence starts with because, it can contain a pronoun whose reference is unclear at first use. If a pronoun appears before the noun it refers to, it can be confusing for readers and ruin the flow of your text.
Example
- Poor: Because she was tired, Maya went to bed without brushing her teeth.
“She” refers to Maya, but this is not clear until we read the second clause.
Better: Because Maya was tired, she went to bed without brushing her teeth.
But you don’t have to avoid using because at the start of a sentence: simply make sure it is clear what your pronoun refers to.
Example
- Incorrect: Nesbit and Tumkin are making a new video game. Because he likes to travel, Tumkin wants to make a game in which you fight demons in cities around the world.
Because who likes to travel?
Correct: Nesbit and Tumkin are making a new video game. Because Tumkin likes to travel, he wants to make a game in which you fight demons in cities around the world.
Here are some more examples of anticipatory reference, where clarity can be improved by making the pronoun appear after instead of before its antecedent (the noun it refers to).
Examples
- Incorrect: Because she loves to fly, Rita is saving up to buy a plane.
Correct: Because Rita loves to fly, she is saving up to buy a plane. - Incorrect: Because they are easy to make, we often insert graphs in our presentations.
Correct: Because graphs are easy to make, we often insert them in our presentations.
In speech and informal usage
In speech, the meaning of a statement is often clear without the main clause being explicitly stated. Nobody speaks in complete sentences all the time.
Examples
- “Why did you cancel your trip?”
“Because of the hurricane.” - “Why have you withdrawn your application?
“Because I have accepted another offer.” - “Why are you so sleepy?”
“Because I woke up today at 4 a.m.”
Answering every question with a complete sentence can sound stuffy and pompous in everyday speech and informal writing.
Fragments are also common in creative writing, which naturally has a more conversational and narrative tone.
Examples
He could teach any of us only one thing, and that one thing was flight. Because there was no freedom here.
After everything that’s happened, how can the world still be so beautiful? Because it is.
Because the truth is, we never know for sure about ourselves.
“Because . . .” fragments are also seen in popular culture and on social media, where they can be used to make a point.
Example
- “Because Mondays.”
Inscribed on a photo of a coffee mug to humorously indicate that coffee is necessary on Mondays.
Such colloquialisms, perfectly acceptable in informal settings, are avoided in formal writing. Do not write incomplete sentence in documents such as cover letters, academic theses, or business reports.
Anticipatory reference (where the pronoun appears before its antecedent) is also acceptable in informal and creative writing, where it can add an element of surprise, drama, or humor to a sentence.
Example
- Because it tastes best cold, Maya likes to eat pizza straight out of the fridge.
In academic and other formal writing, where clarity is important, anticipatory reference is avoided.
Examples from literature
Here are some quotes from literature with sentences starting with because.
Examples
Do you want to be a gentleman, to spite her or to gain her over? Because, if it is to spite her, I should think – but you know best – that might be better and more independently done by caring nothing for her words.
Because the world is so full of death and horror, I try again and again to console my heart and pick the flowers that grow in the midst of hell.
Because when all people had was practically nothing, then anything could be almost anything.
Because if she let go of her grief even for a minute it would only hit her harder when she bumped into it again.
— Alice Munro, “The Bear Came Over the Mountain,” Hateship, Friendship, Loveship, Courtship, Marriage (2001)
Because while you don’t have a choice about what you are, you have a
choice about what you show.
Comma usage is a tricky aspect of the English language. If you’re wondering whether you need to use a comma before because, you’re not alone!
So when do you need to use a comma before because?
You usually shouldn’t use a comma before because. However, if the lack of a comma causes any ambiguity, then you should use a comma for clarity.
In this article, we will explain this grammatical rule and give you examples of sentences that do and do not use a comma before the word because.
Is There a Comma Before Because or After Because?
The word because is a subordinating conjunction, which means it connects a subordinate clause and an independent clause.
Most of the time, you shouldn’t use a comma before because, because this type of sentence doesn’t need one.
For example, consider the sentence, “I stayed home from work because I felt sick.”
In this sentence, “I stayed home from work” is the independent clause, “I felt sick” is the subordinate clause, and because is the subordinating conjunction. There’s no need for a comma, because this sentence makes sense without one.
However, there are some scenarios in which the sentence would be too ambiguous if you didn’t use a comma before because. Let’s look at this possibility in more detail.
When to Use a Comma Before Because
The only sentences that require a comma before because are sentences that would be hard to understand without the comma.
One common example is when the independent clause that comes before because is a negative statement that contains words like don’t, couldn’t, or wouldn’t.
Consider the following sentence:
- Bob didn’t get good grades because of his IQ.
This example is confusing because it has two possible meanings.
One meaning is that some other reason caused Bob to get good grades, e.g. “Bob didn’t get good grades because of his IQ. The real reason was because he studied really hard.”
The other meaning is that Bob’s low IQ caused him to get poor grades.
In this case, you should put a comma before because: “Bob didn’t get good grades, because of his IQ.” By creating a slight pause between the two clauses, the comma helps clarify the ambiguity.
Remember, any sentence that causes ambiguity hinders your readers from understanding your writing. If you have an ambiguous sentence, see if it needs a comma, a rewrite, or both!
When to Use a Comma After Because
Using a comma after because is much rarer than using a comma before because.
You should only use a comma after because when you’re interrupting a sentence with another word or clause immediately after the word because.
For example, consider the sentence, “Sarah doesn’t like seafood restaurants, because, as you know, she’s allergic to shellfish.”
The purpose of the comma after because is to add a pause before the interrupter “as you know.”
If you’re not sure whether to include a comma before or after because, you can run your writing through ProWritingAid, which will highlight incorrect comma usage and help you fix it.
Examples of When to Use a Comma with Because
Let’s look at some examples of sentences that use the word because. The ones that include commas would have ambiguous meanings if you took the comma out.
“Never say goodbye because goodbye means going away and going away means forgetting.”—J.M. Barrie, Peter Pan
“One is loved because one is loved. No reason is needed for loving.”—Paulo Coelho, The Alchemist
“She refused to be bored chiefly because she wasn’t boring.”—Zelda Fitzgerald, The Collected Writings
“It’s really a wonder that I haven’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so absurd and impossible to carry out.”—Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl
“A good library will never be too neat, or too dusty, because somebody will always be in it, taking books off the shelves and staying up late reading them.”—Lemony Snicket, Horseradish
“Opposites attract is my favorite trope, so it made sense to start there. Because, of course, the thing about opposites: they always have a lot more in common than they think.”—Rachel Lynn Solomon, Today Tonight Tomorrow
Because Punctuation: Conclusion
There you have it: a complete guide for how to punctuate because. Here’s a quick recap:
- In most cases, you shouldn’t use a comma before because
- Use a comma before because if the sentence would be ambiguous without it
- Only use a comma after because when you’re adding an interrupter
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One of the biggest issues, when you are writing an essay or an article, is using the word because too many times. This word connects two sentences and is called a conjunction. It helps present arguments, reasons and shows the relationship between two sentences. Of course, there are other words for because that have the same effect but can improve the stylistic outcome of your writing.
Why Choose Other Words for Because
Finding the right words to use instead of because can help you refine your language. It also prevents repetition in your vocabulary. When it comes to college papers and assignments, especially, good writing helps you earn better grades.
Sometimes, replacing the word because or eliminating it entirely can even help you manage the word count of your writing. This is crucial when you have to write shorter essays and make an impact with the content. You can use fewer words, be more direct with your messaging and keep the readers engaged.
The simplest way to prevent reusing the word is to use a direct replacement word for because. Here is a list of other words to use instead of because:
- As: She walked alone because as she had no friends.
- Being that: Because Being that he was late, he missed the beginning of the movie.
- Since: He became slimmer because since he started cycling regularly.
- Given that: Life expectancy has increased because given that medical care is better today.
- Now that: We started the show because now that the band had arrived.
- On the grounds that: Your story was rejected because on the grounds that it wasn’t suited to our theme.
- For: He did not perform well because for he did not study well.
- Since that: These flowers are expensive because since that they are rare.
- Considering that: Because Considering that he wakes up late, he will not make it at 6AM.
Words Like Because
There are some words instead of because that can be used when you are writing. However, these words cannot replace the word exactly. These words allow you to imply the same meaning of the sentence without using the word because. Although the following are more words for because, you may have to reframe the sentence for it to retain its meaning:
- So:
With because: I passed the test because I studied.
With so: I studied. So I passed the test.
- Hence:
With because: We left early because it was a long drive.
With so: It was a long drive. Hence, we left early.
- Therefore:
With because: Because she is tall, she can reach the higher shelves.
With therefore: She is tall, therefore she can reach the higher shelves.
When to Use Because And its Synonyms
The word because is used to point out the reason for an action. It is also used to connect sentences, hence serving as a conjunction. However, the various appearances or synonyms of because can’t be used just anyhow. Due to its various uses, Some are acceptable in an informal way while others are acceptable only in formal settings. In view of the facts stated before, check the following example
For example,
Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow will die
The use of for in this statement cannot be easily substituted for other forms of because.
If words like hence and as a result of were used, it changes the meaning as well as the grammatical accuracy of the statement.
Let us eat and drink, hence we die tomorrow
Let us eat and drink, therefore we die tomorrow
Due to the number of examples stated before, it should be noted that the various use of because and its synonyms must be carefully used.
Other Words For Because Of
Because of also signifies a consequence like the word because. However, it is a two-word proposition. The difference between ‘because’ and ‘because of’ is that the former is followed by a subject and a verb while the latter is followed by a noun or noun phrase.
For example:
He had to run faster because he was being chased by the dog.
He had to run because of the dog chasing him.
Here are some of the most common phrases or other words than because of that can be used to replace it directly in a sentence:
- Owing to
- On account of
- Out of
- As a consequence of
- As a result of
- Considering
- For
- For the sake of
- In view of
The Best Because Transition Words
Because and because of are known as transition words because they are able to connect two sentences. Transition words are used to make content more readable. Using because transition words help prevent overusing the word.
When choosing transition words that mean because, you need to remember that they must signify a consequence or a reason. You can connect two sentences effectively by using the following that mean because in other words:
- Forasmuch as
- Consequently
- Thereupon
- Under these circumstances
- As a result
- Thus
- For that reason
- For this reason
All the words to use besides because that are mentioned in the previous can also be considered transition replacement words for because. However, you need to make sure that the sentences are structured and used in the right format so that the replacement words are able to convey the same meaning.
Can You Start a Sentence With Because?
A formal sentence does not permit the use of because at the beginning of a sentence, owing to so many reasons. Inasmuch as it is in informal writings only, with the right use of prepositions, it is very acceptable.
However, owing to some reasons like the context of the word and the various synonyms of because. The word because and its synonyms can fit some forms of formal writing at the beginning.
In the use of because or it’s equivalent, Either a positive or negative outcome of using it at the beginning of formal writing lies in how the reader or the examiner views the writing.
Choosing Words To Replace Because
When you are choosing words that replace because you need to make sure that they are chosen correctly. The goal should not be to merely pick words that mean because since you wish to avoid repetition. You need to take care of two more details:
- Avoid redundancy: Sometimes, you cannot just find words that replace because. You may have to use phrases. They tend to cause redundancy and unwanted use of extra words that can make reading less pleasurable.
- Increase readability: This is one of the primary goals of choosing other words instead of because. It helps you break down the sentences to make them easier to read. Because connects sentences but can also make them very complex.
Whenever you choose words for your writing, you need to think of making the text targeted effectively. Second, the content should be optimized for better reach and interest among readers.