Latin word for that is to say

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How do you say determined in Latin?

How do you say determined in Latin?


How do you say who am I in Latin?

To say «Who am I?» in Latin you can say «quisnam sum Ego?»


What is Latin for equal?

How you say equal in Latin is «aequus», or you could even say
«par» to say equal in Latin.


How do you say my in Latin?

my is «mihi» in latin


How do you say please in Latin?

«Sī placet» is how you say «please» in Latin.

  • 1
    that is to say

    that is to say то есть

    Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > that is to say

  • 2
    that is to say

    Персональный Сократ > that is to say

  • 3
    that is to say

    Англо-русский синонимический словарь > that is to say

  • 4
    that is to say

    то есть, другими словами, иначе говоря

    He will arrive three months from now, that is to say, on the 10th of May. — Он приедет 10 мая, то есть через три месяца.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > that is to say

  • 5
    that is to say

       тo ecть, дpугими cлoвaми, инaчe гoвopя

    They’re leaving in three days, that is to say next Friday

    Concise English-Russian phrasebook > that is to say

  • 6
    that is to say

    то есть; другими словами

    they say that … — говорят, что …

    men say that … — люди говорят, что …

    Синонимический ряд:

    that is (other) i.e.; id est; in other words; namely; that is; to wit; videlicet (Latin); viz.

    English-Russian base dictionary > that is to say

  • 7
    that is to say

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > that is to say

  • 8
    that is to say

    НБАРС > that is to say

  • 9
    that is to say

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > that is to say

  • 10
    that I can say

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > that I can say

  • 11
    that is to say

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > that is to say

  • 12
    that is to say

    фраз.

    другими словами, иными словами; иначе говоря

    In other words, «brainworkers» can now «telecommute» from home rather than physically commute to the office. — Другими словами, работники умственного труда отныне могут осуществлять дистанционный доступ из своего дома вместо того, чтобы физически ездить из пригорода на работу в офис.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > that is to say

  • 13
    that is to say

    Англо-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > that is to say

  • 14
    that is to say

    Новый англо-русский словарь > that is to say

  • 15
    that is to say

    Англо-русский современный словарь > that is to say

  • 16
    that is to say that

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > that is to say that

  • 17
    that doesn’t say much for his intelligence

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > that doesn’t say much for his intelligence

  • 18
    he swore to say nothing (that he would say nothing)

    Общая лексика:

    он побожился ничего не говорить , он поклялся ничего не говорить

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he swore to say nothing (that he would say nothing)

  • 19
    granted that he did say so (…)

    Общая лексика:

    если он действительно это сказал

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > granted that he did say so (…)

  • 20
    he swore that he would say nothing

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he swore that he would say nothing

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См. также в других словарях:

  • That is to say — Say Say, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Said} (s[e^]d), contracted from sayed; p. pr. & vb. n. {Saying}.] [OE. seggen, seyen, siggen, sayen, sayn, AS. secgan; akin to OS. seggian, D. zeggen, LG. seggen, OHG. sag[=e]n, G. sagen, Icel. segja, Sw. s[ a]ga,… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • that is to say — • that is (to say) I mean; that means; in other words. John is a New Yorker; that is, he lives in New York. Susan is a good student; that is to say, she gets good grades in school. •• in other words; put differently …   Словарь американских идиом

  • that is to say — ► that is (or that is to say) a formula introducing or following an explanation or further clarification. Main Entry: ↑that …   English terms dictionary

  • that is to say — index a savoir Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • that is to say — adverb In other words. One of the best things about works of music is that they are repeatable, that is to say that one can listen to the same work over and over without becoming tired of it. Syn: that is …   Wiktionary

  • that is to say — they re inquiring about Miss Leslie that is to say, they want to know if she s safe and well Syn: in other words, to put it another way; i.e., that is, to wit, viz., namely …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • that is to say — formal used for explaining something that you have just said in a more exact way I ll deal with the second point first, that is to say the change to the club s rules …   English dictionary

  • that is (or that is to say) — a formula introducing or following an explanation or further clarification. → that …   English new terms dictionary

  • that is to say — phrasal in other words ; in effect …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • that is to say — meaning, which means …   English contemporary dictionary

  • that is to say — in other words; put differently …   Idioms and examples

Отголоском прошлого всемирного признания латинского, как языка науки, отзывается большое количество латинизмов, которые до сих пор находятся в употреблении во многих странах. Давайте разберем наиболее часто встречающиеся в английских письменных источниках сокращения, которые берут свое начало из латыни. Примеры будут представлены с транскрипцией, так как графика двух языков идентична, и произнесение полной фразы или слова могут вызвать затруднение.

e.g.exempli gratia [ɪg,zempɪ‘greɪʃə] — например, в частности. При чтении обычно произносят, как заменяемые в написании, for example или such as, реже как аббревиатура [iːˈdʒiː].

Примеры:

  • In this case, it is better to choose light colors, e.g. pink, blue, lilac. — В данном случае лучше выбирать светлые тона, например розовый, голубой, сиреневый.
  • You should eat more foods containing fiber, e.g. fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. — Вам стоит есть больше продуктов, содержащих клетчатку, например, фрукты, овощи, и цельные зерна.

i.e.id est [,ɪd‘est] — то есть, иначе говоря. Чаще сразу заменяется синонимами: that is, that is to say, in other words или произносится как аббревиатура [ˌaɪˈiː].

Пример:

  • School attendance was based on the catchment area, i.e. children living near a school would attend that school. – Посещение школы основано на ее закрепленности за местностью, т.е. дети, живущие рядом со школой, будут посещать эту школу.

viz.videlicet (что само по себе является сокращением от полной латинской фразы videre licet) — а именно. Как правило, вслух произносят английские аналоги: namely, that is или to wit, но допустимо и прочтение, как [ˈviz]. В отличие от e.g. и i.e. viz. используется для указания подробного описания ранее изложенного, или (практически) полного списка объектов обсуждения.

Примеры:

  • Metals that do not have a useful role in biological processes, viz. lead and mercury, are defined as toxic metals. — Металлы, которые не играют полезной роли в биологических процессах, а именно: свинец и ртуть, определяются как токсичные металлы.
  • The main point of the lesson, viz. to show the dependence of gravity on the mass of the body and the distance to the center of the planet, wasn’t understood. – Главный пункт урока, а именно, показать зависимость силы тяжести от массы тела и расстояния до центра планеты, не был понят. 

etc.et ceteraɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə] — и так далее, и тому подобное, и другие («и т.д., и т.п., и др.») — одна из наиболее распространенных аббревиатур, причем и в устной речи в том числе. Применяется в конце предложения, чтобы указать, что список мог бы быть продолжен подобными элементами. Синонимы: and so on, and other things.

Примеры:

  • For your party I could bake cookies, pies, cupcakes, etc. – Я бы могла испечь для твоей вечеринки печенье, пироги, кексы и т.д.
  • It is necessary to conduct a constant battle against garden pests such as snails, caterpillars, slugs, etc. — Необходимо вести постоянную борьбу с садовыми вредителями, такими как улитки, насекомые, слизни и др.

et al.et alii [ɛtˈɑːl] / [et ˈæl] – 1) и прочие, и другие (Синоним: others); 2) в прочих местах (elsewhere); 3) иначе, в противном случае (otherwise). Употребляется в формальном письме, чтобы избежать длинного списка имен, мест и прочее.

Примеры:

  • The report by Jones et al. is regarded as the authoritative material on the subject. – Доклад Джонса и др. рассматривается как авторитетный материал по данной теме.
  • If Laura et al. get the financing, we can move forward with the project. – Если Лора и др. получит финансирование, мы сможем продвинуться с проектом.

ca., реже c., cca., circ.circa [ˈsɝː.kə] – приблизительно, около (в отношении дат). Синонимы: approximately, around, about. В большинстве случаев широко применяется в исторических публикациях, когда дата события доподлинно неизвестна.

Пример:

  • The poet died c. 1514. – Поэт скончался приблизительно в 1514 году.

N.B.nota bene [ˌno.taː ˈbe.ne] – примечание, обратите внимание. Отметка об особой важности далее написанного. Пишется заглавными буквами, в США и других англоязычных странах произносится, как [ˌnoʊtə ˈbɛneɪ], [ˌnoʊ.tə ˈbɛ.ni] or [ˈnoʊtə ˈbiːni].

Пример:

  • N.B.: These data were drawn from the April 2010 SyncPRO document. – Примечание: Сведения были взяты из документа SyncPRO, апрель 2010 года.

vs., v.versus [ˈvɝː.səs] – против (against), в сравнении (compared to), в сопоставлении (as opposite to). Так на письме обозначают противопоставление чего-либо или кого-либо, в частности при необходимости выбора одной из сторон.

Примеры:

  • The Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Smith. – Решение Верховного Суда по делу «Браун против Смита».
  • The match Dynamo v. Arsenal will be held on March 16. – Матч «Динамо-Арсенал» состоится 16 марта.

ad hoc [ˈædˈhɔk] – по особому случаю, специальный, буквально переводится «для этого». Обозначает определенный способ, придуманный для решения конкретной специфической задачи или проблемы. В своем роде исключительный и не подходящий под общие цели.

Примеры:

  • ad hoc low – закон, принятый для устранения конкретной проблемы, или связанный с определенным инцидентом.
  • ad hoc committees and commissions – комитеты и комиссии, созданные на национальном или международном уровне для решения специфических задач.

ad libad libitum [ædˈlɪbɪtəm] – на ваше усмотрение, по желанию. Часто встречается как прилагательное или наречие ad lib, а также в форме существительного или глагола adlib, при описании импровизации. Иногда данное сокращение ассоциируют с “at liberty” из-за схожести звучания, однако это не родственные слова.

Пример:

  • I forgot my script, so I spoke ad lib. — Я забыл свой сценарий, поэтому говорил по наитию.
  • In order to get from one corner to the other on the stage the actors used an adlib. – Чтобы попасть из одного угла сцены в другой, актеры использовали импровизацию.

[sic] – именно так, так в оригинале – Применяют для обозначения цитаты, с полным повторением неправильности или оригинальности написания фразы, не выражая личное отношение к материалу («Вижу ошибку, но пишу, как в оригинале»). В настоящее время употребляется с целью подчеркнуть ошибку или отметить всю нелепость написанного/сказанного автором, нередко заменяется знаком (!). Само латинское слово многие ошибочно воспринимают, как английские аббревиатуры «spelling is correct» (точная орфография), «same in copy» (так же в рукописи), «spelled incorrectly» (написано неверно), «spelling incompetent» (неумелая орфография), «said in context» (сказано в контексте), «stupid in context» (глупо в контексте).

Пример:

  • His note on the table said “Be back on Tuersday.” [sic] – Tuesday or Thursday? (!)

C.V.curriculum vitae [kərɪkjuləmvɪ:taɪ]жизнеописание, «ход жизни». В отличие от России, где CV рассматривают как полный синоним слову «резюме», в США и Канаде обычно для CV более характерно указание значительных достижений, всеобъемлющий список публикаций, научных трудов и т.д. Поэтому для предоставления краткой информации используется термин résumé, а для обширного отчета о карьере и научных трудах – CV.

Пример: Some employers require that your C.V. was no longer than three pages. – Некоторые работодатели требуют, чтобы резюме занимало не более 3 страниц.

Знание и понимание данных сокращений обогатит вашу письменную речь и облегчит ознакомление с более серьезной английской литературой.  

Who says Latin is a dead language? It’s true that no country speaks Latin anymore, but thousands of English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. More than that, Latin words, expressions, and abbreviations are part of everyday English, particularly in the areas of law and business. Below I’ve listed 77 examples of Latin terms every English speaker should become familiar with.

Latin Word/Phrase

Literal Translation

Definition

Sample Sentence

a priori from the former Supposed to be true without proof; occurring or being known beforehand. We know a priori that matter exists; the question is–how did it come into being?
ad hoc to this Improvised on the spot or for a specific, immediate purpose. The committee was formed ad hoc to address increasing crime in the neighborhood.
ad hominem to/at the man A logical fallacy in which the person rather than his argument is attacked. Ad hominem attack ads are all too common during campaign season.
ad infinitum to infinity Going on forever. Because pi is an irrational number, the digits after the decimal continue ad infinitum.
ad nauseam to the point of disgust Alternative to ad infinitum; repeating until it makes one sick. Tom complained ad nauseam about his new job.
alibi elsewhere A legal defense where a defendant seeks to show that he was elsewhere when the crime was committed. The defendant had clear motive, but his alibi was airtight, so the jury declared him not guilty.
alma mater nourishing mother The school or university from which one graduates. Dad returns to his alma mater every few years for his class reunion.
alter ego another I Another self; secret identity. Spiderman’s famous alter ego is wimpy news photographer Peter Parker.
antebellum before the war Usually refers to the period before the American Civil War. Even in northern states racism was common during the antebellum period.
aurora borealis northern lights A natural light display visible in the night time sky in Arctic regions; the same phenomena in the south is known as the aurora australis. Even after twenty years of living in northern Alaska, Carol never ceased to be astonished by the sudden beauty of the aurora borealis.
Ave Maria Hail, Mary Catholic prayer to Mary, the mother of Jesus. My devout sister prays the Ave Maria every night before bed.
bona fide good faith Coming from sincere intentions; genuine, true. The painting is a bona fide Renoir.
caveat emptor let the buyer beware The purchaser is responsible for evaluating the quality and utility of the goods he purchases. The sign over the entrance of the used car dealership – caveat emptor – did not give me confidence.
coram deo in the presence of god The theological idea that we live ever in the presence of, under the authority of, and to the honor and glory of God. We are never really alone, because all of life is lived coram deo.
corpus body Contents; or collection of works by an author or artist; a particular collection of artistic works. The corpus of William Shakespeare includes dramatic tragedies, comedies, and histories.
cum laude with honor A title applied to academic graduates who attain to a level of excellence. Students can also graduate magna cum laude (with great honor) or summa cum laude (with highest honor). Sarah is naturally smart, but it was her dedication to academic study that caused her to graduate summa cum laude.
curriculum vitae course of life A comprehensive resume listing educational and employment history and qualifications for job seekers. It’s a good idea to present your prospective employer with a copy of your curriculum vitae at the start of a job interview.
de facto in fact Actually; in reality. The intention of the new law is good, but de facto, it just doesn’t work.
de jure by law According to law; by right. De jure, adultery is illegal in many states, but the laws are never enforced.
deus ex machina God from the machine An unexpected, artificial, or improbable resolution to a plot situation in a work of fiction. The action movie was entertaining, but the ending was an unconvincing deus ex machina.
emeritus having served one’s time An adjective used to denote a retired professor, president, bishop, or other professional; post-retirement status. Today’s speaker is Dr. Ruth Fisher, professor emeritus at Stanford University.
ex libris from the books A phrase often stamped or printed on books to denote ownership; “from the library of.” I am happy to lend my books, but I stamp them “ex libris Tony Danza” so I can get them back.
ex nihilo out of nothing Usually refers to divine creation and the idea that God made the world out of nothing, with no preexisting tools or materials. All men are by nature creative, but only God creates ex nihilo.
ex post facto from a thing done afterward Usually  used in a legal context, ex post facto refers to a law that is retroactive, that applies to actions taken prior to the existence of the law. The new law will not apply to previous violators because it cannot be applied ex post facto.
habeas corpus have the body A writ ordering a person to appear before a judge, or the right to obtain such a writ as protection against imprisonment without trial. Terrorism suspects often have no right to habeas corpus and can be held indefinitely without trial.
homo sapien wise man Human; the scientific name for the human species. There is some question about whether or not the fossilized skeleton is homo sapien.
in loco parentis in place of a parent In legal terms, assuming the authority and responsibilities of a parent. While at school, your teachers serve in loco parentis.
in medias res in the middle of things A literary technique where the telling of the story begins in the middle rather than at the beginning. Epic poems often begin in medias res and explain the earlier parts of the story via dialogue.
in toto in total Completely; totally, all together. Even though lots of things went wrong, in toto, the event was a success.
in vitro in glass Refers to studies done on organisms isolated from their normal biological surroundings; commonly called test tube studies or experiments.
ipso facto by the fact itself As a direct consequence or effect of the action in question; in and of itself. Steve was swerving and driving too slow; ipso facto, he was pulled over and tested for driving under the influence.
magnum opus great work The largest, best, or greatest achievement of an artist. His ninth symphony is considered Beethoven’s magnum opus.
mea culpa my fault My mistake; my fault; an admission of guilt or responsibility. The football player made a televised  mea culpa after his disgraceful public behavior.
non sequiter it does not follow A logical fallacy where the conclusion does not reasonably follow from the premise; or, in literature, an irrelevant, often humorous response to a comment. Overall, your argument is convincing, but your point about public education was a non-sequiter.
Pax Romana roman peace A period in history, during the dominance of the Roman empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, when relative peace reigned and little expansion of the Empire took place. Christianity spread rapidly during the Pax Romana.
per capita by heads Per person; a ratio by the number of persons. Each year, Americans eat about 135 pounds of sugar per capita.
per diem per day A daily allowance for expenses. On my trip to Philadelphia, the company gave me a $100 per diem.
per se through itself In itself; by itself; without reference to anything else. Eating salt isn’t bad per se, but consuming too much carries various health risks.
persona non grata not-pleasing person An unwelcome, unwanted, or undesirable person. After I broke Aunt Wilma’s antique vase, I was persona non-grata at the Thomas home.
postmortem after death After death. Officials determined the death was accidental after a postmortem examination.
prima facie at first sight Often refers to evidence in a trial that suggests but does not prove guilt. Even though the prima facie evidence was strong, the defendant’s innocence became clear as the trial wore on.
pro bono for good Work undertaken voluntarily without compensation. The lawyer was so moved by the plight of the workers, he defended their case pro bono.
pro rata for the rate Proportionately or proportional. Extra nights at the hotel are charged pro rata of the weekly rental.
quid pro quo what for what This for that; a thing for a thing; a favor exchanged for favor. After I picked him up at the airport, Larry took me to lunch as a quid pro quo.
quorum of whom The number of members whose presence is required. Only ten board members showed up, leaving them two short of a quorum.
re by the thing In the matter of; referring to; regarding. Is this phone call re the recent estate auction?
rigor mortis stiffness of death The rigidity that sets in on corpses about three to four hours after death. The police had a hard time removing the briefcase from the victim’s grasp, rigor mortis having set in.
semper fideles always faithful The motto of the U.S. Marine Corps; sometimes abbreviated semper fi. My uncle, the retired Marine sergeant, has “semper fideles” tattooed on his arm.
sic thus Just so; used to indicate that a preceding quotation is copied exactly, despite any errors of spelling, grammar, or fact. The student wrote “the communists were probly right about some things [sic].”
sola fide faith alone One of the “Five Solas” of the Protestant Reformation that summarize the theology of the reformers. The others are sola scriptura (by Scripture alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), solo Christo (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone). An important tenet of Protestantism is the idea of sola fide – that salvation is attained by faith, not works.
status quo the situation in which The current condition or situation; the way things are. The protestors were unhappy about the status quo.
subpoena under penalty A request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of punishment. The officer issued me a subpoena to appear in court in June.
tabula rasa scraped tablet A blank slate; a clean slate; used figuratively to describe the human mind prior to influential experience. The idea of original sin is at odds with the notion that babies are born with a moral tabula rasa.
terra firma solid land Solid ground. After eight days at sea, I couldn’t wait to set foot on terra firma.
verbatim word for word Perfect transcription or quotation. I’m sorry it offends you, but that’s what he said verbatim.
veto I forbid The political power to single-handedly stop or make void a law. The bill passed by a slim margin, but the President is likely to veto it.
vice versa the other way around The other way around. Tom is in love with Lorraine and vice versa.
vox populi voice of the people In broadcasting, an unscripted interview with ordinary members of the public. After the controversial trial, networks broadcast numerous vox populi interviews.

Common Abbreviations

A.D. (Anno Domini) in the Year of the Lord The predominantly used system for dating, indicating years since the birth of Jesus Christ. Years prior to the birth of Christ are normally indicated by BC, an English abbreviation for Before Christ. The Battle of Hastings took place in A.D. 1066.
AM (ante meridiem) before midday Indicates the time from midnight to noon. Normally, I awake at 6 AM.
e.g.(exempli gratia) for the sake of example For example. My favorite movies are Westerns (e.g., High Noon, True Grit, Unforgiven)
et al. (et alii) and others Similar to et cetera, to stand for a list of names, particularly in APA and MLA style papers. Defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy – David Beckham, Landon Donovan et al. – in the 2009 MLS Cup final proved possible.
etc. (et cetera) and the rest And so on; and more. Sylvia purchased pots, pans, utensils, etc. for her new kitchen.
i.e. (id est) that is That is to say; which means; in other words. Jim encountered Victor, (i.e, his new boss) in the elevator that morning.
ibid. (ibidem) in the same place Used in formal citations to refer to the last referenced source.
  1. Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, 471.

Ibid.

m.o. (modus operandi) method of operating Usually associated with criminals and their methods of committing crimes. The police suspected Harry Harrison because the crime fit his m.o. perfectly.
PM (post meridiem) after midday The time between noon and midnight. I will meet you for coffee at 2 PM.
p.s. (post scriptum) after text After writing; used to indicated addendums to otherwise completed personal letters. Sincerely,George

p.s., Don’t forget to feed the parrot.

Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) what was to be demonstrated Often written at the bottom of a mathematical or logical proof, indicating that the proof is complete. “No snakes have legs. That creature has legs. Therefore, the creature is not a snake. Q.E.D.”
R.I.P. (requiescat in pace) rest in peace A benediction for the dead often appearing on gravestones. Inscribed on his tombstone were the simple words, “Henry Humble, R.I.P.”
vs. or v. (versus) towards; in the direction Mistakenly used in English to mean “against,” particularly to indicate opposing parties in legal disputes or athletic events. Today’s main event is Wally Wilson vs. Tony “The Tiger” Thomson.

Quotes and Sayings

carpe diem seize the day A phrase from a poem by Horace, now an aphorism meaning, “take advantage of life while you can.” The closer I get to old age, the more I realize how important it is to live life with a carpe diem approach.
Cogito ergo sum. I think, therefore, I am The famous philosophical proposition by René Descartes. It implies that doubting one’s own existence proves one’s existence. Cogito ergo sum is the foundation of Cartesian thought.
Veni, vidi, vici. I came, I saw, I conquered A sentence attributed to Julius Caesar upon his conquest of Britain. Quoted by Plutarch. When asked about his recent victory at the U.S. Open, Johns replied, “Veni, vidi, vici!”
e pluribus unum out of many, one A phrase on the Seal of the United States. Many U.S. coins pay tribute to the melting pot history of the country with the phrase e pluribus unum.
et tu, Brute? and you also, Brutus? Legendarily the last words of Julius Caesar as he realizes that his friend Marcus Brutus was among his murderers. After I joined in the teasing, my brother looked at me with a mock-tragic grin and said, “Et tu, Brute?”
sic semper tyrannis thus always to tyrants Sometimes attributed to Brutus as he participated in the assassination of Julius Caesar. John Wilkes Booth claimed to have shouted this phrase after shooting Abraham Lincoln. The motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The historic American resistance to dictatorship is expressed in the common phrase, sic semper tyrannis.

*****

Please leave your comments and questions below!

It’s guaranteed that you have or will run into some of these Latin terms in anything including the lightest reading. That’s because they’re everywhere. In newspapers, textbooks, manuals, et cetera. They are used in, inter alia, academic writing, text messaging, and, quite extensively, law documents. So, they are, ipso facto, very important to know. Ergo, we thought it’s a good idea to combine these Latin words and phrases in one place and explain what they mean so that when you run into some of them next time, you go like, ha! I have seen this word somewhere and I know what it means. So, let’s get down to it. 


1. a priori

A belief or conclusion based on assumptions or reasoning of some sort rather than actual experience or empirical evidence. Before actually encountering, experiencing, or observing a fact.

2. a posteriori. 

A fact, belief, or argument that is based on actual experience, experiment, or observation. After the fact.

3. ad astra.

To the stars.

4. ad hoc.

For a particular situation, without planning or consideration of some broader purpose or application.

5. ad hominem.

Directed to a particular person rather than generally, such as an attack on a person rather than a position they are espousing.

6. ad infinitum.

Repeat forever.

7. ad lib

Short for ad libitum. As you desire, at one’s pleasure. To speak or perform without preparation.

8. ad nauseam. 

Repetition that has become annoying or tiresome.


9. affidavit.

He has sworn. Sworn statement.

10. alma mater.

Nourishing, kind, bounteous mother. School from which one graduated.

11. alias.

Also known as. Otherwise known as. Less commonly as the proper meaning of at another time, otherwise.

12. alibi. 

In another place. Elsewhere. Reason one couldn’t have been in a location where an act was committed.

13. alter ego.

Other self. Another side of oneself.

14. A.D.

short for anno Domini. In the year of our Lord. Number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ.

15. a.m.

Short for ante meridiem. Before midday (noon.) Morning.

16. animus

Spirit, mind, courage anger. Animosity. Intense opposition and ill will towards something, somebody, or some social group, commonly emotional, passionate, and mean-spirited. Hatred.


17. ante

Before. Earlier. In a Supreme Court opinion, ante refers to an earlier page of the same opinion.

18. ante bellum.

Before the war.

19. ante mortem. 

Before death. 

20. bona fide.

Genuine. Real. With no intention to deceive.

21. c. / ca. / or cca.

Short for circa. Around. About. Approximately. Relative to a certain year.

22. carpe diem.

Seize the day or moment. Make the best of the present rather than delay or focus on the future.

23. caveat.

Warning, caution, disclaimer, or stipulation.

24. cf.

Short for confer. Compare to. In reference to, as a comparison.


25. cogito ergo sum

I think, therefore I am — Descartes.

26. consensus.

Agreement. General or widespread agreement.

27. corpus.

Body, especially of written or textual matter such as books and papers.

28. curriculum.

Race. Course of a race. Path of a race. Subjects comprising a course of academic study.

29. CV 

Short for curriculum vitae. The course of one’s life. Resume. List of significant academic and professional accomplishments, achievements, awards, education, and training.

30. de facto. 

True or matter of fact as it is, regardless of intent, good reason, authority, or official reason for being such.


31. dictum.

Something said. Noteworthy, authoritative statement or principle. Common wisdom.

32. doctor. 

Teacher. Learned person. Doctor.

33. ergo. 

Therefore.

34. et al. 

Short for et alia (neuter plural) or et alii (masculine plural) or et aliae (feminine plural). And others. And all of the others.

35. etc. 

Short for et cetera.

36. e pluribus unum. 

— Out of many, one — U.S. motto.

37. ex post.

After.

38. ex post facto.

After the fact.


39. e.g. 

Short for exempli gratia. For the sake of example. For example.

40. ibid. 

Short for ibidem or ib idem. In the same place. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same place as the preceding citation.

41. id. 

short for idem. From the same source. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same source, but not from the same location in that source. In contrast to ibidem (ibid.) which means the same location or place in the same source as the preceding citation.

42. i.e. 

Short for id est. That is. In other words.

43. in absentia. 

Conducted in the absence of.

44. in camera. 

In chambers. In private, commonly for legal proceedings, in the judge’s office (chambers.) before digital photography cameras were little “chambers.”

45. in situ. 

In position. In place.

46. in toto. 

As a whole. Entirely. All of it.

47. incognito. 

Unknown. With one’s identity concealed. This is actually an Italian word, derived from the Latin word incognitus.


48. inter alia. 

Among others. Among other things.

49. innuendo. 

By nodding. Implied. Indirectly implied. Suggested. Oblique allusion.

50. intra. 

Within. In a Supreme Court opinion, refers to a decision of another court, typically an appeals court.

51. ipso facto. 

By that very fact or act. Therefore.

51. lingua franca. 

Common language in a multi-language environment. Technically, it’s Italian.

52. magnum opus. 

Great work. Greatest work. Masterpiece.

53. M.O. 

short for modus operandi. Mode or method of operation. How you do things.

54. n.b. or N.B. 

short for nota bene. Note well. It is worth noting that.


55. per capita. 

Per person, for each person, of a population. Individually, but not for any particular person.

56. per cent. 

or percent short for per centum. For each one hundred.

57. per se. 

By itself. Intrinsically. Specifically.

58. p.m. / PM 

short for post meridiem. After midday (noon.) Afternoon.

59. post. 

After. Later. In a Supreme Court opinion, post refers to a later page of the same opinion.

60. post mortem. 

After death.


61. prima facie. 

On its face. Accepted on its face. Accepted as true based on initial impression. Accepted as true unless proven false.

62. PS. 

short for post scriptum. Written after. After what has been written. In addition to what has been written. In addition.

63. quasi. 

As if. As though. Resembling. Similar but not quite exactly the same. Having many but not all the features of.

64. quid pro quo. 

This for that. An exchange of goods or services. A barter transaction. Any contractual transaction.

65. sic 

or [sic]. So, this. The previous word should be taken literally even if it is not correct or appropriate.

66. stat. 

or stat short for statim. Immediately. Now. without delay.

67. status quo. 

The existing state of affairs. As it is. As things are.


68. stricto sensu

or sensu stricto. In a narrow, tight, or strict sense. Strictly speaking.

69. sui generis. 

Of its own kind. Unique. Outside of existing categories. In law, outside of existing law.

70. supra. 

Above. From the previous cited source.

71. tabula rasa. 

Clean slate. Blank slate. Absence of any preconceived notions, ideas, goals, or purpose.

72. veni, vidi, vici. 

I came, I saw, I conquered.

73. verbatim. 

The same exact words. Literally.

74. vs. 

short for versus. Against. In opposition to. As opposed to. In contrast to.

75. veto. 

I forbid. Reject.

76. vice versa. 

As well as the two immediately preceding subjects of a statement reversed. The same either way. The other way around.

77. viz. 

short for videre licet or videlicet. Namely. That is.

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