Меньше или больше — один из основных критериев, которые мы используем, когда оцениваем качество или важность предметов и явлений.
В этой статье мы рассмотрим, как в английском языке образуются сравнительные степени прилагательного LITTLE, пожалуй, одного из наиболее часто используемых в сравнительной форме прилагательных.
Причина этого заключается в том, что little используется не только в значении «маленький», но и является служебным словом для образования степеней сравнения других прилагательных. Поэтому будет полезно изучить данное прилагательное поподробнее.
Произношение little и least
Прежде чем мы углубимся в изучение лексического и грамматического использования прилагательного little, скажем несколько слов о том, как правильно произносится это слово.
Little имеет транскрипцию: амер. |ˈlɪtl | — брит. |ˈlɪt(ə)l |
Но транскрипция не отражает всех особенностей произношения слова «little» в британском и в американском английском. Лучше один раз услышать, чем несколько раз почитать транскрипцию.))) Посмотрите и послушайте это видео и вы поймете, что мы имеем в виду:
least |liːst|
Общие правила образования степеней сравнения прилагательных in English
Подробнее об общих правилах образования степеней сравнения мы рассказывали в этой статье: жми на ссылку.
.
В таблице ниже приведем основные правила образования словоформ сравнительных прилагательных:
Обратите особенное внимание в таблице на последний способ образования сравнительных прилагательных. Далее, читая эту статью, вы поймете, почему эта часть таблицы имеет для нас особенное значение, когда мы говорим о прилагательном little.
Особенности образования степеней сравнения прилагательного LITTLE (little — less — the least)
Прилагательное «маленький» — little входит в первые 300 самых часто используемых английских слов. Об этом мы рассказывали в нашей статье «1000 самых популярных английских слов. По порядку». А то, что мы используем часто, нам хочется сделать максимально удобным для нас. Именно благодаря своей популярности, словоформы прилагательного little являются irregular (т.е. изменяются по-особенному, не по правилам).
Таблица. Сравнительные степени и перевод прилагательного LITTLE
Эти формы необходимо заучить наизусть.
.
Примеры использования сравнительных форм прилагательного little:
Как мы сказали выше, little может использоваться и
как самостоятельное прилагательное:
She did little work. — Она мало поработала (дословное: Она сделала маленькую работу.)
She did the least work of any of us. — Он выполнил работы меньше, чем любой из нас.
the less world — микрокосм, устоявшееся выражение (дословно: более мелкий мир)
less age — несовершеннолетние
Хотя, как вы заметили, последние два примера — это идиомы. Почему нам пришлось к ним обратиться? Потому что все-таки less и the least чаще используется либо
как наречие
(т.е. вместе с глаголом), либо
как антоним служебных слов more и the most для образования степеней сравнения других прилагательных и наречий.
Как используются more и the most, мы показали в таблице выше, а также в подробной статье об образовании степеней сравнения прилагательных в английском языке.
Пример: сравнительные прилагательные со служебными словами more и less:
This car is more expensive than… — Эта машина более дорогая, чем…
This car is less expensive than ... — Эта машина менее дорогая, чем ..
Обратите внимание, что если для сравнения прилагательных мы используем служебные слова «менее, наименьший», то все прилагательные образуют свои сравнительные формы БЕЗ прибавления суффикса -er.
Cheap — cheaper — the cheapest
Cheap — less cheap — the least cheap
То есть для образования всех сравнительных прилагательных со значением «менее» используется конструкция:
less + adjective (less + прилагательное)
the least + adjective (the least + прилагательное)
Примеры:
Your second point is no less important. — Второй отмеченный вами момент не менее важен.
This task is less difficult. — Это задание — менее трудное.
That was the least interesting film I have ever seen. — Это был самый неинтересный фильм из всех, что я читал.
.
He has the least talent of anyone. — Он самый бездарный человек на свете. (дословно: Он имеет самый маленький талант, чем кто-либо иной.)
Little — less — the least с разными частями речи
Слова little — less — the least могут выполнять роль как прилагательного, так и наречия. Внешне они выглядят одинаково. В роли какой части речи они выступают в предложении зависит от того, рядом с какой частью речи они используются.
Основная цель этой статьи — рассказать о прилагательных. Но чтобы у вас не было путаницы, где little — это прилагательное, а где наречие, остановимся на этом поподробнее.
Little — less — least + существительное
Little
Если little является определением существительного, значит оно в данном предложении является прилагательным (adjective). Это относится ко всем степеням сравнения little.
Выше мы уже приводили примеры обычного использования прилагательного little в своем основном значении:
little house, little girl, little story — маленький домик, маленькая девочка, небольшая история
НО! Если little стоит перед неисчисляемым существительным, то little переводится как «мало» (в значении «недостаточно»):
little money — мало денег
little water — мало воды
little hope that... — мало надежды на то, что …
Как перевести «мало, достаточно, несколько, довольно много» с исчисляемыми существительными (books, friends, etc), мы рассказывали здесь (жми на ссылку).
The least
Если «the least» стоит перед существительным — с точки зрения грамматики — least — это прилагательное.
Что касается перевода, то такая конструкция переводится как «меньше, чем все остальные«. При этом существительное после «the least» может опускаться, если смысл и так очевиден. Например:
.We had a quiz. Harry got the most points. Tom got the least. (the least points) — У нас была викторина. Гарри получил больше всего очков. Tom — меньше всего (очков).
I can only afford to pay the least of the bills. (the least part) — Я могу позволить себе оплатить только меньшую (часть) счетов.
Little — less — the least + глагол
Если less — little — the least стоит перед глаголом, это значит, что оно выполняет функцию и переводится как наречие.
Little = мало
I understood little in his speech. — Я мало что понял в его речи.
He talked little about his family. — Он мало что говорил о своей семье.
При этом прилагательное и наречие little и их сравнительные формы выглядят идентично.
I cannot take less. — Я не могу взять меньше.
We need less talk and more work! — Нам нужно меньше болтать и больше работать!
to have less to eat — хуже питаться
None of them worked much, but Michael worked the least. — Никто из них не работал много, но Майкл работал меньше всех.
Think of the team you’d least expect to get the cup. — Подумайте о команде, от которой вы меньше всего ожидаете, что она получит кубок.
Little — less — the least + прилагательное / наречие
А вот если little и его производные стоят перед качественным прилагательным или наречием, значит, в данном предложении оно выступает как служебное слово для образования сравнительных степеней прилагательного или наречия:
.Little + качественное прилагательное
Что такое качественное прилагательное, мы рассказывали здесь (жми на ссылку).
happy — less happy — the least happy
She looks less happy today. — Сегодня она выглядит менее счастливой.
Little + качественное наречие
Качественные наречия обычно образованы от качественных прилагательных.
She runs quickly. Her little brother Tom runs less quickly. — Она бежит быстро. Ее маленький брат Том бежит медленнее.
The machines that worked (the) least efficiently were replaced. — Машины (оборудование), которые работали с наименьшей эффективностью, были заменены.
Особенности лексического значения прилагательного little
Little и small
Оба слова переводятся на русский как «маленький». Но взаимозаменяемы далеко не всегда.
Здесь же заметим, что прилагательное small, в отличие от little, образует степени сравнения по правилу:
small — smaller — the smallest
Рассмотрим подробнее, в каких случаях используется прилагательное little, т.е. какое дополнительное семантическое значение (кроме «маленький») несет на себе это слово.
«Маленький» + эмоциональная окраска
Общее значение слова little — для обозначения маленького размера. При этом, в таких предложениях little обычно используется не только для того, чтобы отразить размер, но и чтобы придать эмоциональную окраску:
A funny little man was passing by. — Мимо проходил маленький смешной человечек.
Suddenly I saw a nice little girl. — Неожиданно я увидел милую маленькую девочку.
Can I have a little word with you? — Можно перекинуться с тобой словечком?
It could be a nice little business. — Может получиться выгодное дельце.
The poor little thing had hurt its wing. — Бедняжка повредила крыло.
We’re having a little party this weekend. — В эти выходные у нас будет небольшая вечеринка.
«Маленький, юный»
Кроме того, little используется, чтобы описать возраст: маленький, юный.
When I was a little boy I used to go to my aunty for summer holidays. — Когда я был маленьким мальчиком, на лето я обычно уезжал к тете.
«Незначительный, несерьезный»
We’ve got a little problem. — У нас есть одна небольшая проблема.
She is going to sort out some little things at the weekend. — На выходных она собирается разобраться с разными мелочами.
There is little use of me. — От меня мало пользы.
«Little»-idioms. Идиомы и крылатые выражения со словами little, less, the least
Little
little finger — мизинец (это слово встречается в переводе песни Ava Max «Maybe You’re The Problem». В этой статье мы не только переводим текст песни, но и даем лексический и грамматический разбор текста. Перейти по ссылке.)
to have smb. wrapped around one’s little finger — обвести кого-либо вокруг пальца; манипулировать и обманывать кого-либо, подчинить себе. Можно перевести и как «быть под каблуком», так и «обвести вокруг пальца», в зависимости от контекста.
The woman is able to twist her husband around her little finger. She always gets whatever she wants. —
Эта женщина может легко обвести своего мужа вокруг пальца. Она всегда получает все, что захочет.
the little hand (of the clock) — часовая стрелка (часов)
the little ones = young childen, дети, детеныши
.
a little thing — малютка, крошка
.little things — мелочи
He gets very angry over little things. — Он очень сердится из-за всяких пустяков.
little brother — младший брат
chic little hat — модная шляпка
a little bit — немного
a little while — недолго
It’ll take a little while. — Это займёт какое-то время
He arrived a little while ago. — Он прибыл некоторое время назад.
I got very little sleep last night. — Я очень мало спал этой ночью.
There’s little hope of a rescue now. — Теперь надежды на спасение почти нет.
as little as possible — как можно меньше
to have little value — иметь мало ценности
These trinkets have little or no value. — Эти безделушки мало чего стоят, если стоят вообще хоть что-то.
Less
of less importance — менее важный
Less в математических выражениях:
less than or equal to — меньше или равно, не больше
It has been less than a year ago but it feels like more. | Это было меньше года назад, но кажется, что дольше. |
Six less two is four. — Шесть минус два равно четырем. 6-2=4
Nine is three less than twelve. — Девять на три меньше двенадцати.
a year less three days — год без трёх дней
The least
It’s the least I can do. — Это самое меньшее, что я могу сделать.
at least — по меньшей мере, как минимум
at the (very) least
She hasn’t got any children. At least, I don’t think she has. — У нее нет никаких детей. По крайней мере, я не думаю, что они есть.
There were at least twelve people in the line. — В очереди было как минимум 12 человек.
It’ll cost you $2,000 at the very least. — Это будет тебе стоить минимум 2000 долларов.
It will change your life or, at the very least, teach you something new. — Это изменит твою жизнь, как минимум, научит тебя чему-то новому.
least way — кратчайший путь
least estimate — самая скромная оценка
to say the least of it — мягко выражаясь, без преувеличения по меньшей мере
Susan has really weird taste in home decorating, to say the least.
Least said soonest mended. — Чем меньше разговоров, тем лучше для дела. (посл.)
Last but not least — Последнее, но не менее важное. Идиома, которая крайне часто используется в современном английском языке.
I would like to thank my publisher, my editor, and, last but not least, my husband. — Я бы хотела поблагодарить своего издателя, своего редактора и последним, но не менее важным в списке, моего мужа.
Загадка-шутка
И немного английского юмора. Загадка-шутка, в основе которой лежит игра слов:
Which of the animals is the least trustworthy? — Cheetah
Поняли шутку? Если да, молодцы! Если нет, разберем.
the least trustworthy — наименее заслуживающий доверия
cheetah — гепард
cheater — звучит очень похоже на cheetah, но переводится как обманщик, мошенник
to cheat — обманывать, хитрить, мошенничать, в т.ч. пользоваться шпаргалками на экзамене.
Подытожим.
Прилагательное little образует степени сравнения не по правилам. Как и ряд других, часто используемых в речи, прилагательных. Приводим их здесь:
Список английских прилагательных, которые образуют степени сравнения не по правилам
Таблица с переводом и особенностями использования таких прилагательных
.
Большая таблица прилагательных английского языка
Для вашего удобства мы подготовили большую таблицу английских прилагательных с переводом и примерами образования сравнительных и превосходных степеней прилагательных.
Для этой таблицы мы отобрали прилагательные из англ.яз., которые входят в первую тысячу самых популярных слов in English, а также такие качественные прилагательные, которые чаще всего используются для сравнения предметов и явлений.
Эту таблицу вы также можете использовать для тренировки правила по образованию сравнительной и превосходной степеней английских прилагательных.
Данная таблица будет полезна и для пополнения вашего словарного запаса.
.
сравнительная и превосходная степень в английском языке, степени сравнения прилагательных в английском исключения, английский сравнение
прилагательных в английском языке, comparative adjectives, сравнение прилагательных в английском исключения,
мало меньше английский, маленький на английском языке, маленький перевод на английский язык, мало меньше самый маленький английский, больше меньше на английском, маленький с русского на английский, мало меньше английский, мало на английском языке, слово мало на английском языке,
меньше года на английском языке,
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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.
На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.
Let’s have a little word about physics here.
Let‘s play a little word association game here.
Now let me leave this little word of counsel for you.
Funny. Let me have a little word with my brothers.
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Little words
Незначительные слова
Little words have so much meaning
When you mean the words you say
Little words like glad to see you
How are you, hello, good day
Little words that make you welcome
Little words that say goodbye
Little words that help you laughing
Little words that make you cry.
There are words for all occasions
Words for all you say and do
But the greatest words of all are
I love you.
Little words have so much meaning
When you mean the words you say
Little words like glad to see you
How are you, hello good day.
Little words like happy birthday,
Happy anniversary
Little words like how I miss you
Words like hurry back to me.
Little words like god with you
In all you say and do
But I know I’ll never find the words for you.
Little words have so much meaning
When you mean the words you say
Little words like it’s a pleasure
To be here with you today.
Little words called silly quenelles
And the sunshine turns to rain
But the words like sorry darling
Help you to give up again.
There are words for all occasions
Words for all you say and do
But the greatest words of all are
I love you.
Незначительные слова имеют так много смысла,
Когда вы произносите их искренне.
Незначительные слова вроде «рад видеть вас,
Как поживаете, привет, добрый день».
Незначительные слова, которые приветствуют вас,
Незначительные слова, которые говорят «до свидания»,
Незначительные слова, что смешат вас,
Незначительные слова, которые заставляют вас плакать.
Есть слова на все случаи жизни,
Слова для всего, что вы можете сказать и сделать,
Но самые прекрасные из всех слов –
Я тебя люблю.
Незначительные слова имеют так много смысла,
Когда вы произносите их искренне.
Незначительные слова вроде «рад видеть вас,
Как поживаете, привет, добрый день».
Незначительные слова вроде
«Счастливого дня рождения и юбилея»,
Незначительные слова вроде «я скучаю по тебе,
Возвращайся скорей ко мне».
Незначительные слова вроде «Бог с вами
Во всём, что вы говорите и делаете»,
Но я знаю, что никогда не найду слов для тебя.
Незначительные слова имеют так много смысла,
Когда вы произносите их искренне.
Незначительные слова вроде «приятно
Быть сегодня с вами».
Незначительные слова называют глупцом,
И солнечный свет превращается в дождь,
Но слова «прости, дорогой»
Помогут вам всё снова исправить.
Есть слова на все случаи жизни
Слова для всего, что вы можете сказать и сделать,
Но самые прекрасные из всех слов –
Я тебя люблю.
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NCERT Class 9 English Beehive Book Chapter 3 The Little Girl Summary, Explanation, and Question Answers
- The Little Girl Theme
- The Little Girl Video Explanation
- The Little Girl Summary
- The Little Girl Summary in Hindi
- The Little Girl Lesson Explanation
- The Little Girl Question and Answer
- The Little Girl Class 9 MCQ Question Answers
The Little Girl Class 9 Beehive Book Chapter 3
The Little Girl – CBSE Class 9 English Lesson 3 The Little Girl Summary and Detailed explanation of the lesson along with meanings of difficult words. Also, the explanation is followed by a Summary of the lesson. All the exercises and Questions Answers given at the back of the lesson have been covered. Take Free Online MCQs Test for Class 9.
The Little Girl Class 9 Video Explanation
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CBSE class 9 English (Beehive) Chapter 3
By Katherine Mansfield
The Little Girl Theme
The title of the story refers to the main character that we will come across- the little girl named Kezia. The theme of the story is the relationship between children and their parents and the writer Katherine Mansfield wants to tell us that children share a very important bond of love with their parents. Although when children are small, when they are young they do not feel that their parents love them because their parents are strict and many actions of the parents seems unjustified. But as children grow up they realise that all the acts done by their parents were beneficial for them. The parents were concerned for them and beneath the strictness lies a heart full of love for the children. And this bond of love between parents and their children has been highlighted through this story.
Do you feel you know your parents better now, than when you were much younger? Perhaps you now understand the reasons for some of their actions that used to upset you earlier.
When we are small, when we are very small,we do not know why our parents are being strict with us. But as we grow older we become mature and we realize why they were being strict with us and when we realized that thing then we also realize that our parents love us. So even the reader can also relate to this. You all can also feel that when you were younger, the action you parents did, the strictness that they had towards you was for your betterment.And as you will grow older and older you will realize that in the past whatever acts your parents did were for your betterment and in fact they really love you.This story about a little girl whose feelings for her father change from fear to understanding will probably find an echo in every home.
Now what do we mean by “will probably find an echo in every home”. This means that all the children will feel the same way. So, you all can relate to the feeling of little girl Kezia. Just like Kezia is full of fear towards her father and later on she understands his behavior and feels that he was concerned, and he loved her. All the children also have the same feeling towards their parents and you can relate to Kezia’s story very well.
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The Little Girl Summary
The Little Girl Summary – ‘The Little Girl’ is the story of a little girl, Kezia who misunderstood her father’s strictness and usually remained scared of him. She kept a distance from him, whenever he would be at home. She considered him to be as big as a giant. She would often get nervous and stutter while talking to him. She longed for his love and affection like her neighbour Mr Macdonald.
Once she was kept indoors as she was affected by cold. Her grandmother suggested that she make a gift for her father’s birthday next week. They decided that Kezia would make a pincushion for him. Kezia made a beautiful pin-cushion; but she accidentally made a mistake. She filled it with bits of paper that she got by tearing her father’s important speech. She was punished for that. This incident further estranged Kezia from her father.
She would often look at the neighbours, the Macdonalds playing joyously in their lawn. Mr. Macdonald was such a good father and played so lovingly with his children. She wondered he might be a different sort of father.
Once her mother fell ill and was hospitalized. She was left alone at home under the care of the cook. At night she had a nightmare and woke up screaming. She found her father standing by her bedside. He picked her up and took her to her room. He tucked her up in his bed and soon fell asleep. Kezia felt secure lying near her father. She realized that her father was not as big as a giant. She felt the beating of her father’s loving large heart. Finally, she realized her father was very loving and had a generous heart.
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The Little Girl Summary in Hindi
द लिटिल गर्ल’ एक छोटी लड़की कीजीआ की कहानी है, जो अपने पिता की सख्ती को गलत समझती थी और उससे डरती थी।
जब भी वह घर पर होता, वह उससे दूरी बना लेती। वह उसे एक विशाल दानव के समान बड़ा मानती थी। वह अक्सर उससे बात करते-करते घबरा जाती थी और हकलाने लगती थी। वह अपने पड़ोसी मिस्टर मैकडोनाल्ड की तरह उसके प्यार और स्नेह की लालसा रखती थी।
एक बार उसे घर के अंदर रखा गया था क्योंकि वह ठंड से प्रभावित थी। उसकी दादी ने सुझाव दिया कि वह अगले सप्ताह अपने पिता के जन्मदिन के लिए एक उपहार दें।
उन्होंने तय किया कि कीजीआ उसके लिए एक छोटा तकिया बनाएगी। कीजीआ ने एक सुंदर पिन-कुशन बनाया; लेकिन उसने अकस्मात से गलती कर दी। उसने उसे कागज के टुकड़ों से भर दिया जो उसने अपने पिता के महत्वपूर्ण भाषण को फाड़कर प्राप्त किया था।
इसके लिए उसे दंडित किया गया था। इस घटना ने कीजीआ को उसके पिता से और दूर कर दिया।
वह अक्सर पड़ोसियों, मैकडॉनल्ड्स को उनके लॉन में खुशी से खेलते हुए देखती थी। मिस्टर मैकडोनाल्ड इतने अच्छे पिता थे और अपने बच्चों के साथ बहुत प्यार से खेलते थे। उसने सोचा कि वह एक अलग तरह का पिता हो सकता है।
एक बार उसकी माँ बीमार पड़ गई और उसे अस्पताल में भर्ती कराया गया। रसोइया की देखरेख में कीजीआ घर पर अकेली रह गई थी। रात में उसे एक बुरा सपना आया और चीख-पुकार मच गई।
उसने अपने पिता को अपने बिस्तर के पास खड़ा पाया। वह उसे उठाकर अपने कमरे में ले गया। उन्होंने उसे अपने बिस्तर में लिटा दिया और जल्द ही सो गया।
कीजीआ अपने पिता के पास लेटी हुई अपनेआप को सुरक्षित महसूस कर रही थी। उसने महसूस किया कि उसके पिता एक विशालकाय दानव जितने बड़े नहीं हैं। उसने अपने पिता के प्यारे बड़े दिल की धड़कन को महसूस किया।
अंत में, उसने महसूस किया कि उसके पिता बहुत प्यार करने वाले और उदार हृदय के थे।
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The Little Girl Explanation
Passage: To the little girl he was a figure to fear and avoided.
Word Meaning
a figure to be feared:a person to be feared
Explanation of the above Passage: And who is the figure to be feared here – Kezia’s father. So he refers to Kezia’s Father and the little girl is Kezia. So, the opening line of the story is indicating the fear that Kezia has for her Father. And as she is fearful of her father, she tries to avoid him and she tries to remain away from him.
Passage: Every morning before going to work he came into her room and gave her a casual kiss, to which she responded with “Goodbye, Father”.
Explanation of the above Passage: So every morning before going to work Kezia’s father would visit her in her room and give her a casual kiss. And in reply Kezia would say “Goodbye, Father”. So, this action of Kezia’s father shows his love for Kezia.
Passage: And oh, there was a glad sense of relief when she heard the noise of the carriage growing fainter and fainter down the long road!
Word Meaning
Glad sense of relief: feeling relaxed
Fainter and fainter: to lessen or reduce
Explanation of the above Passage: Carriages like horse carts were means of conveyance used in olden times. So here we can make out the fear that Kezia has for her father. The writer says that when Kezia heard that her father’s carriage was going away from home and he was leaving home and the sound became fainter and fainter that means the sound reduced, Kezia would have a sense of relaxation. She would feel relieved that her father had left. Now why did she feel relieved? Because she feared her father, she was afraid of him and so she was relieved when he left home.
Passage: In the evening when he came home she stood near the staircase and heard his loud voice in the hall.
Explanation of the above Passage: In the evenings, when Kezia’s father would return home she would hear his loud voice. And this loud voice against made her afraid of him.
Passage: “Bring my tea into the drawing-room… Hasn’t the paper come yet? Mother, go and see if my paper’s out there — and bring me my slippers.”
Explanation of the above Passage: So as Kezia’s father returned home, he would start ordering all different things. He would order that tea be served to him in the drawing room, he wanted the newspaper, he would asked his mother to go and see if the newspaper was there outside the house and he would asked her to get him his slipper also.
Passage: “Kezia,” Mother would call to her, “if you’re a good girl you can come down and take off father’s boots.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia’s mother would call out to her and ask her to remove her father’s boots. In order to make her obey, she would say that if she was a good girl then surely she would obey her command.
Passage: Slowly the girl would slip down the stairs, more slowly still across the hall, and push open the drawing-room door.
Word Meaning
slip down: come down quietly and unwillingly
Explanation of the above Passage: So again we see Kezia’s fear for her father that is why she would come down the stairs quietly and unwillingly. Unwillingly because she did not want to face her father. She feared him.
Passage: By that time he had his spectacles on and looked at her over them in a way that was terrifying to the little girl.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now just imagine – Kezia’s father sitting in the drawing room on a sofa, wearing his spectacles and he is looking at Kezia over the spectacles. And now the way he look at her, terrified her. She was horrified because maybe it seemed to her that he was staring at her.
Passage: “Well, Kezia, hurry up and pull off these boots and take them outside. Have you been a good girl today?”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia was reluctant in her work. She was slow in her motion. And so, her father would tell her to hurry up and remove his boots and keep them out of the room. And then he would asked her if she had been a good girl that day.
Passage: “I d-d-don’t know, Father.”
Explanation of the above Passage: And Kezia replied that she did not know. So why was she stammering because she was not confident. A person is not confident when he has any feeling of fear.
Passage: “You d-d-don’t know? If you stutter like that Mother will have to take you to the doctor.”
Word Meaning
Stutter: to stammer, to speak with pauses
Explanation of the above Passage: So here Kezia’s father is copying her. And he also stammers like she did. He says to her that if she stuttered like that, then her Mother would have to take her to the doctor for a checkup.
Passage: She never stuttered with other people — had quite given it up — but only with Father, because then she was trying so hard to say the words properly.
Word Meaning
given it up: stopped doing it
Trying so hard: making a lot of efforts
Explanation of the above Passage: So here the writer tells us that Kezia never stammered while she spoke to other people. It was only when she talked to her father that she lacked confidence and that is why she tried very hard to speak properly and she stammered.
Passage: “What’s the matter? What are you looking so wretched about? Mother, I wish you taught this child not to appear on the brink of suicide…Here, Kezia, carry my teacup back to the table carefully.”
Word Meaning
Wretched: unhappy, sad
on the brink of suicide: about to commit suicide
suicide: kill oneself
Explanation of the above Passage: Now kezia’s father looks at her, he feels that something is wrong with her. And he asked her why she is so unhappy. And then he tells the mother that she should teach Kezia to behave in a better way and she should not appear as if she is so unhappy that she is about to end her life. So, he wants to say that Kezia seems to be so unhappy with her life that she did not want to live any longer. He hands her his teacup and asks her to place it back on the table.
Passage: He was so big — his hands and his neck, especially his mouth when he yawned. Thinking about him alone was like thinking about a giant.
Explanation of the above Passage: Here this is the feeling, this is the vision that Kezia has for her father. She feels that her father was so big, he was just like a giant. And the writer says that Kezia felt that his hand and his neck and his mouth were all so huge especially when he yawned. It seemed as if he was a huge monster. And whenever Kezia thought about her father she felt that she was thinking about a giant.
Passage: On Sunday afternoons Grandmother sent her down to the drawing-room to have a “nice talk with Father and Mother”.
Explanation of the above Passage: So, every Sunday, during the afternoon Kezia’s Grandmother sent her downstairs to the drawing-room in order to spend time with her parents. So Kezia was supposed to behave in a nice and decent way in front of her parents and they had a formal get-together.
Passage: But the little girl always found Mother reading and Father stretched out on the sofa, his handkerchief on his face, his feet on one of the best cushions, sleeping soundly and snoring.
Word Meaning
Snoring: the sound produced by some people when there are asleep.
Explanation of the above Passage: So here we feel that Kezia felt a bit neglected. Every Sunday afternoon when she went to her parents to meet them in the drawing-room and have a nice talk with them, they were busy doing their own things. Her mother was busy reading and her father was busy sleeping and snoring. So Kezia had this image of her parents in her mind. They did not talk with her, they didn’t spend time with her. On the other hand, they were busy doing their own things.
Passage: She sat on a stool, gravely watched him until he woke and stretched, and asked the time — then looked at her.
Word Meaning
Gravely: seriously
Explanation of the above Passage: So all the while Kezia’s father was asleep, she would just sit on a stool and watch him carefully till the time he would wake up and stretch his body and then would ask the time and look at her.
Passage: “Don’t stare so, Kezia. You look like a little brown owl.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia’s father would compare Kezia to a little brown owl. He would say that Kezia was staring at him just like an owl does.
Passage: One day, when she was kept indoors with a cold, her grandmother told her that father’s birthday was next week and suggested she should make him a pin-cushion for a gift out of a beautiful piece of yellow silk.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia was not well, she had a cold, so she was supposed to stay at home. So, her grandmother suggested that as she was at home and her father’s birthday was approaching, she could make a birthday gift for him. She asked Keziato make a pin cushion for him and she also gave her a yellow colored fabric of silk to make the cushion.
Passage: Laboriously, with double cotton, the little girl stitched three sides.
Word Meaning
Laboriously: with lot of effort or difficulty.
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia put in lot of effort to make the birthday gift. She used double cotton (refers to a thread) and she stitched three sides of the cushion.
Passage: But what to fill it with? That was the question.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia had prepared the bag. The bag shape of the cushion. She had to stitch the fourth side and before that, she had to fill the cushion with something and she did not know what to fill the cushion with.
Passage: The grandmother was out in the garden, and she wandered into Mother’s bedroom to look for scraps.
Word Meaning
Wandered into: went into, by chance
Scraps: small pieces of cloth or paper etc that are not needed.
Explanation of the above Passage: So Kezia was confused that what should she use to fill the cushion with. As her grandmother was out in the garden and she was just looking for something, she reached her mother’s bedroom. She was looking for bits of paper or cloth to stuff in to the cushion.
Passage: On the bed-table, she discovered a great many sheets of fine paper, gathered them up, tore them into tiny pieces, and stuffed her case, then sewed up the fourth side.
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Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia is a small little girl, she is very young. Now what she do, on the bed-table she found a heap of sheet of paper. So, she just gathered all the sheets, then tore them and stuffed those pieces of paper into the cushion. And then, she stitched the fourth side of the cushion and she had prepared a birthday gift for her father. So many of you can relate to Kezia’s act. Many children do such things unknowingly. They do not intend to create any mischief or harm anyone but they end up doing it. Now Kezia has torn some important papers.
Passage: That night there was a hue and cry in the house. Father’s great speech for the Port Authority had been lost.
Word Meaning
Hue and Cry: angry protest.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now there was lot of shouting in the house because Kezia’s father had prepared a speech for the Port Authority (for a particular meeting) and he was unable to find it. Now we all know where the speech has gone. It has been torn into tiny pieces and Kezia has stuffed it into the cushion.
Passage: Rooms were searched; servants questioned. Finally Mother came into Kezia’s room.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now the family searched everywhere. They asked the servants, but no one knew where the sheets of paper had gone. And finally, the mother reached the Kezia’s room.
Passage: “Kezia, I suppose you didn’t see some papers on a table in our room?”
Explanation of the above Passage: So Kezia’s mother asked her that did she see some papers lying on a table in her mother’s room.
Passage: “Oh yes,” she said, “I tore them up for my surprise.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Now here we get to see that Kezia is an innocent girl, she did not intend to harm anyone, she was just preparing her birthday gift. And so very truly she tells her mother that she found some pieces of paper and as she needed them to stuff into the cushion, so she torn them and prepared her surprise gift. That is a birthday gift that she had prepared for her father. Unknowingly,Kezia had done a great disaster.
Passage: “What!” screamed Mother. “Come straight down to the dining-room this instant.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia’s mother is so furious when she comes to know that Kezia has torn the speech that her father is looking for. And so, she orders Kezia to come down into the dining room at that very movement.
Passage: And she was dragged down to where Father was pacing to and fro, hands behind his back.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia’s father is full of tension as his important document has been lost. Kezia has torn it into pieces. Now Kezia will be scolded for the mischief that she has done.
Passage: “Well?” he said sharply.
Mother explained.
He stopped and stared at the child.
“Did you do that?”
“N-n-no”, she whispered.
“Mother, go up to her room and fetch down the damned thing — see that the child’s put to bed this instant.
Word Meaning
The damned thing: used to express anger at something
Explanation of the above Passage: Now why is Kezia’s father referring to the cushion that she has prepared as a damned thing because he is angry at the cushion, because Kezia has torn his important document to prepare it. Now he is very angry with Kezia and he stared at her and asked her if she had torn the papers. Kezia Was so scared that she was again stammering. And then Kezia’s father ordered mother to go and bring that cushion downstairs and asked her to put Kezia to bed at that very movement.
Passage: Crying too much to explain, she lay in the shadowed room watching the evening light make a sad little pattern on the floor.
Word Meaning
shadowed room means that as it was dark, there was a light outside the room which was making shadows in the room.
a sad little pattern refers to the sad atmosphere in the room.
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia wanted to justify her action as she was innocent, she did not mean to harm her father, she was just preparing a surprise birthday gift for him. Kezia was very sad. She had been happy that she had prepared a surprise for her father and he would like it but on the other hand she had accidentally committed a disaster.
Passage: Then Father came into the room with a ruler in his hands.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now he is about to punish Kezia for the wrong act she has done.
Passage: “I am going to beat you for this,” he said.
“Oh, no, no”, she screamed, hiding under the bedclothes.
Word Meaning
Bedclothes Refers to the sheets, the top sheets that you cover yourself when you are sleeping.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia’s father told her that he would beat her with the ruler. Kezia was so scared that she tried to hide under the sheets.
Passage: He pulled them aside.
“Sit up,” he ordered, “and hold out your hands.
You must be taught once and for all not to touch what does not belong to you.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Now here we come to know that why Kezia’s father was being strict with her. Why was he punishing her. Because he wanted Kezia to know this thing once for all that she should not touch that thing that does not belong to her. He wanted to teach her this thing so that it benefitted in her future life. Right now, she was a small child, she did not know what was important and what was not important. That is why, unknowingly she has torn the important document of her father. And so, he was punishing her. He did not want to harm Kezia, but he wanted that Kezia should know that in future she should not touch anything that does not belong to her.
Passage: “But it was for your b-b-birthday.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia tried to explain her position. She said that she had been preparing a birthday gift for her father and had to stuff it with something.She just tore the pages to stuff them into the cushion. She was trying to explain to him that she was just preparing a birthday gift for him. She wanted to give him a surprise. She did not want to tear his important documents. But Kezia’s father did not listen to her excuses.
Passage: Down came the ruler on her little, pink palms.
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia’s father hit the palms of her hand with a ruler.
Passage: Hours later, when Grandmother had wrapped her in a shawl and rocked her in the rocking chair, the child clung to her soft body.
Word Meaning
Clung: to attach yourself to something
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia was so afraid. She had got beating. Her father had hit her small little palms with the ruler. And many hours later her grandmother wrapped her in a shawl and was trying to pacify her. She made her sit in her lap on a rocking chair and she was trying to put Kezia to sleep. And Kezia clung to her grandmother.
Passage: “What did God make fathers for?” she sobbed.
Explanation of the above Passage: So Kezia was still not comfortable. She was crying and she said that god should not have made fathers. She hated her father. She was so innocent. she did not know what wrong she had done. She was just preparing a gift for him. She was heartbroken as he did not understand her and said that god should not have made fathers.
Passage: “Here’s a clean hanky, darling. Blow your nose. Go to sleep, pet; you’ll forget all about it in the morning. I tried to explain to Father but he was too upset to listen tonight.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia’s Grandmother was trying to pacify her. She gave her a handkerchief, to blow her nose in it and go to sleep. She added that by morning Kezia would forget the beating. Kezia tried to justify herself.
She said that she was trying to explain to him the reason for tearing the sheets of paper but he was not ready to listen to her. So again, we see that the little child was so innocent, she did not realize that her father hit her to teach her a lesson so that she did not touch anything that did not belong to her.
Passage: But the child never forgot. Next time she saw him she quickly put both hands behind her back and a red colour flew into her cheeks.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia’s Grandmother had told her to go to sleep and that by morning she would forget the beating that her father gave her. But Kezia never forgot the beating that she had got. Whenever she saw her father approaching, she would keep her hands behind her back because she felt that maybe he would hit her again and red colour flew into her cheeks. Whenever she saw her father, she got scared and her cheeks got full of red color.
Passage: The Macdonalds lived next door. They had five children. Looking through a gap in the fence the little girl saw them playing ‘tag’ in the evening.The father with the baby, Mao, on his shoulders, two little girls hanging on to his coat pockets ran round and round the flower-beds, shaking with laughter. Once she saw the boys turn the hose on him—and he tried to catch them laughing all the time.
Explanation of the above Passage: Here the writer tells us about Kezia’s neighbors. Her neighbors were a family named Mac donalds. In all, the Mac donald’s had five children. And Kezia would peep at them through a hole in the fence. She would see that the family had a lot of fun. They played a game called tag. (Tag is a children’s game of catching one another like we play catch catch.) So, all the children along with their father would have a lot of fun. Mr. Macdonald would make his little baby Mao sit on his shoulders And the two little daughters that he had they would hang on to his coat pockets. So, all the children were so much attached to their father. They loved him so much that they would stick to him. And then they would run around the garden, around the flower beds and they would laugh and laugh and laugh. Kezia also wanted to have such fun with her father and she missed it. One day she saw that the little sons of Mrs. Macdonald opened the hose on him. They opened the water pipe and tried to make him wet. But Mr. Macdonald was not angry with them. He tried to catch them, and he was laughing. This was very strange for Kezia because her father was just the opposite of Mr. Macdonald.
Passage: Then it was she decided there were different sorts of fathers.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now when Kezia saw Mr. Macdonald, she realized that he was quiet opposite to her father. She felt that God had made various kinds of fathers.
Passage: Suddenly, one day, Mother became ill, and she and Grandmother went to hospital.
Explanation of the above Passage: One day, Kezia’s mother fell ill so she was taken to the hospital and the Grandmother also went along with her.
Passage: The little girl was left alone in the house with Alice, the cook. That was all right in the daytime but while Alice was putting her to bed she grew suddenly afraid.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia was all alone at home with the cook. The name of the cook is Alice. Now Kezia was fine during the day but at night when the cook put Kezia to bed all alone Kezia started feeling scared.
Passage: “What’ll I do if I have a nightmare?” she asked.
Word Meaning
Nightmare: a bad dream.
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia asked Alice that if she had a bad dream, what would she do all alone.
Passage: I often have nightmares and then Granny takes me into her bed—I can’t stay in the dark—it all gets ‘whispery’…”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia explained to Alice that whenever she had nightmares, she would go to her Grandmother and she would sleep with her. So, she said that she could not stay all alone in the dark because she would be scared. She could hear different kinds of whispering sounds which made her feel that there was someone around her.
Passage: “You just go to sleep, child,” said Alice, pulling off her socks, “and don’t you scream and wake your poor Pa.”
Explanation of the above Passage: So, Kezia’s father was sleeping in the next room and Alice told Kezia to sleep quietly.She removed Kezia’s socks and asked her not to scream. She warned her not to scream and wake her father. But Kezia was helpless.
Passage: But the same old nightmare came — the butcher with a knife and a rope, who came nearer and nearer, smiling that dreadful smile, while she could not move, could only stand still, crying out, “Grandma! Grandma!” She woke shivering to see Father beside her bed, a candle in his hand.
Word Meaning
A Butcher is a person who cuts animals, who cuts meat.
Explanation of the above Passage: So now this is a nightmare that Kezia had often – she would see a butcher. So this butcher would hold a big knife – a huge butcher’s knife and a rope and he would approach Kezia. He had a dreadful smile on his face. And once Kezia would see him, she would feel that she was unable to move. She was so much scared of him. She was terrified to see this butcher. And in her sleep, Kezia Cried out for help, she called for her grandmother. When Kezia woke up she was shivering, she was trembling and she saw that her father was standing next to her bed and he was holding a candle in his hand. So Kezia’s father had heard her screams and he had heard that Kezia was calling for her grandmother and he had come to help her.
Passage: “What’s the matter?” he said.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now he asked Kezia what was the matter. Why she was screaming.
Passage: “Oh, a butcher — a knife — I want Grannie.”
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia was still scared of the nightmare. She said that there was a butcher, he was holding a dreadful knife and she wanted her grandmother.
Passage: He blew out the candle, bent down and caught up the child in his arms, carrying her along the passage to the big bedroom.
Explanation of the above Passage: So here we can see the affection that Kezia’s father has for her. He blew the candle off. He lifted her and carried her to his bedroom.
Passage: A newspaper was on the bed. He put away the paper, then carefully tucked up the child.
Word Meaning
tucked up: covered up nicely in bed
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia’s father lay her in his bed next to him and covered her with the top sheets.
Passage: He lay down beside her. Half asleep still, still with the butcher’s smile all about her it seemed, she crept close to him, snuggled her head under his arm, held tightly to his shirt.
Word Meaning
Snuggled: moved into a warm, comfortable position, close to another person
Explanation of the above Passage: Now Kezia felt her father’s affection and so, she went close to him. She snuggled herself towards her father and she held his shirt tightly so that she would not feel scared again. And now Kezia had overcome her fear of her father.
Passage: Then the dark did not matter; she lay still.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now once Kezia was with her father, she was no longer afraid.
Passage: “Here, rub your feet against my legs and get them warm,” said Father.
Explanation of the above Passage: He asked Kezia to rub her feet against his legs so that they became warm.
Passage: Tired out, he slept before the little girl. A funny feeling came over her.
So as Kezia father was very tired, he slept before she did. A funny feeling came over her.
Poor Father, not so big, after all — and with no one to look after him. He was harder than Grandmother, but it was a nice hardness. And every day he had to work and was too tired to be a Mr Macdonald… She had torn up all his beautiful writing… She stirred suddenly, and sighed.
Explanation of the above Passage: Now here Kezia realizes her mistake and she had affection towards her father. She felt that her father was a poor man. He worked so hard. He was not so big as she found him to be earlier. Now she felt that her father was a poor man who worked very hard and so, he got so tired that he went off to sleep and did not play with her like Mr. Macdonald did with his children. But Kezia felt that her father’s heart was also full of love for her. She realizes that she has torn up his important document, the speech that he has written, and all this realization make sure take a deep breath. She realizes that she had been wrong and that is why her father had beaten her, he had been so strict with her.
Passage: “What’s the matter?” asked her father. “Another dream”?
Explanation of the above Passage: Although Kezia’s father was asleep, he heard her sigh. He heard the sound that Kezia made and he asked her what the matter was. Was she again watching a bad dream?
Passage: “Oh,” said the little girl, “my head’s on your heart. I can hear it going. What a big heart you’ve got, Father dear
Explanation of the above Passage: Kezia replied to her father that she had placed her head on her father’s heart and she could hear his heart beat. And she complimented her father that he had a big heart. So Kezia is showing her love for her father as she had realized that her father also loved her
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The Little Girl Question Answers
I.Given below are some emotions that Kezia felt. Match the emotions in Column A with the items in Column B.
A | B |
|
(i) father comes into her room to give her a goodbye kiss (ii) noise of the carriage grows fainter (iii) father comes home (iv) speaking to father (v) going to bed when alone at home (vi) father comforts her and falls asleep (vii) father stretched out on the sofa, snoring |
Ans.
A | B |
fear or terror | (iii) father comes home (iv) speaking to father (v) going to bed when alone at home (vii) father stretched out on the sofa, snoring |
glad sense of relief | (i) father comes into her room to give her a goodbye kiss (ii) noise of the carriage grows fainter |
a “funny” feeling, perhaps of understanding | (vi) father comforts her and falls asleep |
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
1.Why was Kezia afraid of her father?
Ans. Kezia was afraid of her father because he was strict. He stared at her and even gave her physical punishment. Instead of the love and affection that Kezia sought from her father, he gave her scoldings which instilled a fear in her mind. Her father’s giant structure also terrified little Kezia.
2. Who were the people in Kezia’s family?
Ans. In all there were four members in Kezia’s family – her strict father, her stern mother, a loving grandmother and Kezia herself.
3. What was Kezia’s father’s routine
(i) before going to his office?
(ii) after coming back from his office?
(iii) on Sundays?
Ans.
i) Before going to office, Kezia’s father would visit Kezia in her room, give her a kiss and then leave for work in his carriage.
ii) After coming back from office in the evening, Kezia’s father would order that tea be brought for him in the drawing room. He would order for his slippers and the newspapers in a loud voice.
iii) On Sunday afternoons, he would stretch out on the sofa, his handkerchief on his face, his feet on one of the best cushions, and would sleep soundly and snore.
4.In what ways did Kezia’s grandmother encourage her to get to know her father better?
Ans. Kezia’s grandmother wanted Kezia to have a strong bond of love and affection with her parents. In order to develop that, she encouraged Kezia to go downstairs every Sunday afternoon to spend time with her parents and to get to know them better.
III. Discuss these questions in class with your teacher and then write down your answers in two or three paragraphs each.
1.Kezia’s efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much.How did this happen?
Ans. Kezia was at home as she was down with fever. Her grandmother suggested that she make a surprise gift for her father as his birthday was approaching. Kezia and her grandmother planned that Kezia would make a pin cushion for him and her grandmother gave her a piece of yellow–coloured silk fabric for it. Kezia stitched the cushion from three sides and was looking for pieces of torn cloth or paper to stuff into the cushion.
As her grandmother was out in the garden, the innocent child reached her parents’ room. She found a heap of paper lying on the bed table, tore the sheets of paper into tiny bits and stuffed it into the cushion. Kezia was glad that finally, the surprise gift was ready but, in fact she had committed a serious mistake of destroying her father’s speech that he had prepared for the Port Authority.
Kezia’s father was angry with her and wanted to teach her an important lesson, not to touch anything that did not belong to her. So, he hit Kezia’s palms with a ruler to teach her a lesson.
2. Kezia decides that there are “different kinds of fathers”. What kind of father was Mr Macdonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father?
Ans. Mr Macdonald, Kezia’s next door neighbour had five children. Kezia often saw them playing in the garden.
One day, she peeped through a gap in the fence and saw them having fun. Baby Mao was sitting on Mr Macdonald’s shoulders, his two daughter stuck to his coat’s pockets and they ran all around the flower beds, laughing and having fun. His sons opened the hose on him and he tried to catch them.
This fun scene made her conclude that there were different kinds of fathers. Mr Macdonald was different from her father. He was not strict, played with his children and they laughed all the while.
On the other hand, Kezia’s father was always angry at her. He remained busy with work and later, was too tired that he slept most of the time. He stared at her, scolded her for stammering and being silly.
His strict nature made Kezia wonder that what for had God made fathers.
3.How does Kezia begin to see her father as a human being who needs her sympathy?
Ans. One day, Kezia’s mother was taken ill and went to the hospital. Grandmother too accompanied her. Kezia was left alone with the cook, Alice to look after her. At night, Alice put Kezia to bed but Kezia was reluctant to sleep without her grandmother as she would go to her in case she got scared by a nightmare. Alice put Kezia to sleep all alone and ordered her not to scream and disturb her father who was asleep in the next room. But she was again bother by the nightmare of a butcher with a knife, a rope and a dreadful smile. Kezia screamed and called her grandmother. Upon hearing her screams, her father woke up. He was holding a candle and lifted Kezia in his arms. He took her to his room and comforted her. He lay Kezia in his bed and told her to rub her feet against his legs to make them warm. Kezia felt his affection and snuggled towards him. At that moment, Kezia realized that her father worked really hard was a tired poor man who needed sympathy and concern. There was no one to look after him. Although he was big and not as soft as his grandmother, Kezia realized that he loved her, and she had affection for him.
The Little Girl Grammar Exercises
I. Look at the following sentence.
There was a glad sense of relief when she heard the noise of the carriage growing fainter…
Here, glad means happy about something.
Glad, happy, pleased, delighted, thrilled and overjoyed are synonyms (words or expressions that have the same or nearly the same meaning.) However, they express happiness in certain ways.
Read the sentences below.
• She was glad when the meeting was over.
• The chief guest was pleased to announce the name of the winner.
1. Use an appropriate word from the synonyms given above in the following sentences. Clues are given in brackets.
(i) She was ________ by the news of her brother’s wedding. (very pleased)
(ii) I was _______ to be invited to the party. (extremely pleased and excited about)
(iii) She was ___________ at the birth of her granddaughter. (extremely happy)
(iv) The coach was _________ with his performance. (satisfied about)
(v) She was very ________ with her results. (happy about something that has happened)
Ans.
(i) She was thrilled by the news of her brother’s wedding. (very pleased)
(ii) I was delighted to be invited to the party. (extremely pleased and excited about)
(iii) She was overjoyed at the birth of her granddaughter. (extremely happy)
(iv) The coach was pleased with his performance. (satisfied about)
(v) She was very happy with her results. (happy about something that has happened)
2. Now, consult a dictionary and find out the meaning of big in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you.
(i) You are a big girl now. older
(ii) Today you are going to take the biggest decision of your career.
(iii) Their project is full of big ideas.
(iv) Cricket is a big game in our country.
(v) I am a big fan of Lata Mangeshkar.
(vi) You have to cook a bit more as my friend is a big eater.
(vii) What a big heart you’ve got, Father dear.
Ans.
(i) You are a big girl now. older
(ii) Today you are going to take the biggest decision of your career.Most important
(iii) Their project is full of big ideas. ambitious
(iv) Cricket is a big game in our country. popular
(v) I am a big fan of Lata Mangeshkar.ardent
(vi) You have to cook a bit more as my friend is a big eater. gourmand
(vii) What a big heart you’ve got, Father dear.generous
II. Verbs of Reporting
1. Underline the verbs of reporting in the following sentences.
(i) He says he will enjoy the ride.
(ii) Father mentioned that he was going on a holiday.
(iii) No one told us that the shop was closed.
(iv) He answered that the price would go up.
(v) I wondered why he was screaming.
(vi) Ben told her to wake him up.
(vii) Ratan apologised for coming late to the party.
Ans.
(i) He says he will enjoy the ride.
(ii) Father mentioned that he was going on a holiday.
(iii) No one told us that the shop was closed.
(iv) He answered that the price would go up.
(v) I wondered why he was screaming.
(vi) Ben told her to wake him up.
(vii) Ratan apologised for coming late to the party.
2. Some verbs of reporting are given in the box. Choose the appropriate verbs and fill in the blanks in the following sentences.
Were complaining | shouted | replied |
remarked | ordered | suggested |
(i) “I am not afraid,” ________ the woman.
(ii) “Leave me alone,” my mother ___________.
(iii) The children ________ that the roads were crowded and noisy.
(iv) “Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of a chap after all,” ________ the master.
(v) “Let’s go and look at the school ground,” _________the sports teacher.
(vi) The traffic police ________ all the passers-by to keep off the road.
Ans.
(i) “I am not afraid,” replied the woman.
(ii) “Leave me alone,” my mother shouted.
(iii) The children were complaining that the roads were crowded and noisy.
(iv) “Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of a chap after all,” remarked the master.
(v) “Let’s go and look at the school ground,” suggested the sports teacher.
(vi) The traffic police ordered all the passers-by to keep off the road.
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Important Links
- ‘There was a little girl / Who had a little curl’
- «Была маленькая девочка с маленькими кудряшками», первая строчка детского стишка, приписываемого Генри Лонгфелло [*Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth]:
There was a little girl,
Who had a little curl
Right in the middle of her forehead;
And when she was good,
She was very, very good,
But when she was bad, she was horrid
США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь.
2013.
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