When writing a formal letter in English, it’s important to use the appropriate language and tone. Following are some useful tips for letter writing or, to be more precise, phrases that you may need when writing formal letters.
Starting
- We are writing you with reference to (the above order).
- With reference to your advertisement/letter of 10 March……
- We are pleased to have your inquiry of 25 of July….
- We acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated 12 April …..
- With reference to your letter inquiring about…
- With reference to our telephone conversation yesterday (about…),…
- We wish to remind you that…..
- I am writing this letter to request the cancellation of……..
- I am writing this letter to complain in the strongest terms about the poor service that I have received from your company.
Action
- Please advise us as soon as the…….
- Please open a ………….in favour of (name of the company)……….
- Payment can be made on any basis acceptable to you.
- Could you please supply us with information about the company’s standing.
- We have been informed (by one of our clients) that……….
- We regret to inform you, (however,) that….
- Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience caused.
- We must insist on…
- Please note that the closing date/deadline for the ……… is 30 September, so will you please complete the attached forms and return them as soon as possible.
- Any information you supply will be treated confidentially.
- May we remind you that your statement is still outstanding.
- Will you kindly balance your account promptly.
- We are puzzled to have had no remittance from you.
- You already have an overdraft of….
- Please give the matter your immediate attention.
- We will be left with no alternative but to (take legal action)… unless payment is received within the next seven days.
- Our circumstances do not allow us to wait/to go on waiting any longer.
- Please look into the matter.
- We were dissatisfied to find that….
- We shall have to terminate the contract.
- On examination we have found…
- We greatly appreciated your patience in this matter.
Enclosures and Attachment
- We would be grateful if you could forward/send any further information (you may have) about…. (products and terms of payment/this case)
- We will be pleased to supply any further information you require.
- We are sending the herewith the……
- We look forward to doing business to our mutual advantage.
- We would like to make a decision on this as soon as possible.
- In the meantime, we suggest that you call the ………
- We hope to meet your requirements.
- Please send us by return the terms and conditions on …………..
- For purposes of quick contact a reply by telephone would be appreciated.
- We look forward to the opportunity of being at your service.
- Could you please let us know in your earliest convenience whether the above terms and conditions are acceptable for you.
- We hope that the matter will be settled to our mutual satisfaction.
- We very much hope that you will be able to…..
- I would be grateful if you could spare me a few minutes.
- As our demand/request/issue is very urgent, a quick answer would be appreciated.
- Would you (also forward details of charges)………. at your earliest convenience?
- I should/would be pleased if you could send me …….
- We trust/hope you will find this condition acceptable.
- If there is any other information you need, please do not hesitate to contact us at the above e-mail address.
- Thanking you in advance.
- I would be most grateful if you would reply as soon as possible so that this matter can be resolved to everyone’s satisfaction.
- Please find enclosed….
- I am enclosing…….
- Please find attached….
Writing Formal Letters | Image
Linking Words and Phrases
Useful Words and Phrases for Writing Formal Letters.
Нам бывает непросто выразить свои мысли лаконично и связно, когда мы общаемся на английском, пишем электронные письма по работе, отправляем сообщения иностранным друзьям. Сегодня расскажем, какие связующие выражения и вводные слова можно использовать, чтобы сделать вашу речь красивой, понятной и логичной.
Что такое linking words
Для начала нужно разобраться, что такое linking words и зачем их нужно знать.
Linking words — это связующие элементы, которые употребляют для логического перехода от одной мысли к другой. Они сделают вашу речь или письмо понятнее для англоговорящего читателя и обеспечат более высокий балл при сдаче любого экзамена. По-другому их называют discourse markers — маркеры беседы, связующие обороты речи.
Linking words могут быть выражены отдельными словами (например, however) или фразами (например, as a result), относиться к разным частям речи и употребляться в разных частях предложения.
Часть речи | Слова-связки | Место в предложении | Пример |
---|---|---|---|
Союз | Like, because, although | В большинстве случаев ставятся в середине предложения, но могут быть и в начале, например although. | Although shopping online is quite cheap, delivery periods can be very long. — Несмотря на то, что покупать онлайн довольно дешево, сроки доставки могут быть очень долгими. |
Предлог | Due to, despite the fact that, because | Ставятся перед существительными. | Young professionals are moving abroad because of low salaries in their native country. — Молодые специалисты переезжают за границу из-за низких зарплат в их родной стране. |
Наречие | Therefore, indeed | Ставятся в начале предложения, выделяются запятыми. | The deadlines of the project are close. Therefore, we need to begin the launch of our product. — Сроки завершения проекта поджимают. Поэтому нам нужно запускать наш продукт. |
Linking words можно разделить на множество групп в зависимости от их функции (противопоставление, добавление новой информации, введение, заключение и т. д.). Давайте разберем каждую группу отдельно.
1. Purpose — цель написания
Эта группа наиболее важная, ведь в любой письменной работе мы указываем цель ее написания. Эссе, письмо другу или e-mail по работе — в большинстве случаев мы начинаем с объяснения, зачем мы пишем тот или иной текст. Например:
- in order to do smth, so as to do smth — чтобы сделать что-то;
- so that — чтобы;
- to that/this end — с этой целью.
I am writing to you so as to confirm my participation at the conference. — Я пишу вам, чтобы подтвердить свое участие в конференции.
I would like to confirm my participation at the conference so that there is no misunderstanding. — Я бы хотел подтвердить свое участие в конференции, чтобы не было недопонимания.
Zoologists are seeking to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched. — Зоологи пытаются понять, как животные общаются друг с другом. С этой целью было начато новое исследование.
Хотите как можно скорее заговорить на английском? Тогда записывайтесь на бесплатный пробный урок.
2. Opinion and emphasizing — выражать мнение и акцентировать внимание
Это также одна из наиболее полезных групп linking words, так как во многих письменных заданиях необходимо выразить свое мнение по поводу той или иной идеи. Наиболее употребляемая фраза — in my opinion (по моему мнению). Как же можно заменить это выражение?
- in my view, to my mind, to my way of thinking — на мой взгляд, по моему мнению;
- personally, I believe that — лично я думаю, что;
- I feel strongly that — я глубоко убежден, что;
- I am inclined to believe that — я склонен полагать, что;
- it strikes me that, it seems to me that — мне кажется, что;
- as far as I am concerned — насколько мне известно.
To my way of thinking, in any occupation talent is more important than skills. — На мой взгляд, в любой профессии талант важнее умений.
I am inclined to believe that the problem of malnutrition in poor countries doesn’t depend on technological development. — Я склонен полагать, что проблема недоедания в бедных странах не зависит от развития технологий.
It strikes me that there is a larger issue in the team. — Мне кажется, что в команде есть еще более весомая проблема.
Иногда хочется подчеркнуть особую важность того или иного факта. Следующие слова помогут красочно, а главное, правильно это сделать:
- clearly, obviously — определенно, очевидно, бесспорно;
- needless to say — само собой разумеется;
- significantly, importantly — что особенно важно.
Clearly, if everyone were allowed to carry a gun, the crime rate would rise. — Бесспорно, если бы каждому было позволено носить оружие, уровень преступности возрос бы.
Importantly, the writer was being employed by the leading party when he wrote this work, and was therefore under pressure. — Что особенно важно, писатель работал на ведущую партию, когда написал данную работу, и поэтому был под давлением.
3. Listing facts and addition — перечисление фактов и добавление новой информации
В подтверждение вашему мнению зачастую необходимо привести ряд доказательств. Правильно и логично их выразить помогут следующие связующие слова и фразы, они всегда на письме выделяются запятой.
- firstly, first of all — во-первых;
- first — для начала;
- to start with, to begin with — прежде всего;
- in the first place — в первую очередь;
- secondly — во-вторых;
- thirdly — в-третьих;
- then, next — затем;
- afterwards, after that — после этого;
- finally — наконец;
- lastly — в заключение;
- last but not the least — последнее, но не менее важное.
To begin with, you should wash the wound in the cold water. Next, wrap a bandage around the cut. Lastly, put the patient in a comfortable position. — Прежде всего, вам следует промыть рану холодной водой. Затем обмотайте рану бинтом. В заключение, положите пациента в удобное положение.
Если вы хотите добавить какую-либо информацию к своему высказыванию, используйте подходящие слова-связки. Одна из типичных ошибок — это постоянное использование союза and (и) и also (также). В английском языке существует множество альтернативных слов и фраз:
- moreover, furthermore, in addition — более того (используются в начале предложения);
- besides — кроме того;
- as well as — так же, как и;
- coupled with — наряду с;
- not only … but also — не только …, а также и;
- not to mention, to say nothing of — не говоря уже о (используется, чтобы подчеркнуть новый аргумент);
- on top of that — сверх всего прочего, вдобавок ко всему;
- not only that, but — при этом.
That war caused suffering to millions of people worldwide, not to mention its impact on countries’ economy. — Эта война обрекла на страдания миллионы людей по всему миру, не говоря уже о ее влиянии на экономику стран.
The characters of the novel missed their train, and on top of that they were alone in the middle of nowhere. — Герои романа опоздали на поезд, и вдобавок ко всему они остались одни в глуши.
4. Contrast — противопоставление
Уметь правильно высказать противоположные мнения или факты также важно. Вместо обычного but (но) употребляйте следующие linking words:
- however — однако;
- on the one hand — с одной стороны;
- on the other hand — с другой стороны;
- having said that — вместе с тем, при этом;
- then again, that said — впрочем, хотя;
- yet — тем не менее (если стоит в начале предложения);
- despite smth, in spite of smth, notwithstanding smth — несмотря на что-либо;
- nonetheless, nevertheless — несмотря на это, все равно.
It is well known that the first landing on the Moon took place on July 20, 1969. Having said that, some people assert that it is a hoax. — Всем хорошо известно, что первая высадка на Луну была 20 июля 1969 года. При этом некоторые утверждают, что это ложь.
The manager says that a fire was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was paid to say this. — Менеджер утверждает, что причиной случившегося стал пожар. Впрочем, возможно, что ему заплатили, чтобы он так сказал.
Ann was not doing well in her physics course. Yet, she managed to get a high grade in the final exam. — Анна не очень хорошо училась по физике. Тем не менее ей удалось получить высокую оценку за итоговый экзамен.
Notwithstanding some members’ objections, the company went ahead with the plan. — Несмотря на возражения некоторых членов, компания продолжила идти по намеченному плану.
The research had its limitations, but it was important for us nevertheless. — В исследовании были свои ограничения, но оно все равно было важным для нас.
5. Comparing — сравнение
При сравнении двух точек зрения можно использовать следующие linking words:
- likewise, similarly — равно как и, таким же образом, аналогично;
- whereas — тогда как;
- conversely — и наоборот, в свою очередь;
- by contrast, in comparison — напротив, зато, в противоположность;
- although, even though — хотя;
- unlike — в отличие от.
Cars must stop at red traffic lights. Likewise, bicycles have to stop too. — Машины должна останавливаться на красный свет. Таким же образом должны поступать и велосипедисты.
People who aim to climb corporate ladders develop this trait while growing up. Conversely, people who search for stability acquire these values in their childhood. — Люди, которые стремятся идти по карьерной лестнице, приобретают эту черту характера пока взрослеют. В свою очередь, люди, которые ищут стабильность, получают эти ценности в детстве.
The marketing department suffers from absenteeism. By contrast, the call center employees are performing very well. — В отделе маркетинга наблюдается проблема отсутствия работников без уважительной причины. Зато сотрудники колл-центра работают очень хорошо.
The village festival went well, unlike the previous year when very few people came. — Сельский праздник прошел хорошо, в отличие от предыдущего года, когда собралось совсем мало людей.
6. Cause and consequence — причина и следствие
Важно уметь не только выражать свое мнение, но и аргументировать его. Многие изучающие английский язык делают ошибку, используя только because (потому что) и so (поэтому), тогда как существует множество синонимичных слов и фраз для выражения причин или следствий:
- Cause — причина
- since, as — так как;
- owing to the fact that, due to the fact that — в связи с тем, что;
- on the grounds that — исходя из того, что;
- in view of, in light of — принимая во внимание, исходя из;
- because of — из-за.
Since they had to wait for the train, they decided to have a cup of coffee. — Так как им нужно было ждать поезд, они решили выпить по чашке кофе.
Many members have objected to the proposal on the grounds that it would be too costly. — Многие члены не одобрили предложение исходя из того, что оно может быть слишком затратным.
In view of the late hour, the chairman decided to put off that discussion until the next meeting. — Принимая во внимание позднее время, председатель решил отложить обсуждение до следующего собрания. - Consequence — следствие
- consequently — следовательно;
- as a result — в результате этого;
- as a consequence — вследствие этого, как следствие;
- therefore — поэтому;
- for this reason — по этой причине, в силу вышесказанного;
- thus — так, таким образом.
Nowadays young adults receive a lot of help from their parents. As a consequence, they are remain unemployed longer than previous generations did. — Сегодня молодые люди получают много помощи со стороны родителей. Вследствие этого они остаются безработными дольше, чем представители предыдущих поколений.
We were unable to get funding. For this reason, we had to abandon that idea. — Нам не удалось получить финансирование. По этой причине нам пришлось оставить эту идею.
This plan will reduce waste, and thus cut costs. — Благодаря этому плану мы сможем сократить количество отходов и таким образом снизить расходы.
7. Example — пример
Помимо всем известного выражения for example (например) есть и несколько других вариантов linking words, позволяющих привести пример:
- for instance — например;
- to give an illustration — наглядно показать;
- such as — такой как, а именно;
- particularly, in particular, especially — в особенности.
Some birds migrate to avoid harsh winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south. — Некоторые птицы мигрируют, чтобы избежать суровых зим. Ласточки, например, ранней зимой улетают из Великобритании на юг.
To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of obesity. — Для наглядности давайте рассмотрим проблему ожирения.
If you want to decrease your chances of having a heart attack, you should reduce your intake of meat, in particular red meat. — Если хотите уменьшить вероятность инфаркта, вы должны сократить потребление мяса, в особенности красного.
8. Condition — условие
Следующая группа linking words позволит добавить уточнение к уже сказанному или сделать оговорку:
- provided that, providing that, providing, on the condition that — при условии, что;
- in the event of, in case of — при возникновении, на случай (после ставится существительное);
- in the event that, in case — в случае, если.
He can borrow my car providing he doesn’t drive too fast. — Он может взять мою машину при условии, что не будет ехать слишком быстро.
It’s better to take an umbrella in case of rain. — Лучше взять зонтик на случай дождя.
In the event that trouble starts, lock all the doors! — В случае если начнутся волнения, закрой все двери!
Если вы хотите говорить грамотно, свободно выражать свои мысли и не делать ошибок на письме, запишитесь на курс «Практическая грамматика».
9. Introduction and conclusion — введение и заключение
В этой части разберем, какие слова-связки подходят для введения и заключения:
- Introduction — введение
Зачастую в начале письменных работ можно привести какое-то общеизвестное мнение или факт, таким образом представив тему, о которой пойдет речь. Употребляйте следующие фразы:
- it is widely believed that — многие считают, что / повсеместно считается, что;
- people often claim that — люди часто утверждают, что;
- some people argue that — некоторые люди приводят аргументы, что / утверждают, что;
- as a general rule, generally — как правило, обычно;
- on the whole, in general — в целом, в общем.
It is widely believed that the Earth is the only planet in our solar system where life is possible. — Считается, что Земля — это единственная планета в нашей солнечной системе, где возможна жизнь.
As a general rule, people who exercise regularly do not suffer from stress. But some people argue that they are still exposed to stress-related problems. — Как правило, люди, которые регулярно делают физические упражнения, не страдают от стресса. Но некоторые утверждают, что они все равно подвержены проблемам, вызванным стрессом. - Conclusion — заключение
- taking everything into account, all things considered — принимая все во внимание;
- as was previously stated — как уже отмечалось ранее;
- in conclusion — в заключение;
- to sum up — подводя итог;
- above all — главным образом, а главное;
- all in all — подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим.
All things considered, we can state that the general situation in the region is improving. — Принимая все во внимание, можно заявить, что общая ситуация в регионе улучшается.
To sum up, it is unlikely that mankind will ever bring an end to all wars. — Подводя итог, маловероятно, что человечество когда-либо положит конец войнам.
Above all, it is important to remember that natural resources are depleting. — Главное, важно помнить, что природные богатства истощаются.
All in all, the problem of civil war victims in these countries still remains. — Подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим, что проблема жертв гражданской войны в этих странах по-прежнему существует.
Теперь вы сможете более уверенно высказывать свое мнение, выражать несогласие или наоборот поддерживать точку зрения своего собеседника. Предлагаем вам повторить пройденный материал и пройти тест.
Тест по теме «Слова-связки в английском языке»
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- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Writing Guide
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Letters
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Questions
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Tips & Strategy
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Writing Checklist
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: FAQ
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Writing paper will require a response which is consistently appropriate for the specified target reader, and for example, you can expect to be asked to write different kinds of letters. Moreover, their register and style can be formal or informal.
What is the formal style of writing?
The main characteristics of a formal writing style are:
- A more complex structure. Formal writing often uses longer sentences. In formal writing, you will also see a more structured approach generally, with points clearly introduced, explained and concluded.
- An objective approach. Main points are usually stated and then supported with arguments. Formal writing is less likely to be emotional in style.
- Writing in the third person. Formal writing is not a personal writing style. The writer often aims to sound dispassionate about the topic.
One of the most common mistakes made by inexperienced writers involves using too personal a manner in a piece of formal writing.
Me, myself, I
Everybody likes to talk about themselves, but when (for example) you’re reviewing a film, you should be talking about the film and not about yourself.
The informal you
The way the word you is used in informal speech ‘You should have seen it!’ ‘if you know what I mean’ is not appropriate in formal writing. The word you point a finger at the reader. But the readers are not friends of yours, and you have no right to make assumptions about them.
C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure
1. Salutation Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Mr Jenkins |
2. The first paragraph (opening) The reason why you’re writing this letter / the topic |
3. The next paragraphs (main content) Organise all the essential information in a clear and logical way. |
4. Closing and signing off Specify the action the recipient should take – sign off with: Yours faithfully |
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Writing Guide
Before you start…
Read the task carefully and then… You need to underline all the content points and consider the following:
- Why are you are writing the letter/email? To correct information, to apply for a job, to complain about something…
- Who is the target reader? You may have to write to the editor of a publication, to a potential employer, to a university administrator…
- Which language/register would be appropriate to reach my goal? Is there enough specific detail in my letter/email to convince the target reader?
The CAE test does not require you to include dates or addresses in any of your letters, whether formal or informal.
1. Salutation
If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to try to find out a name.
Dear Sir or Madam
If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for married and single women.
Dear Mr Jenkins
or simply
Dear Editor
2. The first paragraph (opening)
The first paragraph of formal letters should include an introduction to the purpose of the letter. The summary of the letter can be found and the intentions which will be displayed through the rest of the letter should be outlined.
Example 1: I am writing in response to the advert I saw in the newspaper seeking people to work as tour guides. I think I would make a very good tour guide and I wish to apply for the job.
Example 2: I am writing about a recent incident in your shop in which I had the misfortune to be involved in. The incident I refer to is when one of your staff stopped me and accused me of shoplifting.
3. The next paragraphs (main content)
The second and following paragraphs should provide the main information of the letter, and describe the main purpose mentioned in the introductory first paragraph. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and concentrate on organising it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too much.
- You should always be polite and respectful. A useful way to achieve it especially in formal letters is to use ‘modal verbs’, i.e., would, could or should.
- It’s important to write simply and clearly. It’s worth noting that you have to avoid using informal language, for instance, avoid contractions (i.e. I’m, it’s, etc.).
Sample paragraph structure:
Paragraph 1: To begin with, I would like to put forward …
Paragraph 2: Needless to say, this was ….
Paragraph 3: But the thing that impressed me most…
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4. Closing and signing off
The final paragraph should shortly summarize the intent of the formal letter and end with some call to action – take, return the money, send information, etc.
Example call to actions:
Example:1 Thank you for your consideration of my suggestions. I look forward to an opportunity to discuss this matter further.
Example 2: If you require further information, please do not hesitate to ask
Closing and signing off:
Yours faithfully – use it if you don’t know the name of the recipient.
Yours sincerely – use it if you know the name of the recipient.
Let’s sum it up…
A good formal letter should be:
|
Keep your readers in mind when writing:
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TIP: Remember about “linking” in the letter!
Between paragraphs:
To begin with, I would like to put forward […]
Furthermore, …[…]
As far as …. is concerned […]
Within a paragraph:
I have taken part In many activities […] Moreover, I have been In the basket-ball team[…]
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Letters
Topic:
You recently had an unpleasant experience when you were shopping in a department store. One of the assistants wrongly accused you of shoplifting. Although you were able to prove that you had paid for the item in question, you received no apology.
Write a letter to the manager of the shop, saying why you are angry and disappointed and asking for some kind of compensation for the way you were treated. Say that you will take further action if you do not receive an official apology.
Model answer
Dear Mr Menton,
I am writing about a recent incident in your shop in which I had the misfortune to be involved in. The incident I refer to is when one of your staff stopped me and accused me of shoplifting in front of about 20 other people. Needless to say, this was an extremely embarrassing situation for me. Thank goodness I had kept the receipt to prove that I had paid for everything on my person at the time, but to be accused of stealing like that in front of all those people – some of whom I knew personally – was very humiliating and degrading. The shop assistant used a very accusatory tone…
But the thing that angered and dismayed me most was not the accusation itself – after all, misunderstandings happen sometimes – but the accuser’s failure to acknowledge his mistake or apologise to me. When I showed him the receipt, he simply walked off mumbling about how ‘shady’ a character I looked. Considering how much embarrassment I was caused, I do not think it was too much to have expected a simple apology either, do you?
Which brings me back to why I am writing; if I cannot get an apology from this assistant, then I would like a formal one from you instead. If an official apology is not forthcoming and I am not compensated in some way – with a shopping voucher for example – then be warned that I will take further steps to ensure that I get justice.
I look forward to hearing from you at the very earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Michael Mathers
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Topic
A student from a business school in an English-speaking country has arranged to spend two months on a work experience programme in your department. Your manager has asked you to write a letter to the student, welcoming him to your company, explaining what he will be expected to do and how he will benefit from this experience.
Write your letter.
Model answer
Dear Mr Miller
We are delighted that you have decided to spend two months on a work experience programme in the xxx marketing department. We warmly welcome you to our company in general and to our department in particular.
You will be given the unique opportunity to work with a young team launching a new soft drink. Your work will be as interesting as demanding. You will have to analyse several surveys which have recently been conducted. Based on the results of your analysis you will have to think about possible target customers. Furthermore, you will be asked to develop ideas on how exactly we could launch our soft drink. You will have to gather thoughts about how to run a successful campaign. As this project has not been made public yet, we expect you not to talk about this project to your friends or family. You will be expected to work hard and, sometimes, for long hours.
However, you will most certainly learn a lot. You will be given the unique chance to develop a marketing campaign. You will also get used to working with different marketing tools. Furthermore, you will have to learn how to take advantage of a wide variety of computer programs, which will not only help you to analyse the surveys conducted but will also assist you in making out possible target customers. This two months work experience programme will help you to understand the use and impact of marketing tools. We areconfident that this experience will go far beyond that what you have learnt at university.
We are looking forward to working with you.
Yours sincerely
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Topic:
Your company would like to offer work-experience placements to students in an international college. Write a letter for publication in the student newspaper at the college.
Your letter should explain what your company does, what kind of work-experience placements are available, and how students would benefit from the experience.
Write your letter.
Model answer
Dear Students,
Are you looking for a work placement that will give you plenty of valuable experience and will look good on your CV? If so, then our company may have something to offer you.
We are an international educational exchange organisation which organises links between schools all over the world. We currently have three work-experience placements available for students from your college. The work would involve a range of office tasks, including dealing with correspondence, arranging meetings and keeping our database up-to-date. We are particularly interested in offering these placements to students with some knowledge of two or more languages.
The placements would be of great benefit to the students who are given this opportunity. It would provide experience of working in a small and dedicated team, which would give you the chance to develop a wider range of office skills than would normally be the case in larger organisations. Our international network means that you would also gain some contacts all over the world, which might be of particular value to any of you considering a career in some aspect of education.
You will find further information about our organisation and the placements we offer on our website and we look forward to hearing from any of you who think that the work might be right for you — and that you might be the right person for one of these placements.
Best wishes to you all,
Paula Fisher
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Questions
Volunteers needed
We are looking for volunteers to help out at a famous, international sporting event.
We’re looking for friendly, respectful people with good language skills, good team skills and a ‘can-do’ attitude. We need people to welcome delegates, provide customer service and solve problems. If you think you have what it takes, apply now.
Write an application to become a volunteer. Mention:
– your language skills
– your personal qualities
– examples of times when you have demonstrated team skills
– any relevant work experience
Now write your letter. You do not need to include any postal addresses
A colleague of yours, Alice Watson, has applied for a job in the public relations department of a large charity. Poverty Action. You have been asked to write a letter providing a character reference for her. Indicate how long and what capacity you have worked with her, and how her personal characteristics would make her suited for her job. Here is part of the letter you received from Poverty Action:
The job of Public Relations Co-ordinator consists mainly of supervising PR work and entails travelling around the country and working with various people in our large organization. The successful applicant will need good managerial skills and be committed to the philosophy of
our charity
Write your letter in reply. You do not need to include postal addresses
On a recent holiday, you lost a valuable item. Fortunately, you have travel insurance to cover the cost of anything lost.
Write a letter to the manager of your insurance company. In your letter:
– describe the item you lost
– explain how lost it
– tell the insurance company what you would like them to do.
Write your email in an appropriate style.
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Tips & Strategy
If you aim to write an official letter, you should:
- avoid everyday colloquial language or slang
- avoid contractions (I’m, it’s)
- avoid emotional, subjective language (terrible, rubbish, etc.)
- avoid general words such as nice, good, get, etc.
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Writing Checklist
After writing your text, you can check it yourself using the writing checklist below.
How to do that? Simply check your text/email by answering the questions one by one:
Content
- Have I covered all the key information required by the task?
- Have I written only information which is relevant to the task?
- Have I developed the basic points in the task with my own ideas?
Communicative Achievement
- Have I achieved the main purpose(s) of the text (for example, explaining, persuading, suggesting, apologising, comparing, etc.)?
- Have I used a suitable mix of fact and opinion?
- Have I used a suitable style and register (formal or informal) for the task?
Organisation
- Have I used paragraphs appropriately to organise my ideas?
- Have I used other organisational features appropriately for the genre of the text (for example, titles, headings, openings, closings, etc.)?
- Is the connection between my ideas clear and easy for the reader to follow? (For example, have I used appropriate linking words, pronouns, etc. to refer to different things within the text?)
- Are the ideas balanced appropriately, with suitable attention and space given to each one?
Language
- Have I used a wide range of vocabulary?
- Have I avoided repeating the same words and phrases?
- Have I used a range of simple and more complex grammatical structures?
- Have I correctly used any common phrases which are relevant to the specific task or topic?
- Is my use of grammar accurate?
- Is my spelling accurate?
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases
Useful phrases for a formal letter: (use as set phrases in the exam, don´t experiment with new vocabulary or grammar)
Greetings
Dear Sir or Madam
Dear Mr Jenkins
Beginning:
With regards to the letter/email on…
With reference to your letter/email…
After having received your letter/email…
I received your address from … and would like …
Thank you very much for your letter/email on…
I have been given your contact details by… and I would like to…
In reply to your letter/email of…
Reason for writing
I am writing with regard/reference to …
I am writing to express (my concern about/ disappointment with/disapproval of/apologies for)
I would like to draw your attention to/point out …
Referring to their letter
As you stated in your leter, …
Regarding… Concerning … With regard to…
Complaining
I am wiing to compiain about …
You said …but in fact what happened …
Introducing points
(I feel) I must also (dis)agree with …
I should also like to point out that …
Your (article) states that … However,…
Request for action
I would appreciate it/be grateful if you would …
I look forward to receiving/seeing …
I trust/very much hope you will …
Ending:
I hope to hear from you soon…
If you require any further information, feel free to contact me
Should you require anything else, do not hesitate in contacting me
Regards
Yours faithfully
Yours sincerely
(signature)
C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: FAQ
Who is the audience? This will be given in the prompt.
What is the purpose of the writing?
You are usually giving information or requesting action. You should be direct and get to the point quickly.
Should I use headings or bullet points? No.
How should it start?
“Dear Sir or Madam (if no name is given), I am writing to…” This is the expected opening of a letter. First, you explain why you are writing, in the next paragraph you explain why you think you should get what you want.
How should it finish?
You should clearly re-state your recommendation or desired action in your last paragraph. This is usually followed by a “I am looking forward to…” statement and “Yours faithfully/Yours sincerely, x.”
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In International English Language Testing System, students can enroll for Academic and General Training tests. This blog will particularly focus on IELTS writing Task 1 for General Training students, that is, Letter writing.
Letter writing is the art of expressing your content in a brief way to the recipient, from whom you have something to say. It should be written in such a way that a reply is expected from it.
Letters are basically of three types-
- Formal
- Semi-formal
- Informal
Formal Letters
A formal letter is a type of letter which is written to an unknown person for a formal kind of expression.
A minor difference between a formal and semi-formal letter is that, in formal one, the person is not your direct authority or not the person to whom you are responsible. Whereas, in the case of a semi-formal letter, the sender is the person to whom you know formally and he/she is the person to whom you are directly answerable.
Formal letters are written for this kind of purpose:-
- For complaints.
- For applying or resigning.
- For making any arrangement.
- For requesting.
- For recommendations or suggestions.
- For asking or telling about any kind of information.
A Sample of a Formal Letter
You recently bought an expensive electronic product from a store and found that the product does not work properly. Write a letter to the store manager.
In your letter,
- Complain about the problem.
- Propose action for the store you take.
- Request confirmation that this is agreed.
So it is an example of a formal letter as it is clear that the manager of any store is not known. It will be written to the store manager formally.
Phrases for Formal letter
1. Title Phrases
The title is usually written to address the recipient. As it is known that a formal letter is written to an unknown person so usually a title phrase for a formal letter is · Dear Sir/Madame
2. Introductory Phrases
An introduction is an opening line of the letter and it is to be written very carefully as it clears the purpose of writing a letter. Firstly, a student is expected to write an indirect introduction. Then, the purpose should be written. Here, different phrases can be used according to the type of purpose
For complaining-
- I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with….
- I am writing to express my annoyance with…
- I am very much unhappy with…
- I am writing to you to complain…
For applying-
- I am writing in relation to the advertised position of…
- I am writing to apply for the position of…
For asking/telling about any kind of information-
- I am writing to inquire about…
- I am writing to inform you that…
- I would like to know that…
3. Phrases in Body Paragraphs
After the introduction or after telling the purpose, it is the time to explain that purpose in body paragraphs.
These paragraphs depict the content of the letter. It is strongly suggested to refer or explain each and every point of the question in these paragraphs only. Include all the details, facts, reasons, etc. In these paras.
As per the demand of the question or the length of the content, 2-3 paragraphs should be written. A suggestion can be added in the second or third paragraph. Phrases that can be used in body paragraphs are:-
To know or to get details-
- I would like to know…
- I would be interested to know…
- I would like to know more about…
To give reasons-
- This is due to…
- Owing to…
- This is as a result of…
For suggestion-
- It would be a good idea to…
- Perhaps, it would be good to…
For requesting
- I would be grateful if you could…
- I would appreciate it if you could…
- I would strongly suggest that you consider…
- Would you be kind enough to…
- Would it be possible to…
Asking information-
- Could you possibly send…
- Could you please send me further details…
For telling where and how to show-
- You could send the abovementioned information via email or my social media platform….
- You can contact me on my mobile number….
4. Phrases for Conclusion
After writing all the content, write the closing lines of the letter. It should be brief and concise.
A conclusion can express gratitude or it can write about expecting a reply in return. In formal letters, phrases for the conclusion can be-
For thanking-
- I cannot thank you enough…
- No words can express my gratitude…
- I would be grateful if you could…
- I thank you for your consideration…
For expecting a reply in return-
- Looking forward to hearing from you…
- I would appreciate your quick action…
- I am eager to receive your feedback on….
- Please respond at the earliest convenient…
- I would like your quick reply but not later than three to four days….
5. End Phrases
At the end of a formal letter, write
- Yours faithfully.
- (Full name).
- Write the date too.
The solution to the Sample Question
Phrases used as per written are underlined
Dear Sir
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction about the defective wrist smartwatch which I bought 3 days ago from your store. I am a regular customer of your store and I have never faced such a problem.
Firstly, the main problem which I faced due to this is that its application is not working properly. Some of the features of this product are not as written on the box. It gives the heartbeat rate but I believe it’s not correct as it fluctuates with some known motion objects too. Well, maybe it’s the packaged one by the company and dealt in by you, but I believe it becomes the store’s duty to cheque every piece properly.
However, I believe, salespersons should give a demonstration of the packed products before selling them to the customers. I have spent a major part of my savings on it and that is huge for me. I believe it would be a good idea to contact the company for non-working pieces. I would be grateful if you could help me out by sending the replacement of the product or by just fixing the existing product. Moreover, my spent amount can be refunded too.
Kindly respond at your earliest convenience by mentioning which action would be more suitable for you.
Yours faithfully
(Full name)
Date
Слайд 1
How to write formal letters
Слайд 2
Structure of a formal letter
the example letter below
shows you a general layout for a formal letter
Слайд 3
The formal letter should contains:
Sender’s Address
Date
Inside Address
Suitable grammar
structures
Level of politeness, formality
Linking words
Слайд 4
Salutation or greeting:
1) Dear Sir or Madam,
If you
do not know the name of the person you
are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to
try to find out a name.
2) Dear Mr Jenkins,
If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for married and single women.
Ending a letter:
1) Yours faithfully
If you do not know the name of the person, end the letter this way.
2) Yours sincerely
If you know the name of the person, end the letter this way.
Слайд 5
Introduction
Introduction should be short and state
the purpose of the letter- to make an enquiry,
complain, request something, etc.
Слайд 6
Linking words
Beginning:
first/ first of all/ secondly/
thirdly …
Reinforcement:
above all/ actually/ in addition/moreover/as well as/
furthermore/then/what is more
Comparison:
also/both …and ../likewise/ in the same way
Summary:
altogether/in conclusion/ to sum up/ all in all/thus/therefore
Слайд 7
Abbreviations Used in Letter Writing
The following abbreviations are
widely used in letters:
asap = as soon as possible
cc = carbon
copy (when you send a copy of a letter to
more than one person, you use this abbreviation to let them know)
enc. = enclosure (when you include other papers with your letter)
pp = per procurationem (A Latin phrase meaning that you are signing the letter on somebody else’s behalf; if they are not there to sign it themselves, etc)
ps = postscript (when you want to add something after you’ve finished and signed it)
pto (informal) = please turn over (to make sure that the other person knows the letter continues on the other side of the page)
RSVP = please reply