Below you will find the CodyCross — Crossword Answers. CodyCross is without doubt one of the best word games we have played lately.
A new game that is developed by Fanatee who is also known for creating the popular games like Letter Zap and Letroca Word Race.
The concept of the game is very interesting as Cody has landed on planet Earth and needs your help to cross while discovering mysteries.
It will challenge your knowledge and skills in solving crossword puzzles in a new way.
As you find new word the letters will start popping up to help you find the the rest of the words.
Please make sure to check all the levels below and try to match with your correct level. If you still can’t figure it out please comment below and will try to help you out.
Answers updated 29/03/2023
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Transports — Group 110 — Puzzle 3
Latin word meaning the first inhabitants
aborigine
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It’s guaranteed that you have or will run into some of these Latin terms in anything including the lightest reading. That’s because they’re everywhere. In newspapers, textbooks, manuals, et cetera. They are used in, inter alia, academic writing, text messaging, and, quite extensively, law documents. So, they are, ipso facto, very important to know. Ergo, we thought it’s a good idea to combine these Latin words and phrases in one place and explain what they mean so that when you run into some of them next time, you go like, ha! I have seen this word somewhere and I know what it means. So, let’s get down to it.
1. a priori
A belief or conclusion based on assumptions or reasoning of some sort rather than actual experience or empirical evidence. Before actually encountering, experiencing, or observing a fact.
2. a posteriori.
A fact, belief, or argument that is based on actual experience, experiment, or observation. After the fact.
3. ad astra.
To the stars.
4. ad hoc.
For a particular situation, without planning or consideration of some broader purpose or application.
5. ad hominem.
Directed to a particular person rather than generally, such as an attack on a person rather than a position they are espousing.
6. ad infinitum.
Repeat forever.
7. ad lib
Short for ad libitum. As you desire, at one’s pleasure. To speak or perform without preparation.
8. ad nauseam.
Repetition that has become annoying or tiresome.
9. affidavit.
He has sworn. Sworn statement.
10. alma mater.
Nourishing, kind, bounteous mother. School from which one graduated.
11. alias.
Also known as. Otherwise known as. Less commonly as the proper meaning of at another time, otherwise.
12. alibi.
In another place. Elsewhere. Reason one couldn’t have been in a location where an act was committed.
13. alter ego.
Other self. Another side of oneself.
14. A.D.
short for anno Domini. In the year of our Lord. Number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ.
15. a.m.
Short for ante meridiem. Before midday (noon.) Morning.
16. animus.
Spirit, mind, courage anger. Animosity. Intense opposition and ill will towards something, somebody, or some social group, commonly emotional, passionate, and mean-spirited. Hatred.
17. ante.
Before. Earlier. In a Supreme Court opinion, ante refers to an earlier page of the same opinion.
18. ante bellum.
Before the war.
19. ante mortem.
Before death.
20. bona fide.
Genuine. Real. With no intention to deceive.
21. c. / ca. / or cca.
Short for circa. Around. About. Approximately. Relative to a certain year.
22. carpe diem.
Seize the day or moment. Make the best of the present rather than delay or focus on the future.
23. caveat.
Warning, caution, disclaimer, or stipulation.
24. cf.
Short for confer. Compare to. In reference to, as a comparison.
25. cogito ergo sum.
I think, therefore I am — Descartes.
26. consensus.
Agreement. General or widespread agreement.
27. corpus.
Body, especially of written or textual matter such as books and papers.
28. curriculum.
Race. Course of a race. Path of a race. Subjects comprising a course of academic study.
29. CV
Short for curriculum vitae. The course of one’s life. Resume. List of significant academic and professional accomplishments, achievements, awards, education, and training.
30. de facto.
True or matter of fact as it is, regardless of intent, good reason, authority, or official reason for being such.
31. dictum.
Something said. Noteworthy, authoritative statement or principle. Common wisdom.
32. doctor.
Teacher. Learned person. Doctor.
33. ergo.
Therefore.
34. et al.
Short for et alia (neuter plural) or et alii (masculine plural) or et aliae (feminine plural). And others. And all of the others.
35. etc.
Short for et cetera.
36. e pluribus unum.
— Out of many, one — U.S. motto.
37. ex post.
After.
38. ex post facto.
After the fact.
39. e.g.
Short for exempli gratia. For the sake of example. For example.
40. ibid.
Short for ibidem or ib idem. In the same place. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same place as the preceding citation.
41. id.
short for idem. From the same source. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same source, but not from the same location in that source. In contrast to ibidem (ibid.) which means the same location or place in the same source as the preceding citation.
42. i.e.
Short for id est. That is. In other words.
43. in absentia.
Conducted in the absence of.
44. in camera.
In chambers. In private, commonly for legal proceedings, in the judge’s office (chambers.) before digital photography cameras were little “chambers.”
45. in situ.
In position. In place.
46. in toto.
As a whole. Entirely. All of it.
47. incognito.
Unknown. With one’s identity concealed. This is actually an Italian word, derived from the Latin word incognitus.
48. inter alia.
Among others. Among other things.
49. innuendo.
By nodding. Implied. Indirectly implied. Suggested. Oblique allusion.
50. intra.
Within. In a Supreme Court opinion, refers to a decision of another court, typically an appeals court.
51. ipso facto.
By that very fact or act. Therefore.
51. lingua franca.
Common language in a multi-language environment. Technically, it’s Italian.
52. magnum opus.
Great work. Greatest work. Masterpiece.
53. M.O.
short for modus operandi. Mode or method of operation. How you do things.
54. n.b. or N.B.
short for nota bene. Note well. It is worth noting that.
55. per capita.
Per person, for each person, of a population. Individually, but not for any particular person.
56. per cent.
or percent short for per centum. For each one hundred.
57. per se.
By itself. Intrinsically. Specifically.
58. p.m. / PM
short for post meridiem. After midday (noon.) Afternoon.
59. post.
After. Later. In a Supreme Court opinion, post refers to a later page of the same opinion.
60. post mortem.
After death.
61. prima facie.
On its face. Accepted on its face. Accepted as true based on initial impression. Accepted as true unless proven false.
62. PS.
short for post scriptum. Written after. After what has been written. In addition to what has been written. In addition.
63. quasi.
As if. As though. Resembling. Similar but not quite exactly the same. Having many but not all the features of.
64. quid pro quo.
This for that. An exchange of goods or services. A barter transaction. Any contractual transaction.
65. sic
or [sic]. So, this. The previous word should be taken literally even if it is not correct or appropriate.
66. stat.
or stat short for statim. Immediately. Now. without delay.
67. status quo.
The existing state of affairs. As it is. As things are.
68. stricto sensu
or sensu stricto. In a narrow, tight, or strict sense. Strictly speaking.
69. sui generis.
Of its own kind. Unique. Outside of existing categories. In law, outside of existing law.
70. supra.
Above. From the previous cited source.
71. tabula rasa.
Clean slate. Blank slate. Absence of any preconceived notions, ideas, goals, or purpose.
72. veni, vidi, vici.
I came, I saw, I conquered.
73. verbatim.
The same exact words. Literally.
74. vs.
short for versus. Against. In opposition to. As opposed to. In contrast to.
75. veto.
I forbid. Reject.
76. vice versa.
As well as the two immediately preceding subjects of a statement reversed. The same either way. The other way around.
77. viz.
short for videre licet or videlicet. Namely. That is.
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in: Character, Featured, Knowledge of Men
• May 10, 2019 • Last updated: September 3, 2021
What do great men like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt all have in common?
They all were proficient in Latin.
From the Middle Ages until about the middle of the 20th century, Latin was a central part of a man’s schooling in the West. Along with logic and rhetoric, grammar (as Latin was then known) was included as part of the Trivium – the foundation of a medieval liberal arts education. From Latin, all scholarship flowed and it was truly the gateway to the life of the mind, as the bulk of scientific, religious, legal, and philosophical literature was written in the language until about the 16th century. To immerse oneself in classical and humanistic studies, Latin was a must.
Grammar schools in Europe and especially England during this time were Latin schools, and the first secondary school established in America by the Puritans was a Latin school as well. But beginning in the 14th century, writers started to use the vernacular in their works, which slowly chipped away at Latin’s central importance in education. This trend for English-language learning accelerated in the 19th century; schools shifted from turning out future clergymen to graduating businessmen who would take their place in an industrializing economy. An emphasis on the liberal arts slowly gave way to what was considered a more practical education in reading, writing, and arithmetic.
While Latin had been dying a slow death for hundreds of years, it still had a strong presence in schools until the middle of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1960s, college students demanded that the curriculum be more open, inclusive, and less Euro-centric. Among their suggested changes was eliminating Latin as a required course for all students. To quell student protests, universities began to slowly phase out the Latin requirement, and because colleges stopped requiring Latin, many high schools in America stopped offering Latin classes, too. Around the same time, the Catholic Church revised its liturgy and permitted priests to lead Mass in vernacular languages instead of Latin, thus eliminating one of the public’s last ties to the ancient language.
While it’s no longer a requirement for a man to know Latin to get ahead in life, it’s still a great subject to study. I had to take classes in Latin as part of my “Letters” major at the University of Oklahoma, and I really enjoyed it. Even if you’re well out of school yourself, there are a myriad of reasons why you should still consider obtaining at least a rudimentary knowledge of the language:
Knowing Latin can improve your English vocabulary. While English is a Germanic language, Latin has strongly influenced it. Most of our prefixes and some of the roots of common English words derive from Latin. By some estimates, 30% of English words derive from the ancient language. By knowing the meaning of these Latin words, if you chance to come across a word you’ve never seen before, you can make an educated guess at what it means. In fact, studies have found that high school students who studied Latin scored a mean of 647 on the SAT verbal exam, compared with the national average of 505.
Knowing Latin can improve your foreign language vocabulary. Much of the commonly spoken Romanic languages like Spanish, French, and Italian derived from Vulgar Latin. You’ll be surprised by the number of Romanic words that are pretty much the same as their Latin counterparts.
Many legal terms are in Latin. Nolo contendere. Mens rea. Caveat emptor. Do you know what those mean? They’re actually common legal terms. While strides have been made to translate legal writing into plain English, you’ll still see old Latin phrases thrown into legal contracts every now and then. To be an educated citizen and consumer, you need to know what these terms mean. If you plan on going to law school, I highly recommend boning up on Latin. You’ll run into it all the time, particularly when reading older case law.
Knowing Latin can give you more insight to history and literature. Latin was the lingua franca of the West for over a thousand years. Consequently, much of our history, science, and great literature was first recorded in Latin. Reading these classics in the original language can give you insights you otherwise may have missed by consuming it in English.
Moreover, modern writers (and by modern I mean beginning in the 17th century) often pepper their work with Latin words and phrases without offering a translation because they (reasonably) expect the reader to be familiar with it. This is true of great books from even just a few decades ago (seems much less common these days – which isn’t a hopeful commentary on the direction of the public’s literacy I would think). Not having a rudimentary knowledge of Latin will cause you to miss out on fully understanding what the writer meant to convey.
Below we’ve put together a list of Latin words and phrases to help pique your interest in learning this classical language. This list isn’t exhaustive by any stretch of the imagination. We’ve included some of the most common Latin words and phrases that you still see today, which are helpful to know in boosting your all-around cultural literacy. We’ve also included some particularly virile sayings, aphorisms, and mottos that can inspire greatness or remind us of important truths. Perhaps you’ll find a Latin phrase that you can adopt as your personal motto. Semper Virilis!
Latin Words and Phrases Every Man Should Know
- a posteriori — from the latter; knowledge or justification is dependent on experience or empirical evidence
- a priori — from what comes before; knowledge or justification is independent of experience
- acta non verba — deeds, not words
- ad hoc — to this — improvised or made up
- ad hominem — to the man; below-the-belt personal attack rather than a reasoned argument
- ad honorem — for honor
- ad infinitum — to infinity
- ad nauseam — used to describe an argument that has been taking place to the point of nausea
- ad victoriam — to victory; more commonly translated into “for victory,” this was a battle cry of the Romans
- alea iacta est — the die has been cast
- alias — at another time; an assumed name or pseudonym
- alibi — elsewhere
- alma mater — nourishing mother; used to denote one’s college/university
- amor patriae — love of one’s country
- amor vincit omnia — love conquers all
- annuit cœptis –He (God) nods at things being begun; or “he approves our undertakings,” motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States and on the back of the United States one-dollar bill
- ante bellum — before the war; commonly used in the Southern United States as antebellum to refer to the period preceding the American Civil War
- ante meridiem — before noon; A.M., used in timekeeping
- aqua vitae — water of life; used to refer to various native distilled beverages, such as whisky (uisge beatha) in Scotland and Ireland, gin in Holland, and brandy (eau de vie) in France
- arte et marte — by skill and valour
- astra inclinant, sed non obligant — the stars incline us, they do not bind us; refers to the strength of free will over astrological determinism
- audemus jura nostra defendere — we dare to defend our rights; state motto of Alabama
- audere est facere — to dare is to do
- audio — I hear
- aurea mediocritas — golden mean; refers to the ethical goal of reaching a virtuous middle ground between two sinful extremes
- auribus teneo lupum — I hold a wolf by the ears; a common ancient proverb; indicates that one is in a dangerous situation where both holding on and letting go could be deadly; a modern version is, “to have a tiger by the tail”
- aut cum scuto aut in scuto — either with shield or on shield; do or die, “no retreat”; said by Spartan mothers to their sons as they departed for battle
- aut neca aut necare — either kill or be killed
- aut viam inveniam aut faciam — I will either find a way or make one; said by Hannibal, the great ancient military commander
- barba non facit philosophum — a beard doesn’t make one a philosopher
- bellum omnium contra omnes — war of all against all
- bis dat qui cito dat — he gives twice, who gives promptly; a gift given without hesitation is as good as two gifts
- bona fide — good faith
- bono malum superate — overcome evil with good
- carpe diem — seize the day
- caveat emptor — let the buyer beware; the purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need
- circa — around, or approximately
- citius altius forties — faster, higher, stronger; modern Olympics motto
- cogito ergo sum — “I think therefore I am”; famous quote by Rene Descartes
- contemptus mundi/saeculi — scorn for the world/times; despising the secular world, the monk or philosopher’s rejection of a mundane life and worldly values
- corpus christi — body of Christ
- corruptissima re publica plurimae leges — when the republic is at its most corrupt the laws are most numerous; said by Tacitus
- creatio ex nihilo — creation out of nothing; a concept about creation, often used in a theological or philosophical context
- cura te ipsum — take care of your own self; an exhortation to physicians, or experts in general, to deal with their own problems before addressing those of others
- curriculum vitae — the course of one’s life; in business, a lengthened resume
- de facto — from the fact; distinguishing what’s supposed to be from what is reality
- deo volente — God willing
- deus ex machina — God out of a machine; a term meaning a conflict is resolved in improbable or implausible ways
- dictum factum — what is said is done
- disce quasi semper victurus vive quasi cras moriturus — learn as if you’re always going to live; live as if tomorrow you’re going to die
- discendo discimus — while teaching we learn
- docendo disco, scribendo cogito — I learn by teaching, think by writing
- ductus exemplo — leadership by example
- ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt — the fates lead the willing and drag the unwilling; attributed to Lucius Annaeus Seneca
- dulce bellum inexpertis — war is sweet to the inexperienced
- dulce et decorum est pro patria mori — it is sweet and fitting to die for your country
- dulcius ex asperis — sweeter after difficulties
- e pluribus unum — out of many, one; on the U.S. seal, and was once the country’s de facto motto
- emeritus — veteran; retired from office
- ergo — therefore
- et alii — and others; abbreviated et al.
- et cetera — and the others
- et tu, Brute? — last words of Caesar after being murdered by friend Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, used today to convey utter betrayal
- ex animo — from the heart; thus, “sincerely”
- ex libris — from the library of; to mark books from a library
- ex nihilo — out of nothing
- ex post facto — from a thing done afterward; said of a law with retroactive effect
- faber est suae quisque fortunae — every man is the artisan of his own fortune; quote by Appius Claudius Caecus
- fac fortia et patere — do brave deeds and endure
- fac simile — make alike; origin of the word “fax”
- flectere si nequeo superos, acheronta movebo — if I cannot move heaven I will raise hell; from Virgil’s Aeneid
- fortes fortuna adiuvat — fortune favors the bold
- fortis in arduis — strong in difficulties
- gloria in excelsis Deo — glory to God in the highest
- habeas corpus — you should have the body; a legal term from the 14th century or earlier; commonly used as the general term for a prisoner’s right to challenge the legality of their detention
- habemus papam — we have a pope; used after a Catholic Church papal election to announce publicly a successful ballot to elect a new pope
- historia vitae magistra — history, the teacher of life; from Cicero; also “history is the mistress of life”
- hoc est bellum — this is war
- homo unius libri (timeo) — (I fear) a man of one book; attributed to Thomas Aquinas
- honor virtutis praemium — esteem is the reward of virtue
- hostis humani generis — enemy of the human race; Cicero defined pirates in Roman law as being enemies of humanity in general
- humilitas occidit superbiam — humility conquers pride
- igne natura renovatur integra — through fire, nature is reborn whole
- ignis aurum probat — fire tests gold; a phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances
- in absentia — in the absence
- in aqua sanitas — in water there is health
- in flagrante delicto — in flaming crime; caught red-handed, or in the act
- in memoriam — into the memory; more commonly “in memory of”
- in omnia paratus — ready for anything
- in situ — in position; something that exists in an original or natural state
- in toto — in all or entirely
- in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus — then we will fight in the shade; made famous by Spartans in the battle of Thermopylae and by the movie 300
- in utero — in the womb
- in vitro — in glass; biological process that occurs in the lab
- incepto ne desistam — may I not shrink from my purpose
- intelligenti pauca — few words suffice for he who understands
- invicta — unconquered
- invictus maneo — I remain unvanquished
- ipso facto — by the fact itself; something is true by its very nature
- labor omnia vincit — hard work conquers all
- laborare pugnare parati sumus — to work, (or) to fight; we are ready
- labore et honore — by labor and honor
- leges sine moribus vanae — laws without morals [are] vain
- lex parsimoniae — law of succinctness; also known as Occam’s Razor; the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
- lex talionis — the law of retaliation
- magna cum laude — with great praise
- magna est vis consuetudinis — great is the power of habit
- magnum opus — great work; said of someone’s masterpiece
- mala fide — in bad faith; said of an act done with knowledge of its illegality, or with intention to defraud or mislead someone; opposite of bona fide
- malum in se — wrong in itself; a legal term meaning that something is inherently wrong
- malum prohibitum — wrong due to being prohibited; a legal term meaning that something is only wrong because it is against the law
- mea culpa — my fault
- meliora — better things; carrying the connotation of “always better”
- memento mori — remember that [you will] die; was whispered by a servant into the ear of a victorious Roman general to check his pride as he paraded through cheering crowds after a victory; a genre of art meant to remind the viewer of the reality of his death
- memento vivere — remember to live
- memores acti prudentes future — mindful of what has been done, aware of what will be
- modus operandi — method of operating; abbreviated M.O.
- montani semper liberi — mountaineers [are] always free; state motto of West Virginia
- morior invictus — death before defeat
- morituri te salutant — those who are about to die salute you; popularized as a standard salute from gladiators to the emperor, but only recorded once in Roman history
- morte magis metuenda senectus — old age should rather be feared than death
- mulgere hircum — to milk a male goat; to attempt the impossible
- multa paucis — say much in few words
- nanos gigantum humeris insidentes — dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants; commonly known by the letters of Isaac Newton: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
- nec aspera terrent — they don’t terrify the rough ones; frightened by no difficulties; less literally “difficulties be damned”
- nec temere nec timide — neither reckless nor timid
- nil volentibus arduum — nothing [is] arduous for the willing
- nolo contendere — I do not wish to contend; that is, “no contest”; a plea that can be entered on behalf of a defendant in a court that states that the accused doesn’t admit guilt, but will accept punishment for a crime
- non ducor, duco — I am not led; I lead
- non loqui sed facere — not talk but action
- non progredi est regredi — to not go forward is to go backward
- non scholae, sed vitae discimus — we learn not for school, but for life; from Seneca
- non sequitur — it does not follow; in general, a comment which is absurd due to not making sense in its context (rather than due to being inherently nonsensical or internally inconsistent); often used in humor
- non sum qualis eram — I am not such as I was; or “I am not the kind of person I once was”
- nosce te ipsum — know thyself; from Cicero
- novus ordo seclorum — new order of the ages; from Virgil; motto on the Great Seal of the United States
- nulla tenaci invia est via — for the tenacious, no road is impassable
- obliti privatorum, publica curate — forget private affairs, take care of public ones; Roman political saying which reminds that common good should be given priority over private matters for any person having a responsibility in the State
- panem et circenses — bread and circuses; originally described all that was needed for emperors to placate the Roman mob; today used to describe any entertainment used to distract public attention from more important matters
- para bellum — prepare for war; if you want peace, prepare for war; if a country is ready for war, its enemies are less likely to attack
- parvis imbutus tentabis grandia tutus — when you are steeped in little things, you shall safely attempt great things; sometimes translated as, “once you have accomplished small things, you may attempt great ones safely”
- pater familias — father of the family; the eldest male in a family
- pecunia, si uti scis, ancilla est; si nescis, domina — if you know how to use money, money is your slave; if you don’t, money is your master
- per angusta ad augusta — through difficulties to greatness
- per annum — by the year
- per capita — by the person
- per diem — by the day
- per se — through itself
- persona non grata — person not pleasing; an unwelcome, unwanted or undesirable person
- pollice verso — with a turned thumb; used by Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator
- post meridiem — after noon; P.M.; used in timekeeping
- post mortem — after death
- postscriptum — thing having been written afterward; in writing, abbreviated P.S.
- praemonitus praemunitus — forewarned is forearmed
- praesis ut prosis ne ut imperes — lead in order to serve, not in order to rule
- primus inter pares — first among equals; a title of the Roman Emperors
- pro bono — for the good; in business, refers to services rendered at no charge
- pro rata — for the rate
- quam bene vivas referre (or refert), non quam diu — it is how well you live that matters, not how long; from Seneca
- quasi — as if; as though
- qui totum vult totum perdit — he who wants everything loses everything; attributed to Seneca
- quid agis — what’s going on; what’s up, what’s happening, etc.
- quid pro quo — this for that; an exchange of value
- quidquid Latine dictum sit altum videtur — whatever has been said in Latin seems deep; or “anything said in Latin sounds profound”; a recent ironic Latin phrase to poke fun at people who seem to use Latin phrases and quotations only to make themselves sound more important or “educated”
- quis custodiet ipsos custodes? — who will guard the guards themselves?; commonly associated with Plato
- quorum — of whom; the number of members whose presence is required under the rules to make any given meeting constitutional
- requiescat in pace — let him rest in peace; abbreviated R.I.P.
- rigor mortis — stiffness of death
- scientia ac labore — knowledge through hard work
- scientia ipsa potentia est — knowledge itself is power
- semper anticus — always forward
- semper fidelis — always faithful; U.S. Marines motto
- semper fortis — always brave
- semper paratus — always prepared
- semper virilis — always virile
- si vales, valeo — when you are strong, I am strong
- si vis pacem, para bellum — if you want peace, prepare for war
- sic parvis magna — greatness from small beginnings — motto of Sir Frances Drake
- sic semper tyrannis — thus always to tyrants; attributed to Brutus at the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination, and to John Wilkes Booth at the time of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination; whether it was actually said at either of these events is disputed
- sic vita est — thus is life; the ancient version of “it is what it is”
- sola fide — by faith alone
- sola nobilitat virtus — virtue alone ennobles
- solvitur ambulando — it is solved by walking
- spes bona — good hope
- statim (stat) — immediately; medical shorthand
- status quo — the situation in which; current condition
- subpoena — under penalty
- sum quod eris — I am what you will be; a gravestone inscription to remind the reader of the inevitability of death
- summa cum laude — with highest praise
- summum bonum — the supreme good
- suum cuique — to each his own
- tabula rasa — scraped tablet; “blank slate”; John Locke used the term to describe the human mind at birth, before it had acquired any knowledge
- tempora heroic — Heroic Age
- tempus edax rerum — time, devourer of all things
- tempus fugit — time flees; commonly mistranslated “time flies”
- terra firma — firm ground
- terra incognita — unknown land; used on old maps to show unexplored areas
- vae victis — woe to the conquered
- vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas — vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity; from the Bible (Ecclesiastes 1)
- veni vidi vici — I came, I saw, I conquered; famously said by Julius Caesar
- verbatim — repeat exactly
- veritas et aequitas — truth and equity
- versus — against
- veto — I forbid
- vice versa — to change or turn around
- vincit qui patitur — he conquers who endures
- vincit qui se vincit — he conquers who conquers himself
- vir prudens non contra ventum mingit — [a] wise man does not urinate [up] against the wind
- virile agitur — the manly thing is being done
- viriliter agite — act in a manly way
- viriliter agite estote fortes — quit ye like men, be strong
- virtus tentamine gaudet — strength rejoices in the challenge
- virtute et armis — by virtue and arms; or “by manhood and weapons”; state motto of Mississippi
- vive memor leti — live remembering death
- vivere est vincere — to live is to conquer; Captain John Smith’s personal motto
- vivere militare est — to live is to fight
- vox populi — voice of the people
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Who says Latin is a dead language? It’s true that no country speaks Latin anymore, but thousands of English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. More than that, Latin words, expressions, and abbreviations are part of everyday English, particularly in the areas of law and business. Below I’ve listed 77 examples of Latin terms every English speaker should become familiar with.
|
Latin Word/Phrase |
Literal Translation |
Definition |
Sample Sentence |
| a priori | from the former | Supposed to be true without proof; occurring or being known beforehand. | We know a priori that matter exists; the question is–how did it come into being? |
| ad hoc | to this | Improvised on the spot or for a specific, immediate purpose. | The committee was formed ad hoc to address increasing crime in the neighborhood. |
| ad hominem | to/at the man | A logical fallacy in which the person rather than his argument is attacked. | Ad hominem attack ads are all too common during campaign season. |
| ad infinitum | to infinity | Going on forever. | Because pi is an irrational number, the digits after the decimal continue ad infinitum. |
| ad nauseam | to the point of disgust | Alternative to ad infinitum; repeating until it makes one sick. | Tom complained ad nauseam about his new job. |
| alibi | elsewhere | A legal defense where a defendant seeks to show that he was elsewhere when the crime was committed. | The defendant had clear motive, but his alibi was airtight, so the jury declared him not guilty. |
| alma mater | nourishing mother | The school or university from which one graduates. | Dad returns to his alma mater every few years for his class reunion. |
| alter ego | another I | Another self; secret identity. | Spiderman’s famous alter ego is wimpy news photographer Peter Parker. |
| antebellum | before the war | Usually refers to the period before the American Civil War. | Even in northern states racism was common during the antebellum period. |
| aurora borealis | northern lights | A natural light display visible in the night time sky in Arctic regions; the same phenomena in the south is known as the aurora australis. | Even after twenty years of living in northern Alaska, Carol never ceased to be astonished by the sudden beauty of the aurora borealis. |
| Ave Maria | Hail, Mary | Catholic prayer to Mary, the mother of Jesus. | My devout sister prays the Ave Maria every night before bed. |
| bona fide | good faith | Coming from sincere intentions; genuine, true. | The painting is a bona fide Renoir. |
| caveat emptor | let the buyer beware | The purchaser is responsible for evaluating the quality and utility of the goods he purchases. | The sign over the entrance of the used car dealership – caveat emptor – did not give me confidence. |
| coram deo | in the presence of god | The theological idea that we live ever in the presence of, under the authority of, and to the honor and glory of God. | We are never really alone, because all of life is lived coram deo. |
| corpus | body | Contents; or collection of works by an author or artist; a particular collection of artistic works. | The corpus of William Shakespeare includes dramatic tragedies, comedies, and histories. |
| cum laude | with honor | A title applied to academic graduates who attain to a level of excellence. Students can also graduate magna cum laude (with great honor) or summa cum laude (with highest honor). | Sarah is naturally smart, but it was her dedication to academic study that caused her to graduate summa cum laude. |
| curriculum vitae | course of life | A comprehensive resume listing educational and employment history and qualifications for job seekers. | It’s a good idea to present your prospective employer with a copy of your curriculum vitae at the start of a job interview. |
| de facto | in fact | Actually; in reality. | The intention of the new law is good, but de facto, it just doesn’t work. |
| de jure | by law | According to law; by right. | De jure, adultery is illegal in many states, but the laws are never enforced. |
| deus ex machina | God from the machine | An unexpected, artificial, or improbable resolution to a plot situation in a work of fiction. | The action movie was entertaining, but the ending was an unconvincing deus ex machina. |
| emeritus | having served one’s time | An adjective used to denote a retired professor, president, bishop, or other professional; post-retirement status. | Today’s speaker is Dr. Ruth Fisher, professor emeritus at Stanford University. |
| ex libris | from the books | A phrase often stamped or printed on books to denote ownership; “from the library of.” | I am happy to lend my books, but I stamp them “ex libris Tony Danza” so I can get them back. |
| ex nihilo | out of nothing | Usually refers to divine creation and the idea that God made the world out of nothing, with no preexisting tools or materials. | All men are by nature creative, but only God creates ex nihilo. |
| ex post facto | from a thing done afterward | Usually used in a legal context, ex post facto refers to a law that is retroactive, that applies to actions taken prior to the existence of the law. | The new law will not apply to previous violators because it cannot be applied ex post facto. |
| habeas corpus | have the body | A writ ordering a person to appear before a judge, or the right to obtain such a writ as protection against imprisonment without trial. | Terrorism suspects often have no right to habeas corpus and can be held indefinitely without trial. |
| homo sapien | wise man | Human; the scientific name for the human species. | There is some question about whether or not the fossilized skeleton is homo sapien. |
| in loco parentis | in place of a parent | In legal terms, assuming the authority and responsibilities of a parent. | While at school, your teachers serve in loco parentis. |
| in medias res | in the middle of things | A literary technique where the telling of the story begins in the middle rather than at the beginning. | Epic poems often begin in medias res and explain the earlier parts of the story via dialogue. |
| in toto | in total | Completely; totally, all together. | Even though lots of things went wrong, in toto, the event was a success. |
| in vitro | in glass | Refers to studies done on organisms isolated from their normal biological surroundings; commonly called test tube studies or experiments. | |
| ipso facto | by the fact itself | As a direct consequence or effect of the action in question; in and of itself. | Steve was swerving and driving too slow; ipso facto, he was pulled over and tested for driving under the influence. |
| magnum opus | great work | The largest, best, or greatest achievement of an artist. | His ninth symphony is considered Beethoven’s magnum opus. |
| mea culpa | my fault | My mistake; my fault; an admission of guilt or responsibility. | The football player made a televised mea culpa after his disgraceful public behavior. |
| non sequiter | it does not follow | A logical fallacy where the conclusion does not reasonably follow from the premise; or, in literature, an irrelevant, often humorous response to a comment. | Overall, your argument is convincing, but your point about public education was a non-sequiter. |
| Pax Romana | roman peace | A period in history, during the dominance of the Roman empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, when relative peace reigned and little expansion of the Empire took place. | Christianity spread rapidly during the Pax Romana. |
| per capita | by heads | Per person; a ratio by the number of persons. | Each year, Americans eat about 135 pounds of sugar per capita. |
| per diem | per day | A daily allowance for expenses. | On my trip to Philadelphia, the company gave me a $100 per diem. |
| per se | through itself | In itself; by itself; without reference to anything else. | Eating salt isn’t bad per se, but consuming too much carries various health risks. |
| persona non grata | not-pleasing person | An unwelcome, unwanted, or undesirable person. | After I broke Aunt Wilma’s antique vase, I was persona non-grata at the Thomas home. |
| postmortem | after death | After death. | Officials determined the death was accidental after a postmortem examination. |
| prima facie | at first sight | Often refers to evidence in a trial that suggests but does not prove guilt. | Even though the prima facie evidence was strong, the defendant’s innocence became clear as the trial wore on. |
| pro bono | for good | Work undertaken voluntarily without compensation. | The lawyer was so moved by the plight of the workers, he defended their case pro bono. |
| pro rata | for the rate | Proportionately or proportional. | Extra nights at the hotel are charged pro rata of the weekly rental. |
| quid pro quo | what for what | This for that; a thing for a thing; a favor exchanged for favor. | After I picked him up at the airport, Larry took me to lunch as a quid pro quo. |
| quorum | of whom | The number of members whose presence is required. | Only ten board members showed up, leaving them two short of a quorum. |
| re | by the thing | In the matter of; referring to; regarding. | Is this phone call re the recent estate auction? |
| rigor mortis | stiffness of death | The rigidity that sets in on corpses about three to four hours after death. | The police had a hard time removing the briefcase from the victim’s grasp, rigor mortis having set in. |
| semper fideles | always faithful | The motto of the U.S. Marine Corps; sometimes abbreviated semper fi. | My uncle, the retired Marine sergeant, has “semper fideles” tattooed on his arm. |
| sic | thus | Just so; used to indicate that a preceding quotation is copied exactly, despite any errors of spelling, grammar, or fact. | The student wrote “the communists were probly right about some things [sic].” |
| sola fide | faith alone | One of the “Five Solas” of the Protestant Reformation that summarize the theology of the reformers. The others are sola scriptura (by Scripture alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), solo Christo (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone). | An important tenet of Protestantism is the idea of sola fide – that salvation is attained by faith, not works. |
| status quo | the situation in which | The current condition or situation; the way things are. | The protestors were unhappy about the status quo. |
| subpoena | under penalty | A request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of punishment. | The officer issued me a subpoena to appear in court in June. |
| tabula rasa | scraped tablet | A blank slate; a clean slate; used figuratively to describe the human mind prior to influential experience. | The idea of original sin is at odds with the notion that babies are born with a moral tabula rasa. |
| terra firma | solid land | Solid ground. | After eight days at sea, I couldn’t wait to set foot on terra firma. |
| verbatim | word for word | Perfect transcription or quotation. | I’m sorry it offends you, but that’s what he said verbatim. |
| veto | I forbid | The political power to single-handedly stop or make void a law. | The bill passed by a slim margin, but the President is likely to veto it. |
| vice versa | the other way around | The other way around. | Tom is in love with Lorraine and vice versa. |
| vox populi | voice of the people | In broadcasting, an unscripted interview with ordinary members of the public. | After the controversial trial, networks broadcast numerous vox populi interviews. |
|
Common Abbreviations |
|||
| A.D. (Anno Domini) | in the Year of the Lord | The predominantly used system for dating, indicating years since the birth of Jesus Christ. Years prior to the birth of Christ are normally indicated by BC, an English abbreviation for Before Christ. | The Battle of Hastings took place in A.D. 1066. |
| AM (ante meridiem) | before midday | Indicates the time from midnight to noon. | Normally, I awake at 6 AM. |
| e.g.(exempli gratia) | for the sake of example | For example. | My favorite movies are Westerns (e.g., High Noon, True Grit, Unforgiven) |
| et al. (et alii) | and others | Similar to et cetera, to stand for a list of names, particularly in APA and MLA style papers. | Defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy – David Beckham, Landon Donovan et al. – in the 2009 MLS Cup final proved possible. |
| etc. (et cetera) | and the rest | And so on; and more. | Sylvia purchased pots, pans, utensils, etc. for her new kitchen. |
| i.e. (id est) | that is | That is to say; which means; in other words. | Jim encountered Victor, (i.e, his new boss) in the elevator that morning. |
| ibid. (ibidem) | in the same place | Used in formal citations to refer to the last referenced source. |
Ibid. |
| m.o. (modus operandi) | method of operating | Usually associated with criminals and their methods of committing crimes. | The police suspected Harry Harrison because the crime fit his m.o. perfectly. |
| PM (post meridiem) | after midday | The time between noon and midnight. | I will meet you for coffee at 2 PM. |
| p.s. (post scriptum) | after text | After writing; used to indicated addendums to otherwise completed personal letters. | Sincerely,George
p.s., Don’t forget to feed the parrot. |
| Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) | what was to be demonstrated | Often written at the bottom of a mathematical or logical proof, indicating that the proof is complete. | “No snakes have legs. That creature has legs. Therefore, the creature is not a snake. Q.E.D.” |
| R.I.P. (requiescat in pace) | rest in peace | A benediction for the dead often appearing on gravestones. | Inscribed on his tombstone were the simple words, “Henry Humble, R.I.P.” |
| vs. or v. (versus) | towards; in the direction | Mistakenly used in English to mean “against,” particularly to indicate opposing parties in legal disputes or athletic events. | Today’s main event is Wally Wilson vs. Tony “The Tiger” Thomson. |
|
Quotes and Sayings |
|||
| carpe diem | seize the day | A phrase from a poem by Horace, now an aphorism meaning, “take advantage of life while you can.” | The closer I get to old age, the more I realize how important it is to live life with a carpe diem approach. |
| Cogito ergo sum. | I think, therefore, I am | The famous philosophical proposition by René Descartes. It implies that doubting one’s own existence proves one’s existence. | Cogito ergo sum is the foundation of Cartesian thought. |
| Veni, vidi, vici. | I came, I saw, I conquered | A sentence attributed to Julius Caesar upon his conquest of Britain. Quoted by Plutarch. | When asked about his recent victory at the U.S. Open, Johns replied, “Veni, vidi, vici!” |
| e pluribus unum | out of many, one | A phrase on the Seal of the United States. | Many U.S. coins pay tribute to the melting pot history of the country with the phrase e pluribus unum. |
| et tu, Brute? | and you also, Brutus? | Legendarily the last words of Julius Caesar as he realizes that his friend Marcus Brutus was among his murderers. | After I joined in the teasing, my brother looked at me with a mock-tragic grin and said, “Et tu, Brute?” |
| sic semper tyrannis | thus always to tyrants | Sometimes attributed to Brutus as he participated in the assassination of Julius Caesar. John Wilkes Booth claimed to have shouted this phrase after shooting Abraham Lincoln. The motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | The historic American resistance to dictatorship is expressed in the common phrase, sic semper tyrannis. |
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Please leave your comments and questions below!
This article lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before that of ancient Rome.
A[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| a bene placito | from one well pleased | i.e., «at will» or «at one’s pleasure.» This phrase, and its Italian (beneplacito) and Spanish (beneplácito) derivatives, are synonymous with the more common ad libitum (at pleasure). |
| a capite ad calcem | from head to heel | i.e., «from top to bottom,» «all the way through,» or «from head to toe.» See also a pedibus usque ad caput. |
| a contrario | from the opposite | i.e., «on the contrary» or «au contraire«. Thus, an argumentum a contrario («argument from the contrary») is an argument or proof by contrast or direct opposite. |
| a Deucalione | from or since Deucalion | A long time ago; from Gaius Lucilius, Satires VI, 284 |
| a falsis principiis proficisci | to set forth from false principles | Legal phrase. From Cicero, De Finibus IV.53. |
| a fortiori | from the stronger | i.e., «even more so» or «with even stronger reason.» Often used to lead from a less certain proposition to a more evident corollary. |
| a maiore ad minus | from the greater to the smaller | From general to particular; «What holds for all X also holds for one particular X.» – argument a fortiori |
| a minore ad maius | from the smaller to the greater | An inference from smaller to bigger; what is forbidden at least is forbidden at more («If riding a bicycle with two on it is forbidden, riding it with three on it is at least similarly punished.») |
| a pedibus usque ad caput | from feet to head | i.e., «completely,» «from tip to toe,» «from head to toe.» Equally a capite ad calcem. See also ab ovo usque ad mala. |
| a posse ad esse | from being able to being | «From possibility to actuality» or «from being possible to being actual». |
| a posteriori | from the latter | Based on observation, i. e., empirical evidence. Opposite of a priori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known after a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something known from experience. |
| a priori | from the former | Presupposed independent of experience; the reverse of a posteriori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known or postulated before a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something is supposed without empirical evidence. In everyday speech, it denotes something occurring or being known before the event. |
| a solis ortu usque ad occasum | from sunrise to sunset | |
| ab absurdo | from the absurd | Said of an argument either for a conclusion that rests on the alleged absurdity of an opponent’s argument (cf. appeal to ridicule) or that another assertion is false because it is absurd. The phrase is distinct from reductio ad absurdum, which is usually a valid logical argument. |
| ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia | The inference of a use from its abuse is not valid | i.e., a right is still a right even if it is abused (e.g. practiced in a morally/ethically wrong way); cf. § abusus non tollit usum. |
| ab aeterno | from the eternal | Literally, «from the everlasting,» «from eternity,» or «from outside of time.» Philosophically and theologically, it indicates something, e. g., the universe, that was created from outside of time. Sometimes used incorrectly to denote something, not from without time, but from a point within time, i.e. «from time immemorial,» «since the beginning of time.» or «from an infinitely remote time in the past») |
| ab antiquo | from the ancient | i.e., from ancient times |
| ab epistulis | from the letters[1] | Regarding or pertaining to correspondence.[1] Ab epistulis was originally the title of the secretarial office in the Roman Empire |
| ab extra | from beyond/without | Legal term denoting derivation from an external source, as opposed to a person’s self or mind—the latter of which is denoted by ab intra. |
| ab hinc | from here on | Also sometimes written as «abhinc» |
| ab imo pectore | from the deepest chest | i.e., «from the bottom of my heart,» «with deepest affection,» or «sincerely.» Attributed to Julius Caesar. |
| ab inconvenienti | from an inconvenient thing | New Latin for «based on unsuitability,» «from inconvenience,» or «from hardship.» An argumentum ab inconvenienti is one based on the difficulties involved in pursuing a line of reasoning, and is thus a form of appeal to consequences. The phrase refers to the legal principle that an argument from inconvenience has great weight. |
| ab incunabulis | from the cradle | i.e., «from the beginning» or «from infancy.» Incunabula is commonly used in English to refer to the earliest stage or origin of something, and especially to copies of books that predate the spread of the printing press c. AD 1500. |
| ab initio | from the beginning | i.e., «from the outset,» referring to an inquiry or investigation. Ab initio mundi means «from the beginning of the world.» In literature, it refers to a story told from the beginning rather than in medias res (‘from the middle’). In science, it refers to the first principles. In other contexts, it often refers to beginner or training courses. In law, it refers to a thing being true from its beginning or from the instant of the act, rather than from when the court declared it so. Likewise, an annulment is a judicial declaration of the invalidity or nullity of a marriage ab initio: the so-called marriage was «no thing» (Latin: nullius, from which the word «nullity» derives) and never existed, except perhaps in name only. |
| ab intestato | from an intestate | i.e., from a (dead) decedent, who died without executing a legal will; cf. ex testamento |
| ab intra | from within | i.e., from the inside, as opposed to ab extra («from without»). |
| ab invito | against one’s will | |
| ab irato | from/by an angry person | More literally, «from/by an angry man.» Though the form irato is masculine, the application of the phrase is not limited to men. Rather, «person» is meant because the phrase probably elides homo («man/person»), not vir («man»). It is used in law to describe a decision or action that is motivated by hatred or anger instead of reason and is detrimental to those whom it affects. |
| ab origine | from the source | i.e., from the origin, beginning, source, or commencement; or, «originally.»
Root of the word aboriginal. |
| ab ovo | from the egg | i.e., from the beginning or origin. Derived from the longer phrase in Horace’s Satire 1.3: «ab ovo usque ad mala,» meaning «from the egg to the apples,» referring to how Ancient Roman meals would typically begin with an egg dish and end with fruit (cf. the English phrase soup to nuts). Thus, ab ovo means «from the beginning,» and can connote thoroughness. |
| absens haeres non erit | an absent person will not be an heir | Legal principle that a person who is not present is unlikely to inherit. |
| absente reo (abs. re.) | [with] the defendant being absent | Legal phrase denoting action «in the absence of the accused.» |
| absit iniuria | absent from injury | i.e., «no offense,» meaning to wish that no insult or injury be presumed or done by the speaker’s words. Also rendered as absit iniuria verbis («let injury be absent from these words»). cf. absit invidia. |
| absit invidia | absent from envy | As opposed to «no offense,» absit invidia is said in the context of a statement of excellence, to ward off envious deities who might interpret a statement of excellence as hubris. Also extended to absit invidia verbo («may ill will/envy be absent from these words»). cf. absit iniuria verbis.[2] |
| absit omen | absent from omen | i.e., «let this not be a bad omen,» expressing the hope that something ill-boding does not turn out to be bad luck in the future. |
| absolutum dominium | absolute dominion | i.e., total or supreme power, dominion, ownership, or sovereignty |
| absolvo | I absolve | Legal term pronounced by a judge in order to acquit a defendant following their trial. Te absolvo or absolvo te («I forgive you») is said by Roman Catholic priests during the Sacrament of Confession, prior to the Second Vatican Council and in vernacular thereafter. |
| abundans cautela non nocet | abundant caution does no harm | i.e., «one can never be too careful» |
| ab uno disce omnes | from one, learn all | Refers to situations in which a single example or observation indicates a general or universal truth. Coined in Virgil, Aeneid II 65-6. Example: in the court of King Silas in the American television series Kings. |
| ab urbe condita (AUC) | from the founding of the City | i.e., «from the founding of Rome,» which occurred in 753 BC, according to Livy. It was used as a referential year in ancient Rome from which subsequent years were calculated, prior to being replaced by other dating conventions. Also anno urbis conditae (AUC), literally «in the year of the founded city.» |
| abusus non tollit usum | misuse does not remove use | The misuse of some thing does not eliminate the possibility of its correct use. cf. ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia |
| ab utili | from utility | Used of an argument |
| abyssus abyssum invocat | deep calleth unto deep | From Psalms 42:7; some translations have «sea calls to sea.» |
| accipe hoc | take this | Motto of the 848 Naval Air Squadron, British Royal Navy |
| accusare nemo se debet nisi coram Deo | no one ought to accuse himself except in the presence of God | Legal principle denoting that an accused person is entitled to plead not guilty, and that a witness is not obligated to respond or submit a document that would incriminate himself. A similar phrase is nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare («no one is bound to accuse himself»). |
| acta deos numquam mortalia fallunt | mortal actions never deceive the gods | Derived from Ovid, Tristia, I.ii, 97: si tamen acta deos numquam mortalia fallunt, / a culpa facinus scitis abesse mea. («Yet if mortal actions never deceive the gods, / you know that crime was absent from my fault.») |
| acta est fabula plaudite | The play has been performed; applaud! | Common ending to ancient Roman comedies: Suetonius claimed in The Twelve Caesars that these were the last words of Augustus; Sibelius applied them to the third movement of his String Quartet No. 2, so that his audience would recognize that it was the last one, because a fourth would be ordinarily expected. |
| acta non verba | Deeds not Words | Motto of the United States Merchant Marine Academy. |
| acta sanctorum | Deeds of the Saints | Also used in the singular preceding a saint’s name: Acta Sancti («Deeds of Saint») N.; a common title of hagiography works |
| actiones secundum fidei | action follows belief | i.e., «we act according to what we believe (ourselves to be).»[3] |
| actore non probante reus absolvitur | A defendant is exonerated by the failure of the prosecution to prove its case[4] | presumption of innocence |
| actus me invito factus non est meus actus | the act done by me against my will is not my act | |
| actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea | The act does not make [a person] guilty unless the mind should be guilty. | Legal principle of the presumption of mens rea in a crime |
| actus reus | guilty act | The actual crime that is committed, as opposed to the intent, thinking, and rationalizing that procured the criminal act; the external elements of a crime, rather than the internal elements (i.e. mens rea). |
| ad absurdum | to absurdity | In logic, to the point of being silly or nonsensical. See also reductio ad absurdum. Not to be confused with ab absurdo («from the absurd»). |
| ad abundantiam | to abundance | Used in legal language when providing additional evidence to an already sufficient collection. Also used commonly as an equivalent of «as if this wasn’t enough.» |
| ad acta | to the archives | Denoting the irrelevance of a thing |
| ad altiora tendo | I strive towards higher things | |
| ad arbitrium | at will, at pleasure | |
| ad astra | to the stars | A common name or motto, in whole or part, among many publications |
| ad astra per aspera | to the stars through difficulties | i.e., «a rough road leads to the stars,» as on the Launch Complex 34 memorial plaque for the astronauts of Apollo 1. Used as a motto by the State of Kansas and other organisations |
| ad augusta per angusta | through difficulties to honours | i.e., to rise to a high position overcoming hardships. |
| ad captandum vulgus | to captivate the mob | i.e., to appeal to the masses. Often said of or used by politicians. Likewise, an argumentum ad captandum is an argument designed to please the crowd. |
| ad clerum | to the clergy | Formal letter or communication in the Christian tradition from a bishop to his clergy. An ad clerum may be an encouragement in a time of celebration or a technical explanation of new regulations or canons. |
| ad coelum or a caelo usque ad centrum |
from the sky to the center | i.e., «from Heaven all the way to the center of the Earth.» In law, it may refer to the proprietary principle of cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos («whosesoever is the soil, it is his up to the sky and down to the depths [of the Earth]»). |
| ad eundem | to the same | An ad eundem degree (derived from ad eundem gradum, «to the same step or degree») is a courtesy degree awarded by a university or college to an alumnus of another. Rather than an honorary degree, it is a recognition of the formal learning for which the degree was earned at another college. |
| ad fontes | to the sources | Motto of Renaissance humanism and the Protestant Reformation |
| ad fundum | to the bottom | i.e., «bottoms up!» (during a generic toast) or «back to the basics,» depending on context. |
| ad hoc | to this | i.e., «for this,» in the sense of improvised or intended only for a specific, immediate purpose. |
| ad hominem | to/at the man | Provides the term argumentum ad hominem, a logical fallacy in which a person themselves is criticized, when the subject of debate is their idea or argument, on the mistaken assumption that the soundness of an argument is dependent on the qualities of the proponent. |
| ad honorem | to/for the honour | i.e., not for the purpose of gaining any material reward |
| ad infinitum | to infinity | i.e., enduring forever. Used to designate a property which repeats in all cases in mathematical proof. Also used in philosophical contexts to mean «repeating in all cases.» |
| ad interim (ad int.) | for the meantime | As in the term «chargé d’affaires ad interim,» denoting a diplomatic officer who acts in place of an ambassador.[5] |
| ad kalendas graecas | at the Greek Calends | i.e., «when pigs fly.» Attributed by Suetonius in The Twelve Caesars to Augustus. The Calends were specific days of the Roman calendar, not of the Greek, and so the «Greek Kalends» would never occur. |
| ad libitum (ad lib) | toward pleasure | i.e, «according to what pleases» or «as you wish.» In music and theatrical scripts, it typically indicates that the performer has the liberty to change or omit something. Ad lib is often, specifically used when one improvises or ignores limitations. Also used by some restaurants in favor of the colloquial «all you can eat or drink.» Libitum comes from the past participle of libere («to please»). |
| ad limina apostolorum | to the thresholds of the Apostles | i.e., to Rome. Refers specifically to the quinquennial visit ad limina, a formal trip by Roman Catholic bishops to visit the Pope every five years. |
| ad litem | to the lawsuit | Legal phrase referring to a party appointed by a court to act in a lawsuit on behalf of another party who is deemed incapable of representing himself or herself, such as a child. An individual who acts in this capacity is called a guardian ad litem. |
| ad locum (ad loc.) | at the place | Used to suggest looking for information about a term in the corresponding place in a cited work of reference. |
| ad lucem | to the light | frequently used motto for educational institutions |
| ad maiorem Dei gloriam (AMDG) | For the greater glory of God | motto of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) |
| ad meliora | towards better things | Motto of St Patrick’s College, Cavan, Ireland |
| ad mortem | to/at death | Medical phrase serving as a synonym for death |
| ad multos annos | to many years | Wish for a long life; similar to «many happy returns.» |
| ad nauseam | to sickness | i.e., «to the point of disgust.» Sometimes used as a humorous alternative to ad infinitum. An argumentum ad nauseam is a logical fallacy in which erroneous proof is proffered by prolonged repetition of the argument, i. e., the argument is repeated so many times that persons are «sick of it». |
| ad oculos | to the eyes | i.e., «obvious on sight» or «obvious to anyone that sees it» |
| ad pedem litterae | to the foot of the letter | i.e., «exactly as it is written,» «to the letter,» or «to the very last detail» |
| ad perpetuam memoriam | to the perpetual memory | Generally precedes «of» and a person’s name, used to wish for someone to be remembered long after death |
| ad pondus omnium (ad pond om) | to the weight of all things | i.e., «considering everything’s weight». The abbreviation was historically used by physicians and others to signify that the last prescribed ingredient is to weigh as much as all of the previously mentioned ones. |
| ad quod damnum | to whatever damage | i.e., «according to the harm» or «in proportion to the harm». The phrase is used in tort law as a measure of damages inflicted, implying that a remedy (if one exists) ought to correspond specifically and only to the damage suffered. cf. damnum absque iniuria. |
| ad referendum (ad ref) |
to reference | i.e., subject to be proposed, provisionally approved, but still needing official approval. Not the same as a referendum. |
| ad rem | to the matter | i.e., «to the point» or «without digression» |
| adsumus | here we are | Motto of the Brazilian Marine Corps. A prayer Adsumus, Sancte Spiritus (We stand before You, Holy Spirit) is typically said at the start of every session of an Ecumenical Council or Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church.[6] |
| ad susceptum perficiendum | in order to achieve what has been undertaken | Motto of the Association of Trust Schools |
| ad terminum qui praeteriit | for the term which has passed | Legal phrase for a writ of entry[7] |
| ad undas | to the waves | i.e., «to Hell» |
| ad unum | to one | |
| ad usum Delphini | for the use of the Dauphin | Said of a work that has been expurgated of offensive or improper parts. Originates from editions of Greek and Roman classics which King Louis XIV of France had censored for his heir apparent, the Dauphin. Also rarely in usum Delphini («into the use of the Dauphin«). |
| ad usum proprium (ad us. propr.) | for one’s own use | |
| ad utrumque paratus | prepared for either [alternative] | Motto of Lund University, with the implied alternatives being the book (study) and the sword (defending the nation in war), of the United States Marine Corps’ III Marine Expeditionary Force and of the Spanish Submarine Force |
| ad valorem | according to value | Used in commerce to refer to ad valorem taxes, i.e., taxes based on the assessed value of real estate or personal property |
| ad victoriam | to/for victory | Used as a battle cry by the Romans. |
| ad vitam aeternam | to eternal life | i.e., «to life everlasting.» A common Biblical phrase |
| ad vitam aut culpam | for life or until fault | Used in reference to the ending of a political term upon the death or downfall of the officer (demise as in their commission of a sufficiently grave immorality and/or legal crime). |
| addendum | thing to be added | i.e., an item to be added, especially as a supplement to a book. The plural is addenda. |
| adaequatio rei et intellectus | correspondence of mind and reality | One of the classic definitions of «truth:» when the mind has the same form as reality, we think truth. Also rendered as adaequatio intellectus et rei. |
| adaequatio intellectus nostri cum re | conformity of intellect to the fact | Phrase used in epistemology regarding the nature of understanding. |
| adsum | I am here | i.e., «present!» or «here!» The opposite of absum («I am absent»). |
| adversus solem ne loquitor | do not speak against the Sun | i.e., «do not argue what is obviously/manifestly incorrect.» |
| advocatus diaboli | Devil’s advocate | Someone who, in the face of a specific argument, voices an argument that he does not necessarily accept, for the sake of argument and discovering the truth by testing the opponent’s argument. cf. arguendo. |
| aegri somnia | a sick man’s dreams | i.e., «troubled dreams.» From Horace, Ars Poetica VII 7. |
| aes alienum | foreign debt | i.e., «someone else’s money» |
| aetatis suae (aetatis, aetat. or aet.) | of his age or at the age of | The word aetatis means «aged» or «of age» (e.g. «aetatis 36» denotes being «of age 36» or «aged 36 years old.») Appears on portraits, gravestones, monuments, etc. Usually preceded by anno (AAS), «in the year # [of his age/life].» Frequently combined with Anno Domini, giving a date as both the age of Jesus Christ and the age of the decedent. Example: «Obiit anno Domini MDCXXXVIo (tricensimo sexto), [anno] aetatis suae XXVo (vicensimo quinto)» («he died in the 1636th year of the Lord, [being] the 25th [year] of his age[/life]»). |
| affidavit | he asserted | Legal term derived from fides («faith»), originating at least from Medieval Latin to denote a statement under oath. |
| age quod agis | do what you do | i.e., «do what you are doing» or «do well whatever you do.» Figuratively, it means «keep going, because you are inspired or dedicated to do so.» This is the motto of several Roman Catholic schools, and was also used by Pope John XXIII in the sense of «do not be concerned with any other matter than the task in hand;» he was allaying worry of what would become of him in the future: his sense of age quod agis was «joy» regarding what is presently occurring and «detachment» from concern of the future.[8] |
| agere sequitur (esse) | action follows being | Metaphysical and moral principle that indicates the connection of ontology, obligation, and ethics.[3] |
| Agnus Dei | Lamb of God | Refers both to the innocence of a lamb and to Christ being a sacrificial lamb after the Jewish religious practice. It is the Latin translation from John 1:36, when St. John the Baptist exclaimes «Ecce Agnus Dei!» («Behold the Lamb of God!») upon seeing Jesus Christ. |
| alea iacta est | the die has been cast | Said by Julius Caesar (Greek: ἀνερρίφθω κύβος, anerrhíphthō kýbos) upon crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC, according to Suetonius. The original meaning was similar to «the game is afoot,» but its modern meaning, like that of the phrase «crossing the Rubicon,» denotes passing the point of no return on a momentous decision and entering into a risky endeavor where the outcome is left to chance. |
| alenda lux ubi orta libertas | Let light be nourished where liberty has arisen | «Light» meaning learning. Motto of Davidson College. |
| alias | at another time, otherwise | An assumed name or pseudonym; similar to alter ego, but more specifically referring to a name, not to a «second self.» |
| alibi | elsewhere | Legal defense where a defendant attempts to show that he was elsewhere at the time a crime was committed (e.g. «his alibi is sound; he gave evidence that he was in another city on the night of the murder.») |
| aliquid stat pro aliquo | something stands for something else | Foundational definition in semiotics. |
| alis aquilae | on an eagle’s wings | From Isaiah 40: «But those who wait for the Lord shall find their strength renewed, they shall mount up on wings like eagles, they shall run and not grow weary, they shall walk and not grow faint.» |
| alis grave nil | nothing [is] heavy with wings | i.e., «nothing is heavy to those who have wings»; motto of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| alis volat propriis | she flies with her own wings | Motto of the State of Oregon, adopted in 1987, replacing the previous state motto of «The Union,» which was adopted in 1957. |
| alma mater | nourishing mother | Term used for the university one attends or has attended. Another university term, matriculation, is also derived from mater. The term suggests that the students are «fed» knowledge and taken care of by the university. It is also used for a university’s traditional school anthem. |
| alter ego | another I | i.e., another self, a second persona or alias. Can be used to describe different facets or identities of a single character, or different characters who seem representations of the same personality. Often used of a fictional character’s secret identity. |
| alterius non sit qui suus esse potest | let no man be another’s who can be his own | Usually attributed to Cicero, the phrase is the final sentence in Aesop’s ascribed fable «The Frogs Who Desired a King» as appears in the collection commonly known as the «Anonymus Neveleti,» in Fable 21B: De ranis a Iove querentibus regem. Used as a motto by Paracelsus. |
| alterum non laedere | to not wound another | One of the three basic legal precepts in the Digest of Justinian I. |
| alumnus, or, alumna | pupil | Graduate or former student of a school, college, or university. Plural of alumnus is alumni (male). Plural of alumna is alumnae (female). |
| a mari usque ad mare | from sea to sea | From Psalm 72:8, «Et dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad terminos terrae» (KJV: «He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth»). National motto of Canada. |
| amat victoria curam | victory favours care | Motto of several schools |
| amicus certus in re incerta | a sure friend in an unsure matter | From Ennius, as quoted by Cicero in Laelius de Amicitia, s. 64 |
| amicus curiae | friend of the court | i.e., an adviser, or a person who can obtain or grant access to the favour of a powerful group (e. g., the Roman Curia). In current U.S. legal usage, an amicus curiae is a third party who is allowed to submit a legal opinion in the form of an amicus brief to the court. |
| Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas. | Plato is my friend, but truth is a better friend. | An assertion that truth is more valuable than friendship. Attributed to Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 1096a15; and Roger Bacon, Opus Majus, Part 1, Chapter 5. |
| amicus usque ad aras | a friend as far as to the altars | «a friend as far as to the altars,» «a friend whose only higher allegiance is to religion,» a friend to the very end.» |
| amittere legem terrae | to lose the law of the land | An obsolete legal phrase signifying the forfeiture of the right of swearing in any court or cause, or to become infamous. |
| amor Dei intellectualis | intellectual love of God | From Baruch Spinoza |
| amor et melle et felle est fecundissimus | love is rich with both honey and venom | From Act One, Scene One of Plautus’ play Cistellaria. [9] |
| amor fati | love of fate | Nietzscheian alternative worldview to that represented through memento mori («remember you must die»): Nietzsche believed amor fati was more affirmative of life. |
| amor omnibus idem | love is the same for all | From Virgil, Georgics III |
| amor patriae | love of the fatherland | i.e., «love of the nation;» patriotism |
| amor vincit omnia | love conquers all | Originally from Virgil, Eclogues X, 69: omnia vincit amor: et nos cedamus amori («love conquers all: let us too surrender to love»). The phrase is inscribed on a bracelet worn by the Prioress in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. |
| An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia mundus regatur? | Do you not know, my son, with how little wisdom the world is governed? | Written by Axel Oxenstierna in a letter to encourage his son, a delegate to the negotiations that would lead to the Peace of Westphalia, who worried about his ability to hold his own amidst experienced and eminent statesmen and diplomats. |
| anglice | in English | Used before the anglicized version of a word or name. For example, «Terra Mariae, anglice, Maryland». |
| animus in consulendo liber | a mind unfettered in deliberation | Motto of NATO |
| anno (an.) | in the year | Also used in such phrases as anno urbis conditae (see ab urbe condita), Anno Domini, and anno regni. |
| anno Domini (A.D.) | in the year of our Lord | Abbreviation of Anno Domini Nostri Jesu Christi («in the year of Our Lord Jesus Christ»), the predominantly-used system for dating years across the world; used with the Gregorian Calendar and based on the perceived year of the birth of Jesus Christ. The years before His birth were formerly signified by a. C. n (ante Christum natum, «before Christ was born»), but now use the English abbreviation «BC» («before Christ»). For example, Augustus was born in the year 63 BC and died in AD 14. |
| anno regni | In the year of the reign | Precedes «of» and the current ruler |
| annuit cœptis | he nods at things now begun | i.e., «he approves our undertakings.» Motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States and, consequently, on the reverse of the United States one-dollar bill; in this context the motto refers to God. |
| annus horribilis | horrible year | Variation on annus mirabilis, recorded in print from 1890.[10] Notably used in a speech by Queen Elizabeth II to describe what a bad year 1992 had been for her. In Classical Latin, this phrase actually means «terrifying year». See also annus terribilis. |
| annus mirabilis | wonderful year | Used particularly to refer to the years 1665 and 1666, during which Isaac Newton made revolutionary inventions and discoveries in calculus, motion, optics and gravitation. Annus Mirabilis is also the title of a poem by John Dryden written in the same year. It has since been used to refer to other years, especially to 1905, when Albert Einstein made equally revolutionary discoveries concerning the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, mass-energy equivalence, and the special theory of relativity. (See Annus Mirabilis papers) |
| annus terribilis | dreadful year | Used to describe 1348, the year the Black Death began to afflict Europe. |
| ante bellum | before the war | As in status quo ante bellum («as it was before the war»); commonly used as antebellum to refer to the period preceding the American Civil War, primarily in reference to the Southern United States at that time. |
| ante cibum (a.c.) | before food | Medical shorthand for «before meals» |
| ante faciem Domini | before the face of the Lord | Motto of the Christian Brothers College, Adelaide |
| ante litteram | before the letter | Said of an expression or term that describes something which existed before the phrase itself was introduced or became common. Example: Alan Turing was a computer scientist ante litteram, since the field of «computer science» was not yet recognized in Turing’s day. |
| ante meridiem (a.m.) | before midday | From midnight to noon; confer post meridiem |
| ante mortem | before death | See post mortem («after death») |
| ante omnia armari | before all else, be armed | |
| ante prandium (a.p.) | before lunch | Used on pharmaceutical prescriptions to denote «before a meal». Less common is post prandium («after lunch»). |
| antiqui colant antiquum dierum | let the ancients worship the ancient of days | The motto of Chester |
| aperire terram gentibus | open the land to nations | Motto of Ferdinand de Lesseps referring to the Suez and Panama Canals. Also appears on a plaque at Kinshasa train station. |
| apparatus criticus | tools of a critic | Textual notes or a list of other readings relating to a document, especially in a scholarly edition of a text. |
| apologia pro vita sua | defense of one’s life[11] | |
| apud | in the writings of | Used in scholarly works to cite a reference at second hand |
| aqua (aq.) | water | |
| aqua fortis | strong water | Refers to nitric acid, thus called because of its ability to dissolve all materials except gold and platinum |
| aqua pura | pure water | Or, «clear water» or «clean water» |
| aqua regia | royal water | Refers to a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, thus called because of its ability to dissolve gold and platinum |
| aqua vitae | water of life | «Spirit of Wine» in many English texts. Used to refer to various native distilled beverages, such as whisky (uisge beatha) in Scotland and Ireland, gin in the Netherlands, brandy (eau de vie) in France, and akvavit in Scandinavia. |
| aquila non capit muscas | an eagle does not catch flies | Or, «a noble or important person does not deal with insignificant matters» |
| arare litus | to plough the seashore | Desiderius Erasmus, Adagia (AD 1508); meaning «wasted labor» |
| arbiter elegantiarum | judge of tastes | One who prescribes, rules on, or is a recognized authority on matters of social behavior and taste. Said of Petronius. Sometimes found in the singular as arbiter elegantiae («judge of taste»). |
| arcana imperii | the secrets of power | Originally used by Tacitus to refer to the state secrets and unaccountable acts of the Roman imperial government |
| arcanum boni tenoris animae | The secret behind a good mood | Motto of the Starobrno Brewery in Brno |
| arcus senilis | bow of an old person | An opaque circle around the cornea of the eye, often seen in elderly people. When it is found in patients less than 50 years old it is termed arcus juvenilis |
| arduus ad solem | Striving towards the Sun | Motto of Victoria University of Manchester |
| argentum album | white silver | Also «silver coin»; mentioned in the Domesday Book; signifies bullion or silver uncoined |
| arguendo | for arguing | Or, «for the sake of argument». Said when something is done purely in order to discuss a matter or illustrate a point. E. g., «let us assume, arguendo, that your claim is correct.» |
| argumentum | argument | Or «reasoning», «inference», «appeal», or «proof». The plural is argumenta. Commonly used in the names of logical arguments and fallacies, preceding phrases such as a silentio (by silence), ad antiquitatem (to antiquity), ad baculum (to the stick), ad captandum (to capturing), ad consequentiam (to the consequence), ad crumenam (to the purse), ad feminam (to the woman), ad hominem (to the person), ad ignorantiam (to ignorance), ad invidiam (to envy/jealousy/odium/hatred/reproach – appealing to low passions), ad judicium (to judgment), ad lazarum (to poverty), ad logicam (to logic), ad metum (to fear), ad misericordiam (to pity), ad nauseam (to nausea), ad novitatem (to novelty), ad personam (to the character), ad numerum (to the number), ad odium (to spite), ad populum (to the people), ad temperantiam (to moderation), ad verecundiam (to reverence), ex silentio (from silence), in terrorem (into terror), and e contrario (from/to the opposite). |
| arma christi | weapons of Christ | also known as Instruments of the Passion are the objects associated with the Passion of Jesus Christ in Christian symbolism and art. They are seen as arms in the sense of heraldry, and also as the weapons Christ used to achieve his conquest over Satan.[12] |
| armata potentia | armed and powerful | charge made by a Justice of the Peace in Medieval England against those who rode in arms against the King’s Peace. |
| ars celare artem | art [is] to conceal art | An aesthetic ideal that good art should appear natural rather than contrived. Of medieval origin, but often incorrectly attributed to Ovid.[13] |
| ars gratia artis | art for the sake of art | Translated into Latin from Baudelaire’s L’art pour l’art. Motto of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. While symmetrical for the logo of MGM, the better word order in Latin is «Ars artis gratia». |
| ars longa, vita brevis | art is long, life is short | Seneca, De Brevitate Vitae, 1.1, translating a phrase of Hippocrates that is often used out of context. The «art» referred to in the original aphorism was the craft of medicine, which took a lifetime to acquire. |
| arte et labore | by art and by labour | Motto of Blackburn Rovers F.C. |
| arte et marte | by skill and by fighting | Motto of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers of the British Army and Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (EME) Branch of the Canadian Forces |
| Artis Bohemiae Amicis | Friends of Czech Arts | Award of the Minister of Culture of the Czech Republic for the promotion of the positive reputation of Czech culture abroad |
| asinus ad lyram | an ass to the lyre | Desiderius Erasmus, Adagia (AD 1508); meaning «an awkward or incompetent individual» |
| asinus asinum fricat | the jackass rubs the jackass | Used to describe 2 persons who are lavishing excessive praise on one another |
| assecuratus non quaerit lucrum sed agit ne in damno sit | the assured does not seek profit but makes [it his profit] that he not be in loss | Refers to the insurance principle that the indemnity can not be larger than the loss |
| astra inclinant, sed non obligant | the stars incline us, they do not bind us | Refers to the distinction of free will from astrological determinism |
| auctores varii | various authors | Used in bibliography for books, texts, publications, or articles that have more than 3 collaborators |
| auctoritas | authority | Level of prestige a person had in Roman society |
| auctoritas non veritas facit legem | authority, not truth, makes law | This formula appears in the 1668 Latin revised edition of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, book 2, chapter 26, p. 133. |
| audacia pro muro et scuto opus | boldness is our wall, action is our shield | Cornelis Jol,[14] in a bid to rally his rebellious captains to fight and conquer the Spanish treasure fleet in 1638. |
| audacter calumniare, semper aliquid haeret | slander boldly, something always sticks | Francis Bacon, De Augmentis Scientiarum (AD 1623) |
| audax at fidelis | bold but faithful | Motto of Queensland, Australia |
| audeamus | let us dare | Motto of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment [CSOR] on their regimental coat of arms; of Otago University Students’ Association, a direct response to the university’s motto of sapere aude («dare to be wise»); and of Champlain College in Burlington, Vermont. |
| audemus jura nostra defendere | we dare to defend our rights | Motto of the State of Alabama, adopted in 1923; translated into Latin from a paraphrase of the stanza «Men who their duties know / But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain» from William Jones, «What Constitutes a State?» |
| audentes fortuna iuvat | Fortune favors the bold | From Virgil, Aeneid, Book 10, 284, where the first word is in an archaic form, audentis fortuna iuvat. Allegedly the last words of Pliny the Elder before he left the docks at Pompeii to rescue people from the eruption of Vesuvius in 79. Often quoted as audaces fortuna iuvat. Also the motto of the Portuguese Army Commandos and the USS Montpelier in the latter form. |
| audere est facere | to dare is to do | Motto of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. |
| audi alteram partem | hear the other side | Legal principle; also worded as audiatur et altera pars («let the other side be heard also») |
| audio hostem | I hear the enemy | Motto of the 845 NAS Royal Navy |
| audi, vide, tace | hear, see, be silent | |
| aurea mediocritas | golden mean | From Horace’s Odes, 2, 10. Refers to the ethical goal of reaching a virtuous middle ground between two sinful extremes. The golden mean concept is common to many philosophers, chiefly Aristotle. |
| auri sacra fames | accursed hunger for gold | From Virgil, Aeneid, Book 3, 57. Later quoted by Seneca as quod non mortalia pectora coges, auri sacra fames («what do not you force mortal hearts [to do], accursed hunger for gold»). |
| auribus teneo lupum | I hold a wolf by the ears | Common ancient proverb, this version from Terence. It indicates that one is in a dangerous situation where both holding on and letting go could be deadly. A modern version is «to have a tiger by the tail». |
| aurora australis | southern dawn | The Southern Lights, an aurora that appears in the Southern Hemisphere. It is less well-known than the Northern Lights (aurorea borealis). The Aurora Australis is also the name of an Antarctic icebreaker ship. |
| aurora borealis | northern dawn | The Northern Lights, an aurora that appears in the Northern Hemisphere. |
| aurora musis amica | dawn is a friend to the muses | Title of a distich by Iohannes Christenius (1599–1672): «Conveniens studiis non est nox, commoda lux est; / Luce labor bonus est et bona nocte quies.» («Night is not suitable for studying, daylight is; / working by light is good, as is rest at night.»); in Nihus, Barthold (1642). Epigrammata disticha. Johannes Kinckius. |
| aurum potestas est | gold is power | Motto of the fictional Fowl Family in the Artemis Fowl series, written by Eoin Colfer |
| auspicium melioris aevi | hope/token of a better age | Motto of the Order of St Michael and St George and of Raffles Institution in Singapore |
| aut Caesar aut nihil | either Caesar or nothing | Denotes an absolute aspiration to become the Emperor, or the equivalent supreme magistrate, and nothing else. More generally, «all or nothing». A personal motto of Cesare Borgia. Charlie Chaplin also used the phrase in The Great Dictator to ridicule Hynkel’s (Chaplin’s parody of Hitler) ambition for power, but substituted «nullus» for «nihil». |
| aut consilio aut ense | either by meeting or the sword | I. e., either through reasoned discussion or through war. It was the first motto of Chile (see coat of arms), changed to Spanish: Por la razón o la fuerza. Name of episode 1 in season 3 of Berlin Station. |
| aut cum scuto aut in scuto | either with shield or on shield | Or, «do or die» or «no retreat». A Greek expression («Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς») that Spartan mothers said to their sons as they departed for battle. It refers to the practices that a Greek hoplite would drop his cumbersome shield in order to flee the battlefield, and a slain warrior would be borne home atop his shield. |
| aut imiteris aut oderis | imitate or loathe it | Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, 7:7. From the full phrase: «necesse est aut imiteris aut oderis» («you must either imitate or loathe the world»). |
| aut neca aut necare | either kill or be killed | Also: «neca ne neceris» («kill lest you be killed») |
| aut pax aut bellum | either peace or war | Motto of the Gunn Clan |
| aut simul stabunt aut simul cadent | they will either stand together or fall together | Said of two situations that can only occur simultaneously: if one ends, so does the other, and vice versa.[15] |
| aut viam inveniam aut faciam | I will either find a way or make one | Hannibal |
| aut vincere aut mori | either to conquer or to die | General pledge of victoria aut mors («victory or death»). Motto of the Higgenbotham and Higginbottom families of Cheshire, England; participants in the War of the Roses. Also the motto for the United States 1st Fighter Wing, Langley Air Force Base in Virginia. |
| ave atque vale | hail and farewell | Catullus, Carmen 101, addressed to his deceased brother |
| ave Europa nostra vera patria | hail Europe, our true fatherland | Anthem of Imperium Europa |
| Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant | Hail, Emperor! Those who are about to die salute you! | From Suetonius’ The Twelve Caesars, Claudius 21. A salute and plea for mercy recorded on one occasion by naumachiarii–captives and criminals fated to die fighting during mock naval encounters. Later versions included a variant of «We who are about to die», and this translation is sometimes aided by changing the Latin to nos morituri te salutamus. |
| Ave Maria | Hail, Mary | Roman Catholic prayer of intercession asking St. Mary, the Mother of Jesus Christ to pray for the petitioner |
| ave mater Angliae | Hail, Mother of England | Motto of Canterbury, England |
B[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| barba crescit caput nescit | beard grows, head doesn’t grow wiser | |
| barba non facit philosophum | a beard doesn’t make one a philosopher | Wise only in appearance. From Aulus Gellius’ Attic Nights[16] |
| barba tenus sapientes | wise as far as the beard | Wise only in appearance. From Erasmus’s collection of Adages. |
| Beata Virgo Maria (BVM) | Blessed Virgin Mary | A common name in the Roman Catholic Church for Mary, the mother of Jesus. The genitive, Beatae Mariae Virginis (BMV), occurs often as well, appearing with such words as horae (hours), litaniae (litanies) and officium (office). |
| beatae memoriae | of blessed memory | See in memoriam |
| beati pauperes spiritu | blessed in spirit [are] the poor. | A Beatitude from Matthew 5:3 in the Vulgate: beati pauperes spiritu, quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum «Blessed in spirit [are] the poor, for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens». |
| beati possidentes | blessed [are] those who possess | Translated from Euripides |
| beati qui ambulant lege domini | blessed are they who walk in the law of the Lord | Inscription above the entrance to St. Andrew’s Church (New York City), based on the second half of Psalm 119:1 |
| beati quorum via integra est | blessed are they whose way is upright | first half of Psalm 119:1, base of several musical setting such as Beati quorum via (Stanford) |
| beatus homo qui invenit sapientiam | blessed is the man who finds wisdom | From Proverbs 3:13; set to music in a 1577 motet of the same name by Orlando di Lasso. |
| Bella, mulier qui hominum allicit et accipit eos per fortis | war, a woman who lures men and takes them by force | Latin proverb[citation needed] |
| bella gerant alii Protesilaus amet! |
let others wage war Protesilaus should love! |
Originally from Ovid, Heroides 13.84,[17] where Laodamia is writing to her husband Protesilaus who is at the Trojan War. She begs him to stay out of danger, but he was in fact the first Greek to die at Troy. Also used of the Habsburg marriages of 1477 and 1496, written as bella gerant alii, tu felix Austria nube (let others wage war; you, happy Austria, marry). Said by King Matthias. |
| bella detesta matribus | war hateful to mothers | From Horace |
| bello et jure senesco | I grow old through war and law | Motto of the House of d’Udekem d’Acoz [nl] |
| bellum omnium contra omnes | war of all against all | A phrase used by Thomas Hobbes to describe the state of nature |
| bellum Romanum | war as the Romans did it | All-out war without restraint as Romans practiced against groups they considered to be barbarians |
| bellum se ipsum alet | war feeds itself | |
| Biblia pauperum | Paupers’ Bible | Tradition of biblical pictures displaying the essential facts of Christian salvation |
| bibo ergo sum | I drink, therefore I am | A play on «cogito ergo sum», «I think therefore I am» |
| bis dat qui cito dat | he gives twice, who gives promptly | A gift given without hesitation is as good as two gifts. |
| bis in die (bid) | twice in a day | Medical shorthand for «twice a day» |
| bona fide | in good faith | In other words, «well-intentioned», «fairly». In modern contexts, often has connotations of «genuinely» or «sincerely». Bona fides is not the plural (which would be bonis fidebus), but the nominative, and means simply «good faith». Opposite of mala fide. |
| bona notabilia | note-worthy goods | In law, if a person dying has goods, or good debts, in another diocese or jurisdiction within that province, besides his goods in the diocese where he dies, amounting to a certain minimum value, he is said to have bona notabilia; in which case, the probat of his will belongs to the archbishop of that province. |
| bona officia | good services | A nation’s offer to mediate in disputes between two other nations |
| bona patria | goods of a country | A jury or assize of countrymen, or good neighbors |
| bona vacantia | vacant goods | United Kingdom legal term for ownerless property that passes to The Crown |
| boni pastoris est tondere pecus non deglubere | it is a good shepherd’s [job] to shear his flock, not to flay them | Tiberius reportedly said this to his regional commanders, as a warning against taxing the populace excessively. |
| bono malum superate | overcome evil with good | Motto of Westonbirt School |
| bonum commune communitatis | common good of the community | Or «general welfare». Refers to what benefits a society, as opposed to bonum commune hominis, which refers to what is good for an individual. In the film Hot Fuzz, this phrase is chanted by an assembled group of people, in which context it is deliberately similar to another phrase that is repeated throughout the film, which is The Greater Good. |
| bonum commune hominis | common good of a man | Refers to an individual’s happiness, which is not «common» in that it serves everyone, but in that individuals tend to be able to find happiness in similar things. |
| boreas domus, mare amicus | the North is our home, the sea is our friend | Motto of Orkney |
| brutum fulmen | harmless (or inert) thunderbolt | Used to indicate either an empty threat, or a judgement at law which has no practical effect |
| busillis [it] | baffling puzzle, thorny problem | John of Cornwall (ca. 1170) was once asked by a scribe what the word meant. It turns out that the original text said in diebus illis [in those days], which the scribe misread as in die busillis [at the day of Busillis], believing this was a famous man. This mondegreen has since entered the literature; it occurs in Alessandro Manzoni’s novel The Betrothed (1827), in Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov (1880), and in Andrea Camilleri’s Inspector Montalbano series. |
C[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cacatum non est pictum | That what’s shat, is not painted. | From Gottfried August Bürger’s Prinzessin Europa (line 60); popularised by Heinrich Heine’s Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen (XI, 44); also the title of Joseph Haydn’s canon for four voices, Hob. XXVIIb:16; Ludwig van Beethoven set the text by Bürger as a three-voice canon, WoO 224. Contemporary critics applied this epithet to both of Turner’s Regulus (1828 and 1837).[18] | |||
| cacoethes scribendi | insatiable desire to write | Cacoēthes[19] «bad habit», or medically, «malignant disease» is a borrowing of Greek kakoēthes.[20] The phrase is derived from a line in the Satires of Juvenal: Tenet insanabile multos scribendi cacoethes, or «the incurable desire (or itch) for writing affects many». See hypergraphia. | |||
| cadavera vero innumera | truly countless bodies | Used by the Romans to describe the aftermath of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. | |||
| Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius. | Kill them all. For the Lord knows those who are his. | Supposed statement by Abbot Arnaud Amalric before the Massacre at Béziers during the Albigensian Crusade, recorded 30 years later, according to Caesarius of Heisterbach. cf. «Kill them all and let God sort them out.» | |||
| Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt | Those who hurry across the sea change the sky [upon them], not their souls or state of mind | Hexameter by Horace (Epistula XI).[21] Seneca shortens it to Animum debes mutare, non caelum (You must change [your] disposition, not [your] sky) in his Letter to Lucilius XXVIII, 1. | |||
| Caesar non supra grammaticos | Caesar has no authority over the grammarians | Political power is limited; it does not include power over grammar.[22] | |||
| caetera desunt | the rest is missing | Caetera is Medieval Latin spelling for cētera. | |||
| calix meus inebrians | my cup making me drunk | ||||
| calamus gladio fortior | The pen is mightier than the sword | ||||
| camera obscura | dark chamber | An optical device used in drawing, and an ancestor of modern photography. The source of the word camera. | |||
| Cane Nero magna bella Persica | Tell, oh Nero, of the great wars of Persia | Perfectly correct Latin sentence usually reported as funny from modern Italians because the same exact words, in today’s dialect of Rome, mean «A black dog eats a beautiful peach», which has a ridiculously different meaning. | |||
| canes pugnaces | war dogs or fighting dogs | ||||
| canis canem edit | dog eats dog | Refers to a situation where nobody is safe from anybody, each man for himself. Original name of the video game Bully. | |||
| capax Dei | capable of receiving God | From Augustine, De Trinitate XIV, 8.11: Mens eo ipso imago Dei est quo eius capax est,[23] «The mind is the image of God, in that it is capable of Him and can be partaker of Him.» | |||
| capax imperii nisi imperasset | capable of imperial power if only he had not held it | In Tacitus’s Histories to describe Galba as emperor.[24] | |||
| capax infiniti | holding the infinite | Capability of achieving goals by force of many instead of a single individual. | |||
| caput inter nubila (condit) | (she plunges) [her] head in the clouds | So aggrandized as to be beyond practical (earthly) reach or understanding (from Virgil’s Aeneid and the shorter form appears in John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government) | |||
| caput mortuum | dead head | Originally an alchemical reference to the dead head or worthless residue left over from a reaction. Also used to refer to a freeloader or worthless element. | |||
| Caritas Christi | The love of Christ | It implies a command to love as Christ loved. Motto of St. Francis Xavier High School located in West Meadowlark Park, Edmonton. | |||
| Caritas Christi urget nos | The love of Christ impels us or The love of Christ drives us | The motto of the Sisters of Charity[25] | |||
| Caritas in veritate | Charity in truth | Pope Benedict XVI’s third encyclical[26]s Christi urget nos. | |||
| carpe diem | seize the day | An exhortation to live for today. From Horace, Odes I, 11.8. Carpere refers to plucking of flowers or fruit. The phrase collige virgo rosas has a similar sense. | |||
| carpe noctem | seize the night | An exhortation to make good use of the night, often used when carpe diem, q.v., would seem absurd, e.g., when observing a deep-sky object or conducting a Messier marathon or engaging in social activities after sunset. | |||
| carpe vinum | seize the wine | ||||
| Carthago delenda est | Carthage must be destroyed | The Roman senator Cato the Elder ended every speech after the Second Punic War with ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, literally «For the rest, I am of the opinion that Carthage is to be destroyed.» | |||
| castigat ridendo mores | One corrects customs by laughing at them | Or, «[Comedy/Satire] criticises customs through humour», is a phrase coined by French New Latin poet Jean-Baptiste de Santeul (1630–1697), but sometimes wrongly attributed to his contemporary Molière or to Roman lyric poet Horace. | |||
| Casum sentit dominus | accident is felt by the owner | Refers to the private law principle that the owner has to assume the risk of accidental harm to him or accidental loss to his property. | |||
| casus belli | event of war | Refers to an incident that is the justification or case for war. | |||
| causa latet, vis est notissima | The cause is hidden, but the result is well known. | Ovid: Metamorphoses IV, 287; motto of Alpha Sigma Phi. | |||
| causa mortis | cause of death | ||||
| cave | beware! | especially used by Doctors of Medicine, when they want to warn each other (e.g.: «cave nephrolithiases» in order to warn about side effects of an uricosuric). Spoken aloud in some British public (paid) schools by pupils to warn each other of impending authority. | |||
| cave canem | Beware of the dog | Earliest written example is in the Satyricon of Petronius, circa 1st century C.E. | |||
| caveat emptor | let the buyer beware | The purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need. Phrases modeled on this one replace emptor with lector, subscriptor, venditor, utilitor: «reader», «signer», «seller», «user». | |||
| caveat venditor | let the seller beware | It is a counter to caveat emptor and suggests that sellers can also be deceived in a market transaction. This forces the seller to take responsibility for the product and discourages sellers from selling products of unreasonable quality. | |||
| cedant arma togae | let arms yield to the gown | «Let military power yield to civilian power», Cicero, De Officiis I:77. Former motto of the Territory of Wyoming. See also Toga#Roman military. | |||
| cedere nescio | I know not how to yield | Motto of HMAS Norman | |||
| Celer – Silens – Mortalis | Swift – Silent – Deadly | The motto of the Force Reconnaissance companies of the United States Marine Corps, also known as Force Recon or FORECON. | |||
| celerius quam asparagi cocuntur | more swiftly than asparagus [stem]s are cooked | Or simply «faster than cooking asparagus». A variant of the Roman phrase velocius quam asparagi coquantur, using a different adverb and an alternative mood and spelling of coquere. | |||
| cepi corpus | I have taken the body | In law, it is a return made by the sheriff, upon a capias, or other process to the like purpose; signifying, that he has taken the body of the party. See also habeas corpus. | |||
| certiorari | to be made certain | From certiorari volumus, «we wish to be made certain.» A prerogative writ, by which a superior court orders an inferior one to turn over its record for review. Now used, depending on the jurisdiction, for an order granting leave to appeal a decision (e.g. to the Supreme Court of the United States) or judicial review of a lower court’s order. | |||
| certum est quod certum reddi potest | it is certain, whatever can be rendered certain | Or «… if it can be rendered certain.» Often used in law when something is not known, but can be ascertained (e.g. the purchase price on a sale which is to be determined by a third-party valuer) | |||
| cessante ratione legis cessat ipsa lex | when the reason for the law ceases, the law itself ceases | A rule of law becomes ineffective when the reason for its application has ceased to exist or does not correspond to the reality anymore. By Gratian. | |||
| cetera desunt | the rest are missing | Also spelled «caetera desunt». | |||
| ceteris paribus | all other things being equal | That is, disregarding or eliminating extraneous factors in a situation. | |||
| charta pardonationis se defendendo | a paper of pardon to defend oneself | The form of a pardon for killing another man in self-defence (see manslaughter). | |||
| charta pardonationis utlagariae | a paper of pardon to the outlaw | The form of a pardon of a man who is outlawed. Also called perdonatio utlagariae. | |||
| Christianos ad leones | [Throw the] Christians to the lions! | ||||
| Christo et Doctrinae | For Christ and Learning | The motto of Furman University. | |||
| Christus nos liberavit | Christ has freed us | title of volume I, book 5, chapter XI of Les Misérables by Victor Hugo. | |||
| Christus Rex | Christ the King | A Christian title for Jesus. | |||
| Cicero dicit fac hoc | Cicero says do it | Said by some to be the origin of the game command and title Simon Says.[27] | |||
| Cicero pro domo sua [it] | Cicero’s speech in 57 BC to regain his confiscated house | Said of someone who pleads cases for their own benefit; see List of Latin phrases (P) § pro domo | |||
| circa (c.) or (ca.) | around | In the sense of «approximately» or «about». Usually used of a date. | |||
| circulus in probando | circle made in testing [a premise] | Circular reasoning. Similar term to circulus vitiosus. | |||
| circulus vitiosus | vicious circle | In logic, begging the question, a fallacy involving the presupposition of a proposition in one of the premises (see petitio principii). In science, a positive feedback loop. In economics, a counterpart to the virtuous circle. | |||
| citius altius fortius | faster, higher, stronger | Motto of the modern Olympics. | |||
| civis romanus sum | I am (a) Roman citizen | Is a phrase used in Cicero’s In Verrem as a plea for the legal rights of a Roman citizen | |||
| clamea admittenda in itinere per atturnatum | a claim to be admitted to the eyre by an attorney | A writ whereby the king of England could command the justice of an eyre (a medieval form of circuit court) to permit an attorney to represent a person who is employed in the king’s service and therefore cannot come in person. | |||
| clarere audere gaudere | [be] bright, daring, joyful | Motto of the Geal family. | |||
| clausum fregit | A legal action for trespass to land; so called, because the writ demands the person summoned to answer wherefore he broke the close (quare clausum fregit), i.e., why he entered the plaintiff’s land. | ||||
| claves Sancti Petri | the keys of Saint Peter | A symbol of the Papacy. | |||
| clavis aurea | golden key | The means of discovering hidden or mysterious meanings in texts, particularly applied in theology and alchemy. | |||
| clerico admittendo | for being made a clerk | In law, a writ directed to the bishop, for the admitting a clerk to a benefice upon a ne admittas, tried, and found for the party who procures the writ. | |||
| clerico capto per statutum mercatorum | In law, a writ for the delivery of a clerk out of prison, who is imprisoned upon the breach of statute merchant. | ||||
| clerico convicto commisso gaolae in defectu ordinarii deliberando | In law, a writ for the delivery of a clerk to his ordinary, that was formerly convicted of felony; by reason that his ordinary did not challenge him according to the privilege of clerks. | ||||
| clerico intra sacros ordines constituto non eligendo in officium | In law, a writ directed to the bailiffs, etc., that have thrust a bailiwick or beadleship upon one in holy orders; charging them to release him. | ||||
| Codex Iuris Canonici | Book of Canon Law | The official code of canon law in the Roman Catholic Church (cf. Corpus Iuris Canonici). | |||
| Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur | «No one suffers punishment for mere intent.» | A Latin legal phrase. See, State v. Taylor, 47 Or. 455, 84 P. 82 (1906). | |||
| cogito, ergo sum | I think, therefore I am. | A rationalistic argument used by French philosopher René Descartes to attempt to prove his own existence. | |||
| coitus interruptus | interrupted congress | Aborting sexual intercourse prior to ejaculation—the only permitted form of birth control in some religions. | |||
| coitus more ferarum | congress in the way of beasts | A medical euphemism for the doggy-style sexual position. | |||
| collige virgo rosas | pick, girl, the roses |
|
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| combinatio nova | new combination | It is frequently abbreviated comb. nov.. It is used in the life sciences literature when a new name is introduced, e.g. Klebsiella granulomatis comb. nov.. | |||
| comedamus et bibamus, cras enim moriemur | let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die | Latin translation of no. 72 of John Chrysostom’s 88 Greek homilies on the Gospel of John,[29] citing Isaiah 22:13 | |||
| communibus annis | in common years | One year with another; on an average. «Common» here does not mean «ordinary», but «common to every situation» | |||
| communibus locis | in common places | A term frequently used among philosophical and other writers, implying some medium, or mean relation between several places; one place with another; on a medium. «Common» here does not mean «ordinary», but «common to every situation» | |||
| communis opinio | common opinion | prevailing doctrine, generally accepted view (in an academic field), scientific consensus; originally communis opinio doctorum, «common opinion of the doctors» | |||
| compos mentis | in control of the mind | Describes someone of sound mind. Sometimes used ironically. Also a legal principle, non compos mentis (not in control of one’s faculties), used to describe an insane person. | |||
| concilio et labore | by wisdom and effort | Motto of the city of Manchester. | |||
| concordia cum veritate | in harmony with truth | Motto of the University of Waterloo | |||
| concordia salus | well-being through harmony | Motto of Montreal. It is also the Bank of Montreal coat of arms and motto. | |||
| concordia parvae res crescunt | small things grow in harmony | Motto of Merchant Taylors’ School, Northwood | |||
| condemnant quod non intellegunt | They condemn what they do not understand or They condemn because they do not understand |
The quod here is ambiguous: it may be the relative pronoun or a conjunction. | |||
| condicio sine qua non | condition without which not | A required, indispensable condition. Commonly mistakenly rendered with conditio («seasoning» or «preserving») in place of condicio («arrangement» or «condition»). | |||
| conditur in petra | it is founded on the rock | Motto of Peterhouse Boys’ School and Peterhouse Girls’ School | |||
| confer (cf.) | compare | The abbreviation cf. is used in text to suggest a comparison with something else (cf. citation signal). | |||
| Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris C.Ss.R | Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer | Redemptorists | |||
| coniunctis viribus | with connected strength | Or «with united powers». Sometimes rendered conjunctis viribus. Motto of Queen Mary, University of London. | |||
| consensu | with consent | ||||
| consuetudo pro lege servatur | Custom is held as law. | Where there are no specific laws, the matter should be decided by custom;[30] established customs have the force of laws.[31] Also consuetudo est altera lex (custom is another law) and consuetudo vincit communem legem (custom overrules the common law); see also: Consuetudinary. | |||
| consummatum est | It is completed. | The last words of Jesus on the cross in the Latin translation of John 19:30. | |||
| contemptus mundi/saeculi | scorn for the world/times | Despising the secular world. The monk or philosopher’s rejection of a mundane life and worldly values. | |||
| contra bonos mores | against good morals | Offensive to the conscience and to a sense of justice. | |||
| contra legem | against the law | Especially in civil law jurisdictions, said of an understanding of a statute that directly contradicts its wording and thus is neither valid by interpretation nor by analogy. | |||
| contra proferentem | against the proferror | In contract law, the doctrine of contractual interpretation which provides that an ambiguous term will be construed against the party that imposed its inclusion in the contract – or, more accurately, against the interests of the party who imposed it. | |||
| contra spem spero | I hope against hope | Title of a poem by Lesya Ukrainka; it derives from an expression found in Paul’s Letter to the Romans 4:18 (Greek: παρ’ ἐλπίδα ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι, Latin: contra spem in spe[m]) with reference to Abraham the Patriarch who maintained faith in becoming the father of many nations despite being childless and well-advanced in years. | |||
| contra vim mortis non crescit herba (or salvia) in hortis | No herb (or sage) grows in the gardens against the power of death | there is no medicine against death; from various medieval medicinal texts | |||
| contradictio in terminis | contradiction in terms | A thing or idea that would embody a contradiction with the very definition of one of its terms; for example, payment for a gift, or a circle with corners. The fallacy of proposing such a thing. | |||
| contra principia negantem non est disputandum | there can be no debate with those who deny the foundations | Debate is fruitless when you don’t agree on common rules, facts, presuppositions. | |||
| cor ad cor loquitur | heart speaks to heart | From Augustine’s Confessions, referring to a prescribed method of prayer: having a «heart to heart» with God. Commonly used in reference to a later quote by Cardinal John Henry Newman. A motto of Newman Clubs. | |||
| cor aut mors | Heart or Death | (Your choice is between) The Heart (Moral Values, Duty, Loyalty) or Death (to no longer matter, to no longer be respected as person of integrity.) | |||
| cor meum tibi offero domine prompte et sincere | my heart I offer to you Lord promptly and sincerely | John Calvin’s personal motto, also adopted by Calvin College | |||
| cor unum | one heart | A popular school motto and often used as a name for religious and other organisations such as the Pontifical Council Cor Unum. | |||
| coram Deo | in the presence of God | A phrase from Christian theology which summarizes the idea of Christians living in the presence of, under the authority of, and to the honor and glory of God; see also coram Deo. | |||
| coram episcopo | in the presence of the bishop | Refers to the celebration of Mass in the Roman Catholic Church where the bishop is present but does not preside over the service.[32] | |||
| coram nobis, coram vobis | in our presence, in your presence | Two kinds of writs of error, calling for the decision to be reviewed by the same court that made it. Coram nobis is short for quae coram nobis resident (let them, i.e. the matters on the court record, remain before us), and was the form historically used for the Court of King’s Bench; the «us» means the King, who was theoretically the head of that court. Coram vobis is the analogous version («let the matters remain before you») for the Court of Common Pleas, where the King did not sit, even notionally. | |||
| coram populo | in the presence of the people | Thus, openly. | |||
| coram publico | in view of the public | ||||
| Corpus Christi | Body of Christ | The name of a feast in the Roman Catholic Church commemorating the Eucharist. It is also the name of a city in Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the name of Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge universities, and a controversial play. | |||
| corpus delicti | body of the offence | The fact that a crime has been committed, a necessary factor in convicting someone of having committed that crime; if there was no crime, there can not have been a criminal. | |||
| Corpus Iuris Canonici | Body of Canon Law | The official compilation of canon law in the Roman Catholic Church (cf. Codex Iuris Canonici). | |||
| Corpus Iuris Civilis | Body of Civil Law | The body of Roman or civil law. | |||
| corpus vile | worthless body | A person or thing fit only to be the object of an experiment, as in the phrase ‘Fiat experimentum in corpore vili.’ | |||
| corrigenda | things to be corrected | ||||
| corruptio optimi pessima | the corruption of the best is the worst | ||||
| corruptissima re publica plurimae leges | When the republic is at its most corrupt the laws are most numerous | Tacitus | |||
| corvus oculum corvi non eruit | a raven does not pick out an eye of another raven | ||||
| corruptus in extremis | corrupt to the extreme | Motto of the fictional Mayor’s office in The Simpsons | |||
| cras amet qui nunquam amavit; quique amavit, cras amet | May he who has never loved before, love tomorrow; And may he who has loved, love tomorrow as well | The refrain from the ‘Pervigilium Veneris’, a poem which describes a three-day holiday in the cult of Venus, located somewhere in Sicily, involving the whole town in religious festivities joined with a deep sense of nature and Venus as the «procreatrix», the life-giving force behind the natural world. | |||
| cras es noster | Tomorrow, be ours | As «The Future is Ours», motto of San Jacinto College, Texas | |||
| creatio ex nihilo | creation out of nothing | A concept about creation, often used in a theological or philosophical context. Also known as the ‘First Cause’ argument in philosophy of religion. Contrasted with creatio ex materia. | |||
| Credo in Unum Deum | I Believe in One God | The first words of the Nicene Creed and the Apostles’ Creed. | |||
| credo quia absurdum est | I believe it because it is absurd | A very common misquote of Tertullian’s et mortuus est Dei Filius prorsus credibile quia ineptum est (and the Son of God is dead: in short, it is credible because it is unfitting), meaning that it is so absurd to say that God’s son has died that it would have to be a matter of belief, rather than reason. The misquoted phrase, however, is commonly used to mock the dogmatic beliefs of the religious (see fideism). This phrase is commonly shortened to credo quia absurdum, and is also sometimes rendered credo quia impossibile est (I believe it because it is impossible) or, as Darwin used it in his autobiography, credo quia incredibile. | |||
| credo ut intelligam | I believe so that I may understand | A motto of St Anselm, used as the motto of St. Anselm Hall, Manchester | |||
| crescamus in Illo per omnia | May we grow in Him through all things | Motto of Cheverus High School. | |||
| crescat scientia vita excolatur | let knowledge grow, let life be enriched | Motto of the University of Chicago. Often rendered in English as «Let knowledge grow from more to more, And so be human life enriched,» so as to achieve an iambic meter. | |||
| crescente luce | Light ever increasing | Motto of James Cook University. | |||
| crescit cum commercio civitas | Civilization prospers with commerce | Motto of Claremont McKenna College. | |||
| crescit eundo | it grows as it goes | From Lucretius’ De rerum natura book VI, where it refers in context to the motion of a thunderbolt across the sky, which acquires power and momentum as it goes. This metaphor was adapted as the state motto of New Mexico (adopted in 1887 as the territory’s motto, and kept in 1912 when New Mexico received statehood) and is seen on the seal. Also the motto of Rocky Mount, Virginia. | |||
| cruci dum spiro fido | while I live, I trust in the cross, Whilst I trust in the Cross I have life | Motto of the Sisters of Loreto (IBVM) and its associated schools. | |||
| cucullus non facit monachum | The hood does not make the monk | William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, act 1, scene 5, 53–54[33] | |||
| cui bono | Good for whom? | «Who benefits?» An adage in criminal investigation which suggests that considering who would benefit from an unwelcome event is likely to reveal who is responsible for that event (cf. cui prodest). Also the motto of the Crime Syndicate of America, a fictional supervillain group. The opposite is cui malo (Bad for whom?). | |||
| cui prodest | for whom it advances | Short for cui prodest scelus is fecit (for whom the crime advances, he has done it) in Seneca’s Medea. Thus, the murderer is often the one who gains by the murder (cf. cui bono). | |||
| cuique suum | to each his own | ||||
| cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos | Whose the land is, all the way to the sky and to the underworld is his. | First coined by Accursius of Bologna in the 13th century. A Roman legal principle of property law that is no longer observed in most situations today. Less literally, «For whosoever owns the soil, it is theirs up to the sky and down to the depths.» | |||
| cuius regio, eius religio | whose region, his religion | The privilege of a ruler to choose the religion of his subjects. A regional prince’s ability to choose his people’s religion was established at the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. | |||
| cuiusvis hominis est errare, nullius nisi insipientis in errore perseverare. | Anyone can err, but only the fool persists in his fault | Cicero, Philippica XII, 5. | |||
| culpa | fault | Also «blame» or «guilt». In law, an act of neglect. In general, guilt, sin, or a fault. See also mea culpa. | |||
| cum gladiis et fustibus | with swords and clubs | From the Bible. Occurs in Matthew 26:47 and Luke 22:52. | |||
| cum gladio et sale | with sword and salt | Motto of a well-paid soldier. See salary. | |||
| cum grano salis | with a grain of salt | Not to be taken too seriously or as the literal truth. | |||
| cum hoc ergo propter hoc | with this, therefore on account of this | Fallacy of assuming that correlation implies causation. | |||
| cum laude | with praise | The standard formula for academic Latin honors in the United States. Greater honors include magna cum laude and summa cum laude. | |||
| cum mortuis in lingua mortua | with the dead in a dead language | Movement from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky | |||
| cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum | with the exclusive right to print | Copyright notice used in 16th-century England, used for comic effect in The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare[34] where Lucentio is urged by his servant Biondello to «seize your privilege to declare her [Bianca] yours alone». | |||
| cuncti adsint meritaeque expectent praemia palmae | let all come who by merit deserve the most reward | Motto of University College London. | |||
| cupio dissolvi | desire to be dissolved | From the Bible, locution indicating a will to death («I want to die»). | |||
| cur Deus Homo | Why the God-Man | The question attributed to Anselm in his work of by this name, wherein he reflects on why the Christ of Christianity must be both fully Divine and fully Human. Often translated «why did God become Man?» | |||
| cura personalis | care for the whole person | Motto of Georgetown University School of Medicine and University of Scranton | |||
| cura te ipsum | take care of your own self | Exhortation to physicians, or experts in general, to deal with their own problems before addressing those of others | |||
| curriculum vitae | course of life | An overview of a person’s life and qualifications, similar to a résumé | |||
| custodi civitatem, Domine | guard the city, O Lord | Motto of the City of Westminster | |||
| custos morum | keeper of morals | A censor | |||
| cygnis insignis | distinguished by its swans | Motto of Western Australia | |||
| cygnus inter anates | swan among ducks |
D[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| da Deus fortunae | O God, give fortune/happiness | A traditional greeting of Czech brewers. |
| da mihi factum, dabo tibi ius | Give me the fact, I will give you the law | Also da mihi facta, dabo tibi ius (plural «facta» (facts) for the singular «factum»). A legal principle of Roman law that parties to a suit should present the facts and the judge will rule on the law that governs them. Related to iura novit curia (the court knows the law). |
| damnant quod non intellegunt | They condemn what they do not understand | Paraphrase of Quintilianus, De Institutione Oratoria, Book 10, chapter 1, 26: «Modesto tamen et circumspecto iudicio de tantis viris pronuntiandum est, ne, quod plerisque accidit, damnent quae non intellegunt.» [Yet students must pronounce with diffidence and circumspection on the merits of such illustrious characters, lest, as is the case with many, they condemn what they do not understand. (translated by Rev. John Selby Watson) |
| damnatio ad bestias | condemnation to [the] beasts | Colloquially, «thrown to the lions». |
| damnatio memoriae | damnation of memory | The ancient Roman custom by which it was pretended that disgraced Romans, especially former emperors, never existed, by eliminating all records and likenesses of them. |
| damnum absque injuria | damage without injury | Meaning a loss that results from no one’s wrongdoing. In Roman law, a person is not responsible for unintended, consequential injury to another that results from a lawful act. This protection does not necessarily apply to unintended damage caused by one’s negligence or folly. |
| dat deus incrementum, or, deus dat incrementum | God gives growth | Motto of several schools. |
| data venia | with due respect / given the excuse | Used before disagreeing with someone. |
| datum perficiemus munus | We shall accomplish the mission assigned | Motto of Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. |
| de bene esse | as well done | In law, a de bene esse deposition is used to preserve the testimony of a witness who is expected not to be available to appear at trial and be cross-examined. |
| de bonis asportatis | carrying goods away | In law, trespass de bonis asportatis was the traditional name for larceny, i.e., the unlawful theft of chattels (moveable goods). |
| de dato | of the date | Used, e.g., in «as we agreed in the meeting d.d. 26th May 2006». |
| de facto | by deed | Said of something that is the actual state of affairs, in contrast to something’s legal or official standing, which is described as de jure. De facto refers to «the way things really are» rather than what is officially presented as the fact of the matter in question. |
| de fideli | with faithfulness | A clerk of a court makes this declaration when he is appointed, by which he promises to perform his duties faithfully as a servant of the court. |
| de fideli administratione | of faithful administration | Describes an oath taken to faithfully administer the duties of a job or office, like that taken by a court reporter.[35] |
| de futuro | regarding the future | Usually used in the context of «at a future time». |
| de gustibus non est disputandum | Of tastes there is nothing to be disputed | Less literally, «there is no accounting for taste», because they are judged subjectively and not objectively: everyone has their own and none deserve preeminence. The complete phrase is «de gustibus et coloribus non est disputandum» («when we talk about tastes and colours there is nothing to be disputed»). Probably of Scholastic origin; see Wiktionary. |
| de integro | again, a second time | |
| de jure | by law | «Official», in contrast with de facto; analogous to «in principle», whereas de facto is to «in practice». In other contexts, it can mean «according to law», «by right», and «legally». |
| de lege ferenda | of/from law to be passed | |
| de lege lata | of/from law passed / of/from law in force | |
| de minimis non curat lex | The law does not care about the smallest things. | A court does not care about small, trivial things. A case must have some importance in order for a court to hear it. See «de minimis non curat praetor». |
| de minimis non curat praetor | The commander does not care about the smallest things. | Also, «the chief magistrate does not concern himself with trifles.» Trivial matters are no concern of a high official; cf. aquila non capit muscas (the eagle does not catch flies). Sometimes rex (king) or lex (law) is used in place of praetor. De minimis is a legal phrase referring to things unworthy of the law’s attention. |
| de mortuis aut bene aut nihil | about the dead, either well or nothing | Less literally, «speak well of the dead or not at all»; cf. de mortuis nil nisi bonum. |
| de mortuis nil nisi bonum | about the dead, nothing unless a good thing | From de mortuis nil nisi bonum dicendum est («nothing must be said about the dead except the good»), attributed by Diogenes Laërtius to Chilon. In legal contexts, this quotation is used with the opposite meaning: defamation of a deceased person is not a crime. In other contexts, it refers to taboos against criticizing the recently deceased. |
| de nobis fabula narratur | About us is the story told | Thus: «their story is our story». Originally it referred to the end of Rome’s dominance. Now often used when comparing any current situation to a past story or event. |
| de novo | from the new | «Anew» or «afresh». In law, a trial de novo is a retrial of the issues as though they had not been tried before. In biology, de novo means newly synthesized, and a de novo mutation is a mutation that neither parent possessed or transmitted. In economics, de novo refers to newly founded companies, and de novo banks are state banks that have been in operation for five years or less. (Cf. ex novo) |
| de omni re scibili et quibusdam aliis | about every knowable thing, and even certain other things | The Italian scholar Giovanni Pico della Mirandola of the 15th century wrote the De omni re scibili («concerning every knowable thing») part, and a wag added et quibusdam aliis («and even certain other things»). |
| de omnibus dubitandum | Be suspicious of everything / doubt everything | Attributed to the French philosopher René Descartes. It was also Karl Marx’s favorite motto and a title of one of Søren Kierkegaard’s works, namely, De Omnibus Dubitandum Est. |
| de oppresso liber | free from having been oppressed | Loosely, «to liberate the oppressed». Motto of the United States Army Special Forces.[36] |
| de praescientia Dei | from/through the foreknowledge of God | Motto of the Worshipful Company of Barbers. |
| de profundis | from the depths | Meaning from out of the depths of misery or dejection. From the Latin translation of the Vulgate Bible of Psalm 130, of which it is a traditional title in Roman Catholic liturgy. |
| de re | about/regarding the matter | In logic, de dicto statements regarding the truth of a proposition are distinguished from de re statements regarding the properties of a thing itself. |
| decessit sine prole | died without issue | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.s.p., to indicate a person who died without having had any children. |
| decessit sine prole legitima | died without legitimate issue | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.s.p.l., to indicate a person who died without having had any children with a spouse. |
| decessit sine prole mascula legitima | died without legitimate male issue | Used in genealogical records in cases of nobility or other hereditary titles, often abbreviated as d.s.p.m.l. or d.s.p.m. legit, to indicate a person who died without having had any legitimate male children (indicating there were illegitimate male children) |
| decessit sine prole mascula superstite | died without surviving male issue | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.s.p.m., to indicate a person who died without having had any male children who survived, i.e. outlived him. |
| decessit sine prole superstite | died without surviving issue | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.s.p.s., to indicate a person who died without having had any children who survived, i.e. outlived him. |
| decessit vita matris | died in the lifetime of the mother | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.v.m., to indicate a person who predeceased his or her mother. |
| decessit vita patris | died in the lifetime of the father | Used in genealogical records, often abbreviated as d.v.p., to indicate a person who predeceased his or her father. |
| decus et tutamen | an ornament and a safeguard | A phrase from Virgil’s Aeneid. Inscription on British one-pound coins. Originally inscribed on coins of the 17th century, it refers to the inscribed edge of the coin as a protection against the clipping of its precious metal. |
| defendit numerus | There is safety in numbers | |
| Defensor Fortis | Defender of the Force | Official motto of the United States Air Force Security Forces (Security Police). |
| Dei gratia | By the grace of God | Part of the full style of a monarch historically considered to be ruling by divine right, notably in the style of the English and British monarch since 1521 |
| Dei gratia regina | By the Grace of God, Queen | Also Dei gratia rex («By the Grace of God, King»). Abbreviated as D G REG preceding Fidei Defensor (F D) on British pound coins, and as D G Regina on Canadian coins. |
| Dei sub numine viget | Under God’s Spirit she flourishes | Motto of Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States. |
| delectatio morosa | peevish delight | In Catholic theology, pleasure taken in a sinful thought or imagination, such as brooding on sexual images. As voluntary and complacent erotic fantasizing, without attempt to suppress such thoughts, it is distinct from actual sexual desire. |
| delegata potestas non potest delegari | Delegated powers can not be [further] delegated | A legal principle whereby one to whom certain powers were delegated may not ipso facto re-delegate them to another. A distinction may be had between delegated powers and the additional power to re-delegate them. |
| delirant isti Romani | They are mad, those Romans[!] | A Latin translation of René Goscinny’s phrase in French ils sont fous, ces romains! or Italian Sono pazzi questi Romani. Cf. SPQR, which Obelix frequently used in the Asterix comics. |
| Deo ac veritati | for God and for truth | Motto of Colgate University. |
| Deo confidimus | In God we trust | Motto of Somerset College. |
| Deo domuique | For God and for home | Motto of Methodist Ladies’ College, Melbourne. |
| Deo et patriae | For God and country | Motto of Regis High School in New York City, New York, United States. |
| Deo gratias | Thanks [be] to God | A frequent phrase in the Roman Catholic liturgy, used especially after the recitation of a lesson, the Last Gospel at Mass or as a response to Ite Missa Est / Benedicamus Domino. |
| Deo juvante | with God’s help | Motto of Monaco and its monarch, which is inscribed on the royal arms. |
| Deo non fortuna | by God, not fortune/luck | Motto of the Epsom College in Surrey, England and Fairham Freemasons Lodge No.8002 in the province of Nottinghamshire. |
| Deo optimo maximo (DOM) | To the best and greatest God | Derived from the pagan Iupiter optimo maximo («to the best and greatest Jupiter»). Printed on bottles of Bénédictine liqueur. |
| Deo patriae litteris | For God, country, [and] learning | Motto of Scotch College (Melbourne). |
| Deo regi vicino | For God, king and neighbour | Motto of Bromsgrove School. |
| Deo volente | God willing | This was often used in conjunction with a signature at the end of letters. It was used in order to signify that «God willing» this letter will get to you safely, «God willing» the contents of this letter come true. As an abbreviation (simply «D.V.») it is often found in personal letters (in English) of the early 1900s, employed to generally and piously qualify a given statement about a future planned action, that it will be carried out, so long as God wills (see James 4:13–15, which encourages this way of speaking). The motto of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. |
| descensus in cuniculi cavum | The descent into the cave of the rabbit | Down the rabbit hole. See Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland#Famous lines and expressions. |
| desiderantes meliorem patriam | they desired a better land | From Hebrews 11: 16. Adopted as the motto of the Order of Canada. |
| Deus caritas est | God Is Love | Title and first words of the first encyclical of Pope Benedict XVI. For other meanings see Deus caritas est (disambiguation). |
| deus ex machina | a god from a machine | From the Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēchanēs theós). A contrived or artificial solution, usually to a literary plot. Refers to the practice in Greek drama of lowering by crane (the mechanê) an actor playing a god or goddess onto the stage to resolve an insuperable conflict in the plot. The device is most commonly associated with Euripides. |
| Deus lux mea est | God is my light | The motto of The Catholic University of America. |
| Deus meumque jus | God and my right | The principal motto of Scottish Rite Freemasonry. See also Dieu et mon droit. |
| Deus nobis haec otia fecit | God has given us these days of leisure | Motto of the city of Liverpool, England. |
| Deus nobiscum | God with us | Motto of Methodist College Belfast |
| Deus nolens exitus | Get results, whether God likes it or not | Literally: Results, God unwilling. Can also be rendered as «Deus Nolens Exituus». |
| Deus otiosus | God at leisure | |
| Deus spes nostra | God is our hope | The motto of Sir Thomas de Boteler, founder of Boteler Grammar School in Warrington in 1526. |
| Deus vult | God wills it | The principal slogan of the Crusades. Motto of Bergen Catholic High School in New Jersey, United States. |
| Dicebamus hesterna die… | [As] we were saying yesterday… | Attributed to Fray Luis de León, the beginning of his first lecture after resuming his professorship at Salamanca University following four years of imprisonment by the Inquisition |
| dictatum erat (dict) | as previously stated | A recent academic substitution for the spacious and inconvenient phrase «as previously stated». Literally, has been stated. Compare also «dicta prius»; literally, said previously. |
| dicto simpliciter | [from] a maxim, simply | I.e. «from a rule without exception.» Short for a dicto simpliciter, the a is often dropped because it is confused with the English indefinite article. A dicto simpliciter occurs when an acceptable exception is ignored or eliminated. For example, the appropriateness of using opiates is contingent on suffering extreme pain. To justify the recreational use of opiates by referring to a cancer patient or to justify arresting said patient by comparing him to the recreational user would be a dicto simpliciter. |
| dictum factum | what is said is done | Motto of United States Navy Fighter Squadron VF-194. |
| dictum meum pactum | my word [is] my bond | Motto of the London Stock Exchange. |
| diem perdidi | I have lost the day | From the Roman Emperor Titus. Recorded in the biography of him by Suetonius in Lives of the Twelve Caesars. |
| dies irae | Day of wrath | Reference to the Judgment Day in Christian eschatology. The title of a famous Medieval Latin hymn by Tommaso da Celano in the 13th century and used in the Requiem Mass. |
| dies non juridicum | Day without judiciary | Days under common law (traditionally Sunday), during which no legal process can be served and any legal judgment is invalid. The English Parliament first codified this precept in the reign of King Charles II. |
| Dies tenebrosa sicut nox | a day as dark as night | First entry in Annales Cambriae, for the year 447.[37] |
| dirigo | I direct | In Classical Latin, «I arrange». Motto of the State of Maine, United States; based on a comparison of the State to the star Polaris. |
| dis aliter visum | It seemed otherwise to the gods | In other words, the gods have ideas different from those of mortals, and so events do not always occur in the way persons wish them to. Cf. Virgil, Aeneid, 2: 428. Also cf. «Man proposes and God disposes» and «My Thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways My ways», Isaiah 55, 8–9. |
| dis manibus sacrum (D.M.S.) | Sacred to the ghost-gods | Refers to the Manes, i.e. Roman spirits of the dead. Loosely, «to the memory of». A conventional pagan inscription preceding the name of the deceased on their tombstone; often shortened to dis manibus (D.M.), «for the ghost-gods». Preceded in some earlier monuments by hic situs est (H. S. E.), «he lies here». |
| disce aut discede | learn or depart / learn or leave | Motto of Royal College, Colombo and of King’s School, Rochester. |
| disce ut semper victurus, vive ut cras moriturus | Learn as if [you will] live forever; live as if [you will] die tomorrow. | Attributed to St. Edmund of Abingdon. First seen in Isidoro de Sevilla |
| discendo discimus | while learning we learn | See also docendo…(2). |
| discere faciendo | learn by doing | Motto of the three California Polytechnic State Universities of San Luis Obispo, Pomona, and Humboldt, United States. |
| disiecta membra | scattered limbs | I.e., «scattered remains». Paraphrased from Horace, Satires, 1, 4, 62, where it is written «disiecti membra poetae» (limbs of a scattered poet). |
| ditat Deus | God enriches | Motto of the State of Arizona, United States, adopted in 1911. Probably derived from the translation of the Vulgate Bible of Genesis 14: 23. |
| divide et impera | divide and rule / «divide and conquer» | A Roman maxim adopted by Roman Dictator Julius Caesar, King Louis XI of France and the Italian political author Niccolò Machiavelli. |
| dixi | I have spoken | A popular, eloquent expression, usually used in the end of a speech. The implied meaning is that the speaker has said all that had to be said and thus the argument is completed. |
| [«…», …] dixit | [«…», …] said | Used to attribute a statement or opinion to its author, rather than the speaker. |
| do ut des | I give that you may give | Often said or written of sacrifices, in which one «gives» and expects a return from the gods. |
| docendo discitur | It is learned by teaching / one learns by teaching | Attributed to Seneca the Younger. |
| docendo disco, scribendo cogito | I learn by teaching, I think by writing | |
| dolus specialis | special intent | «The … concept is particular to a few civil law systems and cannot sweepingly be equated with the notions of ‘special’ or ‘specific intent’ in common law systems. Of course, the same might equally be said of the concept of ‘specific intent’, a notion used in the common law almost exclusively within the context of the defense of voluntary intoxication.» (Genocide scholar William A. Schabas)[38] |
| Domine dirige nos | O Lord, guide us | Motto of the City of London, England. |
| Domine salvum fac regem | O Lord, save the king | Psalm 20, 10. |
| Domine salvam fac reginam | O Lord, save the queen | After Psalm 20, 10. |
| Dominica in albis [depositis] | Sunday in [Setting Aside the] White Garments | Latin name of the Octave of Easter in the Roman Catholic liturgy. |
| Dominus fortitudo nostra | The Lord is our strength | Motto of the Southland College, Philippines. Psalm 28, 8. |
| Dominus illuminatio mea | The Lord is my light | Motto of the University of Oxford, England. Psalm 27, 1. |
| Dominus pastor | The Lord is [our] shepherd | Motto of St. John’s College and Prep School, Harare, Zimbabwe. After Psalm 23, 1. |
| Dominus vobiscum | The Lord be with you. | A phrase used in the Roman Catholic liturgy, and sometimes in its sermons and homilies, and a general form of greeting among and towards members of Catholic organizations. See also Pax vobiscum. |
| dona nobis pacem | give us peace | Often set to music, either by itself or as the final phrase of the Agnus Dei prayer of the Holy Mass. Also an ending in the video game Haunting Ground. |
| donatio mortis causa | a donation in expectation of death | A legal concept in which a person in imminent mortal danger need not satisfy the otherwise requisite consideration to effect a testamentary donation, i.e., a donation by instituting or modifying a will. |
| draco dormiens nunquam titillandus | a sleeping dragon is never to be tickled | Motto of the fictional Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry of the Harry Potter series; translated more loosely in the books as «never tickle a sleeping dragon». |
| dramatis personae | the parts/characters of the play | More literally, «the masks of the drama»; the cast of characters of a dramatic work. |
| duae tabulae rasae in quibus nihil scriptum est | two blank slates with nothing written upon them | Stan Laurel, inscription for the fan club logo of The Sons of the Desert. |
| ducimus | we lead | Motto of the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps. |
| ducit amor patriae | love of country leads me | Motto of the 51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment, Australia. |
| ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt | the fates lead the willing and drag the unwilling | Attributed to Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Sen. Ep. 107.11). |
| ductus exemplo | leadership by example | Motto of the United States Marine Corps Officer Candidates School, at the base in Quantico, Virginia, United States. |
| dulce bellum inexpertis | war is sweet to the inexperienced | Meaning: «war may seem pleasant to those who have never been involved in it, though the experienced know better». Erasmus of Rotterdam. |
| dulce est desipere in loco | It is sweet on occasion to play the fool. / It is pleasant to relax once in a while. | Horace, Odes 4, 12, 28. Also used by George Knapton for the portrait of Sir Bourchier Wrey, 6th Baronet in 1744. |
| dulce et decorum est pro patria mori | It is sweet and honorable to die for the fatherland. | Horace, Odes 3, 2, 13. Also used by Wilfred Owen for the title of a poem regarding World War I, Dulce et Decorum Est (calling it «the old Lie»). |
| dulce et utile | a sweet and useful thing / pleasant and profitable | Horace, Ars Poetica: poetry must be dulce et utile, i.e., both enjoyable and instructive. |
| dulce periculum | danger is sweet | Horace, Odes, 3 25, 16. Motto of the Scottish clan MacAulay. |
| dulcius ex asperis | sweeter after difficulties | Motto of the Scottish clan Fergusson.[39] |
| dum cresco spero | I hope when I grow | Motto of The Ravensbourne School. |
| dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit | while Rome debates, Saguntum is in danger | Used when someone has been asked for urgent help, but responds with no immediate action. Similar to Hannibal ante portas, but referring to a less personal danger. |
| dum spiro spero | while I breathe, I hope | Cicero. Motto of the State of South Carolina. Motto of the Clan MacLennan. |
| dum vita est, spes est | while there is life, there is hope | |
| dum vivimus servimus | while we live, we serve | Motto of Presbyterian College. |
| dum vivimus, vivamus | while we live, let us live[40] | An encouragement to embrace life.»[41] Emily Dickinson used the line in a whimsical valentine written to William Howland in 1852 and subsequently published in the Springfield Daily Republican:[42] |
| duos habet et bene pendentes | he has two, and they dangle nicely | According to legend, the words spoken by the cardinal verifying that a newly-elected pope was a man, in a test employed after the reign of pope Joan. |
| dura lex sed lex | [the] law [is] harsh, but [it is the] law | A shortening of quod quidem perquam durum est, sed ita lex scripta est («which indeed is extremely harsh, but thus was the law written»). Ulpian, quoted in the Digesta Iustiniani, Roman jurist of the 3rd century AD.[43] |
| dura mater | tough mother | The outer covering of the brain. |
| durante bene placito | during good pleasure | Meaning: «serving at the pleasure of the authority or officer who appointed». A Mediaeval legal Latin phrase. |
| durante munere | while in office | For example, the Governor General of Canada is durante munere the Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada. |
| dux bellorum | war leader |
E[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| e causa ignota | of unknown cause | Often used in medicine when the underlying disease causing a symptom is not known. See also idiopathic. |
| E pluribus unum | out of many, one | Literally, out of more (than one), one. The former national motto of the United States, which «In God We Trust» later replaced; therefore, it is still inscribed on many U.S. coins and on the U.S. Capitol. Also the motto of S.L. Benfica. Less commonly written as ex pluribus unum |
| ecce Agnus Dei | behold the lamb of God | John the Baptist exclaims this after seeing Jesus[44] |
| ecce ancilla domini | behold the handmaiden of the Lord | From Luke 1:38 in the Vulgate Bible. Name of an oil painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti and motto of Bishopslea Preparatory School. |
| ecce homo | behold the man | From the Gospel of John in the Vulgate 19:5 (Douay-Rheims), where Pontius Pilate speaks these words as he presents Christ, crowned with thorns, to the crowd. It is also the title of Nietzsche’s autobiography and of the theme music by Howard Goodall for the ITV comedy Mr. Bean, in which the full sung lyric is Ecce homo qui est faba («Behold the man who is a bean»). |
| ecce panis angelorum | behold the bread of angels | From the Catholic hymn Lauda Sion; occasionally inscribed near the altar of Catholic churches; it refers to the Eucharist, the Bread of Heaven; the Body of Christ. See also: Panis angelicus. |
| editio princeps | first edition | The first published edition of a work. |
| ego te absolvo | I absolve you | Part of the formula of Catholic sacramental absolution, i. e., spoken by a priest as part of the Sacrament of Penance (see also absolvo). |
| ego te provoco | I challenge you | Used as a challenge; «I dare you». Can also be written as te provoco. |
| eheu fugaces labuntur anni | Alas, the fleeting years slip by | From Horace’s Odes, 2, 14 |
| ejusdem generis | of the same kinds, class, or nature | From the canons of statutory interpretation in law. When more general descriptors follow a list of many specific descriptors, the otherwise wide meaning of the general descriptors is interpreted as restricted to the same class, if any, of the preceding specific descriptors. |
| eluceat omnibus lux | let the light shine out from all | The motto of Sidwell Friends School |
| emeritus | veteran | Retired from office. Often used to denote an office held at the time of one’s retirement, as an honorary title, e. g. professor emeritus and provost emeritus. Inclusion in one’s title does not necessarily denote that the honorand is inactive in the pertinent office. |
| emollit mores nec sinit esse feros | a faithful study of the liberal arts humanizes character and permits it not to be cruel | From Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto (II, 9, 48). Motto of University of South Carolina. |
| ens causa sui | existing because of oneself | Or «being one’s own cause». Traditionally, a being that owes its existence to no other being, hence God or a Supreme Being (see also Primum Mobile). |
| ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem | by the sword she seeks a serene repose under liberty | Motto of the U.S. state of Massachusetts, adopted in 1775. |
| entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem | entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity | Occam’s razor or Law of Parsimony; arguments which do not introduce extraneous variables are to be preferred in logical argumentation. |
| entitas ipsa involvit aptitudinem ad extorquendum certum assensum | reality involves a power to compel certain assent | A phrase used in modern Western philosophy on the nature of truth. |
| eo ipso | by that very (act) | Technical term in philosophy and law. Similar to ipso facto. Example: «The fact that I am does not eo ipso mean that I think.» From the Latin ablative form of id ipsum («that thing itself»). |
| eo nomine | by that name | |
| equo ne credite | do not trust the horse | From Virgil, Aeneid, II. 48–49; a reference to the Trojan Horse. |
| erga omnes | in relation to everyone | Used in law, especially international law, to denote a kind of universal obligation. |
| ergo | therefore | Denotes a logical conclusion (see also cogito ergo sum). |
| errantis voluntas nulla est | the will of a mistaken party is void | Roman legal principle formulated by Pomponius in the Digest of the Corpus Juris Civilis, stating that legal actions undertaken by man under the influence of error are invalid. |
| errare humanum est | to err is human | Sometimes attributed to Seneca the Younger, but not attested: Errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum, et tertia non datur (To err is human; to persist [in committing such errors] is of the devil, and the third possibility is not given.) Several authors contemplated the idea before Seneca: Livy, Venia dignus error is humanus (Storie, VIII, 35) and Cicero: is Cuiusvis errare: insipientis nullius nisi, in errore perseverare (Anyone can err, but only the fool persists in his fault) (Philippicae, XII, 2, 5). Cicero, being well-versed in ancient Greek, may well have been alluding to Euripides’ play Hippolytus some four centuries earlier.[45] 300 years later Saint Augustine of Hippo recycled the idea in his Sermones, 164, 14: Humanum fuit errare, diabolicum est per animositatem in errore manere.[46] The phrase gained currency in the English language after Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism of 1711: «To err is human, to forgive divine» (line 325). |
| erratum | error | I. e., mistake. Lists of errors in a previous edition of a work are often marked with the plural errata («errors»). |
| eruditio et religio | scholarship and duty | Motto of Duke University |
| esse est percipi | to be is to be perceived | Motto of George Berkeley for his subjective idealist philosophical position that nothing exists independently of its perception by a mind except minds themselves. |
| esse quam videri | to be, rather than to seem | Truly being a thing, rather than merely seeming to be a thing. The motto of many institutions. From Cicero, De amicitia (On Friendship), Chapter 26. Prior to Cicero, Sallust used the phrase in Bellum Catilinae, 54, 6, writing that Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat («preferred to be good, rather than to seem so»). Earlier still, Aeschylus used a similar phrase in Seven Against Thebes, line 592: ou gar dokein aristos, all’ enai thelei («he wishes not to seem the best, but to be the best»). Motto of the State of North Carolina. |
| est modus in rebus | there is measure in things | there is a middle or mean in things, there is a middle way or position; from Horace, Satires 1.1.106; see also: Golden mean (philosophy). According to Potempski and Galmarini (Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9471–9489, 2009) the sentence should be translated as: «There is an optimal condition in all things», which in the original text is followed by sunt certi denique fines quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum («There are therefore precise boundaries beyond which one cannot find the right thing»). |
| esto perpetua | may it be perpetual | Said of Venice, Italy, by the Venetian historian Fra Paolo Sarpi shortly before his death. Motto of the U.S. state of Idaho, adopted in 1867; of S. Thomas’ College, Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka; of Sigma Phi Society. |
| esto quod es | be what you are | Motto of Wells Cathedral School |
| et adhuc sub iudice lis est | it is still before the court | From Horace, Ars Poetica (The Art of Poetry) 1.78. |
| et alibi (et al.) | and elsewhere | A less common variant on et cetera («and the rest») used at the end of a list of locations to denote unenumerated/omitted ones. |
| et alii, et aliae, et alia (et al.) | and others | Used similarly to et cetera («and the rest») to denote names that, usually for the sake of space, are unenumerated/omitted. Alii is masculine, and therefore it can be used to refer to men, or groups of men and women; the feminine et aliae is proper when the «others» are all female, but as with many loanwords, interlingual use, such as in reference lists, is often invariable. Et alia is neuter plural and thus in Latin text is properly used only for inanimate, genderless objects, but some use it as a gender-neutral alternative.[47] APA style uses et al. (normal font)[48] if the work cited was written by more than six authors; MLA style uses et al. for more than three authors; AMA style lists all authors if ≤6, and 3 + et al. if >6. AMA style forgoes the period (because it forgoes the period on abbreviations generally) and it forgoes the italic (as it does with other loanwords naturalized into scientific English); many journals that follow AMA style do likewise. |
| et cetera (etc., &c.) | and the rest | In modern usage, used to mean «and so on» or «and more». |
| et cum spiritu tuo | and with your spirit | A response in the Dominus vobiscum element of the Catholic Mass.[49] |
| et facere et pati fortia Romanum est | Acting and suffering bravely is the attribute of a Roman | The words of Gaius Mucius Scaevola when Lars Porsena captured him |
| et facta est lux | And light came to be or was made | From Genesis, 1:3: «and there was light». Motto of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. See also Fiat lux. |
| et hoc genus omne | and all that sort of thing | Abbreviated as e.h.g.o. or ehgo |
| et in Arcadia ego | and in Arcadia [am] I | In other words, «I too am in Arcadia». See also memento mori. |
| et lux in tenebris lucet | and light shines in the darkness | From the Gospel of John 1.5, Vulgate. Motto of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. See also Lux in Tenebris, 1919 play by Bertolt Brecht. |
| et nunc reges intelligite erudimini qui judicatis terram | «And now, O ye kings, understand: receive instruction, you that judge the earth.» | From the Book of Psalms, II.x. (Vulgate) Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, 2.10 (Douay-Rheims). |
| et passim (et pass.) | and throughout | Used in citations after a page number to indicate that there is further information in other locations in the cited resource. See also passim. |
| et sequentes (et seq.) | and the following (masculine/feminine plural) | Also et sequentia («and the following things»: neut.), abbreviations: et seqq., et seq., or sqq. Commonly used in legal citations to refer to statutes that comprise several sequential sections of a code of statutes (e. g. National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 159 et seq.; New Jersey Prevention of Domestic Violence Act, N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:25-17 et seq.). |
| et suppositio nil ponit in esse | and a supposition puts nothing in being | More usually translated as «Sayin’ it don’t make it so». |
| Et tu, Brute? | And you, Brutus? | Or «Even you, Brutus?» or «You too, Brutus?» Indicates betrayal by an intimate associate. From William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, based on the traditional dying words of Julius Caesar. However, these were almost certainly not Caesar’s true last words: Plutarch quotes Caesar as saying in Greek, the language of the Roman elite at the time, καὶ σὺ τέκνον (Kaì sù téknon?), translated as «You too, (my) child?», quoting from Menander. |
| et uxor (et ux.) | and wife | A legal term. |
| et vir | and husband | A legal term. |
| Etiam si omnes, ego non | Even if all others, I will never | Saint Peter to Jesus Christ, from the Vulgate, Gospel of Matthew 26:33; New King James Version: Matthew 26:33). |
| etsi deus non daretur | even if God were not a given | This sentence synthesizes a famous concept of Hugo Grotius (1625). |
| evoles ut ira breve nefas sit; regna | arise, that your anger may [only] be a brief evil; control [it] | A bilingual palindrome, yielding its English paraphrase, «Anger, ’tis safe never. Bar it! Use love!» |
| ex abundanti cautela | out of an abundance of caution | In law, describes someone taking precautions against a very remote contingency. «One might wear a belt in addition to braces ex abundanti cautela«.[50] In banking, a loan in which the collateral is more than the loan itself. Also the basis for the term «an abundance of caution» employed by United States President Barack Obama to explain why the Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court John Roberts had to re-administer the presidential oath of office, and again in reference to terrorist threats. |
| ex abundantia enim cordis os loquitur | for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. | From the Gospel of Matthew, XII.xxxiv (Vulgate), 12.34 (Douay-Rheims) and the Gospel of Luke, VI.xlv (Vulgate), 6.45 (Douay-Rheims). Sometimes rendered without enim («for»). |
| ex aequo | from the equal | Denoting «on equal footing», i. e., in a tie. Used for those two (seldom more) participants of a competition who demonstrated identical performance. |
| ex Africa semper aliquid novi | «(There is) always something new (coming) out of Africa» | Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 8, 42 (unde etiam vulgare Graeciae dictum semper aliquid novi Africam adferre[51]), a translation of the Greek «Ἀεὶ Λιβύη φέρει τι καινόν». |
| ex amicitia pax | peace from friendship | Often used on internal diplomatic event invitations. A motto sometimes inscribed on flags and mission plaques of diplomatic corps. |
| ex animo | from the soul | Sincerely. |
| ex ante | from before | Denoting «beforehand», «before the event», or «based on prior assumptions»; denoting a prediction. |
| Ex Astris Scientia | From the Stars, Knowledge | The motto of the fictional Starfleet Academy of Star Trek. Adapted from ex luna scientia, which in turn derived from ex scientia tridens. |
| ex cathedra | from the chair | A phrase applied to the declarations or promulgations of the Catholic Supreme Pontiff (Pope) when, preserved from the possibility of error by the Holy Spirit (see Papal infallibility), he solemnly declares or promulgates («from the chair» that was the ancient symbol of the teacher and governor, in this case of the Church) a dogmatic doctrine on faith or morals as being contained in divine revelation, or at least being intimately connected to divine revelation. Used, by extension, of anyone who is perceived as speaking as though with supreme authority. |
| ex cultu robur | from culture [comes] strength | The motto of Cranleigh School, Surrey. |
| ex Deo | from God | |
| ex dolo malo | from fraud | «From harmful deceit»; dolus malus is the Latin legal term denoting «fraud». The full legal phrase is ex dolo malo non oritur actio («an action does not arise from fraud»). When an action has its origin in fraud or deceit, it cannot be supported; thus, a court of law will not assist a man who bases his course of action on an immoral or illegal act. |
| ex duris gloria | From suffering [comes] glory | Motto of Rapha Cycling club (see also Rapha (sportswear)) |
| ex facie | from the face | Idiomatically rendered «on the face of it». A legal term typically used to state that a document’s explicit terms are defective absent further investigation. Also, «contempt ex facie» means contempt of court committed outside of the court, as contrasted with contempt in facie. |
| ex factis jus oritur | the law arises from the facts | |
| ex fide fiducia | from faith [comes] confidence | Motto of St George’s College, Harare and Hartmann House Preparatory School |
| ex fide fortis | from faith [comes] strength | Motto of Loyola School in New York City, New York, United States. |
| ex glande quercus | from the acorn the oak | Motto of the Municipal Borough of Southgate, London, England, United Kingdom. |
| ex gratia | from kindness | More literally «from grace». Refers to someone voluntarily performing an act purely from kindness, as opposed to for personal gain or from being compelled to do it. In law, an ex gratia payment is one made without recognizing any liability or obligation. |
| ex hypothesi | from the hypothesis | Denoting «by hypothesis» |
| ex ignorantia ad sapientiam; ex luce ad tenebras (e.i.) | from ignorance into wisdom; from light into darkness | Motto of the fictional Miskatonic University in Arkham, Massachusetts, from the Cthulhu Mythos |
| ex infra (e.i.) | «from below» | Recent academic notation denoting «from below in this writing». See also ex supra. |
| ex juvantibus | from that which helps | The medical pitfall in which response to a therapeutic regimen substitutes proper diagnosis. |
| ex lege | from the law | |
| ex libris | from the books | Precedes a person’s name, denoting «from the library of» the nominate; also a synonym for «bookplate». |
| ex luna scientia | from the moon, knowledge | The motto of the Apollo 13 lunar mission, derived from ex scientia tridens, the motto of Jim Lovell’s alma mater, the United States Naval Academy |
| ex malo bonum | good out of evil | From Saint Augustine of Hippo, «Sermon LXI», in which he contradicts the dictum of Seneca the Younger in Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, 87:22: bonum ex malo non fit («good does not come from evil»). Also the alias of the song «Miserabile Visu» by Anberlin in the album New Surrender. |
| ex mea sententia | in my opinion | |
| ex mero motu | out of mere impulse, or of one’s own accord | |
| ex nihilo nihil fit | nothing comes from nothing | From Lucretius, and said earlier by Empedocles. Its original meaning is «work is required to succeed», but its modern meaning is a more general «everything has its origins in something» (see also causality). It is commonly applied to the conservation laws in philosophy and modern science. Ex nihilo is often used in conjunction with «creation», as in creatio ex nihilo, denoting «creation out of nothing». It is often used in philosophy and theology in connection with the proposition that God created the universe from nothing. It is also mentioned in the final ad-lib of the Monty Python song «Always Look on the Bright Side of Life». |
| ex novo | anew | Denotes something that has been newly made or made from scratch (see also de novo). |
| Ex Oblivione | from oblivion | The title of a short story by H. P. Lovecraft |
| ex officio | from the office | By virtue or right of office. Often used when someone holds one office by virtue of holding another: for example, the President of France is an ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. A common misconception is that all ex officio members of a committee or congress may not vote; but in some cases they do. In law ex officio can also refer to an administrative or judicial office taking action of its own accord; in the latter case the more common term is ex proprio motu or ex meru motu, for example to invalidate a patent or prosecute infringers of copyright.[52] |
| ex opere operantis | from the work of the one working | A theological phrase contrasted with ex opere operato, referring to the notion that the validity or promised benefit of a sacrament depends on the person administering it. |
| ex opere operato | from the work worked | A theological phrase meaning that the act of receiving a sacrament actually confers the promised benefit, such as a baptism actually and literally cleansing one’s sins. The Catholic Church affirms that the source of grace is God, not just the actions or disposition of the minister or the recipient of the sacrament. |
| ex oriente lux | light from the east | Originally refers to the sun rising in the east, but alludes to culture coming from the Eastern world. Motto of several institutions. |
| ex oriente pax | peace comes from the east (i.e. from the Soviet Union) | Shown on the logo as used by East Germany’s CDU, a blue flag with two yellow stripes, a dove, and the CDU symbol in the center with the words ex oriente pax. |
| ex parte | from a part | A legal term that means «by one party» or «for one party». Thus, on behalf of one side or party only. |
| ex pede Herculem | from his foot, so Hercules | From the measure of Hercules’ foot you shall know his size; from a part, the whole. |
| ex post | from after | «Afterward», «after the event». Based on knowledge of the past. Measure of past performance |
| ex post facto | from a thing done afterward | Said of a law with retroactive effect |
| ex professo | from one declaring [an art or science] | Or ‘with due competence’. Said of the person who perfectly knows his art or science. Also used to mean «expressly».[53] |
| ex rel., or, ex relatio | [arising] out of the relation/narration [of the relator] | The term is a legal phrase; the legal citation guide called the Bluebook describes ex rel. as a «procedural phrase» and requires using it to abbreviate «on the relation of», «for the use of», «on behalf of», and similar expressions. An example of use is in court case titles such as Universal Health Services, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Escobar. |
| ex scientia tridens | from knowledge, sea power | The United States Naval Academy motto. Refers to knowledge bringing men power over the sea comparable to that of the trident-bearing Greek god Poseidon. |
| ex scientia vera | from knowledge, truth | The motto of the College of Graduate Studies at Middle Tennessee State University. |
| ex silentio | from silence | In general, the claim that the absence of something demonstrates the proof of a proposition. An argumentum ex silentio («argument from silence») is an argument based on the assumption that someone’s silence on a matter suggests («proves» when a logical fallacy) that person’s ignorance of the matter or their inability to counterargue validly. |
| ex situ | out of position | opposite of «in situ» |
| ex solo ad solem | from the Earth to the Sun | The motto of the University of Central Lancashire, Preston |
| ex supra (e.s.) | «from above» | Recent academic notation for «from above in this writing». See also ex infra. |
| ex tempore | from [this moment of] time | «This instant», «right away» or «immediately». Also written extempore |
| Ex turpi causa non oritur actio | From a dishonorable cause an action does not arise | A legal doctrine which states that a claimant will be unable to pursue a cause of action if it arises in connection with his own illegal act. Particularly relevant in the law of contract, tort and trusts. |
| ex umbra in solem | from the shadow into the light | Motto of Federico Santa María Technical University |
| ex undis | from the waves [of the sea] | motto in the coat of arms of Eemsmond |
| Ex Unitate Vires | union is strength, or unity is strength | Former motto of South Africa |
| ex vi termini | from the force of the term | Thus, «by definition» |
| ex vita discedo, tanquam ex hospitio, non tanquam ex domo | I depart from life as from an inn, not as from home | Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute (On Old Age) 23 |
| ex vivo | out of or from life | Used in reference to the study or assay of living tissue in an artificial environment outside the living organism. |
| ex voto | from the vow | Thus, in accordance with a promise. An ex voto is also an offering made in fulfillment of a vow. |
| ex vulgus scientia | from the crowd, knowledge | used to describe social computing, in The Wisdom of Crowds and discourse referring to it. |
| excelsior | higher | «Ever upward!» The state motto of New York. Also a catchphrase used by Marvel Comics head Stan Lee. |
| exceptio firmat (or probat) regulam in casibus non exceptis | The exception confirms the rule in cases which are not excepted | A juridical principle which means that the statement of a rule’s exception (e.g., «no parking on Sundays») implicitly confirms the rule (i.e., that parking is allowed Monday through Saturday). Often mistranslated as «the exception that proves the rule». |
| excusatio non petita accusatio manifesta | an excuse that has not been sought [is] an obvious accusation | More loosely, «he who excuses himself, accuses himself»—an unprovoked excuse is a sign of guilt. In French, qui s’excuse, s’accuse |
| exeat | s/he may go out | A formal leave of absence |
| exegi monumentum aere perennius | I have reared a monument more enduring than bronze | Horace, Carmina III:XXX:I |
| exempli gratia (e.g.) | for the sake of example, for example | Exempli gratiā, ‘for example’, is usually abbreviated «e. g.» or «e.g.» (less commonly, ex. gr.). The abbreviation «e.g.» often is interpreted anglicised as ‘example given’. The plural «exemplōrum gratiā» to refer to multiple examples separated by commas, is now not in frequent use as «ee.g.» and even «ee.gg.» corresponding to the practice of doubling plurals in Latin abbreviations. It is not usually followed by a comma in British English, but it often is in American usage. E.g. is often confused with i.e. (id est, meaning ‘that is’ or ‘in other words’).[54] Some writing styles give such abbreviations without punctuation, as ie and eg.[a] |
| Exemplum virtutis | a model of virtue | |
| exercitus sine duce corpus est sine spiritu | an army without a leader is a body without a spirit | On a plaque at the former military staff building of the Swedish Armed Forces |
| exeunt | they leave | Third-person plural present active indicative of the Latin verb exire; also seen in exeunt omnes, «all leave»; singular: exit. |
| experientia docet | experience teaches | This term has been used in dermatopathology to express that there is no substitute for experience in dealing with all the numerous variations that may occur with skin conditions.[71] The term has also been used in gastroenterology.[72] It is also the motto of San Francisco State University. |
| experimentum crucis | experiment of the cross | Or «crucial experiment». A decisive test of a scientific theory. |
| experto crede | trust the expert | Literally «believe one who has had experience». An author’s aside to the reader. |
| expressio unius est exclusio alterius | the expression of the one is the exclusion of the other | «Mentioning one thing may exclude another thing». A principle of legal statutory interpretation: the explicit presence of a thing implies intention to exclude others; e.g., a reference in the Poor Relief Act 1601 to «lands, houses, tithes and coal mines» was held to exclude mines other than coal mines. Sometimes expressed as expressum facit cessare tacitum (broadly, «the expression of one thing excludes the implication of something else»). |
| extra domum | [placed] outside of the house | Refers to a possible result of Catholic ecclesiastical legal proceedings when the culprit is removed from being part of a group like a monastery. |
| extra Ecclesiam nulla salus | outside the Church [there is] no salvation | This expression comes from the Epistle to Jubaianus, paragraph 21, written by Saint Cyprian of Carthage, a bishop of the third century. It is often used to summarise the doctrine that the Catholic Church is absolutely necessary for salvation. |
| extra omnes | outside, all [of you] | It is issued by the Master of the Papal Liturgical Celebrations before a session of the papal conclave which will elect a new pope. When spoken, all those who are not cardinals, or those otherwise mandated to be present at the conclave, must leave the Sistine Chapel. |
| extra territorium jus dicenti impune non paretur | he who administers justice outside of his territory is disobeyed with impunity | Refers to extraterritorial jurisdiction. Often cited in law of the sea cases on the high seas. |
| extrema ratio | «extreme solution», «last possibility», «last possible course of action» |
F[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| faber est suae quisque fortunae | every man is the artisan of his own fortune | Appius Claudius Caecus; motto of Fort Street High School in Petersham, Sydney, Australia |
| fac et spera | do and hope | motto of Clan Matheson |
| fac fortia et patere | do brave deeds and endure | motto of Prince Alfred College in Adelaide, Australia |
| fac simile | make a similar thing | origin of the word facsimile, and, through it, of fax |
| faciam eos in gentem unum | I will make them into one nation | appeared on British coinage following the Union of the Crowns |
| faciam quodlibet quod necesse est | I’ll do whatever it takes | |
| faciam ut mei memineris | I’ll make you remember me | from Plautus, Persa IV.3–24; used by Russian hooligans as tattoo inscription |
| facile princeps | easily the first | said of the acknowledged leader in some field, especially in the arts and humanities |
| facilius est multa facere quam diu | It is easier to do many things, than one thing consecutively | Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1/12:7 |
| facio liberos ex liberis libris libraque | «I make free adults out of children by means of books and a balance.» | motto of St. John’s College in Annapolis, Maryland, and Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| facta, non verba | deeds, not words | Frequently used as motto |
| factum fieri infectum non potest | It is impossible for a deed to be undone | Terence, Phormio 5/8:45 |
| falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus | false in one, false in all | A Roman legal principle indicating that a witness who willfully falsifies one matter is not credible on any matter. The underlying motive for attorneys to impeach opposing witnesses in court: the principle discredits the rest of their testimony if it is without corroboration. |
| familia supra omnia | family over everything | frequently used as a family motto |
| fas est et ab hoste doceri | It is lawful to be taught even by an enemy | Ovid, Metamorphoses 4:428 |
| febris amatoria | fever of love | Hypochromic anemia or chlorosis, once described as the «fever of love», which was believed to stem from the yearning for passion in virgins. First written about in 1554 by the German physician Johannes Lange. Also known as «Disease of the Virgins».[73] |
| feci quod potui, faciant meliora potentes | I have done what I could; let those who can do better. | Slight variant («quod potui feci») found in James Boswell’s An Account of Corsica, there described as «a simple beautiful inscription on the front of Palazzo Tolomei at Siena».[74] Later, found in Henry Baerlein’s introduction to his translation of The Diwan of Abul ʿAla by Abul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri (973–1057);[75] also in Anton Chekhov’s Three Sisters, act 1. Also in Alfonso Moreno Espinosa, Compendio de Historia Universal, 5. ed. (Cádiz 1888). |
| NN fecit | NN made (this) | a formula used traditionally in the author’s signature by painters, sculptors, artisans, scribes etc.; compare pinxit |
| fecisti patriam diversis de gentibus unam | «From differing peoples you have made one native land» | Verse 63 from the poem De reditu suo by Rutilius Claudius Namatianus praising emperor Augustus.[76] |
| felicior Augusto, melior Traiano | «be more fortunate than Augustus and better than Trajan» | ritual acclamation delivered to late Roman emperors |
| Felicitas, Integritas Et Sapientia | Happiness, Integrity and Knowledge | The motto of Oakland Colegio Campestre school through which Colombia participates of NASA Educational Programs |
| felix culpa | fortunate fault | from the «Exsultet» of the Catholic liturgy for the Easter Vigil |
| felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas | happy is he who can ascertain the causes of things | Virgil. «Rerum cognoscere causas» is the motto of the London School of Economics, University of Sheffield, and University of Guelph. |
| felo de se | felon from himself | archaic legal term for one who commits suicide, referring to early English common law punishments, such as land seizure, inflicted on those who killed themselves |
| fere libenter homines id quod volunt credunt | men generally believe what they want to | People’s beliefs are shaped largely by their desires. Julius Caesar, The Gallic War 3.18 |
| festina lente | hurry slowly | An oxymoronic motto of Augustus. It encourages proceeding quickly, but calmly and cautiously. Equivalent to «more haste, less speed». Motto of the Madeira School, McLean, Virginia and Berkhamsted School, Berkhamsted, England, United Kingdom |
| festinare nocet, nocet et cunctatio saepe; tempore quaeque suo qui facit, ille sapit. | it is bad to hurry, and delay is often as bad; the wise person is the one who does everything in its proper time. | Ovid[77] |
| fiat iustitia et pereat mundus | let justice be done, though the world shall perish | motto of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor |
| fiat justitia ruat caelum | let justice be done, should the sky fall | attributed to Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus |
| fiat lux | let there be light | from the Genesis, «dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux» («and God said: ‘Let there be light’, and there was light.»); frequently used as the motto of schools. |
| fiat mihi secundum verbum tuum | be it done to me according to thy word | Virgin Mary’s response to the Annunciation |
| fiat panis | let there be bread | Motto of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) |
| fiat voluntas Dei | May God’s will be done | motto of Robert May’s School; see the next phrase below |
| fiat voluntas tua | Thy will be done | motto of Archbishop Richard Smith of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton; quotation of the third petition of the Pater Noster (Our Father) prayer dictated by Jesus Christ and his response to the Father during the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane |
| ficta voluptatis causa sint proxima veris | fictions meant to please should approximate the truth | Horace, Ars Poetica (338); advice presumably discounted by the magical realists |
| Fidei Defensor (Fid Def) or (fd) | Defender of the Faith | A title given to King Henry VIII of England by Pope Leo X on 17 October 1521, before Henry broke from the Roman Church and founded the Church of England. British monarchs continue to use the title, which is still inscribed on all British coins, and usually abbreviated. |
| fidem scit | he knows the faith | sometimes mistranslated to «keep the faith» when used in contemporary English writings of all kinds to convey a light-hearted wish for the reader’s well-being |
| fides qua creditur | the faith by which it is believed | Roman Catholic theological term for the personal faith that apprehends what is believed, contrasted with fides quae creditur, which is what is believed; see next phrase below |
| fides quae creditur | the faith which is believed | Roman Catholic theological term for the content and truths of the Faith or «the deposit of the Faith», contrasted with fides qua creditur, which is the personal faith by which the Faith is believed; see previous phrase |
| fides quaerens intellectum | faith seeking understanding | motto of St. Anselm; Proslogion |
| fidus Achates | faithful Achates | refers to a faithful friend; from the name of Aeneas’s faithful companion in Virgil’s Aeneid |
| filiae nostrae sicut anguli incisi similitudine templi | may our daughters be as polished as the corners of the temple | motto of Francis Holland School |
| finis coronat opus | the end crowns the work | A major part of a work is properly finishing it. Motto of St. Mary’s Catholic High School in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; on the Coat of Arms of Seychelles; and of the Amin Investment Bank |
| finis vitae sed non amoris | the end of life, but not of love | unknown |
| flagellum dei | the scourge of God | title for Attila the Hun, the ruthless invader of the Western Roman Empire |
| flatus vocis | [a or the] breath of voice | a mere name, word, or sound without a corresponding objective reality; expression used by the nominalists of universals and traditionally attributed to the medieval philosopher Roscelin of Compiègne |
| flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo | if I can not reach Heaven I will raise Hell | Virgil, Aeneid, Book VII.312 |
| floreat Etona | may Eton flourish | Motto of Eton College, England, United Kingdom |
| floreat nostra schola | may our school flourish | a common scholastic motto |
| floreat pica | may the Magpie flourish | Motto of Collingwood Football Club |
| floruit (fl.) | one flourished | indicates a date on which a person is known to have been alive, often the period when a historic person was most active or was accomplishing that for which he is famous; may be used as a substitute when the dates of his birth and/or death are unknown. |
| fluctuat nec mergitur | it is tossed by the waves but does not founder | Motto of the City of Paris, France |
| fons et origo | the spring and source | also: «the fountainhead and beginning» |
| fons sapientiae, verbum Dei | the fount of knowledge is the word of God | motto of Bishop Blanchet High School |
| fons vitae caritas | love is the fountain of life | motto of Chisipite Senior School and Chisipite Junior School |
| formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas | teach the woods to re-echo «fair Amaryllis» | Virgil, Eclogues, 1:5 |
| formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim | the shepherd Corydon burned with love for the handsome Alexis | Virgil, Eclogues, 2:1. Highlighted by various authors (Richard Barnfield, Lord Byron) as a reference to same-sex love. |
| forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit | perhaps even these things will be good to remember one day | Virgil, Aeneid, Book 1, Line 203 |
| fortes fortuna adiuvat | Fortune favors the brave or Fortune favors the strong | From Terence’s comedy play Phormio, line 203. Also spelled fortis fortuna adiuvat. The motto of HMS Brave and USS Florida. |
| fortes fortuna iuvat | Fortune favors the brave | From the letters of Pliny the Younger, Book 6, Letter 16. Often quoted as fortes fortuna juvat. The motto of the Jutland Dragoon Regiment of Denmark. |
| fortes in fide | strong in faith | a common motto |
| fortis cadere, cedere non potest | the brave may fall, but can not yield | motto on the Coat of Arms of the Fahnestock Family and of the Palmetto Guard of Charleston, South Carolina |
| fortis est veritas | truth is strong | motto on the Coat of Arms of Oxford, England, United Kingdom |
| fortis et liber | strong and free | motto of Alberta, Canada |
| fortis in arduis | strong in difficulties/adversary | motto of the Municipal Borough of Middleton, from the Earl of Middleton and of Syed Ahmad Shaheed House of Army Burn Hall College in Abbottabad, Pakistan |
| fortiter et fideliter | bravely and faithfully | a common motto |
| fortiter in re, suaviter in modo | resolute in execution, gentle in manner | a common motto |
| fortius quo fidelius | strength through loyalty | Motto of St Kilda Football Club |
| fortunae meae, multorum faber | artisan of my fate and that of several others | motto of Gatineau |
| fraus omnia vitiat | fraud vitiates everything | a legal principle: the occurrence or taint of fraud in a (legal) transaction entirely invalidates it |
| Frustra legis auxilium quaerit qui in legem committit | in vain does he who offends the law seek the law’s aid | a legal principle: one cannot invoke the law to assist in an illegal purpose. Inscribed on the facade of the Quebec Court of Appeal in Montreal. |
| fui quod es, eris quod sum | I once was what you are, you will be what I am | An epitaph that reminds the reader of the inevitability of death, as if to state: «Once I was alive like you are, and you will be dead as I am now.» It was carved on the gravestones of some Roman military officers. |
| fumus boni iuris | presumption of sufficient legal basis | a legal principle |
| fundamenta inconcussa | unshakable foundation |
G[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | all Gaul is divided into three parts | the celebrated opening line of Julius Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War |
| gaudia certaminis | the joys of battle | according to Cassiodorus, an expression used by Attila in addressing his troops prior to the 451 Battle of Châlons |
| gaudeamus hodie | let us rejoice today | |
| gaudeamus igitur | therefore let us rejoice | First words of an academic anthem used, among other places, in The Student Prince. |
| gaudete in domino | rejoice in the Lord | Motto of Bishop Allen Academy |
| gaudium in veritate | joy in truth | Motto of Campion School |
| generalia specialibus non derogant | general provisions enacted in later legislation do not detract from specific provisions enacted in earlier legislation | A principle of statutory interpretation: If a matter falls under a specific provision in a statute enacted before a general provision enacted in a later statute, it is to be presumed that the legislature did not intend that the earlier specific provision be repealed, and the matter is governed by the earlier specific provision, not the more recent general one. |
| genius loci | spirit of place | The unique, distinctive aspects or atmosphere of a place, such as those celebrated in art, stories, folk tales, and festivals. Originally, the genius loci was literally the protective spirit of a place, a creature usually depicted as a snake. |
| generatim discite cultus | Learn each field of study according to its kind. (Virgil, Georgics II.) | Motto of the University of Bath. |
| gens una sumus | we are one people | Motto of FIDE. Can be traced back to Claudian’s poem De consulatu Stilichonis. |
| gesta non verba | deeds, not words | Motto of James Ruse Agricultural High School. |
| Gloria in excelsis Deo | Glory to God in the Highest | Often translated «Glory to God on High». The title and beginning of an ancient Roman Catholic doxology, the Greater Doxology. See also ad maiorem Dei gloriam. |
| Gloria invidiam vicisti | By your fame you have conquered envy | Sallust, Bellum Jugurthum («Jugurthine War«) 10:2. |
| gloria filiorum patres | The glory of sons is their fathers (Proverbs17:6) | Motto of Eltham College |
| Gloria Patri | Glory to the Father | The beginning of the Lesser Doxology. |
| gloriosus et liber | glorious and free | Motto of Manitoba |
| gradatim ferociter | by degrees, ferociously | Motto of private spaceflight company Blue Origin, which officially treats «Step by step, ferociously» as the English translation |
| gradibus ascendimus | ascending by degrees | Motto of Grey College, Durham |
| Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit | Conquered Greece in turn defeated its savage conqueror | Horace Epistles 2.1 |
| Graecum est; non legitur | It is Greek (and therefore) it cannot be read. | Most commonly from Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar where Casca couldn’t explain to Cassius what Cicero was saying because he was speaking Greek. The more common colloquialism would be: It’s all Greek to me. |
| grandescunt aucta labore | By hard work, all things increase and grow | Motto of McGill University |
| gratia et scientia | grace and learning | Motto of Arundel School |
| gratiae veritas naturae | Truth through mercy and nature | Motto of Uppsala University |
| graviora manent | heavier things remain | Virgil Aeneid 6:84; more severe things await, the worst is yet to come |
| Gravis Dulcis Immutabilis | serious sweet immutable | Title of a poem by James Elroy Flecker[78] |
| gutta cavat lapidem [non vi sed saepe cadendo] | a water drop hollows a stone [not by force, but by falling often] | main phrase is from Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto IV, 10, 5.;[79] expanded in the Middle Ages |
H[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| habeas corpus | [we command] that you have the body [brought up] | A legal term from the 14th century or earlier. Refers to a number of legal writs requiring a jailer to bring a prisoner in person (hence corpus) before a court or judge, most commonly habeas corpus ad subjiciendum («that you have the body [brought up] for the purpose of subjecting [the case to examination]»). Commonly used as the general term for a prisoner’s legal right to challenge the legality of their detention. |
| habemus papam | we have a pope | Used after a Catholic Church papal election to announce publicly a successful ballot to elect a new pope. |
| habent sua fata libelli | Books have their destiny [according to the capabilities of the reader] | Terentianus Maurus, De litteris, de syllabis, de metris, 1:1286. |
| hac lege | with this law | |
| haec olim meminisse iuvabit | one day, this will be pleasing to remember | Commonly rendered in English as «One day, we’ll look back on this and smile». From Virgil’s Aeneid 1.203. Also, motto of Handsworth Grammar School, and the Jefferson Society. |
| haec ornamenta mea [sunt] | «These are my ornaments» or «These are my jewels» |
Attributed to Cornelia Africana (talking about her children) by Valerius Maximus in Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX, IV, 4, incipit.[80][81] |
| Hannibal ad portas | Hannibal at the gates | Found in Cicero’s first Philippic and in Livy’s Ab urbe condita Hannibal was a fierce enemy of Rome who almost brought them to defeat. Sometimes rendered «Hannibal ante portas», with similar meaning: «Hannibal before the gates» |
| haud ignota loquor | I speak not of unknown things | Thus, «I say no things that are unknown». From Virgil’s Aeneid, 2.91. |
| Hei mihi! quod nullis amor est medicabilis herbis. | Oh me! love can not be cured by herbs | From Ovid’s Metamorphoses, I, 523. |
| hic abundant leones | here lions abound | Written on uncharted territories of old maps; see also: here be dragons. |
| hic et nunc | here and now |
The imperative motto for the satisfaction of desire. «I need it, Here and Now» |
| hic et ubique | here and everywhere | |
| hic jacet (HJ) | here lies | Also rendered hic iacet. Written on gravestones or tombs, preceding the name of the deceased. Equivalent to hic sepultus (here is buried), and sometimes combined into hic jacet sepultus (HJS), «here lies buried». |
| hic locus est ubi mors gaudet succurrere vitae | This is the place where death delights in helping life | A motto of many morgues or wards of anatomical pathology. |
| hic manebimus optime | here we will remain most excellently | According to Titus Livius the phrase was pronounced by Marcus Furius Camillus, addressing the senators who intended to abandon the city, invaded by Gauls, circa 390 BC. It is used today to express the intent to keep one’s position, even if the circumstances appear adverse. |
| hic Rhodus, hic salta | Here is Rhodes, jump here | From the Latin version of «The Boastful Athlete» in Aesop’s Fables[82] as formulated by Erasmus in his Adagia. An athlete brags about his impressive jump at a past event in Rhodes, whereupon he is challenged to reproduce it then and there, not merely boast. In other words, prove what you can do, here and now. Cited by Hegel and Marx. |
| hic sunt dracones | here there are dragons | Written on a globe engraved on two conjoined halves of ostrich eggs, dated to 1504. |
| hic sunt leones | here there are lions | Written on uncharted territories of old maps. |
| hinc et inde | from both sides | |
| hinc illae lacrimae | hence those tears | From Terence, Andria, line 125. Originally literal, referring to the tears shed by Pamphilus at the funeral of Chrysis, it came to be used proverbially in the works of later authors, such as Horace (Epistula XIX, 41). |
| hinc itur ad astra | from here the way leads to the stars | Written on the wall of the old astronomical observatory of Vilnius University, Lithuania, and the university’s motto. |
| hinc robur et securitas | herefore strength and safety | Motto of the Central Bank of Sweden. |
| historia vitae magistra | history, the teacher of life | From Cicero’s De Oratore, II, 9. Also «history is the mistress of life». |
| hoc age | do this | Motto of Bradford Grammar School |
| hoc est bellum | This is war | |
| hoc est Christum cognoscere, beneficia eius cognoscere | To know Christ is to know his benefits | Famous dictum by the Reformer Melanchthon in his Loci Communes of 1521 |
| hoc est enim corpus meum | For this is my Body | The words of Jesus reiterated in Latin during the Roman Catholic Eucharist. Sometimes simply written as «Hoc est corpus meum» or «This is my body». |
| hoc genus omne | All that crowd/people | From Horace’s Satires, 1/2:2. Refers to the crowd at Tigellio’s funeral (c. 40–39 BC). Not to be confused with et hoc genus omne (English: and all that sort of thing). |
| hodie mihi, cras tibi | Today it’s me, tomorrow it will be you | Inscription that can be seen on tombstones dating from the Middle Ages, meant to outline the ephemerality of life. |
| hominem pagina nostra sapit | It is of man that my page smells | From Martial’s Epigrams, Book 10, No. 4, Line 10; stating his purpose in writing. |
| hominem non morbum cura | Treat the Man, not the Disease | Motto of the Far Eastern University – Institute of Nursing |
| homo bulla | man is a bubble | Varro (116 BC – 27 BC), in the opening line of the first book of Rerum Rusticarum Libri Tres, wrote «quod, ut dicitur, si est homo bulla, eo magis senex» (for if, as they say, man is a bubble, all the more so is an old man)[83] later reintroduced by Erasmus in his Adagia, a collection of sayings published in 1572. |
| homo homini lupus | man [is a] wolf to man | First attested in Plautus’ Asinaria (lupus est homo homini). The sentence was drawn on by Thomas Hobbes in De Cive as a concise expression of his views on human nature. |
| Homo minister et interpres naturae | Man, the servant and interpreter of nature | Motto of the Lehigh University |
| homo praesumitur bonus donec probetur malus | One is innocent until proven guilty | See also: presumption of innocence. |
| homo sum humani a me nihil alienum puto | I am a human being; nothing human is strange to me | From Terence’s Heauton Timorumenos (The Self-Tormentor) (163 BC). Originally «strange» or «foreign» (alienum) was used in the sense of «irrelevant», as this line was a response to the speaker being told to mind his own business, but it is now commonly used to advocate respecting different cultures and being humane in general. Puto (I consider) is not translated because it is meaningless outside of the line’s context within the play. |
| homo unius libri | a man of a single book | Attributed to Thomas Aquinas: «Hominem unius libri timeo» “I fear a man of a single book.” |
| honestas ante honores | honesty before glory | Motto of King George V School (Hong Kong) |
| honor virtutis praemium | esteem is the reward of virtue | Motto of Arnold School, Blackpool, England |
| honoris causa | for the sake of honor | Said of an honorary title, such as «Doctor of Science honoris causa» |
| hora fugit | the hour flees | See tempus fugit |
| hora somni (h.s.) | at the hour of sleep | Medical shorthand for «at bedtime» |
| horas non numero nisi serenas | I do not count the hours unless they are sunny | A common inscription on sundials. |
| horresco referens | I shudder as I tell | From Virgil’s Aeneid, 2.204, on the appearance of the sea-serpents who kill the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons |
| horribile dictu | horrible to say | cf. mirabile dictu |
| hortus in urbe | A garden in the city | Motto of the Chicago Park District, a playful allusion to the city’s motto, urbs in horto, q.v. |
| hortus siccus | A dry garden | A collection of dry, preserved plants |
| hostis humani generis | enemy of the human race | Cicero defined pirates in Roman law as being enemies of humanity in general. |
| humilitas occidit superbiam | humility conquers pride | |
| hypotheses non fingo | I do not fabricate hypotheses | From Newton, Principia. Less literally, «I do not assert that any hypotheses are true». |
I[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| I, Vitelli, dei Romani sono belli | Go, O Vitellius, at the war sound of the Roman god | Perfectly correct Latin sentence usually reported as funny by modern Italians because the same exact words, in Italian, mean «Romans’ calves are beautiful», which has a ridiculously different meaning. |
| ibidem (ibid.) | in the same place | Usually used in bibliographic citations to refer to the last source previously referenced. |
| id est (i.e.) | that is (literally «it is») | «That is (to say)» in the sense of «that means» and «which means», or «in other words», «namely», or sometimes «in this case», depending on the context. |
| id quod plerumque accidit | that which generally happens | A phrase used in legal language to indicate the most probable outcome from an act, fact, event or cause. |
| idem (id.) | the same | Used to refer to something that has already been cited; ditto. See also ibidem. |
| idem quod (i.q.) | the same as | Not to be confused with an intelligence quotient. |
| Idus Martiae | the Ides of March | In the Roman calendar, the Ides of March refers to the 15th day of March. In modern times, the term is best known as the date on which Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC; the term has come to be used as a metaphor for impending doom. |
| Jesu juva (J.J.) | Jesus, help! | Used by Johann Sebastian Bach at the beginning of his compositions, which he ended with «S.D.G.» (Soli Deo gloria). Compare Besiyata Dishmaya. |
| Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (INRI) | Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews | From Vulgate; John 19:19. John 19:20 states that this inscription was written in three languages—Aramaic, Latin and Greek—at the top of the cross during the crucifixion of Jesus. |
| igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum | Therefore whoever desires peace, let him prepare for war | Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, De Re Militari; similar to si vis pacem, para bellum and in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello. |
| igne natura renovatur integra | through fire, nature is reborn whole | An alchemical aphorism invented as an alternate meaning for the acronym INRI. |
| igni ferroque | with fire and iron | A phrase describing scorched earth tactics. Also rendered as igne atque ferro, ferro ignique, and other variations. |
| ignis aurum probat | fire tests gold | A phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances, it is also the motto of the Prometheus Society. |
| ignis fatuus | foolish fire | Will-o’-the-wisp. |
| ignorantia juris non excusat | (or ignorantia legis non excusat or ignorantia legis neminem excusat) ignorance of the law is no excuse | A legal principle whereby ignorance of a law does not allow one to escape liability. |
| ignoratio elenchi | ignorance of the issue | The logical fallacy of irrelevant conclusion: making an argument that, while possibly valid, doesn’t prove or support the proposition it claims to. An ignoratio elenchi that is an intentional attempt to mislead or confuse the opposing party is known as a red herring. Elenchi is from the Greek elenchos. |
| ignotum per ignotius | unknown by means of the more unknown | An explanation that is less clear than the thing to be explained. Synonymous with obscurum per obscurius. |
| ignotus (ign.) | unknown | |
| illum oportet crescere me autem minui | He must become greater; I must become less | In the Gospel of John 3:30, a phrase said by John the Baptist after baptizing Jesus. Motto of Saint John the Baptist Catholic School, San Juan, Metro Manila. |
| imago Dei | image of God | From the religious concept that man was created in «God’s image». |
| imitatio dei | imitation of a god | A principle, held by several religions, that believers should strive to resemble their god(s). |
| imperium in imperio | an order within an order |
|
| imperium sine fine | an empire without an end | In Virgil’s Aeneid, Jupiter ordered Aeneas to found a city (Rome) from which would come an everlasting, never-ending empire, the endless (sine fine) empire. |
| impossibilium nulla obligatio est | there is no obligation to do the impossible | Publius Juventius Celsus, Digesta L 17, 185. |
| imprimatur | let it be printed | An authorization to publish, granted by some censoring authority (originally a Catholic bishop). |
| in absentia | in the absence | Used in a number of situations, such as in a trial carried out in the absence of the accused. |
| in absentia lucis, tenebrae vincunt | in the absence of light, darkness prevails | |
| in actu | in act | In the very act; in reality. |
| [Dominica] in albis [depositis] | [Sunday in Setting Aside the] White Garments | Latin name of the Octave of Easter. |
| in articulo mortis | at the point of death | |
| in bono veritas | truth is in the good | |
| in camera | in the chamber | In secret. See also camera obscura. |
| in casu (i.c.) | in the event | In this case. |
| in cauda venenum | the poison is in the tail | Using the metaphor of a scorpion, this can be said of an account that proceeds gently, but turns vicious towards the end—or more generally waits till the end to reveal an intention or statement that is undesirable in the listener’s ears. |
| in com. Ebor. | In the county of Yorkshire | Abbreviation of in comitatu Eboraci. Eboracum was the Roman name for York and this phrase is used in some Georgian and Victorian books on the genealogy of prominent Yorkshire families. |
| in Christi lumine pro mundi vita | in the light of Christ for the life on the world | Motto of Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. |
| incurvatus in se | turned/curved inward on oneself | |
| in Deo speramus | in God we hope | Motto of Brown University. |
| in dubio pro reo | in doubt, on behalf of the [alleged] culprit | Expresses the judicial principle that in case of doubt the decision must be in favor of the accused (in that anyone is innocent until there is proof to the contrary). |
| in duplo | in double | In duplicate |
| in effigie | in the likeness | In (the form of) an image; in effigy (as opposed to «in the flesh» or «in person»). |
| in esse | in existence | In actual existence; as opposed to in posse. |
| in extenso | in the extended | In full; at full length; complete or unabridged |
| in extremis | in the furthest reaches | At the very end. In extremity; in dire straits; also «at the point of death» (cf. in articulo mortis). |
| in facie | in the face | Refers to contempt of court committed in open court in front of the judge. Contrast ex facie. |
| in fide scientiam | To our faith add knowledge | Motto of Newington College. |
| in fidem | into faith | To the verification of faith. |
| in fieri | in becoming | In progress; pending. |
| in fine (i.f.) | in the end | At the end. Used in footnotes, for example, «p. 157 in fine«: «the end of page 157». |
| in flagrante delicto | in a blazing wrong, while the crime is blazing | Caught in the act (esp. a crime or in a «compromising position»); equivalent to «caught red-handed» in English idiom. |
| in flore | in blossom | Blooming. |
| in foro | in forum | In court (legal term). |
| in forma pauperis | in the character or manner of a pauper | |
| in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni | We enter the circle at night and are consumed by fire | A palindrome said to describe the behavior of moths. Also the title of a film by Guy Debord. |
| in harmonia progressio | progress in harmony | Motto of Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. |
| in hoc sensu, or in sensu hoc (s.h.) | in this sense | Recent academic abbreviation for «in this sense». |
| in hoc signo vinces | by this sign you will conquer | Words Constantine the Great claimed to have seen in a vision before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. |
| in hunc effectum | for this purpose | Describes a meeting called for a particular stated purpose only. |
| in ictu oculi | in the blink of an eye | |
| in illo ordine (i.o.) | in that order | Recent academic substitution for the spacious and inconvenient «…, respectively». |
| in illo tempore | in that time | At that time, found often in Gospel lectures during Masses, used to mark an undetermined time in the past. |
| in inceptum finis est | lit.: in the beginning is the end | or: the beginning foreshadows the end |
| in limine | at the outset/threshold | Preliminary, in law, a motion in limine is a motion that is made to the judge before or during trial, often about the admissibility of evidence believed prejudicial. |
| in loco | in the place, on the spot | That is, ‘on site’. «The nearby labs were closed for the weekend, so the water samples were analyzed in loco.» |
| in loco parentis | in the place of a parent | Assuming parental or custodial responsibility and authority (e.g., schoolteachers over students); a legal term. |
| in luce Tua videmus lucem | in Thy light we see light | Motto of Valparaiso University. The phrase comes from Psalm 36:9: «For with you is the fountain of life; in your light we see light.» |
| in lumine tuo videbimus lumen | in your light we will see the light | Motto of Columbia University, Presbyterian Boys’ Secondary School, Ohio Wesleyan University, and the South African University of Fort Hare. |
| in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum | into your hands I entrust my spirit | According to Luke 23:46, the last words of Jesus on the cross. |
| in medias res | into the middle of things | From Horace. Refers to the literary technique of beginning a narrative in the middle of, or at a late point in, the story, after much action has already taken place. Examples include the Iliad, the Odyssey, Os Lusíadas, Othello, and Paradise Lost. Compare ab initio. |
| in memoriam | into the memory | Equivalent to «in the memory of». Refers to remembering or honoring a deceased person. |
| in natura | in nature | |
| in necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas | in necessary things unity, in doubtful things liberty, in all things charity | «Charity» (caritas) is being used in the classical sense of «compassion» (cf. agape). Motto of the Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen. Often misattributed to Augustine of Hippo.[citation needed] |
| in nocte consilium | advice comes over night. Literally: the night brings advice, source of the English expression «sleep on it» | I.e., «Tomorrow is a new day.» Motto of Birkbeck College, University of London. |
| in nomine diaboli | in the name of the devil | |
| in nomine Domini | in the name of the Lord | Motto of Trinity College, Perth, Australia; the name of a 1050 papal bull |
| in nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti | in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit | invocation of the Holy Trinity; part of the Latin Mass |
| in nuce | in a nut | in a nutshell; briefly stated; potential; in the embryonic phase |
| in odium fidei | in hatred of the faith | Used in reference to the deaths of Christian martyrs |
| in omnia paratus | ready for anything | Motto of the United States Army’s 18th Infantry Regiment |
| in omnibus amare et servire Domino | in everything, love and serve the Lord | The motto of Ateneo de Iloilo, a school in the Philippines |
| in omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam inveni nisi in angulo cum libro | Everywhere I have searched for peace and nowhere found it, except in a corner with a book | Quote by Thomas à Kempis |
| in ovo | in the egg | An experiment or process performed in an egg or embryo (e.g. in ovo electroporation of chicken embryo). |
| in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello | in peace, like the wise man, make preparations for war | Horace, Satires 2/2:111; similar to si vis pacem, para bellum and igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum. |
| in pace requiescat | in peace may he rest | Alternate form of requiescat in pace («let him rest in peace»). Found in this form at the end of The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe. |
| in pari materia | upon the same matter or subject | In statutory interpretation, when a statute is ambiguous, its meaning may be determined in light of other statutes on the same subject matter. |
| in pari delicto | in equal fault | |
| in partibus infidelium | in the parts of the infidels | «In the land of the infidels»; used to refer to bishoprics that remain as titular sees even after the corresponding territory was conquered, usually by Muslim rulers. |
| in pectore | in the heart | A cardinal named in secret by the pope. See also ab imo pectore. |
| in personam | into a person | Directed towards a particular person |
| in posse | in potential | In the state of being possible; as opposed to in esse. |
| in propria persona | in one’s own person | For one’s self, for the sake of one’s personhood; acting on one’s own behalf, especially a person representing themselves in a legal proceeding; see also litigant in person, pro se legal representation in the United States (abbreviated pro per). |
| in principio erat Verbum | in the beginning was the Word (Logos) | Beginning of the Gospel of John |
| in re | in the matter [of] | A legal term used to indicate that a judicial proceeding may not have formally designated adverse parties or is otherwise uncontested. The term is commonly used in case citations of probate proceedings, for example, In re Smith’s Estate; it is also used in juvenile courts, as, for instance, In re Gault. |
| in rebus | in the thing [itself] | Primarily of philosophical use to discuss properties and property exemplification. In philosophy of mathematics, it is typically contrasted with «ante rem» and, more recently, «post res» structuralism. Sometimes in re is used in place of in rebus. |
| in regione caecorum rex est luscus | In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. | A quote of Desiderius Erasmus from Adagia (first published 1500, with numerous expanded editions through 1536), III, IV, 96. |
| in rem | to the thing | Legal term indicating a court’s jurisdiction over a piece of property rather than a legal person; contrast with personal (ad personam) jurisdiction. See In rem jurisdiction; Quasi in rem jurisdiction |
| in rerum natura | in the nature of things | See also Lucretius’ De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things). |
| in retentis | among things held back | Used to describe documents kept separately from the regular records of a court for special reasons. |
| in saecula (saeculorum), in saeculum saeculi | roughly: down to the times of the times | forever (and ever); liturgical |
| in saeculo | in the times | In the secular world, esp. outside a monastery, or before death. |
| in salvo | in safety | |
| in scientia et virtue | In Knowledge, and Virtue | Motto of St. Joseph’s College, Colombo. Sri Lanka. |
| in se magna ruunt | great things collapse of their own weight | Lucan, Pharsalia 1:81. |
| in silvam non ligna feras | Do not carry wood to the forest | Horace, Satires 1:10. |
| in situ | in the place | In the original place, appropriate position, or natural arrangement. |
| in somnis veritas | In dreams there is truth | |
| in spe | in hope | «future» («my mother-in-law in spe«, i.e. «my future mother-in-law»), or «in embryonic form», as in «Locke’s theory of government resembles, in spe, Montesquieu’s theory of the separation of powers.» |
| in specialibus generalia quaerimus | To seek the general in the specifics | That is, to understand the most general rules through the most detailed analysis. |
| in statu nascendi | in the state of being born | Just as something is about to begin |
| in theatro ludus | like a scene in a play | Surreal |
| in toto | in all | Totally; entirely; completely. |
| in triplo | in triple | In triplicate. |
| in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus | Then we will fight in the shade | Laconic phrase supposedly given by the Spartans in response to the Persian boast at the Battle of Thermopylae that their arrows would obscure the sun. The response, though not in this form, was variously attributed to the soldier Dienekes or to King Leonidas I. |
| in utero | in the womb | |
| in utrumque paratus | prepared for either (event) | |
| in vacuo | in a void | In a vacuum; isolated from other things. |
| in varietate concordia | united in diversity | The motto of the European Union |
| in verbo tuo | at your word | a reference to the response of Peter when he was invited by Jesus to «Put out into the deep and let down your nets for a catch» (Luke 5:4–5). |
| invidiae prudentia victrix | prudence conquers jealousy | |
| in vino veritas | in wine [there is] truth | That is, wine loosens the tongue (referring to alcohol’s disinhibitory effects). |
| in vitro | in glass | An experimental or process methodology performed in a «non-natural» setting (e.g. in a laboratory using a glass test tube or Petri dish), and thus outside of a living organism or cell. Alternative experimental or process methodologies include in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. |
| in vivo | in life/in a living thing | An experiment or process performed on a living specimen. |
| in vivo veritas | in a living thing [there is] truth | An expression used by biologists to express the fact that laboratory findings from testing an organism in vitro are not always reflected when applied to an organism in vivo. A pun on in vino veritas. |
| incepto ne desistam | May I not shrink from my purpose! | Motto of Westville Boys’ High School and Westville Girls’ High School, from Virgil, Aeneid, Book 1. Used by Juno, queen of heaven, who hated the Trojans led by Aeneas. When she saw the fleet of Aeneas on its way to Italy, after the sack of Troy by the Greeks, she planned to scatter it by means of strong winds. In her determination to accomplish her task she cried out «Incepto ne desistam!» |
| incertae sedis | of uncertain position (seat) | A term used to classify a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. |
| incredibile dictu | incredible to say | A variant on mirabile dictu. |
| intus et in cute | inwardly and in the skin | Intimately, without reservation. Persius, Satire 3:30. |
| Index Librorum Prohibitorum | Index of Prohibited (or, Forbidden) Books | A list of books considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church. |
| indigens Deo | being in need of God, beggar before God | From Augustine, De Civitate Dei XII, 1.3: beatitudinem consequatur nec expleat indigentiam suam, «since it is not satisfied unless it be perfectly blessed». |
| indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus | I too am annoyed whenever good Homer falls asleep | Horace, Ars Poetica 358 |
| indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter | indivisible and inseparable | Motto of Austria-Hungary before it was divided and separated into independent states in 1918. |
| infinitus est numerus stultorum | unending is the number of fools | |
| infirma mundi elegit Deus | God chooses the weak of the world | The motto of Venerable Vital-Justin Grandin, the bishop of the St. Albert Diocese, which is now the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton |
| infra dignitatem (infra dig) | beneath (one’s) dignity | |
| ingenio stat sine morte decus | the honors of genius are eternal | Propertius, Elegies Book III, 2 |
| initium sapientiae timor Domini | the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom | Psalm 111:10. Motto of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. |
| iniuriae qui addideris contumeliam | you who have added insult to injury | Phaedrus, Fables 5/3:5. |
| inopiae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia | to poverty many things are lacking; to avarice, everything | Publilius Syrus. |
| insita hominibus libidine alendi de industria rumores | men have an innate desire to propagate rumors or reports | Titus Livius (XXVII, XXIV); Michel de Montaigne, Essays. |
| instante mense (inst.) | in the present month | Used in formal correspondence to refer to the current month, sometimes abbreviated as inst; e.g.: «Thank you for your letter of the 17th inst.»—ult. mense = last month, prox. mense = next month. |
| Instrumentum regni | instrument of government | Used to express the exploitation of religion by State or ecclesiastical polity as a means of controlling the masses, or in particular to achieve political and mundane ends. |
| Instrumentum vocale | instrument with voice | So Varro in his De re rustica (On Agriculture) defines the slave: an instrument (as a simple plow, or etc.) with voice. |
| intaminatis fulget honoribus | untarnished, she shines with honor | From Horace’s Odes (III.2.18). Motto of Wofford College. |
| integer vitae scelerisque purus | unimpaired by life and clean of wickedness | From Horace.[84] Used as a funeral hymn. |
| intelligenti pauca | few words suffice for him who understands | |
| inter alia (i.a.) | among other things | A term used in formal extract minutes to indicate that the minute quoted has been taken from a fuller record of other matters, or when alluding to the parent group after quoting a particular example. |
| inter alios | among others | Often used to compress lists of parties to legal documents |
| inter arma enim silent leges | in a time of war, the law falls silent | Said by Cicero in Pro Milone as a protest against unchecked political mobs that had virtually seized control of Rome in the 60s and 50s BC. Famously quoted in the essay Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau as «The clatter of arms drowns out the voice of the law». This phrase has also been jokingly translated as «In a time of arms, the legs are silent.» |
| inter caetera | among others | Title of a papal bull. |
| inter mutanda constantia | steadfast in the midst of change | Motto of Rockwell College in Ireland and Francis Libermann Catholic High School in Ontario, Canada |
| inter spem et metum | between hope and fear | |
| inter faeces et urinam nascimur | we are born between feces and urine | Attributed to Saint Augustine. |
| inter vivos | between the living | Describes property transfers between living persons, as opposed to a testamentary transfer upon death such as an inheritance; often relevant to tax laws. |
| intra muros | within the walls | Not public; source of the word intramural. Can also refer to the portion of a city within the city walls (current or past); for example, Intramuros, Manila. |
| intra vires | within the powers | Within one’s authority. Contrasted with ultra vires. |
| invenias etiam disiecti membra poetae | you would still recognize the scattered fragments of a poet | Horace, Satires, I, 4, 62, in reference to the earlier Roman poet Ennius. |
| inveniet quod quisque velit | each shall find what he desires | Attributed to Petronius[85] or Prudentius. Motto of Nature in Cambridgeshire:[86] Inveniet quod quisque velit; non omnibus unum est, quod placet; hic spinas colligit, ille rosas («Each shall find what he desires; no one thing pleases all; one gathers thorns, another roses»). |
| invicta | unconquered | Motto of the English county of Kent and the city of Oporto |
| invictus maneo | I remain unvanquished | Motto of the Armstrong clan |
| Iohannes est nomen eius | John is his name | Luke 1:63, referring to John the Baptist. Motto of the coat of arms of Puerto Rico. |
| ipsa scientia potestas est | knowledge itself is power | Famous phrase written by Sir Francis Bacon in 1597 |
| ipse dixit | he himself said it | Commonly said in Medieval debates and referring to Aristotle. Used in general to emphasize that some assertion comes from some authority, i.e., as an argument from authority, and the term ipse-dixitism has come to mean any unsupported rhetorical assertion that lacks a logical argument. A literal translation by Cicero (in his De Natura Deorum 1.10) of the Greek αὐτὸς ἔφα, an invocation by Pythagoreans when appealing to the pronouncements of the master. |
| ipsissima verba | the very words themselves | «Strictly word for word» (cf. verbatim). Often used in Biblical Studies to describe the record of Jesus’ teaching found in the New Testament (specifically, the four Gospels). |
| ipsissima voce | in the very voice itself | To approximate the main thrust or message without using the exact words |
| ipso facto | by the fact itself | By that very fact |
| ipso iure | by the law itself | Automatically as a consequence of law |
| ira deorum | wrath of the gods | Like the vast majority of inhabitants of the ancient world, the ancient Romans practiced pagan rituals, believing it important to achieve a state of pax deorum (peace of the gods) instead of ira deorum (wrath of the gods): earthquakes, floods, famine, etc. |
| ira furor brevis est | wrath (anger) is but a brief madness | |
| ita vero | thus indeed | A useful phrase, as the Romans had no word for «yes», preferring to respond to questions with the affirmative or negative of the question (e.g., «Are you hungry?» was answered by «I am hungry» or «I am not hungry», not «yes» or «no»). |
| ite, missa est | go, it is the dismissal | Loosely: «You have been dismissed», literally «Go. Mass is over». Concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite.[87] |
| iter legis | the path of the law | The path a law takes from its conception to its implementation |
| iucunda memoria est praeteritorum malorum | pleasant is the memory of past troubles | Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 2, 32, 105 |
| iugulare mortuos | to cut the throat of corpses | From Gerhard Gerhards’ (1466–1536) (better known as Erasmus) collection of annotated Adagia (1508). It can mean attacking the work or personality of deceased person. Alternatively, it can be used to describe criticism of an individual already heavily criticised by others. |
| iuncta iuvant | together they strive | also spelled juncta juvant; from the legal principle quae non valeant singula, iuncta iuvant («What is without value on its own, helps when joined») |
| iura novit curia | the court knows the law | A legal principle in civil law countries of the Roman-German tradition that says that lawyers need not argue the law, as that is the office of the court. Sometimes miswritten as iura novat curia (the court renews the laws). |
| iure matris | in right of his mother | Indicates a right exercised by a son on behalf of his mother |
| iure uxoris | in right of his wife | Indicates a right exercised by a husband on behalf of his wife |
| iuris ignorantia est cum ius nostrum ignoramus | it is ignorance of the law when we do not know our own rights | |
| ius accrescendi | right of accrual | Commonly referred to as «right of survivorship»: a rule in property law that surviving joint tenants have rights in equal shares to a decedent’s property |
| ius ad bellum | law towards war | Refers to the laws that regulate the reasons for going to war. Typically, this would address issues of self-defense or preemptive strikes. |
| ius cogens | compelling law | A peremptory norm, a fundamental principle of international law considered to have acceptance among the international community of states as a whole and from which no derogation is permitted. |
| ius est ars boni et aequi | the law is the art of goodness and equity | Appears on the front of the Sievekingplatz 2, a courthouse of the Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht, in Hamburg, Germany. |
| ius in bello | law in war | Refers to the «laws» that regulate the conduct of combatants during a conflict. Typically, this would address issues of who or what is a valid target, how to treat prisoners, and what sorts of weapons can be used. The word jus is also commonly spelled ius. |
| ius primae noctis | law of the first night | The droit du seigneur, supposed right of a lord to have sexual relations with a newly married female subject |
| iustitia fundamentum regni | justice is the foundation of a reign | Motto of the Supreme Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Czech Republic. |
| iustitia omnibus | justice for all | The motto of Washington, D.C. |
| iuventuti nil arduum | to the young nothing is difficult | Motto of Canberra Girls Grammar School |
| iuventutis veho fortunas | I bear the fortunes of youth | Motto of Dollar Academy |
L[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| labor ipse voluptas | The pleasure is in the work itself. | Motto of Peter King, 1st Baron King as mentioned within ‘The Improvement of the Mind. To Which is Added, a discourse on the Education of Children and Youth’ by Isaac Watts 1741. |
| labor omnia vincit | Hard work conquers all. | Popular as a motto; derived from a phrase in Virgil’s Eclogue (X.69: omnia vincit Amor – «Love conquers all»); a similar phrase also occurs in his Georgics I.145. |
| laborare pugnare parati sumus | To work, (or) to fight; we are ready | Motto of the California Maritime Academy |
| labore et honore | By labour and honour | |
| laboremus pro patria | Let us work for the fatherland | Motto of the Carlsberg breweries |
| laboris gloria Ludi | Games are the glory of work, | Motto of the Camborne School of Mines, Cornwall, UK |
| lacrimae rerum | The poignancy of things. | Virgil, Aeneid 1:462 |
| lapsus | lapse, slip, error; involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking | |
| lapsus calami | inadvertent typographical error, slip of the pen | |
| lapsus linguae | inadvertent speech error, slip of the tongue | |
| lapsus memoriae | slip of memory | source of the term memory lapse |
| latius est impunitum relinqui facinus nocentis (quam innocentem damnari) | It is better to let the crime of the guilty go unpunished (than to condemn the innocent) | Ulpian, Digest 5:6. |
| lauda finem | praise to the end | Motto of Nottingham High School |
| Laudatio Ejus Manet In Secula Seculorum | His Praise Remains unto Ages of Ages | Motto of Galway |
| laudator temporis acti | praiser of time past | One who is discontent with the present and instead prefers things of the past («the good old days»). In Horace’s Ars Poetica, line 173; motto of HMS Veteran |
| laudetur Jesus Christus | Praise (Be) Jesus Christ | Often used as a salutation, but also used after prayers or the reading of the gospel |
| laus Deo | praise be to God | Inscription on the east side at the peak of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.; motto of the Viscount of Arbuthnott and Sydney Grammar School; title of a poem by John Greenleaf Whittier commemorating the passage of the 13th Amendment |
| lectio brevior potior | The shorter reading is the better | A maxim in text criticism. Codified, but simultaneously refuted, by Johann Jakob Griesbach. |
| lectio difficilior potior | The more difficult reading is the stronger | |
| lectori salutem (L. S.,) | greetings to the reader | Often abbreviated to L.S., used as opening words for a letter |
| lege artis | according to the law of the art | Denotes that a certain intervention is performed in a correct way. Used especially in a medical context. The ‘art’ referred to in the phrase is medicine. |
| legem terrae | the law of the land | |
| leges humanae nascuntur, vivunt, et moriuntur | laws of man are born, live and die | |
| leges sine moribus vanae | laws without morals [are] vain | From Horace’s Odes; motto of the University of Pennsylvania |
| legio patria nostra | The Legion is our fatherland | Motto of the French Foreign Legion |
| legi, intellexi, et condemnavi | I read, understood, and condemned. | |
| legis plenitudo charitas | charity (love) is the fulfilment of the law | Motto of Ratcliffe College, UK and of the Rosmini College, NZ |
| legitime | lawfully | In Roman and civil law, a forced share in an estate; the portion of the decedent’s estate from which the immediate family cannot be disinherited. From the French héritier legitime (rightful heir). |
| lex artis | law of the skill | The rules that regulate a professional duty. |
| lex dei vitae lampas | the law of God is the lamp of life | Motto of the Presbyterian Ladies’ College, Melbourne |
| lex est quodcumque notamus | the law is whatever we write down | Motto of the Chamber of Notaries of Paris.[1] Also lex est quod notamus. |
| lex ferenda | the law that should be borne | The law as it ought to be. |
| lex hac edictali | the law here proclaims | The rule whereby a spouse cannot by deed inter vivos or bequeath by testament to his or her second spouse more than the amount of the smallest portion given or bequeathed to any child. |
| lex in casu | law in the event | A law that only concerns one particular case. See law of the case. |
| lex lata | the law that has been borne | The law as it is. |
| lex loci | law of the place | |
| lex non scripta | law that has not been written | Unwritten law, or common law |
| lex orandi, lex credendi | the law of prayer is the law of faith | |
| lex paciferat | the law shall bring peace | Motto of the European Gendarmerie Force |
| lex parsimoniae | law of succinctness | also known as Occam’s Razor |
| lex rex | the law [is] king | A principle of government advocating a rule by law rather than by men. The phrase originated as a double entendre in the title of Samuel Rutherford’s controversial book Lex, Rex (1644), which espoused a theory of limited government and constitutionalism. |
| lex scripta | written law | Statutory law; contrasted with lex non scripta |
| lex talionis | the law of retaliation | Retributive justice (i.e., eye for an eye) |
| libertas, justitia, veritas | Liberty Justice Truth | Motto of the Korea University and Freie Universität Berlin |
| Libertas perfundet omnia luce | Freedom will flood all things with light | Motto of the University of Barcelona and the Complutense University of Madrid |
| Libertas quae sera tamen | freedom which [is] however late | Liberty even when it comes late; motto of Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| Libertas Securitas Justitia | Liberty Security Justice | Motto of the Frontex |
| libra (lb) | balance; scales | Its abbreviation lb is used as a unit of weight, the pound. |
| lignum crucis arbor scientiae | The wood of the cross is the tree of knowledge | School motto of Denstone College |
| littera scripta manet | The written word endures | Attributed to Horace |
| loco citato (lc) | in the place cited | More fully written in loco citato; see also opere citato |
| locum tenens | place holder | A worker who temporarily takes the place of another with similar qualifications, for example as a doctor or a member of the clergy; usually shortened to locum. |
| locus classicus | a classic place | The most typical or classic case of something; quotation which most typifies its use. |
| locus minoris resistentiae | place of less resistance | A medical term to describe a location on or in a body that offers little resistance to infection, damage, or injury. For example, a weakened place that tends to be reinjured. |
| locus poenitentiae | a place of repentance | A legal term, it is the opportunity of withdrawing from a projected contract, before the parties are finally bound; or of abandoning the intention of committing a crime, before it has been completed. |
| locus standi | A right to stand | Standing in law (the right to have one’s case in court) |
| longissimus dies cito conditur | even the longest day soon ends | Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 9/36:4 |
| lorem ipsum | A garbled version of a passage from Cicero’s De finibus bonorum et malorum, widely used as a sample text for greeking (laying out text in printing before the final text is available). The original passage reads …neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet consectetur adipisci velit… («…nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain…»). | |
| luce veritatis | By the light of truth | School motto of Queen Margaret College |
| luceat lux vestra | Let your light shine | From Matthew Ch. 5 V. 16; popular as a school motto |
| lucem sequimur | We follow the light | Motto of the University of Exeter |
| luceo non uro | I shine, not burn | Motto of the Highland Scots Clan Mackenzie |
| lucida sidera | The shining stars | Horace, Carmina 1/3:2 |
| luctor et emergo | I struggle and emerge | Motto of the Dutch province of Zeeland to denote its battle against the sea, and the Athol Murray College of Notre Dame |
| Luctor, non mergor | ‘I struggle, but am not overwhelmed | Motto of the Glass Family (Sauchie, Scotland)[88] |
| lucus a non lucendo | [it is named] a «grove» because it is not lit | From late 4th-century grammarian Honoratus Maurus, who sought to mock implausible word origins such as those proposed by Priscian. It is a jesting suggestion that since the word lucus (dark grove) has a similar appearance to the verb lucere (to shine), the former word is derived from the latter word because of a lack of light in wooded groves. Often used as an example of absurd etymology, it derives from parum luceat (it does not shine [being darkened by shade]) by Quintilian in Institutio Oratoria. |
| ludemus bene in compania | We play well in groups | Motto of the Barony of Marinus |
| lupus est homo homini | A man to a man is a wolf | Plautus’ adaptation of an old Roman proverb: homo homini lupus est («man is a wolf to [his fellow] man»). In Asinaria, act II, scene IV, verse 89 [495 overall]. Lupus est homo homini, non homo, quom qualis sit non novit («a man to a man is a wolf, not a man, when the other doesn’t know of what character he is.»)[89] |
| lupus in fabula | the wolf in the story | With the meaning «speak of the wolf, and he will come»; from Terence’s play Adelphoe. |
| lupus non mordet lupum | a wolf does not bite a wolf | |
| lupus non timet canem latrantem | a wolf is not afraid of a barking dog | |
| lux aeterna | eternal light | epitaph |
| lux et lex | light and law | Motto of the Franklin & Marshall College and the University of North Dakota |
| lux et veritas | light and truth | A translation of the Hebrew Urim and Thummim. Motto of several institutions, including Yale University. |
| lux ex tenebris | light from darkness | Motto of the 67th Network Warfare Wing |
| lux hominum vita | light the life of man | Motto of the University of New Mexico |
| lux in Domino | light in the Lord | Motto of the Ateneo de Manila University |
| lux in tenebris lucet | The light that shines in the darkness | Motto of Columbia University School of General Studies[90] Also: John 1:5. |
| lux libertas | light and liberty | Motto of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| Lux mentis Lux orbis | Light of the mind, Light of the world | Motto of Sonoma State University |
| lux sit | let there be light | A more literal Latinization of the phrase; the most common translation is fiat lux, from Latin Vulgate Bible phrase chosen for the Genesis line «וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים, יְהִי אוֹר; וַיְהִי-אוֹר» (And God said: ‘Let there be light.’ And there was light). Motto of the University of Washington. |
| lux tua nos ducat | Your light guides us | |
| lux, veritas, virtus | light, truth, courage | Motto of Northeastern University |
| lux, vita, caritas | light, life, love | Motto of St John’s College, Johannesburg |
M[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Macte animo! Generose puer sic itur ad astra | Young, cheer up! This is the way to the skies. | Motto of Academia da Força Aérea (Air Force Academy) of the Brazilian Air Force |
| macte virtute sic itur ad astra | those who excel, thus reach the stars | or «excellence is the way to the stars»; frequent motto; from Virgil’s Aeneid IX.641 (English, Dryden) |
| magister dixit | the teacher has said it | Canonical medieval reference to Aristotle, precluding further discussion |
| magister meus Christus | Christ is my teacher | common Catholic edict and motto of a Catholic private school, Andrean High School in Merrillville, Indiana |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter | Set of documents from 1215 between Pope Innocent III, King John of England, and English barons. |
| magna cum laude | with great praise | Common Latin honor, above cum laude and below summa cum laude |
| magna di curant, parva neglegunt | The gods care about great matters, but they neglect small ones | Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2:167 |
| magna est vis consuetudinis | great is the power of habit | |
| Magna Europa est patria nostra | Greater Europe is Our Fatherland | Political motto of pan-Europeanists |
| magno cum gaudio | with great joy | |
| magnum opus | great work | Said of someone’s masterpiece |
| magnum vectigal est parsimonia | Economy is a great revenue | Cicero, Paradoxa 6/3:49. Sometimes translated into English as «thrift (or frugality) is a great revenue (or income)», edited from its original subordinate clause: «O di immortales! non intellegunt homines, quam magnum vectigal sit parsimonia.» (English: O immortal gods! Men do not understand what a great revenue is thrift.) |
| maior e longinquo reverentia | greater reverence from afar | When viewed from a distance, everything is beautiful. Tacitus, Annales 1.47 |
| maiora premunt | greater things are pressing | Used to indicate that it is the moment to address more important, urgent, issues. |
| mala fide | in bad faith | Said of an act done with knowledge of its illegality, or with intention to defraud or mislead someone. Opposite of bona fide. |
| Mala Ipsa Nova | Bad News Itself | Motto of the inactive 495th Fighter Squadron, US Air Force |
| mala tempora currunt | bad times are upon us | Also used ironically, e.g.: New teachers know all tricks used by pupils to copy from classmates? Oh, mala tempora currunt!. |
| male captus bene detentus | wrongly captured, properly detained | An illegal arrest will not prejudice the subsequent detention/trial. |
| Malo mori quam foedari | Death rather than dishonour | Motto of the inactive 34th Battalion (Australia), the Drimnagh Castle Secondary School |
| Malo periculosam libertatem quam quietam servitutem | I prefer dangerous liberty to peaceful slavery | Attributed to the Count Palatine of Posen before the Polish Diet, cited in The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| malum discordiae | apple of discord | Alludes to the apple of Eris in the Judgement of Paris, the mythological cause of the Trojan War. It is also a pun based on the near-homonymous word malum (evil). The word for «apple» has a long ā vowel in Latin and the word for «evil» a short a vowel, but they are normally written the same. |
| malum in se | wrong in itself | A legal term meaning that something is prohibited because it is inherently wrong (cf. malum prohibitum); for example, murder. |
| malum prohibitum | wrong due to being prohibited | A legal term meaning that something is only wrong because it is against the law (cf. malum in se); for example, violating a speed limit. |
| mandamus | we command | A judicial remedy ordering a lower court, government entity, or public authority to do something (or refrain from doing something) as required by law. |
| malum quo communius eo peius | the more common an evil is, the worse it is | |
| manibus date lilia plenis | give lilies with full hands | A phrase from Virgil’s Aeneid, VI.883, mourning the death of Marcellus, Augustus’ nephew. Quoted by Dante as he leaves Virgil in Purgatory, XXX.21, echoed by Walt Whitman in Leaves of Grass III, 6. |
| manu forte | literally translated means ‘with a strong hand’, often quoted as ‘by strength of hand’ | Motto of the Clan McKay |
| manu militari | with a military hand | Using armed forces in order to achieve a goal |
| manu propria (m.p.) | with one’s own hand | With the implication of «signed by one’s hand». Its abbreviated form is sometimes used at the end of typewritten or printed documents or official notices, directly following the name of the person(s) who «signed» the document exactly in those cases where there isn’t an actual handwritten signature. |
| manus manum lavat | one hand washes the other | famous quote from The Pumpkinification of Claudius, ascribed to Seneca the Younger.[91] It implies that one situation helps the other. |
| manus multae cor unum | many hands, one heart | Motto of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. |
| manus nigra | black hand | |
| marcet sine adversario virtus | valor becomes feeble without an opponent | Seneca the Younger, De Providentia 2:4. Also, translated into English as «[their] strength and courage droop without an antagonist» («Of Providence» (1900) by Seneca, translated by Aubrey Stewart),[92] «without an adversary, prowess shrivels» (Moral Essays (1928) by Seneca, translated by John W, Basore)[93] and «prowess withers without opposition». |
| mare clausum | closed sea | In law, a sea under the jurisdiction of one nation and closed to all others. |
| Mare Ditat, Rosa Decorat | The sea enriches, the rose adorns | Motto of Montrose, Angus and HMS Montrose |
| mare liberum | free sea | In law, a sea open to international shipping navigation. |
| mare nostrum | our sea | A nickname given to the Mediterranean during the height of the Roman Empire, as it encompassed the entire coastal basin. |
| Mater Dei | Mother of God | A name given to describe Mary, who gave birth to Jesus, who is also called the Son of God. |
| mater familias | the mother of the family | The female head of a family. See pater familias. |
| mater lectionis | mother of reading | a consonant used to represent a vowel in writing systems that lack separate vowel characters, such as Hebrew and Arabic script. Translation of Hebrew: אֵם קְרִיאָה ʾem kəriʾa. |
| Mater semper certa est | the mother is always certain | A Roman law principle that the mother of a child is always known, as opposed to the father who may not be known. This principle had the power of praesumptio iuris et de iure (literally «presumption of law and by law»), meaning that no counter-evidence can be made against this principle. |
| materia medica | medical matter | Branch of medical science concerned with the study of drugs used in the treatment of disease. Also, the drugs themselves. |
| maxima debetur puero reverentia | greatest deference is owed to the child | from Juvenal’s Satires XIV:47 |
| me vexat pede | it annoys me at the foot | Less literally, «my foot itches». Refers to a trivial situation or person that is being a bother, possibly in the sense of wishing to kick that thing away or, such as the commonly used expressions, a «pebble in one’s shoe» or «nipping at one’s heels». |
| mea culpa | through my fault | Used in Christian prayers and confession to denote the inherently flawed nature of mankind; can also be extended to mea maxima culpa (through my greatest fault). |
| mea navis aëricumbens anguillis abundat | My hovercraft is full of eels | A relatively common recent Latinization inspired by the Dirty Hungarian Phrasebook sketch by Monty Python. |
| media vita in morte sumus | In the midst of our lives we die | A well-known sequence, falsely attributed to Notker during the Middle Ages. It was translated by Cranmer and became a part of the burial service in the funeral rites of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. |
| Mediolanum captum est | Milan has been captured | Used erroneously as Mediolanum Capta Est by the black metal band Mayhem as an album title. Mediolanum was an ancient city in present-day Milan, Italy. |
| Melius abundare quam deficere | Better too much than not enough. | Also used in elliptical form as melius abundare. |
| meliora | better things | Carrying the connotation of «always better». The motto of the University of Rochester. |
| Meliorare legem meliorare vitam est | To improve the law is to improve life. | The motto of the Salem/Roanoke County, Virginia Bar Association. |
| Meliorem lapsa locavit | He has planted one better than the one fallen. | The motto of the Belmont County, Ohio, and the motto in the seal of the Northwest Territory |
| Melita, domi adsum | Honey, I’m home! | A relatively common recent Latinization from the joke phrasebook Latin for All Occasions. Grammatically correct, but the phrase would be anachronistic in ancient Rome. |
| memento mori | remember that [you will] die | remember your mortality; medieval Latin based on «memento moriendum esse» in antiquity.[94] |
| memento vivere | remember to live | |
| meminerunt omnia amantes | lovers remember all | |
| memores acti prudentes futuri | mindful of things done, aware of things to come | Thus, both remembering the past and foreseeing the future. From the North Hertfordshire District Council coat of arms. |
| Memoriae Sacrum (M.S.) | Sacred to the
Memory (of …) |
A common first line on 17th-century English church monuments. The Latinized name of the deceased follows, in the genitive case. Alternatively it may be used as a heading, the inscription following being in English, for example: «Memoriae Sacrum. Here lies the body of …» |
| mens agitat molem | the mind moves the mass | From Virgil; motto of several educational institutions |
| Mens conscia recti | a mind aware of what is right | Motto of The College Preparatory School in Oakland, CA |
| mens et manus | mind and hand | Motto of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York Institute of Technology, and also of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. |
| mens rea | guilty mind | Also «culprit mind». A term used in discussing the mindset of an accused criminal. |
| mens sana in corpore sano | a sound mind in a sound body | Or «a sensible mind in a healthy body». Satire X of the Roman poet Juvenal (10.356). Motto of Carlton Football Club. |
| metri causa | for the sake of the metre | Excusing flaws in poetry «for the sake of the metre» |
| Miles Gloriosus | Glorious Soldier | Or «Boastful Soldier». Miles Gloriosus is the title of a play of Plautus. A stock character in comedy, the braggart soldier. (It is said that at Salamanca, there is a wall, on which graduates inscribe their names, where Francisco Franco had a plaque installed reading «Franciscus Francus Miles Gloriosus».) |
| miles praesidii libertatis | Soldier of the Bastion of Freedom | A phrase on the plaque in commemoration of Prof. Benjamin Marius Telders, Academiegebouw Leiden [nl] (Netherlands). |
| mictus cruentus | bloody urine | see hematuria |
| minatur innocentibus qui parcit nocentibus | he threatens the innocent who spares the guilty | |
| mirabile dictu | wonderful to tell | Virgil |
| mirabile visu | wonderful to see | A Roman phrase used to describe a wonderful event/happening. |
| mirum videtur quod sit factum iam diu | Does it seem wonderful [merely] because it was done a long time/so long ago? | Livius Andronicus, Aiax Mastigophorus. |
| miscerique probat populos et foedera jungi | He approves of the mingling of the peoples and their bonds of union | Latin Aeneid of Virgil, Book IV, line 112, «he» referring to the great Roman god, who approved of the settlement of Romans in Africa. Old Motto of Trinidad and Tobago, and used in the novel A Bend in the River by V. S. Naipaul. |
| misera est servitus ubi jus est aut incognitum aut vagum | miserable is that state of slavery in which the law is unknown or uncertain | Quoted by Samuel Johnson in his paper for James Boswell on Vicious intromission. |
| miserabile visu | terrible to see | A terrible happening or event. |
| miseram pacem vel bello bene mutari | A bad peace is even worse than war. | From Tacitus’ Annales, III, 44. |
| miserere nobis | have mercy upon us | A phrase within the Gloria in Excelsis Deo and the Agnus Dei, to be used at certain points in Christian religious ceremonies. |
| Missio Dei | the Mission of God | A theological phrase in the Christian religion. |
| missit me Dominus | the Lord has sent me | A phrase used by Jesus. |
| mittimus | we send | A warrant of commitment to prison, or an instruction for a jailer to hold someone in prison. |
| mobilis in mobili | «moving in a moving thing» or, poetically, «changing through the changing medium» | The motto of the Nautilus from the Jules Verne novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. |
| modus operandi (M.O.) | method of operating | Usually used to describe a criminal’s methods. |
| modus ponens | method of placing | Loosely «method of affirming», a logical rule of inference stating that from propositions if P then Q and P, then one can conclude Q. |
| modus tollens | method of removing | Loosely «method of denying», a logical rule of inference stating that from propositions if P then Q and not Q, then one can conclude not P. |
| modus vivendi | method of living or way of life | An accommodation between disagreeing parties to allow life to go on. A practical compromise. |
| Monasterium sine libris est sicut civitas sine opibus | A monastery without books is like a city without wealth | Used in the Umberto Eco novel The Name of the Rose. Part of a much larger phrase: Monasterium sine libris, est sicut civitas sine opibus, castrum sine numeris, coquina sine suppellectili, mensa sine cibis, hortus sine herbis, pratum sine floribus, arbor sine foliis. Translation: A monastery without books is like a city without wealth, a fortress without soldiers, a kitchen without utensils, a table without food, a garden without plants, a meadow without flowers, a tree without leaves. |
| montani semper liberi | mountaineers [are] always free | State motto of West Virginia, adopted in 1872; part of the coat of arms for the Colombian city of Bucaramanga. |
| Montis Insignia Calpe | Badge of the Mons Calpe (Rock of Gibraltar) | A self-referential literal identifier below the emblem |
| morbus virgineus | Disease of the virgins or Virgin’s disease | Hypochromic anemia, an iron deficiency anemia common in young women[95] |
| more ferarum | like beasts | used to describe any sexual act in the manner of beasts |
| more suo | in his/her/its/their usual way | |
| morior invictus | I die unvanquished[96] | sometimes also translated as «death before defeat»[96] |
| morituri nolumus mori | we who are about to die don’t want to | From Terry Pratchett’s The Last Hero, an effective parody on Morituri te salutamus/salutant |
| morituri te salutant | those who are about to die salute you | Used once in Suetonius’ De Vita Caesarum 5, (Divus Claudius), chapter 21,[97] by the condemned prisoners manning galleys about to take part in a mock naval battle on Lake Fucinus in AD 52. Popular misconception ascribes it as a gladiator’s salute. See also: Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant and Naumachia. |
| mors certa, hora incerta | death is certain, its hour is uncertain | |
| mors mihi lucrum | death to me is reward | A common epitaph, from St Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians, 1:21 (Mihi enim vivere Christus est et mori lucrum, translated in the King James Bible as: «For to me to live is Christ and to die is gain») |
| mors omnibus | death to all | Signifies anger and depression. |
| mors tua, vita mea | your death, my life | From medieval Latin, it indicates that battle for survival, where your defeat is necessary for my victory, survival. |
| mors vincit omnia | «death conquers all» or «death always wins» | An axiom often found on headstones. |
| morte magis metuenda senectus | old age should rather be feared than death | from Juvenal in his Satires |
| mortui vivos docent | The dead teach the living | Used to justify dissections of human cadavers in order to understand the cause of death. |
| mortuum flagellas | you are flogging a dead (man) | From Gerhard Gerhards’ (1466–1536) [better known as Erasmus] collection of annotated Adagia (1508). Criticising one who will not be affected in any way by the criticism. |
| mos maiorum | the custom of our ancestors | an unwritten code of laws and conduct, of the Romans. It institutionalized cultural traditions, societal mores, and general policies, as distinct from written laws. |
| motu proprio | on his own initiative | Or «by his own accord.» Identifies a class of papal documents, administrative papal bulls. |
| mulgere hircum | to milk a male goat | From Gerhard Gerhards’ (1466–1536) [better known as Erasmus] collection of annotated Adagia (1508). Attempting the impossible. |
| mulier est hominis confusio | woman is man’s ruin | «Part of a comic definition of woman» from the Altercatio Hadriani Augusti et Secundi.[98] Famously quoted by Chauntecleer in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. |
| multa paucis | Say much in few words | |
| multis e gentibus vires | from many peoples, strength | Motto of Saskatchewan |
| multitudo sapientium sanitas orbis | a multitude of the wise is the health of the world | From the Vulgate, Wisdom of Solomon 6:24. Motto of the University of Victoria. |
| multum in parvo | much in little | Conciseness. The term «mipmap» is formed using the phrase’s abbreviation «MIP»; motto of Rutland, a county in central England. Latin phrases are often multum in parvo, conveying much in few words. |
| mundus senescit | the world grows old | |
| mundus vult decipi | the world wants to be deceived | Ascribed to Roman satirist Petronius. Also in Augustine of Hippo’s De Civitate Dei contra Paganos (5th century AD), Sebastian Franck’s Paradoxa Ducenta Octoginta (1542), and in James Branch Cabell’s 1921 novel Figures of Earth.[99][100][101][102] |
| mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur | the world wants to be deceived, so let it be deceived | Ascribed to Roman satirist Petronius. Also in Augustine of Hippo’s De Civitate Dei contra Paganos (5th century AD) as «si mundus vult decipi, decipiatur» («if the world will be gulled, let it be gulled»), and only the first part, «mundus vult decipi» («the world wants to be deceived»), in Sebastian Franck’s Paradoxa Ducenta Octoginta (1542) and in James Branch Cabell’s Figures of Earth (1921).[99][100][101][102] |
| munit haec et altera vincit | this one defends and the other one conquers | Motto of Nova Scotia. |
| mutata lex non perit | the law that does not evolve dies | Motto of Seneca the Younger |
| mutatis mutandis | after changing what needed to be changed | «with the appropriate changes» |
| mutato nomine de te fabula narratur | change but the name, and the story is told of yourself | Horace, Satires, I. 1. 69. Preceded by Quid rides? («Why do you laugh?»; see Quid rides). |
N[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| nanos gigantum humeris insidentes | Dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants | First recorded by John of Salisbury in the twelfth century and attributed to Bernard of Chartres. Also commonly known by the letters of Isaac Newton: «If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants». |
| nascentes morimur finisque ab origine pendet | When we are born we die, our end is but the pendant of our beginning | |
| nasciturus pro iam nato habetur, quotiens de commodis eius agitur | The unborn is deemed to have been born to the extent that his own inheritance is concerned | Refers to a situation where an unborn child is deemed to be entitled to certain inheritance rights. |
| natura abhorret a vacuo | nature abhors vacuum | Pseudo-explanation for why a liquid will climb up a tube to fill a vacuum, often given before the discovery of atmospheric pressure. |
| natura artis magistra | Nature is the teacher of art | The name of the zoo in the centre of Amsterdam; short: «Artis». |
| natura nihil frustra facit | nature does nothing in vain | Cf. Aristotle: «οὐθὲν γάρ, ὡς φαμέν, μάτην ἡ φύσις ποιεῖ» (Politics I 2, 1253a9) and Leucippus: «Everything that happens does so for a reason and of necessity.» |
| natura non contristatur | nature is not saddened | That is, the natural world is not sentimental or compassionate. Derived by Arthur Schopenhauer from an earlier source. |
| natura non facit saltum ita nec lex | nature does not make a leap, thus neither does the law | Shortened form of «sicut natura nil facit per saltum ita nec lex» (just as nature does nothing by a leap, so neither does the law), referring to both nature and the legal system moving gradually. |
| natura non facit saltus | nature makes no leaps | A famous aphorism of Carl Linnaeus stating that all organisms bear relationships on all sides, their forms changing gradually from one species to the next. From Philosophia Botanica (1751). |
| natura valde simplex est et sibi consona | Nature is exceedingly simple and harmonious with itself | Sir Isaac Newton’s famous quote, defining foundation of all modern sciences. Can be found in his Unpublished Scientific Papers of Isaac Newton: A selection from the Portsmouth Collection in the University Library, Cambridge, 1978 edition[103] |
| naturalia non sunt turpia | What is natural is not dirty | Based on Servius’ commentary on Virgil’s Georgics (3:96): «turpis non est quia per naturam venit.» |
| naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. | You may drive out Nature with a pitchfork, yet she still will hurry back | You must take the basic nature of something into account. – Horace, Epistles, Book I, epistle X, line 24. |
| navigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse | to sail is necessary; to live is not necessary | Attributed by Plutarch to Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, who, during a severe storm, commanded sailors to bring food from Africa to Rome. Translated from Plutarch’s Greek «πλεῖν ἀνάγκη, ζῆν οὐκ ἀνάγκη». |
| ne plus ultra | nothing more beyond | Also nec plus ultra or non plus ultra. A descriptive phrase meaning the best or most extreme example of something. The Pillars of Hercules, for example, were literally the nec plus ultra of the ancient Mediterranean world. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V’s heraldic emblem reversed this idea, using a depiction of this phrase inscribed on the Pillars – as plus ultra, without the negation. The Boston Musical Instrument Company engraved ne plus ultra on its instruments from 1869 to 1928 to signify that none were better. Non plus ultra is the motto of the Spanish exclave Melilla. |
| ne puero gladium | do not give a sword to a boy | Never give dangerous tools to someone who is untrained to use them or too immature to understand the damage they can do. |
| ne supra crepidam sutor iudicaret | a shoemaker should not judge beyond the shoe | see Sutor, ne ultra crepidam |
| ne te quaesiveris extra | do not seek outside yourself | line from the Roman satirist Persius inscribed on the boulder to the right of Sir John Suckling in the painting of the aforementioned subject by Sir Anthony van Dyck (ca. 1638) and invoked by Ralph Waldo Emerson at the opening of his essay Self-Reliance (1841) |
| Nec aspera terrent | They are not terrified of the rough things | They are not afraid of difficulties. Less literally «Difficulties be damned.» Motto for 27th Infantry Regiment (United States) and the Duke of Lancaster’s Regiment. Nec = not; aspera = rough ones/things; terrent = they terrify / do terrify / are terrifying. |
| Nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus (inciderit) | That a god not intervene, unless a knot show up that be worthy of such an untangler | «When the miraculous power of God is necessary, let it be resorted to: when it is not necessary, let the ordinary means be used.» From Horace’s Ars Poetica as a caution against deus ex machina. |
| nec dextrorsum, nec sinistrorsum | Neither to the right nor to the left | Do not get distracted. Motto for Bishop Cotton Boys’ School and the Bishop Cotton Girls’ School, both located in Bangalore, India. |
| nec spe, nec metu | without hope, without fear | |
| nec tamen consumebatur | and yet it was not consumed | Refers to the Burning Bush of Exodus 3:2. Motto of many Presbyterian churches throughout the world. |
| nec temere, nec timide | neither reckless nor timid | Motto of the Dutch 11th Air Manoeuvre Brigade and the city of Gdańsk, Poland |
| nec vi, nec clam, nec precario | Without permission, without secrecy, without interruption | The law of adverse possession |
| neca eos omnes, Deus suos agnoscet | kill them all, God will know his own | alternate rendition of Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius. by Arnaud Amalric |
| necesse est aut imiteris aut oderis | you must either imitate or loathe the world | Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, 7:7 |
| necesse est credere unam tantum esse potentiam absolutam | It is necessary to believe that there is only one absolute power | |
| necessitas etiam timidos fortes facit | need makes even the timid brave | Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline, 58:19 |
| nemine contradicente (nem. con., N.C.D.) | with no one speaking against | Less literally, «without dissent». Used especially in committees, where a matter may be passed nem. con., or unanimously, or with unanimous consent. |
| nemo contra Deum nisi Deus ipse | No one against God except God himself | From Goethe’s autobiography From my Life: Poetry and Truth, p. 598 |
| nemo dat quod non habet | no one gives what he does not have | Thus, «none can pass better title than they have» |
| nemo est supra legem | nobody is above the law; or nemo est supra leges, nobody is above the laws | |
| Nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit | No great man ever existed who did not enjoy some portion of divine inspiration | From Cicero’s De Natura Deorum, Book 2, chapter LXVI, 167[104] |
| nemo iudex in causa sua | no man shall be a judge in his own cause | Legal principle that no individual can preside over a hearing in which he holds a specific interest or bias |
| nemo malus felix | peace visits not the guilty mind | Also translated to «no rest for the wicked.» Refers to the inherent psychological issues that plague bad/guilty people. |
| nemo me impune lacessit | No one provokes me with impunity | Motto of the Order of the Thistle, and consequently of Scotland, found stamped on the milled edge of certain British pound sterling coins. It is the motto of the Montressors in the Edgar Allan Poe short story «The Cask of Amontillado». Motto of the San Beda College Beta Sigma Fraternity. |
| nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit | No mortal is wise at all times | The wisest may make mistakes. |
| nemo nisi per amicitiam cognoscitur | No one learns except by friendship | Used to imply that one must like a subject in order to study it. |
| nemo propheta in patria (sua) | no man is a prophet in his own land | Concept present in all four Gospels (Matthew 13:57; Mark 6:4; Luke 4:24; John 4:44). |
| nemo saltat sobrius | Nobody dances sober | The short and more common form of Nemo enim fere saltat sobrius, nisi forte insanit, «Nobody dances sober, unless he happens to be insane,» a quote from Cicero (from the speech Pro Murena). |
| nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare | no one is bound to accuse himself (the right to silence) | A maxim banning mandatory self-incrimination. Near-synonymous with accusare nemo se debet nisi coram Deo. Similar phrases include: nemo tenetur armare adversarium contra se (no one is bound to arm an opponent against himself), meaning that a defendant is not obligated to in any way assist the prosecutor to his own detriment; nemo tenetur edere instrumenta contra se (no one is bound to produce documents against himself, meaning that a defendant is not obligated to provide materials to be used against himself (this is true in Roman law and has survived in modern criminal law, but no longer applies in modern civil law); and nemo tenere prodere se ipsum (no one is bound to betray himself), meaning that a defendant is not obligated to testify against himself. |
| neque semper arcum tendit Apollo | nor does Apollo always keep his bow drawn | Horace, Carmina 2/10:19-20. The same image appears in a fable of Phaedrus. |
| Ne quid nimis | Nothing in excess | |
| nervos belli, pecuniam infinitam | Endless money forms the sinews of war | In war, it is essential to be able to purchase supplies and to pay troops (as Napoleon put it, «An army marches on its stomach»). |
| nihil ad rem | nothing to do with the point | That is, in law, irrelevant and/or inconsequential. |
| nihil boni sine labore | nothing achieved without hard work | Motto of Palmerston North Boys’ High School |
| nihil dicit | he says nothing | In law, a declination by a defendant to answer charges or put in a plea. |
| nihil enim lacrima citius arescit | nothing dries sooner than a tear | Pseudo-Cicero, Ad Herrenium, 2/31:50 |
| nihil humanum mihi alienum | nothing human is alien to me | Adapted from Terence’s Heauton Timorumenos (The Self-Tormentor), homo sum humani a me nihil alienum puto («I am a human being; nothing human is strange to me»). Sometimes ending in est. |
| nihil in intellectu nisi prius in sensu | nothing in the intellect unless first in sense | The guiding principle of empiricism, and accepted in some form by Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Leibniz, however, added nisi intellectus ipse (except the intellect itself). |
| nihil nimis | nothing too | Or nothing to excess. Latin translation of the inscription of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. |
| nihil novi | nothing of the new | Or just «nothing new». The phrase exists in two versions: as nihil novi sub sole (nothing new under the sun), from the Vulgate, and as nihil novi nisi commune consensu (nothing new unless by the common consensus), a 1505 law of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and one of the cornerstones of its Golden Liberty. |
| nihil obstat | nothing prevents | A notation, usually on a title page, indicating that a Roman Catholic censor has reviewed the book and found nothing objectionable to faith or morals in its content. See also imprimatur. |
| nihil sine Deo | nothing without God | Motto of the Kingdom of Romania, while ruled by the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty (1878–1947). |
| nihil ultra | nothing beyond | Motto of St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta |
| nil admirari | be surprised at nothing | Or «nihil admirari». Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes (3,30), Horace, Epistulae (1,6,1), and Seneca, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, (8,5). Motto of the Fitzgibbon family. See John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare |
| nil desperandum | nothing must be despaired at | That is, «never despair». |
| nil igitur fieri de nilo posse fatendumst | nothing, therefore, we must confess, can be made from nothing | From Lucretius’ De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things), I.205 |
| Nil igitur mors est ad nos | Death, therefore, is nothing to us | From Lucretius’ De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things), III.831 |
| nil mortalibus ardui est | nothing is impossible for humankind | From Horace’s Odes. Motto of Rathkeale College, New Zealand and Brunts School, England. |
| nil nisi bonum | (about the dead say) nothing unless (it is) good | Short for nil nisi bonum de mortuis dicere. That is, «Don’t speak ill of anyone who has died». Also Nil magnum nisi bonum (nothing is great unless good), motto of St Catherine’s School, Toorak, Pennant Hills High School and Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary School. |
| nil nisi malis terrori | no terror, except to the bad | Motto of The King’s School, Macclesfield |
| nil per os, rarely non per os (n.p.o.) | nothing through the mouth | Medical shorthand indicating that oral foods and fluids should be withheld from the patient. |
| nil satis nisi optimum | nothing [is] enough unless [it is] the best | Motto of Everton F.C., residents of Goodison Park, Liverpool. |
| nil sine labore | nothing without labour | Motto of many schools |
| nil sine numine | nothing without the divine will | Or «nothing without providence». State motto of Colorado, adopted in 1861. Probably derived from Virgil’s Aeneid Book II, line 777, «non haec sine numine divum eveniunt» (these things do not come to pass without the will of Heaven). See also numen. |
| nil volentibus arduum | Nothing [is] arduous for the willing | Nothing is impossible for the willing |
| nisi Dominus frustra | if not the Lord, [it is] in vain | That is, «everything is in vain without God». Summarized from Psalm 127 (126 Vulgate), nisi Dominus aedificaverit domum in vanum laboraverunt qui aedificant eam nisi Dominus custodierit civitatem frustra vigilavit qui custodit (unless the Lord builds the house, they work on a useless thing who build it; unless the Lord guards the community, he keeps watch in vain who guards it); widely used motto. |
| nisi paria non pugnant | it takes two to make a fight | Irascetur aliquis: tu contra beneficiis prouoca; cadit statim simultas ab altera parte deserta; nisi paria non pugnant. (If any one is angry with you, meet his anger by returning benefits for it: a quarrel which is only taken up on one side falls to the ground: it takes two men to fight.) Seneca the Younger, De Ira (On Anger): Book 2, cap. 34, line 5. |
| nisi prius | unless previously | In England, a direction that a case be brought up to Westminster for trial before a single judge and jury. In the United States, a court where civil actions are tried by a single judge sitting with a jury, as distinguished from an appellate court. |
| nitimur in vetitum | We strive for the forbidden | From Ovid’s Amores, III.4:17. It means that when we are denied of something, we will eagerly pursue the denied thing. Used by Friedrich Nietzsche in his Ecce Homo to indicate that his philosophy pursues what is forbidden to other philosophers. |
| nobis bene, nemini male | Good for us, Bad for no one | Inscription on the old Nobistor [de] gatepost that divided Altona and St. Pauli |
| nolens volens | unwilling, willing | That is, «whether unwillingly or willingly». Sometimes rendered volens nolens, aut nolens aut volens or nolentis volentis. Similar to willy-nilly, though that word is derived from Old English will-he nil-he ([whether] he will or [whether] he will not). |
| noli me tangere | do not touch me | Commonly translated «touch me not». According to the Gospel of John, this was said by Jesus to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection. |
| noli turbare circulos meos | Do not disturb my circles! | That is, «Don’t upset my calculations!» Said by Archimedes to a Roman soldier who, despite having been given orders not to, killed Archimedes at the conquest of Syracuse, Sicily. |
| nolle prosequi | to be unwilling to prosecute | A legal motion by a prosecutor or other plaintiff to drop legal charges, usually in exchange for a diversion program or out-of-court settlement. |
| nolo contendere | I do not wish to contend | That is, «no contest». A plea that can be entered on behalf of a defendant in a court that states that the accused doesn’t admit guilt, but will accept punishment for a crime. Nolo contendere pleas cannot be used as evidence in another trial. |
| nomen amicitiae sic, quatenus expedit, haeret | the name of friendship lasts just so long as it is profitable | Petronius, Satyricon, 80. |
| nomen dubium | doubtful name | A scientific name of unknown or doubtful application. |
| nomen est omen | the name is a sign | Thus, «true to its name». |
| nomen nescio (N.N.) | I do not know the name | Thus, the name or person in question is unknown. |
| nomen mysticum | secret members’ name in some organizations[105] | |
| nomen nudum | naked name | A purported scientific name that does not fulfill the proper formal criteria and therefore cannot be used unless it is subsequently proposed correctly. |
| non Angli sed angeli, si forent Christiani | They are not Angles, but angels, if they were Christian | A pun, ascribed (in a different wording) by Bede to Pope Gregory I, said to have been uttered by the latter on seeing pale-skinned Angle children at a slave market. |
| non auro, sed ferro, recuperanda est patria | Not with gold, but with iron must the fatherland be reclaimed | According to some Roman this sentence was said by Marcus Furius Camillus to Brennus, the chief of the Gauls, after he demanded more gold from the citizens of the recently sacked Rome in 390 BC. |
| non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro | liberty is not well sold for all the gold | Motto of Republic of Ragusa, inscribed over the gates of St. Lawrence Fortress. From Gualterus Anglicus’s version of Aesop’s fable «The Dog and the Wolf». |
| non bis in idem | not twice in the same thing | A legal principle forbidding double jeopardy. |
| non canimus surdis, respondent omnia silvae | we sing not to the deaf; the trees echo every word | Virgil, Eclogues 10:8 |
| non causa pro causa | not the cause for the cause | Also known as the «questionable cause» or «false cause». Refers to any logical fallacy where a cause is incorrectly identified. |
| non compos mentis | not in control of the mind | See compos mentis. Also rendered non compos sui (not in control of himself). Samuel Johnson theorized that the word nincompoop may derive from this phrase. |
| non constat | it is not certain | Used to explain scientific phenomena and religious advocations, for example in medieval history, for rulers to issue a ‘Non Constat’ decree, banning the worship of a holy figure. In legal context, occasionally a backing for nulling information that was presented by an attorney. Without any tangible proof, Non constat information is difficult to argue for. |
| non ducor, duco | I am not led; I lead | Motto of São Paulo city, Brazil. See also pro Brasilia fiant eximia. |
| non est factum | it is not [my] deed | a doctrine in contract law that allows a signing party to escape performance of the agreement. A claim of «non est factum» means that the signature on the contract was signed by mistake, without knowledge of its meaning, but was not done so negligently. A successful plea would make the contract void ab initio. |
| non est princeps super leges, sed leges supra principem | the prince is not above the laws, but the law is above the prince. | Pliny the Younger, Panegyricus 65:1. |
| non extinguetur | shall not be extinguished | Motto of the Society of Antiquaries of London accompanying their Lamp of knowledge emblem |
| non facias malum ut inde fiat bonum | you should not make evil in order that good may be made from it | More simply, «don’t do wrong to do right». The direct opposite of the phrase «the ends justify the means». |
| non hos quaesitum munus in usus | A gift sought for no such purpose | Virgil, Aeneid, 4:647, of the sword with which Dido will commit suicide. «Not for so dire an enterprise design’d.» (Dryden trans.; 1697)[106] «A gift asked for no use like this.» (Mackail trans.; 1885).[107] «Ne’er given for an end so dire.» (Taylor trans.; 1907)[108] «A gift not asked for use like this!» (Williams trans.; 1910).[109] Quoted by Francis Bacon of the civil law, «not made for the countries it governeth». |
| non impediti ratione cogitationis | unencumbered by the thought process | motto of radio show Car Talk |
| non in legendo sed in intelligendo leges consistunt | the laws depend not on being read, but on being understood | |
| non licet omnibus adire Corinthum | not everyone can go to Corinth | The legendary pleasures of Corinth were also quite expensive. Used to refer to anything that not everyone can afford or have the chance to do. |
| non liquet | it is not proven | Also «it is not clear» or «it is not evident». A sometimes controversial decision handed down by a judge when they feel that the law is not complete. |
| non loqui sed facere | not talk but action | Motto of the University of Western Australia’s Engineering faculty student society. |
| non mihi solum | not for myself alone | Motto of Anderson Junior College, Singapore. |
| non ministrari sed ministrare | not to be served, but to serve | Motto of Wellesley College and Shimer College (from Matthew 20:28 in the Vulgate). |
| non multa sed multum | not quantity but quality | Motto of the Daniel Pearl Magnet High School. |
| non nisi parendo vincitur | [Nature] cannot be conquered except by being obeyed | From Francis Bacon’s Cogitata et visa. |
| Non nobis Domine | Not to us (oh) Lord | Christian hymn based on Psalm 115. |
| non nobis nati | ‘Born not for ourselves’ | Motto of St Albans School (Hertfordshire) |
| non nobis solum | not for ourselves alone | Appears in Cicero’s De Officiis Book 1:22 in the form non nobis solum nati sumus (we are not born for ourselves alone). Motto of Lower Canada College, Montreal and University College, Durham University, and Willamette University. |
| non numerantur, sed ponderantur | they are not counted, but weighed | Old saying. Paul Erdős (1913–1996), in The Man Who Loved Only Numbers by Paul Hoffman[110] |
| non obstante veredicto | not standing in the way of a verdict | A judgment notwithstanding verdict, a legal motion asking the court to reverse the jury’s verdict on the grounds that the jury could not have reached such a verdict reasonably. |
| non olet | it doesn’t smell | See pecunia non olet. |
| non omnia possumus omnest | not everyone can do everything | Virgil, Eclogues 8:63 (and others). |
| non omnis moriar | I shall not all die | Horace, Carmina 3/30:6. «Not all of me will die», a phrase expressing the belief that a part of the speaker will survive beyond death. |
| non plus ultra | nothing further beyond | the ultimate. See also ‘ne plus ultra’ |
| non possumus | we cannot | |
| non possunt primi esse omnes omni in tempore | not everyone can occupy the first rank forever | (It is impossible always to excel) Decimus Laberius. |
| non progredi est regredi | to not go forward is to go backward | |
| non prosequitur | he does not proceed | A judgment in favor of a defendant when the plaintiff failed to take the necessary steps in an action within the time allowed. |
| non qui parum habet, sed qui plus cupit, pauper est | It is not he who has little, but he who wants more, who is the pauper. | Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, 2:6. |
| non quis sed quid | not who but what | Used in the sense «what matters is not who says it but what he says» – a warning against ad hominem arguments; frequently used as motto, including that of Southwestern University. |
| non satis scire | to know is not enough | Motto of Hampshire College |
| non scholae sed vitae | [We learn] not for school but for life | An inversion of non vitae sed scholae now used as a school motto |
| non sequitur | it does not follow | In general, a comment which is absurd due to not making sense in its context (rather than due to being inherently nonsensical or internally inconsistent), often used in humor. As a logical fallacy, a conclusion that does not follow from a premise. |
| non serviam | I will not serve | Possibly derived from a Vulgate mistranslation of the Book of Jeremiah. Commonly used in literature as Satan’s statement of disobedience to God, though in the original context the quote is attributed to Israel, not Satan. |
| non sibi | Not for self | A slogan used by many schools and universities. |
| non sibi, sed patriae | Not for self, but for country | Engraved on the doors of the United States Naval Academy chapel; motto of the USS Halyburton (FFG-40). |
| non sibi, sed suis | Not for one’s self but for one’s own | A slogan used by many schools and universities. |
| non sibi, sed omnibus | Not for one’s self but for all | A slogan used by many schools and universities. |
| non sic dormit, sed vigilat | Sleeps not but is awake | Martin Luther on mortality of the soul. |
| non silba, sed anthar; Deo vindice | Not for self, but for others; God will vindicate | A slogan used by the Ku Klux Klan. Note that this is not accurate Latin but rather a mixture of Latin and Gothic[111] |
| non sum qualis eram | I am not such as I was | Or «I am not the kind of person I once was». Expresses a change in the speaker. Horace, Odes 4/1:3. |
| non teneas aurum totum quod splendet ut aurum | Do not hold as gold all that shines as gold | Also, «All that glitters is not gold.» Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice. |
| non timebo mala | I will fear no evil | It is possibly a reference to Psalm 23. Printed on the Colt in Supernatural. |
| non vestra sed vos | Not yours but you | Motto of St Chad’s College, Durham. |
| non vitae sed scholae | [We learn] not for life but for schooltime | From a passage of occupatio in Seneca the Younger’s moral letters to Lucilius,[112] wherein Lucilius is given the argument that too much literature fails to prepare students for life |
| non vi, sed verbo | Not by force, but by the word [of God] | From Martin Luther’s «Invocavit Sermons» preached in March, 1522, against the Zwickau prophets unrest in Wittenberg;[113] later echoed in the Augsburg Confession as …sine vi humana, sed Verbo: bishops should act «without human force, but through the Word».[114] |
| nosce te ipsum | know thyself | From Cicero, based on the Greek γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnothi seauton), inscribed on the pronaos of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, according to the Greek periegetic writer Pausanias (10.24.1). A non-traditional Latin rendering, temet nosce (thine own self know), is translated in The Matrix as «know thyself». |
| noscitur a sociis | a word is known by the company it keeps | In statutory interpretation, when a word is ambiguous, its meaning may be determined by reference to the rest of the statute. |
| noster nostri | Literally «Our ours» | Approximately «Our hearts beat as one.» |
| nota bene (n.b.) | mark well | That is, «please note» or «note it well». |
| novus ordo seclorum | new order of the ages | From Virgil. Motto on the Great Seal of the United States. Similar to Novus Ordo Mundi (New World Order). |
| nulla dies sine linea | Not a day without a line drawn | Pliny the Elder attributes this maxim to Apelles, an ancient Greek artist. |
| nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo | No day shall erase you from the memory of time | From Virgil’s Aeneid, Book IX, line 447, on the episode of Nisus and Euryalus. |
| nulla poena sine lege | no penalty without a law | Refers to the legal principle that one cannot be punished for doing something that is not prohibited by law, and is related to Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali. |
| nulla quaestio | there is no question, there is no issue | |
| nulla tenaci invia est via | For the tenacious, no road is impassable | Motto of the Dutch car builder Spyker. |
| nullam rem natam | no thing born | That is, «nothing». It has been theorized that this expression is the origin of Italian nulla, French rien, and Spanish and Portuguese nada, all with the same meaning. |
| nulli secundus | second to none | Motto of the Coldstream Guards and Nine Squadron Royal Australian Corps of Transport and the Pretoria Armour Regiment. |
| nullius in verba | On the word of no man | Motto of the Royal Society. |
| nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali | no crime, no punishment without a previous penal law | Legal principle meaning that one cannot be penalised for doing something that is not prohibited by law; penal law cannot be enacted retroactively. |
| nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit | There has been no great wisdom without an element of madness | |
| numen lumen | God our light | The motto of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The motto of Elon University. |
| numerus clausus | closed number | A method to limit the number of students who may study at a university. |
| nunc aut nunquam | now or never | Motto of the Korps Commandotroepen, Dutch elite special forces. |
| nunc dimittis | now you send | beginning of the Song of Simeon, from the Gospel of Luke. |
| nunc est bibendum | now is the time to drink | Carpe-Diem-type phrase from the Odes of Horace, Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libero pulsanda tellus (Now is the time to drink, now the time to dance footloose upon the earth). Used as a slogan by Michelin and the origin of the Michelin Man’s name Bibendum. |
| nunc pro tunc | now for then | Something that has retroactive effect, is effective from an earlier date. |
| nunc scio quid sit amor | now I know what love is | From Virgil, Eclogues VIII. |
| nunquam minus solus quam cum solus | never less alone than when alone | |
| nunquam non paratus | never unprepared, ever ready, always ready | frequently used as motto, e.g. for the Scottish Clan Johnstone, where it is anglicized as «Ready, Aye, Ready»[115] |
| nunquam obliviscar | never forget |
O[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| O Deus ego amo te | O God I Love You | attributed to Saint Francis Xavier |
| O fortunatos nimium sua si bona norint, agricolas | The farmers would count themselves lucky, if only they knew how good they had it | from Virgil in Georgics II, 458 |
| o homines ad servitutem paratos | Men ready to be slaves! | attributed (in Tacitus, Annales, III, 65) to the Roman Emperor Tiberius, in disgust at the servile attitude of Roman senators; said of those who should be leaders but instead slavishly follow the lead of others |
| O tempora, o mores! | Oh, the times! Oh, the morals! | also translated «What times! What customs!»; from Cicero, Catilina I, 2 |
| O Tite tute Tati tibi tanta tyranne tulisti | O tyrant Titus Tatius, what terrible calamities you brought onto yourself! | from Quintus Ennius, Annales (104), considered an example of a Latin tongue-twister |
| Obedientia civium urbis felicitas | The obedience of the citizens makes us a happy city | Motto of Dublin |
| obiit (ob.) | one died | «He/she died», inscription on gravestones; ob. also sometimes stands for obiter (in passing or incidentally) |
| obit anis, abit onus | The old woman dies, the burden is lifted | Arthur Schopenhauer |
| obit caeleps | Ob. Cael. or died a bachelor (implying no legitimate offspring ever existed to inherit, cf. d.s.p., d.s.p.s. and d.s.p.m.) | Heraldic visitation or County Visitation Books for England |
| obiter dictum | a thing said in passing | in law, an observation by a judge on some point of law not directly relevant to the case before him, and thus neither requiring his decision nor serving as a precedent, but nevertheless of persuasive authority. In general, any comment, remark or observation made in passing |
| obliti privatorum, publica curate | Forget private affairs, take care of public ones | Roman political saying which reminds that common good should be given priority over private matters for any person having a responsibility in the State |
| obscuris vera involvens | the truth being enveloped by obscure things | from Virgil |
| obscurum per obscurius | the obscure by means of the more obscure | An explanation that is less clear than what it tries to explain; synonymous with ignotum per ignotius |
| obtineo et teneo | to obtain and to keep | motto |
| obtorto collo | with a twisted neck | unwillingly |
| oculus dexter (O.D.) | right eye | Ophthalmologist shorthand |
| oculus sinister (O.S.) | left eye | |
| oderint dum metuant | let them hate, so long as they fear | favorite saying of Caligula, attributed originally to Lucius Accius, Roman tragic poet (170 BC) |
| odi et amo | I hate and I love | opening of Catullus 85; the entire poem reads, «odi et amo quare id faciam fortasse requiris / nescio sed fieri sentio et excrucior» (I hate and I love. Why do I do this, you perhaps ask. / I do not know, but I feel it happening to me and I am burning up.) |
| odi profanum vulgus et arceo | I hate the unholy rabble and keep them away | Horace, Carmina III, 1 |
| odium theologicum | theological hatred | name for the special hatred generated in theological disputes |
| oleum camino | (pour) oil on the fire | from Erasmus’ (1466–1536) collection of annotated Adagia |
| omne ignotum pro magnifico | every unknown thing [is taken] for great | or «everything unknown appears magnificent» The source is Tacitus: Agricola, Book 1, 30 where the sentence ends with ‘est’. The quotation is found in Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes short story «The Red-Headed League» (1891) where the ‘est’ is missing. |
| omne initium difficile est | every beginning is difficult | |
| omne vivum ex ovo | every living thing is from an egg | foundational concept of modern biology, opposing the theory of spontaneous generation |
| Omnes homines sunt asini vel homines et asini sunt asini | All men are donkeys or men and donkeys are donkeys | a sophisma proposed and solved by Albert of Saxony (philosopher) |
| omnes vulnerant, postuma necat, or, omnes feriunt, ultima necat | all [the hours] wound, last one kills | usual in clocks, reminding the reader of death |
| omnia cum deo | all with God | motto for Mount Lilydale Mercy College, Lilydale, Victoria, Australia |
| omnia dicta fortiora si dicta Latina | everything said [is] stronger if said in Latin | or «everything sounds more impressive when said in Latin»; a more common phrase with the same meaning is quidquid Latine dictum sit altum videtur (whatever said in Latin, seems profound) |
| omnia in mensura et numero et pondere disposuisti | Thou hast ordered all things in measure, and number, and weight. | Book of Wisdom, 11:21 |
| Omnia mea mecum porto | All that is mine I carry with me | is a quote that Cicero ascribes to Bias of Priene |
| omnia mutantur, nihil interit | everything changes, nothing perishes | Ovid (43 BC – 17 AD), Metamorphoses, book XV, line 165 |
| omnia omnibus | all things to all men | 1 Corinthians 9:22 |
| si omnia ficta | if all (the words of poets) is fiction | Ovid, Metamorphoses, book XIII, lines 733–4: «si non omnia vates ficta» |
| omnia vincit amor | love conquers all | Virgil (70 BC – 19 BC), Eclogue X, line 69 |
| omnia munda mundis | everything [is] pure to the pure [men] | from The New Testament |
| omnia praesumuntur legitime facta donec probetur in contrarium | all things are presumed to be lawfully done, until it is shown [to be] in the reverse | in other words, «innocent until proven guilty» |
| omnia sponte fluant absit violentia rebus | everything should flow by itself, force should be absent | «let it go» |
| omnia sunt communia | all things shall be held in common | from Acts of the Apostles |
| omnis vir enim sui | Every man for himself! | |
| omnibus idem | the same to all | motto of Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, usually accompanied by a sun, which shines for (almost) everyone |
| omnibus locis fit caedes | There is slaughter everywhere (in every place) | Julius Caesar’s The Gallic War, 7.67 |
| omnis traductor traditor | every translator is a traitor | every translation is a corruption of the original; the reader should take heed of unavoidable imperfections |
| omnis vir tigris | everyone a tiger | motto of the 102nd Intelligence Wing |
| omnium gatherum | gathering of all | miscellaneous collection or assortment; «gatherum» is English, and the term is used often used facetiously |
| onus probandi | burden of proof | |
| onus procedendi | burden of procedure | burden of a party to adduce evidence that a case is an exception to the rule |
| opera omnia | all works | collected works of an author |
| opera posthuma | posthumous works | works published after the author’s death |
| operari sequitur esse | act of doing something follows the act of being | scholastic phrase, used to explain that there is no possible act if there is not being: being is absolutely necessary for any other act |
| opere citato (op. cit.) | in the work that was cited | used in academic works when referring again to the last source mentioned or used |
| opere et veritate | in action and truth | doing what you believe is morally right through everyday actions |
| opere laudato (op. laud.) | See opere citato | |
| operibus anteire | leading the way with deeds | to speak with actions instead of words |
| ophidia in herba | a snake in the grass | any hidden danger or unknown risk |
| opinio juris sive necessitatis | an opinion of law or necessity | a belief that an action was undertaken because it was a legal necessity; source of customary law |
| opus anglicanum | English work | fine embroidery, especially used to describe church vestments |
| Opus Dei | The Work of God | Catholic organisation |
| ora et labora | pray and work | This principle of the Benedictine monasteries reads in full: «Ora et labora (et lege), Deus adest sine mora.» «Pray and work (and read), God is there without delay» (or to keep the rhyme: «Work and pray, and God is there without delay») |
| ora pro nobis | pray for us | «Sancta Maria, mater Dei, ora pro nobis pecatoribus«; Brazilian name for Pereskia aculeata |
| orando laborando | by praying, by working | motto of Rugby School |
| oratio recta | direct speech | expressions from Latin grammar |
| oratio obliqua | indirect speech | |
| orbis non sufficit | the world does not suffice or the world is not enough | from Satires of Juvenal (Book IV/10), referring to Alexander the Great; James Bond’s adopted family motto in the novel On Her Majesty’s Secret Service; it made a brief appearance in the film adaptation of the same name and was later used as the title of the nineteenth James Bond film, The World Is Not Enough. |
| orbis unum | one world | seen in The Legend of Zorro |
| ordo ab chao | out of chaos, comes order | one of the oldest mottos of Craft Freemasonry.[116] |
| (oremus) pro invicem | (Let us pray), one for the other; let us pray for each other | Popular salutation for Roman Catholic clergy at the beginning or ending of a letter or note. Usually abbreviated OPI. («Oremus» used alone is just «let us pray»). |
| orta recens quam pura nites | newly risen, how brightly you shine | Motto of New South Wales |
P[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pace | [with] peace [to] | «With all due respect to», «with due deference to», «by leave of», «no offence to», or «despite (with respect)». Used to politely acknowledge someone with whom the speaker or writer disagrees or finds irrelevant to the main argument. Ablative form of pax, «peace.» | ||
| pace tua | with your peace | Thus, «with your permission». | ||
| Pacem in terris | Peace on Earth | |||
| pacta sunt servanda | agreements must be kept | Also «contracts must be honoured». Indicates the binding power of treaties. One of the fundamental rules of international law. | ||
| palma non sine pulvere | no reward without effort | Also «dare to try»; motto of numerous schools. | ||
| palmam qui meruit ferat | He who has earned the palm, let him bear it. | Loosely, «achievement should be rewarded» (or, «let the symbol of victory go to him who has deserved it»); frequently used motto | ||
| panem et circenses | bread and circuses | From Juvenal, Satire X, line 81. Originally described all that was needed for emperors to placate the Roman mob. Today used to describe any entertainment used to distract public attention from more important matters. | ||
| par sit fortuna labori | Let the success be equal to the labor. | This motto is of the families Buchanan, Lowman, and Palmer, according to Burke’s Peerage & Baronetage. | ||
| parvus pendetur fur, magnus abire videtur | The petty thief is hanged, the big thief gets away. | |||
| para bellum | prepare for war | From «Si vis pacem para bellum»: if you want peace, prepare for war—if a country is ready for war, its enemies are less likely to attack. Usually used to support a policy of peace through strength (deterrence). In antiquity, however, the Romans viewed peace as the aftermath of successful conquest through war, so in this sense the proverb identifies war as the means through which peace will be achieved. | ||
| parare Domino plebem perfectam | to prepare for God a perfect people | motto of the St. Jean Baptiste High School | ||
| parce sepulto | forgive the interred | it is ungenerous to hold resentment toward the dead. Quote from the Aeneid, III 13-68. | ||
| parens patriae | parent of the nation | A public policy requiring courts to protect the best interests of any child involved in a lawsuit. See also Pater Patriae. | ||
| pari passu | with equal step | Thus, «moving together», «simultaneously», etc. Also used to abbreviate the principle that in bankruptcy creditors must all get the same proportion of their debt. | ||
| parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus | The mountains are in labour, a ridiculous mouse will be born. | said of works that promise much at the outset but yield little in the end (Horace, Ars poetica 137) – see also The Mountain in Labour | ||
| parum luceat | It does not shine [being darkened by shade]. | Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 1/6:34 – see also lucus a nonlucendo | ||
| parva sub ingenti | the small under the huge | Implies that the weak are under the protection of the strong, rather than that they are inferior. Motto of Prince Edward Island. | ||
| parvis imbutus tentabis grandia tutus | When you are steeped in little things, you shall safely attempt great things. | Motto of Barnard Castle School, sometimes translated as «Once you have accomplished small things, you may attempt great ones safely». | ||
| passim | here and there, everywhere | Less literally, «throughout» or «frequently». Said of a word, fact or notion that occurs several times in a cited text. Also used in proofreading, where it refers to a change that is to be repeated everywhere needed. See also et passim. | ||
| pater familias | father of the family | Or «master of the house». The eldest male in a family, who held patria potestas («paternal power»). In Roman law, a father had enormous power over his children, wife, and slaves, though these rights dwindled over time. Derived from the phrase pater familias, an Old Latin expression preserving the archaic —as ending for the genitive case. | ||
| Pater Omnipotens | Father Almighty | A more direct translation would be «omnipotent father». | ||
| Pater Patriae | father of the nation | A Latin honorific meaning «Father of the Country», or more literally, «Father of the Fatherland». | ||
| pater peccavi | Father, I have sinned | The traditional beginning of a Roman Catholic confession. | ||
| pauca sed bona | few, but good | Similar to «quality over quantity»; though there may be few of something, at least they are of good quality. | ||
| pauca sed matura | few, but ripe | Said to be one of Carl Gauss’s favorite quotations. Used in The King and I by Rodgers and Hammerstein. | ||
| paulatim ergo certe | slowly therefore surely | Former motto of Latymer Upper School in London (the text latim er is concealed in the words) | ||
| paulatim sed firmiter | slowly but surely | Motto of University College School in London | ||
| pax aeterna | eternal peace | A common epitaph | ||
| Pax Americana | American Peace | A euphemism for the United States of America and its sphere of influence. Adapted from Pax Romana. | ||
| Pax Britannica | British Peace | A euphemism for the British Empire. Adapted from Pax Romana | ||
| Pax Christi | Peace of Christ | Used as a wish before the Holy Communion in the Catholic Mass, also the name of the peace movement Pax Christi | ||
| pax Dei | peace of God | Used in the Peace and Truce of God movement in 10th-century France | ||
| Pax Deorum | Peace of the gods | Like the vast majority of inhabitants of the ancient world, the Romans practiced pagan rituals, believing it important to achieve a state of Pax Deorum (The Peace of the gods) instead of Ira Deorum (The Wrath of the gods). | ||
| Pax, Domine | peace, lord | lord or master; used as a form of address when speaking to clergy or educated professionals | ||
| pax et bonum | peace and the good | Motto of St. Francis of Assisi and, consequently, of his monastery in Assisi; understood by Catholics to mean ‘Peace and Goodness be with you,’ as is similar in the Mass; translated in Italian as pace e bene. | ||
| pax et justitia | peace and justice | Motto of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
| pax et lux | peace and light | Motto of Tufts University and various schools | ||
| Pax Europaea | European Peace | euphemism for Europe after World War II | ||
| Pax Hispanica | Spanish Peace | Euphemism for the Spanish Empire; specifically can mean the twenty-three years of supreme Spanish dominance in Europe (approximately 1598–1621). Adapted from Pax Romana. | ||
| pax in terra | peace on earth | Used to exemplify the desired state of peace on earth | ||
| Pax Indica | Indian Peace | Term for hegemony of India in its sphere of influence; adapted from Pax Romana; also a 2012 book by Shashi Tharoor | ||
| Pax intrantibus, salus exeuntibus | Peace to those who enter, health to those who depart. | Used as an inscription over the entrance of buildings (especially homes, monasteries, inns). Often benedicto habitantibus (Blessings on those who abide here) is added. | ||
| pax matrum, ergo pax familiarum | peace of mothers, therefore peace of families | If the mother is peaceful, then the family is peaceful. The inverse of the Southern United States saying, «If mama ain’t happy, ain’t nobody happy.» | ||
| Pax Mongolica | Mongolian Peace | period of peace and prosperity in Asia during the Mongol Empire | ||
| pax optima rerum | peace is the greatest good | Silius Italicus, Punica (11,595); motto of the university of Kiel | ||
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace | period of relative prosperity and lack of conflict in the early Roman Empire | ||
| Pax Sinica | Chinese Peace | period of peace in East Asia during times of strong Chinese hegemony | ||
| pax tecum | peace be with you (singular) | |||
| Pax tibi, Marce, Evangelista meus. Hic requiescet corpus tuum. | Peace to you, Mark, my Evangelist. Here will rest your body. |
|
||
| pax vobiscum | peace [be] with you | A common farewell. The «you» is plural («you all»), so the phrase must be used when speaking to more than one person; pax tecum is the form used when speaking to only one person. | ||
| peccavi | I have sinned | Telegraph message and pun from Charles Napier, British general, upon completely subjugating the Indian province of Sindh in 1842 (‘I have Sindh’). This is, arguably, the most terse military despatch ever sent. The story is apocryphal. | ||
| pecunia non olet | money doesn’t smell | According to Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum, when Emperor Vespasian was challenged by his son Titus for taxing the public lavatories, the emperor held up a coin before his son and asked whether it smelled or simply said non olet («it doesn’t smell»). From this, the phrase was expanded to pecunia non olet, or rarely aes non olet («copper doesn’t smell»). | ||
| pecunia, si uti scis, ancilla est; si nescis, domina | if you know how to use money, money is your slave; if you don’t, money is your master | Written on an old Latin tablet in downtown Verona (Italy). | ||
| pede poena claudo | punishment comes limping | That is, retribution comes slowly but surely. From Horace, Odes, 3, 2, 32. | ||
| pendent opera interrupta | the works hang interrupted | From the Aeneid of Virgil, Book IV | ||
| per | By, through, by means of | See specific phrases below | ||
| per angusta ad augusta | through difficulties to greatness | Joining sentence of the conspirators in the drama Hernani by Victor Hugo (1830). The motto of numerous educational establishments. | ||
| per annum (pa.) | each year | Thus, «yearly»—occurring every year | ||
| per ardua | through adversity | Motto of the British RAF Regiment | ||
| per ardua ad alta | through difficulty to heights | Through hardship, great heights are reached; frequently used motto | ||
| per ardua ad astra | through adversity to the stars | Motto of the Royal, Royal Australian and Royal New Zealand Air Forces, the U. S. State of Kansas and of several schools. The phrase is used by Latin Poet Virgil in the Aeneid; also used in H. Rider Haggard’s novel The People of the Mist. | ||
| per aspera ad astra | through hardships to the stars | From Seneca the Younger; frequently used motto, sometimes as ad astra per aspera («to the stars through hardships») | ||
| per capita | by heads | «Per head», i.e., «per person», a ratio by the number of persons. The singular is per caput. | ||
| per capsulam | through the small box | That is, «by letter» | ||
| per contra | through the contrary | Or «on the contrary» (cf. a contrario) | ||
| per crucem vincemus | through the cross we shall conquer | Motto of St John Fisher Catholic High School, Dewsbury | ||
| Per Crucem Crescens | through the cross, growth | Motto of Lambda Chi Alpha | ||
| per curiam | through the senate | Legal term meaning «by the court», as in a per curiam decision | ||
| per definitionem | through the definition | Thus, «by definition» | ||
| per diem (pd.) | by day | Thus, «per day». A specific amount of money an organization allows an individual to spend per day, typically for travel expenses. | ||
| per fas et nefas | through right or wrong | By fair means or foul | ||
| per fidem intrepidus | fearless through faith | |||
| per incuriam | through inadvertence or carelessness | Legal term referring to a decision that was made by a court through a clear mistake or unawareness of something, such as forgetting to take some binding precedent into account | ||
| per literas regias per lit. reg. per regias literas per reg. lit. etc. |
by royal letters | by letters patent; of academic degrees: awarded by letters patent from the King/Queen, rather than by a University[119][120] |
||
| per mare per terram | by sea and by land | Motto of the Royal Marines and (with small difference) of Clan Donald and the Compagnies Franches de la Marine | ||
| per mensem (pm.) | by month | Thus, «per month», or «monthly» | ||
| per multum cras, cras, crebro dilabitur aetas | what can be done today should not be delayed | |||
| per os (p.o.) | through the mouth | Medical shorthand for «by mouth» | ||
| per pedes | by feet | Used of a certain place that can be traversed or reached by foot, or to indicate that one is travelling by foot as opposed to by a vehicle | ||
| per procura (p.p. or per pro) | through the agency | Also rendered per procurationem. Used to indicate that a person is signing a document on behalf of another person. Correctly placed before the name of the person signing, but often placed before the name of the person on whose behalf the document is signed, sometimes through incorrect translation of the alternative abbreviation per pro. as «for and on behalf of». | ||
| per quod | by reason of which | In a UK legal context: «by reason of which» (as opposed to per se which requires no reasoning). In American jurisprudence often refers to a spouse’s claim for loss of consortium. | ||
| per rectum (pr) | through the rectum | Medical shorthand; see also per os | ||
| per rectum ad astra | via rectum to the stars | a modern parody of per aspera ad astra, originating and most commonly used in Russia, meaning that the path to success took you through most undesirable and objectionable places or environments; or that a found solution to a complex problem is extremely convoluted. | ||
| per risum multum poteris cognoscere stultum | by excessive laughter one can recognise the fool | |||
| per se | through itself | Also «by itself» or «in itself». Without referring to anything else, intrinsically, taken without qualifications etc. A common example is negligence per se. See also malum in se. | ||
| per stirpes | through the roots | Used in wills to indicate that each «branch» of the testator’s family should inherit equally. Contrasted with per capita. | ||
| per unitatem vis | through unity, strength | Motto of Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets | ||
| per veritatem vis | through truth, strength | Motto of Washington University in St. Louis | ||
| per volar sunata[sic] | born to soar | Frequently used motto; not from Latin but from Dante’s Purgatorio, Canto XII, 95, the Italian phrase «per volar sù nata». | ||
| Perfer et obdura; dolor hic tibi proderit olim | Be patient and tough; some day this pain will be useful to you. | From Ovid, Amores, Book III, Elegy XI | ||
| periculum in mora | danger in delay | |||
| perinde ac [si] cadaver [essent] | [well-disciplined] like a corpse | Phrase written by St. Ignatius of Loyola in his Constitutiones Societatis Iesu (1954) | ||
| perita manus mens exculta | skilled hand, cultivated mind | Motto of RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia | ||
| perge sequar | advance, I follow | from Virgil’s Aeneid IV 114; in Vergil’s context: «proceed with your plan, I will do my part.» | ||
| Pericula ludus | Danger is my pleasure | Motto of the Foreign Legion Detachment in Mayotte | ||
| perpetuum mobile | thing in perpetual motion | A musical term; also used to refer to hypothetical perpetual motion machines | ||
| Perseverantia et Fide in Deo | Perseverance and Faith in God | Motto of Bombay Scottish School, Mahim, India | ||
| persona non grata | person not pleasing | An unwelcome, unwanted or undesirable person. In diplomatic contexts, a person rejected by the host government. The reverse, persona grata («pleasing person»), is less common, and refers to a diplomat acceptable to the government of the country to which he is sent. | ||
| Pes meus stetit in directo | My foot has stood in the right way (or in uprightness; in integrity) | Motto of the Light Armoured Cavalry Regiment Santiago No 1, Spanish Army;[121] Psalm 26:12 | ||
| petitio principii | request of the beginning | Begging the question, a logical fallacy in which a proposition to be proved is implicitly or explicitly assumed in one of the premises | ||
| pia desideria | pious longings | Or «dutiful desires» | ||
| pia fraus | pious fraud | Or «dutiful deceit». Expression from Ovid; used to describe deception which serves Church purposes | ||
| pia mater | pious mother | Or «tender mother». The delicate innermost of the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. | ||
| Pietate et doctrina tuta libertas | Freedom is made safe through character and learning | Motto of Dickinson College | ||
| pinxit | one painted | Thus, «he painted this» or «she painted this». Formerly used on works of art, next to the artist’s name. | ||
| piscem natare doces | [you] teach a fish to swim | Latin proverb, attributed by Erasmus in his Adagia to Greek origin (Diogenianus, Ἰχθὺν νήχεσθαι διδάσκεις); corollary Chinese idiom (班門弄斧) | ||
| placet | it pleases | expression of assent | ||
| plaudite, cives | applaud, citizens | Said by ancient comic actors to solicit the audience’s applause | ||
| plene scriptum | fully written | |||
| plenus venter non studet libenter | A full belly does not like studying | I.e., it is difficult to concentrate on mental tasks after a heavy meal. The following variant is also attested: plenus si venter renuit studere libenter (the belly, when full, refuses to study willingly). | ||
| plenus venter facile de ieiuniis disputat | A full belly readily discusses fasting. | Hieronymus, Epistulæ 58,2 | ||
| plurale tantum PL pluralia tantum |
plural only | nouns that only occur in the plural form | ||
| pluralis majestatis | plural of majesty | The first-person plural pronoun when used by an important personage to refer to himself or herself; also known as the «royal we» | ||
| pluralis modestiae | plural of modesty | |||
| plus minusve (p.m.v.) | more or less | Frequently found on Roman funerary inscriptions to denote that the age of a decedent is approximate | ||
| plus ultra | further beyond | National motto of Spain and a number of other institutions | ||
| pollice compresso favor iudicabatur | goodwill decided by compressed thumb | Life was spared with a thumb tucked inside a closed fist, simulating a sheathed weapon. Conversely, a thumb up meant to unsheath your sword. | ||
| pollice verso | with a turned thumb | Used by Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator. The type of gesture used is uncertain. Also the name of a famous painting depicting gladiators by Jean-Léon Gérôme. | ||
| Polonia Restituta | Rebirth of Poland | |||
| pons asinorum | bridge of asses | Any obstacle that stupid people find hard to cross. Originally used of Euclid’s Fifth Proposition in geometry. | ||
| pontifex maximus | greatest high priest | Or «supreme pontiff». Originally an office in the Roman Republic, later a title held by Roman emperors, and later a traditional epithet of the pope. The pontifices were the most important priestly college of the religion in ancient Rome; their name is usually thought to derive from pons facere («to make a bridge»), which in turn is usually linked to their religious authority over the bridges of Rome, especially the Pons Sublicius. | ||
| posse comitatus | force of the county[122] | Thus, to be able to be made into part of a retinue or force. In common law, a sheriff’s right to compel people to assist law enforcement in unusual situations. | ||
| possunt quia posse videntur | They can because they think they can | Inscription on the back of Putney medals, awarded to boat race winning Oxford blues. From Virgil’s Aeneid Book V line 231. | ||
| post aut propter | after it or by means of it | Causality between two phenomena is not established (cf. post hoc, ergo propter hoc) | ||
| post cibum (p.c.) | after food | Medical shorthand for «after meals» (cf. ante cibum) | ||
| post coitum | After sex | After sexual intercourse | ||
| post coitum omne animal triste est sive gallus et mulier | After sexual intercourse every animal is sad, except the cock (rooster) and the woman | Or: triste est omne animal post coitum, praeter mulierem gallumque. Attributed to Galen of Pergamum.[123] | ||
| post eventum | after the event | Refers to an action or occurrence that takes place after the event that is being discussed (similar in meaning to post factum). More specifically, it may refer to a person who is recounting an event long after it took place, implying that details of the story may have changed over time. (Some sources attribute this expression to George Eliot.) | ||
| post factum | after the fact | Not to be confused with ex post facto. | ||
| post festum | after the feast | Too late, or after the fact | ||
| post hoc ergo propter hoc | after this, therefore because of this | A logical fallacy where one assumes that one thing happening after another thing means that the first thing caused the second. | ||
| post meridiem (p.m.) | after midday | The period from noon to midnight (cf. ante meridiem) | ||
| post mortem (pm) | after death | Usually rendered postmortem. Not to be confused with post meridiem | ||
| Post mortem auctoris (p.m.a.) | after the author’s death | The phrase is used in legal terminology in the context of intellectual property rights, especially copyright, which commonly lasts until a certain number of years after the author’s death. | ||
| post nubila phoebus | after the clouds, the sun | Motto of the University of Zulia, Venezuela, as well as Hartford, Connecticut | ||
| post nubes lux | out of darkness, light | Motto of Cranfield University | ||
| post scriptum (p.s.) | after what has been written | A postscript. Used to mark additions to a letter, after the signature. Can be extended to post post scriptum (p.p.s.), etc. | ||
| post tenebras lux, or, post tenebras spero lucem | after darkness, [I hope for] light | from Vulgata, Job 17:12; frequently used motto | ||
| postera crescam laude | I am going to grow in the esteem of future generations | Motto of the University of Melbourne | ||
| potest solum unum | There can be only one | Highlander | ||
| praemia virtutis honores | honours are the rewards of virtue | |||
| praemonitus praemunitus | forewarned is forearmed | Common catch phrase of the fictional character «Captain Blood» from the novel Captain Blood (novel) | ||
| praesis ut prosis ne ut imperes | Lead in order to serve, not in order to rule. | Motto of Lancaster Royal Grammar School | ||
| praeter legem | after the law | Legal terminology, international law | ||
| Praga Caput Regni | Prague, Head of the Kingdom | Motto of Prague from Middle Ages | ||
| Praga Caput Rei publicae | Prague, Head of the Republic | Motto of Prague from 1991 | ||
| Praga mater urbium | Prague, Mother of Cities | Motto of Prague from 1927 | ||
| Praga totius Bohemiae domina | Prague, the mistress of the whole of Bohemia | Former motto of Prague | ||
| Pretium Laborum Non Vile | No mean reward for labour | Motto of the Order of the Golden Fleece | ||
| pretiumque et causa laboris | The prize and the cause of our labour | Motto of Burnley Football Club; from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 4.739 (Latin)/English): «The Tale of Perseus and Andromeda»: resoluta catenis incedit virgo, pretiumque et causa laboris. («freed of her chains the virgin approaches, cause and reward of the enterprise.») | ||
| prima facie | at first sight | Used to designate evidence in a trial which is suggestive, but not conclusive, of something (e.g., a person’s guilt) | ||
| prima luce | at dawn | Literally «at first light» | ||
| primas sum: primatum nil a me alienum puto | I am a primate; nothing about primates is foreign to me | A sentence by the American anthropologist Earnest Hooton and the slogan of primatologists and lovers of primates. Derived from homo sum, humani a me nihil alienum puto. | ||
| primum mobile | first moving thing | Or «first thing able to be moved»; see primum movens | ||
| primum movens | prime mover | Or «first moving one». A common theological term, such as in the cosmological argument, based on the assumption that God was the first entity to «move» or «cause» anything. Aristotle was one of the first philosophers to discuss the «uncaused cause», a hypothetical originator—and violator—of causality. | ||
| primum non nocere | first, to not harm | A medical precept. Often falsely attributed to the Hippocratic Oath, though its true source is probably a paraphrase from Hippocrates’ Epidemics, where he wrote, «Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future; practice these acts. As to diseases, make a habit of two things: to help, or at least to do no harm.» | ||
| primus inter pares | first among equals | Position of the Ecumenical Patriarch in the Eastern Orthodox Church, position of the President of the Swiss Confederation among the members of the Federal Council, and a title of the Roman Emperors (cf. princeps). | ||
| principia probant non probantur | principles prove; they are not proved | Fundamental principles require no proof; they are assumed a priori. | ||
| principiis obsta (et respice finem) | resist the beginnings (and consider the end) | Ovid, Remedia Amoris, 91 | ||
| principium individuationis | Individuation | psychological term: the self-formation of the personality into a coherent whole | ||
| prior tempore potior iure | earlier in time, stronger in law | A legal principle that older laws take precedence over newer ones. The inverse principle is known as lex posterior. | ||
| pro aris et focis | For altars and hearths | The motto of the Royal Queensland Regiment, and many other regiments. | ||
| pro bono publico | for the public good | Often abbreviated pro bono. Work undertaken voluntarily at no expense, such as public services. Often used of a lawyer’s work that is not charged for. | ||
| pro Brasilia fiant eximia | let exceptional things be made for Brazil | Motto of São Paulo state, Brazil. | ||
| pro Deo Domo Patria | For God, home and country | Motto of the University of Mary Washington | ||
| pro Deo et Patria | For God and Country | Frequently used motto | ||
| pro domo (sua) | for (one’s own) home or house | serving the interests of a given perspective or for the benefit of a given group. | ||
| pro Ecclesia, pro Texana | For Church, For Texas | Motto of Baylor University, a private Christian Baptist university in Waco, Texas. | ||
| pro fide et patria | for faith and fatherland | Motto of the originally Irish Muldoon family and of several schools, such as the Diocesan College (Bishops) in Cape Town, South Africa, and All Hallows High School in the Bronx, New York. | ||
| pro forma | for form | Or «as a matter of form». Prescribing a set form or procedure, or performed in a set manner. | ||
| pro gloria et patria | for glory and fatherland | Motto of Prussia | ||
| pro hac vice | for this occasion | Request of a state court to allow an out-of-state lawyer to represent a client. | ||
| pro multis | for many | It is part of the Rite of Consecration of the wine in Western Christianity tradition, as part of the Mass. | ||
| pro parte | in part | Frequently used in taxonomy to refer to part of a group. | ||
| pro patria | for country | Pro Patria Medal: for operational service (minimum 55 days) in defence of the Republic South Africa or in the prevention or suppression of terrorism; issued for the Border War (counter-insurgency operations in South West Africa 1966–89) and for campaigns in Angola (1975–76 and 1987–88). Motto of The Royal Canadian Regiment, Royal South Australia Regiment, Hurlstone Agricultural High School. | ||
| pro patria vigilans | watchful for the country | Motto of the United States Army Signal Corps. | ||
| pro populo et gloria | for the people and glory | Motto of HMS Westminster | ||
| pro per | for self | to defend oneself in court without counsel; abbreviation of propria persona. See also: pro se. | ||
| pro rata | for the rate | i.e., proportionately. | ||
| pro re nata (PRN, prn) | for a thing that has been born | Medical shorthand for «as the occasion arises» or «as needed». Also «concerning a matter having come into being». Used to describe a meeting of a special Presbytery or Assembly called to discuss something new, and which was previously unforeseen (literally: «concerning a matter having been born»). | ||
| pro rege et lege | for king and the law | Found on the Leeds coat of arms. | ||
| pro rege, lege et grege | for king, the law and the people | Found on the coat of arms of Perth, Scotland. | ||
| pro se | for oneself | to defend oneself in court without counsel. Some jurisdictions prefer, «pro per». | ||
| pro scientia atque sapientia | for knowledge and wisdom | motto of Stuyvesant High School in New York City | ||
| pro scientia et patria | for science and nation | motto of the National University of La Plata | ||
| pro studio et labore | for study and work | |||
| pro tanto | for so much | Denotes something that has only been partially fulfilled. A philosophical term indicating the acceptance of a theory or idea without fully accepting the explanation. | ||
| pro tanto quid retribuemus | what shall we give in return for so much | The motto of the city of Belfast; taken from the Vulgate translation of Psalm 116. | ||
| pro tempore | for the time (being) | Denotes a temporary current situation; abbreviated pro tem. | ||
| probatio pennae | testing of the pen | Medieval Latin term for breaking in a new pen | ||
| probis pateo | I am open for honest people | Traditionally inscribed above a city gate or above the front entrance of a dwelling or place of learning. | ||
| procedendo | to be proceeded with | From procedendo ad judicium, «to be proceeded with to judgment.» A prerogative writ, by which a superior court requires an inferior one to rule on a matter it has neglected. | ||
| prodesse quam conspici | To Accomplish Rather Than To Be Conspicuous | motto of Miami University | ||
| prohibito | I prohibit | A prerogative writ, by which a superior court prohibits an inferior court from hearing a matter outside its jurisdiction; also called a writ of prohibition. | ||
| propria manu (p.m.) | «by one’s own hand» | |||
| propter vitam vivendi perdere causas | to destroy the reasons for living for the sake of life | That is, to squander life’s purpose just in order to stay alive, and live a meaningless life. From Juvenal, Satyricon VIII, verses 83–84. | ||
| protectio trahit subjectionem, et subjectio protectionem | Protection draws allegiance, and allegiance draws protection | Legal maxim, indicating that reciprocity of fealty with protection | ||
| provehito in altum | launch forward into the deep | motto of Memorial University of Newfoundland | ||
| proxime accessit | he came next | the runner-up | ||
| proximo mense (prox.) | in the following month | Used in formal correspondence to refer to the next month. Used with ult. («last month») and inst. («this month»). | ||
| pulchrum est paucorum hominum | Beauty is for the few | from Friedrich Nietzsche’s 1889 book Twilight of the Idols | ||
| pulvis et umbra sumus | we are dust and shadow | From Horace, Carmina Book IV, 7, 16.[124] | ||
| punctum saliens | leaping point | Thus, the essential or most notable point. The salient point. | ||
| purificatus non consumptus | purified, not consumed |
Q[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| qua definitione | by virtue of definition | Thus: «by definition»; variant of per definitionem; sometimes used in German-speaking countries. Occasionally misrendered as «qua definitionem». |
| qua patet orbis | as far as the world extends | Motto of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps |
| quae non posuisti, ne tollas | do not take away what you did not put in place | Plato, Laws |
| quae non prosunt singula multa iuvant | what alone is not useful helps when accumulated | Ovid, Remedia amoris |
| quaecumque sunt vera | whatsoever is true | frequently used as motto; taken from Philippians 4:8 of the Bible |
| quaecumque vera doce me | teach me whatsoever is true | motto of St. Joseph’s College, Edmonton at the University of Alberta |
| quaere | to seek | Or «you might ask…» Used to suggest doubt or to ask one to consider whether something is correct. Often introduces rhetorical or tangential questions. |
| quaerite primum regnum Dei | seek ye first the kingdom of God | Also quaerite primo regnum dei; frequently used as motto (e.g. Newfoundland and Labrador) |
| qualis artifex pereo | As what kind of artist do I perish? | Or «What a craftsman dies in me!» Attributed to Nero in Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum |
| Qualitas potentia nostra | Quality is our might | motto of Finnish Air Force |
| quam bene non quantum | how well, not how much | motto of Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada |
| quam bene vivas referre (or refert), non quam diu | it is how well you live that matters, not how long | Seneca, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium CI (101) |
| quamdiu (se) bene gesserit | as long as he shall have behaved well (legal Latin) | I.e., «[while on] good behavior.» So for example the Act of Settlement 1701 stipulated that judges’ commissions are valid quamdiu se bene gesserint (during good behaviour). (Notice the different singular, «gesserit», and plural, «gesserint», forms.) It was from this phrase that Frank Herbert extracted the name for the Bene Gesserit sisterhood in the Dune novels. |
| quantocius quantotius | the sooner, the better | or, as quickly as possible |
| quantum libet (q.l.) | as much as pleases | medical shorthand for «as much as you wish» |
| quantum sufficit (qs) | as much as is enough | medical shorthand for «as much as needed» or «as much as will suffice» |
| quaque hora (qh) | every hour | medical shorthand; also quaque die (qd), «every day», quaque mane (qm), «every morning», and quaque nocte (qn), «every night» |
| quare clausum fregit | wherefore he broke the close | An action of trespass; thus called, by reason the writ demands the person summoned to answer to wherefore he broke the close (quare clausum fregit), i.e. why he committed such a trespass. |
| quater in die (qid) | four times a day | medical shorthand |
| quem deus vult perdere, dementat prius | Whom the gods would destroy, they first make insane | |
| quem di diligunt adulescens moritur | he whom the gods love dies young | Other translations of diligunt include «prize especially» or «esteem». From Plautus, Bacchides, IV, 7, 18. In this comic play, a sarcastic servant says this to his aging master. The rest of the sentence reads: dum valet sentit sapit («while he is healthy, perceptive and wise»). |
| questio quid iuris | I ask what law? | from the Summoner’s section of Chaucer’s General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, line 648 |
| qui audet adipiscitur | Who Dares Wins | The motto of the SAS, of the British Army |
| qui bene cantat bis orat | he who sings well praises twice | from St. Augustine of Hippo’s commentary on Psalm 73, verse 1: Qui enim cantat laudem, non solum laudat, sed etiam hilariter laudat («He who sings praises, not only praises, but praises joyfully») |
| qui bono | who with good | common misspelling of the Latin phrase cui bono («who benefits?») |
| quibuscum(que) viis | (and) by whatever ways possible | Used by Honoré de Balzac in several works,[125] including Illusions perdues and Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes. |
| qui docet in doctrina | he that teacheth, on teaching | Motto of the University of Chester. A less literal translation is «Let those who teach, teach» or «Let the teacher teach». |
| qui habet aures audiendi audiat | he who has ears to hear, let him hear | «He that hath ears to hear, let him hear»; Mark Mark 4:9 |
| qui me tangit, vocem meam audit | who touches me, hears my voice | common inscription on bells |
| qui tacet consentire videtur | he who is silent is taken to agree | Thus, silence gives consent. Sometimes accompanied by the proviso «ubi loqui debuit ac potuit«, that is, «when he ought to have spoken and was able to». Pope Boniface VII in Decretale di Bonifacio VIII, Libro V, Tit. 12, reg. 43 AD 1294 |
| qui prior est tempore potior est jure | Who is first in point of time is stronger in right | As set forth in the «Property Law» casebook written by Jesse Dukeminier, which is generally used to teach first year law students. |
| qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur | he who brings an action for the king as well as for himself | Generally known as ‘qui tam,’ it is the technical legal term for the unique mechanism in the federal False Claims Act that allows persons and entities with evidence of fraud against federal programs or contracts to sue the wrongdoer on behalf of the Government. |
| qui totum vult totum perdit | he who wants everything loses everything | Attributed to Publilius Syrus |
| qui transtulit sustinet | he who transplanted still sustains | Or «he who brought us across still supports us», meaning God. State motto of Connecticut. Originally written as sustinet qui transtulit in 1639. |
| quia suam uxorem etiam suspicione vacare vellet | because he should wish his wife to be free even from any suspicion | Attributed to Julius Caesar by Plutarch, Caesar 10. Translated loosely as «because even the wife of Caesar may not be suspected». At the feast of Bona Dea, a sacred festival for females only, which was being held at the Domus Publica, the home of the Pontifex Maximus, Caesar, and hosted by his second wife, Pompeia, the notorious politician Clodius arrived in disguise. Caught by the outraged noblewomen, Clodius fled before they could kill him on the spot for sacrilege. In the ensuing trial, allegations arose that Pompeia and Clodius were having an affair, and while Caesar asserted that this was not the case and no substantial evidence arose suggesting otherwise, he nevertheless divorced, with this quotation as explanation. |
| quid agis | What are you doing? | What’s happening? What’s going on? What’s the news? What’s up? |
| quid est veritas | What is truth? | In the Vulgate translation of John 18:38, Pilate’s question to Jesus (Greek: Τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια;). A possible answer is an anagram of the phrase: est vir qui adest, «it is the man who is here.» |
| quid novi ex Africa | What of the new out of Africa? | less literally, «What’s new from Africa?»; derived from an Aristotle quotation |
| quid nunc | What now? | Commonly shortened to quidnunc. As a noun, a quidnunc is a busybody or a gossip. Patrick Campbell worked for The Irish Times under the pseudonym «Quidnunc». |
| quid pro quo | what for what | Commonly used in English, it is also translated as «this for that» or «a thing for a thing». Signifies a favor exchanged for a favor. The traditional Latin expression for this meaning was do ut des («I give, so that you may give»). |
| Quid rides? Mutato nomine de te fabula narratur. |
Why do you laugh? Change but the name, and the story is told of yourself. | Horace, Satires, I. 1. 69. |
| quidquid Latine dictum sit altum videtur | whatever has been said in Latin seems deep | Or «anything said in Latin sounds profound». A recent ironic Latin phrase to poke fun at people who seem to use Latin phrases and quotations only to make themselves sound more important or «educated». Similar to the less common omnia dicta fortiora si dicta Latina. |
| quieta non movere | don’t move settled things | |
| quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se inducto | anyone may renounce a law introduced for their own benefit | Used in classical law to differentiate law imposed by the state for the benefit of a person in general, but by the state on behalf of them, and one imposed specifically that that person ought to have a say in whether the law is implemented. |
| Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? | Who will guard the guards themselves? | Commonly associated with Plato who in the Republic poses this question; and from Juvenal’s On Women, referring to the practice of having eunuchs guard women and beginning with the word sed («but»). Usually translated less literally, as «Who watches the watchmen (or modern, ‘watchers’)?» This translation is a common epigraph, such as of the Tower Commission and Alan Moore’s Watchmen comic book series. |
| quis leget haec? | Who will read this? | |
| quis, quid, ubi, quibus auxiliis, cur, quomodo, quando? | Who, what, where, by what means, why, how, when? | Compare the Five Ws. From Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologica, but ancient authors provide other similar lists. |
| quis separabit? | Who will separate us? | motto of Northern Ireland and of the Order of St Patrick |
| quis ut Deus | Who [is] as God? | Usually translated «Who is like unto God?» Questions who would have the audacity to compare himself to a Supreme Being. It is a translation of the Hebrew name ‘Michael’ = Mi cha El Who like God מי/כ/ אל Hebrew: מִיכָאֵל (right to left). |
| quo errat demonstrator | where the prover errs | A pun on «quod erat demonstrandum» |
| quo fata ferunt | where the fates bear us to | motto of Bermuda |
| quo non ascendam | to what heights can I not rise? | motto of Army Burn Hall College |
| Quod verum tutum | what is true is right | motto of Spier’s School |
| Quo Vadimus? | Where are we going? | Title of the series finale of Aaron Sorkin’s TV dramedy Sports Night |
| quo vadis? | Where are you going? | According to Vulgate translation of John 13:36, Saint Peter asked Jesus Domine, quo vadis? («Lord, where are you going?»). The King James Version has the translation «Lord, whither goest thou?» |
| Quo warranto | by what warrant? | Medieval Latin title for a prerogative writ by which a court requires some person or entity to prove the source of some authority it is exercising. Used for various purposes in different jurisdictions. |
| quocunque jeceris stabit | whithersoever you throw it, it will stand | motto of the Isle of Man |
| quod abundat non obstat | what is abundant doesn’t hinder | It is no problem to have too much of something. |
| quod cito fit, cito perit | what is done quickly, perishes quickly | Things done in a hurry are more likely to fail and fail quicker than those done with care. |
| quod erat demonstrandum (Q.E.D.) | what was to be demonstrated | The abbreviation is often written at the bottom of a mathematical proof. Sometimes translated loosely into English as «The Five Ws», W.W.W.W.W., which stands for «Which Was What We Wanted». |
| quod erat faciendum (Q.E.F.) | which was to be done | Or «which was to be constructed». Used in translations of Euclid’s Elements when there was nothing to prove, but there was something being constructed, for example a triangle with the same size as a given line. |
| quod est (q.e.) | which is | |
| quod est necessarium est licitum | what is necessary is lawful | |
| quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur | what is asserted without reason may be denied without reason | If no grounds have been given for an assertion, then there are no grounds needed to reject it. |
| quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi | what is permitted to Jupiter is not permitted to an ox | If an important person does something, it does not necessarily mean that everyone can do it (cf. double standard). Iovi (also commonly rendered Jovi) is the dative form of Iuppiter («Jupiter» or «Jove»), the chief god of the Romans. |
| quod me nutrit me destruit | what nourishes me destroys me | Thought to have originated with Elizabethan playwright Christopher Marlowe. Generally interpreted to mean that that which motivates or drives a person can consume him or her from within. This phrase has become a popular slogan or motto for pro-ana websites, anorexics and bulimics. |
| quod natura non dat Salmantica non praestat | what nature does not give, Salamanca does not provide | Refers to the Spanish University of Salamanca, meaning that education cannot substitute the lack of brains. |
| quod non fecerunt barbari, fecerunt Barberini | What the barbarians did not do, the Barberinis did | A well-known satirical lampoon left attached to the ancient «speaking» statue of Pasquino on a corner of the Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy.[126] Through a sharp pun the writer criticizes Pope Urban VIII, of the Barberini family, who reused stones and decorations from ancient buildings to build new ones, thus wrecking classical constructions that even the barbarians had not touched. |
| quod periit, periit | What is gone is gone | What has happened has happened and it cannot be changed, thus we should look forward into the future instead of being pulled by the past. |
| quod scripsi, scripsi | What I have written I have written. | Pilate to the chief priests (John 19:22) |
| quod supplantandum, prius bene sciendum | Whatever you hope to supplant, you will first know thoroughly | i.e. «You must thoroughly understand that which you hope to supplant». A caution against following a doctrine of Naive Analogy when attempting to formulate a scientific hypothesis. |
| quod vide (q.v.) | which see | Used after a term, phrase, or topic that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document, book, etc. For more than one term or phrase, the plural is quae vide (qq.v.). |
| Quodcumque dixerit vobis, facite. | Whatever He tells you, that you shall do. | More colloquially: «Do whatever He [Jesus] tells you to do.» Instructions of Mary to the servants at the Wedding at Cana. (John 2:5). Also the motto of East Catholic High School. |
| quomodo vales | How are you? | |
| quorum | of whom | the number of members whose presence is required under the rules to make any given meeting constitutional |
| quos amor verus tenuit tenebit | Those whom true love has held, it will go on holding | Seneca |
| quot capita tot sensus | as many heads, so many perceptions | «There are as many opinions as there are heads» – Terence |
| quot homines tot sententiae | as many men, so many opinions | Or «there are as many opinions as there are people», «how many people, so many opinions» |
| quousque tandem? | For how much longer? | From Cicero’s first speech In Catilinam to the Roman Senate regarding the conspiracy of Catiline: Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? («For how much longer, Catiline, will you abuse our patience?»). Besides being a well-known line in itself, it was often used as a text sample in printing (cf. lorem ipsum). See also O tempora, o mores! (from the same speech). |
R[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| radix malorum est cupiditas | the root of evils is desire | Or «greed is the root of all evil». Theme of «The Pardoner’s Tale» from The Canterbury Tales. |
| rara avis (rarissima avis) | rare bird (very rare bird) | An extraordinary or unusual thing. From Juvenal’s Satires VI: rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cygno («a rare bird in the lands, and very like a black swan»). |
| rari nantes in gurgite vasto | Rare survivors in the immense sea | Virgil, Aeneid, I, 118 |
| ratio decidendi | reasoning for the decision | The legal, moral, political, and social principles used by a court to compose a judgment’s rationale. |
| ratio legis | reasoning of law | A law’s foundation or basis. |
| ratione personae | by reason of his/her person | Also «jurisdiction ratione personae» the personal reach of the courts jurisdiction.[127] |
| ratione soli | by account of the ground | Or «according to the soil». Assigning property rights to a thing based on its presence on a landowner’s property. |
| ratum et consummatum | confirmed and completed | in Canon law, a consummated marriage |
| ratum tantum | confirmed only | in Canon law, a confirmed but unconsummated marriage (which can be dissolved super rato) |
| re | [in] the matter of | More literally, «by the thing». From the ablative of res («thing» or «circumstance»). It is a common misconception that the «Re:» in correspondence is an abbreviation for regarding or reply; this is not the case for traditional letters. However, when used in an e-mail subject, there is evidence that it functions as an abbreviation of regarding rather than the Latin word for thing. The use of Latin re, in the sense of «about», «concerning», is English usage. |
| rebus sic stantibus | with matters standing thus | The doctrine that treaty obligations hold only as long as the fundamental conditions and expectations that existed at the time of their creation hold. |
| recte et fortiter | Upright and Strong | Motto of Homebush Boys High School |
| recte et fideliter | Upright and Faithful | Also «just and faithful» and «accurately and faithfully». Motto of Ruyton Girls’ School |
| redde rationem | to give an account | Taken from the Gospel of Luke 16:2. |
| reductio ad absurdum | leading back to the absurd | A common debate technique, and a method of proof in mathematics and philosophy, that proves the thesis by showing that its opposite is absurd or logically untenable. In general usage outside mathematics and philosophy, a reductio ad absurdum is a tactic in which the logic of an argument is challenged by reducing the concept to its most absurd extreme. Translated from Aristotle’s «ἡ εις άτοπον απαγωγη» (hi eis atopon apagogi, «reduction to the impossible»). |
| reductio ad Hitlerum | leading back to Hitler | A term coined by German-American political philosopher Leo Strauss to humorously describe a fallacious argument that compares an opponent’s views to those held by Adolf Hitler or the Nazi Party. Derived from reductio ad absurdum. |
| reductio ad infinitum | leading back to the infinite | An argument that creates an infinite series of causes that does not seem to have a beginning. As a fallacy, it rests upon Aristotle’s notion that all things must have a cause, but that all series of causes must have a sufficient cause, that is, an unmoved mover. An argument which does not seem to have such a beginning becomes difficult to imagine. If it can be established, separately, that the chain must have a start, then a reductio ad infinitum is a valid refutation technique. |
| reformatio in peius | change to worse | A decision from a court of appeal is amended to a worse one. With certain exceptions, this is prohibited at the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office by case law. |
| regem ego comitem me comes regem | you made me a Count, I will make you a King | Motto of the Forbin family [fr] |
| reginam occidere | to kill the queen | Written by John of Merania, bishop of Esztergom, to Hungarian nobles planning the assassination of Gertrude of Merania. The full sentence, Reginam occidere nolite timere bonum est si omnes consentiunt ego non contradico, has two contradictory meanings depending on how it is punctuated: either Reginam occidere nolite timere; bonum est; si omnes consentiunt, ego non contradico (do not fear to kill the queen, it is right; if everyone agrees, I do not oppose it) or Reginam occidere nolite; timere bonum est; si omnes consentiunt, ego non; contradico (do not kill the queen; it is good to fear [doing so]; [even] if everyone agrees, I do not; I oppose it). The queen was assassinated as the plotters saw the bishop’s message as an encouragement. |
| regnat populus | the people rule | State motto of Arkansas, adopted in 1907. Originally rendered in 1864 in the plural, regnant populi («the peoples rule»), but subsequently changed to the singular. |
| Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae | Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary | Former motto of Hungary. |
| regressus ad uterum | return to the womb | Concept used in psychoanalysis by Sándor Ferenczi and the Budapest School. |
| rem acu tetigisti | You have touched the point with a needle | i.e., «You have hit the nail on the head» |
| renovatio urbis | urban renewal | a period of city planning and architectural updating in Renaissance Italy, i.e. the vast architectural programme begun under Doge Andrea Gritti in Venice[128] |
| repetita iuvant | repeating does good | Lit: «Repeated things help». Usually said as a jocular remark to defend the speaker’s (or writer’s) choice to repeat some important piece of information to ensure reception by the audience. |
| repetitio est mater studiorum | repetition is the mother of study/learning | |
| requiem aeternam dona ei(s), Domine | give him/her (them) eternal rest, O Lord | From the Christian prayer Eternal Rest, said for the dead. Source of the term requiem, meaning the Mass for the Dead or a musical setting thereof. |
| requiescat in pace (R.I.P.) | let him/her rest in peace | Or «may he/she rest in peace». A benediction for the dead. Often inscribed on tombstones or other grave markers. «RIP» is commonly reinterpreted as meaning the English phrase «Rest In Peace», the two meaning essentially the same thing. |
| rerum cognoscere causas | to learn the causes of things | Motto of the University of Sheffield, the University of Guelph, and London School of Economics. |
| res firma mitescere nescit | a firm resolve does not know how to weaken | Used in the 1985 film American Flyers where it is colloquially translated as «once you got it up, keep it up». |
| res gestae | things done | A phrase used in law representing the belief that certain statements are made naturally, spontaneously and without deliberation during the course of an event, they leave little room for misunderstanding/misinterpretation upon hearing by someone else (i.e. by the witness who will later repeat the statement to the court). As a result, the courts believe that such statements carry a high degree of credibility, and may admit them as an exception to the rule against hearsay. |
| res ipsa loquitur | the thing speaks for itself | A phrase from the common law of torts meaning that negligence can be inferred from the fact that such an accident happened, without proof of exactly how. |
| res judicata | judged thing | A matter which has been decided by a court. Often refers to the legal concept that once a matter has been finally decided by the courts, it cannot be litigated again (cf. non bis in idem and double jeopardy). |
| res, non verba | «actions speak louder than words», or «deeds, not words» | From rēs («things, facts») the plural of rēs («a thing, a fact») + nōn («not») + verba («words») the plural of verbum («a word»). Literally meaning «things, not words» or «facts instead of words» but referring to that «actions be used instead of words». |
| res nullius | nobody’s property | Goods without an owner. Used for things or beings which belong to nobody and are up for grabs, e.g., uninhabited and uncolonized lands, wandering wild animals, etc. (cf. terra nullius, «no man’s land»). |
| res publica | Pertaining to the state or public | source of the word republic |
| respice adspice prospice | look behind, look here, look ahead | i.e., «examine the past, the present and future». Motto of CCNY. |
| respice finem | look back at the end | i.e., «have regard for the end» or «consider the end». Generally a memento mori, a warning to remember one’s death. Motto of Homerton College, Cambridge, Trinity College, Kandy, Georgetown College in Kentucky, Turnbull High School, Glasgow, and the London Oratory School. |
| respondeat superior | let the superior respond | Regarded as a legal maxim in agency law, referring to the legal liability of the principal with respect to an employee. Whereas a hired independent contractor acting tortiously may not cause the principal to be legally liable, a hired employee acting tortiously will cause the principal (the employer) to be legally liable, even if the employer did nothing wrong. |
| restitutio ad (or in) integrum | restoration to original condition | Principle behind the awarding of damages in common law negligence claims |
| resurgam | I shall arise | «I shall rise again», expressing Christian faith in resurrection at the Last Day. It appears, inter alia, in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, as the epitaph written on Helen Burns’s grave; in a poem of Emily Dickinson: Poems (1955) I. 56 (« ’Arcturus’ is his other name»), I slew a worm the other day – A ‘Savant’ passing by Murmured ‘Resurgam’ – ‘Centipede’! ‘Oh Lord – how frail are we’!; and in a letter of Vincent van Gogh.[129] The OED gives «1662 J. Trapp, Annotations upon the Old and New Testament, in five distinct volumes (London, 1662), vol. I, p. 142: «Howbeit he had hope in his death, and might write Resurgam on his grave» as its earliest attribution in the English corpus. |
| retine vim istam, falsa enim dicam, si coges | Restrain your strength, for if you compel me I will tell lies | An utterance by the Delphic oracle recorded by Eusebius of Caesarea in Praeparatio evangelica, VI-5, translated from the Greek of Porphyry (c.f. E. H. Gifford’s translation)[130] and used by William Wordsworth as a subtitle for his ballad «Anecdote for Fathers». |
| rex regum fidelum et | king even of faithful kings | Latin motto that appears on the crest of the Trinity Broadcasting Network of Paul and Jan Crouch. |
| rigor mortis | stiffness of death | The rigidity of corpses when chemical reactions cause the limbs to stiffen about 3–4 hours after death. Other signs of death include drop in body temperature (algor mortis, «cold of death») and discoloration (livor mortis, «bluish color of death»). |
| risum teneatis, amici? | Can you help laughing, friends? | An ironic or rueful commentary, appended following a fanciful or unbelievable tale. |
| risus abundat in ore stultorum | laughter is abundant in the mouth of fools | excessive and inappropriate laughter signifies stupidity. |
| Roma invicta | Unconquered Rome | Inspirational motto inscribed on the Statue of Rome. |
| Roma locuta, causa finita | Rome has spoken, the case is closed | In Roman Catholic ecclesiology, doctrinal matters are ultimately decided by the Vatican. |
| Romanes eunt domus | People called Romans they go the house | An intentionally garbled Latin phrase from Monty Python’s Life of Brian. Its intended meaning is «Romans, go home!», in Latin Romani ite domum. |
| rorate coeli | drop down ye heavens | a.k.a. The Advent Prose. |
| rosam quae meruit ferat | She who has earned the rose may bear it | Motto from Sweet Briar College |
| rus in urbe | A countryside in the city | Generally used to refer to a haven of peace and quiet within an urban setting, often a garden, but can refer to interior decoration. |
S[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| saltus in demonstrando | leap in explaining | a leap in logic, by which a necessary part of an equation is omitted. |
| salus in arduis | a stronghold (or refuge) in difficulties | a Roman Silver Age maxim. Also the school motto of Wellingborough School. |
| salus populi suprema lex esto | the welfare of the people is to be the highest law | From Cicero’s De Legibus, book III, part III, sub. VIII. Quoted by John Locke in his Second Treatise, On Civil Government, to describe the proper organization of government. Also the state motto of Missouri. |
| salva veritate | with truth intact | Refers to two expressions that can be interchanged without changing the truth value of the statements in which they occur. |
| Salvator Mundi | Savior of the World | Christian epithet, usually referring to Jesus. The title of paintings by Albrecht Dürer and Leonardo da Vinci. |
| salvo errore et omissione (s.e.e.o.) | save for error and omission | Used as a reservation on statements of financial accounts. Often now given in English «errors and omissions excluded» or «e&oe». |
| salvo honoris titulo (SHT) | save for title of honor | Addressing oneself to someone whose title is unknown. |
| Sancta Sedes | Holy Chair | literally, «holy seat». Refers to the Papacy or the Holy See. |
| sancta simplicitas | holy innocence | Or «sacred simplicity». |
| sancte et sapienter | in a holy and wise way | Also sancte sapienter (holiness, wisdom), motto of several institutions, notably King’s College London |
| sanctum sanctorum | Holy of Holies | referring to a more sacred and/or guarded place, within a lesser guarded, yet also holy location. |
| sapere aude | dare to know | From Horace’s Epistularum liber primus, Epistle II, line 40. Made popular in Kant’s essay Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment? defining the Age of Enlightenment. The phrase is common usage as a university motto. |
| sapiens qui prospicit | wise is he who looks ahead | Motto of Malvern College, England |
| sapienti sat | enough for the wise | From Plautus. Indicates that something can be understood without any need for explanation, as long as the listener has enough wisdom or common sense. Often extended to dictum sapienti sat est («enough has been said for the wise», commonly translated as «a word to the wise is enough»). |
| sapientia et doctrina | wisdom and learning | Motto of Fordham University, New York. Motto of Hill House School Doncaster, England. |
| sapientia et eloquentia | wisdom and eloquence | One of the mottos of the Ateneo schools in the Philippines.[131] |
| sapientia et veritas | wisdom and truth | Motto of Christchurch Girls’ High School, New Zealand. |
| sapientia et virtus | wisdom and virtue | Motto of the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. |
| sapientia ianua vitae | wisdom is the gateway to life | Motto of the Wirral Grammar School for Boys, Bebington, England. |
| sapientia melior auro | wisdom is better than gold | Motto of University of Deusto, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Spain. |
| sapientia, pax, fraternitas | Wisdom, Peace, Fraternity | Motto of Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, Cholula, Mexico. |
| sapientia potentia est | wisdom is power | Motto of the House of Akeleye, Sweden, Denmark, Czechoslovakia. |
| sat celeriter fieri quidquid fiat satis bene | That which has been done well has been done quickly enough | One of the two favorite maxims of Augustus. The other is «festina lente» («hurry slowly», i. e., if you want to go fast, go slow).[132] |
| scientia ac labore | By/From/With knowledge and labour | Motto of several institutions |
| scientia, aere perennius | knowledge, more lasting than bronze | unknown origin, probably adapted from Horace’s ode III (Exegi monumentum aere perennius). |
| scientia cum religione | religion and knowledge united | Motto of St Vincent’s College, Potts Point |
| scientiae cedit mare | The sea yields to knowledge | Motto of the United States Coast Guard Academy. |
| scientia dux vitae certissimus | Science is the truest guide in life | Motto of the Middle East Technical University. |
| scientiae et patriae | For science and fatherland | Motto of University of Latvia |
| scientia et labor | knowledge and work | motto of Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería |
| scientia et sapientia | knowledge and wisdom | motto of Illinois Wesleyan University |
| scientia imperii decus et tutamen | knowledge is the adornment and protection of the Empire | Motto of Imperial College London |
| scientia ipsa potentia est | knowledge itself is power | Stated originally by Sir Francis Bacon in Meditationes Sacrae (1597), which in modern times is often paraphrased as scientia est potestas or scientia potentia est (knowledge is power). |
| scientia, labor, libertas | science, labour, liberty | Motto of the Free University of Tbilisi. |
| scientia non olet | knowledge doesn’t smell | A variation on Emperor Vespasian’s pecunia non olet in Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum. Used to say the way in which we learn something doesn’t matter as long as it is knowledge acquired. |
| scientia vincere tenebras | conquering darkness by science | Motto of several institutions, such as the Brussels Free Universities (Université Libre de Bruxelles and Vrije Universiteit Brussel). |
| scilicet (sc. or ss.) | it is permitted to know | that is to say; to wit; namely; in a legal caption, it provides a statement of venue or refers to a location. |
| scio | I know | |
| scio me nihil scire | I know that I know nothing | |
| scire quod sciendum | knowledge which is worth having | motto of now defunct publisher Small, Maynard & Company |
| scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim | Each desperate blockhead dares to write | as translated by Philip Francis. From Horace, Epistularum liber secundus (1, 117)[133] and quoted in Fielding’s Tom Jones; lit: «Learned or not, we shall write poems without distinction.» |
| scuto amoris divini | by the shield of God’s love | The motto of Skidmore College |
| seculo seculorum | forever and ever | |
| sed ipse spiritus postulat pro nobis, gemitibus inenarrabilibus | But the same Spirit intercedes incessantly for us, with inexpressible groans | Romans 8:26 |
| sed terrae graviora manent | But on earth, worse things await | Virgil, Aeneid 6:84. |
| sede vacante | with the seat being vacant | The «seat» refers to the Holy See; the vacancy refers to the interregnum between two popes. |
| sedes apostolica | apostolic chair | Synonymous with Sancta Sedes. |
| sedes incertae | seat (i.e. location) uncertain | Used in biological classification to indicate that there is no agreement as to which higher order grouping a taxon should be placed into. Abbreviated sed. incert. |
| sedet, aeternumque sedebit | sit, be seated forever | from Virgil’s Aeneid 6:617: when you stop trying, then you lose |
| semel in anno licet insanire | once in a year one is allowed to go crazy | Concept expressed by various authors, such as Seneca, Saint Augustine and Horace. It became proverbial during the Middle Ages. |
| semper ad meliora | always towards better things | Motto of several institutions |
| semper anticus | always forward | Motto of the 45th Infantry Division (United States) and its successor, the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) |
| semper apertus | always open | Motto of University of Heidelberg |
| semper ardens | always burning | Motto of Carl Jacobsen and name of a line of beers by Danish brewery Carlsberg. |
| semper eadem | ever the same | personal motto of Elizabeth I, appears above her royal coat of arms. Used as motto of Elizabeth College, Guernsey, Channel Islands, which was founded by Elizabeth I, and of Ipswich School, to whom Elizabeth granted a royal charter. Also the motto of the City of Leicester and Prince George’s County. |
| semper excelsius | always higher | Motto of the K.A.V. Lovania Leuven and the House of Wrigley-Pimley-McKerr[134] |
| semper fidelis | always faithful | Motto of several institutions, e.g. United States Marine Corps |
| semper fortis | always brave | Unofficial motto of the United States Navy |
| semper idem | always the same | Motto of Underberg |
| semper in excretia sumus solim profundum variat | We’re always in the manure; only the depth varies. | Lord de Ramsey, House of Lords, 21 January 1998[135] |
| semper instans | always threatening | Motto of 846 NAS Royal Navy |
| semper invicta | always invincible | Motto of Warsaw |
| semper liber | always free | Motto of the city of Victoria, British Columbia |
| semper maior | always more, always greater | Motto of Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) |
| semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit | the necessity of proof always lies with the person who lays charges | Latin maxim often associated with the burden of proof in law or in philosophy |
| semper paratus | always prepared | Motto of several institutions, e.g. United States Coast Guard; see also nunquam non paratus (never unprepared) |
| semper primus | always first | Motto of several US military units |
| semper progrediens | always progressing | Motto of the island of Sint Maarten, of King City Secondary School in King City, Ontario, Canada and of Fairfax High School (Fairfax, Virginia) |
| semper reformanda | always in need of being reformed | A phrase deriving from the Nadere Reformatie movement in the seventeenth century Dutch Reformed Church and widely but informally used in Reformed and Presbyterian churches today. It refers to the conviction of certain Reformed Protestant theologians that the church must continually re-examine itself in order to maintain its purity of doctrine and practice. The term first appeared in print in Jodocus van Lodenstein, Beschouwinge van Zion (Contemplation of Zion), Amsterdam, 1674.[136] |
| semper supra | always above | Motto of the United States Space Force |
| semper sursum | always aim high | Motto of several institutions |
| semper vigilans | always vigilant | Motto of several institutions including the Civil Air Patrol of the United States Air Force, the city of San Diego, California |
| semper vigilo | always vigilant | Motto of the Scottish Police Forces, Scotland |
| Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) | The Senate and the People of Rome | The official name of the Roman Republic. «SPQR» was carried on battle standards by the Roman legions. In addition to being an ancient Roman motto, it remains the motto of the modern city of Rome. |
| sensu lato | with the broad, or general, meaning | Less literally, «in the wide sense». |
| sensu stricto cf. stricto sensu | «with the tight meaning» | Less literally, «in the strict sense». |
| sensus plenior | in the fuller meaning | In biblical exegesis, the deeper meaning intended by God, not intended by the human author. |
| sequere pecuniam | follow the money | In an effort to understand why things may be happening contrary to expectations, or even in alignment with them, this idiom suggests that keeping track of where money is going may show the basis for the observed behavior. Similar in spirit to the phrase cui bono (who gains?) or cui prodest (who advances?), but outside those phrases’ historically legal context. |
| Sermo Tuus Veritas Est | Thy Word Is Truth | motto of the General Theological Seminary, Cornelius Fontem Esua |
| sero venientes male sedentes | those who are late are poorly seated | |
| sero venientibus ossa | those who are late get bones | |
| servabo fidem | Keeper of the faith | I will keep the faith. |
| serviam | I will serve | The answer of St. Michael the Archangel to the non serviam, «I will not serve» of Satan, when the angels were tested by God on whether they will serve an inferior being, a man, Jesus, as their Lord. |
| servus servorum Dei | servant of the servants of God | A title for the Pope. |
| sesquipedalia verba | words a foot and a half long | From Horace’s Ars Poetica, «proicit ampullas et sesquipedalia verba» («he throws down his high-flown language and his foot-and-a-half-long words»). A self-referential jab at long words and needlessly elaborate language in general. |
| Si comprehendis [,] non est Deus | if you understand [something], it is not God | Augustine of Hippo, Sermo 117.3.5; PL 38, 663 |
| si dormiam capiar | If I sleep, I may be caught | Motto of HMS Wakeful (H88) |
| Si monumentum requiris circumspice | If you seek (his) monument, look around you | from the epitaph on Christopher Wren’s tomb in St Paul’s Cathedral. |
| Si non oscillas, noli tintinnare | If you can’t swing, don’t ring | Inscribed on a plaque above the front door of the Playboy mansion in Chicago. |
| si omnes… ego non | if all ones… not I | |
| si peccasse negamus fallimur et nulla est in nobis veritas | if we deny having made a mistake, we are deceived, and there’s no truth in us | From Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, where the phrase is translated «if we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there’s no truth in us.» (cf. 1 John 1:8 in the New Testament) |
| si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice | if you seek a delightful peninsula, look around | Said to have been based on the tribute to architect Christopher Wren in St Paul’s Cathedral, London: si monumentum requiris, circumspice (see above). State motto of Michigan, adopted in 1835; the spelling of ‘peninsulam’ is used in the motto, although the correct ancient spelling is ‘paeninsulam’. |
| si quid novisti rectius istis, candidus imperti; si nil, his utere mecum. | if you can better these principles, tell me; if not, join me in following them | Horace, Epistles I :6, 67–68 |
| si tacuisses, philosophus mansisses | If you had kept your silence, you would have stayed a philosopher | This quote is often attributed to the Latin philosopher Boethius of the late fifth and early sixth centuries. It translates literally as, «If you had been silent, you would have remained a philosopher.» The phrase illustrates a common use of the subjunctive verb mood. |
| si vales valeo (SVV) | if you are well, I am well (abbr) | A common beginning for ancient Roman letters. An abbreviation of si vales bene est ego valeo, alternatively written as SVBEEV. The practice fell out of fashion and into obscurity with the decline in Latin literacy. |
| si vis amari ama | If you want to be loved, love | This is often attributed to the Roman philosopher Seneca, found in the sixth of his letters to Lucilius. |
| si vis pacem, para bellum | if you want peace, prepare for war | From Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, De Re Militari. Origin of the name parabellum for some ammunition and firearms, such as the Luger Parabellum. (Similar to igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum and in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello.) |
| sic | thus | Or «just so». States that the preceding quoted material appears exactly that way in the source, despite any errors of spelling, grammar, usage, or fact that may be present. Used only for previous quoted text; ita or similar must be used to mean «thus» when referring to something about to be stated. |
| sic currite ut comprehendatis | Run to win | More specifically, So run, that ye may obtain, 1 Corinthians 24. Motto of Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea. |
| sic et non | thus and not | More simply, «yes and no». |
| sic gorgiamus allos subjectatos nunc | we gladly feast on those who would subdue us | Mock-Latin motto of The Addams Family. |
| sic infit | so it begins | |
| sic itur ad astra | thus you shall go to the stars | From Virgil, Aeneid book IX, line 641. Possibly the source of the ad astra phrases. Motto of several institutions, including the Royal Canadian Air Force. |
| sic parvis magna | greatness from small beginnings | Motto of Sir Francis Drake |
| sic passim | Thus here and there | Used when referencing books; see passim. |
| sic semper erat, et sic semper erit | Thus has it always been, and thus shall it ever be | |
| sic semper tyrannis | thus always to tyrants | Attributed to Brutus at the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination and to John Wilkes Booth at the time of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination; whether it was actually said at either of these events is disputed. State motto of Virginia, adopted in 1776. |
| sic transit gloria mundi | thus passes the glory of the world | A reminder that all things are fleeting. During Papal coronations, a monk reminds the Pope of his mortality by saying this phrase, preceded by pater sancte («holy father») while holding before his eyes a burning paper illustrating the passing nature of earthly glories. This is similar to the tradition of a slave in a Roman triumphs whispering memento mori in the ear of the celebrant. |
| sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas | use [what is] yours so as not to harm [what is] of others | Or «use your property in such a way that you do not damage others'». A legal maxim related to property ownership laws, often shortened to simply sic utere («use it thus»). |
| sic vita est | thus is life | Or «such is life». Indicates that a circumstance, whether good or bad, is an inherent aspect of living. |
| sidere mens eadem mutato | Though the constellations change, the mind is universal | Latin motto of the University of Sydney. |
| signetur (sig or S/) | let it be labeled | Medical shorthand |
| signum fidei | Sign of the Faith | Motto of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. |
| silentium est aureum | silence is golden | Latinization of the English expression «silence is golden». Also Latinized as silentium est aurum («silence is gold»). |
| similia similibus curantur
similia similibus curentur |
similar things are taken care of by similar things
let similar things be taken care of by similar things |
«like cures like» and «let like be cured by like»; the first form («curantur») is indicative, while the second form («curentur») is subjunctive. The indicative form is found in Paracelsus (16th century), while the subjunctive form is said by Samuel Hahnemann, founder of homeopathy, and is known as the law of similars. |
| similia similibus solvuntur | similar substances will dissolve similar substances | Used as a general rule in chemistry; «like dissolves like» refers to the ability of polar or non polar solvents to dissolve polar or non polar solutes respectively.[137] |
| simplex sigillum veri | simplicity is the sign of truth | expresses a sentiment akin to Keep It Simple, Stupid |
| sincere et constanter | sincere and constant | Motto of the Order of the Red Eagle |
| sine anno (s.a.) | without a year | Used in bibliographies to indicate that the date of publication of a document is unknown. |
| sine die | without a day | Originally from old common law texts, where it indicates that a final, dispositive order has been made in the case. In modern legal context, it means there is nothing left for the court to do, so no date for further proceedings is set, resulting in an «adjournment sine die». |
| sine ira et studio | without anger and fondness | Thus, impartially. From Tacitus, Annals 1.1. |
| sine honoris titulo | without honorary title | Addressing oneself to someone whose title is unknown. |
| sine labore non erit panis in ore | without labour there will be no bread in mouth | |
| sine loco (s.l.) | without a place | Used in bibliographies to indicate that the place of publication of a document is unknown. |
| sine metu | «without fear» | Motto of Jameson Irish Whiskey |
| sine nomine (s.n.) | «without a name» | Used in bibliographies to indicate that the publisher of a document is unknown. |
| sine poena nulla lex | Without penalty, there is no law | Refers to the ineffectiveness of a law without the means of enforcement |
| sine prole | Without offspring | Frequently abbreviated to «s.p.» or «d.s.p.» (decessit sine prole – «died without offspring») in genealogical works. |
| sine prole superstite | Without surviving children | Without surviving offspring (even in abstract terms) |
| sine timore aut favore | Without Fear or Favor | St.George’s School, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada motto |
| sine qua non | without which not | Used to denote something that is an essential part of the whole. See also condicio sine qua non. |
| sine remediis medicina debilis est | without remedies medicine is powerless | Inscription on a stained glass in the conference hall of a pharmaceutical mill in Kaunas, Lithuania. |
| sine scientia ars nihil est | without knowledge, skill is nothing | Motto of The International Diving Society and of the Oxford Medical Students’ Society. |
| sisto activitatem | I cease the activity | Phrase, used to cease the activities of the Sejm upon the liberum veto principle |
| sit nomen Domini benedictum | blessed be the name of the Lord | Phrase used in a pontifical blessing imparted by a Catholic bishop |
| sit nomine digna | may it be worthy of the name | National motto of Rhodesia, also motto of Durbanville, South Africa |
| sit sine labe decus | let honour stainless be | Motto of the Brisbane Boys’ College (Brisbane, Australia). |
| sit tibi terra levis | may the earth be light to you | Commonly used on gravestones, often contracted as S.T.T.L., the same way as today’s R.I.P. |
| sit venia verbo | may there be forgiveness for the word | Similar to the English idiom «pardon my French». |
| socratici viri | «Socrates’ men» or «Disciples of Socrates» | Coined by Cicero[138][139] to refer to any who owe philosophical reasoning and method to Socrates. |
| sol iustitiae illustra nos | sun of justice, shine upon us | Motto of Utrecht University. |
| sol lucet omnibus | the sun shines on everyone | Petronius, Satyricon Lybri 100. |
| sol omnia regit | the sun rules over everything | Inscription near the entrance to Frombork Museum |
| sola fide | by faith alone | The material principle of the Protestant Reformation and one of the five solas, referring to the Protestant claim that the Bible teaches that men are saved by faith even without works. |
| sola dosis facit venemum | the dose makes the poison | It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim «All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.» |
| sola gratia | by grace alone | A motto of the Protestant Reformation and one of the five solas, referring to the Protestant claim that salvation is an unearned gift (cf. ex gratia), not a direct result of merit. |
| sola lingua bona est lingua mortua | the only good language is a dead language | Example of dog Latin humor. |
| sola scriptura | by scripture alone | The formal principle of the Protestant Reformation and one of the five solas, referring to the Protestant idea that the Bible alone is the ultimate authority, not the Pope or tradition. |
| sola nobilitat virtus | virtue alone ennobles | Similar to virtus sola nobilitas |
| solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris | misery loves company | From Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. |
| soli Deo gloria (S.D.G.) | glory to God alone | A motto of the Protestant Reformation and one of the five solas, referring to the idea that God is the creator of all good things and deserves all the praise for them. Johann Sebastian Bach often signed his manuscripts with the abbreviation S.D.G. to invoke this phrase, as well as with AMDG (ad maiorem Dei gloriam). The motto of the MasterWorks Festival, an annual Christian performing arts festival. |
| solus Christus | Christ alone | A motto of the Protestant Reformation and one of the five solas, referring to the Protestant claim that the Bible teaches that Jesus is the only mediator between God and mankind. Also rendered solo Christo («by Christ alone»). |
| solus ipse | I alone | |
| solvitur ambulando | it is solved by walking | The problem is solved by taking a walk, or by simple experiment. |
| Spartam nactus es; hanc exorna | your lot is cast in Sparta, be a credit to it | from Euripides’s Telephus, Agamemnon to Menelaus.[140] |
| specialia generalibus derogant | special departs from general | |
| species nova | new species | Used in biological taxonomy |
| spectemur agendo | let us be judged by our acts | Motto of Hawthorn Football Club |
| Speculum Dinae | Diana’s Mirror | Lake Nemi as referred to by poets and painters[141] |
| speculum speculorum | mirror of mirrors | |
| spem gregis | the hope of the flock | from Virgil’s Eclogues |
| spem reduxit | he has restored hope | Motto of New Brunswick. |
| spero meliora | I aspire to greater things | Also translated «I expect better» and «I hope for better things.» |
| spes bona | good hope | Motto of University of Cape Town. |
| spes vincit thronum | hope conquers (overcomes) the throne | Refers to Revelation 3:21, «To him that overcometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, even as I also overcame, and am set down with my Father in his throne.» On the John Winthrop family tombstone, Boston, Massachusetts. |
| spiritus mundi | spirit of the world | From The Second Coming (poem) by William Butler Yeats. Refers to Yeats’ belief that each human mind is linked to a single vast intelligence, and that this intelligence causes certain universal symbols to appear in individual minds. The idea is similar to Carl Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious. |
| spiritus ubi vult spirat | the spirit spreads wherever it wants | Refers to The Gospel of Saint John 3:8, where he mentions how Jesus told Nicodemus «The wind blows wherever it wants, and even though you can hear its noise, you don’t know where it comes from or where it goes. The same thing happens to whomever has been born of the Spirit.» It is the motto of Cayetano Heredia University[142] |
| splendor sine occasu | brightness without setting | Loosely «splendour without diminishment» or «magnificence without ruin». Motto of British Columbia. |
| stamus contra malo | we stand against by evil | The motto of the Jungle Patrol in The Phantom. The phrase actually violates Latin grammar because of a mistranslation from English, as the preposition contra takes the accusative case. The correct Latin rendering of «we stand against evil» would be «stamus contra malum«. |
| stante pede | with a standing foot | «Immediately». |
| stare decisis | to stand by the decided things | To uphold previous rulings, recognize precedent. |
| stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus | the rose of old remains only in its name; we hold only empty names | An epigraph quoted at the end of Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose. A verse by Bernard of Cluny (although likely mistranscribed in medieval times from an original stat Roma pristina nomine…, «primordial Rome remains only in its name…»). |
| stat sua cuique dies | There is a day [turn] for everybody | Virgil, Aeneid, X 467 |
| statim (stat) | «immediately» | Medical shorthand used following an urgent request.[143] |
| statio bene fide carinis | A safe harbour for ships | Motto of Cork City, Ireland. Adapted from Virgil’s Aeneid (II, 23: statio male fida carinis, «an unsafe harbour») but corrupted for unknown reasons to «fide». |
| status aparte | separate state | The special status of Aruba between 1986 and 2010 as a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, separate from the Netherlands Antilles to which it belonged until 1986. |
| status quaestionis | the state of investigation | most commonly employed in scholarly literature to refer in a summary way to the accumulated results, scholarly consensus, and areas remaining to be developed on any given topic. |
| status quo | the state in which | The current condition or situation. |
| status quo ante | the state in which [things were] before | The state of affairs prior to some upsetting event. Often used as a legal term. |
| status quo ante bellum | the state before the war | A common term in peace treaties. |
| stet | let it stand | Marginal mark in proofreading to indicate that something previously deleted or marked for deletion should be retained. |
| stet fortuna domus | let the fortune of the house stand | First part of the motto of Harrow School, England, and inscribed upon Ricketts House, at the California Institute of Technology. |
| stipendium peccati mors est | the reward of sin is death | From Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. (See Rom 6:23, «For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.») |
| strenuis ardua cedunt | the heights yield to endeavour | Motto of the University of Southampton. |
| stricto sensu cf. sensu stricto | with the tight meaning | Less literally, «in the strict sense». |
| stupor mundi | the wonder of the world | A title given to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. More literally translated «the bewilderment of the world», or, in its original, pre-Medieval sense, «the stupidity of the world». |
| sua sponte | by its own accord | Legal term when a court takes up a motion on its own initiative, not because any of the parties to the case has made the motion. The regimental motto of the 75th Ranger Regiment of the U.S. Army. |
| suaviter in modo, fortiter in re | gently in manner, resolutely in execution | Motto of Essendon Football Club |
| sub anno | under the year | Commonly abbreviated s.a., it is used to cite events recorded in chronicles according to the year under which they are listed. For example, «ASC MS A, s.a. 855″ means the entry for the year 855 in manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. |
| sub cruce lumen | The Light Under the Cross | Motto of the University of Adelaide, Australia. Refers to the figurative «light of learning» and the Southern Cross constellation, Crux. |
| sub divo | under the wide open sky | Also, «under the sky», «in the open air», «out in the open» or «outdoors». Ablative «divo» does not distinguish divus, divi, a god, from divum, divi, the sky. |
| sub finem | toward the end | Used in citations to refer to the end of a book, page, etc., and abbreviated ‘s.f.’ Used after the page number or title. E.g., ‘p. 20 s.f. ‘ |
| sub Iove frigido | under cold Jupiter | At night; from Horace’s Odes 1.1:25 |
| sub judice | under a judge | Said of a case that cannot be publicly discussed until it is finished. Also sub iudice. |
| sub poena | under penalty | Source of the English noun subpoena. Said of a request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of punishment. Examples include sub poena duces tecum («take with you under penalty»), a court summons to appear and produce tangible evidence, and sub poena ad testificandum («under penalty to testify»), a summons to appear and give oral testimony. |
| sub rosa | under the rose | «In secret», «privately», «confidentially», or «covertly». In the Middle Ages, a rose was suspended from the ceiling of a council chamber to indicate that what was said in the «under the rose» was not to be repeated outside. This practice originates in Greek mythology, where Aphrodite gave a rose to her son Eros, and he, in turn, gave it to Harpocrates, the god of silence, to ensure that his mother’s indiscretions—or those of the gods in general, in other accounts—were kept under wraps. |
| sub nomine (sub nom.) | under the name | «in the name of», «under the title of»; used in legal citations to indicate the name under which the litigation continued. |
| sub silentio | under silence | implied but not expressly stated. |
| sub specie aeternitatis | under the sight of eternity | Thus, «from eternity’s point of view». From Spinoza, Ethics. |
| sub specie Dei | under the sight of God | «from God’s point of view or perspective». |
| sub tuum praesidium | Beneath thy compassion | Name of the oldest extant hymn to the Theotokos (Blessed Virgin Mary). Also «under your protection». A popular school motto. |
| Sub umbra floreo | Under the shade I flourish | National Motto of Belize, referring to the shade of the mahogany tree. |
| sub verbo; sub voce | Under the word or heading, as in a dictionary; abbreviated s.v. | |
| sublimis ab unda | Raised from the waves | Motto of King Edward VII and Queen Mary School, Lytham |
| subsiste sermonem statim | stop speaking immediately | |
| Succisa virescit | Cut down, we grow back stronger | Motto of Delbarton School |
| Sudetia non cantat | One doesn’t sing on the Sudeten Mountains | Saying from Hanakia |
| sui generis | Of its own kind | In a class of its own; of a unique kind. E.g. «The City of London is a sui generis entity, with ancient rights that differ from all other jurisdictions in the United Kingdom.» |
| sui iuris | Of one’s own right | Capable of responsibility. Has both legal and ecclesiastical use. Commonly rendered sui juris. |
| sum quod eris | I am what you will be | A gravestone inscription to remind the reader of the inevitability of death (cf. memento mori). Also rendered fui quod sis («I have been what you are») and tu fui ego eris («I have been you, you will be I»). |
| sum quod sum | I am what I am | from Augustine’s Sermon No. 76.[144] |
| summa cum laude | with highest praise | |
| summa potestas | sum or totality of power | It refers to the final authority of power in government. For example, power of the Sovereign. |
| summa summarum | all in all | Literally «sum of sums». When a short conclusion is rounded up at the end of some elaboration. |
| summum bonum | the supreme good | Literally «highest good». Also summum malum («the supreme evil»). |
| summum ius, summa iniuria | supreme law, supreme injustice | From Cicero (De officiis, I, 10, 33). An acritical application of law, without understanding and respect of laws’s purposes and without considering the overall circumstances, is often a means of supreme injustice. A similar sentence appears in Terence (Heautontimorumenos, IV, 5): Ius summum saepe summa est malitia («supreme justice is often out of supreme malice (or wickedness)»). |
| sumptibus auctoris | published [cost of printing paid] by author | Found in self-published academic books of the 17th to 19th century. Often preceded by Latin name of city in which the work is published. |
| sunt lacrimae rerum | there are tears for things | From Virgil, Aeneid. Followed by et mentem mortalia tangunt («and mortal things touch my mind»). Aeneas cries as he sees Carthaginian temple murals depicting the deaths of the Trojan War. See also hinc illae lacrimae. |
| sunt omnes unum | they are all one | |
| sunt pueri pueri, pueri puerilia tractant | Children are children, and children do childish things | anonymous proverb |
| sunt superis sua iura | the gods have their own laws | From Ovid’s Metamorphoses, book IX, line 500; also used by David Hume in The Natural History of Religion, chapter XIII |
| suo jure | in one’s own right | Used in the context of titles of nobility, for instance where a wife may hold a title in her own right rather than through her marriage. |
| suo motu | upon one’s own initiative | Also rendered suo moto. Usually used when a court of law, upon its own initiative, (i.e., no petition has been filed) proceeds against a person or authority that it deems has committed an illegal act. It is used chiefly in South Asia.[citation needed] |
| suos cultores scientia coronat | Knowledge crowns those who seek her | The motto of Syracuse University, New York. |
| super firmum fundamentum dei | On the firm foundation of God | The motto of Ursinus College, Pennsylvania. |
| super fornicam | on the lavatory | Where Thomas More accused the reformer, Martin Luther, of going to celebrate Mass. |
| superbia in proelia | pride in battle | Motto of Manchester City F.C. |
| superbus via inscientiae | proud of the way of ignorance | Motto of the Alien Research Labs of the fictional Black Mesa Research Facility in the video game Half-Life (1998) |
| supero omnia | I surpass everything | A declaration that one succeeds above all others. |
| surdo oppedere | to belch before the deaf | From Erasmus’ collection of annotated Adagia (1508): a useless action. |
| surgam | I shall rise | Motto of Columbia University’s Philolexian Society. |
| sursum corda | Lift up your hearts | Motto of Haileybury College, Hertfordshire. The opening dialogue to the preface of the Eucharistic Prayer or Anaphora in the liturgies of the Christian Church. Hymnal for the German diocese of Paderborn from 1874 to 1975. |
| sutor, ne ultra crepidam | Cobbler, no further than the sandal! | Thus, don’t offer your opinion on things that are outside your competence. It is said that the Greek painter Apelles once asked the advice of a cobbler on how to render the sandals of a soldier he was painting. When the cobbler started offering advice on other parts of the painting, Apelles rebuked him with this phrase in Greek, and it subsequently became a popular Latin expression. |
| suum cuique tribuere | to render to every man his due | One of Justinian I’s three basic precepts of law. Also shortened to suum cuique («to each his own»). |
| s.v. | Abbreviation for sub verbo or sub voce (see above). |
T[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| tabula gratulatoria | congratulatory tablet | A list of congratulations. |
| tabula rasa | scraped tablet | Thus, «blank slate». Romans used to write on wax-covered wooden tablets, which were erased by scraping with the flat end of the stylus. John Locke used the term to describe the human mind at birth, before it had acquired any knowledge. |
| talis qualis | just as such | «Such as it is» or «as such». |
| taliter qualiter | somewhat | |
| talium Dei regnum | for of such (little children) is the kingdom of God | from St Mark’s gospel 10:14 «talium (parvuli) est enim regnum Dei«; similar in St Matthew’s gospel 19:14 «talium est enim regnum caelorum» («for of such is the kingdom of heaven»); motto of the Cathedral School, Townsville. |
| tanquam ex ungue leonem | we know the lion by his claw | Said in 1697 by Johann Bernoulli about Isaac Newton’s anonymously submitted solution to Bernoulli’s challenge regarding the Brachistochrone curve. |
| tarde venientibus ossa | To the late are left the bones | |
| Te occidere possunt sed te edere non possunt nefas est | They can kill you, but they cannot eat you, it is against the law. | The motto of the fictional Enfield Tennis Academy in the David Foster Wallace novel Infinite Jest. Translated in the novel as «They can kill you, but the legalities of eating you are quite a bit dicier». |
| technica impendi nationi | Technology impulses nations | Motto of Technical University of Madrid |
| temet nosce | know thyself | A reference to the Greek γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnothi seauton), inscribed on the pronaos of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, according to the Greek periegetic writer Pausanias (10.24.1). Rendered also with nosce te ipsum, temet nosce («thine own self know») appears in The Matrix translated as «know thyself». |
| tempora heroica | Heroic Age | Literally «Heroic Times»; refers to the period between the mythological Titanomachy and the (relatively) historical Trojan War. |
| tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis | the times are changing, and we change in them | 16th century variant of two classical lines of Ovid: tempora labuntur («time labors», Fasti) and omnia mutantur («everything changes», Metamorphoses). See entry for details. |
| tempus edax rerum | time, devourer of all things | Also «time, that devours all things», literally: «time, gluttonous of things», edax: adjectival form of the verb edo to eat. From Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15, 234-236. |
| tempus fugit | Time flees. Time flies. |
From Virgil’s Georgics (Book III, line 284), where it appears as fugit inreparabile tempus. A common sundial motto. See also tempus volat, hora fugit below. |
| tempus rerum imperator | time, commander of all things | «Tempus Rerum Imperator» has been adopted by the Google Web Accelerator project. It is shown in the «About Google Web Accelerator» page. Also, motto of Worshipful Company of Clockmakers. |
| tempus vernum | spring time | Name of song by popular Irish singer Enya |
| tempus volat, hora fugit | time flies, the hour flees | |
| tendit in ardua virtus | virtue strives for what is difficult | Appears in Ovid’s Epistulae ex Ponto |
| teneo te Africa | I hold you, Africa! | Suetonius attributes this to Julius Caesar, from when Caesar was on the African coast. |
| tentanda via | The way must be tried | motto for York University |
| ter in die (t.i.d.) | thrice in a day | Medical shorthand for «three times a day». |
| terminat hora diem; terminat auctor opus. | The hour finishes the day; the author finishes his work. | Phrase concluding Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus.[145] |
| terminus ante quem | limit before which | In archaeology or history, refers to the date before which an artefact or feature must have been deposited. Used with terminus post quem (limit after which). Similarly, terminus ad quem (limit to which) may also refer to the latest possible date of a non-punctual event (period, era, etc.), while terminus a quo (limit from which) may refer to the earliest such date. |
| terra australis incognita | unknown southern land | First name used to refer to the Australian continent |
| terra firma | solid earth | Often used to refer to the ground |
| terra incognita | unknown land | |
| terra nova | new land | Latin name of Newfoundland (island portion of Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, capital- St. John’s), also root of French name of same, Terre-Neuve |
| terra nullius | land of none | That is, no man’s land. A neutral or uninhabited area, or a land not under the sovereignty of any recognized political entity. |
| terras irradient | let them illuminate the lands | Or «let them give light to the world». An allusion to Isaiah 6.3: plena est omnis terra gloria eius («the whole earth is full of his glory»). Sometimes mistranslated as «they will illuminate the lands» based on mistaking irradiare for a future indicative third-conjugation verb, whereas it is actually a present subjunctive first-conjugation verb. Motto of Amherst College; the college’s original mission was to educate young men to serve God. |
| tertium non datur | no third (possibility) is given | A logical axiom that a claim is either true or false, with no third option. |
| tertium quid | a third something | 1. Something that cannot be classified into either of two groups considered exhaustive; an intermediate thing or factor. 2. A third person or thing of indeterminate character. |
| testis unus, testis nullus | one witness is not a witness | A law principle expressing that a single witness is not enough to corroborate a story. |
| textus receptus | received text | |
| Tibi cordi immaculato concredimus nos ac consecramus | We consecrate and entrust ourselves to your Immaculate heart (O Mary). | The inscription found on top of the central door of the Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, otherwise known as the Manila Cathedral in the Philippines |
| timeo Danaos et dona ferentes | I fear Greeks even if they bring gifts | Danaos being a term for the Greeks. In Virgil’s Aeneid, II, 49, the phrase is said by Laocoön when warning his fellow Trojans against accepting the Trojan Horse. The full original quote is quidquid id est timeo Danaos et dona ferentis, quidquid id est meaning «whatever it is» and ferentis being an archaic form of ferentes. Commonly mistranslated «Beware of Greeks bearing gifts». |
| timidi mater non flet | A coward’s mother does not weep | A proverb from Cornelius Nepos’s Vita of Thrasybulus: praeceptum illud omnium in animis esse debet, nihil in bello oportere contemni, neque sine causa dici matrem timidi flere non solere (that old precept has to be held by all in our minds: nothing should be condemned in war, and it is for a reason that it is said the mother of a coward does not weep [for her cowardly son]). |
| timor mortis conturbat me | the fear of death confounds me | Refrain originating in the response to the seventh lesson in the Office of the Dead. In the Middle Ages, this service was read each day by clerics. As a refrain, it appears also in other poems and can frequently be found inscribed on tombs. |
| toto cælo | by whole heaven | as far apart as possible; utterly. |
| totus tuus | totally yours | Offering one’s life in total commitment to another. The motto was adopted by Pope John Paul II to signify his love and servitude to Mary the Mother of Jesus. |
| traditionis custodes | guardians of tradition | Motu proprio issued by Pope Francis in 2021 regarding the celebration of the Tridentine Mass. |
| transire benefaciendo | to travel along while doing good | Literally «beneficial passage.» Mentioned in «The Seamy Side of History» (L’envers de l’histoire contemporaine, 1848), part of La Comédie humaine, by Honoré de Balzac, and Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne. |
| translatio imperii | transfer of rule | Used to express the belief in the transfer of imperial authority from the Roman Empire of antiquity to the Medieval Holy Roman Empire. |
| tres faciunt collegium | three makes company | It takes three to have a valid group; three is the minimum number of members for an organization or a corporation. |
| treuga Dei | Truce of God | A decree by the medieval Church that all feuds should be cancelled during the Sabbath—effectively from Wednesday or Thursday night until Monday. See also Peace and Truce of God. |
| tria juncta in uno | Three joined in one | Motto of the Order of the Bath |
| Triste est omne animal post coitum, præter mulierem gallumque | Every animal is sad after coitus except the human female and the rooster | |
| tu autem Domine miserere nobis | But Thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us | Phrase said at the end of biblical readings in the liturgy of the medieval church. Also used in brief, «tu autem», as a memento mori epitaph. |
| tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum | Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor | Motto of the Association of Canadian Knights of the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta.[146] |
| tu fui ego eris | I was you; you will be me | Thus, «what you are, I was; what I am, you will be.». A memento mori gravestone inscription to remind the reader that death is unavoidable (cf. sum quod eris). |
| tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito | you should not give in to evils, but proceed ever more boldly against them | From Virgil, Aeneid, 6, 95. «Ne cede malis» is the motto of The Bronx. |
| tu quoque | you too | The logical fallacy of attempting to defend one’s position merely by pointing out the same weakness in one’s opponent. |
| tu stultus es | you are stupid | Motto for the satirical news organization, The Onion |
| tuebor | I will protect | Found on the Great Seal on the flag of the state of Michigan. |
| tunica propior est pallio | A tunic is closer [to the body] than a cloak | From Plautus’ Trinummus 1154. Equivalent to «blood is thicker than water» in modern English. |
| turris fortis mihi Deus | God is my strong tower | Motto of the Kelly Clan |
| tutum te robore reddam | I will give you safety by strength | Motto of the Clan Crawford |
| tuum est | It’s up to you | Motto of the University of British Columbia |
U[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uberrima fides | most abundant faith | Or «utmost good faith» (cf. bona fide). A legal maxim of insurance contracts requiring all parties to deal in good faith. | ||
| ubertas et fidelitas | fertility and faithfulness | Motto of Tasmania. | ||
| ubi amor, ibi dolor | where [there is] love, there [is] pain | |||
| ubi bene, ibi patria | where [it is] well, there [is] the fatherland | Or «Home is where it’s good»; see also ubi panis ibi patria. | ||
| ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est | where there is charity and love, God is there | |||
| ubi dubium, ibi libertas | where [there is] doubt, there [is] freedom | Anonymous proverb. | ||
| ubi jus, ibi remedium | Where [there is] a right, there [is] a remedy | |||
| ubi mel, ibi apes | where [there is] honey, there [are] bees | Valuable things are often protected and difficult to obtain. | ||
| ubi libertas. ibi patria | where [there is] liberty, there [is] the fatherland | Or «where there is liberty, there is my country». Patriotic motto. | ||
| ubi nihil vales, ibi nihil velis | where you are worth nothing, there you will wish for nothing | From the writings of the Flemish philosopher Arnold Geulincx; also quoted by Samuel Beckett in his first published novel, Murphy. | ||
| ubi non accusator, ibi non iudex | where [there is] no accuser, there [is] no judge | Thus, there can be no judgment or case if no one charges a defendant with a crime. The phrase is sometimes parodied as «where there are no police, there is no speed limit». | ||
| ubi panis ibi patria | where there is bread, there is my country | |||
| ubi pus, ibi evacua | where there is pus, there evacuate it | |||
| ubi, re vera | when, in a true thing | Or «whereas, in reality…» Also rendered ubi, revera («when, in fact» or «when, actually»). | ||
| ubi societas, ibi ius | if there’s a society, law will be there | By Aristotle. | ||
| ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant | They make a desert and call it peace | from a speech by Calgacus reported/constructed by Tacitus, Agricola, ch. 30. | ||
| ubi sunt? | where are they? | Nostalgic theme of poems yearning for days gone by. From the line ubi sunt, qui ante nos fuerunt? («Where are they, those who have gone before us?»). | ||
| ubique, quo fas et gloria ducunt | everywhere, where right and glory leads | Motto of the Royal Engineers, Royal Artillery and most other Engineer or Artillery corps within the armies of the British Commonwealth (for example, the Royal Australian Engineers, Royal Canadian Engineers, Royal New Zealand Engineers, Royal Canadian Artillery, Royal Australian Artillery, Royal New Zealand Artillery). Interunit rivalry often leads to the sarcastic translation of ubique to mean all over the place in a derogative sense.
Motto of the American Council on Foreign Relations, where the translation of ubique is often given as omnipresent, with the implication of pervasive hidden influence.[147] |
||
| ultima forsan | perhaps the last | i.e. «perhaps your last hour.» A sundial inscription. | ||
| ultima ratio | last method the final argument the last resort (as force) |
|
||
| ultimo mense (ult.) | in the last month | Used in formal correspondence to refer to the previous month. Used with inst. («this month») and prox. («next month»). | ||
| ultra vires | beyond powers | «Without authority». Used to describe an action done without proper authority, or acting without the rules. The term will most often be used in connection with appeals and petitions. | ||
| ultra posse nemo obligatur | No one is obligated beyond what he is able to do. | |||
| ululas Athenas | (to send) owls to Athens | From Gerhard Gerhards’ (1466–1536) [better known as Erasmus] collection of annotated Adagia (1508). Latin translation of a classical Greek proverb. Generally means putting large effort in a necessarily fruitless enterprise. Compare «selling coal to Newcastle». | ||
| una hirundo non facit ver | one swallow does not make summer | A single example of something positive does not necessarily mean that all subsequent similar instances will have the same outcome. | ||
| una salus victis nullam sperare salutem | the only safety for the conquered is to hope for no safety | Less literally, «the only safe bet for the vanquished is to expect no safety». Preceded by moriamur et in media arma ruamus («let us die even as we rush into the midst of battle») in Virgil’s Aeneid, book 2, lines 353–354. Used in Tom Clancy’s novel Without Remorse, where character John Clark translates it as «the one hope of the doomed is not to hope for safety». It was said several times in «Andromeda» as the motto of the SOF units. | ||
| unitas, iustitia, spes | unity, justice, hope | Motto of Vilnius. | ||
| unitas per servitiam | unity through service | Motto for the St. Xavier’s Institution Board of Librarians. | ||
| uniti aedificamus | united we build | Motto of the Mississippi Makerspace Community | ||
| uno flatu | in one breath | Used in criticism of inconsistent pleadings, i.e. «one cannot argue uno flatu both that the company does not exist and that it is also responsible for the wrong.» | ||
| uno sumus animo | we are one of soul | Motto of Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden | ||
| unus multorum | one of many | An average person. | ||
| Unus papa Romae, unus portus Anconae, una turris Cremonae, una ceres Raconae | One pope in Rome, one port in Ancona, one tower in Cremona, one beer in Rakovník | Motto of the Czech Brewery in Rakovník.[149] | ||
| Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno | One for all, all for one | unofficial motto of Switzerland, popularized by The Three Musketeers | ||
| Urbi et Orbi | to the city and the circle [of the lands] | Meaning «To Rome and the World». A standard opening of Roman proclamations. Also a traditional blessing by the pope. | ||
| urbs in horto | city in a garden | Motto of the City of Chicago. | ||
| usque ad finem | to the very end | Often used in reference to battle, implying a willingness to keep fighting until you die. | ||
| usus est magister optimus | practice is the best teacher. | In other words, practice makes perfect. Also sometimes translated «use makes master.» | ||
| ut aquila versus coelum | As an eagle towards the sky | Motto of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine | ||
| ut biberent quoniam esse nollent | so that they might drink, since they refused to eat | Also rendered with quando («when») in place of quoniam. From a book by Suetonius (Vit. Tib., 2.2) and Cicero (De Natura Deorum, 2.3). The phrase was said by Roman admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher right before the battle of Drepana, as he threw overboard the sacred chickens which had refused to eat the grain offered them—an unwelcome omen of bad luck. Thus, the sense is, «if they do not perform as expected, they must suffer the consequences». He lost the battle disastrously. | ||
| ut cognoscant te | so that they may know You. | Motto of Boston College High School. | ||
| ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas | though the power be lacking, the will is to be praised all the same | From Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto (III, 4, 79). | ||
| ut dicitur | as has been said; as above | |||
| ut incepit fidelis sic permanet | as she began loyal, so she persists | Poetically, «Loyal she began, loyal she remains.» Motto of Ontario. | ||
| ut infra | as below | |||
| ut in omnibus glorificetur Deus. | that in all things, God may be glorified | Motto of the Order of Saint Benedict | ||
| ut mare quod ut ventus | to sea and into wind | Motto of USNS Washington Chambers | ||
| ut omnes te cognoscant | that all may know you | Motto of Niagara University | ||
| ut omnes unum sint | That they all may be one | Motto of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany, and the United Church of Canada | ||
| ut pictura poesis | as is painting so is poetry | quote most famously uttered in Horace’s Ars Poetica meaning poetry deserves the same careful interpretation as painting | ||
| ut prosim | that I may serve | Motto of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | ||
| ut proverbium loquitur vetus… | you know what they say… | Lit: As the old proverb says… | ||
| ut res magis valeat quam pereat | that the matter may have effect rather than fail[150] | |||
| ut retro | as backwards | Or «as on the back side»; thus, «as on the previous page» (cf. ut supra). | ||
| ut Roma cadit, sic omnis terra | as Rome falls, so [falls] the whole world | |||
| ut sit finis litium | so there might be an end of litigation | A traditional brocard. The full form is Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium, «it is in the government’s interest that there be an end to litigation.» Often quoted in the context of statutes of limitation. | ||
| ut supra | as above | |||
| ut tensio sic vis | as the extension, so the force | Robert Hooke’s expression of his discovery of his law of linear elasticity. Also: Motto of École Polytechnique de Montréal. Motto of the British Watch and Clockmaker’s Guild. | ||
| utilis in ministerium | usefulness in service | Comes from 2 Timothy 4:11. Motto of Camberwell Girls Grammar School. | ||
| utraque unum | both into one | Also translated as «that the two may be one.» Motto found in 18th century Spanish dollar coins. Motto of Georgetown University.From the Vulgate, Eph. 2:14, Ipse enim est pax nostra, qui fecit utraque unum, «For he is our peace, who hath made both one.» | ||
| utrinque paratus | ready for anything | Motto of The British Parachute Regiment. Motto of the Belize National Coast Guard. |
V[edit]
| Latin | Translation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| vacate et scire | Be still and know. | Motto of the University of Sussex |
| vade ad formicam | go to the ant | From the Vulgate, Proverbs 6:6. The full quotation translates as «Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise!»[Pro 6:6] |
| vade mecum | go with me | A vade-mecum or vademecum is an item one carries around, especially a handbook. |
| vade retro Satana | go back, Satan | An exhortation to Satan to be gone, often a Roman Catholic response to temptation. From a popular Medieval Roman Catholic exorcism formula, derived from the rebuke of Jesus Christ to St. Peter, as quoted in the Vulgate, Mark 8:33: vade retro me Satana («get behind Me, Satan»).[Mark 8:33] The phrase «vade retro» («go back») is also in Terence’s Formio, I, 4, 203. |
| vale | farewell | see also: ave atque vale |
| valenter volenter | strongly and willingly | Motto of HMS Valorous (L00) |
| vae, puto deus fio | ah, I think I am becoming a god | Last words of Vespasian according to Suetonius in his Twelve Caesars |
| vae victis | woe to the conquered | Attributed by Livy to Brennus, the chief of the Gauls, stated with his demand for more gold from the citizens of the sacked city of Rome in 390 BC. |
| vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas | vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity | Or more simply: «vanity, vanity, everything vanity». From the Vulgate, Ecclesiastes 1:2;12:8. |
| vaticinium ex eventu | prophecy from the event | A purported prediction stated as if it was made before the event it describes, while in fact being made thereafter. |
| vel non | or not | Summary of alternatives, e. g., «this action turns upon whether the claimant was the deceased’s grandson vel non.» |
| velle est posse | to be willing is to be able | Non-literally, «where there is a will, there is a way». It is the motto of Hillfield, one of the founding schools of Hillfield Strathallan College. |
| velocius quam asparagi coquantur | faster than asparagus can be cooked | Rendered by Robert Graves in I, Claudius as «as quick as boiled asparagus». Ascribed to Augustus by Suetonius in The Twelve Caesars, Book 2 (Augustus), para. 87. It refers to anything done very quickly. A very common variant is celerius quam asparagi cocuntur («faster than asparagus [is] cooked»). |
| velut arbor aevo | as a tree with the passage of time | Motto of the University of Toronto, Canada |
| veni, vidi, vici | I came, I saw, I conquered | The message supposedly sent by Julius Caesar to the Roman Senate to describe his battle against King Pharnaces II of Pontus near Zela in 47 BC. |
| venia aetatis | pardon my age | the privilege of age sometimes granted a minor under Roman or civil law, entitling the minor to the rights and liabilities of a person of full age, and resembling emancipation of minors in modern law |
| venturis ventis | to the coming winds | Motto of Brasília, the capital of Brazil |
| vera causa | true cause | |
| vera natura | true nature | Used in Metaphysics and specifically in Kant’s Transcendental Idealism to refer to a subject as it exists in its logically distinct form rather than as it is perceived by the human faculty.[151][152] |
| verba docent exempla trahunt | words instruct, illustrations lead | This refers to the relevance of illustrations, for example in preaching. |
| verba ex ore | words from mouth | Taking the words out of someone’s mouth, speaking exactly what the other colloquist wanted to say. |
| verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat quam pereat | words are to be understood such that the subject matter may be more effective than wasted | I. e., when explaining a subject, it is important to clarify rather than confuse. |
| verba vana aut risui non loqui | not to speak words in vain or to start laughter | A Roman Catholic religious precept, being Rule 56 of the Rule of Saint Benedict. |
| verba volant, scripta manent | words fly away, writings remain | Quotation from a famous speech of Caius Titus in the ancient Roman Senate. |
| verbatim | word for word | The phrase refers to perfect transcription or quotation. |
| verbatim et literatim | word for word and letter by letter | |
| verbi divini minister | servant of the Divine Word | A phrase denoting a priest. Cf. «Verbum Dei» infra. |
| verbi gratia (v. gr. or v. g.) |
for example | Literally, «for the sake of a word». |
| Verbum Dei | Word of God | See religious text. |
| Verbum Domini lucerna pedibus nostris | The word of the Lord [is] a light for our feet | Motto of the University of Groningen |
| verbum Domini manet in aeternum (VDMA) | the word of the Lord endures forever | Motto of the Lutheran Reformation |
| verb. sap. verbum sap. |
a word to the wise [is sufficient] | A phrase denoting that the listener can fill in the omitted remainder, or enough is said. It is the truncation of «verbum sapienti sat[is] est«. |
| verbum volitans | flying word | A word that floats in the air, on which everyone is thinking and is just about to be imposed.[citation needed] |
| veritas | truth | Motto of many educational institutions |
| veritas aequitas | truth [and] justice | |
| veritas, bonitas, pulchritudo, sanctitas | truth, goodness, beauty, [and] sanctity | Motto of Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan |
| veritas Christo et ecclesiae | truth for Christ and church | The de iure motto of Harvard University, United States, which dates to its foundation; it is often shortened to veritas to remove its original religious meaning. |
| veritas cum libertate | truth with liberty | Motto of Winthrop University |
| veritas curat | truth cures | Motto of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research |
| veritas Dei vincit | the truth of God conquers | Motto of the Hussites |
| veritas Domini manet in aeternum | the truth of the Lord remains for eternity | |
| veritas et fortitudo | truth and fortitude | One of the mottos of the Lyceum of the Philippines University |
| veritas et virtus | truth and virtue | Motto of the University of Pittsburgh, Methodist University, and Mississippi College |
| veritas, fides, sapientia | truth, faith, [and] wisdom | Motto of Dowling Catholic High School |
| veritas in caritate | truth in charity | Motto of Bishop Wordsworth’s School, St Munchin’s College, and the University of Santo Tomas |
| veritas, iustitia, libertas | truth, justice, [and] liberty | Motto of the Free University of Berlin |
| veritas liberabit vos | truth shall liberate you | Motto of Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan |
| veritas lux mea | truth [is] my light | A common, non-literal translation is «truth enlightens me»; motto of Seoul National University, South Korea |
| veritas numquam perit | truth never expires | by Seneca the Younger |
| veritas odit moras | truth hates delay | by Seneca the Younger |
| veritas odium parit | truth breeds hatred | |
| veritas omnia vincit | truth conquers all | A quotation from a letter of Jan Hus; frequently used as a motto |
| veritas, probitas, iustitia | truth, honesty, justice | Motto of the University of Indonesia |
| veritas, unitas, caritas | truth, unity, [and] love | Motto of Villanova University, United States |
| veritas vincit | truth conquers | Cf. «veritas omnia vincit» supra. Motto on the standard of the presidents of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, and of the Scottish Clan Keith |
| Veritas. Virtus. Libertas. | Truth. Virtue. Liberty. | Motto of the University of Szeged, Hungary |
| veritas vitæ magistra | truth is the teacher of life | Another plausible translation is «truth is the mistress of life». It is the unofficial motto of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras and is inscribed in its tower. |
| veritas vos liberabit | truth will liberate you [all] | Motto of Johns Hopkins University, United States |
| veritate duce progredi | advancing with truth leading | Motto of the University of Arkansas, United States |
| [in] veritate et caritate | in truth and charity | Motto of Catholic Junior College, Singapore; St. Xavier’s School, and Hazaribagh, India |
| veritate et virtute | with truth and virtue | Motto of Sydney Boys High School. It is alternatively rendered «virtute et veritate» («with virtue and truth»), which is the motto of Walford Anglican School for Girls and Pocklington School. |
| veritatem dilexi | I esteemed truth | Alternatively, «I loved truth»; motto of Bryn Mawr College |
| veritatem fratribus testari | to bear witness to truth in fraternity | Motto of Xaverian Brothers High School |
| veritatem cognoscere | to know truth | Motto of the Clandestine Service of the United States Central Intelligence Agency |
| vero nihil verius | nothing [is] truer than truth | Motto of Mentone Girls’ Grammar School |
| vero possumus | yes, we can | A variation of the campaign slogan of then-Senator Barack Obama, which was superimposed on a variation of the Great Seal of the United States during the US presidential campaign of 2008.[153] |
| versus (vs) or (v.) | towards | Literally, «in the direction [of]». It is erroneously used in English for «against», probably as the truncation of «adversus«, especially in reference to two opponents, e. g., the parties to litigation or a sports match. |
| vestigia nulla retrorsum | Never a backward step | Motto of Wanganui Collegiate School |
| veto | I forbid | The word denotes the right to unilaterally forbid or void a specific proposal, especially legislation. It is derived from ancient Roman voting procedures. |
| vexata quaestio | vexed question | Latin legal phrase denoting a question that is often debated or considered, but is not generally settled, such that contrary answers may be held by different persons. |
| vexilla regis prodeunt inferni | forth go the banners of the king of Hell | Authored by Dante Alighieri in Canto XXXIV of the Inferno, the phrase is an allusion to and play upon the Latin Easter hymn Vexilla Regis. The phrase is repeatedly referenced in the works of Walter M. Miller, Jr. |
| vi coactus | under constraint | A legal phrase regarding contracts that indicates agreement made under duress. |
| vi et animo | with heart and soul | Alternatively, «strength and courage»; motto of the Ascham School |
| vi veri universum vivus vici | by the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe | Magickal motto of Aleister Crowley. |
| via | by the road/way | The word denotes «by way of» or «by means of», e. g., «I will contact you via email». |
| via media | middle road/way | This phrase describes a compromise between two extremes or the radical center political position. |
| via, veritas, vita | the Way, the Truth, [and] the Life | Words of Jesus Christ in John 14:6; motto of many institutions |
| viam sapientiae monstrabo tibi | I will show you the way of wisdom | Motto of DePaul University |
| vice | in place of | The word refers to one who acts in the place of another. It is used as a separate word or as a hyphenated prefix, e. g., «Vice President» and «Vice-Chancellor». |
| vice versa versa vice |
with position turned |
For other uses, see Vice Versa (disambiguation). Thus, «the other way around», «conversely», et cetera. Historically and in British English, vice is pronounced as two syllables, but in American and Canadian English the singular-syllable pronunciation is almost universal. Classical Latin pronunciation dictates that the letter «c» is only a hard sound, like «k». Moreover, the letter «v», when consonantal, represents /w/; hence WEE-keh WEHR-sah.[154] |
| victoria amat curam | victory demands dedication | Motto of North Melbourne Football Club |
| victoria aut mors | Victory or death | Similar to aut vincere aut mori. |
| victoria concordia crescit | victory comes from harmony | Motto of Arsenal F.C. |
| victrix causa diis placuit sed victa Catoni | the victorious cause pleased the gods, but the conquered cause pleased Cato | Authored by Lucan in Pharsalia, 1, 128. The dedicatory inscription on the south face of the Confederate Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, United States. |
| vide | «see» or «refer to» | The word is used in scholarly citations. |
| vide infra (v. i.) | see below | The word is used in scholarly works. |
| vide supra (v. s.) | see above | The word is used in scholarly works to refer to previous text in the same document. It is sometimes truncated to «supra«. |
| videlicet (viz.) | «namely», «that is to say», or «as follows» | A contraction of «videre licet» («it is permitted to see»), vide infra. |
| video et taceo | I see and keep silent | Motto of Queen Elizabeth I of England |
| video meliora proboque deteriora sequor | I see and approve of the better, but I follow the worse | From the Metamorphoses Book 7, 20-1 of Ovid, being a summary of the experience of akrasia. |
| video sed non credo | I see it, but I do not believe it | The statement of Caspar Hofmann [de] after being shown proof of the circulatory system by William Harvey. |
| videre licet | «it is permitted to see» or «one may see» | used in scholarship |
| vim promovet insitam | promotes one’s innate power | derived from Horace, Ode 4, 4; motto of the University of Bristol |
| vince malum bono | overcome evil with good | A partial quotation of Romans 12:21; motto of Old Swinford Hospital and Bishop Cotton School in Shimla |
| vincere est vivere | to conquer is to live | Motto of Captain John Smith |
| vincere scis Hannibal victoria uti nescis | you know [how] to win, Hannibal; you do not know [how] to use victory | According to Livy, a colonel in the cavalry stated this to Hannibal after victory in the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, meaning that Hannibal should have marched on Rome immediately. |
| vincit omnia veritas | truth conquers all | motto of University of Mindanao, Philippines |
| vincit qui patitur | he conquers who endures | First attributed to the Roman scholar and satirist Persius; frequently used as a motto. |
| vincit qui se vincit | he (she) conquers who conquers himself (herself) | Motto of many educational institutions, including the Philadelphia High School for Girls and North Sydney Boys High School. It is alternatively rendered as bis vincit qui se vincit («he (she) who prevails over himself (herself) is twice victorious»). It is also the motto of the Beast in Disney’s film Beauty and the Beast, as seen inscribed in the castle’s stained glass window near the beginning of the film. |
| vinculum juris | the chain of the law | The phrase denotes that a thing is legally binding. «A civil obligation is one which has a binding operation in law, vinculum juris.» (Bouvier’s Law Dictionary (1856), «Obligation») |
| vinum et musica laetificant cor | wine and music gladden the heart | Asterix and Caesar’s Gift; it is a variation of «vinum bonum laetificat cor hominis«. |
| vinum regum, rex vinorum | the wine of kings, the king of wines | The phrase describes Hungarian Tokaji wine, and is attributed to King Louis XIV of France. |
| viperam sub ala nutricare | a viper nursed at the bosom | A caveat regarding trusting someone against his inherent nature; the moral of Aesop’s fable The Farmer and the Viper. |
| vir quisque vir | every man a man | Motto of the US collegiate fraternity Lambda Chi Alpha. |
| Vires acquirit eundo | she gathers strength as she goes | A quotation from Vergil’s Aeneid, Book 4, 175, which in the original context refers to Pheme. Motto on the Coat of arms of Melbourne |
| virgo intacta | a female whose hymen is unbroken, had never sexual intercourse, a maiden, a virgin | |
| Viribus Unitis | with united forces | Motto of the house of Habsburg-Lorraine |
| virile agitur | the manly thing is being done | Motto of Knox Grammar School |
| viriliter age | «act manfully» or «act courageously» | Motto of Marist College Ashgrove and other institutions |
| viriliter agite | act in a manly way | Motto of St Muredach’s College and PAREF Southridge School for Boys. From Psalm 27 |
| viriliter agite estote fortes | act manfully, be strong | Motto of Culford School |
| virtus et labor | virtue and [hard] work | |
| virtus et scientia | virtue and knowledge | Common motto |
| virtus in media stat | virtue stands in the middle | A principle derived from the ethical theory of Aristotle. Idiomatically, «good practice lies in the middle path» between two extremes. It is disputed whether media or medio is correct. |
| virtus junxit mors non separabit | that which virtue unites, let not death separate | |
| virtus laudata crescit | greatness increases with praise | Motto of the Berkhamsted School |
| virtus non stemma | valor, not garland | Motto of the Duke of Westminster, inscribed at his residence in Eaton, and the motto of Grosvenor Rowing Club and Harrow County School for Boys |
| virtus sola nobilitas | virtue alone [is] noble | Motto of Christian Brothers College, St Kilda; similar to sola nobilitat virtus |
| virtus tentamine gaudet | strength rejoices in the challenge | Motto of Hillsdale College, Michigan, United States |
| virtus unita fortior | virtue united [is] stronger | State motto of Andorra |
| virtute duce | led by virtue | |
| virtute duce comite fortuna | led by virtue, accompanied by [good] fortune | |
| virtute et armis | by virtue and arms | Alternatively, «by manliness and weapons». The State motto of Mississippi, United States. The phrase was possibly derived from the motto of Lord Gray de Wilton, virtute non armis fido («I trust in virtue, not in arms»). |
| virtute et constantia | by virtue and consistency | National motto of Malta. Also motto of the Estonian Internal Security Service. |
| virtute et industria | by virtue and industry | Motto of Bristol, United Kingdom |
| virtute et valor | by virtue and valour | Motto of St George’s Grammar School, Cape Town,[155][156] and of a High School |
| virtute et veritate | by virtue and truth | Motto of Pocklington School |
| vis legis | the power of the law | |
| vis major | force majeure, superior force | |
| visio dei | vision of a god | |
| vita ante acta | a life done before | The phrase denotes a previous life, generally believed to be the result of reincarnation. |
| vita, dulcedo, spes | Mary, [our] life, sweetness, [and] hope | Motto of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States, which is derived from the Roman Catholic hymn to the Blessed Virgin Mary titled Salve Regina. |
| vita incerta, mors certissima | life is uncertain, death is most certain | More simply, «the most certain thing in life is death». |
| vita mutatur, non tollitur | life is changed, not taken away | The phrase is a quotation from the preface of the first Roman Catholic rite of the Mass for the Dead. |
| vita patris | during the life of the father | Hence the term «decessit vita patris» (d. v. p) or «died v. p.», which is seen in genealogical works such as Burke’s Peerage. |
| vita summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam | the shortness of life prevents us from entertaining far-off hopes | This is a wistful refrain that is sometimes used ironically. It is derived from the first line of Horace’s Ode 1. It was later used as the title of a short poem of Ernest Dowson. |
| vitae corona fides | faith is the crown of life | Motto of Colchester Royal Grammar School. |
| vitai lampada tradunt | they hand on the torch of life | A quotation from the poem of Lucretius, De rerum natura, Book 2, 77-9. The ordinary spelling «vitae» in two syllables had to be changed to «vitaï» in three syllables to satisfy the requirements of the poem’s dactylic hexameters. Motto of the Sydney Church of England Grammar School and others. |
| vitam amplificare hominibus hominesque societati | mankind [who] extends the life of the community | Motto of East Los Angeles College, California, United States |
| viva voce | living voice | The phrase denotes an oral, as opposed to written, examination of a candidate. |
| vivat crescat floreat | may it live, grow, [and] flourish | |
| vivat rex | may the king live | The acclamation is ordinary translated as «long live the king!». In the case of a queen, «vivat regina» («long live the queen»). |
| vivat rex, curat lex | long live the king, guardian of the law | A curious translation of the pun on «vivat rex«, found in Westerham parish church in Kent, England. |
| vive memor leti | live remembering death | Authored by Persius. Cf. «memento mori«. |
| vive ut vivas | live so that you may live | The phrase suggests that one should live life to the fullest and without fear of the possible consequences. |
| vivere est cogitare | to live is to think | Authored by Cicero. Cf. «cogito ergo sum«. |
| vivere militare est | to live is to fight | Authored by Seneca the Younger in Epistle 96, 5. Cf. the allegory of Miles Christianus based on «militia est vita hominis» from the Vulgate, Book of Job 7:1. |
| vocare ad regnum | call to fight | Alternatively, «call to Kingdom». Motto of professional wrestler Triple H, and seen in his entrance video. |
| vocatus atque non vocatus Deus aderit | called and not called, God will be present | Alternatively, «called and even not called, God approaches». Attributed to the Oracle at Delphi. Motto of Carl Jung, and inscribed in his home and grave. |
| volenti non fit injuria | to one willing, no harm is done | Alternatively, «to him who consents, no harm is done». The principle is used in the law of torts and denotes that one can not be held liable for injuries inflicted on another who consented to the act that injured him. |
| volo non fugia | I fly but do not flee | Motto of HMS Venetia[157] |
| vos estis sal terrae | you are the salt of the earth | A famous biblical sentence proclaimed by Jesus Christ. |
| votum separatum | separate vow | The phrase denotes an independent, minority voice. |
| vox clamantis in deserto | the voice of one clamoring in the desert | Or traditionally, «the voice of one crying in the wilderness». A quotation of the Vulgate, Isaiah 40:3, and quoted by St. John the Baptist in Mark 1:3 and John 1:23). Motto of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. |
| vox nihili | voice of nothing | The phrase denotes a useless or ambiguous statement. |
| vox populi | voice of the people | The phrase denotes a brief interview of a common person that is not previously arranged, e. g., an interview on a street. It is sometimes truncated to «vox pop.» |
| vox populi, vox Dei | the voice of the people [is] the voice of God | In the opinion of the majority of the people. |
| vulpes pilum mutat, non mores | the fox changes his fur, not his habits | By extension, and in common morality, humanity can change their attitudes, but they will hardly change their objectives or what they have set themselves to achieve. Ascribed to Titus by Suetonius in the eighth book (chapter 16) of The Twelve Caesars. |
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Assertions, such as those by Bryan A. Garner in Garner’s Modern English Usage,[55] that «eg» and «ie» style versus «e.g.» and «i.e.» style are two poles of British versus American usage are not borne out by major style guides and usage dictionaries, which demonstrate wide variation. To the extent anything approaching a consistent general conflict can be identified, it is between American and British news companies’ different approaches to the balance between clarity and expediency, without complete agreement on either side of the Atlantic, and with little evidence of effects outside journalism circles, e.g. in book publishing or academic journals.
There is no consistent British style. For example, The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors has «e.g.» and «i.e.» with points (periods);[56] Fowler’s Modern English Usage takes the same approach,[57] and its newest edition is especially emphatic about the points being retained.[58] The Oxford Guide to Style (also republished in Oxford Style Manual and separately as New Hart’s Rules) also has «e.g.» and «i.e.»;[59] the examples it provides are of the short and simple variety that often see the comma dropped in American usage as well. None of those works prescribe specifically for or against a comma following these abbreviations, leaving it to writers’ own judgment.
Some specific publishers, primarily in news journalism, drop one or both forms of punctuation as a matter of house style. They seem more frequently to be British than American (perhaps owing to the AP Stylebook being treated as a de facto standard across most American newspapers, without a UK counterpart). For example, The Guardian uses «eg» and «ie» with no punctuation,[60] while The Economist uses «eg,» and «ie,» with commas and without points,[61] as does The Times of London.[62] A 2014 revision to New Hart’s Rules states that it is now «Oxford style» to not use a comma after e.g. and i.e. (which retain the points), «to avoid double punctuation».[63] This is a rationale it does not apply to anything else, and Oxford University Press has not consistently imposed this style on its publications that post-date 2014, including Garner’s Modern English Usage.
By way of US comparison, The New York Times uses «e.g.» and «i.e.», without a rule about a following comma – like Oxford usage in actual practice.[64] The Chicago Manual of Style requires «e.g.,» and «i.e.,».[65] The AP Stylebook preserves both types of punctuation for these abbreviations.[66]
«British» and «American» are not accurate as stand-ins for Commonwealth and North American English more broadly; actual practice varies even among national publishers. The Australian government’s Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers preserves the points in the abbreviations, but eschews the comma after them (it similarly drops the title’s serial comma before «and», which most UK and many US publishers would retain).[67] Editing Canadian English by the Editors’ Association of Canada uses the periods and the comma;[68] so does A Canadian Writer’s Reference.[69] The government publication The Canadian Style uses the periods but not the comma.[70]
Style guides are generally in agreement that both abbreviations are preceded by a comma or used inside a parenthetical construction, and are best confined to the latter and to footnotes and tables, rather than used in running prose.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Potter, David S. (2014). The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 9781134694778.
- ^ An explanation of Livy’s usage.
- ^ a b Bretzke, James T. 1998. Consecrated Phrases: a Latin Theological Dictionary: Latin Expressions Commonly Found in Theological Writings. Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-5880-6, 978-0-8146-5880-2. p. 10.
- ^ «Actore non probante reus absolvitur», Ballantine’s Law Dictionary (1916) – via openjurist.org
- ^ «ad interim». The World’s Fastest Dictionary.
- ^ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), Adsumus, Sancte Spiritus: Prayer of invocation to the Holy Spirit for an ecclesial assembly of governance or discernment (thus synodal), accessed 30 July 2022
- ^ Blackstone, William. «Of Injuries to Real Property, and First of Dispossession, or Ouster, of the Freehold.» Ch. 10 in Commentaries on the Laws of England 3. n. 47.
- ^ Pope John XXIII, Journal of a Soul, pp. 154–155
- ^ «T. Maccius Plautus, Cistellaria, or The Casket, act 1, scene 1». www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
- ^ «annus horribilis». Webster’s Dictionary. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ «apologia pro vita sua». Merriam-Webster.
- ^ The Arma Christi in Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture: With a Critical Edition of ‘O Vernicle’. Routledge. 5 December 2016. ISBN 9781351894616.
- ^ Peter Jones (2006). Reading Ovid: Stories from the Metamorphoses. Cambridge University Press. p. 223. ISBN 0-521-84901-2.
- ^ C. Barlaeus, Rerum per octennium in Brasilia et alibi nuper gestarum
- ^ «Quando i politici si rifugiano nel latino», La Repubblica, 7 July 2004.
- ^ Attic Nights, Book 9 by Aulus Gellius (English translation)
- ^ Ovidi Nasonis Epistvlae Heroidvm, XIII. Laodamia Protesilao
- ^ «Turner Inspired: In the Light of Claude, National Gallery, WC2 – review» by Brian Sewell, Evening Standard, 15 March 2012
- ^ cacoēthes. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
- ^ κακοήθης. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
- ^ «Epistula XI». Epistularum Q. Horatii Flacci Liber Primus. The Society for Ancient Languages. Archived from the original on 2013-06-26. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
- ^ Adeleye, Gabriel (1999). Sienkewicz, Thomas J. (ed.). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Bolchazy-Carducci. p. 55. ISBN 0865164231.
- ^ Saint Augustine. «Liber Quartusdecimus«. Opera Omnia of St. Augustine. Rome: Città Nuova. Archived from the original on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
- ^ Tacitus, Histories, 1.49
- ^ «Caritas Christi Urget Nos Definition».
- ^ Caritas in Veritate, in English
- ^ «Simon Who? The Story Behind a Playground Favorite Simon Says».
- ^ «De rosis nascentibus» Archived 2007-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, Bibliotheca Augustina
- ^ John Chrysostom’s 88 Homilies on the Gospel of John, «Homily 72, 4.19», Chrysostomus Latinus in Iohannem Online (CLIO)
- ^ Jon R. Stone, More Latin for the Illiterati, Routledge, 1999, p. 53.
- ^ Giles Jacob, A Law Grammar, W. Clarke & Sons, 1817, p. 3.
- ^ New Liturgical Movement, First Mass Celebrated Coram Episcopo in Wisconsin, published 6 July 2018, accessed 25 November 2022
- ^ Twelfth Night 1.5/53–54, Folger Shakespeare Library
- ^ The Taming of the Shrew 4.4/94, Folger Shakespeare Library
- ^ «Glossary – Help». Judiciary of Scotland. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
- ^ «Unit History for Staff Sergeant Robert J. Miller – Medal of Honor Recipient». army.mil.
- ^ Annales Cambriae, English and Latin, vortigernstudies.org.uk
- ^ Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea: An Investigation into the Treatment of Mens Rea in the Quest to Hold Individuals Accountable for Genocide Mens Rea: The Mental Element quoting and citing William A. Schabas, «The Jelisic Case and the Mens Rea of the Crime of Genocide», Leiden Journal of International Law 14 (2001): 129.
- ^ Clan Fergus(s)on Society Archived 2010-07-27 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 14 December 2007
- ^ «dum vivimus vivamus». merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
- ^ «dum vivimus, vivamus». Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-02-15.
- ^ Richard Benson Sewall (2003). The Life of Emily Dickinson. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 450. ISBN 0674530802.
- ^ «Digesta Iustiniani». The Roman Law Library. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ «Ecce Agnus dei».
- ^ Richard Rutherford (2003). Introduction. Medea and Other Plays. By Euripides. Translated by John Davie. London: Penguin Group. p. 153. ISBN 0-14-044929-9.
- ^ Caillau, Armand Benjamin (1838). «Sermones de Scripturis» [Conversations about the Scriptures]. Sancti Aurelii Augustini Opera [St. Augustine works] (in Latin). Vol. 4. Paris: Parent-Desbarres. p. 412.
Humanum fuit errare, diabolicum est per animositatem in errore manere.
- ^ «University of Minnesota Style Manual: Correct Usage». .umn.edu. 2010-11-22. Archived from the original on 2010-08-19. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ Lee, Chelsea (3 November 2011). «The Proper Use of Et Al. in APA Style». blog.apastyle.org. American Psychological Association.
- ^ https://maternalheart.org/library/missal.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ Gray, John (2006), «Lawyer’s Latin (a vade-mecum)», Hale, London, ISBN 9780709082774.
- ^ «Pliny the Elder: the Natural History, Liber VIII». Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ^ Law, Jonathan; Martin, Elizabeth A. (2009). «Ex proprio motu». A Dictionary of Law. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Entry for «expressly» in: Meltzer, Peter E. The Thinker’s Thesaurus: Sophisticated Alternatives to Common Words. W. W. Norton & Company, 2015 (3rd edition). ISBN 0393338975, ISBN 9780393338973.
- ^ «Word Fact: What’s the Difference Between i.e. and e.g.?». blog.Dictionary.com. IAC Publishing. August 19, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ Garner, Bryan A. (2016). «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. Garner’s Modern English Usage (4th ed.). pp. 322–323, 480. This is an internationalized expansion of what was previously published as Garner’s Modern American Usage.
- ^ Ritter, Robert M., ed. (2003). «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. Oxford Style Manual. Oxford University Press. pp. 704, 768.. Material previously published separately as The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors.
- ^ Burchfield, R. W.; Fowler, H. W., eds. (2004). «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. Fowler’s Modern English Usage (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 240, 376.
- ^ Butterfield, Jeremy; Fowler, H. W., eds. (2015). «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. Fowler’s Dictionary of Modern English Usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 248, 393.
Both should always be printed lower case roman with two points and no spaces.
- ^ Ritter, Robert M., ed. (2003). «3.8: e.g., i.e., etc.». Oxford Style Manual. Oxford University Press. pp. 69–70.
- ^ «abbreviations and acronyms». The Guardian and Observer style guide. Guardian Media Group/Scott Trust. 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ «Abbreviations». The Economist Style Guide. Economist Group. 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ «‘eg,’ and ‘, ie’«. The Times Online Style Guide. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ Waddingham, Anne, ed. (2014). «4.3.8: Other uses [of the comma]». New Hart’s Rules: The Oxford Style Guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 79.
- ^ Siegal, Allan M.; Connolly, William G.; Corbett, Philip B.; et al., eds. (2015). «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. The New York Times Manual of Style (2015 ed.). The New York Times Company/Three Rivers Press. E-book edition v3.1, ISBN 978-1-101-90322-3.
- ^ «5.250: i.e; e.g.». The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017.
- ^ «‘e.g.’ and ‘i.e.’«. Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2009 ed.). Associated Press/Basic Books. pp. 95, 136.
- ^ «6.73». Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers (5th ed.). Australian Government Publishing Service. 1996. p. 84.
- ^ «4.22: Latin Abbreviations». Editing Canadian English: The Essential Canadian Guide (Revised and Updated (2nd) ed.). McClelland & Stewart/Editors’ Association of Canada. 2000. pp. 52–53.. States no rule about the comma, but illustrates use with it in §4.23 on the same page.
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Additional references
- Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). Thomas J. Sienkewicz; James T. McDonough, Jr. (eds.). World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci. ISBN 0865164223.
- Stone, Jon R. (1996). Latin for the Illiterati. London and New York City: Routledge. ISBN 0415917751.