This list was compiled by Pamela Bogart at the University of Michigan English Language Institute. The list includes most of the 570 headwords of Averil Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List. The source of the words here is
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/resources/academicwordlist/awl-headwords. The definitions and examples come from selections made available by vocabulary.com, unless noted otherwise.
The manually-added notes are examples for and from graduate students in various fields at the University of Michigan.
447 words
3,623 learners
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Full list of words from this list:
-
abandon
forsake; leave behind
As people
abandon desktop computers for mobile ones, existing tech companies’ business models are being upended and new companies are blooming.Common academic collocations: abandon a hypothesis, abandon a line of research
COCA (
www.americancorpus.org) indicates academic collocates include decision, efforts, position, policy…i couldn’t find any examples in mechanical engineering, so this might be a verb used more in policy-related fields? -
abstract
existing only in the mind
The other group wrote in a more
abstract, evaluative way, prompted by questions such as “Why did the event happen?Scientific American (Dec 28, 2012)Also a noun. the abstract of an article is a structured summary of its contents. We need to supply abstracts of conference presentations for the conference program or conference proposals sometimes too.
-
access
the right to enter
But one reason may be, paradoxically, greater
access to health insurance.I need to remember to pronounce the /k/ sound in the middle: AEK sess. If not, I sound like I’m saying the verb «assess»
-
accommodate
have room for; hold without crowding
City clerks’ offices around Maine scheduled extra office hours to
accommodate same-sex couples rushing to wed.academic collocations: «accommodate needs,» «designed to accommodate [something]» common nouns that collocate with this verb are «learning, changes, differences» (COCA at
www.americancorpus.org) -
accompany
go or travel along with
Mr. Obama demands that any spending cuts be
accompanied by revenue increases. -
accumulate
get or gather together
Business would still be left with record reserves, much higher than those
accumulated in earlier recessions. -
acknowledge
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
Acknowledging differences in work style enables leaders to structure interactions better.
-
acquire
come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
The design of the product resembles gadgets made by Nest Labs, the connected home company Google
acquired earlier this year for $3.2 billion.Wall Street Journal (Sep 10, 2014)collocations: acquire a house, knowledge, experience
q is /k/
stress on QUIRE
obtain, get, buy
members of the word family: acquisition (mergers and acquisitions) -
adapt
make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
Japanese officials said
adapting overseas technologies presented a particular challenge. -
adequate
having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
Better said it had injected significant funds into the business «without
adequate returns». -
adjust
alter or regulate so as to conform to a standard
-
advocate
speak, plead, or argue in favor of
He was probably best known for his work on heart disease,
advocating prevention through exercise and diet, particularly foods low in animal fat and sodium. -
affect
have an influence upon
Would adding this data to someone’s medical record
affect health insurance rates?Slate (Jan 7, 2013) -
aggregate
a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
Using data from Twitter covering 60,000 trips,
aggregated within a ten mile radius, Fischer created this map of Europe’s transport network. -
allocate
distribute according to a plan or set apart for a purpose
Existing x86 processor designs
allocate cache on a first come, first served basis, which allows some workloads to monopolize the shared pool.Forbes (Sep 10, 2014)allocate resources
-
alter
cause to change; make different
-
ambiguous
having more than one possible meaning
-
analogy
drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity
-
annual
occurring every year
-
anticipate
regard something as probable or likely
“We
anticipate some potential short-term disruption,” Mr. Morton said, “but no significant long-term implications.” -
apparent
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
The report of Rain’s
apparent romance with popular South Korean actress Kim Tae-hee, 32, broke in local media on Tuesday. -
append
fix to; attach
The hashtag has been
appended to quite a few approving tweets. -
appreciate
be fully aware of; realize fully
There are, of course, plenty of things to
appreciate about Downton. -
approach
ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem
He said a better understanding of the links between high blood pressure and dementia could be crucial for developing new treatments or
approaches to prevention. -
appropriate
suitable for a particular person, place, or situation
Mr. Frederick said “that kind of legal strategy is perfectly
appropriate.” -
approximate
judge tentatively or form an estimate of
Food technology means they aren’t bad these days, but they’re only going to
approximate the real thing. -
arbitrary
based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
His works are often intentionally placed in unglamorous,
arbitrary surroundings like abandoned buildings, far from the sleek world of urban galleries. -
aspect
a characteristic to be considered
He will oversee all
aspects of marketing for the company, including advertising, brand management, social media, and communications, LivingSocial said on Tuesday. -
assess
estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
Another complexity: most studies
assess maternal drinking through interviews, and pregnant women might lie about or underestimate their consumption out of embarrassment or shame.Scientific American (Jan 4, 2013) -
assign
select something or someone for a specific purpose
A larger staff has been
assigned to the school, she said, including mental health professionals. -
assume
take to be the case or to be true
The market, it is generally
assumed, will eventually drive up wages. -
attach
be in contact with
“Indonesians are religious people, they are very much
attached to their religious teachings, their religious values,” he said. -
attain
gain with effort
He joined the Army near the end of and
attained the rank of staff sergeant, remaining in the United States. -
attribute
a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity
Ms. Ora
attributes much of her fashion education to her surroundings. -
authority
the power or right to give orders or make decisions
Soccer
authorities have been helping those banned with getting back on their feet and finding a way back into society. -
behalf
as the agent of or on someone’s part
The husband sits in the dominant, protective role, watching his wife’s efforts on
behalf of the family and taking pride. -
bias
a partiality preventing objective consideration of an issue
More than 300 political parties contested the last general elections, representing various concerns,
biases, cries for justice and pressure groups. -
brief
give essential information to someone
“Flu vaccines are tough,” Bresee said during a telephone
briefing with reporters. -
bulk
the property possessed by a large mass
Across Portugal, supermarkets and hypermarkets, with their inexpensive packaged goods and
bulk items, continued to gain ground. -
capable
having ability
As John Stuart Mill emphasized many years ago, those who are
capable of supporting themselves should not rely on the habitual aid of others. -
capacity
capability to perform or produce
“The hospitals treating the injured are at maximum
capacity. -
cease
put an end to a state or an activity
The company said it was also temporarily
ceasing sales of modern sporting rifles nationwide. -
channel
transmit or serve as the medium for transmission
Options include
channeling more funds to the banking sector to boost lending, buying government bonds on the secondary market and even reducing foreign currency reserves. -
chart
a visual display of data or information
In some countries, including the largest developing economies in Asia, the G.D.P.
charts show no indication that bad things ever happened. -
cite
make reference to
The ratings agency
cited India’s high saving and investment rates, relatively competitive private sector and diverse economy as rationale behind its decision. -
civil
of or occurring between or among citizens of the state
What followed, officials said, was a remarkable show of international cooperation over Syria’s
civil war. -
clarify
make clear and comprehensible
He later
clarified his meaning and said the media had his misconstrued his comments. -
classic
of recognized authority or excellence
“The Blue Angel,” adapted from Heinrich Mann’s novel “Small Town Tyrant,” is a cinema
classic that made Marlene Dietrich a star. -
code
a set of rules or principles or laws
France’s Civil
Code says one must have another nationality in order to give up French citizenship because it is forbidden to be stateless.New York Times (Jan 3, 2013) -
coherent
marked by an orderly and consistent relation of parts
That leadership vacuum, Mr. Bealefeld and others said, has inevitably depleted morale and kept the agency from developing a
coherent agenda. -
coincide
happen simultaneously
The cutbacks in education and growing youth unemployment
coincide with two demographic crises facing European governments. -
collapse
break down, literally or metaphorically
The
collapse of Latvia’s largest bank in 1995 wiped out many people’s savings. -
commence
set in motion, cause to start
-
commission
a special group delegated to consider some matter
The
commission collected evidence that showed the authorities discussed covering up killings, including by quickly burying the bodies of victims. -
commit
give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
A lawyer for the medical examiner’s office, Mimi Mairs, said the agency had
committed to “leaving no stone unturned in recalling casework she touched.” -
communicate
interchange information or ideas
By introducing the rating system to games that rely on digital distribution, Vance said, developers will be able to better
communicate their nature to consumers. -
community
group of interdependent organisms living in the same region
In November, Hurricane Sandy devastated entire
communities in coastal New York and New Jersey and killed over 100 people. -
compatible
able to exist and perform in harmonious combination
-
compensate
make amends for
The German government has already
compensated Jews who were forced to work in the ghettos. -
compile
get or gather together
Mobile video calling has risen so quickly that industry analysts have not yet
compiled exact numbers. -
complement
something added to embellish or make perfect
Third, in 2008-9, monetary and fiscal policies were
complemented by government capital injections directly into United States and European banks.New York Times (Aug 11, 2011) -
component
one of the individual parts making up a larger entity
Avoiding turnovers, hitting the offensive boards and getting to the free throw line are all key
components of an efficient offense. -
compound
a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
The New England
Compounding Center was shut down, and inspections found extensive contamination. -
comprehensive
including all or everything
“
Comprehensive investigative reports for the four equine fatalities from the inner track meet are being completed by board staff.” -
comprise
be made of
Peck, though, was surprised to learn the other team nicknames used in his league, which was
comprised entirely of white men.Washington Post (Jun 27, 2012) -
conceive
have the idea for
-
concentrate
make denser, stronger, or purer
Mostly we were silent,
concentrating on our steps, but occasionally we would chat. -
concept
an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
There is little technical artistry involved, the focus instead on simple
concepts and difficult execution. -
conclude
bring to a close
Taken together, the reports have led analysts to
conclude that after years of being an economic drag, housing is now contributing to economic growth. -
concurrent
occurring or operating at the same time
Problem solving was
concurrent with physical effort, so the brain must have adapted by developing appropriate regions to enhance neurocognition.New York Times (Sep 15, 2010) -
conduct
the way a person behaves toward other people
For years, lawmakers, urged by the NRA, have placed so-called riders on spending bills that restrict these and other agencies from
conducting such research. -
confer
have a meeting in order to talk something over
He especially prefers having a radiologist on-site because he believes that
conferring in person helps prevent mistaken readings and gets quicker results. -
confine
place limits on
Is erotic sculpture
confined to temples or particular religious cults? -
confirm
establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
The identities have yet to be officially
confirmed, he said. -
conform
be similar, be in line with
In other words, they
conformed to feminine stereotypes. -
consent
give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to
Companies also must get parental
consent before using tracking tools such as cookies that peek into children’s IP addresses and device identification numbers. -
considerable
large in number, amount, extent, or degree
In other words, the trial court wanted to treat the mass media like a public utility, which carried
considerable consequences. -
consist
have its essential character
They
consist of arms, elbows and very long finger bones connected by two layers of thin skin. -
constant
uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
False reviews are a
constant problem on consumer Web sites. -
constitute
form or compose
The FDA said it is also working on proposed safety regulations targeting imported food – which
constitutes 15% of what’s eaten in the U.S. -
constrain
hold back
Constrained school budgets are likely to prevent any mass hiring or arming of security officers.
-
construct
make by combining materials and parts
He wanted and received some honest feedback to help
construct a game plan that would put them in better positions to succeed. -
consult
get or ask advice from
She said she had decided to step down after
consulting family members and friends. -
consume
use up, as resources or materials
The technology in theory allows for thinner screens that
consume less power. -
contact
be in or establish communication with
Beck made eye
contact with me and nodded. -
contemporary
belonging to the present time
There is, in other words, much to appreciate about
contemporary movies this year. -
context
the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation
Geological Survey has posted some useful
context and interpretation. -
contract
a binding agreement that is enforceable by law
Other league business will also resume, including trades and
contract signings. -
contradict
prove negative; show to be false
The C.I.A.’s acting director, Michael Morell, recently
contradicted that, saying harsh techniques did produce some tips that led to Bin Laden. -
contrary
exact opposition
On the
contrary, he wrote, such clauses are used in most debt restructuring exercises, and investors “would expect Greece to use it.” -
contribute
give to some cause
In 2009, researchers at Mount Sinai Medical Center reported finding evidence suggesting that the chemicals may also
contribute to obesity in girls. -
controversy
a dispute where there is strong disagreement
But the performance has been clouded by
controversy. -
convene
meet formally
-
converse
carry on a discussion
But people in traditional societies
converse constantly, learning from one another and sharing. -
convert
change the nature, purpose, or function of something
Let us embrace book shelves that
convert to dining room tables. -
convince
make realize the truth or validity of something
They are still not
convinced of Mr. Bozizé’s good will. -
cooperate
work together on a common enterprise or project
We are
cooperating with authorities and conducting a full internal investigation. -
core
the choicest or most vital part of some idea or experience
College admission personnel will focus on your performance in this year’s
core academic classes. -
correspond
be compatible, similar, or consistent
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had made the temporary cease-fire by Israel’s airplanes conditional on a
corresponding halt to rocket fire from Gaza. -
create
bring into existence
What started as a few coins to buy one hen ends up
creating jobs for people all over Ghana. -
criterion
the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
Regulators say lenders must consider at least eight
criteria, including a borrower’s credit history, debt obligations, employment status, income and assets. -
crucial
of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
Developing Internet programming is a
crucial part of Sony’s future, he said. -
culture
a particular society at a particular time and place
“It was really mixed
cultures growing up,” she said. -
currency
the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used
-
cycle
a periodically repeated sequence of events
But real estate tends to move in longer
cycles, and Mr. Case is still saying now is a good time to buy. -
debate
a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal
“Political capital in the gun
debate only goes so far. -
decade
a period of 10 years
Decades ago, Andrews whittled wood, watching the shavings fall away to reveal something recognizable.
-
decline
grow worse
But there will be less dancing now, because the chickens’ numbers have
declined. -
deduce
conclude by reasoning
-
define
show the form or outline of
Relative greatness can be tricky to
define across tennis eras. -
definite
precise; explicit and clearly defined
While there are no
definite plans yet, “we are looking to broaden our outreach beyond New York,” said Terry Lynam, a spokesman for North Shore.New York Times (Mar 8, 2012) -
demonstrate
give an exhibition of to an interested audience
“Over a century of experience in the United States has
demonstrated the powerful role women’s colleges play in educating women leaders.” -
denote
be a sign or indication of
Heard in that light, the work’s agonized gestures, halting pace and tense silences
denoted courage and ineffable dignity.New York Times (Mar 12, 2012) -
deny
declare untrue; contradict
Both the military and Mr. Qadri have publicly
denied working together. -
depress
push down
«It was the most
depressing meeting ever,» said one attendee who spoke on the condition of anonymity. -
derive
come from
He said his son was «a very simple person at heart» who »
derives pleasures from simple things in life.» -
design
the act of working out the form of something
The previous models had identical
designs that made it easier for bump drafting because the front and rear bumpers lined up squarely.New York Times (Jan 12, 2013) -
detect
discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
But soon enough, they
detected something wrong, not least that Mr. Holmes was apparently trying to conceal a handgun. -
device
an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
Mr. Scal said wireless fitness
devices were becoming popular because they address basic needs for consumers, unlike another trend seen at the show, enormous televisions. -
devote
dedicate
He says movies based on video games rarely please
devoted fans and could taint the brand. -
differentiate
be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait
“Whirlpool’s key
differentiating points are quality and innovation,” said Mr. Beck, and “the icing is that, hey, we’re made in the United States.” -
dimension
a construct distinguishing objects or individuals
And then there are Houston’s narrow field
dimensions, a factor in United’s struggles this year. -
diminish
decrease in size, extent, or range
The market malfunctions have been assigned part of the blame for the
diminishing amount of trading happening on the nation’s stock exchanges. -
discrete
constituting a separate entity or part
-
displace
cause to move, usually with force or pressure
“There are these young guys in the camps, very well dressed, that are definitely not
displaced persons,” Mr. Goffeau said. -
display
something intended to communicate a particular impression
Eighty of his black-and-white photographs, taken over a 70-year period, will be on
display in this exhibition. -
dispose
throw or cast away
Food trash has to be
disposed of immediately, the futon tucked into its slot every morning, each object stored after use. -
distinct
recognizable; marked
The small plant in Montreal is divided into two
distinct operations. -
distort
twist and press out of shape
But he insists that his work has been intentionally
distorted by critics. -
distribute
give to several people
Mr. Guevara said he believed the institute should stop producing films and be limited to, say, renting out sets and
distributing movies. -
diverse
distinctly dissimilar or unlike
“They represent what New York City is all about: a truly
diverse melting pot.” -
document
writing that provides information
The
document showed that the containers originated in Iran and declared the contents to be “building materials.” -
domain
territory over which rule or control is exercised
He said China’s claims included an area that was “clearly part of the Philippines’ territory and maritime
domain.” -
dominate
be in control
The Chinese economy remains
dominated by manufacturing and factory overcapacity still exists in some sectors. -
draft
any of the various versions in the development of a work
Rethinking Those Words for Screen Any writer knows the sinking feeling: This line, this
draft, this entire project, is not quite working. -
drama
a work intended for performance by actors on a stage
She studied art, music and
drama in high school and later attended Compton Community College. -
duration
the period of time during which something continues
The researchers also found that short sleep
duration and snoring were each independently associated with a greater likelihood of sleepy driving. -
economy
the system of production and distribution and consumption
The Chinese
economy remains dominated by manufacturing and factory overcapacity still exists in some sectors. -
element
one of the individual parts making up a composite entity
The importance of employment for former fighters is acknowledged as an important
element of keeping them from picking up arms again. -
eliminate
end, take out, or do away with
School districts have reported
eliminating thousands of jobs, increasing class sizes and reducing library services and other programs. -
emerge
come out into view, as from concealment
But an
emerging labor shortage, particularly of young workers, has changed that picture. -
emphasis
special importance or significance
Instead, Mr. Langston explained, the
emphasis is on using existing geriatricians as educators and consultants for the generalist physicians who will actually treat older patients. -
empirical
derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
The precise impact can only be determined by careful analysis unencumbered by dogmatic beliefs not anchored in
empirical results. -
enable
provide the means to perform some task
New technologies have raised productivity and profits, while
enabling companies to shed workers and slice payroll. -
encounter
a casual or unexpected convergence
Mr. Reimer also reported that both diesel engines shut off around this time, Mr. Sumwalt said, though he
encountered no problems with steering. -
enforce
compel to behave in a certain way
These rules were strictly
enforced using the flight recording equipment they carried. -
enhance
make better or more attractive
Happily, the field is evolving in ways that may
enhance safety. -
enormous
extraordinarily large in size or extent or degree
Some exhibits designed by Gallagher & Associates are less enticing, including
enormous interactive video databases. -
ensure
make certain of
The Interior Department remains focused on
ensuring safe drilling rather than barring drilling off Alaska’s coast. -
entity
that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence
He said about half of all companies today were structured as so-called pass-through
entities. -
environment
the totality of surrounding conditions
“I would rather him be in a classroom
environment,” Ms. Allen said. -
equate
consider or describe as similar or analogous
Bacon said physical activity was important to good health but might not necessarily
equate with weight loss. -
equip
provide with, usually for a specific purpose
Some are getting rid of checkout lanes and registers altogether in favor of roaming clerks
equipped with mobile devices, for instance. -
equivalent
being essentially comparable to something
And 100 half-time employees are considered
equivalent to 50 full-time employees. -
erode
become ground down or deteriorate
“The state’s historical lack of spending has had an
eroding effect on the district,” he said. -
establish
set up or found
The most recent one was
established by Ford Motors in Mountain View, Calif., in June. -
estate
extensive landed property retained by the owner
Today he earns his living in the real
estate market niche known as A.R.V., for “after repair value.” -
estimate
judge tentatively
By some
estimates, half of the nation’s health care plans are run by companies in the Nashville area. -
ethic
the principles of right and wrong for an individual or group
Professor Gillers, the legal
ethics expert, agreed, saying the
ethics rules do not forbid paying for information. -
ethnic
distinctive of the ways of living of a group of people
A vibrant
ethnic melting pot, Marseille is also home to an increasing number of contemporary art and avant-garde performances. -
evaluate
estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
On Wednesday, his office released a statement saying the public prosecutor would
evaluate the commission’s findings. -
eventual
expected to follow in the indefinite future
-
evident
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
In addition, the report’s loss estimates are somewhat surprising given that the loans it examined were made after the mortgage crisis became
evident. -
evolve
undergo development
“This is an
evolving and emerging threat,” he said. -
exceed
be superior or better than some standard
An earlier review by the commission found that credit card tips
exceeded 20 percent in fall 2009. -
exclude
prevent from entering; shut out
The most rigorous Drug Free Sport testing panel
excludes drugs like peptide hormones, stimulants, narcotics and many masking agents. -
exhibit
show; make visible or apparent
Some
exhibits designed by Gallagher & Associates are less enticing, including enormous interactive video databases. -
expand
make bigger or wider in size, volume, or quantity
American economic output has continued to
expand at a sluggish pace. -
expert
a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully
But even so, such controls have some benefits, public health
experts say. -
explicit
precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable
And then there’s the film’s
explicit subject matter. -
exploit
use or manipulate to one’s advantage
But their potential in other subject areas is already being
exploited. -
export
sell or transfer abroad
Such findings have implications for national
export officials. -
expose
show; make visible or apparent
Empty picture frames hang on
exposed brick walls, blank as the mind. -
external
happening or arising outside some limits or surface
“
External demand seems to be holding up better than we had thought,” Mr. Moëc said. -
extract
remove, usually with some force or effort
Green tea
extracts, more richly concentrated with EGCG, may not be much better. -
facilitate
make easier
“We have seen over and over again that states are very eager to
facilitate direct investment promotion efforts,” Mr. Riskind said. -
factor
anything that contributes causally to a result
So other
factors, such as genetics, may be more important for human longevity. -
feature
a prominent attribute or aspect of something
The organic results
featured several Nike entries and various shoe retailers, but no comparison shopping sites, at least not on the first page. -
federal
of a government with central and regional authorities
Currently, people using the card get only one free withdrawal per deposit of
federal funds. -
finance
the commercial activity of providing funds and capital
Some of the student exchanges are
financed by the Erasmus Program, while others rely on joint agreements. -
finite
bounded in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent
But a broken bone, unlike stretched ligaments, usually heals completely in a
finite period of time. -
flexible
able to adjust readily to different conditions
Where screens are concerned, apparently, the future remains
flexible. -
fluctuate
move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern
This create a
fluctuating magnetic field that generates heat without physical contact. -
focus
the concentration of attention or energy on something
The second half
focused on specific 20th-century songs in the Gilbert and Sullivan style. -
format
the organization of data according to preset specifications
What customers are now seeing reflects changes in the
format of Google results. -
formula
a symbolic representation of the composition of a compound
One former member of the DNA Subcommittee said he was concerned the
formula was based on assumptions, not practice. -
forthcoming
easygoing and open when speaking or sharing information
Reflecting on the match Broad outlined the problem clearly enough but was less
forthcoming about the likely solution.«Forthcoming» also implies that someone will say something that others might be reluctant to say, or that the context might suggest one would be uncomfortable saying.
-
foundation
education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field
The
foundation has grown, supporting visual as well as performing artists and changing its name to the
Foundation for Contemporary Arts. -
framework
the underlying structure
-
function
what something is used for
Her best works
function like brilliant collages, creating meaning through idiosyncratic constellations of references and concepts. -
fund
a reserve of money set aside for some purpose
A year later, he and other enthusiasts received a state charter to start collecting
funds and archival material. -
fundamental
serving as an essential component
“Providing access to the
fundamental technology is entirely different,” he said in an e-mail Friday. -
furthermore
in addition
Furthermore, the train in Europe or Asia is likely to have traveled at much higher speed.
-
gender
properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of sex
Thousands marching for
gender justice on New Years eve.The vocabulary.com definitions of gender lack a common academic use of the word in sociology, anthropology, and other social sciences to denote the socially constructed category of gender identity, e.g. what it means to be «male» or «female» and how something in-between is silently categorized as abnormal.
-
generate
bring into existence
But China is not particularly interested in sharing much of the wealth the railroad would
generate. -
generation
a coming into being
Among them: research showing that boomers are giving their time to community groups at higher rates than past
generations. -
globe
an object with a spherical shape
Some artists have created somewhat darker snow
globes. -
goal
the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve
“
Goals can be extremely effective, depending on how people set and approach them,” he says. -
grade
a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
In all, 17,000 students and more than 1,100 teachers would be affected by closings, program changes and new
grade configurations. -
grant
allow to have
-
guarantee
an unconditional commitment that something will happen
He found his previous job within 30 days, picking up a year’s
guaranteed contract work in Hartford. -
guideline
a rule that provides direction for appropriate behavior
Hang gliding became safer as technology improved and training
guidelines were established. -
hierarchy
a series of ordered groupings within a system
-
highlight
move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent
One particularly striking finding in their analysis
highlights the power that comes with drawing the maps. -
hypothesis
a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
His
hypothesis was neglected for many years because the methodology for detecting such chemical factors in the living embryo was not yet available.Scientific American (Jan 3, 2013) -
identical
being the exact same one
The previous models had
identical designs that made it easier for bump drafting because the front and rear bumpers lined up squarely.New York Times (Jan 11, 2013) -
identify
give the name or characteristics of
The spokeswoman declined to be
identified by name, citing company policy. -
ideology
an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group
Unfortunately, some United States officials are so captured or captivated by the
ideology of modern banking that they want to play along. -
ignorance
the lack of knowledge or education
One thing I felt keenly while reading was the
ignorance of even great minds, based on when they lived in history.New York Times (Jun 6, 2012) -
illustrate
depict with a visual representation
Investigators have so far not linked any historical pipeline problems to malicious cyberactivity, but software malfunctions have
illustrated the potential threat. -
image
a visual representation produced on a surface
Images of a hang glider soaring through the Grand Canyon were offset by reports of dozens of pilots dying each year in accidents.
-
immigrate
come into a new country and change residency
When Mr. Salomon was 19, he
immigrated to the United States; his father worked in a factory in New York City. -
impact
have an effect upon
Whatever the economic
impact of low interest rates, they seem to be helping corporate America. -
implement
apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design
The big idea: Many business leaders struggle with
implementing strategic change. -
implicate
bring into intimate and incriminating connection
The cases involving big banks, he said, lacked sufficient evidence
implicating C.E.Os. -
implicit
suggested though not directly expressed
But he said there was an
implicit understanding that high-ranking officials were off limits. -
imply
express or state indirectly
Foreign exchange reserves have remained largely static for 18 months,
implying that the Chinese central bank has made no major intervention in the currency. -
impose
compel to behave in a certain way
Similar restrictions have been
imposed by the United Kingdom, Chile and Brazil. -
incentive
a positive motivational influence
But using generous economic
incentives and relying on conventions has been called an outdated economic strategy. -
incidence
the relative frequency of occurrence of something
-
incline
lower or bend, as in a nod or bow
Corporations are generally
inclined to settle potential cases because even being indicted can cripple business. -
income
the amount of money one makes over a period of time
Even if
income tax rates are higher later, I think the tax deferral” makes up for that increase. -
incorporate
unite or merge with something already in existence
-
indicate
designate a place, direction, person, or thing
Instead, he
indicated he might have some inside information on who will be. -
individual
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
“Everybody needs to put
individual thoughts behind them,” Smith said. -
induce
cause to act in a specified manner
Ms. Ortega was not in a medically
induced coma. -
inevitable
incapable of being avoided or prevented
But, he said, “In time, as society becomes more comfortable and legal concerns are ironed out, full autonomy will become practical,
inevitable and necessary.” -
infer
conclude by reasoning
-
infrastructure
the basic features of a system or organization
Mongolia’s vast grasslands have long attracted adventure travelers, particularly those willing to go on horseback, but a limited tourism
infrastructure has kept numbers low. -
inherent
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
But all predictions based on computer projections have
inherent uncertainties. -
inhibit
limit the range or extent of
However, she said that the respondents might have been
inhibited in answering because their interviews were carried out in front of other family members. -
initial
occurring at the beginning
In fact, Emery still has
initial interviews scheduled. -
initiate
set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for
In the last half-dozen presidential campaigns, the news media have attempted to bring more accountability by
initiating ad watches and fact checks. -
injure
cause damage or affect negatively
Players saw Smith benched two months ago because he admitted he was
injured. -
innovate
bring something new to an environment
They are really looking for someone to
innovate in nutrition and hunger solutions. -
insert
put or introduce into something
He said he tried unsuccessfully to
insert renovations into Lincoln Center’s master plan, “but basically the program was over.” -
insight
clear or deep perception of a situation
But he found that being calm, clear and compassionate gave him better
insights and better timing. -
inspect
look over carefully
Accredited outside auditors
inspected the factory on Walmart’s behalf at least twice in 2011, he said. -
instance
an item of information that is typical of a class or group
Research has found, for
instance, that Indian mothers tend to breast-feed boys longer than they do girls, Ms. Anderson said. -
institute
set up or lay the groundwork for
The Electric Power Research
Institute has some advice, none of it encouraging.There is an additional meaning of «institute» not raised in vocabulary.com, that is, to implement.
-
instruct
impart skills or knowledge to
He is not technically an assistant coach, but he helps
instruct the quarterbacks. -
integral
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
As this season has gone on, it has become more
integral in Seattle’s offense. -
integrate
make into a whole or make part of a whole
This mission is complicated by the fact that Moscow’s ruling class is, in fact, already deeply
integrated into Western Europe. -
integrity
an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting
Engineers determined that weaker ones were originally installed, raising concerns about the structure’s
integrity. -
intelligence
the ability to comprehend
He also noted that to carry out commando raids, the American military needs bases, an
intelligence network and arrangements for medical evacuation. -
intense
extremely sharp
“Currently in China people are unusually sensitive to developments like this, and so the reaction has been quite
intense,” Mr. Zhan said. -
interact
do something together or with others
He clearly enjoyed
interacting with sports fans of Chicago he respects. -
intermediate
around the middle of a scale of evaluation
Has also assumed a bigger role in the passing game, primarily at the
intermediate levels. -
internal
located inward
The
Internal Revenue Service issued guidance to employers to increase withholding from paychecks beginning Tuesday to match new tax rates at every income level. -
interpret
make sense of; assign a meaning to
But people do
interpret and observe religion differently and, as Celtics Coach Doc Rivers noted, a fair number of folks “do work on Christmas.” -
interval
the distance between things
Players who sustained head injuries also received scans at three
intervals after the injuries, with researchers using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. -
intervene
get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action
Meanwhile, financial markets remain focused on how the European Central Bank might actually go about
intervening in government bond markets.New York Times (Aug 20, 2012) -
intrinsic
belonging to a thing by its very nature
-
investigate
conduct an inquiry of
Police detectives are
investigating several thefts in at least two precincts that appear to include the same suspects, said Sgt. -
invoke
cite as an authority
Yet the concepts
invoked are often abstract, requiring reflection and explanation. -
involve
contain as a part
Another United States Attorney’s office could reopen that investigation, several lawyers
involved in the case said, although that is unlikely. -
isolate
place or set apart
That damage would have been reduced by about two-thirds if controllers in Houston
isolated the rupture as soon as problems emerged, investigators said. -
issue
some situation or event that is thought about
The big
issues that Nokia faces, he said, are “managing efficiently, building great products and changing the way we operate. -
journal
a periodical dedicated to a particular subject
-
justify
show to be right by providing proof
Justifying her sentence, she noted that the men were driven by financial motives and difficult family circumstances rather than ideology.
-
label
a brief description given for purposes of identification
Ms. Lutz, the Living Essentials spokeswoman, said the bold “No Crash Later” statement on product
labels was followed by a special mark. -
layer
a single thickness of some substance or material
“If Disney can drive more value from existing infrastructure by
layering on technology, that is extremely powerful,” said Mr. Brown of Lo-Q. -
lecture
an educational talk delivered by a teacher in a classroom
But each year, Mr. Wright gives a
lecture on his experiences as a parent of a child with special needs. -
legal
established by or founded upon law or official rules
As required by state law, the patient’s
legal guardian was notified, along with local law enforcement. -
legislate
make laws or bills
But the recently introduced Lisbon Treaty has widened the scope for Brussels to ask member nations to
legislate on criminal matters.New York Times (Dec 8, 2010) -
locate
determine the place of by searching or examining
But no one has ever thought that the fountain might be
located beneath a house in Maine. -
maintain
keep in a certain state, position, or activity
Mr. Sprecher indicated that he was willing to
maintain two headquarters, ICE’s home in Atlanta and the Big Board’s center in New York City. -
major
greater in number or size or amount
Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. also is meeting separately Thursday with
major gun retailers, including Wal-Mart. -
manipulate
influence or control shrewdly or deviously
As the financial crisis was heating up, Barclays said it
manipulated rates to increase profits and hide its failing financial health. -
manual
of or relating to the hands
However, back at the other office, Mr. Tuli did point out an engineer who was translating
manuals for companies assembling DataWind tablets in China. -
margin
the boundary line or area immediately inside the boundary
The new military spending bill, known as the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act, was passed in both houses of Congress by wide
margins. -
mature
having reached full natural growth or development
Coach Mike Smith said Monday they had learned from and been
matured by their recent disappointments. -
mechanism
device consisting of a piece of machinery
Mr. Kasuri expressed surprise over the government’s failure to install an effective firewall
mechanism despite having months to do so. -
medium
the surrounding environment
Witnesses told local news
media that the helicopter appeared to have exploded after hitting the ground. -
mediate
act between parties with a view to reconciling differences
A few violence interrupters were
mediating between the gangs’ leaders, while the rest worked the crowd, calming people down. -
medical
relating to the study or practice of medicine
But some critics said that poor and uninsured patients sometimes used the emergency room as their primary source of
medical care. -
mental
involving the mind or an intellectual process
Yet Justice Del Giudice, who was scheduled to sentence Mr. Isaac, ordered a
mental health examination instead. -
method
a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
Other schools have also adopted inventive
methods to promote graduating in four years.What’s missing in this definition is «the scientific method,» or the «Methods» section of a research paper.
-
migrate
move from one country or region to another and settle there
Jeffrey Hart is a Briton
migrating back and forth between Canada and the United States on work visas, gaining experience in natural building.New York Times (Aug 20, 2012) -
minimal
the least possible
The fighters are operating on a
minimal budget, eating just one meal a day, he added. -
minimum
the smallest possible quantity
Employees will be given a
minimum 60-day notice before any furlough of longer than 22 days takes place, according to the document. -
minor
inferior in number or size or amount
In my next post, we’ll look at how seemingly
minor details in a transaction, if not handled properly, can make your life miserable. -
mode
how something is done or how it happens
Altogether, shifting transportation
modes would drive up prices, he said, adding, “Rail is not the answer.” -
modify
cause to change; make different
Riders complained about inaccurate
modified schedules on the Web site — a criticism the agency sometimes acknowledged. -
monitor
keep an eye on; keep under surveillance
A screen in one corner relayed footage from the closed circuit cameras installed across the office floors,
monitoring staff activity. -
motive
the reason that arouses action toward a desired goal
But his prime
motive in choosing Google, he said, was online collaboration. -
mutual
common to or shared by two or more parties
Teams are taught four skill sets: leadership,
mutual support, situation monitoring and communication. -
negate
make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of
She notes that salad dressing packets typically contain as many as four servings, which can
negate any nutritional value of the greens.Washington Post (Dec 20, 2011) -
neutral
having no personal preference
As head of state, the queen performs some ceremonial and formal duties related to government but must remain
neutral on political matters.New York Times (Dec 19, 2012) -
nevertheless
despite anything to the contrary
Nevertheless, Mr. Ostreicher ended up in June 2011 as the only American in Palmasola Prison, an experience he described as “sheer terror.”
-
nonetheless
despite anything to the contrary
Nonetheless, Mr. Cowen’s illnesses have led to his falling about $8,400 behind in his rent; he could face eviction proceedings beginning next month.
-
norm
a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
However, let’s take it one step further, beyond social
norms. -
normal
conforming with a standard, level, or type
“I think this is going to end up like a regular summer weekend, no more busy than
normal,” he said. -
notion
a general inclusive concept
The
notion that India’s weak manufacturing sector can catch up to China in advanced computer hardware also strikes some experts as far-fetched. -
notwithstanding
despite anything to the contrary
-
nuclear
constituting the core or central part
A few prominent environmentalists argue that the rapidly heating world cannot make wrenching changes without
nuclear power to ease the transition. -
objective
the goal intended to be attained
Mr. Dempsey’s stated main
objective was to preserve as many Tully’s jobs as possible. -
obtain
come into possession of
A Web site marketing Wegelin’s services said, «Neither the Swiss government nor any other government can
obtain information about your bank account.» -
obvious
easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind
Jet lag’s severity depends on several factors, the most
obvious being how many time zones you crossed. -
occupy
live in (a certain place)
Next to it is a lane usually
occupied by parked vehicles, and then a traffic lane. -
occur
be found to exist
However nothing else
occurred, and in a few minutes he had gone back to sleep. -
offset
a compensating equivalent
That is a particularly weighty question, given the urgent need for tax revenue to
offset the ballooning federal budget deficit. -
ongoing
currently happening
-
option
one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
“All
options are on the table,” said a senior European official who is participating in the talks but was not authorized to speak publicly. -
outcome
something that results
Sure, compound interest has a powerful
outcome, but it takes an awfully long time to become fun and exciting. -
output
production of a certain amount
American economic
output has continued to expand at a sluggish pace. -
overall
involving only main features
-
overlap
extend over and cover a part of
The building housed a research center run by the national security agency, one of many
overlapping intelligence agencies.New York Times (Jul 19, 2012) -
panel
sheet that forms a distinct section of something
On request, Mr. Singh showed a sample of a touchscreen
panel that he said had been made at DataWind’s manufacturing unit in Montreal. -
paradigm
a standard or typical example
Even if these new shows end up being remakes of familiar
paradigms, more is at stake here. -
parallel
being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting
Increasingly she turned to writing about the recipes she was trying as her interest in cooking deepened in
parallel to her relationship. -
participate
be involved in
“All options are on the table,” said a senior European official who is
participating in the talks but was not authorized to speak publicly. -
passive
lacking in energy or will
On this night, Ms. Meade basically brought to a character a vulnerability that came across as
passive. -
perceive
become aware of through the senses
Insurance, like taxes, quantifies the
perceived societal cost of an activity. -
period
an amount of time
“We were a little bit lost last year when he was out for such an extended
period of time,” Troy Brouwer said. -
persist
continue to exist
While the specific numbers have most likely shifted over time, the basic categories
persist. -
perspective
a way of regarding situations or topics
It is helpful to summarize the important policy effects on the labor market from workers’
perspectives in terms of marginal tax rates. -
phase
any distinct time period in a sequence of events
“He’s progressively gotten better in all
phases,” Haslett said. -
phenomenon
any state or process known through the senses
Researchers found that employee turnover slows down considerably as businesses get older and bigger, which could be contributing to the wage
phenomenon. -
philosophy
a belief accepted as authoritative by some group or school
He often coupled common sense with Greek
philosophy, which, he wrote, «seemed to astonish the whole journalistic fraternity in New York City.» -
physical
involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
Various companies showed off tools that intervened in our
physical lives. -
policy
a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
“Chuck Hagel is out of the mainstream,” Mr. Graham says, “on most issues regarding foreign
policy.” -
portion
something determined in relation to a thing that includes it
A large
portion of that is held by a group of hedge funds including York Capital Management, which invests heavily in distressed debt. -
pose
put into a certain place or abstract location
Pointing out the potential hazards
posed by data brokers and the like is part of Mr. Fertik’s M.O. -
positive
characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance
“Call me an optimist, but I see
positive indications of the markets moving forward,” he said. -
potential
existing in possibility
Investors fixated last year on so-called tail risks, or
potential negative surprises. -
practitioner
someone who carries out a learned profession
“Many
practitioners haven’t caught up to the advanced technology yet,” he said. -
precede
be earlier in time
-
precise
sharply exact or accurate or delimited
The
precise impact can only be determined by careful analysis unencumbered by dogmatic beliefs not anchored in empirical results. -
predict
make a guess about what will happen in the future
Research is why he will never live in Seattle, he said; scientists are
predicting a big earthquake someday. -
predominant
having superior power or influence
-
preliminary
preceding or in preparation for something more important
West Bengal: A
preliminary medical examination suggested that a three-year-old girl was raped in Goai village, the Indian Express reported. -
presume
take to be the case or to be true
The 32 remaining passengers are
presumed to have drowned. -
previous
just preceding something else in time or order
He found his
previous job within 30 days, picking up a year’s guaranteed contract work in Hartford. -
primary
of first rank or importance or value
But some critics said that poor and uninsured patients sometimes used the emergency room as their
primary source of medical care. -
prime
of or relating to the first or originating agent
Acquiring the service would not only give Apple access to
prime data but also, as Search Engine Land noted, would complement Apple in other ways. -
principal
main or most important
Among Wall Street’s
principal concerns about Facebook has been the company’s ability to profit as its users increasingly log in on their mobile phones. -
principle
a basic generalization that is accepted as true
The business was built on two main
principles: outstanding customer service and offering high-quality clothes to help people become accepted into society, relatives said. -
prior
earlier in time
Mr. Akhtar said that no
prior warning or threat had been given to his organization by militants. -
priority
status established in order of importance or urgency
“When you are running investments, your
priority needs to be maximizing return.” -
proceed
move ahead; travel onward in time or space
If successful, lawyers said, future
proceedings, at least in the pre trial stage, will be open. -
process
a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
Hall of Fame voting is ultimately designed to be a consensus
process. -
professional
of or relating to or suitable as an occupation
Mitchell, 30, entered his last fight coming off the longest layoff of his
professional career. -
prohibit
command against
One student studying preschool education said she was
prohibited from quitting her internship and was compelled to work night shifts. -
project
a planned undertaking
The landscaping
project was announced in 2011 but has taken time to advance through public review as officials wrestled with the security question. -
promote
contribute to the progress or growth of
Some rinks installed concrete floors to
promote cooling, but others employed newer technologies. -
proportion
relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
Insulin is known to fuel cell growth, and cancer cells consume glucose out of
proportion to other nutrients. -
prospect
the possibility of future success
Nothing to do, no
prospects for getting out. -
protocol
forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by officials
But organizations that foster student musicians still mostly insist on standard
protocols. -
psychology
the science of mental life
David Popplewell of Brasenose College grilled an experimental
psychology candidate by asking: «Why do human beings have two eyes?» -
publication
the act of issuing printed materials
The New York Times and other mainstream
publications published hundreds of the documents Private Manning is accused of leaking. -
publish
prepare and issue for public distribution or sale
The Smoking Gun Web site
published the document online. -
purchase
something acquired by buying
He also said that there are no minimum
purchases required by distributors, denouncing so-called «pay to play» allegations. -
pursue
follow in an effort to capture
Ask for help
pursuing that interest beyond class assignments. -
qualitative
involving distinguishing attributes
-
radical
far beyond the norm
Voters appeared to prefer stability over Mr. Moon’s calls for
radical change. -
random
lacking any definite plan or order or purpose
Monte Carlo methods use a
random process to solve complicated problems. -
range
a variety of different things or activities
He successfully fought to keep cost increases within a manageable
range. -
ratio
relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
Pythagoras, he tells us, used the concept of dissonance in coming to his theories about the simple
ratios of whole numbers. -
rational
consistent with or based on or using reason
Is there any
rational reason to think that things will change next year? -
react
show a response to something
Every college coach wants smart players — athletes who can grasp complex offenses, dissect sophisticated defenses and
react quickly under pressure. -
recover
regain or make up for
Figure Skating Championships later this month while he
recovers from hip surgery. -
refine
reduce to a pure state
But experts also suggested that concepts of fat be
refined. -
regime
the governing authority of a political unit
“In general, I think the
regime in Damascus is approaching collapse,” he said. -
region
the extended spatial location of something
The
region is loaded with iron, and mining companies will continue to go after it. -
regulate
bring into conformity with rules, principles, or usage
While closely
regulated by the Department of Environmental Conservation, New York also offers great fishing opportunities. -
reinforce
strengthen and support
Patterns of one or the other are
reinforced over time. -
reject
refuse to accept or acknowledge
Intermittent fighting increased last month when the rebels
rejected a government demand that they allow supply convoys to reach an army base. -
relax
become loose or looser or less tight
At a Tuesday morning news conference, Saban seemed
relaxed. -
release
grant freedom to; free from confinement
Another senior official, speaking anonymously because he was not authorized to
release military information, said two pilots were on board. -
relevant
having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
«But working on something so
relevant to society caught my attention.» -
reluctance
a certain degree of unwillingness
But he was expressing some
reluctance to get on board. -
rely
have confidence or faith in
But there is an inherent risk in anything that
relies on transporting natural resources because demand can vary. -
remove
take something away as by lifting, pushing, or taking off
Six thousand fewer tons of steel trusses, which were
removed in 2004. -
require
have need of
Current law
requires reporting multiple purchases of handguns, but not semi-automatic assault rifles. -
research
a seeking for knowledge
Research has found, for instance, that Indian mothers tend to breast-feed boys longer than they do girls, Ms. Anderson said.
-
reside
live in
I was intrigued by our parallel worlds — two Muslim Middle Eastern women, eyes lined with pencils of coal,
residing in the United States. -
resource
aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed
But there is an inherent risk in anything that relies on transporting natural
resources because demand can vary. -
respond
show a reaction to something
Protest leaders said the court had given the state six days to
respond. -
restore
bring back into original existence, function, or position
Some other buildings in the area have yet to have their phone service
restored, however, Verizon officials said. -
restrain
hold back
Additional cuts in government spending later this year, above those already emanating from the cap on discretionary spending, would further
restrain job creation. -
restrict
limit access to
But of greater concern was this: A hang gliding flight that crossed into
restricted airspace was ineligible for the record book. -
retain
hold back within
Hirscher
retained his lead in the overall World Cup standings. -
reveal
make known to the public information previously kept secret
If prodded, Mr. Gogu will
reveal a few celebrity stories. -
revenue
the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
That is a particularly weighty question, given the urgent need for tax
revenue to offset the ballooning federal budget deficit. -
reverse
change to the contrary
But Mrs. Nader and some others are beginning to
reverse that trend. -
revise
reorganize, especially for the purpose of improving
The
revised editorial instead lauded Communist Party’s policies. -
revolution
a single complete turn
The biggest winner in this
revolution will likely be Google, with its free Android operating system. -
rigid
fixed and unmoving
The result is the smallest, most
rigid playing field in recent history: One that excludes 41 states. -
role
the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
Newsome remembers Lewis’s first news conference after his
role in the Atlanta murders was resolved. -
route
an established line of travel or access
Alabama, en
route to its third national title in four years, scored the first three times it had the ball. -
scenario
a postulated sequence of possible events
“They are always prepared for different
scenarios,” he said of the government. -
schedule
a list of times at which things are planned to occur
Washington is
scheduled to open its season Saturday at Tampa Bay. -
scheme
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
Some of these offers turned out to be Ponzi
schemes. -
scope
an area in which something operates or has power or control
The credit can also apply to a wide
scope of industries — not just manufacturing, but computer software, architects, engineers, and food processing firms. -
section
one of several parts or pieces that fit with others
The Journal is planning a full page of excerpts in its Leisure & Arts
section on Wednesday. -
sector
a particular aspect of life or activity
The China corporate
sector has been battling falling profits. -
secure
free from danger or risk
Register online well in advance to
secure a spot at your preferred test site. -
sequence
a following of one thing after another in time
“We built five separate set pieces to shoot different parts of the
sequence,” Mr. Hennah said. -
series
similar things placed in order or one after another
But laying out a
series of possible routes would allow readers to make an educated choice. -
shift
move very slightly
While the specific numbers have most likely
shifted over time, the basic categories persist. -
significant
important in effect or meaning
«To go this far without
significant problems after the worst housing crisis since the Great Depression is remarkable,» Mr. Griffith said. -
simulate
reproduce someone’s behavior or looks
-
so-called
doubtful or suspect
Better still, he said, are
so-called unconstrained bond funds whose managers have great flexibility in how they invest. -
source
the place where something begins
According to a reliable
source, “Baseball has ruled on it. -
specific
distinguishing something particular or unique
Department stores like Saks Fifth Avenue use e-mail to target
specific audiences, but older shoppers still must sift through clothes and accessories for all ages. -
specify
be particular about
The sentence mentioning the alternate swearing-in does not
specify a date, and government officials have said that means Mr. Chávez can be sworn in later. -
sphere
a round three-dimensional closed surface
After surviving the collapse of the twin towers, the battered
sphere was moved to Battery Park. -
stable
resistant to change of position or condition
Mr. Abrams said rental companies preferred to keep prices
stable and spend their energy on trying to gain market share. -
statistic
a datum that can be represented numerically
In recent years, a growing number of high schools have stopped providing class rankings to colleges, raising questions about the value of the
statistic. -
status
the condition or someone or something at a particular time
But he has made no mention of addressing North Korea’s
status as one of the world’s least wired nations. -
straightforward
pointed directly ahead
«We are always looking for sophisticated and
straightforward dishes to add to our tailgate menu,» Jackson wrote. -
strategy
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
But using generous economic incentives and relying on conventions has been called an outdated economic
strategy. -
stress
difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension
An estimated 75 to 90 percent of all doctors’ visits are related to
stress. -
structure
the building of something and the arrangement of its parts
Engineers determined that weaker ones were originally installed, raising concerns about the
structure’s integrity. -
style
a particular kind
Tunisian
Style Baked Cauliflower Frittata In the authentic version of this frittata there is a lot more olive oil, as well as chopped hard-boiled eggs. -
submit
hand over formally
-
subordinate
lower in rank or importance
-
subsequent
following in time or order
But nothing in Mr. Sullivan’s universe is random, and
subsequent chapters reveal a tangle of dark meanings under the surface. -
subsidy
a grant of financial assistance, especially by a government
-
substitute
a person or thing that can take the place of another
Cellphones, email and Skype allow more connection among family members and loved ones, but are no
substitute for being there. -
successor
a person who follows next in order
His
successor at the U.S. unit will be announced later, BP said. -
sufficient
of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement
The cases involving big banks, he said, lacked
sufficient evidence implicating C.E.Os. -
summary
a brief statement that presents the main points
In the committee meetings, the
summaries prepared by the first and second readers are often read out loud and discussed. -
supplement
an additional component that improves capability
Some contain anabolic steroids, and even high-quality protein
supplements might be dangerous in large amounts, or if taken to replace meals, he said. -
survey
ask people questions in order to gather data
A
survey in China on Monday found manufacturing activity in that country expanded for the third consecutive month. -
survive
continue in existence after
Last week, in fact, he
survived a vigilante assassination attempt; a car bomb reportedly killed the would-be assassin. -
suspend
stop a process or a habit by imposing a freeze on it
Last spring, Binghamton University
suspended pledging after a series of complaints about people being physically abused, deprived of sleep and forced to drink heavily. -
sustain
lengthen or extend in duration or space
He balked at describing the actions as “harassment” or “molestation,” saying that implied aggravated or
sustained behavior. -
symbol
something visible that represents something invisible
She is looking for dinnerware painted with winged goddesses, holding aloft trumpets and bald eagles, which are
symbols of the Society of the Cincinnati. -
target
a reference point to shoot at
In the mid-1990s, some joined suicide bombing attacks aimed at military and civilian
targets, sometimes deflecting suspicion by dressing as though pregnant. -
task
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
The
task had taken considerably longer than expected. -
technical
of or relating to aptitude in a practical skill
Ultimately, Mr. Bevan noticed that Iran had published limited
technical details of its cartridges, including bullet weights. -
technique
a practical method or art applied to some particular task
Each had been a licensed peace officer for five to seven years and had received specialized training in investigative
techniques and firearms. -
technology
the practical application of science to commerce or industry
New
technologies have raised productivity and profits, while enabling companies to shed workers and slice payroll. -
temporary
not permanent; not lasting
Then in late March, a
temporary law financing the government expires. -
terminate
be the last or concluding part of
Terminating that case without a further fight, however, would mean giving up on charging other detainees with those offenses.
-
text
the words of something written
Writing essays has never been my strong suit; I have as much difficulty conveying sincerity through
text as I do in speech. -
theme
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
“I derive my
themes from what’s happening in everyday life,” Ms. Dimoula had said earlier. -
theory
a belief that can guide behavior
“In
theory you could have fired that cannon,” Mr. Browne said, “because the powder was still working.” -
thereby
by that means or because of that
In principle, work and investment decisions become more efficient and
thereby raise growth. -
thesis
an unproved statement advanced as a premise in an argument
My original
thesis that only Washington Nationals employees, Washington Nationals fans and D.C. media members supported the strategy has turned out to be incorrect.Washington Post (Aug 29, 2012) -
topic
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
Her newest book, “Prime Time,” a mix of advice on health, fitness, friendship, sex and other
topics, recently came out in paperback. -
trace
an indication that something has been present
North Korea also deployed equipment to
trace cellphone signals. -
tradition
a specific practice of long standing
Yes, it’s a New York
tradition, the first gathering having taken place in 1904. -
transfer
move from one place to another
He ended up at Division III Greensboro College for two years until Clark secured his
transfer to Stanford. -
transform
change or alter in appearance or nature
Regulators say money market funds need to be fundamentally
transformed to prevent them from creating too much systemic risk.
Created on December 28, 2012
(updated October 25, 2016)
150 Vocabulary Word-Definition Lists and Worksheets for Middle – High School
Here are a total of 150 downloadable learning and instructional documents to help with expanding and building vocabulary for middle and high school students. These cover a variety of topics, and include word and definition lists, vocabulary exercises, worksheets and lessons. They are pdf files, unless indicated as .doc format. Update: here are our latest vocabulary posts: 373 Greek and Latin Roots in English Words, Vocabulary For Middle and High School Students and 106 More Vocabulary and Spelling Worksheets, Lists, Texts and Videos, Grades 1-8. Also, don’t miss 150 Spelling Books to freely download.
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- Vocabulary Lesson 6 – Writing and Editing.doc
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- Vocabulary Lesson 15 – Medicine .doc
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- Vocabulary Lesson 17 – Language and Literature.doc
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– love learning -your best ed lessons guide, Scott
Words beginning with A — list and definitions learning English
What will I learn from the English lesson a list verbs beginning with A ?
This lesson is a list of words beginning with A from the big list of A to Z of words and definitions to help you, when you don’t know the meaning of the word. It is important not to try and remember the words, but just to use the list as a reference guide to help you.
How do I use this English book of words A to Z?
Click on each letter of the alphabet to get the list of the idioms with an explanation of each.
[ A ] [ B ] [ C ] [ D ] [ E ] [ F ] [ G ] [ H ] [ I ] [ J ] [ K ] [ L ] [ M ] [ N ] [ O ] [ P ] [ Q ] [ R ] [ S ] [ T ] [ U ] [ V ] [ W ] [ X ] [ Y ] [ Z ]
The big book of words uses the following grammar after each word
After each word is listed you will see one of the following v, n or adj. To get a more detailed explanation of each click on each link.
- n. (noun) — is a name word
- v. (verb) — is an action word
- ad. (adjective/adverb) — is used as a describing word
Words Beginning with A.
abase v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade.
abbess n. The lady superior of a nunnery.
abbey n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns.
abbot n. The superior of a community of monks.
abdicate v. To give up (royal power or the like).
abdomen n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor;the belly.
abdominal n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen.
abduction n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally.
abed adv. In bed; on a bed.
aberration n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course.
abet v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense).
abeyance n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction.
abhorrence n. The act of detesting extremely.
abhorrent adj. Very repugnant; hateful.
abidance n. An abiding.
abject adj. Sunk to a low condition.
abjure v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath.
able-bodied adj. Competent for physical service.
ablution n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body.
abnegate v. To renounce (a right or privilege).
abnormal adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard.
abominable adj. Very hateful.
abominate v. To hate violently.
abomination n. A very detestable act or practice.
aboriginal adj. Primitive; unsophisticated.
aborigines n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country.
aboveboard adv. & adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery.
abrade v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction.
abrasion n. That which is rubbed off.
abridge v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles.
abridgment n. A condensed form as of a book or play.
abrogate v. To abolish, repeal.
abrupt adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break.
abscess n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body.
abscission n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation.
abscond v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest.
absence n. The fact of not being present or available.
absent-minded adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business.
absolution n. Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses.
absolve v. To free from sin or its penalties.
absorb v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water.
absorption n. The act or process of absorbing.
abstain v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something).
abstemious adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food.
abstinence n. Self denial.
abstruse adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood.
absurd adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense.
abundant adj. Plentiful.
abusive adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment.
abut v. To touch at the end or boundary line.
abyss n. Bottomless gulf.
academic adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university.
academician n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science.
academy n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught.
accede v. To agree.
accelerate v. To move faster.
accept v. To take when offered.
access n. A way of approach or entrance; passage.
accessible adj. Approachable.
accession n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government.
accessory n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent.
acclaim v. To utter with a shout.
accommodate v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor.
accompaniment n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part.
accompanist n. One who or that which accompanies.
accompany v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion.
accomplice n. An associate in wrong-doing.
accomplish v. To bring to pass.
accordion n. A portable free-reed musical instrument.
accost v. To speak to.
account n. A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions.
accouter v. To dress.
accredit v. To give credit or authority to.
accumulate v. To become greater in quantity or number.
accuracy n. Exactness.
accurate adj. Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard.
accursed adj. Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune.
accusation n. A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error.
accusatory adj. Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation.
accuse v. To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error.
accustom v. To make familiar by use.
acerbity n. Sourness, with bitterness and astringency.
acetate n. A salt of acetic acid.
acetic adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar.
ache v. To be in pain or distress.
Achillean adj. Invulnerable.
achromatic adj. Colorless,
acid n. A sour substance.
acidify v. To change into acid.
acknowledge v. To recognize; to admit the genuineness or validity of.
acknowledgment n. Recognition.
acme n. The highest point, or summit.
acoustic adj. Pertaining to the act or sense of hearing.
acquaint v. To make familiar or conversant.
acquiesce v. To comply; submit.
acquiescence n. Passive consent.
acquire v. To get as one’s own.
acquisition n. Anything gained, or made one’s own, usually by effort or labor.
acquit v. To free or clear, as from accusation.
acquittal n. A discharge from accusation by judicial action.
acquittance n. Release or discharge from indebtedness, obligation, or responsibility.
acreage n. Quantity or extent of land, especially of cultivated land.
acrid adj. Harshly pungent or bitter.
acrimonious adj. Full of bitterness.
acrimony n. Sharpness or bitterness of speech or temper.
actionable adj. Affording cause for instituting an action, as trespass, slanderous words.
actuality n. Any reality.
actuary n. An officer, as of an insurance company, who calculates and states the risks and premiums.
actuate v. To move or incite to action.
acumen n. Quickness of intellectual insight, or discernment; keenness of discrimination.
acute adj. Having fine and penetrating discernment.
adamant n. Any substance of exceeding hardness or impenetrability.
addendum n. Something added, or to be added.
addle v. To make inefficient or worthless; muddle.
adduce v. To bring forward or name for consideration.
adhere v. To stick fast or together.
adherence n. Attachment.
adherent adj. Clinging or sticking fast.
adhesion n. The state of being attached or joined.
adieu inter. Good-by; farewell.
adjacency n. The state of being adjacent.
adjacent n. That which is near or bordering upon.
adjudge v. To award or bestow by formal decision.
adjunct n. Something joined to or connected with another thing, but holding a subordinate place.
adjuration n. A vehement appeal.
adjutant adj. Auxiliary.
administrator n. One who manages affairs of any kind.
admissible adj. Having the right or privilege of entry.
admittance n. Entrance, or the right or permission to enter.
admonish v. To warn of a fault.
admonition n. Gentle reproof.
ado n. unnecessary activity or ceremony.
adoration n. Profound devotion.
adroit adj. Having skill in the use of the bodily or mental powers.
adulterant n. An adulterating substance.
adulterate v. To make impure by the admixture of other or baser ingredients.
adumbrate v. To represent beforehand in outline or by emblem.
advent n. The coming or arrival, as of any important change, event, state, or personage.
adverse adj. Opposing or opposed.
adversity n. Misfortune.
advert v. To refer incidentally.
advertiser n. One who advertises, especially in newspapers.
advisory adj. Not mandatory.
advocacy n. The act of pleading a cause.
advocate n. One who pleads the cause of another, as in a legal or ecclesiastical court.
aerial adj. Of, pertaining to, or like the air.
aeronaut n. One who navigates the air, a balloonist.
aeronautics n. the art or practice of flying aircraft
aerostat n. A balloon or other apparatus floating in or sustained by the air.
aerostatics n. The branch of pneumatics that treats of the equilibrium, pressure, and mechanical properties.
affable adj. Easy to approach.
affect v. To act upon
affectation n. A studied or ostentatious pretense or attempt.
affiliate n. Some auxiliary person or thing.
affirmative adj. Answering yes; to a question at issue.
affix v. To fasten.
affluence n. A profuse or abundant supply of riches.
affront n. An open insult or indignity.
afire adv. & adj. On fire, literally or figuratively.
afoot adv. In progress.
aforesaid adj. Said in a preceding part or before.
afresh adv. Once more, after rest or interval.
afterthought n. A thought that comes later than its appropriate or expected time.
agglomerate v. To pile or heap together.
aggrandize v. To cause to appear greatly.
aggravate v. To make heavier, worse, or more burdensome.
aggravation n. The fact of being made heavier or more heinous, as a crime , offense, misfortune, etc.
aggregate n. The entire number, sum, mass, or quantity of something.
aggress v. To make the first attack.
aggression n. An unprovoked attack.
aggrieve v. To give grief or sorrow to.
aghast adj. Struck with terror and amazement.
agile adj. Able to move or act quickly, physically, or mentally.
agitate v. To move or excite (the feelings or thoughts).
agrarian adj. Pertaining to land, especially agricultural land.
aide-de-camp n. An officer who receives and transmits the orders of the general.
ailment n. Slight sickness.
airy adj. Delicate, ethereal.
akin adj. Of similar nature or qualities.
alabaster n. A white or delicately tinted fine-grained gypsum.
alacrity n. Cheerful willingness.
albeit conj. Even though.
albino n. A person with milky white skin and hair, and eyes with bright red pupil and usually pink iris.
album n. A book whose leaves are so made to form paper frames for holding photographs or the like.
alchemy n. Chemistry of the middle ages, characterized by the pursuit of changing base metals to gold.
alcohol n. A volatile, inflammable, colorless liquid of a penetrating odor and burning taste.
alcoholism n. A condition resulting from the inordinate or persistent use of alcoholic beverages.
alcove n. A covered recess connected with or at the side of a larger room.
alder n. Any shrub or small tree of the genus Alumnus, of the oak family.
alderman n. A member of a municipal legislative body, who usually exercises also certain judicial functions.
aldermanship n. The dignity, condition, office, or term of office of an alderman.
alias n. An assumed name.
alien n. One who owes allegiance to a foreign government.
alienable adj. Capable of being aliened or alienated, as lands.
alienate v. To cause to turn away.
alienation n. Estrangement.
aliment n. That which nourishes.
alkali n. Anything that will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, etc.
allay v. To calm the violence or reduce the intensity of; mitigate.
allege v. To assert to be true, especially in a formal manner, as in court.
allegory n. The setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness.
alleviate v. To make less burdensome or less hard to bear.
alley n. A narrow street, garden path, walk, or the like.
alliance n. Any combination or union for some common purpose.
allot v. To assign a definite thing or part to a certain person.
allotment n. Portion.
allude v. To refer incidentally, or by suggestion.
allusion n. An indirect and incidental reference to something without definite mention of it.
alluvion n. Flood.
ally n. A person or thing connected with another, usually in some relation of helpfulness.
almanac n. A series of tables giving the days of the week together with certain astronomical information.
aloof adv. Not in sympathy with or desiring to associate with others.
altar n. Any raised place or structure on which sacrifices may be offered or incense burned.
alter v. To make change in.
alteration n. Change or modification.
altercate v. To contend angrily or zealously in words.
alternate n. One chosen to act in place of another, in case of the absence or incapacity of that other.
alternative n. Something that may or must exist, be taken or chosen, or done instead of something else.
altitude n. Vertical distance or elevation above any point or base-level, as the sea.
alto n. The lowest or deepest female voice or part.
altruism n. Benevolence to others on subordination to self-interest.
altruist n. One who advocates or practices altruism.
amalgam n. An alloy or union of mercury with another metal.
amalgamate v. To mix or blend together in a homogeneous body.
amateur adj. Practicing an art or occupation for the love of it, but not as a profession.
amatory adj. Designed to excite love.
ambidextrous adj. Having the ability of using both hands with equal skill or ease.
ambiguous adj. Having a double meaning.
ambitious adj. Eagerly desirous and aspiring.
ambrosial adj. Divinely sweet, fragrant, or delicious.
ambulance n. A vehicle fitted for conveying the sick and wounded.
ambulate v. To walk about
ambush n. The act or state of lying concealed for the purpose of surprising or attacking the enemy.
ameliorate v. To relieve, as from pain or hardship
amenable adj. Willing and ready to submit.
Americanism n. A peculiar sense in which an English word or phrase is used in the United States.
amicable adj. Done in a friendly spirit.
amity n. Friendship.
amorous adj. Having a propensity for falling in love.
amorphous adj. Without determinate shape.
amour n. A love-affair, especially one of an illicit nature.
ampere n. The practical unit of electric-current strength.
ampersand n. The character &; and.
amphibious adj. Living both on land and in water.
amphitheater n. An edifice of elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena.
amplitude n. Largeness.
amply adv. Sufficiently.
amputate v. To remove by cutting, as a limb or some portion of the body.
amusement n. Diversion.
anachronism n. Anything occurring or existing out of its proper time.
anagram n. The letters of a word or phrase so transposed as to make a different word or phrase.
analogous adj. Corresponding (to some other) in certain respects, as in form, proportion,relations.
analogy n. Reasoning in which from certain and known relations or resemblance others are formed.
analyst n. One who analyzes or makes use of the analytical method.
analyze v. To examine minutely or critically.
anarchy n. Absence or utter disregard of government.
anathema n. Anything forbidden, as by social usage.
anatomy n. That branch of morphology which treats of the structure of organisms.
ancestry n. One’s ancestors collectively.
anecdote n. A brief account of some interesting event or incident.
anemia n. Deficiency of blood or red corpuscles.
anemic adj. Affected with anemia.
anemometer n. An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of wind.
anesthetic adj. Pertaining to or producing loss of sensation.
anew adv. Once more.
angelic adj. Saintly.
Anglophobia n. Hatred or dread of England or of what is English.
Anglo—Saxon n. The entire English race wherever found, as in Europe, the United States, or India.
angular adj. Sharp-cornered.
anhydrous adj. Withered.
animadversion n. The utterance of criticism or censure.
animadvert v. To pass criticism or censure.
animalcule n. An animal of microscopic smallness.
animate v. To make alive.
animosity n. Hatred.
annalist n. Historian.
annals n. A record of events in their chronological order, year by year.
annex v. To add or affix at the end.
annihilate v. To destroy absolutely.
annotate v. To make explanatory or critical notes on or upon.
annual adj. Occurring every year.
annuity n. An annual allowance, payment, or income.
annunciation n. Proclamation.
anode n. The point where or path by which a voltaic current enters an electrolyte or the like.
anonymous adj. Of unknown authorship.
antagonism n. Mutual opposition or resistance of counteracting forces, principles, or persons.
Antarctic adj. Pertaining to the south pole or the regions near it.
ante v. In the game of poker, to put up a stake before the cards are dealt.
antecede v. To precede.
antecedent n. One who or that which precedes or goes before, as in time, place, rank, order, or causality.
antechamber n. A waiting room for those who seek audience.
antedate v. To assign or affix a date to earlier than the actual one.
antediluvian adj. Of or pertaining to the times, things, events before the great flood in the days of Noah.
antemeridian adj. Before noon.
antemundane adj. Pertaining to time before the world’s creation.
antenatal adj. Occurring or existing before birth.
anterior adj. Prior.
anteroom n. A room situated before and opening into another, usually larger.
anthology n. A collection of extracts from the writings of various authors.
anthracite n. Hard coal.
anthropology n. The science of man in general.
anthropomorphous adj. Having or resembling human form.
antic n. A grotesque, ludicrous, or fantastic action.
Antichrist n. Any opponent or enemy of Christ, whether a person or a power.
anticlimax n. A gradual or sudden decrease in the importance or impressiveness of what is said.
anticyclone n. An atmospheric condition of high central pressure, with currents flowing outward.
antidote n. Anything that will counteract or remove the effects of poison, disease, or the like.
antilogy n. Inconsistency or contradiction in terms or ideas.
antipathize v. To show or feel a feeling of antagonism, aversion, or dislike.
antiphon n. A response or alteration of responses, generally musical.
antiphony n. An anthem or other composition sung responsively.
antipodes n. A place or region on the opposite side of the earth.
antiquary n. One who collects and examines old things, as coins, books, medals, weapons, etc.
antiquate v. To make old or out of date.
antique adj. Pertaining to ancient times.
antiseptic n. Anything that destroys or restrains the growth of putrefactive micro- organisms.
antislavery adj. Opposed to human slavery.
antispasmodic adj. Tending to prevent or relieve non-inflammatory spasmodic affections.
antistrophe n. The inversion of terms in successive classes, as in «the home of joy» and «the joy of home».
antitoxin n. A substance which neutralizes the poisonous products of micro-organisms.
antonym n. A word directly opposed to another in meaning.
anxious adj. Distressed in mind respecting some uncertain matter.
apathy n. Insensibility to emotion or passionate feeling.
aperture n. Hole.
apex n. The highest point, as of a mountain.
aphorism n. Proverb.
apiary n. A place where bees are kept.
apogee n. The climax.
apology n. A disclaimer of intentional error or offense.
apostasy n. A total departure from one’s faith or religion.
apostate adj. False.
apostle n. Any messenger commissioned by or as by divine authority.
apothecary n. One who keeps drugs for sale and puts up prescriptions.
apotheosis n. Deification.
appall v. To fill with dismay or horror.
apparent adj. Easily understood.
apparition n. Ghost.
appease v. To soothe by quieting anger or indignation.
appellate adj. Capable of being appealed to.
appellation n. The name or title by which a particular person, class, or thing is called.
append v. To add or attach, as something accessory, subordinate, or supplementary.
appertain v. To belong, as by right, fitness, association, classification, possession, or natural relation.
apposite adj. Appropriate.
apposition n. The act of placing side by side, together, or in contact.
appraise v. To estimate the money value of.
appreciable adj. Capable of being discerned by the senses or intellect.
apprehend v. To make a prisoner of (a person) in the name of the law.
apprehensible adj. Capable of being conceived.
approbation n. Sanction.
appropriate adj. Suitable for the purpose and circumstances.
aqueduct n. A water-conduit, particularly one for supplying a community from a distance.
aqueous adj. Of, pertaining to, or containing water.
arbiter n. One chosen or appointed, by mutual consent of parties in dispute, to decide matters.
arbitrary adj. Fixed or done capriciously.
arbitrate v. To act or give judgment as umpire.
arbor n. A tree.
arboreal adj. Of or pertaining to a tree or trees.
arborescent adj. Having the nature of a tree.
arboretum n. A botanical garden or place devoted to the cultivation of trees or shrubs.
arboriculture n. The cultivation of trees or shrubs.
arcade n. A vaulted passageway or street; a roofed passageway having shops, etc., opening from it.
archaic adj. Antiquated
archaism n. Obsolescence.
archangel n. An angel of high rank.
archbishop n. The chief of the bishops of an ecclesiastical province in the Greek, Roman, and Anglican church.
archdeacon n. A high official administrator of the affairs of a diocese.
archaeology n. The branch of anthropology concerned with the systematic investigation of the relics of man.
archetype n. A prototype.
archipelago n. Any large body of water studded with islands, or the islands collectively themselves.
ardent adj. Burning with passion.
ardor n. Intensity of passion or affection.
arid adj. Very dry.
aristocracy n. A hereditary nobility
aristocrat n. A hereditary noble or one nearly connected with nobility.
armada n. A fleet of war-vessels.
armful n. As much as can be held in the arm or arms.
armory n. An arsenal.
aroma n. An agreeable odor.
arraign v. To call into court, as a person indicted for crime, and demand whether he pleads guilty or not.
arrange v. To put in definite or proper order.
arrangement n. The act of putting in proper order, or the state of being put in order.
arrant adj. Notoriously bad.
arrear n. Something overdue and unpaid.
arrival n. A coming to stopping-place or destination.
arrogant adj. Unduly or excessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc.
arrogate v. To take, demand, or claim, especially presumptuously or without reasons or grounds.
Artesian well n. A very deep bored well. water rises due to underground pressure
artful adj. Characterized by craft or cunning.
Arthurian adj. Pertaining to King Arthur, the real or legendary hero of British poetic story.
artifice n. Trickery.
artless adj. Ingenuous.
ascendant adj. Dominant.
ascension n. The act of rising.
ascent n. A rising, soaring, or climbing.
ascetic adj. Given to severe self-denial and practicing excessive abstinence and devotion.
ascribe v. To assign as a quality or attribute.
asexual adj. Having no distinct sexual organs.
ashen adj. Pale.
askance adv. With a side or indirect glance or meaning.
asperity n. Harshness or roughness of temper.
aspirant n. One who seeks earnestly, as for advancement, honors, place.
aspiration n. An earnest wish for that which is above one’s present reach.
aspire v. To have an earnest desire, wish, or longing, as for something high and good, not yet attained.
assailant n. One who attacks.
assassin n. One who kills, or tries to kill, treacherously or secretly.
assassinate v. To kill, as by surprise or secret assault, especially the killing of some eminent person.
assassination n. Murderer, as by secret assault or treachery.
assay n. The chemical analysis or testing of an alloy ore.
assent v. To express agreement with a statement or matter of opinion.
assess v. To determine the amount of (a tax or other sum to be paid).
assessor n. An officer whose duty it is to assess taxes.
assets n. pl. Property in general, regarded as applicable to the payment of debts.
assiduous adj. Diligent.
assignee n. One who is appointed to act for another in the management of certain property and interests.
assimilate v. To adapt.
assonance n. Resemblance or correspondence in sound.
assonant adj. Having resemblance of sound.
assonate v. To accord in sound, especially vowel sound.
assuage v. To cause to be less harsh, violent, or severe, as excitement, appetite, pain, or disease.
astringent adj. Harsh in disposition or character.
astute adj. Keen in discernment.
atheism n. The denial of the existence of God.
athirst adj. Wanting water.
athwart adv. From side to side.
atomizer n. An apparatus for reducing a liquid to a fine spray, as for disinfection, inhalation, etc.
atone v. To make amends for.
atonement n. Amends, reparation, or expiation made from wrong or injury.
atrocious adj. Outrageously or wantonly wicked, criminal, vile, or cruel.
atrocity n. Great cruelty or reckless wickedness.
attaché n. A subordinate member of a diplomatic embassy.
attest v. To certify as accurate, genuine, or true.
attorney-general n. The chief law-officer of a government.
auburn adj. Reddish-brown, said usually of the hair.
audacious adj. Fearless.
audible adj. Loud enough to be heard.
audition n. The act or sensation of hearing.
auditory adj. Of or pertaining to hearing or the organs or sense of hearing.
augment v. To make bigger.
augur v. To predict.
Augustinian adj. Pertaining to St. Augustine, his doctrines, or the religious orders called after him.
aura n. Pervasive psychic influence supposed to emanate from persons
aural adj. Of or pertaining to the ear.
auricle n. One of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins.
auricular adj. Of or pertaining to the ear, its auricle, or the sense of hearing.
auriferous adj. Containing gold.
aurora n. A luminous phenomenon in the upper regions of the atmosphere.
auspice n. favoring, protecting, or propitious influence or guidance.
austere adj. Severely simple; unadorned.
autarchy n. Unrestricted power.
authentic adj. Of undisputed origin.
authenticity n. The state or quality of being genuine, or of the origin and authorship claimed.
autobiography n. The story of one’s life written by himself.
autocracy n. Absolute government.
autocrat n. Any one who claims or wields unrestricted or undisputed authority or influence.
automaton n. Any living being whose actions are or appear to be involuntary or mechanical.
autonomous adj. Self-governing.
autonomy n. Self-government.
autopsy n. The examination of a dead body by dissection to ascertain the cause of death.
autumnal adj. Of or pertaining to autumn.
auxiliary n. One who or that which aids or helps, especially when regarded as subsidiary or accessory.
avalanche n. The fall or sliding of a mass of snow or ice down a mountain-slope, often bearing with it rock.
avarice n. Passion for getting and keeping riches.
aver v. To assert as a fact.
averse adj. Reluctant.
aversion n. A mental condition of fixed opposition to or dislike of some particular thing.
avert v. To turn away or aside.
aviary n. A spacious cage or enclosure in which live birds are kept.
avidity n. Greediness.
avocation n. Diversion.
avow v. To declare openly.
awaken v. To arouse, as emotion, interest, or the like.
awry adv. & adj. Out of the proper form, direction, or position.
aye adv. An expression of assent.
azalea n. A flowering shrub.
azure n. The color of the sky.
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