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[29.04.2010]
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Libraries

The word library comes from the Latin word liber, meaning «a book». This is a place where information in print (books, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests.

Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome.

Perhaps the most famous library of that early day was at Alexandria. It was founded by Ptolomy I. Ptolomy ordered the librarians to collect all Greek texts as well as manuscripts in other languages from every part of the known world. By the middle of the 1st century BC there were about 700,000 papyrus rolls in the library.

The first libraries in Russia were established in medieval monasteries. Public libraries were opened in the 19 century at the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University.

The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded, and even electronically stored. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn, and think.

Libraries can be found in many places. There are libraries in small towns and large cities, and there are libraries in schools, universities, colleges. The largest and best known libraries in the world are: the British National Library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington and the Russian State Library.

The national libraries of different countries keep in touch and exchange books and information. Most libraries have a professionally educated staff whose first duty is to help you. Librarians also select and purchase books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the information you need.

Many people have books at home. These are the books of their favourite authors, dictionaries and reference books and the like. My family also has a home library. It was my grandfather who started to collect it at the beginning of the century. There are over two thousand books in it. The authors I like most of all are Chekhov, Bulgakov, Fitzgerald, Cortasar and others.

Библиотеки

Слово «библиотека» происходит от латинского слова «луб», что означает «книга». Это место, где информация в печатном виде (книги, рукописи, периодические издания и музыкальные партитуры) и в иных формах собрана и организована, чтобы служить людям всех возрастов и интересов.

Библиотеки появились в древние времена в Египте, Ассирии, Греции и Риме.

Пожалуй наиболее известная библиотека тех далеких дней была в Александрии. Она была основана Птоломеем I. Птоломей приказал библиотекарям собрать все греческие тексты, а также рукописи на других языках из каждой части мира. К середине первого века до нашей эры библиотека насчитывала около 700 тысяч рулонов папируса.

Первые библиотеки в России были созданы при средневековых монастырях. Публичные библиотеки были открыты в 19 веке при Академии наук и МГУ.

Библиотека сегодня является центром всех видов коммуникации: печатных, фото носителей, записанных на пленку, и даже в электронной форме. Люди ходят в библиотеку чтобы читать книги, смотреть, слушать, искать, запрашивать, расслабиться, обсудить, учиться и думать.

Библиотеки есть во многих местах. Есть библиотеки в малых и крупных городах, есть в школах, университетах, колледжах. Крупнейшие и наиболее известные библиотеки в мире: Британская национальная библиотека в Лондоне, Библиотека Конгресса в Вашингтоне и Русская государственная библиотека.

Национальные библиотеки различных стран сотрудничают и обмениваются книгами и информацией. Большинство библиотек имеют профессионально образованных сотрудников, первый долг которых — помочь вам. Библиотекари также отбирают и покупают книги и другие материалы, организовывают материалы, что позволяет их легко использовать, отвечают на вопросы о фактах, людях, событиях, или советуют вам как найти нужную информацию.

Многие имеют книги у себя дома. Это книги ваших любимых авторов, словари, справочники и тому подобное. Моя семья также имеет домашнюю библиотеку. Мой дедушка начал собирать ее в начале прошлого века. В ней более 2000 книг. Мне нравится больше всего нравятся Чехов, Булгаков, Фитцджеральд, Кортасара и другие.

Источник

A library is a place for you to read, to know and to grow.

The library is the temple of learning and learning has liberated more people than all wars in history. Carl T. Rowan

Knowledge is free at the library. Just bring your own container.

If you want an education go to the library.

The word “library” comes from the Latin word “liber”, meaning “book”. This is a place where information in print (books, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests.

Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome. Perhaps the most famous library of that early day was at Alexandria. It was found by Ptolomy I. Ptolomy ordered the librarians to collect all Greek texts as well as manuscripts in other languages from every part of the known world. By the middle of the 1st century BC there were about 700,000 papyrus rolls in the library.

The first libraries in Ukraine were established in medieval monasteries.

The library today is the centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded, and even electronically stored. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn and think.

Libraries can be found in many places. There are libraries in small towns and large cities, and there are libraries in schools, universities, colleges.

The largest and best known libraries in the world are: The British National Library in London and the Library of Congress in Washington.

The national libraries of different countries keep in touch and exchange books and information.

Most libraries have a professionally educated staff whose first duty is to help you. Librarians also select and purchase books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find information you need.

Many people have books at home. These are the books of their favourite authors, dictionaries and reference books and the like. My family also has a home library. It was my grandfather who started to collect it at the beginning of this century. There are over two thousand books in it. The authors I like most of all are Chekhov, Bulgakov, Fitzgerald, Jack London and others.

Answer the questions

What word does the word “library” come from?
What is a library?
Where did the first libraries appear?
What do you know about the famous library in Alexandria?
What is the library today?
Where can libraries be found?
Why do people go to libraries?
What are the famous libraries of the world?
What do we call the people who help us in libraries?
Have you got any books at home?
Do you often borrow books from the library?

Speak about libraries and your reading preferences.

Источник

The word library comes from the Latin word liber, meaning “a book”. Слово “библиотека” происходит от латинского слова “луб”, что означает “книга”.

This is a place where information in print (books, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests.Это место, где информация в печатном виде (книги, рукописи, периодические издания и музыкальные партитуры) и в иных формах собрана и организована, чтобы служить людям всех возрастов и интересов.

Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome.Библиотеки появились в древние времена в Египте, Ассирии, Греции и Риме.

Perhaps the most famous library of that early day was at Alexandria. Пожалуй, наиболее известная библиотека тех далеких дней была в Александрии.

It was founded by Ptolomy I. Она была основана Птоломеем I.

Ptolomy ordered the librarians to collect all Greek texts as well as manuscripts in other languages from every part of the known world. Птоломей приказал библиотекарям собрать все греческие тексты, а также рукописи на других языках из каждой части мира.

By the middle of the 1st century BC there were about 700,000 papyrus rolls in the library.К середине первого века до нашей эры библиотека насчитывала около 700 тысяч рулонов папируса.

The first libraries in Russia were established in medieval monasteries. Первые библиотеки в России были созданы при средневековых монастырях.

Public libraries were opened in the 19 century at the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University.Публичные библиотеки были открыты в 19 веке при Академии наук и МГУ.

The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded, and even electronically stored. Библиотека сегодня является центром всех видов коммуникации: печатных, фото носителей, записанных на пленку, и даже в электронной форме.

People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn, and think.Люди ходят в библиотеку, чтобы читать книги, смотреть, слушать, искать, запрашивать, расслабиться, обсудить, учиться и думать.

Libraries can be found in many places. Библиотеки есть во многих местах.

There are libraries in small towns and large cities, and there are libraries in schools, universities, colleges. Есть библиотеки в малых и крупных городах, есть в школах, университетах, колледжах.

The largest and best known libraries in the world are: the British National Library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington and the Russian State Library.Крупнейшие и наиболее известные библиотеки в мире: Британская национальная библиотека в Лондоне, Библиотека Конгресса в Вашингтоне и Русская государственная библиотека.

The national libraries of different countries keep in touch and exchange books and information. Национальные библиотеки различных стран сотрудничают и обмениваются книгами и информацией.

Most libraries have a professionally educated staff whose first duty is to help you. Большинство библиотек имеют профессионально образованных сотрудников, первый долг которых – помочь вам.

Librarians also select and purchase books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the information you need.Библиотекари также отбирают и покупают книги и другие материалы, организовывают материалы, что позволяет их легко использовать, отвечают на вопросы о фактах, людях, событиях, или советуют вам, как найти нужную информацию.

Many people have books at home. Многие имеют книги у себя дома.

These are the books of their favourite authors, dictionaries and reference books and the like. Это книги ваших любимых авторов, словари, справочники и тому подобное.

My family also has a home library. Моя семья также имеет домашнюю библиотеку.

It was my grandfather who started to collect it at the beginning of the century. Мой дедушка начал собирать ее в начале прошлого века.

There are over two thousand books in it. В ней более 2000 книг.

The authors I like most of all are Chekhov, Bulgakov, Fitzgerald, Cortasar and others.Мне нравится больше всего нравятся Чехов, Булгаков, Фитцджеральд, Кортасара и другие.

Источник

The Word library comes from the Latin word `liber`, meaning `book`. This is a place where information in print (book, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected. Libraries can be found in many places. There are libraries in small towns and large cities and there are libraries at schools, universities, colleges. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn and think. The largest and the best known libraries in the world are: the British National library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington and The Russian State Library. The British Library is the largest state library in Britain and is one of the finest libraries in the world. It is a rapidly growing modern research library with all its current Publications. People who want to read for higher degrees and who are engaged in research in their spare time visit this library. Other library which is known throughout the world is the Library of Congress. It was established as a reference library in 1600 and gradually would come a world famous institution that now occupies three huge buildings. A great number of items in collections of books, newspapers, periodicals, manuscripts, films, maps and works of drama, music, art and important and exciting documents from American history are kept in library`s archives. There are materials on practically every subject to which members of Congress can refer. And now I would tell you about Lenin State Library. The Lenin Library is the central library and is one of the world`s largest. The old Library building was built in 1786 on a hill opposite the Kremlin by Vasily Bashenov and was a typical example of a Moscow town residence of that time. Its new buildings were built in 1940. When the library was founded in 1961, it contained over 1000.000 volumes, and was then located in the old Pashkov part of the complex. In 1915 its one reading room had a sitting capacity of only 170. Now it has 23 reading

rooms of 2500 seating capacities and a book fund of 27 millions. There a wide choice of books: fiction, non-fiction, serious books, detective stories, science fiction, biographic, history and encyclopedias which are extremely useful in work, because it gives information about every branch of knowledge. Of cource there is a catalogue of books. The titles and authors of all the books in The library can be found in a card catalogue or a computer listing. Each card in catalogue gives very helpful information about the book; the title send the author, the time and place of publication and the even something about it contents. The library is used daily by around 10000 people. Most librarians have a professionally staff whose first duty is to help you. Librarians also select books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the information you need. The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded and even electronically stored.

2017-10-14

Libraries

Источник

The Word library comes from the Latin word ‘liber’, meaning ‘book’. This is a place where information in print (book, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected. Libraries can be found in many places. There are libraries in small towns and large cities and there are libraries at schools, universities, colleges. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn and think.

The largest and the best known libraries in the world are: the British National library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington and The Russian State Library. The British Library is the largest state library in Britain and is one of the finest libraries in the world. It is a rapidly growing modern research library with all its current publications. People who want to read for higher degrees and who are engaged in research in their spare time visit this library. Other library which is known throughout the world is the Library of Congress. It was established as a reference library in 1600 and gradually would come a world famous institution that now occupies three huge buildings.

A great number of items in collections of books, newspapers, periodicals, manuscripts, films, maps and works of drama, music, art and important and exciting documents from American history are kept in library’s archives. There are materials on practically every subject to which members of Congress can refer. And now I would tell you about Lenin State Library. The Lenin Library is the central library and is one of the world’s largest. The old library building was built in 1786 on a hill opposite the Kremlin by Vasily Bashenov and was a typical example of a Moscow town residence of that time. Its new buildings were built in 1940. When the library was founded in 1961, it contained over 1000.000 volumes, and was then located in the old Pashkov part of the complex. In 1915 its one reading room had a sitting capacity of only 170. Now it has 23 reading rooms of 2500 seating capacities and a book fund of 27 millions. There a wide choice of books: fiction, non-fiction, serious books, detective stories, science fiction, biographic, history and encyclopedias which are extremely useful in work, because it gives information about every branch of knowledge. Of cource there is a catalogue of books.

The titles and authors of all the books in the library can be found in a card catalogue or a computer listing. Each card in catalogue gives very helpful information about the book; the title send the author, the time and place of publication and the even something about it contents. The library is used daily by around 10000 people. Most librarians have a professionally staff whose first duty is to help you.

Librarians also select books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the information you need. The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded and even electronically stored.

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Источник

The word library comes from the Latin word liber, meaning «a book». This is a place where information in print and in other forms is collected and arranged to serve people of all ages and interests.

Libraries appeared in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Greece and Rome.

The first libraries in Russia were established in medieval monasteries. Public libraries were opened in the 19 century at the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University.

The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded, and even electronically stored. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax,

discuss, learn, and think.

Библиотеки

Слово «библиотека» происходит от латинского слова «луб», что означает «книга». Это место, где информация в печатном виде и в иных формах собрана и организована, чтобы служить людям всех возрастов и интересов.

Библиотеки появились в древние времена в Египте, Ассирии, Греции и Риме.

Источник

The Word library comes from the Latin word ‘liber’, meaning ‘book’.

This is a place where information in print (book, manuscripts, periodicals and musical scores) and in other forms is collected. Libraries can be found in many places. There are libraries in small towns and large cities and there are libraries at schools, universities, colleges. People go to the library to read, look, listen, search, inquire, relax, discuss, learn and think.

The largest and the best known libraries in the world are: the British National library in London, the Library of Congress in Washington and The Russian State Library.

The British Library is the largest state library in Britain and is one of the finest libraries in the world. It is a rapidly growing modern research library with all its current publications. People who want to read for higher degrees and who are engaged in research in their spare time visit this library.

Other library which is known throughout the world is the Library of Congress. It was established as a reference library in 1600 and gradually would come a world famous institution that now occupies three huge buildings. A great number of items in collections of books, newspapers, periodicals, manuscripts, films, maps and works of drama, music, art and important and exciting documents from American history are kept in library’s archives. There are materials on practically every subject to which members of Congress can refer.

And now I would tell you about Lenin State Library. The Lenin Library is the central library and is one of the world’s largest. The old library building was built in 1786 on a hill opposite the Kremlin by Vasily Bashenov and was a typical example of a Moscow town residence of that time. Its new buildings were built in 1940. When the library was founded in 1961, it contained over 1000.000 volumes, and was then located in the old Pashkov part of the complex. In 1915 its one reading room had a sitting capacity of only 170. Now it has 23 reading rooms of 2500 seating capacities and a book fund of 27 millions.

There a wide choice of books: fiction, non-fiction, serious books, detective stories, science fiction, biographic, history and encyclopedias which are extremely useful in work, because it gives information about every branch of knowledge. Of cource there is a catalogue of books. The titles and authors of all the books in the library can be found in a card catalogue or a computer listing. Each card in catalogue gives very helpful information about the book; the title send the author, the time and place of publication and the even something about it contents. The library is used daily by around 10000 people.

Most librarians have a professionally staff whose first duty is to help you. Librarians also select books and other materials, organize materials so that you can easily use them, answer questions about facts, people, events, or advise you how to find the information you need. The library today is a centre for all kinds of communications: printed, pictured, recorded and electronically stored.

Contemporary life is impossible without reading. The influence of literature on people’s mind is great. Regular reading enriches your knowledge of the world and helps to form your entire personality. If a book appeals to you, it arouses lots of feelings and emotions in your heart. If you take to reading, the world of other people’s ideas and problems becomes familiar to you.

The process of reading demands lots of thinking on the part of the reader because reading exists not only for entertainment. When you are taken away by a thrilling plot and by author’s vivid imagination or by his humorous remarks or by the way he portrays people, you can’t help reading the book from cover to cover, when the life of a literary character is similar to yours, you take events described close to heart. If you feel that you lack information, knowledge, and words to express your opinions — read more!

Thanks to books we can talk to people who lived in different countries and ages. A book is one of the greatest wonders of the world. It gives you a unique chance to link up with authors who lived hundreds and thousands years ago. The book is a faithful and undemanding friend. It can be put aside and taken up again at any moment…

Recent News

library, traditionally, collection of books used for reading or study, or the building or room in which such a collection is kept. The word derives from the Latin liber, “book,” whereas a Latinized Greek word, bibliotheca, is the origin of the word for library in German, Russian, and the Romance languages.

From their historical beginnings as places to keep the business, legal, historical, and religious records of a civilization, libraries have emerged since the middle of the 20th century as a far-reaching body of information resources and services that do not even require a building. Rapid developments in computers, telecommunications, and other technologies have made it possible to store and retrieve information in many different forms and from any place with a computer and a telephone connection. The terms digital library and virtual library have begun to be used to refer to the vast collections of information to which people gain access over the Internet, cable television, or some other type of remote electronic connection.

This article provides a history of libraries from their founding in the ancient world through the latter half of the 20th century, when both technological and political forces radically reshaped library development. It offers an overview of several types of traditional libraries and explains how libraries collect, organize, and make accessible their collections. Further discussion of the application of the theory and technology of information science in libraries and related fields is included in the article information processing.

The changing role of libraries

Libraries are collections of books, manuscripts, journals, and other sources of recorded information. They commonly include reference works, such as encyclopaedias that provide factual information and indexes that help users find information in other sources; creative works, including poetry, novels, short stories, music scores, and photographs; nonfiction, such as biographies, histories, and other factual reports; and periodical publications, including magazines, scholarly journals, and books published as part of a series. As home use of records, CD-ROMs, and audiotapes and videotapes has increased, library collections have begun to include these and other forms of media, too.

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Ancient Libraries and Archives Quiz

Libraries were involved early in exploiting information technologies. For many years libraries have participated in cooperative ventures with other libraries. Different institutions have shared cataloging and information about what each has in its collection. They have used this shared information to facilitate the borrowing and lending of materials among libraries. Librarians have also become expert in finding information from on-line and CD-ROM databases.

As society has begun to value information more highly, the so-called information industry has developed. This industry encompasses publishers, software developers, on-line information services, and other businesses that package and sell information products for a profit. It provides both an opportunity and a challenge to libraries. On the one hand, as more information becomes available in electronic form, libraries no longer have to own an article or a certain piece of statistical information, for example, to obtain it quickly for a user. On the other hand, members of the information industry seem to be offering alternatives to libraries. A student with her own computer can now go directly to an on-line service to locate, order, and receive a copy of an article without ever leaving her home.

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Although the development of digital libraries means that people do not have to go to a building for some kinds of information, users still need help to locate the information they want. In a traditional library building, a user has access to a catalog that will help locate a book. In a digital library, a user has access to catalogs to find traditional library materials, but much of the information on, for example, the Internet can not be found through one commonly accepted form of identification. This problem necessitates agreement on standard ways to identify pieces of electronic information (sometimes called meta-data) and the development of codes (such as HTML [Hypertext Markup Language] and SGML [Standard Generalized Markup Language]) that can be inserted into electronic texts.

For many years libraries have bought books and periodicals that people can borrow or photocopy for personal use. Publishers of electronic databases, however, do not usually sell their product, but instead they license it to libraries (or sites) for specific uses. They usually charge libraries a per-user fee or a per-unit fee for the specific amount of information the library uses. When libraries do not own these resources, they have less control over whether older information is saved for future use—another important cultural function of libraries. In the electronic age, questions of copyright, intellectual property rights, and the economics of information have become increasingly important to the future of library service.

Increased availability of electronic information has led libraries, particularly in schools, colleges, and universities, to develop important relationships to their institutions’ computer centres. In some places the computer centre is the place responsible for electronic information and the library is responsible for print information. In some educational institutions librarians have assumed responsibility for both the library collection and computer services.

As technology has changed and allowed ever new ways of creating, storing, organizing, and providing information, public expectation of the role of libraries has increased. Libraries have responded by developing more sophisticated on-line catalogs that allow users to find out whether or not a book has been checked out and what other libraries have it. Libraries have also found that users want information faster, they want the full text of a document instead of a citation to it, and they want information that clearly answers their questions. In response, libraries have provided Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) services, in which librarians choose information that may be of interest to their users and forward it to them before the users request it.

The changes in libraries outlined above originated in the United States and other English-speaking countries. But electronic networks do not have geographic boundaries, and their influence has spread rapidly. With Internet connections in Peking (Beijing), Moscow, and across the globe, people who did not have access to traditional library services now have the opportunity to get information about all types of subjects, free of political censorship.

As libraries have changed, so, too, has the role of the librarian. Increasingly librarians have assumed the role of educator to teach their users how to find information both in the library and over electronic networks. Public librarians have expanded their roles by providing local community information through publicly accessible computing systems. Some librarians are experts about computers and computer software. Others are concerned with how computer technologies can preserve the human cultural records of the past or assure that library collections on crumbling paper or in old computer files can still be used by people many centuries in the future.

The work of librarians has also moved outside library walls. Librarians have begun to work in the information industry as salespeople, designers of new information systems, researchers, and information analysts. They also are found in such fields as marketing and public relations and in such organizations as law firms, where staffs need rapid access to information.

Although libraries have changed significantly over the course of history, as the following section demonstrates, their cultural role has not. Libraries remain responsible for acquiring or providing access to books, periodicals, and other media that meet the educational, recreational, and informational needs of their users. They continue to keep the business, legal, historical, and religious records of a civilization. They are the place where a toddler can hear his first story and a scholar can carry out her research.

Leigh S. Estabrook

Источник