Latin word for searching - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Latin may not be commonly spoken today, but this classical language played a crucial role in world history and contributed to many words we’re familiar with in English today.

Because it is no longer spoken often, Latin has a certain appeal to modern language learners; it seems interesting, unique, and somewhat mysterious.

As you explore the language, you’ll find that there are plenty of cool Latin words you can use for usernames!

We list the best examples (with English translations/definitions) below.

We also have a Latin username generator and tips on finding your own neat Latin word for a username.

Invicta

unconquered/invincible
Permaximum

greatest
Lumen

light
Regius

royal
Aurum

gold
Magnus

great
Ventus

wind
Formidonis

terror
Nemo

no one
Electus

chosen
Terra

land
Papilio

butterfly
Ignotus

unknown
Serpentis

snake
Umbra

shadows
Monstrum

monster
Sine

without
Suavis

sweet
Pax

peace
Crepusculum

twilight
Mico

sparkle
Ignis

fire
Bellum

war
Imber

rain shower
Lux

light
Trucido

slay
Gladius

sword
Alius

different
Obscurus

dark
Quia

because
Amabilis

lovely
Immortalis

immortal
Nihil

nothing
Oscen

songbird
Lea

lioness
Idoneus

capable
Deus

God
Accensum

to set on fire
Leo

lion
Sapientia

wisdom
Vagus

wandering
Dexter

right
Fulminare

thunderbolts
Fulgeo

shining or radiant
Tutis

protected
Luna

moon
Aer

air
Tyrannus

tyrant
Solus

alone
Ergo

therefore
Vita

life
Sors

destiny
Habere

to have
Ara

altar
Artificiosus

skillful/artful
Spes

hope
Miles

soldier
Acer

sharp-minded
Vespa

wasp
Meliora

better
Tempestas

storm
Audire

to listen
Palmarium

outstanding
Stella

star
Unus

one
Antebellum

before war
Circa

approximately
Acerbus

bitter
Aliqui

someone
Mors

death
Subpoena

under penalty
Abduco

retreat
Lacero

to tear
Meus

my
Bonus

good
Verbatim

word for word
Ire

to go
Caelum

heaven
Audio

I hear
Silva

forest
Primus

first
Deorsum

down
Tempus

time
Ludus

sport/game
Novus

new
Libertas

freedom
Gaudium

joy
Felicitas

happiness
Prudentia

prudence
Potentia

power
Ingenium

talent
Caeleste

celestial
Serenus

serene/calm
Fortis

strong
Eximius

excellent
Strenuus

vigorous
Aberro

wander
Sacer

sacred
Fortuna

luck
Illustris

brilliant
Susurrar

whisper
Memento

remember
Diende

next
Anima

soul
Scribere

to write
Veto

forbid
Ultimus

last
Fides

faith
Dicere

to say
Res

things
Ego

I
Abditum

to conceal
Contra

contrary
Tamen

however
Passer

sparrow
Misericordia

mercy
Laetus

delighted
Amare

to love
Videre

to look
Praecipio

teach/advise
Adversum

against
Sinister

left
Apricus

sunlight
Nomen

name
Pulchritudo

beauty
Praeclarus

excellent
Aequus

equal
Veritas

truth
Benevolentia

benevolence/kindness
Humanitas

kindness
Sursum

up
Multus

much
Alii

others
Esse

to be
Emeritus

retired
Natura

nature
Serenitas

serenity

Latin Username Generator

Tips for Creating Your Own Latin Username

When choosing a Latin word for a username, you don’t necessarily need an in-depth knowledge of the language — just a good dictionary!

The best dictionaries you’ll find are those that come from academic institutions. (They tend to be more reliable than other online dictionaries, which may not be accurately sourced.)

In creating our list, we used the University of Notre Dame’s Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid and William Whitaker’s Words, which allows you to browse by letter or search for an English word.

We also recommend Latinitium, which offers four searchable Latin dictionaries online; you can search for Latin or English words.

With your dictionary of choice on hand, consider the following techniques to find a cool Latin word for a username:

Translate a word you like in English. Search for your favorite thing/name/word in English in one of the searchable Latin dictionaries. You’ll find the Latin translation of the word you search; similar words or synonyms may also appear in your search results. You might want to jot down a handful of your favorite words, so you have options, since not every word you like in English will translate well into Latin!
Randomize! Use a dictionary that is browsable by letter, click on a random letter, and look through the words until you find one that you like. Leaving an element of your choice up to chance can help you find words you were unaware of and find a word that immediately catches your eye.

Источник

It’s guaranteed that you have or will run into some of these Latin terms in anything including the lightest reading. That’s because they’re everywhere. In newspapers, textbooks, manuals, et cetera. They are used in, inter alia, academic writing, text messaging, and, quite extensively, law documents. So, they are, ipso facto, very important to know. Ergo, we thought it’s a good idea to combine these Latin words and phrases in one place and explain what they mean so that when you run into some of them next time, you go like, ha! I have seen this word somewhere and I know what it means. So, let’s get down to it.

1. a priori

A belief or conclusion based on assumptions or reasoning of some sort rather than actual experience or empirical evidence. Before actually encountering, experiencing, or observing a fact.

2. a posteriori.

A fact, belief, or argument that is based on actual experience, experiment, or observation. After the fact.

3. ad astra.

To the stars.

4. ad hoc.

For a particular situation, without planning or consideration of some broader purpose or application.

5. ad hominem.

Directed to a particular person rather than generally, such as an attack on a person rather than a position they are espousing.

6. ad infinitum.

Repeat forever.

7. ad lib

Short for ad libitum. As you desire, at one’s pleasure. To speak or perform without preparation.

8. ad nauseam.

Repetition that has become annoying or tiresome.

9. affidavit.

He has sworn. Sworn statement.

10. alma mater.

Nourishing, kind, bounteous mother. School from which one graduated.

11. alias.

Also known as. Otherwise known as. Less commonly as the proper meaning of at another time, otherwise.

12. alibi.

In another place. Elsewhere. Reason one couldn’t have been in a location where an act was committed.

13. alter ego.

Other self. Another side of oneself.

14. A.D.

short for anno Domini. In the year of our Lord. Number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ.

15. a.m.

Short for ante meridiem. Before midday (noon.) Morning.

16. animus.

Spirit, mind, courage anger. Animosity. Intense opposition and ill will towards something, somebody, or some social group, commonly emotional, passionate, and mean-spirited. Hatred.

17. ante.

Before. Earlier. In a Supreme Court opinion, ante refers to an earlier page of the same opinion.

18. ante bellum.

Before the war.

19. ante mortem.

Before death.

20. bona fide.

Genuine. Real. With no intention to deceive.

21. c. / ca. / or cca.

Short for circa. Around. About. Approximately. Relative to a certain year.

22. carpe diem.

Seize the day or moment. Make the best of the present rather than delay or focus on the future.

23. caveat.

Warning, caution, disclaimer, or stipulation.

24. cf.

Short for confer. Compare to. In reference to, as a comparison.

25. cogito ergo sum.

I think, therefore I am — Descartes.

26. consensus.

Agreement. General or widespread agreement.

27. corpus.

Body, especially of written or textual matter such as books and papers.

28. curriculum.

Race. Course of a race. Path of a race. Subjects comprising a course of academic study.

29. CV

Short for curriculum vitae. The course of one’s life. Resume. List of significant academic and professional accomplishments, achievements, awards, education, and training.

30. de facto.

True or matter of fact as it is, regardless of intent, good reason, authority, or official reason for being such.

31. dictum.

Something said. Noteworthy, authoritative statement or principle. Common wisdom.

32. doctor.

Teacher. Learned person. Doctor.

33. ergo.

Therefore.

34. et al.

Short for et alia (neuter plural) or et alii (masculine plural) or et aliae (feminine plural). And others. And all of the others.

35. etc.

Short for et cetera.

36. e pluribus unum.

— Out of many, one — U.S. motto.

37. ex post.

After.

38. ex post facto.

After the fact.

39. e.g.

Short for exempli gratia. For the sake of example. For example.

40. ibid.

Short for ibidem or ib idem. In the same place. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same place as the preceding citation.

41. id.

short for idem. From the same source. For a citation, indicates that it is from the same source, but not from the same location in that source. In contrast to ibidem (ibid.) which means the same location or place in the same source as the preceding citation.

42. i.e.

Short for id est. That is. In other words.

43. in absentia.

Conducted in the absence of.

44. in camera.

In chambers. In private, commonly for legal proceedings, in the judge’s office (chambers.) before digital photography cameras were little “chambers.”

45. in situ.

In position. In place.

46. in toto.

As a whole. Entirely. All of it.

47. incognito.

Unknown. With one’s identity concealed. This is actually an Italian word, derived from the Latin word incognitus.

48. inter alia.

Among others. Among other things.

49. innuendo.

By nodding. Implied. Indirectly implied. Suggested. Oblique allusion.

50. intra.

Within. In a Supreme Court opinion, refers to a decision of another court, typically an appeals court.

51. ipso facto.

By that very fact or act. Therefore.

51. lingua franca.

Common language in a multi-language environment. Technically, it’s Italian.

52. magnum opus.

Great work. Greatest work. Masterpiece.

53. M.O.

short for modus operandi. Mode or method of operation. How you do things.

54. n.b. or N.B.

short for nota bene. Note well. It is worth noting that.

55. per capita.

Per person, for each person, of a population. Individually, but not for any particular person.

56. per cent.

or percent short for per centum. For each one hundred.

57. per se.

By itself. Intrinsically. Specifically.

58. p.m. / PM

short for post meridiem. After midday (noon.) Afternoon.

59. post.

After. Later. In a Supreme Court opinion, post refers to a later page of the same opinion.

60. post mortem.

After death.

61. prima facie.

On its face. Accepted on its face. Accepted as true based on initial impression. Accepted as true unless proven false.

62. PS.

short for post scriptum. Written after. After what has been written. In addition to what has been written. In addition.

63. quasi.

As if. As though. Resembling. Similar but not quite exactly the same. Having many but not all the features of.

64. quid pro quo.

This for that. An exchange of goods or services. A barter transaction. Any contractual transaction.

65. sic

or [sic]. So, this. The previous word should be taken literally even if it is not correct or appropriate.

66. stat.

or stat short for statim. Immediately. Now. without delay.

67. status quo.

The existing state of affairs. As it is. As things are.

68. stricto sensu

or sensu stricto. In a narrow, tight, or strict sense. Strictly speaking.

69. sui generis.

Of its own kind. Unique. Outside of existing categories. In law, outside of existing law.

70. supra.

Above. From the previous cited source.

71. tabula rasa.

Clean slate. Blank slate. Absence of any preconceived notions, ideas, goals, or purpose.

72. veni, vidi, vici.

I came, I saw, I conquered.

73. verbatim.

The same exact words. Literally.

74. vs.

short for versus. Against. In opposition to. As opposed to. In contrast to.

75. veto.

I forbid. Reject.

76. vice versa.

As well as the two immediately preceding subjects of a statement reversed. The same either way. The other way around.

77. viz.

short for videre licet or videlicet. Namely. That is.

You’ve reached the end of the article. Please share it if you think it deserves.

Источник

You can refine a search with logical operators.

&	and
\|	or
~	near (within about 100 characters)
( )	precedence
#	word break

And you can restrict a search to set of authors or works by
including filters in the search string. Filters use
abbreviations (or numbers) for authors and works and are
enclosed within square brackets. For example, [Cic] esse videtur would search for esse videtur in Cicero. These patterns are
valid:

[Cic:Catil]	Cicero’s In Catilinam
[Cic:56-59]	Cicero’s Letters
[474:39-40,73]	Brutus, Orator, and Rhetorica ad Herennium
[Cic Quint]	Cicero and Quintilian
[Catul Tib Prop Ov]	Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid

Abbreviations (and numbers) can be found in the Canon.

Источник

(This dictionary contains 7,874 words; Use Ctrl+F (or Cmd+F) to search for a word)

a ab abs: (prep + abl) numbers — counting from.

a ab abs: (prep + abl) separation — out of (one out of many).

a ab abs: (prep + abl) in connection with, with regard to.

a ab abs: (prep + abl) with passive verbs — by, because.

a ab abs: (prep + abl) space- from, away from.

a ab abs: (prep + abl) time — from, since, after.

abalienato: transfer of property, alienation.

abavus: great-great-grandfather.

abbas abbatis: father /abbot.

abbatia: abbey, monastery.

abdico: to renounce, reject / abdicate / disapprove of.

abdo: put away, remove / hide, conceal.

abdomen: belly / gluttony.

abduco: to lead, or take away/ detach, withdraw.

abeo: to pass, to have been.

abeo: to digress / change / vanish, disappear.

abeo: + in: to be changed.

abeo: to go away, retire /depart from life, die.

aberro: to wander, deviate, escape.

abhinc: ago, back from now, henceforth, hereafter.

abhorreo: to shudder.

abicio: to throw down, dispense with, get rid of /dishearten, weaken.

abico: to humble, cast aside.

abiego: to send away, send off.

abigo: to drive off, drive away, rustle cattle, steal.

abiungo: to unharnass/ separate, detach.

abiuro: to deny by oath.

abluo: to wash, clean, cleanse.

abnego: to deny, refuse.

abnepos: great-great-grandson.

abnocto: to spend the night out, to stay away all night.

abnuo: to deny.

aboleo: to destroy, abolish, annul, do away with, obliterate, efface.

abolesco: to die, perish, vanish.

abominor: to abhor, hate, detest, abominate.

aborior: to set (as in «the sun sets»).

abortio: miscarriage.

abortivus: one prematurely born.

abrogo: to repeal, annul, remove, take away.

abrumpo: to break off, sever, remove, dissociate, separate.

abruptio: separation, divorce.

abscedo: to go away, depart, leave.

abscido: to cut off, to separate, take away.

absconditus: hidden, concealed.

abscondo: to hide, conceal, secrete.

absens, absentis: (adj.) absent, missing, away, gone.

absisto: to go away, desist.

absit: «god forbid, «let it be far from the hearts of the faithful».

absorbeo: to swallow, gulp down, carry away, engross.

absque: (+ ablative) without, except.

abstergo: to wipe off, clean away.

abstulo: to take away, withdraw.

absum: to be absent, be away, be missing, be gone.

abundans: abundant, overflowing, abounding in.

abundantia: abundance, bounty, plenty.

abunde: in great profusion, profusely, abundantly.

abutor: to make full use of, to abuse.

abutor: to use abusive language / use a word incorrectly.

abyssus: hell, abyss, chasm.

ac: =atque and.

accedo: to approach, come near /(things) to be added.

accelero: to quicken, hasten, speed /accelerate.

accendo: to kindle, illuminate, inflame.

accendo: to rouse up, arouse, excite, incite.

acceptius: suitable for receiving.

acceptus: welcome, pleasant, agreeable.

accersitus: summoned, called.

accido: to fall down /to happen, occur / to hack, hew /to ruin.

accido: destroy.

accipio: cepi, ceptum, to receive, accept, take.

accipio: to consider oneself indebted, receive, learn, take.

acclivius: well-disposed.

accommodo: to adjust, adapt, accommodate oneself.

accredo: to believe unconditionally, accept wholeheartedly.

accubo: to recline at table, dine.

accumulo: to add to a heap, accumulate, amass.

accusator: accusor, plaintiff.

accuso: to accuse, blame, find fault with.

acer: stinging, violent, bitter.

acer: sharp, keen, eager, severe, fierce.

acerbitas: harshness, bitterness, anguish.

acerbus: bitter, gloomy, dark.

acerbus: shrill, rigorous.

acervus: a heap, mass.

acidus: sharp, sour.

acies: keeness, edge, sharpness, battle-line, battlefield.

acies: army, wing of a formation.

acquiesco: to repose, assent to, agree.

acquiro: to acquire, gain, get, obtain.

acriter: * vehemently, forcefully.

acsi: as if, (Herimann p. 283, 293).

actio: to act.

actus: moving through.

adamans: steeled, unyielding, adamant, stubborn, intransigeant.

adamo: to fall in love with, find pleasure in.

adapto: adapt, adjust, make ready, or fit.

adaugeo: to make greater, add, increase, augment.

addo: to give, bring, place, / inspire, cause,/ add, join.

adduco: to lead, induce, persuade, bring.

ademptio: a taking away.

adeo: (adverb) so far, to that point, so much, so long, etc.

adeo: to such a point, such an extent, so far, so long.

adeo: to approach, visit, come to, undertake.

adeptio: attainment, obtaining, achievement.

adepto: to obtain, get, acquire.

adfectus affectus: (fr. adficio) influenced, worked upon.

adfero affero: to cause, bring about, contribute.

adfero affero: to bring news, report / apply, bring to bear.

adficio: to affect, afflict, weaken, sap, exhaust, drain.

adflicto affligo: to injure, weaken, discourage, damage, break.

adhaero: to hang to, stick to, adhere.

adhaero: to stick, cleave, secure, keep close to.

adhuc: till then, till now, still, even now, besides, also, yet.

adicio: to direct, address, apply / to throw to.

adimpleo: to fulfill, perform, carry out.

adinvenio: to devise.

adinventio: to invention.

adipiscor: to come up to, overtake, obtain.

adipiscor: to acquire, arrive at, reach.

aditus: entrance, ingress.

adiutorium: assistance, help, aid, assistance.

adiuvo: to help, aid, assist, succor.

adjicio: to add, to turn towards, move towards, suggest.

adjungo: to join connect.

adminiculum: assistance, aid.

administratio: giving of help, administration, government.

administro: to guide, serve (food).

admiratio: wonder, astonishment, surprise, admiration.

admiror: to wonder at, admire, marvel at, be astonished at.

admitto: to admit, receive.

admoneo: admonish, advise.

admoneo: to urge or incite to action.

admonitio: warning, reminder. (insult: Herimann, p. 282).

admoveo: to move to, bring up, apply.

adnihilo: to bring to nothing, annihilate, demolish.

adnuo: to nod assent.

adolescens: young man, coming to maturity,.

adopto: to wish for oneself, adopt, select, pick out.

adorno: to equip, furnish, embellish.

adpropinquo: * draw near, approach, near.

adservio: to aid, help, assist.

adsidue assidue: continuously, without remission.

adstringo: to draw together, tighten, compress, compact /.

adstringo: (persons) bind, oblige, (+ refl.) commit oneself to.

adsuesco assuesco: to grow accustomed to, used to, make familiar.

adsuetudo: custom, habit.

adsum: to to be at hand/ to come.

adsum: to assist, be present, be near, be in attendance,.

adsumo (assumo): to take to oneself, claim, appropriate, call.

aduentus: arrival.

adulatio: fawning, flattery, sycophancy, buttering up.

adulator: sycophant, adulator.

adulescens: young man, youth, lad.

adulescentia: youth.

adultus: (adj.) grown up, mature, adult, of age.

aduro (adustum): to set fire to, burn, singe, kindle, light.

adveho: to carry, come.

advena: foreigner.

advenio: to come, arrive, reach.

adventum: arrival, advent, a coming.

adversa: unfavorable.

adversarius: opponent.

adversitas: opposition/ adversity.

adversor: to oppose, resist, fight back.

adversum: adversity.

adversus: (prep. + acc.) toward, against, facing.

adversus: (adj.) facing, opposite, opposing. /unfortunate.

adverto: to turn towards, direct one’s attention to, attract.

advoco: to summon, call / call in an advisor.

aedificium edificium: building, structure.

aeger: eger: sick.

aeger: diseased, sick, infected, ill.

aegre: egre: (adv.) hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, laboriously.

aegre: with displeasure.

aegresco: egresco: to fall ill, become troubled, grow worse.

aegretudo: egretudo: sickness, mental illness.

aegrotatio egrotatio: sickness, illness.

aegroto: to languish, grow more sick, fail.

aegrotus: ill, sick.

aegrus: ill, diseased, unwell.

aeneus: eneus: made of copper or bronze, brazen.

aequitas: equitas: justice, fairness, equity.

aequus: equus: level, even, calm, equal, favorable, just.

aer: aeris air, atmosphere, ether, weather.

aera: era: 4 or 5 years, years from 38 bc (Spain).

aerumna: toil, hardship, tribulation.

aerumnosus: wretched.

aestas estas: summer.

aestimo: to estimate, guess, reckon.

aestivus estivus: pertaining to summer.

aestuo: to burn with desire, blaze, vacillate [vikings], heave.

aestus: passionate fire.

aestus estus: heat, tide.

aestus maris: tides.

aetas: an age, stage, period of life, time, era.

aeternus eternus: eternal, everlasting, without end.

aether, aetherius: heaven, heavenly/celestial.

aevum: age, life.

affabilis: courteous.

affamen: import.

affatus: address, speech.

affectuosus: affectionate.

affectus: goodwill, emotion, disposition of mind.

affectus vocis: tone of voice.

affero: to carry.

affero: adfero: to bring, give, impart, turn over.

affinitas: relationship, neighborhood.

afflictio: reduced condition, state.

afflictus: distressed, cast down, prostrate, ruined, weakened.

affligo: to reduce, ruin, distress, cast down, strike against, weaken.

affluencia: abundance, affluence.

affluenter: copiously, affluently.

affluo: to come in haste.

affor: to speak to, address.

ager: land, countryside, fields.

ager (agri): farm, field, acre.

agger: bulwark, mound.

aggero: to make a mound, heap up, increase.

aggero: to pucker, pile up.

aggravo: to annoy, incommode.

aggredior: to go to, approach, address, attack.

aggredior: to go to, begin, attack.

agito: to put in motion, move, rouse.

agmen: host.

agna: ewe, lamb.

agnatus: a relation in the male line.

agnellus: small lamb, lambkin.

agnitio: recognition, knowledge.

agnosco: to recognize, understand, perceive.

agnosco: to know again, recognize, report, understand, admit.

agnosco: acknowledge.

agnus: sheep.

ago: egi: actum: to spend time, live / manage, drive, lead.

agon: agonia: combat, public contest.

agonotheta: champion.

agrarius: relating to the land, farming, or countryside.

agrestis: (adj) rustic, wild, unmannered, boorish, clodish.

agricola: (masc.) farmer, tiller of fields, cultivator.

agripeta: (masc.) someone who seizes land, squatter, land-grabber.

ait: he says.

aiunt: they say.

ala: wing/armpit/naval squadron /part of line of battle /sails, oars.

alacer: (-ris) quick, sharp, rapid, ready, keen.

alacritas: rapidity, quickness, animation, sharpness, eagerness.

alarius: relating to the wing of an army / allied troops.

alatus: winged, having wings.

alauda: the lark.

alba: alb.

albeo: to become white.

album: writing tablet / list.

albus: white.

alcedo: the kingfisher.

alcedonia: (neuter pl.) the kingfisher’s time, calm, tranquility.

alces: the elk.

alcyon: the kingfisher.

alea: dice game / risk, chance, hazard.

aleator: dice-player / gambler / someone who takes chances.

ales: augury.

alesco: to grow, mature.

alga: sea-weed.

algeo: (-ere, alsi, algens) to be cold.

algesco: to bcome cold / to catch cold.

algidus: (-a, -um) cold.

algor: cold.

alias: at another time / otherwise.

alibi: elsewhere, in other respects.

alica: spelt.

alicubi: everywhere, somewhere.

alicunde: from somewhere, from anywhere.

aliena quadra vivere: to live from another’s table.

alienari: (pass) to lose one’s mind.

alienatio: alienation, transfer of ownership.

alienigena: foreign, strange, outlandish.

alienigenus: composite, made up of different substances, heterogenous.

alieno: to let go, transfer / estrange / forget.

alienus: somebody else’s, foreign, alien, strange, different.

aliger: winged, having wings.

alii .. alii: some .. others.

alimentum: food, provender, victuals.

alimonia: nourishment.

alimonium: nourishment, essentials, provisions, food.

alio: to another place, person, end / for another purpose.

alioqui: (adv.) otherwise.

alioquin: (adv.) otherwise, in some respects /in general.

alipes: wing-footed.

aliqua: some.

aliquando: at any time, sometimes, occasionally, at last.

aliquanta: (adj.) moderate, or some size.

aliquanto: somewhat, considerably.

aliquantulus: little, small, diminutive / a little, a bit.

aliquantum: (noun) a good deal.

aliquantus: (adj.) of some size, moderate.

aliquatenus: to a certain extent.

aliqui: some.

aliquid: someone, somebody, something.

aliquis: someone, anyone, anything, (adv.) in any respect.

aliquo: (adv.) in some direction.

aliquot: some, several.

aliquotiens: some times.

aliquoties: [sic](adverb) several times.

aliter: otherwise, in another way, in a different fashion.

alius: +quam = other than.

alius: atque: other than.

alius: aliter: in different ways.

alius: alia: aliud: other, another, someone else, something else.

aliusmodi: in another way, somehow else, in a different fashion.

allatus (=adfero): having been brought.

allec: herrings, pickled fish.

allocutio: to address, encouragement.

alloquor: to address, encourage.

alma: a nourishing one.

almitas: bounty.

almus: kind, generous / nourishing.

almus: bountiful.

alnus: the alder tree.

alnus: alder.

alo: nourish, cherish, support, sustain, maintain, keep.

alodus: heritable estate.

alquod: some.

alter: (adv.) otherwise.

alter .. alter: the one .. the other.

alter altera alterum: the second, the other one.

altercatio: dispute, strife.

alternis: by turns.

alternis sermonibus: alternating speeches, dialogue.

alterno: to do one thing and then another.

altilis: domestic fattened bird.

altithronus: one enthroned on high, seated in heaven.

altivolus: soaring.

altor: foster-father, patron, advocate, protector, educator.

altus: matured / great / high / deep / noble / ancient, old / secret.

alumno: nurseling, student, disciple.

alumnus: nursling.

alveus: hollow, basket, bed (of a river).

amaritudo: bitterness.

ambages: double-talk, digression.

ambiguitas: uncertainty.

ambiguus: doubtful.

ambio + inf: to strive, solicit.

ambitio: desire for power.

ambitus: border, edge, extent /going around, circuit.

ambitus: circumference.

ambivium: double way.

ambulo: to walk.

amens: out of ones senses.

amicabiliter: amicably, pleasantly, sociably.

amicitia: friendship, alliance.

amictus: mantle.

amiculum: cloak, cape.

amicus: friend, comrade.

amissio: amissus: loss.

amita: father’s sister, paternal aunt.

amita: paternal aunt.

amitto: to dismiss, send away, lose, let slip away.

amitto: let slip.

amnis: stream, torrent.

amoena: pleasant [of a place].

amoenitas: pleasantness [of a place].

amor: love, affection, infatuation, passion.

amotio: removal.

amoveo: to move away, remove, take out, shift.

amplector: to embrace, surround.

amplexus: an embracing, surrounding, loving embrace, [euphemism].

amplifico: to increase, enlarge.

amplio: to enlarge, increase, improve.

amplitudo: size, breadth, dignity, grandeur, greatness.

amplus: large, spacious, ample /great important, honorable.

an: (adv.) or «Are you going OR are you staying?».

anarchos: without beginning, without a leader.

ancilla: maidservant, also used by nuns to decribe themselves.

andron: corridor, aisle.

anethum: dill, anise.

anfractus: crooked, with tortuous bends.

angelus: angel.

Angli: Angles [from England].

ango: to trouble, draw together.

angulus: corner, niche.

angustata: circumscribed.

angustus: narrow, limited, strait, tight, constricted.

anhelo: to desire, want, strive for/ breathe, live.

anima: life, soul.

animadverto: to turn the mind to, take notice of, see, perceive.

animadverto: sometimes understand, realize.

animi: at heart.

animositas: spirit, wrath.

animosus: courageous, ardent, passionate, furious.

animosus: undaunted, wrathful.

animus: courage, vivacity, bravery, will, spirit, soul.

animus: character, intellect, memory, consciousness, often = mind.

animus: soul, spirit, intellect.

annecto: to connect.

annona: yearly produce, grain crop / price of grain / cost of living.

annullo: to obliterate, destroy, annihilate.

annuo: to nod, consent, give assent to /approve, favor.

annuo: to allow, grant, promise /designate.

annuo: to give assent, approve.

annus: year.

ansa: a handle.

anser: goose.

ante: (prep. + acc.) before/ in front of/ (adv.) before, previously.

antea: (adv.) before, previously, formerly.

antecedo: to precede.

antecessor: predecessor.

antepono: (+ dat.) put before, prefer, favor, promote.

antequam: before (in time).

anticipo: to surpass, excel.

antiquitas: the ancients.

antiquus: ancient, old, hoary,.

antistes: bishop.

antrum: grotto.

anxia: uneasy.

anxio: to make uneasy, to anguish.

aper: wild boar.

aperio: to uncover, lay bare, reveal, make clear.

aperito: F, an opening.

aperte: openly, frankly.

apertio: f, an opening.

apex: summit.

apices: writing.

apostolus: (legal) notice sent to a higher tribunal / ecc. Apostle.

apparatus: equipment, gear, machinery/ splendor, magnificence.

apparatus: exertion, effort.

appareo: to become visible, appear, manifest.

appello: to call, name, summon.

appello: to land.

appello: to drive, move towards/ [passive] to land.

appenditia: appurtenance.

applico: to land, steer, attach.

appono: to place near, put to, serve, put on the table.

appono: to appoint a person, to add something.

appositus: placed near, approaching, appropriate, appositively.

approbo: to approve.

appropinquo: (+ dat.) to near, drawn near, come close, approach.

appropinquo: to approach.

apto: to fit, approve, be suitable, proper, fit.

aptus: fitted, connected, fastened /prepared, fitted out.

aptus: suitable, appropriate, fitting.

apud: (prep. + acc.) among, in the presence of, at, at the house of.

aqua: water.

aquila: eagle.

aquilo: the north wind.

aquilo: north wind.

aquilus: dark colored, swarthy.

ara: altar /refuge, protection.

aranea: spider’s web.

arator: plowman, cultivator.

aratrum: plow.

arbitrium: judgment.

arbitro: arbitror: to witness, bear witness / judge, arbitrate.

arbor: tree.

arbustum: a vineyard planted with trees.

arbustus: planted with trees.

arca archa: chest, box, money box, coffin, cell.

arcanum: sacred secret.

arceo: to shut up, enclose.

arcesso, accerso: to bring, fetch, summon, call for.

archidictus: extremely eloquent.

archipater: great ancestor.

archos: ruler.

arcus: bow (BOW and arrows), arch, bend, arc.

ardens: burning.

ardor: ardor, impatience.

arduum: steep place, the steep.

arduus: difficult, proudly elevated.

argentum: silver, money.

argumentatio: argumentation.

argumentosus: proven, rich in material.

argumentum: proof, evidence.

arguo: to blame, accuse /prove, expose, convict /declare.

arguo: to show, make clear, attempt to show /censure, reprove.

argutus: acute.

arista: the point of the ear, the beard on an ear of wheat.

arma: arms, weapons, armaments.

armarium: cupboard, chest, safe (for food, clothing, money).

armentum: herd.

armiger: armed.

armilla: armlets.

armis: by force of arms.

armo: to provide arms, arm, equip, fit out.

aro: to plow.

arripio: to lay hold of.

arrogans: presuming, haughty.

arrogantia: presumption.

ars: (artis) skill method, technique, conduct, character.

ars: strategem/ science, art, skill/ craft.

articulus: (of time) a moment, crisis.

artifex: author, artist, artisan, maker.

artificialiter: artfully.

artificiose: skillfuly.

artificiosus: skillful, accomplished, skillfuly made.

arto: to press together, reduce, abrdiged.

artus: limbs.

arx: arcis: citadel, stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon.

arx, arces: town.

ascendo: to climb.

ascia: carpenter’s axe, mason’s trowel.

ascio: to take up, adopt as one’s own.

ascisco: to receive, admit/ adopt / take up, approve.

aspectus: countenance.

asper: rough, harsh, severe.

asper: violent, fierce, rough.

aspergo: to sprinkle, cover.

asperitas: roughness, severity/ harshness, fierceness.

aspernatio: contempt.

aspernor: to spurn.

aspersus: instructed.

aspicio: to look at, behold, gaze at, see.

aspirator: inciter.

asporto: to carry off, take away.

assensus: approval.

assentator: flatterer, sycophant, yes-man.

asser: a stake, pole.

assero: to claim, defend.

assiduus: unremitting.

assilio: to leap upon.

assimilares: adj, similar.

assimulo: simulate, immatate, represent.

assuesco: (-sueui, -suetum) to accustom, to accustom oneself.

assus: dried, roasted, grilled.

astrum: star, constellation.

astus: m, cunning.

at: (conj.) but. (more emphatic and emotional than sed).

atavus: great-great-great grandfather, ancestor.

ater: gloomy, malicious.

atqui: (conj.) and yet, still.

atrer: atra: atrum: dark, gloomy.

atrocitas: hashness, cruelty, frightfulness, barbarity, horror.

atrociter: cruelly, violently.

atrox: terrible, cruel, horrible, harsh.

attentus: attentive, careful of one’s property.

attero: destroy, waste, weaken, impair.

attero: to weaken, ruin, rub against, rub away, erode.

attero: attritus: to weaken[en], wear away, wear down.

attinet: [+ inf.] is of importance.

attollo: to exalt.

attollo: to raise, lifet up, elevate/ excite, exalt.

attonbitus: frantic, inspired, thunder-struck, stunned.

attonitus: stunned, thunderstruck.

attrecto: to touch.

attributa: assigned, associated.

auarca: leather sandal worn by pyrenean peasants.

auctor: author, originator.

auctorita: authority, power.

auctoritas: authority.

auctorizo: to confirm, approve, authenticate.

auctus: growth, enlargement, increase.

audacia: temerity.

audacter, audaciter: boldly, proudly, fearlessly.

audax: bold, rash, foolhardy.

audentia: boldness, courage.

audeo: to dare. (part. ausus ).

audio: to hear, hearken, listen to.

auditor: hearer, listener.

aufero: to carry away, remove /steal, carry off, make away with.

aufero: to take away by force.

augeo: increase, enlarge, enrich.

augeo: to increase, strengthen.

augmento: to increase.

augmentum: increase, growth.

aula: court, hall.

aura: heaven, breeze.

aureus: golden.

auris: ear.

aurum: gold.

austerus: strict, rigid, stern.

ausus: risk, hazard, gamble, dare.

aut: .aut: either..or.

autem: but, on the other hand, however, moreover, also.

autumo: to assert, believe, affirm.

autus: increase, enlargement, growth.

auxilium: aid, help, assistance, support.

avara: avaricious.

avaritia: avarice, greed.

avarus: greedy, avaricious.

aveho: to carry away, remove (avexi avectum ).

avello: to tear away, tear off.

aversor: to repulse.

averto: to turn away, avert, avoid. turn back.

avoco: to call away, divert.

avunculus: maternal uncle.

avus: grandfather.

bacca: berry, pearl.

baccatus: set with pearls, pearl encrusted, ornamented with pearls.

bacchatus: enraged.

bacifer: berry-bearing.

bacillum: rod, a small staff.

baculum: baculus: cane, walking stick, staff.

baiulo: to carry a burden, have a responsibility.

baiulus: porter, pall-bearer, carrier of a burden /steward.

bajulo: to to carry.

balaena: whale.

balanus: acorn, chestnut, date.

balatro: fool, buffoon, jester.

balatus: bleating of sheep, baaing.

balbus: stammering, stuttering, fumbling.

balbutio: to stutter, stammer /speak obscurely.

balena: whale.

balineum: balneum: bath, bathhouse, bathing-place.

ballista: a siege engine, catapult, stone thrower.

balnearius: pertaining to the bathhouse /bathhouse.

balneator: keeper of a bathhouse.

balo: to bleat.

balsamam: balsam tree /balsam gum.

balteus: girdle.

barathrum: pit, abyss /the underworld.

barba: beard, whiskers.

barbare: barbarously, uncouthly, savagely/ in a foreign manner.

barbaria: a country other than Greece or Rome, savagery, rudeness.

barbaria: lack of culture, state of being uncivilized and/or uncouth.

barbaricus: a foreigner/ not Greek or Roman/ outlander.

barbarus: barbarian/ foreigner/ rude, uncouth, rough, savage.

barbarus: barbarian.

barbatus: bearded, having a beard.

bardus: stupid, slow, dull.

baritus: barritus: German war cry.

baro: dolt, simpleton, fool, blockhead.

barrus: elephant.

bascauda: a basket.

basiatio: the act of kissing, giving a kiss, being kissed, a kiss.

basiator: one who kisses.

basilica: a public building for law cases, etc./ a church, cathedral.

basilice: royally, regally.

basilicus: regal, royal, princely.

basio: to kiss.

basis: a base/ foundation/ pedestal.

basium: a kiss.

battuo: to beat, strike, smack, knock, hit.

beatitas: happiness, felicity, blessedness.

beatus: blessed, fortunate, sometimes «saint».

bellaria: [pl.] dessert.

bellator: [adj] courageous, brave, warlike.

bellator: fighting man, warrior.

bellatorius: warlike, martial, pugnacious.

belle: prettily, handsomely, charmingly.

bellicosus: warlike.

bellicum: a signal to march, attack, advance, charge.

bellicus: martial, military, war-like.

belliger: at war, waging war, in a state of war, warlike.

belligero: to wage war, be at war, be in a state of war.

bello: to wage war.

bellor: to wage war.

bellua: a brute, beast, large animal.

bellum: war.

bellum: war, warfare.

bellus: beautiful, pretty, charming, handsome.

bene: well (melior: better / optime: best ).

beneficentia: kindness, benevolence, kindliness.

beneficium: benefit, favor, service, privilege, right.

beneficium: boon, reward, wages, bribe, gift, pious donation.

beneficus: kind, generous, obliging.

benevolens: well-wishing, helpfull, thoughtful, kindly.

benevolentia: benevolence, kindness, good will.

benigne: kindly, generously.

benignitas: kind, friendly, generous/ abundant, bounteous.

benignus: kind, generous, helpful.

beo: to bless.

bestia: animal, beast.

bibo: to drink, quaff.

bicallis: foot-path, path.

bidens: sheep, sacrificial animal.

bipennis: battle-axe.

bis: twice.

bivium: place where two ways meet.

blande: carefully, softly.

blandio: to flatter.

blandior: to flatter, caress, (+ dat.) coax.

blanditia: blandishments, attractions, allurement, charm.

blanditium: allurement, persuasion.

blandus: flattering, persuasive.

blasphematio: reviling.

blasphemo: to revile.

blasphemus: blasphemer, [adj.] reviling.

blatta: purple.

boatus: bellowing.

bona: good qualities, gifts, blessings as well as material properties.

bonae indolis: of great promise.

bonus: good (melior: better / optimus: best ).

boo: boare: to cry out, sing, praise, narrate.

bos (bovis ): cow, ox. bull.

bracteola: thin gold leaf.

bravium: reward.

brevis: short, small, brief.

brevitas: shortness, brevity.

breviter: briefly.

Britones: Bretons.

bucinum: trumpet-blast.

bulla: stud, boss, formal papal document.

caballus: steed.

cacumen: apex, peak.

cadaver: corpse.

cado: to fall, drop, plummet, topple.

caecus: blind, sightless.

caedes: carnage.

caedo: to fell, fall, be fruitless, kill.

caelebs: celibate.

caelestis: heavenly, celestial / noun, a god, dweller in heaven.

caeli: skies, heavens, vault of heauen.

caelitus: from heaven.

caelum: sky, heaven.

caetera: the rest, that remaining.

calamitas: calamity, misfortune, disaster, loss.

calamitosus: disastrous.

calamus: anything made or reed — pen, arrow, pipe, etc.

calcar, -is: spur.

calceata: paved road.

calco: to tread, trample upon, tread under foot.

calculus: pebble, stone.

caleo: to be warmed, be inflamed.

caliga: darkness, gloom, mist.

caligo: to becloud, darken.

caligo: to make dizzy.

calix: a vessel for drinking.

callide: skilfully, cleverly / cunningly, slyly, subtly.

calliditas: cunning.

callidus: clever, dextrous, experienced, skilful / cunning, sly.

caltha: marigold.

calumnior: to accuse falsely.

calvities: baldness.

calvus: bald.

calx: the heel /stone, pebble /lime /goal, aim.

camena: poetry, poem, song.

camera: vault, vaulted room /small boat.

caminus: a forge, large hearth.

campana: bell.

campeador: champion of the field, victor.

campester: flat, even, level/ a plain.

campitor: charger, battle-horse, war horse.

campus: level place, field, plain.

camur: curved, bent, hooked.

canalis: channel, canal /pipe.

cancer: crab /the direction south /heat of summer /disease of cancer.

candela: taper, candle.

candelabrum: lamp-stand.

candeo: to shine, glow, grow brilliant, sparkle.

candide: openly, clearly, candidly.

candidus: bright, shining, white.

canis: dog.

canistrum: bee-hive.

canities: grey hair /old age.

canonicus: canonical, according to the canons, legal, lawful, right.

canonus: canon, member of a cathedral chapter or canonry, Augustinian.

canto: to sing.

capillus: hair.

capio: to rent, hire /seize, arrest.

capio: to take, choose /attack, injure/ comprehend.

capistro: to halter, put a halter on a horse.

capistrum: halter, harness, mazzle.

capitagium: poll tax.

capitale: cattle, possessions, chattels.

capitulus: chapter, chapter meeting, chapter house.

capra: she-goat.

capreolus: roebuck.

captio: imprisonment.

captivas: captivity.

captivo: to take captive.

captivus: captive.

capto: to seize, catch at / strive after, desire, seek.

capto: to grab, try to get, grab at.

captus: a catching, taking / power or manner of comprehension / idea.

captus: taken, captured, prisoner.

capulatio: decapitation.

capulum: hilt.

capulus: coffin / handle / hilt of a sword.

caput: capitis: head / top, summit /chief /capital /leader, captain.

caput ieiunius: Ash Wednesday.

carbasa: (-orum, n.) flax, flaxen, made of flax.

carbaseus: made of canvas.

carbasum: canvas sail.

carbasus: heteroclite.

carbo: carbonis: carbon, coal, charcoal /burning wood, burnt wood.

carbonarius: a charcoal burner.

carcer: prison, cell, jail, dungeon.

carceres: the starting-place of a race course.

carchesium: a goblet with handles /top of a mast /scuttle.

cardiacus: of the stomach.

cardo: -inis, m.) a hinge /pole or pivot.

cardo: [boundary] line, a line limiting a field by agrimensores.

cardo duplex: a cardinal point /main consideration.

cardo duplex: ends of the earth’s axis.

carduus: thistle.

carectum: sedgy spot, place thick with rushes.

careo: (+ abl.) to absent oneself from.

careo: (+ abl. of sep.) be without, be deprived of, lack, want.

careo: to feel the want of.

carex: (-icia) rush, sedge.

caries: rottenness, corruption, decay.

carina: the keel of a ship /ship, vessel.

cariosus: rotten, decayed.

caris: (-idia f.) a kind of crab.

caritas: high price /high cost of living /dearness, affection.

caritas: charity.

carmen: song, poem /prediction, incantation /religious formula.

carnero: steer, cow.

carneus: made of flesh.

carnifex: executioner, hangman.

carnificina: the work of a hangman, execution /torture.

carnifico: behead, mangle, mutilate.

caro: (carnis f.) flesh, meat.

carpo: to pluck, seize, grab, lay hold of, hold on to.

carptor: one who carves food.

carruca: four-wheeled carriage.

carrus: four-wheeled baggage wagon.

caruncula: small piece of flesh.

carus: dear, beloved /costly, high-priced, expensive.

casa: hut, cottage, cabin.

caseus: cheese.

casia: a tree with an aromatic bark/ sweet-smelling mezereon.

casses: a net, trap, snare, spider’s web.

cassida: a metal helmet.

cassis: a metal helmet.

casso: to bring to naught, destroy, annul, make void.

casso: in vain.

cassus: empty, hollow/ [+ abl.] deuoid of/ worthless useless, vain.

cassus: [+ abl.] to be devoid of whatever.

castanea: a chestnut or chestnut.

caste: purely, spotlessly, purely, uprightly, chastely.

castellani: garrison of a fortress.

castellanus: relating to a fortress, castellan.

castellatim: in single fortresses.

castellum: castle, fortress, fort, citadel/ shelter, refuge.

castigatio: [-onis] punishment, reproof.

castigator: one who punishes, reproves, corrects.

castigatus: restrained, orderly, neat.

castigo: reprove, chasten, punish, chastise/ check, restrain.

castimonia: purity, chastity, state of being unpolluted, morally clean.

castitas: chastity, pure, morally clean, unpolluted.

castor: beaver.

castra: [-orum] an encampment, temporary fortification, bivouac.

castra aestiva: summer camp, quarters, bivouac.

castra hiberna: winter camp, quarters, station

castrensis: pertaining to a camp, military/ disciplined, orderly.

castro: castrate, enervate, weaken, unman, emasculate.

castrum: castle, fort, fortress, fortified encampment, station.

castrum: fortress.

castus: clean pure, chaste/ pious.

casualis: accidental, fortuitous.

casula: chasuble, monk’s cowl.

casus: a falling /occasion, opportunity /event.

casus: accident, violent death.

casus: downfall.

casus: accident, chance, fortune.

catena: chain, fetters.

caterva: crowd, troop, flock.

catervatim: in troops, in masses.

cattus: cat.

cauda: the tail of an animal.

causa: cause /reason, motive, pretext /interest.

causa: case at law, case, law-suit /situation, condition.

causa: (in the abl.) on account of, for the sake of.

causidicus: advocate, pleader.

caute: cautim: cautiously, with security.

cautela: caution, precaution, security.

cautio: caution, care, foresight.

cautor: one who is on his guard/ one who goes bond, suretor.

cautor: guarantor.

cautus: [property] made safe, secured/ fenced/ secured by law.

cautus: [persons] careful, cautious /[things] secure, made safe.

cautus: circumspect.

cavare: manorial task of cultivating, digging, ditching, etc.caveo:

cavea: hollow place, cavity/ cave/ pit.

caveo: +dat. of a person= take care of, provide for.

caveo: +acc.= be on guard against /+ut+subj.=take care that.

caveo: [cavi cautum] beware, avoid, look out for.

caveo: give security, mortgage.

caverna: hollow place, cavity, cave, cavern.

cavo: hollow out, excavate/ pierce/ dig, cultivate.

cavum: a hollow, hole, cavity, pit, excavation, depression.

cavus: [-a, -um] hollow, empty.

cavus: hole, pit.

cedo: cessi: cessum: to grant, yield/ withdraw.

cedo: (+ dat.) give ground to, submit to, be inferior to.

cedo: to go, proceed /turn out, happen/go away, withdraw.

celebratio: large crowd, audience, assembly.

celebrer: adj, renowned, well known, popular, famous.

celebris: celebrated.

celebritas: crowd, multitude /celebration /fame, renown.

celebrus: abounding in, rich in, much frequented, respected.

celer: quick, swift, rapid, speedy, fast.

celeritas: speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness.

celeriter: rapidly, quickly, swiftly, speedily.

cella: room, store-room, garret.

cellarius: adj. relating to a store-room /n. cellarer.

celo: to hide, conceal, keep secret.

celox: -ocis fast, rapid, swift, fleet.

celsitudo: loftiness.

celsus: elevated, lofty /arrogant, proud, haughty.

cena: dinner, meal.

cenaculum: garret, attic.

ceno: to dine.

censeo: censui, censum/ estimate, assess, evaluate.

censeo: argue, suggest, advise.

censor: judge.

censura: opinion, judgment.

census: -us/ wealth, property /census.

census: gifts, tax, annual render.

centum: one hundred, 100 (undeclinable).

cerealis: sacred to Ceres.

cerno: to separate, sift, distinguish /decide, resolve, determine.

cerno: to perceive.

cernuus: faling headlong.

certamen: contest, contention, rivalry of any kind, conflict.

certamen: engagement, combat.

certe: certo: (adv) certainly, assuredly.

certo: to contend, settle, dispute, to settle by combat.

certo: to struggle , fight.

certus: undoubted, certain, sure, settled, resolved.

certus: decided /definite.

certus: determined.

cervix: neck, boldness.

cervus: stag, deer.

cesso: to leave off, cease /linger, delay.

cetera: for the rest, otherwise.

ceteri: the remaining, the rest, the others.

ceterum: (adv.) otherwise, moreover, but.

ceterus: the other, the rest.

chalybs: steel, iron, sickel, sword.

charisma: carisma: gift, present.

charitas: benevolence, offering.

charus: affectionate.

charybdis: whirlpool.

chirographum: autograph, person’s own handwriting /written charter.

chorus: troop.

cibaria: victuals.

cibo: food for animals.

cibus: food for men and animals.

cicuta: hemlock.

ciminatio: accusation, calumny, charge.

ciminosus: reproachful, slanderous.

Cineres: Ash Wednesday.

cinis: cineris: ashes, embers.

circumsto: to beset.

circumvenio: to come around, surround, cheat, defraud.

circumvenio: to beset, assail.

citara: a harp.

citatio: summons, call.

citatus: summons, citation.

citatus: quick, speedy.

citius: speedily, quickly, rapidly.

citivolus: swiftly flying.

cito: to be moved, aroused.

cito: quickly, rapidly, speedily.

cito: to put into quick motion, quickened.

civilis: civil, civic.

civis: citizen, townsman, bourgeois, burgess.

civitas: state, citzenship, city-state, city.

clades: scourge.

clam: secretly, in secret, stealthily..

clamito: to bawl out for.

clamo: to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare.

clamor: a shout, cry, loud call, outcry.

clango: to sound.

clangor: sounding.

claritas: brightness.

claritudo: brightness.

claro: to make bright or clear, make clear in the mind.

clarus: clear, bright /renowned, famous, illustrious.

claudeo: to limp, halt, be lame, to hobble.

claudico: to limp.

claudo (clausus): to confine, shut up, close, blockade, besiege.

claudus: lame.

claustrum: bolt, bar, prison, den, pen, enclosure/ cloister.

clementer: compassionately, mercifully.

clementia: indulgence, forbearance, humanity, mercy, gentleness, etc.

clibanus: oven, furnace/ tray for bread making.

clima: clime, region.

clypeus: brazen shield.

coacervo: to collect in a mass.

coacto: to force, compel, coerce.

coactu: by force, under compulsion.

coactum: force, compulsion, coercion.

coactus: constrained.

coadunati: collected.

coadunatio: a gathering together, a summing up, a uniting.

coaduno: to collect.

coaegresco: to become sick at the same time.

coangusto: to confine.

coarto: to confine.

coepi: began, started, undertook, initiated (pres. incipio ).

coepio: to begin, undertake.

coepto: to begin, undertake,.

coeptum: undertaking.

coerceo: surround, enclose, restrain, confine/ regulate.

cogitatio: thorough consideration.

cogitatus: thought.

cogito: to think, ruminate, ponder, consider, plan.

cognatio: kindred.

cognatus: (adj.) related by blood (noun) a relative, kinsman.

cognomen: surname, family name, nick-name.

cognosco: to examine, inquire, learn.

cogo: to to force, compel, compress.

cogo: coegi, coactum: to bring together, drive, draw.

cogo: to compel, restrict, confine.

cohaereo: to cling to, correspond to.

cohaero: cohero: cohesi: cohesum: to adhere, stick together.

cohaero: to cleave to.

cohibeo: confine, restrain, hold back, repress.

cohors: a yard, enclosure /troop, 1/10 of a legion.

cohortor: to encourage, incite, exhort.

coitus: company.

collator: contributor.

collaudo: to praise very much, approve highly.

colligo: legi, lectum, to collect, gather together, assemble.

colligo: to bind.

colloco: to place, put, arrange.

colloco: to station.

colloquium: speech, conference.

colluctatio: wrestling.

colluctor: wrestle.

collum: neck.

colo: colui: cultum: cultivate, cherish.

colonus: tiller of the soil, inhabitant.

color: color, luster.

coloratus: colored /dark-complexioned.

coloro: to color.

coma: hair of the head, leaves, rays of light.

coma: stalk.

combibo: to drink up, suck in.

comburo: to burn up, to ruin, consume.

comedo: comedi: comesum: to eat up, consume /waste, squander.

comes: comitis: companion, friend, comrade /count.

cometes: comet.

cometissa: comitissa: countess.

comis: courteous, kind, friendly, obliging.

comitatus: accompanied.

comitatus: train, retinue, following /war band.

comiter: courteously, in a kindly, friendly manner.

comito: to accompany.

comitto: to entrust, commit.

commemoro: to remind, relate, mention/ to keep in mind.

commendo: to commit.

commeo: To go up and down, back and forth, in and out.

commercium: wares, [+ gen.] fellowship with.

commessatio, onis: eating together.

commilito: comrade, companion in war.

comminor: to threaten.

comminuo: to scatter, weaken, damage.

comminus: hand to hand, in close combat.

commisceo: to intermingle, join, mix.

commiscere: to mingle.

commissio: perpetration, execution, performance, action.

commissum: offence.

commissum: undertaking, that which is entrusted.

committo: to place, intrust, join.

commodo: to make fit, adapt, please, oblige, serve.

commodo: (+ acc.) to furnish, lend, give.

commodum: suitable time, opportunity, convenience, use.

commodum: convenience, advantage, opportunity, comfort.

commodum: profit, favorable condition, requirements.

commodus: proper, fit, commodious.

commodus: useful.

commoneo: to remind someone forcibly of somthing.

commoneo: to remember, recollect.

commoneo: to impress upon one. to remind.

commorantes: inhabitants.

commoro: in loco insidiarum: to lie in ambush.

commoror: remain, stay, abide, linger.

commoror: to sojourn, remain, inhabit.

commotio: agitation.

commotus: disordered, moved.

commoveo: to move violently, disturb, shake /excite, upset.

communico: to share.

communis: common, general, run of the mill.

compaciscor: agreed upon.

compacta: covenanted.

compactor: constructor.

compages: structure.

compar: companion.

comparo: to compare.

compater: the godfather of a man’s child.

compatior: to suffer with one, feel pity, have compassion.

compello: to drive together, collect, force, compel.

compello: to to urge, address, speak to.

compendiose: briefly.

comperio: to disclose fully, find out with certainty, lay open.

comperio: to learn, find out, ascertain.

comperte: on good authority.

compes: fetters.

compesco: to restrain.

compescor: to suppress, repress, check, restrain.

compescor: to fasten together, hold in check, curb.

competentia: agreement.

competo: to be appropriate, suitable, fit.

compitum: cross-road.

complaceo: to be very pleasing to.

complacitus: favorable.

complector: compass.

complectus: embrace, grasp.

compleo: to fill up, man, bring up to strength, fulfil.

compleo: to finish, complete.

complex: confederate.

complexo: encompass, embrace.

complico: to fold together.

compono: to put together, compose.

compono: to adjust, [+ abl.] settle.

compositio: composition, agreement, pact/ arrangement.

compositus: orderly, matching, made up of pieces.

compotus: computus: calculation, reckoning.

comprehendo: to seize, arrest, take prisoner, catch red-handed.

comprehendo: to grasp, take together, unite /comprehend.

comprehendo: to embrace, take firmly, include, seize.

comprehendo: to to gather together, apprehend.

comprimo: to hold back, hinder, keep to oneself.

comprobo: to approve fully/ to confirm, prove, establish.

compromitto: to agree to refer to arbitration, or an arbitrator.

comprovincialis: born in the same province.

compte: elegantly, with ornament.

comptus: a head-dress, a hairband.

conamen: effort.

conatus: exertion, effort / undertaking / impulse, inclination.

concateno: to link together, bind together.

concavo: to hollow out.

concedo: to concede, yield, allow, grant, withdraw, give up.

concepta: measures, capacity.

concero: connect join, twine, join in conflict.

concido: to fall down, sink, perish / (wind) subside.

concido: to be ruined, fail /cut up, cut down, destroy.

concieo: to bring together, assemble.

conciliator: mediator.

concilio: to assemble, bring togethe.

concilio: win over, reconcile, unite /cause.

concilio: to make friendly, procure the favor, bring together.

concilium: council.

concilium: conciliation.

concino: to sing together, celebrate.

concio: to stir up.

concipio: to take or lay hold of, receive, take in/ conceive.

concisus: cut up, broken, brief, concise.

concite: quickly.

concito: to move violently, stir up, excite, arouse.

conclamo: to bewail as lost.

concordia: concord, harmony, agreement.

concordis: harmonious, united.

concordo: to harmonize, unite.

concremo: to consume, burn up.

concresco: to take form, grow strong.

concretio: growing-together.

concubitus: copulation.

conculco: to tread under foot, despise, oppress, suppress.

conculco: to abuse, tread down, tread under foot.

concupiscentia: avarice, covetousness.

concupisco: to covet, aim at, desire eagerly.

concupisco: to covet.

concurro: to concur.

concursus: charge, assembly.

concussio: oppression, extortion.

concutio: to shake together, agitate, alarm, disturb, shatter.

concutio: to strike together, shake, terrorize.

condeco: to meet.

condico: to agree, fix, settle, make arrangements.

condita: laid up store, foundation, establishment, making.

conditor: creator.

condo: erect, establish, build.

condo: to store, place.

condoleo: to suffer greatly.

conduco: hire, employ for wages, among many other meanings.

conduco: to conduct, lead forth.

confero: to bring together, put together, collect/.

confero: discuss, debate, confer/ betake oneself, devote.

confestim: speedily, rapidly, immediately, without delay.

confestim: without delay.

confidenter: boldly, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

confido: have confidence in, be confident of, rely upon.

confido: to trust confidently, believe.

configo: to transfix.

confingo: to fabricate, make up.

confinio: neighborhood, limit.

confirmo: to confirm.

confiteor confessus: to confess, own up, admit, acknowledge.

conflictus: contest, impulse.

confortari: to be strong.

conforto: to strengthen much.

conforto: to strengthen much, soothe.

confraga: cracks.

confugio: to take refuge in, have recourse to.

confugo: to flee, have recourse to, take refuge.

confundo: to pour together, mix, blend /confound, confuse, trouble.

confundo: to bring into disorder, confounding, destroy.

confusim: in a confused way, fumbling.

confusio: mingling, mixture /confounding, confusion, disorder.

confusio: a combining, blemish, disorder.

confusus: confused, disorderly /embarassed, troubled, confounded.

confuto: to check, repress, stop, halt, turn back /silence.

confuto: supress, keep silent /convict.

confuto: to confute /restrain, check, repress.

congelo: to congeal, harden, freeze.

congeries: pile, mass.

congero: to collect, compile.

conglobo: to amass.

congratulor: to rejoice.

congredior: to accost.

congredior navigio: to sail.

congregatio: assembly, society, union.

congrego: to gather together, assemble, convene.

congrego: to assemble.

congressio: hostile attack, coming together.

congressus: a meeting, association.

congressus: encounter, assembly, meeting, congress.

congrue: adv, suitably.

congruens: appropriate, proportioned.

congruenter: harmoniously .

congruo: coincide, agree, conform.

congruus: appropriate, suitable.

congruus: agreeing, fit, suitable.

conicio: to hurl, throw /put together, conjecture.

coniecto: to throw together, infer, guess, conclude.

conitor: to press upon, to struggle to reach.

coniuratio: conspiracy, plot.

coniuratus: conspirator, plotter.

coniuro: to take an oath together, plot, conspire.

conjugium: wedlock.

conjugo: to unite.

conjungo: to unite.

conjuratio: confederacy.

conjuratus: sworn.

conjuro: to unite by an oath, conspire.

conjux: consort.

connecto: to join, bind.

connexio: bond.

connubialis: sexual.

connubium: sexual union.

conor: to undertake, try, venture, presume, attempt, presume.

conor: to try, endeavor.

conqueror: to complain loudly.

consanguinei: relations.

conscendo: to ascend, mount, go up.

conscendo navem: to embark.

conscientia: conscience, consciouness, knowledge.

conscindo: to tear in pieces.

conscius: conscious of, aware of.

conscius: privy to.

conseco: to dismember, cut into pieces, chop up.

consecro: to dedicate, consecrate, sanctify/ to curse/ deify.

consecro: to dedicate.

consectatio: striving, pursuit.

consenesco: to grow old, weak, feeble, infirm.

consensio: agreement, harmony, cooperation /plot, conspiracy.

consentaneus: suited to.

consentio: to agree, consent /plot, conspire.

consepio: to hedge in.

consequens: according to reason.

consequentia: f, consequential, relating.

conservo: to preserve, conserve, maintain, keep, hold to.

considero: to look at, regard carefully,.

considero: to contemplate, inspect.

consido: to set down, settle.

consiliarii: counsellors.

consilio: intentionally, on purpose, designedly.

consilium: advice, suggestion, wisdom, plan, purpose, judgment.

consilium: deliberation, consultation, assembly, council.

consilium: deliberation, resolution, measure as in plan, advice.

consimilis: adj, similar.

consisto: (+ in) to depend on, rely on.

consisto: to take one’s stand, stand still, stop, be posted.

consisto: (+ abl. etc.) to be formed of, consist/ stop, stay.

consitor: sower, planter.

consobrinus: maternal first cousin.

consolatio: encouragement, amelioration, consolation.

consolido: to make firm.

consolo: to comfort.

consonum: adj, n, harmonious.

consors: companion, comradeship.

consortio: partnership, company .

conspergo: to sprinkle, bestrew.

conspicio: to catch sight of, perceive, behold, understand.

conspicio: to observe.

conspicuus: striking .

conspiratio: union.

constans: steady, firm, unchanging, constant, unwavering.

constans: constant.

constanter: steadily, firmly, dependably, steadily.

constantia: constancy, firmness, solidity.

constat: it is certain.

constipatus: surrounded.

constituo: to fix, station, place, cause to stand, set.

constituo: to set up, place, establish, post, station.

constituo: to arrange, decide, appoint, settle, found, set up.

constituo: to establish, appoint.

consto: to be established, stand firm, stop, endure.

constrictio: to bind together, draw together.

constringo: to fetter.

constringo constrixi constrictum: to bind, confine, restrain.

construo: construxi: constructum: to construct, build, arrange.

construo: to bring together.

constupator: ravisher, debaucher.

constupro: to ravish, corrupt.

consuasor: advisor, counselor.

consuefacio: to accustom, acclimate, become used to.

consuesco: to accustom, inure, habituate.

consueta: customary, usual.

consuetudo: custom, usage, habit /intimacy, familiar acquaintance.

consul: magistrate.

consulatio: deliberation, inquiry, full consideration.

consulo: to look to the interests of, come to a conclusion.

consulo: to reflect, consider, ponder, reflect.

consulo: (+ dat.) look to the interests of/consult, ask advice.

consulo: to take counsel.

consulo: + dat: take care of, for, advise.

consulto: to ask the advice of, consult.

consulto: to consider carefully, weigh, ponder.

consulto: to consult + acc.

consultum: decree.

consultum: advice.

consummatio: completion, summing up, adding up.

consummo: to add together, sum up, make perfect, complete.

consumo: to spend, employ, use up, finish, waste away, destroy.

consumo: to devour.

consuo consui consutum: to sew together, stitch.

consurgo: to stand up, rise up /to arise, break out.

contabesco: to waste slowly away, decline in health.

contactus: touching, contact /contagion.

contages: a touch, contact.

contagio: infection.

contagio contagium: contagion, infection /touching, contact.

contamino: to pollute, infect.

contamino: to defile.

contego: to cover, shield, protect, defend.

contego: to conceal.

contemno: to think meanly of, despise, condemn, hate.

contemno: to defy.

contemplatio: survey, contemplation.

contemplor: to mark out, regard, consider carefully, survey.

contemplor: to observe.

contemptim: contemptuously.

contemptio: scorn, disdain, contempt.

contemptus: despised, despicable, contemptible.

contendo: to compare, contrast /compete.

contendo: to assert, maintain /shoot (a missile), cast.

contendo: to contend, strive, struggle, hasten.

contente: eagerly, earnestly.

contentio: controversy, straining.

contentus: strained, stretched /eager, zealous.

contentus: contented, satisfied.

contero: to crush .

conticeo: to be silent.

conticinium: first part of the night, evening.

contigo: (with dat.), to happen, befall.

contineo: to touch, reach, grasp, affect, infect.

contineo: to keep in, surround, contain, confine, include.

contineo: to hold, to keep togethere, to contian.

contineo: hold together, keep together, connect, join.

contineo: to hold back, restrain.

contineo contigi, contectum: border on /befall (good luck).

contingo: to touch /(intransitive) to happen, befall, occur.

contingo: (contactum) to touch closely, happen to, befall.

contingo: to concern, meet with, attain.

continuo: forthwith, without delay.

continuo: to join (together), to be after.

continuo: (adv.) immediately, at once.

continuus: uninterrupted, next.

continuus: connected together, continuous, uninterrupted.

contorqueo: to twist.

contra: (+ acc.) against.

contradico: to speak against, oppose verbally, gainsay.

contradictio: contradiction, opposition.

contradictio: objection.

contradictio: a speaking against, contradiction.

contrado: to deliver together, or wholly.

contraho: to gather together, assemble, draw up, unite.

contraho: to conclude (an agreement)/ to reduce, contract, constrict.

contrarius: contrary, opposed.

contrecto: to touch, handle, feel.

contremisco: to tremble, shake, quake /be afraid of.

contremo: to tremble, shake.

contricio: crushing, contrition.

contristo: to make sad or gloomy.

contristo: to sadden, afflict, damage (of crops).

contubernium: band of armed retainers.

contumacia: arrogance.

contumax: insolent.

contumelia: blow.

contumeliose: insolently.

contundo: to pound.

conturbo: to confuse, scatter, throw into confusion, distress.

conturbo: to derange.

convalesco: to grow strong, gain strength.

convello: to shatter.

conveniens: agreeing, accordant.

convenienter: consistently.

convenio: to join together, come together.

conventio: covenant, assembly.

conventus: coming tohether, assembly, union, congress.

conventus: assembly.

conversatio: way, manner of life /monastic life.

conversatio: frequent abode in a place.

converso: to abide.

converto: to turn around, cause to turn /to adopt the monastic life.

converto: to transform.

converto: to convert.

convinco: to overcome, conquer.

convinco: to overcome, to demonstrate.

convoco: to call together, convene.

convulsus: shattered.

cooperio: covered wholly.

copia: abundant supply.

copia: abundamce, supply.

copia cornu: fruitful and abundant supply.

copiae copie: supplies, troops, forces.

copiose: fully, at length, copiously.

copiosus: wealthy, rich, abundantly provided, well-equipped.

copiosus: well supplied, plentiful,.

copula: bond.

copulo or copulor: to couple.

Corbeiam: Corbie.

corium: skin.

cornu: horn.

corollarium: flower-garland.

corona: crown, diadem.

corporeus: fleshly.

corpus: corporis: body, corpse.

correptio: reproof.

correptius: more shortly.

corrigia: rein.

corrigo: to correct.

corrigo: (correctum) to make correct, make right.

corripio: to seize, snatch up, steal, (of a disease) attack.

corroboro: to strengthen.

corrumpo: (documents) to falsify / (character) to corrupt.

corrumpo: to break up, destroy, annihilate /spoil, weaken.

corruo: to fall to the ground, sink down /be ruined, destroyed.

corruo: to tumble.

corruptio: downtumble, seduction, bribery.

Corturiacum: Courtrai.

corusco: to glitter, glittering.

coruscus: (a) flashing, twinkling, shaking, trembling.

cos: whetstone.

cotidie: daily, every day.

Courtacum: Courtrai.

coutor: to associate with, have dealings with.

crapula: wine-drinking, intoxication, drunkenness.

crapula: wine: intoxication, drunkenness.

cras: (adv.) tomorrow, on the morrow.

crastinus: of the morrow, the morrow.

creator: creator, founder.

creatura: creature, servant.

creber: thick, frequent, numerous.

crebra: frequent, repeated.

crebresco: to to become frequent.

crebro: repeatedly, often, one after the other, time after time.

credo: to believe /trust, commit / trust in, rely on/ think.

credo: to believe.

credulitas: easiness of belief, just belief.

credulus: full of confidence.

cremo: to consume by fire.

creo: to create, make.

creperum: darkness.

crepido: (-inis) foundation, base / pedestal / pier, quay / dam.

crepitaculum: a rattle.

crepito: (-are) to rattle, creak, rustle.

creptio: taking by force, seizure.

crepundia: a toy, rattle, plaything.

crepusculum: dusk, twilight.

cresco: (cretum) to grow, increase, expand / spring forth, arise.

creta: chalk, fuller’s earth.

cretatus: chalked, in white.

cretosus: abounding in chalk.

cretus: descended from.

cribro: to sift.

cribrum: sieve.

crimen: an accusation, charge / fault, guilt, crim.

crimen: cause of a crime.

crimen: guilt.

criminatio: accusation, charge, calumny.

criminator: accuser.

criminor: to accuse / complain of.

criminose: reproachfully.

criminosus: slanderous, reproachful.

crines: hair, locks.

crinis: hair/ tail of comet, rays of sun.

crinis: hair.

crinitus: long haired.

crispans: wavy, curly.

crispo: (-are) to curl / move rapidly / brandish, wave.

crispus: curly-haired, curly / trembling, quivering, shaking.

crista: crest, plume / rooster’s comb.

cristatus: crested, plumed.

croceus: yellow, golden, saffron-colored, of saffron.

crocinus: yellow, saffron-colored / saffron oil.

crocodilus: crocodile.

crocotula: saffron-colored robe.

crocus: crocus, saffron / yellow, saffron-colored.

crotalia: ear-rings.

cruciamentum: torture, torment.

cruciatus: torture, torment.

crucio: to be afflicted.

crucio: to torture, torment.

crudelis: cruel.

crudelitas: cruelty, inhumanity.

crudeliter: cruelly.

crudeliter: in a cruel manner.

crudesco: to become violent, become hard.

cruditas: an overly full stomach.

crudus: bleeding / raw, uncooked / unripe / unprepared food.

crudus: green, fresh, immature, untimely / undigested / harsh.

cruento: to make bloody, stain with blood.

cruentus: bloody, bloodthirsty, blood-red.

crumens: bag, purse / funds, store of cash.

cruor: blood, gore.

cruor: cruoris: bloodshed, murder, slaughter, gore.

crur, cruris: leg, shank, shin, also foot.

crus: shin.

crusta: crust.

crusta: rind, peel, bark, shell / inlay, embossing.

crustulum: pastery, cookie.

crustum: bread, cake.

crux crucis: cross.

crypta: vault, grotto, covered gallery.

crystallinus: of crystal.

crystalus: crystallus: a crystal, crystal drinking cup.

cubans: sloping.

cubicularis: pertaining to a bedroom.

cubicularius: bed-chamber servant, chamberlain.

cubiculum: bedroom, sleeping chamber.

cubile: bed, (marriage bed) / lair, den, nest / hive of bees / seat.

cubitalis: a cubit long.

cubito: to lie down often.

cubitum: the elbow /a cubit.

cubitum ire: to go to bed, retire.

cubitus: cubitus: a lying down, rest.

cubo: to lie down, recline / be ill in bed.

cuculla: cowl.

cui: (masc. sing. dat.) TO WHOM did you give it?.

cui: (fem. sing. dat.) IN WHICH (province) did you live?.

cui: (neut. sing. dat.) (the monster), TO WHOM the cattle belonged.

cuius: (masc. sing. gen.) (the saint) WHOSE virtues were many.

cuius: (fem. sing. gen.) (the queen), the vices OF WHOM were many.

cuius: (neut. sing. gen) (the building) the size OF WHICH was great.

cuiusmodi: of what kind.

culmen: summit, pillar.

culpa: fault.

culpa: fault, blame, (esp. aginst chastity).

culpo: to blam, censure, accuse.

cultellus: a little knife.

culter: cultri: plough-coulter.

cultor: cultivator, planter /with gen.= resident, inhabitant.

cultor: cultivator, worshipper.

cultura: cultivation.

cultus: worship, reverence/ splendor.

cum: (with indicative) when.

cum: (prep + abl.) with.

cum: (with subjunctive) when, as, while, since, although.

cumulatius: in rich abundance.

cumulo: to heap.

cumulus: surplus.

cunabula: cradle.

cunae: nest for young birds.

cunctatio: delay.

cunctator: delayer, procrastinator,.

cunctor: to delay, impede, hold up.

cunctus: all, all collectively, the whole.

cuneus: troops drawn up for battle in the shape of a wedge.

cupiditas: ambition, avarice, party spirit, eager desire.

cupiditas: greed.

cupido: passion, desire, wantining, yearning, longing.

cupidus: eager for.

cupio: to desire, wish, long for, desire.

cupio: to desire, long for/to.

cuppedia: delicacies, candies, sweetmeats.

cupressus: cypress, cyrpess wood, a cypress-wood casket.

cur: why, wherefore.

cura: management, administration, care, concern, charge.

cura: concern.

curatio: attention /medical attention, healing, curing.

curator: guardian, overseer.

curia: court.

curiositas: curiosity, inquisitiveness, nosiness.

curiosus: careful, attentive/ curious, inquisitive/ worn out by cares.

curis quris: a spear.

curo: to care for, trouble about, pay attention to.

curo: manage, administer /provide money.

curo: (+gerundive) to see to a thing being done / cure, rest.

curo: to [+ negative] care nothing for.

curriculum: a running, race, lap around the track, course.

currus: cart /a plow with wheels.

cursim: hastily, quickly, rapidly.

cursito: to run up and down.

curso: to run back and forth.

cursor: runner, carrier, messenger.

cursus: course.

cursus: a race, a running, race course, race track, course.

curto: to shorten, abbreviate.

Curtracus: Courtrai.

curtus: shortened /mutilated, defective /gelded.

curvo: to bend, arch, curve /influence.

curvo: to bow.

curvus: arched, bent, bowed, curved, crooked, wrong (morally crooked).

cuspis: point, the pointed end /spear, javelin /cooking spit.

cuspis: spear.

custodia: protection, custody.

custodia: guardianship.

custodiae custodie: guards, wardens.

custodio: watch over, observe.

custodio: to guard.

custos: (custodis) guardian, keeper, watchman, attendant,, guard /spy.

custos: guard.

cyclicus: circuitous.

Daci: Dacians.

dacigena: Dacian-born.

damnatio: condemnation.

damno: to condemn, damn.

damno: to condemn.

damnum: loss, damage.

damnum: loss, damage, injury /a fine:

dapes: fortune, wealth.

dapifer: senescal.

daps: banquet.

de: (prep. + abl.) down from, from, concerning, about.

dealbo: to purify, whitewash.

debello: cnquer, vanquish /end a war.

debello: to vanquish, finish a war, fight out.

debeo: to owe, to be morally bound to, to be bound by.

debilito: to weaken, ennervate, sap, exhaust.

debitum: debt.

debrio: to intoxicate.

decens: becoming, graceful.

decens, decenter: properly, fittingly, suitably.

decenter: becomingly, properly.

decentia: propriety, decency of behavior.

decerno: to decide, determine, settle / to decide to do something.

decerno: to judge, resolve on.

decerpo: to pluck off / to gather, take away.

decertatio: a contest, contention.

decerto: to contend, fight to the finish.

decessio: a retreat, withdrawal / departure, leavin.

decessio: decrease, diminution.

decessor: someone who retires / a predecessor.

decessus: retirement / withdrawal / departure / death.

decet: it is seemly, comely, suitable, proper.

decet: fitting.

decido: (-cisi -cisum) to cut down, cut off / arrange, settle.

decido: to fall down / fall dead, die / sink, fall.

decimus: tenth.

decipio: to ensnare, deceive.

decipio: (deceptus) ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive, cheat.

declamatio: loud or violent speech / declamatio.

declamatio: practice in oratory.

declamo: to declaim, orate / speak loudly.

declaratio: a clarification.

declaro: to prove.

declaro: to explain, explain, reveal.

declaro: to proclaim (a person as chosen).

declinatio: a turning aside / declining.

declinatio: avoiding / inflection, declension.

declino: to turn aside, deflect, turn away.

declino: avoid / deviate, swerve/ digress.

declino: to turn away.

declive: (-is) a slope, decline.

decoctor: a spendthrift, bankrupt, a fool parted from his money.

decollo: (-are) to behead.

decolo: (-are) to trickle away.

decolor: (adj.) pale, without color.

decoloratio: discoloration.

decoquo: (-ere, -coxi, -coctum) to waste / become bankrupt.

decoquo: to boil down, boil away /(metals) melt away.

decor: beauty, grace.

decoro: to grace.

decoro: beautify, embellish, adorn.

decorus: beautiful, graceful, charming, proper, fit, becoming.

decorus: decorated, elegant.

decrepitus: infirm, decrepit.

decresco: to decrease, grow smaller.

decresco: to wane.

decretum: decree, judgment, edict, order.

decretum: ordinance, principle.

decumbo: to fall, fall into, lie down.

decurro: to sail downstream.

decurro: to sing.

decurro: to run down / manoeuver / run in a race / take refuge.

decursio: (milit.) a charge, manoeuver.

decursus: a running down /charge, manoeuver, attack.

decursus: downward course.

decurto: to mutilate.

decus: honor, dignity, ornament.

dedecor: unseemly, shameful, disgraceful, dishonorable.

dedecus: shame, dishonor, disgrace, crime, dishonorable act.

dedecus: disgrace, blemish + gen.

dedico: to dedicate.

dedignor: to scorn.

dedo: to surrender, consign.

deduco: to lad out colonists, found a colony.

deduco: to escort, bring away.

defaeco: to cleanse, purify, purge.

defendo: to support.

defendo: to defend, ward off, protect, shelter.

defensabiliter: defensibly.

defenso: to defend diligently.

defensor: supporter, defender.

defero: to carry, to bear, to bring.

defero: to hand over, carry down, communicate, offer, refer.

defessus: weary, tired.

defetiscor (defessus): to grow tired, weary.,.

deficio: weaken, to be in want.

deficio: (defectum) to fail, to weaken, to be in want.

deficio: to to be wanting, to run out, fail, withdraw.

defigo: fasten down, secure, fix firmly/ concentrate, fix upon.

defigo: to fasten.

definxu obtutu: to one’s gaze fixed and frozen.

defleo: to bewail, weep for.

defleo: to bewail.

defluo: to flow down, waste, disappear.

defluo: to flow away, disappear, be lost.

defuncta: deceased.

defungo: to discharge one’s duties, quit, retire, die, finish.

defungor: to pass away.

degenero: to cause to degenerate, disgrace by degeneracy.

degenero: to be unlike one’s kind, fall off, degenerate.

degero: to pass time, live.

degusto: to taste.

deinde: next, then, thereafter, from that place.

deinde: adv, afterwards.

delectabilis: delightful.

delectatio: delight, pleasure, enjoyment.

delectatio: delight.

delecto: to attract, delight/ (pass + abl) take delight in.

delecto: to delight in/ to love.

delego: to transfer, commit, assign, impute, attribute, ascribe.

deleo: blot out, erase /annihilate, destroy.

deleo: (deletum ) to destroy, wipe out, erase.

deleo: to obliterate, efface.

delibero: to consider, deliberate.

delibero: to determine, to be determined, resolve.

delibuo: to anoint.

delicate: luxuriously, delicately, slowly.

deliciae: allurements, charms, delights, fancies / sweetheart.

delictum: transgression.

delinquentes: transgressors.

delinquo: to fail, be wanting/ fail in duty, commit a crime.

delitesco: to hide away.

delubrum: shrine.

deludo: to mock, cheat.

deluo: to cleanse.

demens: (dementis ) insane, mad, out of one’s mind, foolish.

demergo: to sink, plunge into, dip under, go into debt.

demergo: to plunge.

demitto: set dowwn, let fall (to offer payment to the church).

demitto: to let down, lower.

demo: to take away, subtract.

demo: to remove.

demonstro: to indicate, show, describe, explain.

demonstro: to prove.

demoror: to loiter, linger, tarry, belay.

demulceo: to stroke down, caress by stroking.

demulceo: to soften.

demum: at length at las, finally.

denego: to refuse, deny, reject.

denique: at last, finally, again, in short.

denominata: designated, designate specifically.

dens: (dentis ) tooth.

densitas: thickness.

denso: to grow thick.

denuncio: declare, give notice, announce.

denuntio: to announce officially, pronounce, declare.

denuntio: announce.

denuo: anew, again, a second time, afresh.

deorsum: downwards.

depascor: to feed upon.

depereo: to perish, be utterly ruined.

depono: to put down, lay aside.

depono: to set down, bring down.

depopulatio: pillaging, looting, sacking, plundering, robbing.

depopulo: depopulor: to lay waste, ravage, devastate.

depopulo: to pillage.

depopulor: to pillage.

deporto: to carry off, to take away.

deporto: to carry [off], fetch.

deposco: to earnestly request.

deposco depoposci: to demand.

depraedor depredor: to plunder, lay waste, pillage, ravage.

deprecatio: prayer.

deprecativus: deprecative.

deprecator: intercessor, one who pleads on behalf.

deprecor: to beg by entreaty, to excuse oneself / curse.

deprecor: to entreat for, beg for /intercede /curse.

deprecor: to deprecate, intercede?.

deprehendo: to understand, overtake.

deprehensio: detection.

deprimo (depressus): to press down, depress, low-lying.

depromo: to take down, produce, fetch out.

depulso: push aside, thrust away.

deputari: to be classed among, be condemned to.

deputo: to count, estimate/prune, cut off.

derelinquo: to forsake, desert, abandon.

derideo: to laugh at, mock, deride.

derigesco: to become stiff.

derigo: [-rexi, -rectum] to set straight, put in order.

deripio: to tear down, snatch away.

deruptus: broken off.

desaevio: to rave furiously.

describo: to describe, register, assign.

desero: to leave, abandon, foresake.

desero: to abandon, foresake.

desideratus: welcome.

desiderium: wish, longing /regret, grief /want, need.

desidero: to long for, wish for greatly, to miss.

desidiosus: lazy, unmotivated.

designo: to define, describe, designate.

designo: designate, define, describe, mark out.

designo: to represent.

desino: leave off, give over, cease, stop, end, desist.

desino: to to stop, leave off.

desino (desiit): to leave off, give over, cease, stop, desist.

desipio: to act foolishly, play the fool, make an ass of one’s self.

desisto: to desist from.

desolo: to leave desolate, abandoned, to forsake.

desolo: to desert, foresake, leave.

desparatus: given up on / desparate.

despectivus: despicable.

despecto: overlook, dispise, look down upon.

desperata: irremediable.

despero: to have no hope, despair, give up.

despero: to be without hope, despair / despair of, give up.

despero: to despair.

despiciens: contemptuous.

despicio: to look down, regard from above, despise.

despicio: to disdain.

desposco: to demand.

destinatus: resolute, firm, determined, with one’s mind made up.

destino: to fasten down, make fast, fix /determine settle /appoint.

destituo: to place /leave in the lurch, abandon,.

destituo: to abandon, defraud.

destitutus: destitue of.

destruo: to tear down .

desudo: to exert oneself.

desuesco: to to be unaccustomed.

desum: defui: deesse: to fail, err, fall short, be missing, absent.

desumo: to select, elect, choose, take out.

desuper: from above.

detego: detectum: to uncover, lay bare, disclose.

detego: to expose.

determino: to fix the limits of, set boundaries to, delimit.

determino: to settle, prescribe.

detestabilis: execrable.

detestor: to denounce.

detineo: hold off, hold back, detain.

detineo: to keep back, detain, hang onto.

detraho: to drag off.

detrimentum: damage, loss, detriment.

detrimentum: defeat, damage.

detrudo: to thrust down.

deus: god.

devasto: to lay waste, ravage.

devenio: to come to, arrive at, reach.

devia: out-of-the-way roads.

devia: lonely, unfrequented places.

devinco: to subdue.

devio: to turn from the straight road.

devito: to avoid.

devius: inconstan.

devoco: to call away, call down, call aside.

devoro: to devour.

devotio: (Christian) piety, devotion, zeal.

devotio: piety.

devoveo: to consecrate, sacrifice, devote /curse, execrate.

dexter: right, on the right.

dextera: the right hand.

diabolus: devil, Satan.

diadema: diadem, abbot’s mitre .

diapason: whole octave.

diapente: fifth.

diaria: daily allowance of pay, food.

diatesseron: fourth.

dico: (dictum ) to say, tell, speak, name, call, pronounce.

dico: to say.

dico mandatum legationis: to relay a message.

dictata: things dictated, lessons, presents.

dictator: dictator.

dictito: to say often, reiterate.

dicto: to say often, dictate, get written down.

dictum: word, dictate.

dictus dictus: a saying, a speech.

didicerat: (?) Herimann, p. 281.

didico: to be told (Herimann cap. 39, 44).

dido dididi didtum: to separate, divide, distribute.

dies diei: day.

diffama: tus: spread around, made known.

diffamo: to proclaim.

differo: to delay, postpone / to differ, be different.

differo: to spread about, spread news / harrass, disturb.

differo: to spread news / delay, defer, postpone.

differo: to hesitate.

differtus: stuffed full, crammed, jammed.

difficilis: difficult, hard, troublesome.

difficultas: difficulty, need, trouble, distress.

diffidens: without self-confidence, distrusting.

diffidentia: disobedience.

diffido: to be distrustful, distrust, despair.

diffinio: to terminate.

diffundo: to spread, pour forth, scatter.

diffusus: outspread.

digero: to relate in order, dispose.

digestor: arranger, composer, one who makes a pattern.

digladio: to run through with swords.

dignanater: courteously.

dignitas: merit, worth, prestige, dignity.

dignitas: rank, dignity.

dignor: to deign.

dignosco dignosco: to distinguish, recognize as different.

dignus: (+ abl.) worthy, worthy of, meritorious.

dignus: worthy.

digredior digredi digressus: to depart, deviate, digress.

digressio: separation, departure, digression.

digressus: separation, departure, digression.

dilabor: to perish.

dilanio: to tear to pieces.

dilato: to spread out, extend, expand, increase.

dilectio: love, solicitude, esteem.

dilgenter: attentively, earnestly, carefully, diligently.

diligens: diligent, careful.

diligenter: diligently.

diligentia: diligence, industry, perseverance, persistence.

diligo: to choose out, esteem highly, prize, love.

diligo: to value highly.

dilitatio: dilatatio: enlarging.

diluculo: dawn, daybreak.

diluo: (of troubles) to remove, resolve.

dimico: to contend, struggle.

dimidium: half.

dimitto: to break up, dismiss, leave, abandon, leave behind.

dimitto: to leave, forgive, send away, abandon.

directus: plain, simple, direct, open, straightforward.

diremptio: separation.

dirigo: to arrange, «send out» a letter or ambassador.

diripio: to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, plunder.

diripio: to separate, tear apart /pillage, devastate, lay waste.

diripio: to plunder, tear to pieces.

diripio: to snatch away.

diriter: abominably.

dirumpo: to break to pieces.

dirunitas: long duration.

diruo: to destroy.

diruo: to demolish, destroy, ruin.

dirus: abominable.

dis: rich, possessing wealth or worth.

discedo: to depart from, deviate, leave.

discedo: (discessum ) to break up, depart, go away, pass away.

discedo: to go away.

discerpo: to dismember, disjoint, sever /divide, break up.

discerpo: to mangle.

discessio: f, management, ordering, direction.

discidium: separation, division, disagreement, tearing apart.

disciplina: teaching.

discipulus: disciple, student, learner, pupil.

disco: to learn, become acquainted with.

discordia: disagreement.

discrepo: to differ, to be diifferent, vary, disagree.

discretio: distinction.

discrimen: difference, hazard.

discrimino: to separate .

discurro: to run to and fro.

discutio: to dissipate.

disicio: to lay in ruins.

dispensatio: distribution, stewardship.

disperdo: to destroy.

dispergo: to scatter.

dispertio: to divide.

dispono: to arrange, put in order, draw up (troops).

dispono: to describe, dispose.

disputatio: debate, dispute, discussion.

disputo: discuss.

disrumpo: to smash.

dissemino: to spread abroad.

dissero: to examine, treat of, discuss.

dissero: to discuss, speak, declare, utter.

dissimilis: unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar, distinct.

dissimulo: to ignore, leave unnoticed.

dissimulo: to conceal, disguise, keep secret.

dissimulo: to disguise.

dissipo: to demolish.

dissolutus: lax, weak, wanting in energy, dissolute, profligate.

distinctus: separate, apart, different.

distinctus: a distinguishing, distinction, difference.

distinguo: separate, divide, part/ distinguish, discriminate.

distinguo: decorate, adorn, embellish/ punctuate.

distinguo: to divide.

distraho: distraxi: distractum: to pull apart, pull in pieces.

distraho: (persons) estrange, distract /(property) sell up, alienate.

distraho: (associations) to break up, dissolve.

distribuo: to distribute, divide.

distribuo: to apportion.

districtus (f. distringo): strict, severe /hesitating /busy.

distulo ; (past) to delay [MGHss 25: 268].

ditata: endowed, endow.

ditio: authority.

dito: to enrich, endow, make wealthy.

dito: to enrich, make wealthy.

ditus: rich.

diu: by day, for a long time, a long time ago.

diu: adv. a long while, long time, for a long time.

diurnitas: long duration.

diutinus: lasting a long time, enduring, long-lived.

diutius: longer, too long (a period of time).

diuturnus: lasting a long time, of long duration.

divello: to tear apart, away, untie.

diverbero: to cudgel soundly.

diversus: different, unlike, opposed, hostile.

diverticulum: by-way.

diverto: to turn aside.

dives: rich, opulent, wealthy.

divido: to divide, scatter.

divinatio: prediction, divination.

divinitus: divine influence, admirably, nobly, by inspiration.

divinitus: by divine communication, by divine influence .

divinus: divine, sacred.

divitiae divitie: riches, wealth.

divortium: division.

divulgamen: fame.

divulgatio: publishing, spreading abroad.

divum: sky.

do: to give, offer, convey, offer, donate, furnish.

do pacem: to grant peace.

doceo docui doctum: to instruct, teach, tutor.

doctiloquus: speaking learnedly.

doctor: teacher.

doctrina: doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning.

doctus: taught, instructed, learned, tutored.

dolens: painfully.

doleo: to suffer pain, to be pained, grieve.

dolor: pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering.

dolosa: deceitful.

dolose: slyly, deceitfuly.

dolositas: deceit.

dolosus: crafty, cunning, sly, deceitful.

dolus: fraud, deceit, guile, treachery, a trap.

dolus: [instrument of] deceit, trap, ambush.

domesticus: domestic, civil.

domigena: resident of a household, pl: household retinue.

domina domna: lady, mistress.

dominatio: dominium: lordship. dominion, domination.

dominatus: rule, mastery, tyranny, domination.

dominatus: mastery.

dominica: demesne.

dominor: to be mastered.

dominor: [+ gen] to be lord and master of, dominate.

dominus: lord, master.

dominus domno: master, lord.

domito: to tame, subdue, break in.

domus: house, home, residence.

domus: household, house, abode.

donarium: votive offering.

donativum: donation, offering.

donatus: given.

donec: up to the time when, until, as long as, while.

dono: to give.

donum: gift, present, donation.

donum: gift, votive offering.

dormio: to sleep, slumber, siesta, nap.

dormito: to be dreaming.

doxa: glory.

dubito: to doubt, hesitate.

dubium: doubt, hesitation, reservation.

ducamen: duchy, ducal dignity.

duco: to lead on the march, marry a wife, command.

duco: to calculate, count, reckon, esteem, considered.

duco: to draw, shape, construct/ (time) spend, delay.

duco: to charm, influence, mislead, draw in.

duco: to lead, draw, esteem, consider.

ductor: general, leader, commander, guide.

dudum: for a long while, a long while ago, some time ago.

dulcedo: sweetness, pleasantness, charm.

dulcidine: sweetly, pleasantly, charmingly.

dulcis: sweet, pleasant, agreeable.

dulcis: delightful.

dum: while, as long as, until.

dummodo: (conj. + subj.) provided.

dumtaxat: at least, not less than / at most, not more than.

duo: two.

duplicitas: multiplication by two, ambiguity, duplicity.

duro: to harden, last, endure.

durus: hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring, / rough, rude, uncouth.

dux: duke.

dux ducis: leader, guide, commander, general, duke.

eatenus: so far, thus far, up to then.

ebullio: to boil up, bubble up, to appear, produce in abundance.

ecce: Lo! Behold! See!.

ecclesia: church.

econtra: the same as contra: against, opposite, etc.

ecquando: at any time? ever?.

edico: to announce, declare.

edictum: ordinance.

editio: the publishing of a book, an announcement.

editio: statement.

edo: put forth, give out.

edo edi essum: to eat, consume, devour, waste.

edoceo: to inform fully, instruct thoroughly.

edoceo: to instruct thoroughly.

edoctus: well versed, informed.

educator: tutor.

educo: to draw out, lead out, march out/bring up, rear/ issue.

educo: to foster, draw out.

edulis: edible.

eduro: to last endure, persist.

edurus: hard.

effector: effectrix: producer, someone who causes something.

effectus: doing, execution, performance, effect, result.

effectus: rendered.

effeminatus: womanish.

effercio: to cram, stuff, fill.

effero: extuli: elatum: to carry out, bury, lift up, exalt.

effero: to bring forth.

effertus: stuffed, jammed, crammed.

efferus: savage, wild, untamed, undomesticated.

efferus: fierce.

effervo: to boil up, swarm out (like bees).

efficaciter: effectively, efficiently.

efficax: effective, efficient.

efficax: efficacious.

efficens: efficient, effective.

efficenter: efficiently, effectively, powerfully.

efficio: to do, produce, effect, make/ bring about, cause /prove.

efficio: to bring to pass.

effigies: effigia: effigy, idol, likeness /ghost, appartition /ideal.

effingo: to form, fashion, make /duplicate, copy.

efflagito: to plead urgently.

effligo: efflixi: efflectum: to wipe out, obliterate, destroy.

efflo: to breathe out, blow out.

effloresco: to blossom, bloom, break out.

effluo: to vanish /be forgotten /pour out, leak, seep /become known.

effluvium: an outlet /seepage.

effodio: to dig out, excavate /to gut.

effor: to speak, express /state /declare.

effor: to speak out.

effreno: to let go without reins.

effrenus: wild, unrestrained, unchecked, unbridled.

effringo: effregi: effractum: to break, break open.

effugio: effugi: effugiturus: flee from, escape, elude, run away.

effundo: to pour out, pour forth, shed, utter.

effundo: to pour out.

effusio: a pouring form, effusion.

effusio: exhilaration, upwelling of emotion.

effutio: to gab, chatter.

egelidus: thawed, lukewarm, tepid.

egens: to needy.

egenus: in want of, in need of, destitute.

egeo: to need, lack, want, be without.

egestas: to extreme poverty.

ego: I, self.

egredior: egressus: to go out, leave, depart, exit.

egredior: to come out.

egregius: illustrious, eminent, distinguished.

egressio: withdrawal, depart, withdraw.

eia: ho!.

eicio: eiectum: to throw out, eject, drive out.

ejulo: to wail.

elabor: to slip away, escape.

elatio: high wave, self-exaltation.

elatus: puff-up, proud of oneself, arrogant.

elatus: puffed up.

electrum: amber.

electus: chosen, select.

elegans: elegant, fine.

elementum: first principle, element, basic constituent.

elemosina: alms.

elemosinarius: almoner, person in charge of providing charity.

elido: to dash to pieces.

eligo: to pick out, select, choose.

eligo: to elect.

eloquens: eloquent, persuasive, fluent.

eloquentia: eloquence, readiness of speech, fluency, persuasiveness.

eloquor: to speak out, express oneself, declare, speak eloquently.

elucido: to light.

elucubro: to compose with great labor.

eluo: to wash out, rinse cleanse /squander, waste.

eluvies: a flowing over, flood, innundation.

eluvio: inundation.

emanio: to flow out, spread /arise, emanate, originate.

emendator: corrector, editor.

emendo: to amend, correct.

emendo: to free from faults, emend, edit.

emercor: to buy up.

emereor: to deserve.

emergo: emersi: emersum: to arise, come up, rise up, occur.

emerio: to obtain by service, earn completely, deserve well.

emico: to shine.

emineo: to stand out, project, be remarkable, conspicuous.

emineo: to be prominent, conspicuous .

eminor: to threaten, menace.

eminus: at a distance, from a distance.

emiolios: one and a half.

emiror: to wonder at exceedingly.

emitto: to send out.

emitto suspiria: to to sigh.

emo emi emptum: to buy, purchase.

emoveo: to move away, remove, take away.

emptio: a buying, a purchase.

emundo: to cleanse.

en: behold!.

enim: in fact, truly, indeed.

enim: for, in fact, truly (may often be omitted).

enimvero: indeed.

eniteo: to gleam.

enitor: to labour to bring forth, bear children.

ensis: sword.

enucleate: plainly.

enucleo: to make clear.

enumero: to count, count up, enumerate.

enutrio: to bring up.

eo: to advance, march on, go, leave.

eo ire itum: to go, advance, proceed, travel, move along, progress.

ephebus: youth.

episcopalis: episcopal.

episcopus: bishop.

epistola: letter, epistle, missive, message.

epistula: letter, epistle, missive, message.

epitaphium: funeral oration.

epithalamium: wedding song.

epitoma: abridgement, summary.

epitome: abridgement, summary.

epops: epopis: the hoopoe (a bird).

epos: epic poem.

epotus: drunk up, drained / swallowed up.

eptheca: an addition.

epulae: a banquet, feast / food / dishes, courses of a meal.

epulo: sumptuous food, banquet, feast.

epulor: to feast, banquet, dine.

epulor: to feast, feast on.

epulor: to dine.

epulum: a banquet, feast.

equa: a mare.

eques: equitis: horseman, cavalry man rider (classical).

eques: horseman.

equester: (-stris, stre) equestrian, relating to cavalry.

equidem: (adv) indeed, truly, for my part.

equinus: equine, relating to horses.

equipero: [+ dat.] to be the equal of.

equitatus: cavalry, horsemen (classical).

equito: (-are) to ride on horseback.

equito: to ride, ride through.

equus: horse, steed, mount.

era: mistress, lady.

eradico: to root out, destroy, obliterate, get rid of.

erado: erasi: erasum: (-ere) to scratch out, erase / destroy.

erectus: upright, standing / resolute.

erectus: proud / alert / anxious /cheerful.

erepo: to creep out, creep over, creep up.

ereptio: seizure, taking by force, confiscation.

ereptio: seizure.

ereptor: thief, robber.

erga: (+ acc.) toward, about.

ergastulum: a workhouse for slaves.

ergo: (gen. +) on account of, because of.

ergo: (adv.) accordingly, then, therefore.

ericius: (mil.) hedgehog, chevaux de frise.

erigo: to erect, raise, set up / arouse, encourage, incite.

erigo: to arouse, raise up.

erilis: relating to a master or mistress.

eripio: eripui: ereptum: to snatch away, take away / rescue, free.

eripio: to snatch.

erogatio: payment, expenditure.

erogo: to ask for / to pay out, expend, disburse.

erogo: to disburse.

errabundus: wandering.

erratio: a wandering, straying.

erratum: fault, error, mistake.

erratus: wandering, straying.

erro: to wander, stray, rove / be mistaken, err, go astray.

erro: to go astray, wander, err.

error: wandering, error, mistake, deception.

error: erroris: error, mistake, going astray.

error: uncertainty / deception.

erubesco: (+ inf.) to blush to, (+acc.) blush for, respect.

erubescundus: something to be ashamed of, worth blushing over.

eruca: a colewort (plant).

eructo: (-are) to vomit, throw up /to cast out, throw out.

eructo: eject / belch.

erudio: to polish, smooth / instruct, teach, educate.

erudio: to polish, instruct.

eruditio: instruction, teaching / knowledge, learning.

erumpo: to break out, burst forth / (milit.) attack.

erumpo: to break open, vent, discharge, erupt.

eruo: to dig up, pull out / raze, demolish.

eruo: to pluck, rescue.

eruptio: an eruption, bursting forth / sally, attack, assault.

erus: master, owner, lord.

ervum: a bitter weed, vetch.

esca: food / bait.

esca: food.

escendo: -scensi, scensum: to ascend, go up, climb, to go inland.

escensio: a movement inland / milit. marching inland.

esculentus: succulent, delicious, ripe.

esito: (-are) to continue eating.

esse: nature of being.

esse suae potestatis: to be one’s own master.

essedarius: one who fight from a chariot.

esurio: to be hungry, to hunger / long for, desire, yearn.

esuritio: hunger.

et .. et: both .. and.

etenim: for indeed.

ethologus: a mimic.

etiam: as yet, still / even, also, besides.

etiam: (asking a question): actually? really? in truth?.

etiam: (answering a question) yes, certainly.

etiam: (+ comparative) still [etiam maior = still greater.

etiam: and furthermore.

etiam atque etiam: again and again.

etiamnun: etiamnunc: yet, still, until now.

etiamsi: even if, although.

etiamtum: etiamtunc: even then / until then.

etsi: (acsi) even if, although, nothwithstanding.

eu: euge: eugepae: good! well done! good job!.

eunuchus: eunuch.

evacuo: empty.

evado: to go out, set out / get off / escape / result.

evado: to escape.

evagor: to wander out, stray off.

evalesco: to grow strong / become fashionable / prevail / be able.

evaneo: to vanish.

evanesco: (evanui) to vanish, disappear / pass away.

evangelium: the gospel.

evanidus: vanishing, disappearing / passing away.

evasto: (-are) to lay waste, devastate.

eveho: (-vexi, vectum) to carry out (+ relexive) sail away, ride away.

evello: to tear out, pluck out / turn out, result.

evello: (-ere, velli, vulsum) to happen, occur, come about, befall.

evenio: to come to pass, happen, befall.

eventus: eventum: consequence, issue, result, occurrence, experience.

eventus: outcome, success, fate, event, occurrence.

everbero: to strike violently, to hit hard.

everriculum: a fishing net, seine / a clean sweep.

everro: (-verri, -versus) to sweep out, plunder, pillage.

eversio: an overturning, destruction, ruin.

eversor: a destroyer.

everto: to destroy, ruin, demolish, raise, overthrow.

everto: to turn out, throw out, eject / dislodge, overturn.

evestigatus: found out, discovered. tracked down.

evidens: clear, distinct, plain, visible, evident.

evidenter: clearly, distinctly, plainly.

evigilo: to awaken /be alert, be watchful /[trans.] work hard at.

evincio: [vinxi, victum] to tie up, bind.

evinco: to conquer, subjugate, enthrall, defeat.

eviscero: to disembowel.

evito: to shuun, avoid; also, to kill.

evoco: to draw out, draw on, produce, recall to the colors.

evolo: to flee, escape, fly away, rush out.

evolutio: unrolling and reading of a scroll, reading of a book.

evolvo: to untangle, extricate, detach, disclose, explain.

evomo: to vomit forth.

evulgo: to publish.

ex: (= e ) (prep. + abl.) out of, from within, from / on account of.

exacuo: to sharpen.

exaequo exequo: to be like, equal/ make level or even, relate.

exaestuo: to give forth, foam.

exaggeratio: accumulation.

exaggeratus: accumulated, abundantly supplied.

exaggero: to enlarge, accumulate.

exagito: to stir up.

exalto: to raise high.

exanimus: lifeless.

exardesco: to to be inflamed.

exaresco: to become dry, arid.

exarmo: to disarm.

exaro: to plow up, dig up /write on a wax tablet.

exaro: to write down, till.

exaspero: to irritate.

exaudio: to listen to, hear plainly, hear favorably.

exaudio: to hearken to, grant.

excedo: (trans.) to exceed, leave, pass beyond.

excellens: superior.

excellentia: excellence, merit, worth.

excello: to elevate, surpass.

excelsa: elevations.

excessum: departure, death, digression.

excipio: (excepi exceptum ) to take out, except /take, capture.

excipo: to receive, intercept.

excito: call forth, bring about, wake, raise up.

excito: to awaken, occasion, stir.

exclamo: to shout, cry aloud, exclaim, call someone by name.

excludo: to shut out, exclude.

excolo: to honor (a deity), polish, adorn, refine, serve.

excolo: to tend, cultivate.

excorio: to shave /scalp, flay /oppress /peel.

excorio: to skin.

excrucio: to torment, torture, cause great pain.

excusatio: excuse.

excuso: to exempt from blame, excuse, make excuses, plead.

executio: to seize, recover.

executor: adminstrator, executive officer.

exemplar: model, pattern, original, prototype, book to copy.

exemplum: pattern, model, example .

exempoator: m, model, example.

exeo: to withdraw, go forth.

exerceo: to train, cultivate, keep at work, exercise, practice.

exerceo: to administer.

exercitatio: adminstration, [+ in] prosecute.

exercitatio: work at, busy oneself in.

exercito: to practise diligently.

exercitus: army.

exertus: tested, tried, approved, experienced.

exesto: extra esto.

exhaurio: to exhaust, make out.

exhaustus: drained.

exheredo: to disinherit.

exheres: disinherited.

exhibeo: to sustain, deliver.

exhibeo exibeo: to produce, show, display, offer, allow, cause.

exhibitio: producing.

exhilaro: to make cheerful.

exhilaro: to delight.

exhorresco: to be horrified, to shake, shudder /dread, tremble at.

exhorto: to encourage.

exigo: drive out, force out, exact, demand, sell.

exigo: complete, finish, determine, decide, settle.

exigo: to exact.

exilis: thin, slender, meager.

eximietate: uncommonness, excellence.

eximius: extraordinary, excellent, fine, superb.

eximius: uncommon, extraordinary, exceptional.

eximo: to free, release, take out, remove, waste.

exinde: thence, next/ thereupon, after that, then/accordingly.

exinde: thence, furthermore.

existo: to become.

exitiabilis exitialis exitosus: fatal deadly, destructive, lethal.

exitialiter: perniciously.

exitium: destruction, ruin.

exitium: ruin.

exitus: going out, going forth, exit, end, finish.

exitus: withdrawing, outlet.

exorbatus: stripped.

exordior: to begin.

exordium: the beginning (especially of a speech).

exordium: commencement.

exorior: to rise, spring up, issue, appear, come forward.

exorior: to appear, come forth.

exorno: to furnish, provide, supply.

exorno: to equip, adorn.

exoro: to prevail upon a person, entreat successfully.

exoro: prevail upon, beg.

exorsus: begun.

exortus: appearance.

exosus: loathing, fiercely hating, despising.

exosus: hated exceedingly.

expalpo: to lure out, coax out.

expando: to spread out.

expedio: to release, set free, clear /explain, clarify, set straight.

expedio: to free from a snare, disentangle /ready, settled, arranged.

expedite: freely, easily.

expedite: promptly.

expeditio: enterprise.

expeditione: military operation, military force, expedition.

expeditus: unimpeded, unchecked /(mil.) light-armed.

expello: to eject.

expello (expuli expulsum ): to drive out, expel, force out, banish.

expendo: to consider.

expergefacio: to awaken.

expergescor: to bestir.

experior: to test, put to the test, ascertain.

experior (experiri, expertus ): to try, test, experience, prove.

expers: wanting, destitute of, not sharing in.

expers: destitute of.

expertus: experienced, ascertained, knowing, proven .

expetens: desirous, eager.

expeto: to fall upon.

expeto: to demand, require / desire, strive after, make for.

expeto: to seek after, make for.

expilatio: plundering, taking booty.

expio: to purify.

expiscor: to fish out, find out, discover.

explano: to make clear.

expleo: to make losses good/ fulfil, discharge (duties).

expleo: to fulfill, finish.

expleo explevi expletum: to fill, fill up, complete, finish.

expletio: satifying.

expletio: to bring to completion, finish, end.

expletus: (part.) perfect, complete.

explicatus: explanation, exposition.

explico: to unfold, unroll, disentangle / explain, expound.

explico: to uncoil, undo.

explorator: scout.

expono: to expound, display.

expono (exposui expositum ): to set forth, explain, expose.

exporrigo: to spread out.

exposco: to entreat.

expositus: open, accessible, exposed.

expostulo: to demand earnestly / to make a claim.

exprimo: to represent.

expugno: to capture, overcome, subdue, take by storm, gain.

expugno: to take by assault.

expurgo: to purge.

exquisitus: sought after, exquisite,excellent, fine, delicate.

exsecrabile: detestable.

exsecror: to detest, curse.

exsequiae: relics.

exsequor: to maintain, keep up, carry out, fulfill, accomplish.

exsequor: to execute, avenge, punish /relate, describe, explain.

exsequor: to describe, carry out.

exsequor exequor: to follow to the grave, follow to the end.

exsertus exertus: project, thrust forward.

exsilio: to spring forth, bound forth.

exsilium: exile, banishment.

exsisto: to emerge, appear, exist, be.

exsisto: to emerge, be/ happen, take place.

exsisto existo: to stand forth, arise, appear.

exsors: deprived of.

exspectata: welcome.

exspecto: to look for, expect, await, wait for.

exspecto: to await.

exstasis: amazement.

exstinguo, exstingui, exstinctum: to extinguish, put out.

exsto: to stand out, be extant, appear, project, show itself.

exsul: exile.

exsulo: to live in exile.

exsulto: to revel, rejoice exceedingly, exult.

exsupero: to excell.

extemplo: to at once.

extendo: to stretch out.

exter, externus: foreign.

exterminata: banished.

extermino: exussum, burn down, burn, set on fire.

externus: outer, foreign, outside, external.

exterritus: terrified.

extimus: outermost.

extollo: to praise exaggerate /decorate, adorn.

extollo: to lift up, raise up, erect /elevate, exalt.

extollo: to exalt.

extorqueo: to twist, wrench, dislocate /extort by force.

extra: (prep. + acc.) beyond, outside.

extraho: prolong, protract/ bring forward.

extraho: to draw forth.

extraho extraxi extractum: drag out, extract, remove/.

extraneus: outside, exraneous/ foreign, strange.

extraneus: a foreigner, stranger.

extrarius: outward, external/ strange, unrelated, foreign.

extremitas: end, farthest part.

extremitas: end.

extremus: outermost, last, extreme.

extrico: disentangle, free, extricate, clear up, unravel.

extrinsecus: outwardly, externally, from the outside.

extrudo: to drive out.

extundo: drive away, repel violently, extort.

extundo: to form by beating with a hammer, invent, devise.

exturbo: to drive away, thrust out.

exuberans: superfluous.

exubero: to grow thickly, abound.

exubero: to abound in.

exulcero: to aggravate, exacerbate, irritate, make worse, embitter.

exulto: to exult, be joyful.

exululo: to howl loudly.

exundo: to overflow, abound,.

exuo: to lay aside, put away, store/strip, deprive.

exuo: to divest, strip off.

exuro, exussum: burn down, burn, set on fire.

exustio: burning up, conflagration.

exuviae: (anything taken off) dress, clothing.

exuviae: spoils, booty/ hides pelt.

faba: broad bean,.

faber: skilled, ingenious.

faber: craftsman, artisan.

fabre: skillfully, ingeniously.

fabrica: manufacture /craft, trade, art /trick, device.

fabrico: to construct.

fabrilis: workmanlike.

fabula: fable, story, tale, play.

fabula: fable.

facesso: to work zealously, do, accomplish.

facies: face, visage, countenance.

facies: aspect, appearance, look, condition.

facile: easily, without difficulty.

facile: easily.

facilis: easy, agreeable, affable, pleasant.

facillimus: easiest, most agreeable, pleasantest.

facina -oris: bad deed, crime, villainy/ deed, action.

facinarose: viciously, scandalously.

facinus: villainy.

facio: to give permission/ to experience, suffer (troubles).

facio: to sacrifice, suit, help, be of service.

facio: (trans.) to make, do, act, perform, cause, bring about.

facio + inf.: to bring to pass, to order, to have done.

facio servitium: to be in one’s service.

facis: a bundle, packet.

facticius: artificial, man-made.

factum: deed, accomplishment, work, act, achievement.

factum: action.

facultas: power, means, opportunity, capacity, ability, stock.

facultas: feasibility, opportunity, resources., abundance.

facultas: ability, store, wealth.

facunda: eloquent.

facunde: eloquently, fluently.

facundia: fertile, productive, profitable.

facunditas: fertility, qickness or readiness of speech.

facundus: eloquent, fluent, ready of speech.

faeneror: to hunt, loan, join.

faenum: fenum: hay.

faex: impurities.

fallo: to deceive, dupe.

falsidicus: lying.

falsus: false, deceptive.

falx: scythe.

fama: talk, report, rumor, gossip, tradition.

fama: report, common talk, fame.

famen: word, utterance, articulation.

fames: famine, hunger.

familia: family, household.

familiaris: belonging to a household / friendly, intimate.

familiaritas: confidential friendship, intimacy.

famosus: much spoken of, renowned /notorious, infamous /libellous.

famulatus: servitude, slavery, service /an extablishment of slaves.

famulatus: obeisance, attention, obedience, allegiance, vassalage,.

famulo: to attend.

famulor: to be a servant, to serve, attend, obey.

famulus: serving, servile /a servant, slave.

fanaticus: enthusiastic, inspired, frenzied.

fanum: a temple or church with the land around it, a holy place.

far farris: spelt, grain, meal.

farci, farci, fartum: to fill up, stuff.

farcio: to stuff.

farina: meal or flour.

farrago: mixed fodder for cattle, mash /mishmash, medley, mixture.

farratus: provided with grain.

fartim: stuffing, filling.

fartor: one who fattens fowls.

fas: divine law or command/ fate, destiny/ lawful, allowed.

fas est: : it is right, it is fitting, it is lawful.

fascia: bandage, band, girdle, girth.

fascino: to bewitch, envy.

fascis: bundle, burden.

fastidio: to dislike, have an aversion to, loathe.

fastidiosus: squeamish, dainty, fastidious.

fastidium: aversion, loathing.

fastidium: disgust, dislike, sqeamishness.

fastidium: scorn, disdain, haughtiness.

fastigate: slantingly.

fastigatus: pointed down, sloping down.

fastosus: pride, haughtiness.

fastus: haughtiness.

fatalis: deadly, fated.

fateor: to confess, admit, allow, reveal, make known.

fatigatus: wearied.

fatigo: worry, fatigue, vex, harass, tease.

fatigo: to harass, torment.

fatua: foolish.

fatum: fate, destiny, doom, lot, weird.

fatuo: to render vain, cause to fail.

fautor: favorer, promoter, patron, partisan, supporter.

fautor: promoter.

faveo: (+ dat.) be favorable to, aid, support, help.

faveo: (+ inf.) To be inclined to do.

faveo: to favor, befriend, delight in approval.

favillesco: to reduce to ashes.

feculentia: dregs, lees, impurities, filth.

fecunda: plentifully furnished, fertile.

fecundo: fertilize, make fruitful.

fefello: to be failed by, disappointed by something.

felicitas: happiness.

feliciter: happily.

felix: happy, fortunate.

felix felicis: lucky, fortunate, happy.

femina: woman.

fenestra: window.

fera: wild animal.

fere: almost, near;y, not quite, generally.

fere: well-nigh.

feretrum: bier, litter.

feretrum: bier.

ferinus: brutal.

feritas: wildness, savageness.

feriter: fiercely.

ferito: to fight, strike, deal blows, lash out.

ferme, fere: almost, about.

fero tuli latum: to carry, bring, tell, relate, and much else.

ferocia: high spirit, courage /arrogance, ferocity.

ferocitas: courage, untamed spirit /arogance.

ferocitas: savageness.

ferociter: with spirit, courageously /arrogantly, forciously.

ferox: spirited, courageous, warlike /wild, arrogant, unbridled.

ferox: headstrong.

ferramenta: tools made of iron, or shod with iron.

ferramentum: iron implement.

ferrarius: of iron /a blacksmith /iron mines.

ferrati: cuirassiers.

ferratilis: in chains (slaves and prisoners).

ferratus: a soldier in armor /in chains /furnished with iron.

ferratus: iron-clad.

ferreus: made of iron /hard, unfeeliing, cruel, unbending.

ferrugineus: rust colored, dusky.

ferrugo: the color of rust.

ferrum: iron, sword.

ferrum: sword, arms, iron, horseshoe.

fertilis: fruitful, fertile, productive.

fertilitas: fertility, fruitfulness.

fertilitas: abundance.

ferula: the herb fennel /a rad to beat children with.

ferus: fierce, wild, savage, untamed.

ferus: fierce.

fervefacio: to heat, boil, melt.

fervens: glowing, hot, heated /(character) heated, fiery.

ferventer: hotly, warmly.

ferveo: to be boiling hot, boil, seethe, glow.

ferveo: be excited by passion, rage.

ferveo: to boil, foam, glow.

fervesco: to become hot, begin to glow or boil.

fervidus: boiling, seething, foaming /fiery, passionate, excited.

fervidus: fiery.

fessus: wearied.

festinanter: hastily.

festinatio: speed, haste.

festino: to hasten, hurry, speed.

festino: to make haste.

festinus: hastening, hasty.

festivus: festive.

feteo: to have a bad odor, stink.

fictus: feigned.

ficus: fig tree.

fidelis: untranslated.

fidelis: faithful, loyal, true.

fidelitas: fidelity, loyalty, homage.

fidens: confident, without fear, courageous.

fides: lyre, string.

fides: promise, assurance, word of honor, engagement.

fides: promise, trust, faith, belief, truth.

fides: trustworthiness, protection.

fides: trust, confidence, reliance, belief, faith.

fiducia: confidence, trust, assurance.

fiducia: trustworthiness, confidence, reliance.

fiducialiter: confidently.

fidus: trusty.

fiendo: f.p.p, same as faciendo, the making, it will be made.

filia: daughter.

filiolus: godson.

filius: son.

fimus: dung, dirt, filth, manure.

fines: territory, limits, borders.

fines finium: boundaries, limits, /territory.

fingo: finxi: fictum: to touch, conceive, contrive.

finio: to cease.

finis: end, limit, boundary, purpose.

finitimus: adjoining.

finitimus finitumus: neighboring, adjacent, related to, similar.

fio, fieri, factus: be made, be done, become.

firmamentum: strengthening, prop, the main point, support.

firmiter: enduringly.

firmitudo: durability.

firmo: to make lasting, secure, affirm.

firmo: to assert, maintain/ strengthen, make firm / encourage.

firmus: firm, strong, reliable, solid.

firmus: steadfast, constant, durable.

flagello: whip, scourge.

flagitiosa: infamous.

flagitium: disgraceful act.

flagro: to blaze.

flamen: breeze, holy spirit, wind .

flamma: flame, fire.

flandrensis: Fleming, of or from Flanders.

flatus: blowing, blast, breathing, arrogance, haughtiness.

flax, falcis: sickle, bill-hook, pruning hook.

flebilis: lamentable, doleful.

flecto: to overcome, bend.

fleo: to weep.

fleo: to weep, cry, shed tears, sob.

flere: to cry, shed tears.

fletus: weeping, tears.

flexilis: pliant.

floccipendo: account of slight value, take lightly.

floreo: to [+ abl.] be distinguished for.

floresco: to begin to blossom.

flos: crown, move to and fro, wander.

fluctivagus: «wave-driven».

fluctus: flood, billow.

fluctus: billow, wave.

fluidus: moist.

flumen: river.

fluo: to flow, pour, stream.

fodio: to prick, sting, jab.

foede: fouly, in a filty manner.

foedero: to ally, make a treaty, make a pact, federate.

foedis-e: foul, fithly.

foedo: to pollute.

foedus: alliance, agreement.

foedus: foederis: compact, covenant, agreement / law.

foeteo: to smell bad.

foetidus: smelly, stinking.

foetor: a bad smell, a stink.

foetus: young, progeny.

foliatus: leafy.

folium: leaf.

folliculus: small bag, small purse, little sack.

follis: a leather bag, purse, bellows, puffed-out cheeks.

fomentum: poultice / alleviation.

fomentum: nourishment.

fomes: stimulus, incentive, motive.

fomes: fomitis: tinder.

fomeus: smoky, smoke-filled.

fons: fontis: fountain, spring / fresh water / source, origin.

fonticulus: small spring, little fountain.

for: say, sing in verse, speak.

for: fari: fatus: (deponent) say, speak, talk about.

forabilis: penetrable.

foramen: foraminis: hole, opening, aperture.

foras: outside, without, out of doors / + dare = to publish.

forca: pitfall, snare, trap.

forceps: pincers, tongs.

forda: a cow with calf.

fore, forem: future infinitive of sum.

forensis: public.

forensis: relating to the forum / relating to legal business.

forensis, e: legal.

forfex: scissors, shears.

foris: a door, opening, entrance.

foris: out of doors, outside, abroad / from abroad, from outside.

forix: fornicis: arch, vault / arcade / an arched sallyport.

forma: appearance, model.

forma: forma, shape, beauty.

formalis: having a set or standard form, / formal.

formamentum: conformation.

formator: a former, fashioner, maker.

formatura: forming, fashioning, shaping.

formica: ant.

formidilose: dreadfully, teribly.

formidilosus: causing dread, fear, terror.

formido: formidonis: dread, terror / dreadfulness / scarecrow.

formido: fear, dread.

formido: to be terrified, frightened, afraid.

formidolosus: fearful.

formo: to fashion.

formo: to shape, form, fashion.

formose: beautifully.

formositas: beauty.

formosus: beautiful, well-shaped.

formosus: finely formed.

formula: physical beauty / formula / rule, principle.

fornacalis: relating to an oven.

fornacula: a small oven.

fornax: fornacis: oven, furnace, kiln.

fornicatus: arched, vaulted.

foro: to bore, pierce, make a hole, penetrate.

fors fortis: chance, luck, fortune.

fors-itis: chance, luck.

forsit forsan forsitan: perhaps, probably.

fortasse: perhaps.

forte: perchance.

forte: by chance, by luck, accidentally.

fortis: strong, brave, powerful, robust, steadfast, courageous.

fortis: valiant.

fortiter: strongly, bravely.

fortiter: valiantly.

fortitudo: physical strength, courage, moral bravery.

fortitudo: courage.

fortuito: (used as adverb) accidentally, by chance.

fortuitus: accidental, by chance, fortuitous.

fortuitus: accidentally, by luck, casual.

fortuna: condition.

fortuna: fortune, luck, fate, chance.

fortunate: fortunately, happily.

fortunatus: fortunate, lucky, happy.

fortunatus: fortunate, lucky /wealthy, rich.

fortuno: to make happy, to bless, to prosper.

foruli: book-case.

forum: market place, town square.

forus: gangway of a ship.

fossa: ditch, trench, channel, moat.

fossio: fossionis: an excavation.

fossor: a digger, ditcher, sapper / fool, boor, clown.

fossura: digging, delving, sapping, ditching.

fovea: a pit, trap for game, pitfall.

foveo: to cherish, encourage, enfold.

foveo: fovi: fotum: to foster, support, encourage.

foveo: fovi fotum: to cherish / to warm, keep warm, caress.

fraga: fragorum: strawberries.

fragilis: fragile, easily broken / fleeting, transitory.

fragilis: weak, feeble.

fragilitas: frailty.

fragilitas: frailness, weakness, fragility, frailty.

fragmen: fragminis: a breaking / fragments, remains, ruins.

fragor: crashing.

fragor: a crash, crack.

fragosus: roaring, crashing, rough /broken.

fragro: to smell, be odiferous, redolent.

Franci: Franks.

Francigeni: Frankish people.

Francisca: Frankish.

frango: to break down.

frango: fracta: to break in pieces, shatter.

frater: brother.

fraudatio: fraud, deceit, trickery.

fraudulentus: deceitful.

fraus: fraud.

frendo: to gnash one’s teeth, bruise, crush, grind.

frendo: gnash the teeth, crush, bruise, grind.

freno: curb, restrain, hold back, restrain.

frenum: bridle.

frenum: reins, bridle, bit /restraint.

frequentatio: frequency, crowding.

frequenter: frequently.

frequentia: crowd.

frequentia: a large concourse, population, numerous assembly.

frequento: to crowd, visit.

frequento: to crowd, collect in large number, visit.

fretus: + abl. relying upon, depending on, banking on.

frigidus: feeble.

frigus: cold, coolness, cold of winter /dullness, indolence.

frivolus: trifling.

frons: forehead, brow, front.

fructuarius: fruitful, fertile.

fructus fructus: fruit, profit, enjoyment, produce.

frugalitas: frugality, economy, pinching pennies.

frumentum: grain.

fruor: to have the benefit of, to enjoy.

fruor: to enjoy, delight in, use.

frusto: to break to pieces.

frustra: in vain, mistakenly, wantonly, without reason.

frustra esse: to be deceived, to be mistaken.

frustro: to defraud, deprive.

frustro: frustror: to deceive, dupe, trick, disappoint.

frutex: shrub, bush.

frux: fruits of the earth, success.

frux, frugi: fruits of the earth.

fuga: flight, escape,.

fugio: to flee, escape, runa aaway /avoid, shun.

fugitivus: fugitive: deserter, runaway slave.

fugo: to put to flight, chase away, drive into exile, pursue.

fugo: to put to flight, chase.

fulcio: to support, strengthen, uphold/ to besiege, oppress.

fulcio: to strengthen.

fulgens: flashing, illustrious.

fulgeo (fulsi ): to flash, shine, beam.

fulgidus: glittering.

fulgur: to flash.

fultus: supporter.

fumidus: smoky, smoke-filled.

fumo: to smoke, steam, reek.

fundatio-onis: f, foundation.

fundator: m, founder.

funditus: totally.

funditus: utterly.

fundo: (milit.) to rout, scatter, defeat, put to flight.

fundo: to cast to the ground, pour forth.

fundo: to found, establish.

fundo: to pour, pour out (like molten metal), melt, cast.

fundus: estate.

funestus: causing calamity, deadly.

fungor: to [+ abl.] discharge, administer.

fungor, fungi, functus: to occupy oneself, perform, do, execute.

funiculus: a thin rope, cord, string.

funis: rope, cord, line.

funis -is: rope, cord, line.

furax: inclined to steal,.

furca: a fork, pitchfork /narrow pass.

furcifer: rascal.

furcillo: to act as a support.

furiae: madness.

furibundus: inspired, raging, furious.

furiosus: mad.

furo: to rage.

furor: madness, rage, frenzy.

furor: fury.

furs: thief.

furtificus: thievish.

furtim: by stealth.

furtim: by stealth, stealthily.

furtum: theft, robbery/ furta: stolen property /trick, deceit.

fusus: (from fundo) spread out, extended, wide, copious.

futurus: -a, -um, absurd.

galactinus: the Milky Way.

galbinus: a greenish-yellow color.

galea: helmet.

galea: [leather] helmet.

gallina: hen.

gallo: cock.

Gandavum: Ghent.

ganea ganeum: brothel.

garrio: to prate, chatter.

garrio: to chatter, babble.

garrulitas: prating, chattering, talkativeness.

garrulus: chattering, talkative, garrulous.

garrulus: noising, talkative.

garum: a fermented fish sauce.

gaudeo: (gavisus) to rejoice, take delight.

gaudeo: to rejoice, be joyful, take pleasure in.

gaudeo: (+ abl. of specification) to take delight in.

gaudium: joy, delight, happiness.

gaudium: * joy.

gauisus: (< gaudeo) rejoicing, joyous, glad, happy.

gaza: treasure.

gelamen: assembly, gathering.

gelide: coldly, weakly, feebly.

gelidus: cold, frosty, icy, freezing.

gelidus: icy.

gelo: to freeze.

gelu: frost, chill, cold.

gelus: icy coldness.

Gemblacensis: Gembloux.

gemino: to double.

geminus: twinned /double /paired /half and half.

gemitus: groan, moan.

gemma: gem.

gemo: to sigh, groan, wail.

generasco: to be produced, to be born.

generatim: by kinds, according to classes /generally, in general.

genero: to beget, engender, produce, create.

genero: to engender, beget.

generose: nobly.

generositas: * noble breed.

generosus: of noble birth, aristocratic, well-bred.

genetrix: mother.

genialis: lust-producing.

genitalis: fruitful.

genitor: sire, genitor.

genitus: sired, begotten, scion.

gens: nation, «people».

gens: clan, race, nation, people, tribe.

gentilitas: heathenism.

genus: kind, sort, class, category.

genus: class, high birth, child, description.

genus hominum: human race.

germen: offshoot, germ.

gero: to carry, bear, wear /bear, give birth to /to carry about.

gero: to have, bear.

gero: to transact.

gerulus: messenger.

gestio: to [+ inf] to long to.

gesto: to carry, bear about.

gestum (gero): carriage, bearing / having borne.

gestum (gero): carrying about, conduct (oneself).

gigno (genuit): to bring forth, bear, beget, father.

gingiber: ginger.

glacialis: icy, frozen, full of ice.

glacies: ice.

gladius: sword.

gleba: soil.

gloria: fame, renown, glory.

glorifico: to glorify, adorn, exalt.

glorificus: glorious, full of glory.

glorior: to pride oneself, boast, glory in.

glorior: to glory, brag, boast, pride oneself.

gluten: glue.

gluto: glutton.

gluttio: to swallow, gulp down.

gnare: expertly, wisely.

gnaritas: knowledge.

gnarus: knowing, acquainted with, expert.

gnarus: skilful, wise, knowing.

gradior: to conduct one’s self, walk, live.

gramen: grass.

grandaevus: old, aged.

grandis: great.

grano, onis: hailstorm.

grassor: go about, go ahead, proceed, attack.

grassor: to rage.

gratanter: with joy.

grate: freely, willingly, happily.

gratia: gratitude, favor.

gratia: (in the abl.) on account of.

gratia: in order to, for the sake of, to.

gratia: grace, esteem, obligation, thanks.

gratia agere: (+ dat.) to thank.

grator: to manifest joy, congratulate.

gratuita: gracious.

gratulatio: to [+ gen] give thanks for.

gratulor: to wish a person joy, congratulate (+dat.), give thanks.

gratulor: to rejoice.

gravatus: sick, oppressed, ill.

gravida: pregnant.

gravis: heavy, weighty, serious, important /severe, grievous.

gravis: burdensome, unwholesome.

gravitas: weight, seriousness, dignity, importance.

graviter: heavily, seriously.

gravo: to oppress, burden, make suffer.

gregatim: in troops, or crowds.

gregatim: adv., in flocks, herds, troops, crowds.

gressus: pace, the ability to walk.

grex: crowd, herd, flock.

gubernaculum: helm.

gubernatio: direction, command, leadership.

gubernatio-ionis: f, direction, government.

gurges: whirlpool.

gusto: to taste.

gutter: neck, throat, gullet.

habenae: government, reins.

habeo habui habitum: to have, hold, possess /consider, regard.

habilis: suitable, fit.

habito: to have frequently /dwell, reside /take possession.

habito: to dwell, abide.

habitudo: condition.

habitus: disposed, in a certain condition.

hac: this side, this way, here.

hac: (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THIS (the sword)..

hactenus: hitherto, up to this point, so far.

hae he: (fem. plur. nom) THESE (speeches) were very fine.

haec hec: (fem. sing. nom.) THIS (sword) is more expensive.

haereticum: n, heretical.

haero: to be brought to a standstill, keep at, hesitate.

hanc: (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THIS (her youth).

harum: (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THESE (gates).

has: (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THESE (their lives) for the Faith.

Hasnonium: Hasnon.

hasta: spear.

haud: no, not at all, by no means.

haurio: to devour.

hebes: sluggish.

hebeto: to blunt.

Helcim: Helchin on the left bank of the Scheldt.

Helnonensis: Elnon. Herimann, p. 279.

Heniis Harniis: Hames.

Herebus: Lower World.

hereditas: inheritance, often simply «property.».

hesito (haesito): to be unsure, uncertain, wavering.

heu: alas!.

heus: hark!.

hi: (masc. plur. nom.) THESE (men) are loyal to the king.

hic: (masc. nom. sing.) THIS (house) is filthy.

hic: (adv.) here.

hic haec (hec ) hoc: this, the latter /he, she, it.

hilaris: cheerful, merry, gay.

hinc: from this place, hence.

hinc: after this.

hinc hinc: on every side.

hinc inde: from different directions.

hio: to gape wide.

Hirenses, Irenses: Irish.

his: (neut. plur. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders).

his: (neut. his: (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THESE (policemen).

his: (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships).

his: (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THESE (roads).

his: (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THESE (churches).

hoc: (neut. sing. acc.) Break THIS! (fetter).

hoc: (neut. sing. nom.) THIS (monastery) is well-built.

hoc: (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesistate BECAUSE OF THIS! (doubt).

hoc: (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THIS (field).

hodie: today.

hodiernus: of today.

Hoienses: huy, belgium, between liege and namur.

holocaustum: offering.

homo hominis: human being, man.

honestas: respectful treatment, respectability.

honeste: respectfully, properly, suitably, appropriately.

honesto: to embellish.

honestus: honorable, respectable /fine, beautiful /proper.

honestus: respectable, distinguished.

honor: honor, esteem, public office.

honor: official dignity or office, ornaments, esteem.

honorabilis: respectful.

honorifice: honorably, respectfully, with deference, duly.

honoro: to honor.

hora: hour, time.

hordeum, ordeum: barley.

horrendus: horrible, dreadful.

horrendus: dreadful.

horreo: to [+ ne] shudder at, be horrified at.

horresco: to begin to shake.

horror: horror.

hortor: exhort, incite, encourage.

hortor: to instigate.

hortus ortus: garden / pl. grounds, park.

horum: (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THESE (soldiers) are spent.

horum: (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat.

hos: (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THESE (houses) to the ground.

hospes: guest, host, stranger.

hospitium: hospitality /guest chambers, inn.

hospito: to welcome.

hostes hostium: the enemy.

hostilis: hostile or enemy, armed.

hostilitas: enmity.

hostiliter: by force of arms.

hostis: an enemy of the state.

huic: (neut sing. dat.) i’d give my right arm FOR THIS (cookie).

huic: (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THIS (doctor).

huic: (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THIS (abbey).

huius: (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THIS.

huius: (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THIS (change).

huius: (neut.).

humanitas: kindness, culture, refinement.

humanitas: gentleness.

humanus: pertaining to man, humane, humane, cultured, refined.

humilio: to abase.

humilis: lowly, humble.

humilis: humble.

humilitas: humility.

humo: cover with earth, bury,.

humo: to inter.

humus: ground, earth, soil /land, country.

humus: region, earth, soil, dirt, sod.

hunc: (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THIS (fruit).

Hunnam: Bunna.

hypocrita: hypocrite.

iaceo: to lie, lie prostrate, lie dead.

iacio: to throw, cast, hurl, lay, scatter, diffuse.

iactantia: bragging, boasting.

iaculator: a thrower, javelin man, spear thrower.

iaculum: dart, javelin, short spear.

iam: moreover, henceforth, indeed, just, further.

iam: now, by now, already/ presently, immediately, soon.

iam pridem: now for a long time.

iam tandem: in the end.

iamdiu: now for a long time.

iamdudum: now for a long time.

ianitor: -oris doorkeeper, porter.

ianua: door.

ianus: arcade, covered passage.

ibi: there.

ibidem: in the same place, at the moment, in that matter.

Ico: to strike, hit, wound /strike a bargain, make a deal.

ictus: blow, wound, stabbing, thrust.

ictus: blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust.

ictus: stroke.

idcirco: on that account, for that reason, for that purpose.

idem eadem idem: the same.

identidem: again and again, repeatedly.

ideo: for that reason, on that account, therefore.

idoneus: proper, worthy, fitting, deserving, capable.

iecur: the liver.

ieiunitas: hunger, emptiness /meagerness, poverty.

ieiunium: fast, abstinence, hunger /leanness, thinness.

ientaculum: breakfast.

iento: to eat breakfast.

igitur: therefore, consequently, for this reason.

igitur: adv, therefore.

ignarus: ignorant, not knowing.

ignarus: unacquainted with.

ignavus: lazy, listless, inert, sluggish cowardly, a coward.

igneus: fiery, ardent, burning,.

ignis: fire.

ignominia: dishonor.

ignoro: to be ignorant of, not know /rarely: neglect, overlook.

ignoro: to be ignorant, disregard, not be recognized.

ignosco: to pardon.

ignotus: unknown, obscure, ignorant, ignoble.

ile: guts, intestines.

ilicet: it is finished /right away, immediately.

ilico: illico: on the spot, in that very place /immediately.

ilico: on the spot, immediately.

illa: (neut. plur. acc.) Deborah always won THESE (wars).

illa: (neut. plur. nom.) THOSE (arms) belong to the victor.

illa: (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THAT (the sword)..

illa: (fem. sing. nom.) THAT (sword) is more expensive.

illac: over there /along that path, in that direction.

illae ille: (sing. gen.) She paid half OF THIS (the cost).

illae ille: (fem. plur. nom.) THOSE (women) must die!.

illaesus: unharmed.

illarum: (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THOSE (gates).

illas: (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THOSE (their lives) for the Faith.

illata: from infero to cause, occasion, etc.

illaturos: from infero «they would cause.».

ille: (masc. nom. sing.) THAT (house) is filthy.

ille illa illud: that, the former, the famous /he, she, it.

illecebra: allurement.

illectus: allured.

illi: (neut sing. dat.) i’d give my right arm FOR THOSE (cookies).

illi: (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THAT (doctor).

illi: (masc. plur. nom.) THOSE (men) are loyal to the king.

illi: (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THAT (abbey).

illiam: (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THAT (her youth).

illic: there, at that place, therein, in that matter.

illicitus: unlawful.

illico: immediately.

illis: (plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds).

illis: (neut. plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds).

illis: (neut. plur. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders).

illis: (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THOSE (Marines).

illis: (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships).

illis: (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THOSE (roads).

illis: (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THOSE (churches).

illius: (neut. sing. gen.) She paid half OF THAT (the cost).

illius: (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THAT.

illius: (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THAT (change).

illo: (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THAT (field).

illo: (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesitate BECAUSE OF THAT! (doubt).

illorum: (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat.

illorum: (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THOSE (soldiers) are spent.

illos: (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THOSE (houses) to the ground.

illuc: thither, to that place, to that matter, to that person.

illud: (neut. sing. acc.) Break THOSE (fetters)!.

illud: (neut. sing. nom.) THAT (monastery) is well-built.

illudo illusi illusum: to mock, make fun of, ridicule.

illudo-si-sum: 3, to mock, to scorn.

illum: (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THAT (fruit).

illustrator: enlightener.

illustratus: renowned.

illustris: famous.

illustro: to light up, illuminate.

imago: image, likeness.

imbecillitas: indisposition.

imbellis: unwarlike.

imber: ymber: rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain.

imbibo: imbibe, drink in /think up, conceive.

imbrium: of rain.

imbuo: to soak, steep, saturate /to stain, dye /to become used to.

imbuo: to imbue.

imcomposite: adv from incompositus; also incompositione.

imitabilis: that which can be imitated,.

imitabilis: imitable.

imitor: to imitate, substitute.

immanis: monstrous.

immanitas: heinousness, savagery, frightfulness.

immaniter: dreadfully, savagely.

immarcescibilis: unfading.

immensus: vast.

immerito: adv. undeservingly, without merit, unjustifiably.

immineo: to hang over, be imminent, threaten.

immitis: rude.

immo: nay, should I say, on the contrary.

immo: by all means, by no means, on the contrary.

immodicus: immoderate, excessive, beyond measure.

immortalis: immortal.

immotus: unmoved.

immunda: unclean, impure, dirty, foul.

immundus: foul, impure.

immunis: exempt, free.

impedimentum: hindrance, impediment, obstacle, difficulty.

impedio: entangle, ensnare, obstruct, surround, hinder, prevent.

impedio: to entangle, hold fast.

impeditio: hindrance.

impeditus: entagles, hindered /embarassed, prevented, obstructed,.

impedo: to entangle, ensnare, hinder, prevent, obstruct.

impello: to drive against, strike upon.

impello: to stimulate.

impello impuli impulsum: to set in mortion, impel, urge on.

impendeo: to hang over, threaten, menace, be imminent.

impendo: to lay out, expend, weigh out.

impendo: to expend.

impenetrabiilis: impenetrable.

impensa: expense, outlay.

imperator: commander in chief, general, emperor.

imperceptus: unperceived /unknown,.

imperiosus: imperious, dominering, powerful.

imperito: to govern.

imperium: power to command, authority, command, rule, control.

imperium: sovereignty, realm, command.

impero: to give orders, command /to rule, hold sway.

impero: to command.

imperterritus: undaunted.

impertior: to bestow.

impervius: unpassable.

impeto: to attack, head for.

impetro: to get, accomplish, effect, obtain (by asking).

impetro: to procure.

impetus: attack, onset, rapid motion/ impulse, passion, force.

impetus: attack, rush, assault /impulse, sudden passion.

impetus: vehemence.

impiger: diligent, active.

impiger: indefatigable.

impigre: diligently, actively.

impingo: to hurl against, strike.

impirius: fiery.

impius: without respect, irreverent, unpatriotic /wicked.

impius: ungodly.

implacabilis: unappeasable.

impleo: to fill up, content, satisfy.

impleo: to fill in (or up), satisfy, content, fulfil, perform.

impleo: to fill up.

impono: to place, set, stow /embark /cheat, deceive.

impono: to lay in.

importunitas: insolence, incivility.

importunus: unsuitable, unfavorable, troublesome/ inconsiderate.

importunus: unsuitable.

impraesentiarum: for the present, in present cirumstances.

imprecor: to curse.

imprimis: especially, particularly, specifically.

improbitas: depravity.

improbus: inferior, bad, wicked, persistent, perverse, bold.

improbus: outrageous, self-willed, impudent.

improvidus: improvident, negligent, thoughtless, feckless.

improviso: unexpected/ (ex improviso) suddenly.

impudens: impudent, shameless, insolent, presumptuous.

impudenter: impudently, insolently, presumptuously.

impugnatio: -ionis: attack.

impugno: to attack, assault.

impunitus: unpunished, unrestrained, safe.

imputo: to lay to a charge, enter in an account, impute to.

in: (+ acc.) into, toward, against.

in: (+ abl.) in.

in excelsis: in the highest.

in praesentia: for the present.

inaestimabilis: inestimable.

inaestimandus: invaluable.

inaestimatus: unexpected.

inanis: empty, vain, inane.

inanis: useless.

inasnum: n, foolish, insane.

incalesco: glow, kindle.

incassum: in vain.

incassum: to no purpose.

incauta: reckless.

incedo: to awake, march, go, enter into.

incedo: to move forward.

incendia: fire.

incendo: to set fire to.

incentivus: provocative.

inceptor: beginner.

inceptum: beginning, attempt, enterprise.

incertus: uncertain, doubtful, unsure, hesitant.

incessanter: incessantly.

incessus: pace, gait.

incestus: lewd.

inchoatus: unfinished, only begun.

incido: to fall in or on, fall in with /happen, occur.

incido in mentionem: to happen to mention.

incipio: to take in hand, begin, commence.

incito: to excite, spur, inspire, increase /hasten, urge on.

incito: to spur on.

inclino: to bend, incline, turn, change / fall back, waver.

inclino: to bend.

inclitus: illustrious.

includo: to shut in, enclose, establish a siege, surround.

inclutus inclitus: celebrated, famous, renowned.

incogitania: thoughtlessness.

incogitatus: thoughtless, inconsiderate / spontaneous.

incogito: to plan, arrange, contrive, think out.

incognitus: unknown, unexamined / unrecognized / unclaimed.

incoho: incohare: to begin, start upon, turn to, start.

incol: ae: resident, inhabitant of a place / foreign resident.

incola: resident.

incola, ae: resident, inhabitant of a place / foreign resident.

incolo: incolere: to inhabit, reside somewhere, dwell (in).

incolo: to reside or cultivate or inhabit.

incolumis: uninjured, safe, scatheless, unharmed.

incolumitas: safety.

incomitatus: alone, unaccompanied, without followers.

incommendatus: without a protector, without a lord.

incommode: inconveniently.

incommoditas: inconvenience, uncomfortable / disadvantage.

incommodo: (-are) to be troublesome, unpleasant, annoying.

incommodus: inconvenient, troublesome, irksome.

incommodus: disagreeable, unpleasant.

incommutabilis: unchangeable.

incomparabilis: without compare, peerless, incomparable.

incompertus: unknown.

incomposite: irregularly, in a disorderly manner.

incompositus: disorder, lack of regularity.

incomprehensibilis: impossible to catch, incomprehensible.

incomptus: unkempt, untrimmed / rude, rough.

inconcessus: forbidden, prohibited, not allowed.

inconcinnus: awkward, clumsy / without elegance / absurd, laughable.

inconcussus: firm, unshaken, stable.

inconditus: disorderly, not arranged, unplanned, confused.

incongruens: not agreeing, inconsistent, out of place.

incongruus: unsuitable.

inconsiderate: thoughtlessly, without consideration.

inconsideratus: without thought, inconsiderate/ reckless, unadvised.

inconsolabilis: inconsolable / uncurable.

inconstans: inconsistent, changeable, fickle, unreliable / faithless.

inconstanter: inconstantly, changeably, inconsistently.

inconstantia: changeability, inconsistency / faithlessness.

inconsulte: indiscreetly.

inconsultus: without asking advise, precipately / imprudent, rash.

inconsultus: inconsiderate, without advice.

inconsumptus: unconsumed, undiminished, not depleted.

incontaminatus: pure, unadulterated, unpolluted.

incontentus: unstretched, not extended, unstrained / untuned.

incontinencia: lack of restraint, incontinence.

incontinens: incontinent.

inconveniens: not suiting / dissimilar.

inconvulsus: unshattered, undestroyed.

incoquo: incoxo: incoctum: (-ere) to dye.

incorrectus: unimproved, uncorrected, not emended.

incorruptus: uncorrupted, genuine, pure, untainted.

increbresco: (-ere) to grow strong, prevail, increase, wax.

incredibilis: incredible, unbelievable.

incredulus: incredulous.

incrementabiliter: increasingly.

incrementum: growth, increase / offspring.

incrementum: augmentation,increment.

increpito: (-are) to call out to, to rebuke.

increpo: (of persons) to chide, rebuke.

increpo: to rebuke.

incresco: (-ere) to grow in, or upon.

incruentatus: incruentus: bloodless.

incruente: without bloodshed.

incubo: to hang over, lie heavily upon / dwell in / watch over.

incubo: to brood over, lie in a place, attach oneself to.

inculco: to crowd in, press in, trample in / impress upon.

inculpatus: innocent, without blame, guiltless.

inculta: waste, desert.

incultus: untilled, uncultivated / unpolished, rude, rough.

incultus: untidy, neglected.

incultus: neglect, lack of cultivation.

incultus: untilled, uncultivated.

incumbo: to lie or lean upon, lean over, overhang.

incumbo: to apply oneself, concentrate / favor, further, promote.

incumbo: to depend on/ devote oneself to.

incunabula: swddling clothes / infancy, birthplace / source, origin.

incunctanter: unhesitatingly.

incuratus: unhealed, uncured, untended.

incuria: carelessness, neglect.

incuriose: negligently, carelessly.

incuriosus: neglect, careless, negligent.

incurro: to run into, assail, attack, raid into, come upon.

incurro: to [+ acc] incur.

incursio: clash, collision / attack, raid, foray, invasion.

incursio: attack, assault.

incurso: to collide with, strike against / attack.

incursus: an attack, assault / efforts, impulses.

incursus: an attack, assault.

incurvo: (-are) to bend, curve, make crooked.

incutio: to strike into.

indagatio: investigation.

inde: thence, from there, for that reason, thereafter, then.

indebitus: not owed, not due.

indemnis: innocent.

indicibilis: indescribable, inexpressible.

indicium: data, information, evidence, indication, pointer.

indicium: sign.

indico: to proclaim, make publicly known, announce, disclose.

indico: to disclose.

indico: to enjoin.

indifferens: neither good nor bad.

indifferente: indifferently.

indifferenter: indiscriminately.

indigentia: indigence, poverty, destitution.

indigeo: to require, need, stand in need of.

indignatio: indignation.

indignatio: displeasure.

indignatus: indignant.

indignus: unworthy, lacking in merit, unfit.

indignus: unbecoming.

indigus, indiguus: desirous, needful of.

indissolubilis: indestructible.

indo (past indidi): to establish, cause, occasion.

indoles: genius, disposition, talent, tendency, metier.

indomitus: untamed, wild.

indubitanter: without doubts, confident, without hesitation.

induco: to bring, lead, conduct.

induco: cover, put on clothing, erase writing, revoke, anull.

induco: bring in, introduce, induce, persuade / decide.

induco indux inductum: to lead in, introduce, induce, influence.

induco-are: to lead.

indulgens: indulgent.

indulgeo: to pardon, forgive, excuse.

industria: diligence.

industrius: industrious, diligent, assiduous, hard-working.

indutiae: truce, armistice, suspension of hostilities.

indutus: enveloped, decked out, dressed.

indutus: attired, clad.

induviae: clothes, clothing, garb.

inedicabilis: unexplainable, inexplicable.

inedicibilis: inexpressible.

ineffabilis: unutterable.

inefficaciter: ineffectually, vainly, in vain,.

inefficax: ineffectual, unproductive, profitless /weak.

inennarabilis: indescribable.

ineo: to enter, go in /begin, commence, undertake, start.

ineo: to begin.

ineptio: to play the fool, to trifle.

inermis: defenseless, harmless, impotent, without strength.

iners: unskilled.

inexperta: untried.

inexpugnabilis: impregnable, unconquerable, not to be taken by force.

infamo: to put to shame, disgrace.

infandum: oh woe unutterable!.

infantia: infancy, babyhood.

infector: dyer.

infectum reddere: to revoke, render impossible, make voil, annull.

infectus: unworked /not done, unfinished, incomplete.

infectus: discolored, darkened, corrupted.

infecunditas: barrenness, sterility.

infecundus: barren, sterile.

infelicitas: bad luck, misfortune,.

infeliciter: unhappily.

infelix: unfruitful, barren, unproductive, infertile.

infelix: arbor infelix: the gallows.

infenso: to attack, avenge.

infensus: hostile, agressive /(arms) aimed, ready /(spirit) dangerous.

inferi: those down below, the dead.

inferne: on the lower side, below.

infero: to carry in, put or place on.

infero: (in logic) to infer, conclude.

infero: (abstract things): bring on, occasion, cause.

infero: to otherwise bring upon, enter, be troublesome.

infero: to say or put forth, bring forth, bring out.

inferus: below, under, southern.

infervesco: to come to a boil, become hot.

infeste: in a hostile manner, belligerently.

infesto: to attack, disquiet.

infesto: to molest.

infestus: aggressive, hostile, dangerous.

inficio: to discolor.

inficio infeci infectum: to tinge, dye, stain, imbue.

inficio infeci infectum: to poison, taint, corrupt.

infideles: faithless [ones].

infidelis: unfaithful, disloyal, untrue.

infidelitas: faithlessnes, disloyalty.

infideliter: faithlessly, disloyally.

infidus: untru, disloyal.

infigo: to fix, fasten /to imprint, impress.

infindo infidi infissum: to cut into.

infinitas infinitio: eternity, infinity, endlessnes.

infinitus: unlimited, infinite, without bounds, boundless, limitless.

infirmatio: weakening /refusing /invalidating.

infirme: weakly, faintly.

infirmitas: weakness, feebkeness /instability, fickleness.

infirmitas: infirmity.

infirmo: to weaken /shake /invalidate, annull/disprove.

infirmus: not strong, weak, feeble /(sometimes) sick, ill.

infit: he, she, or it begins, begins to speak.

infitialis: negative, containing a no, rejection.

infitias ire: to deny.

infitior: to deny /deny a debt, refuse to return something.

inflammatio: setting afire /(people) inflaming /(souls) inspiring.

inflammo: to set on fire, inflame, to torch, kindle.

inflatio: inflation, flatulence.

inflatius: too pompous /on a grander scale.

inflatus: pompous, swollen, puffed up, inflated.

inflatus: blowing into, blast, inspiration.

inflecto: to warp /change, sway, affect.

inflecto inflexi inflectum: to bend, bow, curve.

infletus: unwept, unmourned, unlamented.

inflexibilis: unbending.

inflexio: a bending, swaying.

inflexus: bending, curving.

infligo inflixi inflictum: to strike, hit, knock /cause damage.

inflo: to blow.

inflo: to inflate, swell.

influo influi influxum: to flow in /to rush in, steal in.

infodio infodi infossum: to dig in, bury.

informatio: concept, idea.

informis: formless, shapeless /deformed, hideous.

informo: to instruct.

infortunatus: unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky.

infortunium: misfortune, bad luck /punishment.

infra: (adv.) below, underneath /to the south, in the underworld.

infra: (+ acc.) below, under /(time) later than.

infra inferius infimus: low down.

infractio: a breaking /infractio aninimi dejection.

infractus: broken, weakened, impaired.

infragilis: unbreakable, strong.

infremo: to growl.

infrenatus: without a bridle.

infrendeo: to gnash the teetch.

infrenis: infrenus: unbridled.

infrenis: unbridled.

infreno: to bridle, check, restrain, break in.

infrequens: scanty, thin, uncrowded /infrequent /thinly populated.

infrequentia: scantiness, emptiness, loneliness.

infringo: infregi: infractum: to beak, weaken, impari, discourage.

infructuosus: unproduction, infertile, unfruitful.

infrunitus: silly.

infucatus: colored.

infula: headband (worn by a priest), insignia.

infula: insignia of office, headband, fillet.

infulatus: crowned with an episcopal mitre.

infundo infudi infusum: to pour in or over /(+ dat.) administer.

infusco: to make dark, blacken.

infusio: wetting, dousing, drenching.

ingemino: to redouble, repeat /be redoubled, increase.

ingemisco: to groan, sigh over.

ingemisco: to groan.

ingemo: (+ dat.) to groan, sigh over.

ingenero: to plant, implant, generate.

ingeniose: cleverly.

ingeniosus: able, talented /neturally fit, adapted.

ingenium: innate character, talent, nature.

ingens: of immoderate size, vast, huge, monstrous, remarkable.

ingens: prodigious.

ingenuitas: free birth, noble-mindedness, frankness, openness.

ingenuus: free-born, noble-minded, upright, honorable.

ingero: to go off to, betake oneself to, pour forth, inflict.

inglorius: without fame, unddistinguished, inglorious.

ingluvies: (of an animal) crop, maw.

ingrate ingratiis ingratis: unwillingly, ungratefully.

ingratus: ungrateful, unpleasant, disagreeable.

ingravesco: to become: heavy, a burden, weary, pregnant.

ingravo: to weight down, aggravate, afflict.

ingredior: to enter upon, begin on /(with inf.) to begin to.

ingredior ingredi ingressus: to step in, enter, go in, walk.

ingredior vi ventorum: to proceed on the winds.

ingressio: an entering /beginning.

ingressus: entering, going in /inroad, movement/assault.

ingruenter: violently.

ingruo: to fall upon, assail, attack, assault.

ingruo: to fall violently upon, assail, assault.

inguen: the groin.

ingurgito: to glut oneself, gorge.

ingustatus: untasted.

inhabilis: unmanageable, ill-fit, poorly adapted, unsuiited.

inhabitabilis: uninhabitable, unfit for man or beast.

inhabito: to inhabit.

inhaeresco inheresco: to adhere to, begin to cling to.

inhaero: to adhere.

inhaero inhero: to stick in, cling to, cleave to.

inhalo: to breathe upon.

inhibeo: to hold in, check, restrian /back water /practice.

inhibeo: use, employ.

inhio: to gape /yearn for, desire, want, covet.

inhio: to [+ dat] attend closely to/ [+ ad, pro] desire.

inhoneste: dishonorably.

inhonesto: to disgrace, dishonor.

inhonestus: degraded, dishonored /dishonorable, shameful /ugly.

inhonoratus: unrewarded, not honored.

inhonorus: dishonored.

inhorreo: to bristle.

inhorresco: to begin to bristle, shudder, quiver, shake.

inhospitalis: inhospitable.

inhospitalitas: lack of hospitality.

inhospitus: inhospitable.

inhumane: inhumanly.

inhumanitas: curelty, inhumanity/ incivility, discourtesy/ stinginess.

inhumaniter: discourteously.

inhumanus: cruel, savage, barbarous, inhuman, uncivil, uncivilized.

inhumatus: unburied.

inibi: therein, in that place /(time) near at hand.

inicio inieci iniectum: to throw on, put on, don /inspire.

inimicus: personal enemy, foe, opponent.

inique: unfairly.

iniquitas: injustice, iniquity, unfairness.

iniquus: unequal, unjust, unfair.

initium: beginning, start, commencement, origin.

iniuria: injury, damage, hurt /injustice, wrong.

iniustus: unjust, inequitable, unfair.

injurius: wrongful, acting unlawfully.

injustus: wrongful.

innocens: blameless.

innocuus: innocent.

innotesco: to become know, noted.

innotesco: to become known.

innumerus: countless.

innuo: to give a nod to, give a sign to.

innuo: innui: innutum: to hint at, suggest, mean.

inobedio-ire: disobident, disloyal.

inolesco: to grow in or on.

inopia: scarcity, poverty.

inopinatus: unexpected.

inopportunitas: inconvenience, unseemly event.

inopportunus: unfitting, inopportune.

inops: poor, helpless, in need, needy, wthout resources.

inops: destitute, impoverished, indigent, powerless.

inquam: I say.

inquinamentum: filth.

inquiro: to ask, examine, search for.

inquis: you say.

inquisitor: [med] juror, member of an inquest, trustee.

inquit: he, she, it says.

inreto: irreto: ensnared, entrapped, entangled.

inrideo: to laugh at, mock, ridicule.

inritus irritus: void, invalid, in vain, useless, ineffectual.

inruo: irruo: to rush in, fling in.

insania: insanity, irrationality, madness, folly.

insanio: rage.

insanum: foolish.

insciens: unknowing, unaware, ignorant.

inscribo: inscribe, entitle, enlist.

insensatus: irrational.

insequor: to follow, pursue, assail, reproach, rebuke, attack.

inservio: to be a slave, serve, be devoted to.

insideo: sit upon something, be firmly placed.

insidiae: (plural) treachery, ambushes, plots, conspiracies.

insidiae: snares.

insidiator: one who lies in wait.

insidior: to [+ dat] lie in wait for, plot against.

insigne: badge.

insignio: to put a mark upon, adorn, distinguish.

insignis: distinguished.

insigniter: to be built on/ distinction/distinguished,.

insigno: to engrave.

insinuo: to insinuate, work one’s way in, intimate.

insisto: to enter upon [a journey] tread; (with d.) follow.

insisto: to [+ dat] persist in, urge.

insolesco: to grow haughty.

insolita: unaccustomed, unusual.

insolitus: unaccustomed /unusual, strange, uncommon.

insolubilis: indissoluble.

insons insontis: guiltless, innocent.

insperate: unexpectedly.

insperatus: unexpected, unlooked for, unanticipated.

inspicio: to consider, perceive.

inspiro: to inspire.

insquequo: until.

instabilitas: constant motion, restlessness.

instanter: urgently.

instar: a form, figure, after the fashion of, like.

instigatus: incited.

instigo: to goad, incite, stimulate, urge.

instituo: to establish, found, institute.

instituo-ui-utum: 3, put in place, begin.

instituta apostolica: canon law.

institutio: custom, institution, tradition.

insto: to pursue eagerly, devote oneself to.

insto: to be earnestly engaged in, draw nigh.

instructus: trained, taught.

instructus: versed in.

instructus (from instruo): equipped, trained, supplied.

instruo: to built in, set up, construct, furnish /train.

instruo: prepare, provide /draw up an order of battle.

instruo: to draw up.

insuadibilis: adamant, immovable, not to be persuaded.

insudo: (with ablative) exert oneself in, busy oneself with.

Insula: Lille.

insula: island.

insulto: to leap at or on /revile, insult, deride, heap scorn upon.

insultus: attack, assault.

insum: [inesse, infuit] to be in or on, contained in, within.

insumo: get one’s wish, obtain one’s desire.

insumptuosus: inexpensive, cheap, economical.

insuper: as mentioned above.

insurgo: to rise up/ [+ remis] ply one’s oars.

insurgo insurgi insurrectum: to rise up, rebel, revolt.

integer: whole, untouched, unhurt, undamaged /complete, entire.

integer: irreproachable, chaste.

integritas: integrity.

intellectus: meaning, understanding.

intellego intellexi intellectum: to understand, comprehend, see.

intempestivus: intelligendo: f.p.p., understanding, being understood.

intemporaliter: eternally, without end.

intemptesta nox: dead of night.

intendo: to stretch, strain, try to prove.

intendo: to extend, aim, direct, direct one’s course, aim at.

intenta: earnestness, seriousness.

intentio: effort, exertion, attention, intent / attack, accusation.

intentio: intention, plan, aim, design, purpose.

intentor: informant.

intentus: thorough, tense, anxious, strict.

inter: approximately, about, around, roughly.

inter: (+ acc.) between, among.

inter canem et lupum: at twilight.

intercapedo: interval, space.

intercipio intercepi interceptum: to intercept.

interdico: to place an interdict.

interdico: to forbid, prohibit, outlaw, gain an injunction.

interdico: to forbid.

interdum: sometimes, now and then, at times.

intereo: to perish, die.

intereo: to perish, die, go to ruin, decay.

intereo: to to be undone, take part in.

interfectio-onis: f, a killing.

interficio interfeci interfectum: to kill, murder, slay.

interfixus: paved, made firm.

interimo: to slay, kill, slaughter.

interitus: ruin, destruction.

internecio: destruction.

internuntius: go-between.

internus: deep, inward.

interpellatio: to appeal, suit.

interpolatio: interval.

interpono: to place between, interpose /intervene.

interpretor: to explain.

interrogatio: interrogation, inquiry.

interrogo: to inquire.

intertio: arrest, seize, take into custody.

interventus: mediation.

intervigilium: a nap, a doze, forty winks.

intestinus: internal, inner.

intextus: embroidered.

intimo: to announce.

intolerabiliter: unsupportably.

intoneo: to resound.

intorqueo: twist, distort.

intrepidus: eager, hot-blooded.

intrepidus: unshaken, undaunted.

intrico: to entangle.

intro: to walk into, enter, make one’s way into.

introduco: to lead in, introduce.

intueor: to look at attentively, gaze at, consider.

intueor: to admire, contemplate, observe, look upon.

intuitus: contemplation.

intumesco: to swell up, increase, swell with anger.

intumesco: to swell, puff up.

intus: within.

inultus: unavenged, unpunished.

inundantia: flood, overflowing, inundation.

invado: to assail, usurp, seize, attack, fall upon.

invado: to undertake, go in, enter, get in.

invado: to attack, usurp.

invalesco: to gather strength, become stronger.

invectio: invective, scolding.

invective: scoldingly.

invenio: to come upon, find, discover.

inventor: contriver, inventor, discoverer.

investigo: to track down, investigate.

inveteratus: hardened by age, of long-standing.

invetero: to give duration, to render old.

invicem: one after the other, by turns, mutually, each other.

invicem: reciprocally.

invictus: unconquer, unconquerable, undefeated.

invideo: to envy, be jealous of, look upon with envy.

invideo: to envy, refuse.

invidia: envy, jealousy, hatred /censure.

invidus: envious.

inviso: to go to see, visit, inspect, look at.

invisus: hated, hateful.

invito: to invite, summon.

invitus: unwilling, against one’s will.

invocatio: invocation, an invoking.

involvo: to wrap.

ioco iocor: to joke, jest, make merry.

iocus: joke, jest, jape, gag.

ipse ipsa ipsum: himself, herself, itself.

ipsemet: his own very self.

ira: anger, wrath.

irascor: iratus: to be angry, to be wrathful.

iratus: angry, wrathful.

ironice: ironically.

irradio: to beam forth.

irrepo: to insinuate oneself, steal in.

irretitus: caught in a net, trapped.

irreverens: disrespectful.

irrisorie: ironically, with a smile.

irrito: to irritate, exasperate, excite.

irritum: nothingness, worthlessness, vanity.

irritus: vain, useless, ineffectual, of not effect.

irritus: undecided, void, unfixed, of no effect.

irrumpo: to burst upon.

irruo: to rush into, rush upon, attack.

irruo: inruo: to rush upon, make an attack upon.

is ea id: this, that /he, she, it.

iste ista istud: that /sometimes pejorative.

ita: so, thus.

ita: (in narration) and so; (with adj. or adv.) so, so very.

ita ut: (with subj.) in such a way that,.

itaque: (adv.) and, so, therefore.

item: adv, likewise, moreover.

iter itineris: road, route, journey.

itero: to repeat, say again, iterate.

iterum: again, a second time, once more.

iubeo: to order, bid.

iubeo iussi iussum: to order, command /tell someone to do.

iucunditas: pleasure, charm.

iucundus: agreeable, pleasant, gratifying.

iudex: judge, juror.

iudicium: judgment, decision, opinion, trial.

iudico: to judge, consider.

iugis iuge: perpetual, continuous.

iugo: to bind together, connect, couple.

iugosus: mountainous.

iugulum iugulus: the throat.

iugum: yoke /a team of oxen, a pair /bond, union /slavery.

iugum: crossbar, beam of scales /crest, ridge.

iuguolo: to cut the throat, butcher, kill, destroy.

iumentum: beast of burden.

iunceus: made of rushes.

iunctio: connection, joining.

iunctura: a joining, joint /rekationship, combination.

iunctus: -a,-um united, connected, joined together.

iuncus: the rush.

iungo iunxi iunctum: to join, unite, cinnect /yoke, harness /to mate.

iuniperus: the juniper tree.

iuratus: under oath.

iureiuro: to swear an oath.

iurgium: quarrel, altercation, brawl.

iurisdictio: administration of justice, extent of competence.

iuro: to swear, to make an oath.

ius iurandum iuris iurandi etc.: oath.

ius iuris: justice, law, right /broth, soup.

iussu: (abl.) at the command of, by order of.

iusta: due forms /funereal rites.

iuste: fairly, justly, rightly.

iustitia: justice, fairness, equity.

iustum: what is right.

iustus: just, right, equitable, fair, lawful, proper.

iuvenalis iuvenilis: youthful.

iuvenesco: to reach the prime of life.

iuventus: youth (between 20 and 45).

iuvo: to help, aid, assist /to please, delight, gratify.

iuxta: just short of.

iuxta: close by, near/ in like manner, equally.

iuxta: (+ acc.) close to, near to/ (time) just before.

iuxtim: equally.

ivi: past tense of eo.

jaceo-ere-ui: to stand (that which is stated).

jacio: to cast.

jactantia: ostentation, bragging.

jactito: boast.

jaculum: dart, javelin.

jaculum: dart.

jubilo: to shout.

jubilus: shout of joy.

jucundus: pleasant, delightful .

judicium: trial, legal investigation, judgement, decision.

judico: to condemn, judge, try.

judico: to pass judgment.

juge: always.

jugis: continual, ceaseless, perennial, constant.

jugis: continual, perpetual.

jugiter: continually, perpetually, constantly / instantly.

jugiter: perpetually, continually.

jugulo: to slaughter.

jugum: ridge, rising.

jumentum: draft animal.

juramentum: oath, act of oath-taking.

jurgium: strife, contention/ to cause strife, brawl.

jus: right, law.

jussio: order.

justicia: equity, justice.

justifico: to forgive.

justus: equitable.

juvenis: young man, youth.

juventus: the age of youth (20-40 years).

juxta: adv, in a like manner, likewise.

labasco: to give way, totter.

labecula: a slight stain, minor disgrace.

labefacio labefeci labefactum: to shake, loesen /impair.

labefacto: to weaken, disturb /shake violently.

labellum: a little lip /a small washing vessel.

labes labis: stain, blemish, disgrace, infamy /misfortune.

labia labium: lip (labiae: lips).

labilis: transient, fleeting, slippery.

labiosus: having large lips.

labo: to totter, sink, begin to fall.

labo: to totter.

labor: hardip, fatigue, distress.

labor: hardship, exertion.

labor: to sink, slip away.

labor laboris: labor, work, toil.

labor lapsus: to slip, glide, slide.

labores solis: eclipse of the sun.

laboriose: laboriously, with great effort.

laboriosus: toilsome, laborious /(persons) industrious, toiling.

laboro: (intrans.) to work, toil, suffer, be afflicted, be troubled.

labrum: lip, edge, rim /bathing tub.

labrusca: wild grape vine.

labruscum: the wild grape.

lac lactis: milk.

lacer: torn, mangled, cut to pieces.

lacer: mangled.

laceratio: a tearing, mangling.

laceratus: torn to pieces, mutilated.

lacero: to tear to pieces, mangle /squander money /slander someone.

lacerta: lizard.

lacertosus: muscular, powerful.

lacertus: the upper arm /strength.

lacesso: to harass, attack.

lacesso: lacesco: to challenge, shake.

lacrima: tears /exudations from some plants.

lacrima Heliandum: amber.

lacrimabilis: lamentable, deplorable, woeful.

lacrimo: to weep, shed tears /exude, drip.

lacrimosus: tearful, mournful, shedding tears,.

lactans: giving milk.

lactatio: enticement, come-on.

lacteus: milky, of milk, milk-white.

lacto: to allure, entice, wheedle.

lactuca: lettuce.

lacuna: missing letters, words, or phrases in a manuscript.

lacuna: a hole, empty space /pond, pool /deficiency, loss.

lacunar: panelled ceiling.

lacus: a hollow /lake, pool, pond, troough, tank, tub.

laedo ledo: strike, hit, hurt, damage, offend, annoy, violate.

laesio lesio: rhetorical attack /wounding.

laetabilis letabilis: joyous, glad.

laetans: rejoicing, joyous.

laetatio: letatio: rejoicing, joy.

laetifico: letifico: to fertilize /cheer, gladden, delight.

laetifico: to rejoice.

laetificus: letificus: gladdening, joyous, spreading happiness.

laetitia: joy, gladness, delight.

laetitia letitia leticia: fertility /richness, grace /joy, delight.

laeto leto: to cheer, gladden, make joyful.

laetor: to be delighted.

laetor letor: to rejoice, be joyful.

laetus: glad delighted.

laeve leve: left-handedly, awkwardly.

laevus levus: foolish, silly /unlucky, unpropitious.

laevus levus: the left hand, left side, left-handed.

laganum: a cake.

lama: bog, slough.

lambo: to lick /(of rivers) to wash.

lambo: to lap.

lamenta (neut. pl): weeping, wailing.

lamentabilis: lamentable, mournful.

lamentatio: weeping, wailing, lamenting.

lamentor: to weep, wail, lament /(trans.) to bewail.

lamia: witch, vampire.

lamnia lammina lamna: sheet of metal, coin, knife blade, nutshell.

lampas: torch.

lancea: lances.

laneus: woolen.

laniatus: a tearing, ripping, mangling, mutilating.

lanio: to mangle.

lanx: scale.

lanx: dish, platter, plate.

lapsus: fall, fault, error, sliding, gradual movement.

laqueum: noose, halter, snare, trap.

laqueus: snare, trap, noose.

largiflue: bountifully.

largifluus: bountiful.

largior: to give bountifully, shower (with gifts).

largior: to lavish, bestow, grant, give abundantly.

largissimum: bounty.

largitas: bounty, liberality.

largitio: bounty.

largus: bountiful.

lascivio: to run riot, play, be wanton.

lasesco: to become tired, grow weary.

late: broadly, widely, extensively.

latebra: covert, hidden recess .

latenter: secretly, in a concealed manner.

later: brick.

latere: to lurk, lie hidden.

latet: to be unknown.

latex: liquid.

latibulum: lurking-hole.

latito: to lie hidden, be concealed.

latito: to keep out of the way, be concealed.

latitudo: breadth.

latrator: a barker (such as a dog).

latratus: barking.

latro: bandit.

latro: (-are) to bark, bay / rant /runble, roar.

latro: (-onis) hunter.

latro: (-onis) hired servant / mercenary soldier.

latro: robber, bandit, brigand.

latrocinium: mercenary service / highway robbery.

latrocinium: villainy / a gang of.

latrocinor: (dep) serve as a mercenary / to rob, steal.

latrocinor: to rob on the highway.

latrunculus: highwayman, robber, brigand, bandit / mercenary soldier.

latus: broad.

latus: broad, wide, extensive.

latus -eris: sides, flank / lungs /.

laudabilis: praiseworthy, laudable.

laudabiliter: (adv) in a laudable fashion.

laudatio: praise, commendation.

laudator: praiser.

laudo: to praise, extoll, commend /name, mention, cite, quote.

Laudunum: Laon.

laureatus: crowned with laurel, laureate.

laureola: a laurel branch, crown of laurel.

laureola: victory, triumph, success.

laurifer: carrying laurel, crowned with laurel.

laurifer: triumphant, victorious.

laurus: the laurel, bay tree / triumph, victory, success.

laus: praise, glory, fame.

lautitia: splendor, elegance.

lautumiae: lautomiae: (-arum) stone quarry.

lautus: washed, bathed, cleaned / fine, elegant, refined.

lauvabrum: a bath.

lavacrum: bath.

lavatio: washing, bathing.

lavo: to wash, bathe/ moisten, get wet / wash away.

lavo: to bathe.

laxamentum: a widening, expansion / rest, respite.

laxe: widely.

laxe: widely, loosely / unrestrained.

laxitas: wideness, expansiveness, roominess.

laxo: to relieve / release, set free, liberate / yield up.

laxo: sell formally, give up, loosen.

laxo: widen, extend, enlarge / undo, relax.

laxus: wide, spacious /later, postponed / lax, loose, relaxed.

lea: leana: lioness.

lebes: copper kettle, basin, cauldron.

lectica: litter, bier.

lectio: selection, picking out / reading, perusal.

lector: reader.

lectulus: a small bed, cot.

lectus: bed, couch.

legatarius: legatee.

legatio: embassy.

legatio: office of legate / office of ambassador, embassy commander.

legatus: ambassador, messenger.

legatus: deputy, ambassador, envoy / commander of a legion.

legens: (-entis) a reader.

legifer: lawgiving.

legio: a selection / chosen body / legion.

legio: legion.

legitiums: lawful, licit, right, proper, legitimate.

lego: to gather, choose, collect, pass through, read.

lego: appoint, select.

lego vela: to furl sails.

legumen: a bean, pea, legume.

lemiscus: a ribbon.

lemma: theme, title, epigram.

lemures: (pl. only) ghosts, phantoms.

lenimentus: alleviation, impreovement, mitigation.

lenio: to mitigate, relieve, make better.

lenis: smooth /gentle, kind, mild.

lenis: gentle.

lenitas: mildness.

lenitas lenitudo: smoothness, gentleness, mildness.

leniter: gently.

leno: procurer, go-between.

lenocinium: enticement, allurement.

lenocinor: to pander, flatter, make up to /to promote, advance.

lens: lentis: lentil.

lente: slowly, calmly, cooly, deliberately.

lentesco: to become soft, flexible, sticky /to weaken, slacken.

lentitudo: slowness, sluggishness / apathy.

lento: to bend.

lentulus: rather slow, a little slow.

lentus: lethargic, inactive /slow, lingering.

lentus: tough, resistant, tenacious /supple, pliant /.

leo: lion.

Leodie: Liege.

Leodium: Liege.

lepide: charminly, wittily, elegantly, pleasantly.

lepidus: charming, witty, pleasant, elegant.

lepor: to charm.

lepor lepos: charm, wit, elegance.

lepus: hare, rabbit.

Lesciense, monastery of: Liessies.

letalis: mortal, deadly, fatal.

letaliter: mortally, fatally.

letanie: litany.

lethargus: drowsiness, apathy, sleepiness, coma.

letifer: deadly, mortal.

letifer: death-dealing.

leto: to kill, slay.

letum: death, ruin, annihilation.

levamen: alleviation, mitigation, solace, refreshment.

levamentum: comfort, easing, alleviation, consolation.

levatio: alleviation, mitigation, solace.

leviculus: empty-headed, vain, silly.

levidensis: thin, slight, poor.

levis: [+ gen] unreliable.

levis: light, slight, trivial /beardless, bald /light-armed.

levis: rapid, swift /unimpotant /fickle, inconstant /unstable.

levitas: lightness, levity /fickleness, inconstancy /groundlesness.

leviter: lightly, softly, slightly.

levo: to raise, lift up /relieve, ease /diminish, weaken, impair.

levo: to smooth, polish.

lex: law.

lex legis: law, statute /covenant, agreement.

libatio: libation.

libellus: little book.

libens: with good will.

libenter: willingly, with pleasure.

liber: child, offspring.

liber libera, liberum: free, independent, unrestricted.

liber libri: book.

liberalis: courteous, generous, gentlemanly.

liberaliter: courteously, generously, honorably.

liberatio: release, liberation, aquittal, setting free.

libere: freely, openly, frankly.

libero: to lift (an obstacle), raise.

libero: to set free, deliver, liberate, release /exempt.

libertas: freedom, liberty, independence / frankness, candor.

libet: to be pleasing, agreeable.

libido: whim, caprice, violent desire, passionate longing.

libra: scales.

libramen: poise, balance.

libro: to launch, ponder.

licens: unimpeded, free, unrestrained, unchecked.

licentia: license, leave, authorization /freedom, liberty /licentiousness.

licentio: to authorize, permit, dismiss.

liceo: to be valued at, be for sale.

liceor: to offer a price, to offer to buy, bid, proffer, tender.

licet: granted that, although / it is allowed, one may or can.

licet: imper v., it is right, just.

licet: (as conj.) granted that, although.

licito: to sell.

licitus: permitted, allowed.

ligamen: string, thread.

ligatio: imprisonment, bondage, captivity, servitude.

lignarius: carpenter.

lignator: wood-cutter.

ligo: to bind, tie.

lima: file, polishing, revision.

limbus: band, girdle.

limen: limina: threshold.

limes: border, frontier.

limito: bound.

limus: mud.

lingua: language, tongue, speech.

linio: to besmear.

lino: to smear, befoul, dirty.

linquo: to forsake.

linteum: linnen, napkin.

liquidus: fluid, flowing, liquid / clear, evident, certain.

liquidus: limpid, liquid.

liquor: fluid.

litigatio: dispute.

litigiosus: contentious.

litigo: to [+ contra] dispute.

litigo: to quarrel, dispute.

litis: dispute, contention, fight, battle, fracas.

lito: to propitiate.

littera: letter (of the alphabet).

litterae: (pl.) letter, epistle, missive, note /literature.

livor: black and blue mark, malice, chastisement/punishment, bruises.

loci: (pl.) passages in literary works.

loco: to place, put, position.

loco: to assign, allot, grant, hire.

locuples: opulent.

locupletatus: enriched, endowed.

locupleto: to enrich, make wealthy.

locus: place, location, situation, spot. [monastery].

loginquitas: distance, remoteness, isolation.

longaminus: patient.

longe: far.

longe lateque: far and wide.

longinquus: remote, prolonged.

longitudo: length.

longus: long.

loquacitas: eloquence.

loquax: loquacis: talkative, loquacious, garrulous.

loquor: locutus: to say, speak, tell, declare.

lorica: hauberk [a coat of chain mail], a knight’s service.

lorica: leather cuirass.

loricatus: wearing armor, armored.

lorum: thong.

lubricus: oily, slippery, slick.

lucerna: lamp.

lucidus: -a-um, shining, bright, clear.

lucinaria: lamp.

lucror: to gain, profit, win.

lucrosus: profitable, gainful.

lucrum: gain, profit.

luctisonus: sad-sounding, mournful, baleful.

luctuosa: feeling sorrowful.

luctus: lamentation, mourning, grief.

luculenta: splendid.

lucus: thicket.

ludicer: playful, means arbitrary, capricious.

ludicrum: game.

ludio: ludius: actor, player.

ludo: lusi l: usum: to play, sport /imitate, banter /delude, deceive.

ludus: game, sport, school.

lues: plague, pestilence, calamity.

lugeo: to mourn, be in mourning, grieve/(tans,) to lament, bewail.

lugo: mourn.

lugubris: mournful.

lumen: light, lamp, lantern /light of day.

lumen: the eye /clearness /understanding.

luminare: luminaris: window shutter.

luminarium: light, lamp.

luminosus: bright.

luna: moon.

lunatus: crescent-shaped.

luo: to undergo.

lupus: wolf.

lustro: to survey, encircle.

Lutosensis: Leuze.

lutosus: miry.

lux lucis: light.

luxuria: luxury, extravagance, opulence.

luxus: debauchery, extravagance.

macellarius: butcher, slaughter-house.

macer: thin, lean.

macero: to soften, weaken, reduce, torment.

macies: thiness, gauntness /poverty barrenness.

macilentus: lean, thin, skinny.

macresco: to become lean, skinny, thin.

mactabilis: deadly, lethal.

macto: to magnify, glorify, honor /slay, fight, punish, afflict.

macula: stain, mark, spot/ blemish, fault, flaw.

maculo: to stain, blemish, defile, pollute.

maculosus: spotted, speckled, poluted.

madesco: to get wet.

madide: drunkenly.

madidus: wet, moist, soaked, boiled, soft, drunk, dyed, steeped.

mador maero: to grieve, sorrow.

maeror meror: mourning, grief, sorrow.

magalia: little tents.

magis: more, to a greater extent, rather, for preference.

magister: master, canon / master of a school, professor.

magister: instructor, teacher, schoolmaster.

magnificabiliter: splendidly, greatly, terrifically.

magnificentia: magnificence, splendor, eminence, magnanimity.

magnifico: to extol.

magnificus: eminent, splendid, magnificent.

magnopere magnus opere: very, very much.

magnus maior maximus: large, great, important.

magus: magical.

maiestas: majesty, dignity, greatness.

maiores: (pl.) ancestors.

major domus: «Mayor of the Palace,» chief steward.

majores: elders.

majores natu: elders.

mala: jaw.

Malbodiensis: Maubeuge.

male: peius: pessime: badly, ill, wrongly.

male: wickedly, with evil intent.

maledictio: curse, abuse.

maleficus: wicked, accursed, evil.

malefidus: faithless.

malens: preferring.

malevolens: malevolent, spiteful person.

malignitas: wickedness.

maligno: to contrive/do maliciously.

maligo: to do/contrive evil.

Malmundarium: Malmedy.

malo: to choose, prefer.

malo: mallui: malus: to choose, prefer.

malum: evil, misfortune, misdeed, crime, injury, damage.

malus peior pessimus: bad, wicked, evil.

mancipium: slave.

mancipo: to transfer, alienate, seize, catch, give up.

mancipo: mancepo: to sell formally, turn over, give into charge.

mandatum: order, decree, mandate, instruction.

mandatum: commission, charge, entrust.

mandatum: message, command.

mando: to commit, entrust, order, command.

mando: to send word, confide,.

mane: morning, early in the morning, early.

manentia: permanency.

maneo: to remain, stay, stay the night, last, endure, abide by.

manifesto: to make public.

manipulus: maniple.

mano: to flow.

mansuesco: to grow mild.

mansuetudo: mildness.

mansuetus: mild, soft, gentle.

mansurus: that which will endure, abide.

manus manus: hand, band, handwriting.

mara: marl [an earth rich in CaC, added to lime-deficient soils].

Marceniense: Marchiennes,.

Marcieniensis: Marchiennes.

mare maris: sea.

maritus: husband.

marmoreus: like marble.

maro: to apply marl to the soil.

martyr-yris: martyr.

martyrium: n, martyrdom.

mater matris: mother.

matera, mairia: ?vat, for the fermentation of beer.

materia: material, substance, matter.

matertera: maternal aunt.

matrimonium: marriage.

maxime: especially, particularly, principally.

maxime: greatly, exceedingly, to the highest degree, very.

me: (abl.) me /you’ll do fine with ME, baby.

me: (acc.) me /that old black magic has ME in its spell.

medicor: to heal, cure.

medicus: doctor, physician.

medie: moderately.

mediocris: ordinary, average, fair, moderate, mediocre.

meditatio: practice, preparation, getting ready.

meditatio: consideration, pondering.

meditor: meditatus: to reflect upon, consider, ponder /practice.

medium: everyday life, the common good, the public eye.

medius: middle, the middle of, central, midst.

mei: my, mine /MY heart belongs to daddy. that old gang of MINE.

mel mellis: honey.

melior: better.

mellitus: honeyed, sweet as honey.

membrana: thin skin, film, parchment, membrane, prepared skin.

memini meminisse: to remember.

memor: mindful, remembering, grateful, thoughful, prudent.

memoratus: mentioned.

memoria: memory, remembrance, recall, recollection.

mendiosus: full of mistakes, shot with errors.

mendosus: faulty, full of faults.

mendum menda: fault, blemish, mistake, error.

mens mentis: mind, thought, intention, intellect.

mensa: table.

mensis mensis: month.

merces mercedis: pay, reward, recompense, compensation.

mereo: deserve, gain, obtain, serve as a soldier.

mereo mereor: deserve, earn, be entitled to, merit.

meretrix meretricis: prostitute, whore, harlot.

meridianus: midday, afternoon, south.

messis: the harvest, in-bringing, crop.

messor: reaper, harvester.

mestitia: misfortune?.

Metim: Metz.

metuo: to fear, dread, be frightened.

metus: fear, dread, anxiety.

meus: my.

mica: crumb, morsel, grain /small loaf.

micans: twinkling, sparkling, shining, gleaming, flashing, glowing.

michina: nostril.

mico: glitter, gleam, shine, sparkle, flash, be bright.

mico: to serve /quiver, shake, palpitate.

mihi: (dat.) me /give ME land, lots of land.

miles militis: soldier, warrior, knight.

milia: (pl.) thousands.

militaris -e: of a soldier, military, martial.

militus: ground, milled (of grain).

mille: a thousand.

millies milies: a thousand times.

minae: battlements, parapets /threats, menaces.

minagium: duty of the sale of grain.

miniatus: damaged, diminished, lessened, decreased.

minime: in the least degree, very little/not at all, by no means.

minimus: least, smallest, slightest.

ministro: to serve, wait upon, provide, supply.

ministro: to attend, wait upon, assist.

minor: smaller, less, slighter.

minuo: to draw blood, let blood, to bleed (someone).

minuo minui minutum: To less, diminish, decrease, grow smaller.

minutor: miner.

miracula: miraculum: a miracle play.

miraculose: miraculously.

mire: wonderfully, mervellously, uncommonly.

mirifice: wonderfuly, marvelously, extraordinarily.

miro: to wonder.

miror: to marvel at, admire, wonder.

mirus: wonderful, astonishing, extraordinary.

misceo miscui mixtum: to mix, mingle, blend.

misellus: miserable, pathetic, wretched,.

miser: wretched, unfortunate, miserable.

miserabile: sadly, mournfully, wretchedly.

miserabilis: sad, wretched, mournful, plaintive.

miseratio: a fine, charge, tax, amercement.

misere: wretchedly, miserably.

misereo, misereor: to pity.

misericordaliter: mercifully.

misericordia: pity, mercy.

misericorditer: miserably, wretchedly, cruelly.

miseror: (+dative) to pity.

misfacio: to do wrong to, injure, hurt, harm.

missa: holy mass.

mitesco: to grow mild, ameliorate.

mitigo: to make mild or ripe, make smooth, pacify, appease.

mitis: mild, gentle /ripe, mature.

mitto: misi: missum: to send, dispatch.

moderamen: management, direction.

moderor: to guide, manage, mitigate, measure.

moderor: take with moderation, temper.

moderor: to moderate, diminish, direct, govern.

moderor: conduct, play an instrument

modeste: discreetly.

modestia: moderation.

modestus: orderly, within bounds, moderate, restrained.

modestus: moderate.

modica: moderate, within bounds, limited, undistinguished.

modicus: ordinary, undistinguished, within bounds.

modicus: scanty, meager.

modio: a grain measure, a bushel basket.

modius: peck, bushel.

modo: now, just now, only.

modo..modo: at one time .. at another.

modus: measure, bound, limit /manner, method, mode, way.

moenia: walls, fortifications of a city /ramparts /castle, fortress.

moenia: walls, walled town, city, mansion, dwelling.

moere: bemoan, moan.

moeror: grief, sorrow.

moestifer: sorrowful.

moestitia: sorrow.

Moguntium: Mainz.

moles: huge bulk, massive building, might.

moleste: take annoyance/ moleste fero I take annoyance.

moleste fere: to be vexed.

molestia: annoyalce, troublesomeness /stiffness, affectation.

molestus: troublesome, disagreeable, annoying.

molimen: an attempt.

molior: to build, erect, construct, contrive, toil, struggle.

molior: to attempt [+ inf.], struggle alone, strive.

mollio: to soften, make pliant.

mollis: soft, pliant, flexible, easily moved, gentle.

molliter: gently.

monachicus: monastic, liturgical.

monachus: monk.

monarchia: monarchy.

Monasteriense: Mnster.

monasterium: monastery, abbey, convent.

monastica: religious.

moneo: to warn, admonish, remind, advise, instruct.

monitio: admonition, warning.

monitum: admonition.

mons: montis: mountain, mount.

monstro: to show, appoint, point out, ordain, appoint, nominate.

monstro: to ordain.

monstrum: portent, omen, monster.

monstrum: portent.

Montensem: Mons.

monumentum: memorial or token of remembrance, remembrance.

mora: delay.

moratlis: mortal.

morbus: sickness, disease, illness.

mores, morium: ways, conduct, character, morals.

morior: to die, wither away, decay.

moror: to stay, remain, reside, linger.

morosus: capricious.

mors mortis: death.

morsus: a biting, bite, also, sting, pain.

mortalitas: the state of being mortal/ death, a dying.

mortifer: deadly, death-bringing.

mortifera: deadly things.

mortuus: dead, deceased, passed away, gone West, departed.

morulo: to linger.

mos: moris/ will, inclination/ custom, wont, usage, rule.

mos: manners habit, customs.

motus-us: m, motion (earth quake).

moveo moti motum: to move, arouse, affect, influence.

mox: soon, presently, then, thereupon.

mucro: a sharp point, edge, dagger point.

mucro: sword’s point, sword.

mugio: to groan, bellow, roar, low.

mugitus: bellowing.

mulceo: to soften up.

mulco: to damage.

muliebris: womanly.

mulier: woman.

multi: many, numerous /the common herd.

multicanus: harmonious.

multifariam: in many ways.

multifluus: copiously-flowing.

multigenus: varied, of many kinds.

multimodus: manifold.

multiplex: various, numerous.

multiplex: manifold, many-fold, many times / tortuous.

multiplicatus: multiplied.

multipliciter: in many ways, in various ways.

multis prosecutionibus: pursuing the matter many times.

multo: by much, by far, by a great deal, by a lot.

multo: torment, fine, distrain.

multum: much, greatly.

multus: ne multus: briefly, in brief.

multus: much, great.

multus plus plurimum: much, a lot.

mundo: to clean.

mundus: world, universe.

mundus: clean, neat, elegant.

munero/munerior: to give, present.

munia: tributes, gifts, payments.

munificator: bestower of gifts.

munifico: to present with something, «gratifier».

munificus: munificent, generous.

munimen: fortification.

munimentum: fortification, protection, defenses.

munio: to fortify, defend, protect /build a road.

munita: fortifications.

munitio: fortifying, defense works, bridging, fortification.

munitio: rampart.

munitus: fortified.

munus: muneris: service, office, function, duty /gift.

munus: gift, present, spectacle, function, tribute, service.

murmur: roaring, murmuring.

murus: barrier, defending wall.

mus: muris: mouse.

mussito: to grumble, mutter.

mutatio: change, alteration, transformation.

mutatus: altered, changed, become different.

muto: to change, alter /exchange.

muto: punish, fine, mulct.

mutuo: to borrow, procure.

mutuus: a loan. dare mutuum: to make a loan.

mutuus: interchanged, mutually, reciprocal / reciprocity.

mutuus: reciprocal, mutual.

naevus: fault.

nam: conj, for, for example, instance.

nam: but now, on the other hand /surely, for it is certain.

nam: namque: (conj.) for /for example, for instance.

nam: but now, certainly.

nam: for.

namque: for indeed.

Namucense: Namur.

narro: to make known, say, speak, narrate.

narro: to set forth.

nascor nasci natus: to be born, spring forth.

natalis natalis: birthday.

natio: nation, people.

natio nationis: nation, race, people, breed /pagan people.

nativitas: birth.

natu: (ab,sing.) by birth.

natura: nature.

nauta: sailor.

navale: ship’s station, dockyard.

navigatio: voyage, navigation.

naviger: ship-bearing.

navigium: navigation.

navigo: to sail, navigate.

navis navis: ship, vessel, boat.

navitas: energy, get up and go.

ne: (conj.) that .. not, in order that .. not, in order not to.

ne .. quidem: not .. even.

nebulosus: misty, foggy.

nec: conj, and not.

nec .. nec: neither nor.

nec tamen: and yet .. not.

necdum (neque dum): and not yet.

necessarius: necessary, needed, essential, necessary.

necessarius: needful, things needed.

necesse: (adj.) necessary, unavoidable, indispensable.

necessitas: need, exigency, unavoidability.

necne: or not.

necnon: and also.

neco: to kill, slay, put to death.

neco: to slay.

necto: to tie up, bind, fasten.

necto: to fasten together.

nefandus: abominable.

nefarius: execrable, impious.

nefas: wrong, sin.

neglectum: slight.

neglego: to disregard.

negligentia: carelessness.

nego: to deny, refuse a request, deny something to someone.

negotium: employment, business, task, occupation, pains.

negotium: pains, labor, task, pursuit.

nemo: no one, nobody.

nemorosa: shady.

nemorosus: wooded, covered with trees, forested.

nemus: tree, sacred grove.

neo: to spin, interweave. (to spin thread and yarn).

nepos nepotis: grandson.

nequam: worthless, good for nothing, bad.

nequam: vile.

nequaquam: by no means, not at all.

nequaquam: in no wise.

neque .. neque: neither .. nor.

neque nec: and not, nor.

nequeo: not to be able, to be impossible.

nequeo: not to be able.

nequequam: by no means, not at all.

nequiquam: fruitlessly, to no purpose.

nequiter: wretchedly, vilely.

nequitia: vileness.

nequitia nequities: worthlessness, badness, wickedness.

nescio: to be ignorant, be unaware, not know, be unkowing.

nex: violent death, slaughter, death.

nexus: fastening.

nichilominus: nevertheless.

nidor: vapor, smell, reek, odor.

niger: black.

nihil: (undeclinable) nothing.

nihildom: nothing as yet.

nihilominus: nevertheless.

nihilominus nichilominus: nevertheless, notwithstanding.

nihilum: nothing.

nimirum: of course, undoubtedly, certainly (sometimes ironical).

nimis: adv. too much, overmuch, excessively.

nimis: (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively.

nimium: (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively.

nisi: if not, unless, except.

nisus: exertion, endeavor.

niteo: to shine, glitter, be bright, glow, be sleek, flourish.

nitesco: to begn to shine /to grow fat or sleek.

nitesco: to begin to shine, grow sleek.

nitida: glittering.

nitidus: bright, shining /fat, sleek /flowering.

nitor: splendor, glow, elegance, brilliance, brightness.

nitor: to strive, exert oneself, make an effort, persevere.

nitor: to rest, lean, support oneself / trust in, depend upon.

nitor: brillance, brightness, glow, elegance, splendor.

nitor: to endeavor.

Nivellensem: Nivelles, city and monastery.

niveus: white, snowy.

nixor: to lean against /strive, strain, labor, struggle.

nixus: strain, effort.

no: -are: being done, made.

no: (nare, navi) to swim, float, fly, sail.

nobis: (dat.) us /the world belongs to US.

nobis: (abl.) us /there’ll be no one as happy as US.

nocens: bad, wicked, injurious, culpable, evil.

noceo: do harm, inflict injury.

noceo: (+ dat.) to do harm to, inflict injury, hurt.

noero: noro: to know.

nolens: unwilling.

nolo: nolle: nolui: to be unwilling, wish not to, refuse.

nolo: to to be unwilling.

nomen: name.

nomen Romanorum: Roman power.

nominatim: by name, expressly.

nomine tenus: nominally, in name.

nominor: to be renowned.

non: not.

non solum .. sed etiam: not only .. but also.

nondum: not yet.

nonnisi: not? not unless?.

nonnullus: some /pl. several.

nonnumquam: sometimes.

nonus: ninth.

norma: organization.

normalis: regular.

Northmanni: Normans.

nos: we /WE live and die by that creed.

nos: us /they tried to tell US we’re too young.

nosco: to become acquainted with, get to know.

noster nostra nostrum: our, ours.

noster nostri: our ours /OUR hearts beat as one.

noster nostri: our ours /that old dream of OURS.

nota: mark, token, note, sign.

notabilis: -e, noteworthy, notable, notorious.

notarius: stenographer (class.), notary, legal scribe.

notitia: knowledge. information, data, notes, annotations.

noto-are: make note, mark down.

notos: south wind.

nous: intelligence.

novem: nine.

novercalis: malevolent.

novitas: newness, novelty, strangeness.

novo: to make anew, refresh, revive, change, alter, invent.

novus: novel, unusual, extraordinary /news, novelty, a new thing.

novus: new, fresh, young, inexperienced, revived, refreshed.

nox noctis: night.

noxa: offense, crime.

noxialis: noxious.

nullatenus: in no wise.

nullus: not any, no, none.

numen: divine will.

numerus: total, category, class, number.

numquam: at no time, never.

nunc: now, at the present time, soon, at this time.

nunc quidem: at one time..then.

nuncupo: to call, proclaim.

nundinae: trade.

nunquam: never.

nuntio: to announce, report, relate.

nuntium-i: n, messenger.

nuntius: messenger, message.

nuper: newly, recently, not long ago.

nuptiae: wedding.

nuptialis: wedding.

nusquam: nowhere, on no occasion / nusquam esse — not exist.

nusquam: nowhere, in no place, nothing, for nothing, never.

nusquam esse: not to exist.

nuto: to falter in fidelity, give way to, waver in opinion, doubt.

nutrimens: food, nourishment.

nutrimentus: nourishment.

nutrio: to suckle, nourish, bring up, rear.

nutritor: toraise, feed.

nutus: a nod, command, will / gravitation, movement down.

nutus: a nodding, nod, command, will.

nutus: command.

obdormio: to fall asleep.

obduco: to draw over, cover/ lead against / pass, spend.

obductio: covering.

obduro: to be hard, persist, endure, last, hold out.

obedienter: obediently.

obedio: to yield obedience to.

obex: barrier.

obfirmo: to bolt, lock, fasten, bar.

obicio obieci obiectum: to offer, throw in someone’s teeth.

objurgo: to fight, attack, oppose.

obligatus: bound, under an obligation.

obliquo: to turn sideways, turn aside.

obliquus: slanting.

oblittero: to cancel, blot out.

oblivio: forgetfulness, oblivion.

obnixe: with all one’s strength, instantly.

obnoxius: harmful, hostile.

obnubilo: to overcloud.

obruo: to overwhelm, destroy.

obscoena: offensive, filthy.

obscurum: darkness.

obsequens: compliant.

obsequium: indulgence, pliancy, submission.

obsequium: obedience, indulgence.

obsequium funeris: funeral rites.

obses: (obsidis) hostage, security, pledge, surety.

obses: surety, hostage.

obsideo: to sit near /haunt, frequent /besiege, invest.

obsido: blockage, besiege, invest.

obstaculum: obstacle.

obstinatus: firm, resolved, staunch.

obstinatus: resolute.

obsto: to oppose, defend, stand against.

obsum: to hinder.

obtempero: to obey.

obtero: to bruise.

obtestor: to implore, entreat, beg, call as a witness.

obtestor: to assert.

obtineo: to hold, keep, possess, maintain /to continue.

obtineo: to gain.

obtutus: gaze.

obviam: (adverb) in the way, on the way, toward.

obviam: on the way, in the way /(+ dat.) towards, against.

obviam ire: (+ dat.) to go to meet, oppose /help, remedy.

obvio: to encounter, meet.

obvius: on the way, in the way / (in dat.) open, accessible.

obvolvo: to wrap up, cover,.

obvolvo: to muffle up.

occasio: favorable moment, opportunity.

occasio: opportunity.

occasus: setting (of the sun, etc)/ the west /fall, destruction.

occasus: sunset, west.

occatio: harrowing.

occidio: slaughter, massacre.

occido: occidi: occasum: to fall, fall down, (for the sun) to set.

occido: to kill.

occisor: murderer.

occludo: to close, shut up, close off.

occulco: to trample (down).

occulte: secretly, in secret, by stealth.

occulto: to hide, conceal, cover.

occultus: hidden, concealed /secretly.

occumbo: to fall, topple, drop /fall dead.

occumbo: to fall.

occupo: to take possession, grasp, seize, enjoy, get a start on.

occupo: to occupy, seize, appropriate, confiscate, commandeer.

occuro: to occur, come about, happen.

occurro: to occur / run to meet, attack /oppose, work against.

occurro: to go to meet, rush upon.

occursus: a meeting.

ocius: quick. fleet, sooner, faster.

oculus: eye.

odio: to hate, despite, hold in contempt, dislike strongly.

odium: hatred.

odorifera: fragrant.

odorus: keen scenter, sharp nosed.

oestrus: horse-fly, frenzy.

offa: lump, swelling /pellet, shot /mass of something.

offendo: to knock, hit, strike /shock, offend, displease.

offendo: stumble, lurch.

offendo: to displease.

offensio: striking, knocking, hitting against, blow.

offensio: cause of offense.

offensus: collision, shock /dislike, displeasure.

offensus: offense.

offero: to bring forward, place before, present, offer, expose.

officina: workshop, factor.

officiose: courteously, dutifully, solemnly, ceremoniously.

officiosus: respectful, attentive.

officium: duty, service, job, post, position, responsibility.

officium: office, obligation, duty.

olim: at that time, formerly, once, for a long time now.

olim: once, at a future time.

Olympus: heaven, home of the gods, height of eminence.

omitto: to let slip, lose, pardon.

omitto: to omit, leave out /let go.

omnifariam: in every way.

omnigenus: of all kinds.

omnimodus: universal.

omnino: altogether, entirely, wholly, certainly, completely.

omnipotens: all-powerful, almighty, omnipotent.

omnis: all, every.

oneratus: loaded.

onero: to load, burden, oppress, fil up.

onus: load, burden, weight, trouble / charge, public road tax.

onustus: burdened, laden.

opera: work, pains, labor.

operae pretium est: it is worthwhile.

operatio: work.

operor: to work, labor, toil, take pains.

operor: to be active, do.

opes: (pl.) means, wealth, abundance, riches, resources.

opimus: splendid.

opinio: opinion, report, rumor, conjecture, report.

opinio: rumor.

opinor: -atus, 1, dep. v, to be of the opinion of.

opisthotonos: A disease where the body is curved backward.

oporotheca: place for keeping fruit.

oportet: it is fitting, it is proper, reasonable, becoming.

oportet: imper v., to assume it shall be, reasonable, necessary.

oportet: it is proper, one should, one ought.

oportet: it is needful, it behooves.

oportunitas: convenience, fitness, advantage, opportunity.

oppidum: (fortified) town.

oppono opposui oppositum: to set against, oppose, be opposite.

opportune: (adv) opportunely, conveniently.

opportune: fitly.

opportunitas: fitness, suitability, convenience, advantage.

opportunitatus: Heriman, cap. 42.

opportunus: fit, suitable/ (time) favorable /(+dat.) liable to.

opportunus: opportune, fit, convenient, suitable.

opportunus: meet.

opprimo: to subdue, overpower, press against, take by surprise.

opprimo oppressi oppressum: to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check.

opprobrium: reproach, disgrace.

oppugno: to fight against, attack, assault, assail.

oppugno: to war with, storm.

ops: singular: power, power to aid, power to help.

ops: assistance, treasure, wealth, fortune.

optatus: longed-for.

optimates: the aristocratic party.

optimates: magnates, great lords, the best people, the upper class.

optime: as best one can.

optimus: one of the best, aristocrat, noble.

opto: to desire, wish for, want.

opto: to wish for.

opulens: rich, wealthy / powerful, mighty / splendid, sumptuous.

opulente: opulenter: richly, wealthily.

opulentia: riches, wealth / power, might / opulence, splendor.

opulentia: wealth.

opulentus: wealthy, splendid.

opus: deed, labor.

opus operis: work, labor, work done, completed work, building.

opusculus: a little or small work, a small book.

ora: edge, rim, border, boundary / coast, coast-line.

ora: region, clime, district, country / residents of a district.

ora: sea-coast.

oraculum: a solemn statement, oracle, prophecy, words of a god.

oratio: speech, address, oration.

oratio: prayer.

orator: orator, speaker. spokesman, envoy, ambassador.

oratorie: oratorically.

oratorius: oratorical / oratory.

oratu: (abl.sing.m.) by request.

orbis: circle, orb, ring, disk, orbit, coil/ round / rotation.

orbis: world, circle.

orbis lacteus: the Milky Way.

orbis signifer: the Zodiac.

orbis terrarum: the world, the Earth.

orbita: a wheel rut.

orbitas: bereavement, loss of children, loss of parents.

orbus: deprived of children or parents, orphan / deprived, destitute.

orbus: destitute.

orca: a pot or jar.

orchas: orchadis: a type of olive.

orchestra: theater space reserved for the Senate / senators.

orcus: the Lower World, whale.

ordinarius: according to order, regular, ordinary.

ordinatim: regularly, ordinarily.

ordinatio: rule, government, order, arrangment, regulation.

ordinatus: arranged, orderly.

ordine, ordinem: regularly, appropriately, properly.

ordino: (-are) to set in order, regulate, arrange, appoint, govern.

ordior: ordiri: orsus: to begin, start (esp. of speaking).

ordo: rank, class, order.

orexis: appetite, desire.

organum: instrument, musical instrument.

orgia: a festival of mysteries, orgy.

orichalcum: copper ore / brass.

oriens: rising, the rising sun / east / morning.

Orientales: Easterners.

origo: originis: origin, start, source, beginning / ancestor.

orior: rise, become visible, appear.

orior: to be born / to be a consequence or result of something.

orior oriri ortus: rise, become visible, appear.

oriundus: arising from, springing from, coming from.

oriundus: born.

ornamentum: weapons / honor, distinction.

ornamentum: equipment, kit, trappings / furniture / decorations.

ornamentum: accoutrement.

ornata: adorned.

ornate: splendidly, ornately, elegantly.

ornatus: dress, attire, equipment, ornament, embellishment.

ornatus: to adornment.

orno: to equip, furnish, supply / decorate, adorn.

ornus: mountain ash.

oro: to speak, argue, plead, orate, beg, entreat.

orsa: orsorum: beginning, start, undertaking / first few words.

orsus: a beginning, undertaking, initiative.

ortus: -us, m, birth, origin, rising / origin, source.

oryx: origis: gazelle, wild goat.

oryza: rice.

os: ossis: (n) a bone.

os: oris: face, countenance, sight / expression.

os: oris: mouth, opening, source / a mask.

ostendo: -ere-di sum, to show, to exhibit.

ostium: entrance, door.

otium: free time, leisure, ease, peace, repose.

ovanter: exultingly.

ovis ovis: sheep.

pacifice: peaceably.

pacifico: to pacify, make peace, reconcile.

pacificus: peace-making.

paciscor: to make an agreement, covenant, pact.

paciscor: to make a bargain or agreement, covenant, deal.

paciscor: to barter [away].

pactum: treaty, pact, contract.

pactum: agreement, contract, covenant, pact.

pactus: agreed-upon, stipulated, betrothed.

paecipio: to warn, admonish /teach, instruct.

paene, pene: nearly, almost.

paeniteo: to rue, cause to grieve, be repentant, repent.

paganus: countryman, peasant, pagan.

pagatim: in vilages, in a village manner, in a rusticway.

pagenses: inhabitants of a district, country-folk, peasants.

pagus: district, countryside, rural portions of a civitas.

pala: spade, peel for putting bread in the oven.

palaestra: training, wrestling-place.

palam: openly, publicly, (+abl.) in the presence of.

palea: chaff.

palestra: gymnasium, wrestling school.

palificare: make evident.

paliurus: a plant, Christ’s thorn.

pallens: pale, wan, pale yellow, pale green /weak, drooping.

palleo: be pale, be yellow.

pallesco: (+ acc.) grow pale at.

palliata: cloaked.

pallidus: pale, wan; causing paleness.

pallium: coverlet, mantle, cloak.

pallium: covering, monk’s garb, nun’s veil, mantle.

pallium: stole, any drapery.

pallor: paleness, fading.

palma: palm.

palma: glory, prize, award for victory, salvation.

palmarium: excellent, splendid, outstanding.

palmula: blade of an oar.

palor: (dep.) to wander, stray, err.

palpito: throb, tremble, shake.

palpo: carress, stroke /coax, cajole, flatter.

palpo: to feel one’s way.

paludosus: swampy, marshy, boggy.

palus: pale, stake /swamp, bog, marsh.

palus: stay.

palus: paludis: marsh, reed.

paluster: marshy, swampy, boggy.

pando: to stretch out, spread out, extend.

pando: to make known, publicize, make patent.

pandus: curved, crooked, arched, bowed.

pango: to fix, hammer in, drive in, fasten.

pango: to pledge, agree upon.

panis: (-is) bread.

pannosa: tattered.

pannus: rag, patch, piece of cloth.

pannus: swaddling clothes.

panthera: leopard, panther.

panton: everything.

papas: tutor.

papaver: poppy.

papilla: teat, breast, nipple.

pappo: -are; to eat.

papula: a pimple.

par: equal, like.

paratus: prepared, ready, equipped; (of persons) skilled.

paratus: preparation, fitting out, equipment.

parce: moderately, economically.

parcius: scarcely.

parco: (with dative) to spare, refrain from injuring.

parco: (+inf.: to forebear to), avoid, spare, keep oneself from.

parco: to spare, refrain from.

parcus: sparing, thrifty, economical, moderate.

pardus: panther, leopard.

parens: parentis: parent.

parentela: kin.

parentes: relatives, parents.

pareo: (+ dat.) to be obedient to, obey.

pareo: to submit.

paries parietis: wall (of a house).

parilis: similar, like, equal.

parilitas: equality, level to make fit.

pario: to spawn.

pariter: alike, at the same time, together.

pariter: likewise, equally, in like manner, as well.

paro: to prepare, get ready/ set, put/ furnish, supply/ buy.

pars: partis: part, share /direction.

pars: side, region.

particeps: partaker, partner, sharer, comrade.

partim: partly /some.

parum: too little, too few, not enough.

parum minus minime: (adv.) little, too little, not enough.

parumper: for a short time, for a little while, for a bit.

parumper: for a moment.

parvulus: child, infant, young, little /very small, tiny.

parvus minor minimus: small, little.

pasco: to graze, forage, browse.

passer: sparrow.

passim: adv. far and wide, everywhere.

passim: scattered about /indiscriminately.

pastor: shepherd.

pastus: pasture.

patefacio: to disclose, expose, open, make open.

patella: dish, platter, plate.

pateo: to be open, be exposed.

pateo: to be revealed, to stand open, to be clear, plain.

pater: patris: father.

paterna: of a father, paternal, native.

paternus: of a father, paternal, native.

patesco: to be laid open, bare, exposed, to be revealed.

patibilis: endurable, bearable, sufferable.

patiens: patient /(+ gen.) capable of enduring.

patiens: long-suffering.

patienter: patiently.

patientia: patience, suffering, endurance.

patientia: forbearance.

patina: a dish.

patior: to suffer, endure, permit.

patior: to suffer, be afflicted with.

patria: fatherland, one’s native country, homeland.

patria: fatherland.

patricius: a nobleman.

patrius: handed down from one’s forefathers.

patrizo: to take after one’s father.

patro: to effect, perform.

patrocinium: patronage.

patrocinor: to protect, defend, support, patronize.

patronus: patron, protector.

patruus: paternal uncle.

patulum: a space, court.

pauci: few, a few, some.

paulatim: gradually, litle by little.

paulisper: for a little while, for a short time.

paululum: very small, very little.

pauper: poor, with few means, poverty-stricken.

pauper: beggar, person without means.

paupertas: beggardry, poverty, humble circumstances.

paveo: to dread.

pavidus: dreadful as in producing fear, quaking as in feeling fear.

pavio: to tread down upon.

pavor: quaking, dread.

pax: harmony in musical context.

pax pacis: peace.

pax pacis: peace, truce, treaty.

peccamen: sin, fault, error.

peccatus: sin.

pecco: to do wrong, err, sin, go astray.

pecto: to comb, card, thrash (to card wool).

pectus: pectoris: heart, breast.

peculium: a bit of money, a small property.

pecunia: money.

pecuniosus: rich, wealthy profitable, lucrative.

pecus: a single head of cattle, especially a sheep/ a herd.

pecus: pecudis: single beast, head (of cattle).

pecus, pecoris: herd of cattle.

pedes: going on foot, walking /foot-soldier, infantryman.

pedis: foot-soldier.

peior: worse (see malus).

pelagus: main, open sea.

pellax: seductive.

pellis: pelt .

pello pepulli pulsum: to hit, beat /exile, drive away, banish.

peloris: a clam.

pelvis: font.

pendeo: to hang, depend, be suspended /be uncertain, undecided.

pendo: to weigh, value, consider, judge, esteem.

penetrabilis: capable of being penetrated / penetrating, piercing.

penetralis: (noun) interior, inner rooms.

penetralis: passing through, penetrating / internal, inner /.

penetranter: deeply, penetratingly, searchingly.

penetro: to put into, pass through, penetrate.

penetro: to go against, attack, enter, penetrate .

penicullus: a painter’s brush, pencil, stylus.

peniculus: a sponge, brush.

penintentiarius: confessor, penintentiary.

penis: tail.

penitens: (penitentis) a penitent.

penitentia: penance.

penitio: to do penance.

penitus: inward, inner, internal, interior.

penitus: (adv.) inside, widely, through and through, completely.

penitus: (adverb) accurately, thoroughly, wholly, entirely.

penna: feather, wing.

penna: feather.

pennae: wing.

pennatus: winged, with feathers.

penniger: winged, with feathers.

pennipes: wing-footed, swift, fleet.

pennipotens: capable of flight.

pennipotenti: birds.

pensator: distributor.

pensilis: hanging.

pensio: a weighing out / paying, payment, rent / day of payment.

pensito: to weigh carefully, weigh out / pay.

pensito: to ponder, consider, think over.

penso: to weigh out / estimate, ponder, consider / pay, purchase.

pensus: paid out, valued.

penuria: penurium: lack, want, penury.

penuriosus: penurious, poor, poverty-stricken.

penus, us: provisions, supplies, victuals.

peplum: robe of state.

per: (prefix to an adjective) very, excessively, quite.

per: (+ acc.) (of time) throughout, during, in the course of.

per: (+ acc.) (of space) through, along, over / in the presence of.

per: (+ acc.) (cause) because of, on account of.

per: (+ acc.) (means/instrument) through, with, by, by means of.

per antea: before, formerly.

per moenia urbis: inside the walls of the town.

per sic quod: on condition that, with the understanding that.

pera: wallet, purse, bag.

peractio: completion, finishing, end.

peracto: to carry through, complete, accomplish.

peraeque: quite equally.

peragito: (-are) to harass, push around.

perago: (legal) to prosecute to the end.

perago: (-ere) to harass, disturb / mention / complete, accomplish.

perago: to to go through with, accomplish, finish.

peragro: to wander through, travel through.

peragro: to search through, traverse.

percello: to smite, strike with consternation, excite.

percipio percepi perceptum: to gain, learn, perceive, understand.

percontor percunctor: inquire, interrogate, investigate.

perculsus: a shock.

percunctor: to interrogate.

percutio (percussum): to strike hard, pierce, transfix /shock.

percuto: to affect deeply.

perdignus: very worthy.

perditio: loss, destruction.

perditio: ruin.

perdo: to lose, destroy.

perdo: to destroy, ruin, waste, scatter, squander.

perdo: to ruin, lose.

perduco: to lead through, conduct, carry through.

perduco: to guide.

perduco: perduxi: perductum: bring through, spread over.

peregrinus: wanderer, foreigner, stranger / pilgrim, crusader.

perennis: everlasting, uninterrupted.

pereo: to pass away, be destroyed, perish.

pererro: to ramble over.

perfectus: complete, finished, done /perfect, without flaw.

perfero: to bear, suffer, endure.

perfero: pertulit: to endure, undergo.

perficio: to accomplish, perfect, complete, achieve, effect.

perficio: perfeci: perfectum: to do thoroughly, accomplish, bring.

perfidia: treachery, faithlessness.

perfidia: treachery.

perfidiosus: treacherous, faithless.

perfidus: treasonous.

perflo: to blow through or over.

perfringo: to break through, penetrate /shatter.

perfruor: to execute completely, enjoy to the full.

perfundo: to drench.

perfusus: steeped, soaked, drenched.

pergo: to continue, proceed, go on with.

pergo: to proceed, pursue.

periclitatus: put in peril, endangered.

periclitor: to test make a trial, put in peril, endanger.

periculosus: hazardous, dangerous.

periculum: danger, risk.

periculum: risk, danger, destruction.

perimo: to slay.

perimo peremi peremptum: to destroy.

peritus: skilled, expert.

peritus: skilful.

periurium: perjury, oath-breaking, foreswearing an oath.

perjuro: to break an oath.

perlabor: to slip through.

perlustro: to pass through, survey, look, examine.

permaneo: to stay to the end, last, endure.

permaximum: the very greatest.

permeo: to pass through.

permeo: to traverse.

permetior: to measure, traverse.

permitto: permissi: permissum: to allow, permit, let.

permitto: to suffer, allow.

permoveo: to excite, agitate, stir up, move.

perniciosus: pernicious, destructive.

perorno: to greatly adorn.

peroro: to speak from beginning to end.

perosus: hateful.

perpendo: to weigh carefully.

perperam: wrongly, falsely.

perpes: never-ending.

perpetior: to endure.

perpetro: to complete, accomplish, perform.

perpetuus: perpetual, lasting, continuous, uninterrupted.

perpetuus: unbroken.

perquiro: to make a diligent search for, examine.

perscitus: very clever, exceedingly sharp.

perscribo: to write out, write down, place on record.

perscrutor: to search through, examine.

perseco: to cut through, dissect, cut away.

persentio: to feel deeply.

persequor: to persecute, hunt down, track, trail.

persequor persequi persecutus: to follow, pursue, take revenge.

perseverantia: perseverence, persistence.

perseverantia: steadfastness.

persevero: to persist, persevere, continue.

persevero: to to abide by strictly, continue steadfastly, continue.

persisto: to persist, persevere.

persolvo: to unloose, explain, expound /pay off a debt, pay.

persolvo: to render, discharge.

persona: [medieval] one holding an honor, official, magnate.

persona: actor’s mask, part, role /character, personality.

personam gero: to act a part.

perspicax: penetrating.

perspicuus: transparent, bright, clear, evident.

perspicuus: clear.

persto: to persist, remain firm.

perstruo: to construct.

persuadeo persuasi persuasum: (+ dat.) to persuade.

perterreo: to terrify.

pertimesco: to become very much afraid.

pertinacia: firmness, obstinacy, stubborness.

pertinaciter: stubbornly, obstinately.

pertinax: persistent, firm, mean, stubborn, obstinate.

pertineo: to pertain to, relate to, concern.

pertingo: to stretch out, extend.

pertorqueo: to twist, distort.

pertraho: to drag, forcibly conduct, entice, allure.

perturbatio: passion.

perturbo: to disturb, trouble, perturb, disrupt.

perturpis: very disgraceful.

peruro: to burn up.

peruro perussi perustum: to burn up, consume /inflame, gall, chafe.

pervalidus: very strong.

pervasor: invader.

pervenio: (+ acc.) to reach, attain, reach, be passed to.

pervenio: to come to.

perversa: corrupt, awry.

perverto: to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow.

pervicax: determined.

pervideo: to look over, survey, inspect, discern.

pervigil: ever-watchful.

pervium: thoroughfare.

pes pedis: foot.

pessimus: worst (see malus).

pessum: to the ground, to the bottom, downward.

pessum dare: to destroy, ruin, wreck.

pessum ire: to sink, be ruined, destroyed, be put to an end.

pestifer: pestilential, injurious, damaging, plaguey,.

pestifer: baleful, destructive, mischievous person.

pestifere: destructively, injurously.

pestilencia: pestilence, plague.

pestis: destruction, pestilence, curse.

pestis pestis: plague, epidemic, pestilence /destruction, curse.

petitus: inclining toward.

peto: to make for, go to, seek, strive after.

peto: to ask for, beg, request, demand / to sue for.

peto: to make for, seek out, relate to.

petrosus: rocky.

petulans: wanton.

phalangula: small host.

phalanx: host, band of warriors.

phalerae: trapping for foreheads and breasts of horses, ornaments.

phaleratus: bridled, harnessed, bearing arms.

pharetra: a quiver.

phasma phasmatis: ghost, spirit, specter.

philologus: scholar, learned man / adj. learned, literary.

phitonicum: Herimann p. 275.

Phoebus: sun.

phthisis: consumption, tuberculosus.

phylacterium: amulet.

physiologus: a natural science.

pia pium: honest, godly, holy, pious, dutiful, patriotic.

piaculum: a victim, sacrifice, atonement, punishment /a sin, crime.

piaculum: sin.

pica: jay, magpie.

picea: the spruce tree.

pictor: painter.

picturatus: painted / of cloth, embroidered.

picus: woodpecker.

pie: adv, piously, religiously, dutifully.

pietas: compassion, dutifulness, kindness.

pietas: dutifulness, dutiful conduct, piety, devotion, kindness.

piger pigra pigrum: lazy, slow, dull.

pignus: gage, collateral, surety, pawn.

pignus: pawn, pledge, token, (in pl.) persons in pledges of.

pilo: to shave, sut the hair.

pilosus: hairy, covered with hair.

pilum: heavy javelin.

pilus: a single hair /a trifle.

pinetum: pine wood.

pingo: pixi: pcitum: to paint, embroider, draw.

pingo: stain, dye /decorate.

pinguesco: to grow fat, sleek.

pinguis: fat, oily, rich, sleek, /fertile.

pinguitudo: fatness, rotundity.

pio: to purify with sacred rites.

piper, piperis: pepper.

pipio: to chirp, tweet, pipe.

pirum: pear.

pirus: pear tree.

piscator: fisherman.

piscis: fish.

pius: pious, dutiful, compassionate, respectful, gracious.

pius: dutiful, godly, holy, upright, kind, honest, affectionate.

placatus: appeased.

placeo: (+ dat.) to please, be agreeble to.

placet: it is agreed, it is resolved, it seems good.

placide: quitely, gently.

placidus: quiet, still, gentle.

placitum: judgment, case/ plea, litigation / defense.

placitum: conference, meeting, negotiation.

placitum: accord, agreement, pact /assembly for judgment.

placo: to placate, appease.

plaga: district, zone, region.

plaga: a blow, stroke, wound, buffet,.

plaga: blow, buffet, slap.

plaga: plague (Vulgate), affliction, scourge.

plagatus: wounded.

plagiarius: kidnapper, plagiarist.

planctus: wailing.

plane: plainly, clearly.

plango: to beat ones breast.

plango: planxi: planctum: to strike, beat /bewail, mourn.

planta: plant, shoot, sprout, twig, sprig.

plantarium: nursery, nursery garden/ sole of the foot.

planto: to set in place, make, form, shape/ plant, fix in place.

planum: level ground.

plasmator: maker.

plasmo: to mould.

platea: street, courtyard.

plaustrum: wagon, cart, Charles’ Wain, the Big Dipper.

plebeius: common.

plebs: populace, lower classes, the mob.

plebs: the common people, the masses, the crowd.

plecto: to punish.

plecto aliquem capite: * suffer capital punishment, death.

plector: to be punished.

plectrum: lute.

plene: (adv.) completely, wholly, fully.

plenus: filled, laden.

plenus: full, complete, full, satisfied, rich, mature, plump.

plerumque: for the most part, generally, commonly, mostly.

plerusque: very many, a great number, a large part, the greater part.

plico: to fold.

plorabilis: deplorable.

ploratio: lamentation, mourning, weeping.

plorator: a lamenter.

ploratus: weeping, lamenting.

ploro: to lamen, weep, weep over.

pluit: pluvit: it is raining, a shower is falling.

pluma: feather /featherbed /pen.

plumbeus: leaden, made of lead /dull, stupid, heavy, opressive, bad.

plumbum: lead, a bullet, lead pipe.

plumbum album: tin.

pluo: to rain, shower, sprinkle.

plura: more numerous, several, many.

plures: more numerous, several, many.

pluries: often, frequently.

plurimi: at the highest price, of the highest worth.

plurimus: most, very many.

pluris: (gen.) at a higher price, of a great value.

plus: more.

plusculus: somewhat more, rather more.

pluvia: rain, shower.

pluvialis: pertaining to rain, of rain.

pneum: breath.

pocius: = potius.

pocius potius: rather, preferrably.

podagra: gout.

poema poematis: poem, verse, rhyme.

poena: pain, punishment, penalty /poena dare: to pay the penalty.

poeta: (masc.) poet.

polenta: pearl barley, barley groats.

pollen: fine flour, fine meal. (also pollis ).

pollens: strong, mighty.

polleo: to be rich in.

polleo: to be strong, powerful, able.

pollex: thumb, big toe.

polliceor: to promise, offer.

pollicitas: offering.

pollicitatio: promise.

pollicitus: promised, a promise.

polluo: to defile.

polus: pole, heavens.

pomum: fruit, apple.

pondera: balance, equilibrium.

pondero: to weigh, consider, reflect.

pondus: a pound’s weight /weight, mass, load /heavy body.

pondus: weight, weight of character, firmness, constancy.

pono posui positum: to lay, place, put, set /(milit.) post, station.

pons: bridge, drawbridge.

pons pontis: bridge.

pontifex: bishop.

pontus: bridge.

poposco: see posco; Herimann, cap. 28, 69.

populatio: devastation, wasting /population.

populi: people.

populus: people, the people, nation, crowd, multitude, host.

populus: popular.

populus: populace, laity.

porro: forward, further, next, in turn, (of time) long ago.

porta: gate, entrance.

portus: harbor.

posco: to call upon, ask ernestly, request.

posco: to beg.

positus: position, place, arrangment.

positus: situated.

possessio: possession, property.

possessiones: holdings.

possideo: hold, abide.

possum: to be able, to be capable.

possum posse potum: to be able, avail, have influence.

post: (+ acc.) after, behind.

post modum: afterwards, presently, shortly.

post tergum: [left] behind.

postea: afterwards.

posteri: posterity.

posteritas: succeeding generations, offspring, posterity.

posterus, postremo: subsequent, following, next, future.

posthabeo: to put after, consider of less account, [posthabito].

postpono: to put after, consider secondary.

postquam: (conj.) after.

postquam: after/: [+ subj.] because.

postulatio: a demand, request, desire /complaint.

postulativus: plaintive.

postulator: plaintiff, complainant.

postulo: to complain /contain, measure /need, require.

postulo: to ask, demand, require /summon, prosecute, impeach, try.

potens: mighty, able, mighty, powerful, strong.

potentia: might, power, authority.

potentia: [political/diplomatic power] influence.

potestas: power, ability, authority /opportunity.

potestas: legal competence.

potior: (+ gen. or dat.) to possess, hold, get possession of.

potior: to [+ abl] obtain.

potissimum: (adv.) chiefly, most of all.

potissimus: best of all, chief, principal.

potius: comp. adj, in order that, rather.

potius: rather, preferably.

practicus: active.

prae: pre: (prep. with abl.) before, in front of.

prae dulcis: pre dulcis: exceedingly sweet.

prae pre: (adv.) before, in front.

prae quam: pre quam: in comparison with.

prae se ferre / pre se ferre: to show, exhibit, on account of.

praebalteata: girded.

praebeo: prebeo: (+ refl.) to show oneself, present oneself.

praebeo: to offer.

praebeo: prebeo: to offer, hold out, supply, provide, allow.

praecautus: on one’s guard.

praecaveo: to take precautions.

praecedo: precedo: to precede, go before /surpass, excell.

praecedo: to precede.

praecedo: praecessi: praecessum: to go, result.

praecellens: distinguished, excellent.

praecello: to preside over, be distinguished.

praecelsus: very lofty.

praecelsus: precelsus: exceedingly high.

praecepio: precepio: precept, preconception.

praeceps: precipice.

praeceptum: preceptum: instruction, injunction, command, precept.

praecidentius: cautiously.

praecido: to cut short, lop, mutilate.

praecingo: to gird, encircle.

praecipio: precipio: to instruct, advise, warn, anticipate.

praecipitium: headlong fall.

praecipito: cast down headlong.

praecipo: to instruct.

praecipue: especially, chiefly.

praecipue: adv, especially.

praecipue: particularly.

praecipuus: extraordinary, subst: chief.

praeclarus: excellent, famous, beautiful, striking.

praeconium: laudation.

praeconor: preconor: to be a public crier, to herald, proclaim.

praecox: precox: ripe beforehand, premature.

praecursor: forerunner.

praeda: preda: plunder, booty, spoils of war, loot, gain, prey.

praeda: booty.

praedatio: taking of booty.

praedatus: taking of booty.

praedestino: to determine beforehand, predestine.

praedicare: to preach.

praedicatio: preaching (s), foretelling (s), condemning.

praedico: predico: to warn, admonish, instruct, foretell.

praedico: to fix in advance.

praeditus: well endowed.

praedium: estate.

praedor: to plunder.

praeduco: to put before.

praeeo: to lead the way.

praeeo: preeo: to go before, precede /to say in advance /to order.

praefatus-i: m, before mentioned.

praefero: prefero: to carry in front, display, prefer.

praefero: prefero: anticipate, carry by, ride by.

praeficio: preficio /prefeci prefectum: to put in charge of.

praefinio: prefinio: to appoint ahead of time.

praefoco: prefoco: to choke, suffocate.

praegravo: pregravo: to press heavily upon, weigh down, oppress.

praeire: to go before.

praejudicium: damage.

praejudico: to decide beforehand ie plan.

praelabor: to glide past, translated as transient.

praelibo: to taste beforehand.

praelior: to do battle.

praelium: battle.

praelium facio: to join battle.

praemitto: to send forward, dispatch, send in advance.

praemium: reward, exploit -.

praemium: premium: reward, prize/ booty /profit.

praemo: premo: to press down, strike down.

praemoneo: to forwarn.

praemunio: to secure.

praeniteo: to gleam especially.

praenuntio: prenuntio: to foretell, announce before hand.

praenuntius: prenuncius: foretelling, harbinger, omen, token.

praeoccupor morte: to fall prey to death.

praeopto: to desire more or much.

praeparo: preparo: to prepare, ready, make ready, arrange.

praepedio: to hinder.

praepes: nimble.

praepono: prepono: to set over, prefer.

praepositus: manorial agent, steward, bailiff, prior.

praepositus prepositus: (monastic) prior.

praeproperus: preproperus: over-hasty, precipitate.

praesagio: to prophesy.

praesagium: presentiment.

praesagus: prophetic.

praescio: to foreknow.

praesentia: presence, presence of mind, effect, power.

praeses: guard.

praesidium: garrison troops, assistance, aid.

praesidium: guard, garrison, detachment /protection.

praesieo: praesedi: praesedere: to sit before, preside, command.

praestans: prestans: excellent, distingished, imminent, superior.

praestantia: prestantia: superiority, excellence.

praestigiator: impostor.

praesto: [+ subj clause] to be better, preferable.

praesto: to furnish, offer.

praesto: to stand before, be outstanding, excell, surpass, show.

praesto presto: to answer for, be responsible for.

praesto presto: to do, perform, display, fulfill, offer, present.

praestolatio prestolatio: the waiting for, expectation.

praestolor: to wait for, stand ready.

praestringo: to bind fast.

praesul presul: dancer /presider, protector, director.

praesum: v, to be before.

praesum: to be set over, preside over have charge of.

praesum presum: to be at the head of, be in charge of.

praesumo: to trust, venture, dare.

praesumo presumo: to anticipate, take for granted.

praesumptio: audacity.

praeter: adv, beyond, after.

praeter: adj., except; prep. + acc., besides, beyond, more than.

praeterea: adv, besides, moreover, as indeed it is.

praeterea: preterea: besides, further, hereafter.

praetereo: pretereo: to pass over, pass by, omit.

praeteritus: preteritus: past.

praetermissio: pretermissio: neglect, passing over, omission.

praetorgredior: pretergredior: to pass betond, go beyond.

praevalens: very powerful.

praevaleo: to prevail, have power.

praevalesco: to grow very strong.

praevalida: very powerful.

praevaricor: to transgress.

praevenio: to come before, anticipate.

praevenio: to get the start of/ to forestall, prevent, hinder.

praevideo: to take precautions.

praevius: previous, former.

prandio: to eat lunch.

prandium: dinner, lunch.

pratum: meadow, hay-field.

pratus: meadow.

pravitas: crookedness, depravity, deformity, perversity.

pravus: depraved, wicked, evil, perverse.

precatus: prayer, beseeching.

precipio: to anticipate, instruct, advise, warn.

precipue: especially, particularly, chiefly.

precipue: chiefly, especially, particularly.

precipuus: excellent, distinguished, special, extraordinary.

precor: to beseech, pray, beg, entreat, invoke.

prehendo: to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest.

premo: squeeze, press down, strike down.

premo: to weigh down, stifle, overwhelm.

premo pressi pressum: to squeeze, press down, strike down.

prenda: booty, loot, stolen goods.

preoccupo: to attack first, take, vex, occupy.

preoccupo: to block, prevent, frustrate.

prepositus: reeve, steward, provost, prior, abbot.

presertim praesertim: especially, chiefly.

presso: to conceal.

pretereo: to go by, pass by, escape.

pretium: price, vaue, reward.

prevenire: to come to, go before hand, attend.

prex: entreaty.

prex precis: request, entreaty, prayer.

pridem: in time past.

primaeva: youthful.

primitus: first, for the first time.

primo: first, at first, at the beginning, at the start.

primordia: atoms.

primordium: first beginning, origin.

primoris: first, foremost, at the top, uppermost.

primoris: first, foremost /most distinguished, first.

primum: quam primum: as soon as possible.

primum: at first, for the first time, in the first place.

primus: chief.

princeps: * leader, prince, preeminent person, magnate, prince.

principatus: rule, dominion, pre-eminence, first place.

principium: beginning.

principor: to rule.

prior: prius: former, prior.

priores: um: forefathers, ancestors.

priscus: ancient, antique, former, old days, venerable.

pristinus: former, venerable, ancient.

prius: before, formerely.

priusquam: (conj.) before.

privatus: private, unofficial, a private person.

privatus: deprived, released.

privigna: step-daughter.

privo: to rob, deliver, deprive.

privus: (with gen.) deprived of.

pro: (+ abl.) in front of, before /on behalf of, for.

pro: (+ abl.) in return for, instead of /for, as.

pro eo: because of the fact, because, for this reason.

proavus: great-grandfather.

probabilis: credible.

probabiliter: with credibility.

probatur: from probo-are, to judge, test, examine.

probatus: approved.

probitas: probity, uprightness, honesty.

probitas: liberality.

probo: to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find good, judge.

probrum: reproach, abuse.

probus: upright, liberal, generous.

procax: brash.

procedo: to go ahead, proceed, advance, continue.

procedo: to go out, come out /result, prosper /turn out well.

procella: storm, tempest, gale; (milit) charge, onset, wave.

procella: tempest.

procellosus: tempestuous.

procer: chief noble, prince.

proceres: prelates, chiefs, magnates.

proceritas: height.

procerus: tall.

processus: procession, progress.

procido: to fall prostrate.

procinctu: prepared or ready for battle.

proclivia: slopes.

proclivus: inclined, ready.

procreo: to beget.

procul: far, at, to, from a distance.

procuratio: management, administration, diretion, supervision.

procurator: manager, bailiff, agent.

procuro: to take care of, manage.

prodeo: to advance, go forward, appear, go forth, sally forth.

prodico: to put off, delay.

prodigentia: profusion, prodigiality.

prodigialiter: amazingly, wonderfully.

prodigiosus: unnatural, wonderful, miraculous, amazing.

prodigium: prodigy, portent / monster, unnatural thing.

prodigo: drive forth, waste, spend, expend.

prodigus: rich, extravagant, abound in, profuse.

prodigus: lavish.

proditio: betrayal, treason.

proditio: treason, betrayal.

proditor: traitor, betrayer.

proditus: treachery.

prodo: deliver, transmit, hand over, disclose.

prodo: publish, bring forth, appoint /abandon, betray.

prodoceo: teach, inculcate, indoctrinate.

prodromus: forerunner.

produco: to bring into the world.

producto produxi productum: promote, divulge, bring to light.

producto produxi productum: produce, bring forward, bring out.

proeliator: warrior.

proeliator preliator: fighter, warrior, combatant.

proelium: battle.

profano: profane, desecrate.

profano: to violate.

profanus: not sacred, uninitiated, ordinary, common, impious.

profanus: wicked.

profectio: departure, source, origin.

profectio: departure.

profecto: truly, really, indeed.

profectus: advance.

profero: to enlarge, extend/ delay, postpone.

profero: to carry out, bring forth/ advance, impell/cite, mention.

profero: to reveal, proffer.

professio: monastic profession of vows/ oath of canonical obedience.

professio: monastic rule.

professio: declaration, profession/ trade, art, craft, profession.

professor: authority, expert.

professorius: authoritative.

professus: having professed monastic vows.

proficio: advance, assist, help, aid, be of use.

proficio: to make progress, advance.

proficio: to go on, be advantageous, accomplish.

proficiscor: to depart, set out, to start forward, to arise.

proficiscor: to travel, march.

proficuus: proficiscor: to start forward, set out, depart, arise.

profiteor: to confess (one’s sins), to take a monastic oath.

profiteor: to declare publicly, profess.

profiteor: to make a public statement / to declare oneself.

profiteor: to acknowledge, confess / offer, promise.

profor: profari: profatus: to speak out.

profugus: fleeing, fugitive, banished, migratory.

profundo: profui: profusum: to pour forth, gush, stream.

profundum: a depth, abyss, chasm /the sea.

profundus: deep, profound, high, thick, dense, boundless.

profusius: profusely.

profuturus: beneficial.

progagus: offspring.

progener: husband of a grand-daughter.

progenero: to produce, engender.

progenierum: from generation to generation.

progenies: descent, lineage, progeny, offspring, descendants.

progenitor: founder of a family, ancestor.

progenitus: descended.

progigno: progenui: progenitum: to engender, bring forth.

prognatus: born, sprung from /son.

progredior: to go forth, advance, proceed, go out.

progredior: to march forward.

progressio: advance, progress, increase.

progressus: advance, going forward, increase, a royal circuit.

proh: ah!.

prohibeo: to prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit, forbid.

prohibeo: to hold back, withhold, restrain.

prohibitio: prohibition, restrain, forbidding.

proicio: to throw forth, fling, abandon.

proinde: consequently, therefore, as a result.

proinde quasi: proinde ac si: just as if.

proinde ut: proinde quam: just as.

prolabor: to slide forward, slip forward, fall forward, fall down.

prolapsio: a slipping or sliding.

prolatio: a bringing forward, mentioning /extension /deferring.

prolato: to enlarge, lengthen, extend /put off, defer.

prolecto: to entice, allure.

proles: offspring, descendants, posterity, (plants: fruit).

proles: descendant, progeny.

proletarius: a citizen of the lowest rank.

prolicio prolixi: to lure forth, entice.

prolix: long, stretching.

prolixus: wide, broad, long / willing, obliging, favorable.

proloquium: assertion, utterance.

proloquor: to speak out, declare openly.

proluo prolu prolutum: to wash away, wash clean.

prolusio: preliminary exercise, prelude.

proluvier: innundation /scouring /discharge.

proluvies: overflowing.

promereo: promereor: to deserve, merit.

promereor: to earn.

promerita: deserving.

promeritum: desserts, merit, credit.promissio: a promise.

prominens: jutting out, standing out /a projection.

promineo: to stand out, jut, extend.

promisce: promiscue: indiscrimately.

promiscus promiscuus: mixed, indiscriminate /commonplace, usual.

promissio: a promise.

promissor: a promiser, suretor, guarantor.

promissum: promise, offer.

promitto: to let go forward, send forth, promise, undertake.

promitto: to let go, send forth, undertake, promise.

promitto: to put forth, make a promise, oath.

promitto: engage oneself, promise,.

promo prompsi promptum: to produce, disclose, bring forth.

promontorium: peak, mountain crest, ridge, promontory.

promoveo promovi promotum: push forward, move ahead, advance.

prompte: promptly, resolutely, readily.

promptu: in promptu esse: to be ready, to be easy, to be clear.

promptu: in promptu habere: to have read, display, have on show.

promptu: in promptu ponere: to make clear, reveal, disclose.

promptus: ready at hand, visible, apparent.

promptus: (persons) prepared, resolute, prompt.

promptus: ready, inclined to.

promulgatio: publication, promulgation (of a law).

promulgo: to publish.

promus: steward, butler.

promutuus: (cash) advanced, prepaid, arragned beforehand.

pronepos proneptos: great-grandson.

pronuntio: to proclaim, announce, declaim.

pronus: stooping.

propago: to extend.

propago-are: to spread, propagate.

propalata: made public, publicized.

propalo: to make public.

prope: near, nearly, not far from, just now, closely.

prope: near, near to, not far, not long from now.

propello: to drive before one, drive away.

propense: readily.

propero: to hasten, speed, move rapidly, come quickly.

propero: to hasten / accelerate, speed up.

propero: to hasten.

propino: to set before one.

propinquitas: intimacy, nearness, closeness.

propinquo: (intrans) to come near, draw near, approach.

propinquus: near, close, similar, nearly related.

propinquus: kinsman.

propitius: favorable, gracious.

propitius: gracious.

propono: display, publish, relate, tell, propose, promise.

propono: to design, point out.

propositio: proposal, proposition.

propositum: a design, purpose, scheme, theme of discourse.

propositum: intention, declaration.

proprie: exclusively, particularly, peculiarly. properly.

proprietas: ownership.

proprius: one’s own, permanent, special, peculiar.

proprius: characteristic, particular.

propter: (+ acc.) near, close, on account of, because of.

propugnaculum: tower, fortification, rampart, defense.

prora: prow.

prorsus: forward, straight ahead, to sum up, utterly, wholly.

prorsus: utterly.

proruo: to tumble down.

prosapia: family, stock.

prosequor: to pursue.

prosequor (prosecutus): to attack, go with, pursue, attend.

prosilio: to spring up, burst forth.

prosper: favorable, fortunate, lucky, prosperous.

prosper: propitious.

prospera: good fortune.

prosperitas: propserity, good fortune.

prosperitas: success.

prospicio: to look into the distance, contemplate.

prospicio: to see from a distance, prosper, propitious.

prosterno: to knock down, cast down /destroy, ruin.

prosterno: to overthrow, prostrate.

prosum: (with dat.) to be useful, do good, benefit.

prosum: to benefit.

prosum (profuturus): to be useful, of benefit, do good.

protego: to protect.

protelo: to lead.

protendo: to stretch out.

protense: extensively. .

protero: to tread under foot, trample.

proterus: wanton.

protestor, protesto: to declare in public, affirm, bear witness.

prothonotario: protonotary.

prothoplastus: the first man.

protinus: forward, further on, continuously, immediately.

protraho (protractus): to draw out, rpotact, defer, make known.

prout: as, just as, according to.

provectus: aged, old, advanced in years.

provectus: advanced, advanced in age.

proveho: to carry on, carry forward, advance, promote,.

proventus: a growing up, increase, crop, yield, or issue.

provida: prudent.

providentia: providence, foresight, prudence.

provideo: to foresee, provide, make provision for.

providor: caretaker.

provisio: forethought.

provisor: one who provides for, or against.

provolvere se: to throw oneself down, abase oneself.

provolvo: to fall down at another’s feet.

proximus: nearest, closest, next.

prudens: prudent, wise.

prudens: discreet, sensible, judicious.

prudenter: wisely, discreetly.

prudenter: discreetly.

prudentia: foresight, wisdom, discretion.

prudentia: practical judgment, discretion.

prurigo: to itch.

psallo: to sing Psalms of David, psalmodize, sing.

psallo: to play/sing to stringed instrument, esp. cithara.

pubertas: manhood.

pubes: young men, signs of manhood.

pubesco: to reach the age of puberty.

publicus: of the people, public, open to all.

puchre: beautifully, finely, handsomely.

pudendus: shameful, disgraceful.

pudeo: to be ashamed,.

pudet: it causes shame.

pudicus: modest. chaste.

pudor: modesty, bashfulness.

pudor: ignominy,.

puella: girl.

puer: boy.

puerilis: childish, boyish, folish, foolish.

pueriliter: boyishly, childishly, foolishly.

puga: pyga: buttocks.

pugna: fight, battle, conflict, set-to.

pugnacitas: the desire to fight, pugnacity.

pugnaculum: fortress.

pugnator: combatant.

pugnax: fond of fighting, combative, stubborn, contntious.

pugno: to fight.

pugnus: the fist.

pulchellus: pretty.

pulcher pulchra pulchrum: beautiful, handsome, fine, fair.

pulchritudo: beauty, fineness.

pulex: the flea.

pullulo: shoot up, sprout, burgeon.

pullulo: to increase, spread.

pullus: young animal /chicken, chick.

pullus: dark-clorored, blackish /sad, gloomy / a dark garment.

pullus: young.

pulmentum: anything eaten with bread, sauce or relish.

pulmo: the lung.

pulpa: flesh.

pulpitum: platform, stage.

pulsatus: touched, struck.

pulso: to strike (the hours).

pulso: to strike, touch.

pulsus: beating, blow, push, impulse, influence.

pulverulentus: full of dust.

pulvis: dust, powder /arena, scene of action.

pumilius pumilio: a dwarf.

punctum: a prick, little hole, puncture /a point, spot, place.

pungo: to sting.

pungo pupugi punctum: to penetrate /sting, annoy, harrass.

pungo pupugi punctum: to prick, puncture, stab /touch, move.

puniceus: purple, red.

puniceus: reddish.

punio: to punish, avenge, gave vengeance.

punitor: punisher, avenger.

pupa: doll /little girl.

pupillus: orphan, minor.

pupillus pupilla: orphan, ward.

puppis: stern of a ship, the poop.

pupula: pupil of the eye.

purgamentum: rubbish, trash, filth, sweepings.

purgatio: cleaning out, cleansing /excsuing, justification.

purgo: to clean, cleanse, purify/ clear away, wash off/ justify.

purpura: purple dye, purple cloth /high rank, emperorship.

purpureus: brilliant, purple-colored.

purus: pure, free from, spotless, without stain.

purus: spotless.

pusillus: tiny, puny /petty, mean.

pusillus: insignificant, very small.

pusio: lad.

putator: pruner.

puteo: to stink, be redolent, smell bad.

puter: rotten, decayed, putrid /loose, crumbling /flabby.

putesco: to putrefy, day, rot.

puteulanus: blue.

puteus: well, pit.

puto: to clear, settle up, consider, think, believe, suppose, judge.

putus: pure, unmixed, unadulterated.

pyropus: bronze.

pyus pyxidis: a little box, casket.

qua: (fem. sing. abl.) (the abbess) BY WHOM she was advised.

qua: (adv.) by which route, where.

quadra: dining table.

quadraginta: forty (Indecl.).

quadratus: square, a square.

quadrigae: four-horse team.

quadrivium: second stage of the medieval curriculum.

quadrivium: crossroads, place where four roads meet.

quadrum: a square.

quadruplator: an exaggerator, informer.

quadruplor: to be an informant.

quae: (neut. plur. nom.) WHAT cannot be avoided must be endured.

quae: (neut. pl. acc.) those things WHICH we must have.

quae: (fem. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (women) WHO have ears to hear .

quae que: (fem. sing. nom.) (the milkmaid), WHO loved a prince.

quaerito: to seek/look earnestly for.

quaero: quero: to seek, search for / ask, enquire, search for.

quaero: quero: to miss, want / seek to know / obtain, get.

quaero: to plan, search, procure.

quaero: to seek, search for, get, obtain.

quaesitio: quesitio: investigation, interrogation.

quaeso: queso: to seek for, ask for, beseech.

quaestio: questio: seeking, searching /inquiry, investigation.

quaestio: judicial investigation.

quaestuosus questuosus: profitable, fond of gain, rich.

quaestus questus: profit, a source of profit, gainiing, getting.

qualis: of what kind? of the kind that.

qualiscumque: of any kind whatever, any whatever.

qualislibet: of what sort you will.

qualitas: quality, property, nature.

qualiter: just as, in whatever manner/way.

quam: (fem. sing. acc.) (the church), WHICH the Lord loved.

quam: (adv. and conj.) how, than, as .. as possible.

quam plures: as many as possible.

quamdiu: such a long time.

quamobrem: for which reason, on which account, why.

quamobrem, quam ob rem: wherefore? why? for which reason.

quamquam: though, although.

quamquam: nevertheless, and yet (beginning a sentence)/ though.

quamtotius: ? completely, all.

quamvis: adv/conj, ever so much.

quamvis: (conj) however much, although/ as much as you like.

quando: (interr.) when si quando: if ever.

quandoque: adv, of one time or another.

quandoquidem: since, because.

quanti: for how much, at what price.

quanto: by how much (+ comp. adj. or adv.).

quantocius: quantotius: the sooner the better.

quantocius: quantotius: as quickly as possible.

quantum: how much?, how much!, as much as.

quantum: adv, regard to, as much as, the more, the greater.

quantum: (+ gen.) as much of .. as.

quantum in me est: as much as in me lies.

quantus: how great?, how great!, how much, as great as.

quantus: how great, as great as.

quantus .. quantus: as great as, as much as.

quantuscumque: quantacumque: quantumcumque: however great.

quantuslibet: as much as you will, as great as you will.

quantuvis: as great as you please, however great.

quapropter: wherefore.

quare: wherefore, why, because of which thing.

quartus: fourth.

quarum: (fem. pl. gen.) their envy and jealousy, OF WHICH we know.

quas: (fem. pl. acc.) the fates, against whom he struggled.

quasi: as if, just as, just as if, as it were /a sort of.

quassatio: a shaking.

quasso: to shake violently, shake to pieces, break, shatter.

quasso: to batter.

quatenus: in order that.

quatenus: quatinus: how far, to what extent, where, seeing that.

quatenus/quatinus: since, as, in order that, that.

quater: four times /again and again.

quattuor: four (indecl.).

quem: (masc. sing. acc.) (the man), WHOM the king struck.

quemadmodum: how? /just as, lust like.

quemadmodum: how, in what manner.

quendam: a certain (one, thing, someone).

queo: to be able.

quercetum: an oak grove, and oak forest.

quercus: oak tree.

querela: querella: complaint, complaining, accusation.

queribundus: complaining, plaintive, whining.

querimonia: complaint, accusation, a charge in court.

queritor: to complain excessively, whine, gripe.

quernus: oaken.

queror: to complain, lament, bewail (dogs) whine, whimper.

querulus: complaining, whining, lamenting.

questus: complaint, lament.

qui: quae: que: quod: which, what, that.

qui: (masc. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (men) WHO have eyes to see..

qui: (masc. neut. nom.) (the prince) WHO loved a milkmaid.

qui: (question) how? in what way? / somehow / wherewith.

quia: because.

quianam: why?.

quiane: why?.

quibus: (neut. pl. abl.) the arms WITH WHICH he won Rome.

quibus: (neut. pl. dat.) the crimes FOR WHICH he was executed.

quibus: (masc. pl. dat.) the monastery IN WHICH he was intered.

quibus: (masc. pl. abl.) his sons, BY WHOM he was attacked when old.

quibus: (fem. pl. abl.) the beards, BY WHICH the pirates were known.

quibus: (fem. pl. dat.) the good fortune, TO WHICH he owed his crown.

quicquid: whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all.

quicum: with whom, with which.

quicumque: quaecumque: quodcumque: whatsoever, anything that.

quicumque: etc.: all that.

quicumque: etc,: any (one, thing, etc.) available.

quid: (question) what (thing)?.

quid: (+ genitive) how much? how many?.

quid ita: why so?.

quidam quaedam quedam quidam: a certain person or thing / a kind of.

quidem: indeed, certainly, at least/ ne .. quidem: not .. even.

quidem: adv, in truth, certainly, at least, indeed.

quidne: (question) why not?.

quies: quiet, rest, peace / a resting place / sleep / a dream.

quies: repose.

quiesco: to rest, sleep, be at ease / stop (doing something).

quiete: quietly, calmly.

quiete: calmly, undisputably.

quieto: to become calm.

quietus: resting, sleeping, undisturbed / neutral / quiet, calm.

quilibet: anyone, anything, whatever (or whomever) you like.

quin: but come now, rather, indeed,.

quin: (with verbs of hindering, etc.) «without + participle».

quin: [+ subj.] rather, let, verily.

quin etiam: why even, in fact, moreover.

quin etiam: yea, indeed.

quinam quaenam quenam quodnam: which? what?.

quindeciens: fifteen times.

quingenti: five hundred.

quinquagesimus: fiftieth, a fiftieth part.

quinque: five.

quinquennis: five years old.

quinquiplico: (-are) to multiply by five.

quinymo quinimmo: no, rather.

quippe: certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course.

quiris: curis: a spear.

quiritatio: a scream, cry, shriek.

quirito: (-are) to scream, cry out.

quis: (question) who?, what?, which?.

quis: anyone, anybody, anything.

quislibet: anybody, whom you will, all, any.

quisnam, quidnam: who, what.

quispiam: anyone, anything / someone, something.

quisquam: anyone, anything.

quisque: each one, each person.

quisquiliae: quisquiliarum: rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse.

quisquis: whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all.

quo: to which place, to what place, whither, where.

quo: (neut. sing. abl.) (the eagerness) THROUGH WHICH he died.

quo: (masc. sing. abl.) (the money) BY means of WHICH he lived.

quod: (neut. sing. acc.) (the sea), WHICH you cannot drink dry.

quod: (+ comparative) the x the better (quod celior = the faster the.

quod: (beginning sentence) and, but, now.

quod: (neut. sing. nom.) (the war), WHICH killed so many.

quod: (with time) since, as far as, to the extent that.

quod: because, whereas, the point that, the fact that.

quod sui juris est: what is one’s by right.

quodammodo: in a certain way, in a certain measure.

quomodo: in what manner, how/ in whatever way, somehow.

quondam: formerly, once, at one time, ertswhile.

quondam: former, one-time, deceased, late.

quoniam: since, whereas, because.

quoque: also, too.

quorum: (masc. pl. gen.) the army, half OF WHICH was ill.

quorum: (neut. pl. gen.) dangers, OF WHICH there were not a few.

quos: (masc. pl. acc.) those WHOM he accused of treachery.

quot: how many, as many (indecl.).

quotiens: often.

quotienscumque: however often.

quovis: to whatever place you will.

rabidus: raging, crazy.

rabies: madness, fury, frenzy.

rabies: frenzy.

rabiose: savagely, furiously.

radicitus: by the roots, utterly.

radio: beam.

radix: source, root, foundation.

rapina: ravishment, rapine, robbery.

rapio: rapui: ratum: to seize, snatch, carry away.

rapio: to ravish, steal, rob.

raptor: ravisher, thief.

rare: thinly, rarely, uncommonly.

rarus: rare, uncommon /far apart /thin, scanty.

ratio: system, manner, method, procedure, manner.

ratio: reckoning, account /reason, judgment, consideration.

ratio: procedure, theory.

rationabiliter: reasonably.

ratis: vessel.

re vera: in truth.

rebellis: rebellious, rebels.

rebello: to wage war against, rebel.

reboare: to resound like celestial thunder.

recedentia: retreat, ebbing, disappearance / distant, far.

recedo: retire, withdraw.

recedo: to go back, retreat, retire, disappear.

recedo: to fall back, pass away, depart.

recenseo: to recount, review.

recessus: a going back, retreat /place of retreat, quiet place.

recidivus: returning, restored, rebuilt.

recipero: to receive, accept, withdraw, take back.

recipero: to regain, revive, restore.

recipio: recepi: receptum: to go back, retire, recede, retreat.

reciproca: reverberating.

recito: to read aloud, recite.

recognosco: to recognize, recollect, recall.

recolitus: venerable, honorable, worshipful.

recolligo: gather, regather, flock together.

recolo: to recall, reflect upon, rework, resume, rehabilitate.

recolo: to cultivate, work again, resume, rehabilitate.

recolo: to consider, recall, comtemplate.

reconcilio: to restore, repair / (of persons) unite, reconcile.

recondo: lay up, store, hoard.

recoquo: recast.

recordatio: recollection, memory, recall.

recordo: to be mindful of, recollect .

recordor: to remember, think of, recollect, ponder over.

recreo: to revive.

recro: to recreate, restore, revive.

rector: guider, leader, director, ruler, master.

rectum: virtue, right.

rectus: right, correct, proper, upright, natural, plain.

rectus: straight, appropriate.

recubo: to recline, lie.

recuperatio: recovery, recuperation.

recupero: to regain, recoup, recover.

recuso: to refuse, decline, reject, be unwilling.

recuso: to refuse.

redarguo: disprove, refute. with gen. prove guilty, convict.

redarguo: to confute.

reddo: to give back, restore, return /answer, translate, render.

reddo: to repeat, recite, represent, imitate, pay up, deliver.

reddo: to impart, render, return, hand over, surrender.

redemptio: ransoming, redemption, buying back, farming taxes.

redemptor: redeemer (Christ).

redeo: to go back, come back, return /(revenue) to come in.

redeo: to be reduced to, fall back upon.

redeo: to fall back upon, be reduced to, be brought to.

redigo: (redactum) to bring or reduce to a condition, lessen.

redigo: to bring back, make, reduce.

redimio: to crown, bind around, encircle, surround.

redimo: to redeem, ransom, buy back /hire, buy, procure.

redintegro: to repair, fix, restore.

reditus: return /income, revenue /reward.

redivivus: rennovated, reconstructed, rebuilt /recycled.

redomo: to break, tame [again].

redono: to give back, give up.

reduco: to lead back, bring back, return.

redundantia: overflowing, redundancy.

redundo: to overflow, stream over, overflow, excess, flood.

redux: one brought back from imprisonment.

refectorium: refectory, monastic mess hall.

refer: to recount, recite, announce, allege, report, reply.

refercio: to stuff, cram.

refero: to bring as expected, pay up, deliver.

refero: to say back, reply, answer.

refero: to carry back, bring back, return.

refero: retuli: relatum: to bring back a message, refer.

refero: to put down, enter (in a register) /assign to a cause.

refero: to bring again, restore, repeat, echo, reproduce, recall.

refert: (impersonal) it concerns, it makes a difference.

refertus: stuffed, crammed.

reficio: to repair, fill.

reformo: to form again, re-establish, mould anew.

refoveo: to cherish again, refresh, warm.

refragatio: resistance.

refreno: to check, rein in.

refrigerium: consolation.

refugium: refuge.

refulgo: to shine brightly.

refundo: to infuse.

refuto: to repel, repress, oppose.

regalis: of a king, royal, regal.

regenero: to be born again.

regimen: rule, guidance.

regina: queen.

regio: region.

regius: royal, regal.

regno: to reign, rule, predominate.

regnum: rule, authority, kingdom, realm.

rego: rexi: rectum: to guide, govern, direct, to rule.

regredior: to march back, retreat, return.

regressus: retreat.

regula: rule / monastic rule.

relatio: to report.

relatus: recital, report.

relaxo: to loosen, enlarge, relax, ease, lighten.

relego: relegi: relectum: to read again, re-read.

relevo: to lift again, lighten, alleviate, relieve.

relictus: someone having inherited, been bequeathed.

relictus: left behind.

religio: fear of God, way of life, esp of monks/nuns.

religiosus: god-fearing.

relinquo: to leave behind, bequeath/abandon, forsake.

reliquum: remainder, what is left, leavings.

relucesco: to become bright again.

reluctor: to struggle against, resist.

remandatum: reply.

remando: to notify in return, send back word, respond.

remaneo: to remain behind, stay, continue.

rememdium: cure, remedy, nostrum, medicine.

remeo: to return home, return.

remigium: oar, rowing.

reminiscor: to recall.

remitto: to forgive, send back.

removeo: to draw back, set aside, take away.

remuneror: to repay, reward.

remuneror: to repay.

remunio: to refortify.

reniteo: to flash.

renovatio: renewal, renovation, restoration.

renovo: to revive, renew, restore, repair, repeat.

renuntio: to declare, announce, report, give notice.

renuo: to deny, refuse, reject.

reor: to think, suppose, decide.

reparo: to restore, renew, make good /buy, purchase, obtain in trade.

repecto: to comb back.

repedo: to go back.

repello: to drive back, repel.

rependo: to ransom, pay back, requite.

repens: sudden, unexpected, fresh, recent.

repente: suddenly, unexpectedly.

repentina: sudden, unexpected.

repere: to crawl.

reperio: to get again, find, ascertain, invent, find again.

reperio: to meet with, devise, hit upon, discover, find.

repetitio: repetition.

repeto: to fall upon again, repeat, demand repeatedly, return.

repeto: to seek again, ask back, recommence.

repeto: to return to, begin again, deduce, recall, recollect.

repleo: to replenish, fill up, fill up again, fill, satisfy.

repletus: filled, full.

replico: to reflect upon, withdraw.

repo: repsi: reptum: to creep, crawl.

repono: to deposit, lay up, store / requite.

repraesento: to display, hurry on.

reprehendo: to blame, reprove, refute, hold back, check, catch.

reproba: -ae, false.

reprobabilis: comtemptible.

reprobo: reject, disaprove, condemn.

repromitto: to promise in return, promise again.

repugno: to make resistance.

repungo: to prick, goad.

repuo: to reject.

reputo: to reckon, reflect upon, impute, think, judge.

reputo: to believe, suppose.

requies: repose.

requietum: repose, rest.

requiro: to ask for, look for, demand, desire, miss.

requiro: to seek, hunt for.

res: thing, object, being, matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance.

res: occurrence, deed, condition, case.

res publica: commonwealth, state, republic, public business.

res rei: thing, matter, busines, affair.

resarcio: to repair, mend, patch.

reseco: to cut back, cut short, diminish.

reseco: to cut loose, intransitive: to depart.

resero: to reveal.

reservo: keep back, hold back, reserve /keep, preserve.

resideo: to abide, be left behind, sit up.

resipisco: to recover one’s senses, become reasonable.

resisto: to resist, halt, withstand, make a stand, oppose.

resisto: to resist, halt, withstand.

resolvo: to enfeeble.

resono: to resound, [+ acc] make resound with,.

resonus: resounding.

respectus: regard.

respergo: [resperi, respersum] to sprinkle, splash.

respicio: to look back, provide for, respect, have regard for.

respicio: to turn attention to.

respiratio: respiration, exhalation.

respiro: to breathe /breathe again /recover /decline, diminish, ebb.

respondeo: respondi: responsum: to answer, reply, respond.

responsal: deputy, representative.

responsiva: a written reply, answering letter.

respublica: state.

respuo: to refuse, cast off, reject.

restauro: to restore.

restio: rope-maker.

restituo: restore, put back, replace, reinstate, repair.

restruo: to restore.

resumo: to recover, renew, repeat, resume.

resupinus: lying on one’s back.

resurrectio: f, resurection, awakening, renewal.

retardo: to impede, slow down, obstruct.

retendo: to slacken, unbend, become flexible.

retineo: to hold back, restrain, detain, keep, maintain.

retineo: to remember, not let go, keep, affirm.

retracto: to reconsider, undertake again.

retraho: retraxi: retractum: to draw back, pull back.

retribuo: to give again, give as due.

retrogradior: to go backwards.

retrudo: to thrust back.

retundo: to check.

reus: defendant, accused, answerable, bound.

reus: culprit.

revello: to violate, pluck away.

revenio: to come back, return.

revera: in reality.

reverbero: to repel.

reverens: reverent.

reverenter: with awe, respectfully.

reverentia: awe, reverence.

revereor: to stand in awe.

reverto: to go back, return, revert.

revertor: reverti: reversus: to return, come back.

revoco: to call back, recover, refer, revoke.

revolvo: to unroll a book, go over again, repeat.

revolvo: to reflect upon, brood.

rex regis: king.

rhetor: rhetorician, teacher of rhetoric.

rhetor: orator.

rhetoricus: rhetorical.

rideo risi risum: to laugh at, laugh.

ridiculum: n, ridiculous.

ridiculus: facetious, laughable.

riginta: (indecl.) thirty.

rigor: stiffness, hardness, sterness.

rimor: to examine, explore, investigate, root up.

risus: laughter.

rite: duly.

ritus: ritual, usage, ceremony, rite.

rixa, rixatio: quarrel.

rixor: to wrangle.

robur: strength.

robustus: hardy, robust.

rogo: to ask, ask for.

rogo eum ut +subjunctive: to ask someone to do something.

ros: moisture.

rostrum: bill of a bird, beak.

rota: wheel.

rotensus: extensive.

roto: to turn round like a wheel, rotate, turn, go around.

Rotomagense: Rouen.

rotundus: wheel-shaped, round.

rubor: redeness, blush, modesty, shame, disgrace.

rudimentum: trial, attempt, essay.

rudis: clumsy, rude, raw, rough, uncultivated.

rudo: to bellow, roar.

rufus: red, ruddy.

ruga: a wrinkle.

rugio: rumble.

ruina: downfall, destruction.

ruinosus: falling down, going to ruin.

rumex: sorrel.

rumino: to chew the cud, ruminate.

ruminor: to ruminate upon.

rumor: hearsay, rumor, gossip.

rumpo: rumpi: rumpus: to break, shatter, interrupt.

rumpo: to rupture, annull, violate.

runa: a dart.

runco: to thin out, weed, cull.

ruo: rui: rutum: to rush, fall, be ruined.

ruo: to rush, tumble down.

rursus: on the other hand, in return, back, again.

rus: ruris: the country, countryside, rural area.

rustice: (adv) boorishly, in a peasant manner.

rusticus: rustic, rural /peasant.

ruta: bitterness, unpleasantness, the herb rue.

rutila: a spade, shovel.

rutilus: red, golden, auburn.

rutilus: shining.

sabbatum: sabbath.

sacculus: purse, little bag, little sack.

sacer: sacred, accursed.

sacramentum: oath, sacraments, sacred rites.

sacrificum: sacrifice.

sacrilegus: sacrilegious, impious.

saecula saeculorum: to all eternity, without end, lifetime, age.

saepe: sepe: hedge, fence, enclosure, haye.

saepe: sepe: often, frequently, repeatedly.

saepenumero: repeated, again and again.

saepio: to hedge in.

saepius sepius: often, frequently, repeatedly.

saeptum: enclosure.

saeta: hair.

saeta equina: horse-hair.

saevio: to rage, be furious, take violent action.

saevio: to vent one’s rage, rage.

saevus: furious.

sagaciter: wisely, accurately, sagaciously.

sagino: to fatten.

sal: salis: salt, wit.

salsus: salty, witty.

saltem: at least, at all events.

saltem: adv, at least.

salubris: advantageous.

salubriter: advantageously.

salus: health, safety, well-being, salvation /salutation.

salus: safety, help or assistance/ health, wellness, wholeness.

salutifer: salvation-giving.

saluto: to wish well, greet, visit, reverence, pay respect to.

salutor: visitor, caller.

salveo: to be well, be in good health.

salveo: to be well.

salvifico: salvo: save, except for.

salvus: unhurt, safe, sound.

sanctifico: to sanctify, make holy.

sanctimonia: purity, charity, virtue, sanctity, sacredness.

sanctimonia: moral purity.

sanctimonialis: nun, sister.

sanctio: ratification, saction, ordinance.

sanctio: to ratify, hallow, render inviolable or irrevocable.

sanctus: holy, sacred, /saint.

Sanctus Egidius: St. Gilles.

Sanctus Eleutherius: St. Eligius.

Sanctus Rodoenus: St. Ouen.

sane: (adverb) rationally, soberly /really, indeed.

sane: rationally, sensibly, really, indeed, to be sure.

sanitas: health, soundness of mend, sanity.

sanna: mocking grimace, mockery.

sano: to heal.

Santiago: st. james.

sanus: sound, healthy, sane.

sapiens: wise, judicious.

sapiens: (subs.) a wise man, philosopher.

sapienter: wisely, judiciously.

sapientia: wisdom.

sapio: to discern, know.

sapor: taste, elegance.

Sarcalogos: Christ, the word incarnate.

sarcina: bundle, pack, burden, load.

satago: to pay a creditor, satisfy a creditor.

satago: have one’s hands full, have enough to do.

satago: to bustle about.

satellites: armed retainers, retinue.

satio: to satisfy, sate.

satis: enough, sufficient /sufficiently.

sato: to sow, plant.

sator: planter, father, creator.

satraps: viceroy, governor, ruler.

satura: satire.

saturo: to fill, satisfy.

satus: origin, start, beginning /planting, sowing.

saxum: large stone.

scaber: scabby, rough.

scabies: the itch, mange, a rash.

scabrosus: scabrous, rough.

scaccarium: chessboard, game of chess. .

scaena, scena: stage or tent, even foliage.

Scaldus: Scheldt.

scamnum: bench, stool.

scandalum: stumbling-block, quarrel.

scando: to ascend, board.

scaphium (sciphus: Herimann, cap. 24) pot, bowl, drinking vessel.

scapulare: sword-belt.

scapulus: the shoulder.

scelerata: accursed, miscreant.

sceleratus: scelero: to pollute with guilt, with blood, etc.

scelestus: wicked, accursed, infamous, criminal.

scelus: crime, sin, evil deed, wickedness.

scelus: accursed deed, wickedness, calamity.

sceptrum: rule, authority, royal staff.

schema: rhetorical figure, shape.

schola: school /elite troop of soldiers.

scholasticus: scholar, learned one, schoolboy.

scientia: knowledge, science, skill.

scientia: knowledge.

scilicet: rightly, it is just.

scilicet: evidently, certainly, of course, no doubt, assuredly.

scilicet: namely, that is to say.

scindo: to cut, rend, split/divide, separate.

scio: to know, understand.

sciscitor: to ask.

scisco: investigate, ask, inquire/ vote, ordain, resolve.

scisco: to ascertain.

scitus: ordinance.

scius: discerning.

scopae: broom.

scribo, scripsi scriptum: to write, compose.

scrinium: bookcase, case for papers.

scrinium: chest.

scriptor: writer, author, scribe.

scrupulosa: intricate, thorny.

scrupulositas: rough spot, jagged edge.

sculpta: engraved.

scutulatus: diamond-shaped, shield-bearing.

scutum: oblong shield.

se astringo: to commit oneself to.

se gero: to conduct oneself, conduct, carry on.

se habere: to keep oneself.

se teneo: stay.

secedo: to go apart, withdraw.

secedo: to withdraw.

secerno secrevi secretum: to separate.

secessus: solitary retreat.

secludo: to shut out.

seco: to settle (as to settle an argument).

seco: secui: sectum: to cut, hurt, wound, amputate, divide, part.

seco: to fly or cut through.

secretarius: privy counsellor.

secretum: secret, solitary, private, retired, secret conversation.

sectator: sector: pursuer, hunter, suiter.

secundum: accordingly, in an accordance with.

secundum: (adv.) after, behind.

secundum: (+ inf.), following, after, during, according to.

secundus: second.

securis: axe, hatchet, battle-axe.

securitas: * guarantee of safety, surety, guarantor.

securus: safe, secure, free from care, unworried, unconcerned.

securus: [+ gen] untroubled by, easy, at ease.

securus: [+ abl.] free from, alone, safe.

secus: wrongly, badly, not as one would wish.

secus: otherwise, not so.

secus: non secus, haud secus: just so.

secus + atque or quam: differently from, otherwise than.

secuutus: follower, pursuer.

sed: but/ and indeed, what is more.

sedatus: calmed, settled, checked.

sedeo: to sit.

sedeo: to settle down, reside.

sedes: residence, throne, temple.

seditio: dissension, quarrel, insurrection, mutiny, rising.

seditio: sedition.

sedo: to settle, smooth, calm, allay.

seductor: seducer.

sedulo: zealously.

sedulus: zealous.

seges: wheatfield, wheat crop, field of wheat.

segnis: sluggish.

sem: prefix meaning half-.

semel: a single time, for the first time, even once, once, ever.

semen: seed, kin.

semestris: six months.

seminarium: warm-frame, seed-bed.

semino: to plant, breed, produce, give rise to.

semita: by-way, path, foot-path, track.

semotus: distant, isolated, removed.

semoveo: to remove, set apart, isolate, separate, set aside.

semper: always, ever.

sempiterna: eternal.

senectus: old age, dotage.

seneo: to be old, aged.

senesco: to grow old, to grow aged, to mature, wear out.

senex: senis: old, aged, old man.

senilis: an old man, aged man.

senior: lord, elder.

senipes: steed.

senium: old age, dotage/ decay, decline, deterioration.

senium: gloom, melancholy.

sensa: thoughts, teachings.

sensilis: sensitive.

sensim: slowly, bit by bit, gradually, by degrees.

sensus: feeling, sense, understanding.

sententia: sentiment, opinion, decision, saying.

sententia: opinion, thought, way of thinking, meaning, purpose.

sententiosus: sententious.

sentina: dregs, rabble.

sentio: to feel, judge, suppose, vote.

sentio: to perceive, experience, hold an opinion,.

sentus: neglected, dilapidated.

seorsum: apart, separately.

sepelio: to ruin, destroy/ inter, bury.

sepes: fence.

sepono: sequester, banish.

seposita: distant.

septem: seven.

septiformus: sevenfold.

sepulchrum: grave, tomb, sepulcher.

sepulcrum: tomb.

sepultura: burial.

seputus: buried, sunk, immersed.

sequax: following, attending, attendant, pursuing.

sequor: to follow, trail.

sereno: to make clear, serene, make calm.

serenus: serene.

series: sequence.

serio: seriously.

serius: serious, grave, solemn.

sermo: discussion, speech.

sermo: talk, common talk, conversation, rumor.

sermocinare: to talk to oneself.

sermocinatio: disputation.

sero: to sow, plant.

sero: at a late hour, late.

sero: to beget.

servile villicus: estate steward.

servio: (+ dat.) to be a slave to, serve.

servitium: payment of dues, military service, service.

servitus: servitude, slavery.

servo: to watch over, keep, protect, observe, save, reserve.

servo: to preserve, serve, guard.

servus: servant, slave, serf.

servus scandali: quarrelsome servant.

sese: himself, herself, itself, =se.

sesqui: one and a half times.

sesquialter: once and a half.

sesquimellesimus: 1500th.

sesquioctavus: containing nine eighths.

sesquitertia: one and a third.

sessio: sitting down, loitering, hanging around /chair, seat.

seu: conj: or if..,.

severitas: severity, rigor, sternness, strictness.

severiter: harshly.

severus: stern, harsh.

sexaginta: sixty.

si: if.

sibimet: to them themselves.

sic: so, thus /yes, that is so, that is right.

sicco: -are, to dry up, out.

siccus: dry, thirsty/ sober, temperate.

Siclinium: Seclin.

sicut: as, just as, as it were, (+verb in subj.) just as if.

sidereus: heavenly, starry.

sidus: constellation, star.

sigillum: seal, sign.

signum: signal, miraculous works.

signum: seal, indication, sign/ mark /token.

silens: silent, still.

silenti etc: the dead.

silentio: to [+ acc.] to keep silent , to silence.

silentium: silence, stillness, quiet, repose, obscurity.

sileo: to be still, silent/ (+ acc.) be silent about / rest.

silex: silicis (med. cilicis): hard stone, sharp, rock, flint.

siligo: siliginis: wheat, wheat flour.

silva: woods, forest, grove.

similis: like, similar, resembling.

similis: similar, like, resembling.

similitudo: likeness, resemblance/ uniformity.

simplex: simple, unaffected.

simul: at once, at the same time, together.

simul: together.

simul atque: as soon as.

simulatio: shamming.

simulatio: pretense,.

simulator: hypocrite.

simulatus: counterfeit.

simulo: to pretend, sham.

simultas: sham, artifice.

sincerus: genuine.

sine: (+ abl.) without.

singularis: alone of its kind, solitary /machless, unique. .

singularis: alone. .

singulariter: adv, one by one, exceedingly, especialy.

singuli: one each, one apiece, single, separate.

singultim: stammeringly.

singulto: to sob.

singultus: sobbing.

singultus: sobbing, gasping, death rattle.

singulus: single, separate, one at a time, one each.

sino: allow, suffer, permit, let.

sino: to allow, leave undone.

sinus: curve, fold, bend /pocket, lap /bay, gulf.

sinus: inner feeling, secret heart.

siquidem: since, indeed.

sis: (=si vis) if you wish, are willing, want, prefer.

sis: (2nd person present subjunctive of sum) you may be.

sisto: to check.

sitiens: thirsting for.

sitio: to be thirsty.

sitis: thirst, dryness, drought, eager desire.

situs: region, idleness, inactivity.

sive: conj, on the one hand, but if, if..or if.

sive seu: or if.

socer: father in law.

societas: fellowship.

socius: sharing, associated, allied.

socius: partner, comrade, associate, ally, fellow.

socius-i: m, companion.

socors: slothful.

socus: plowshare.

sodalitas: fellowship, companionship, secret society.

sodes: prithee.

sol solis: sun.

solacium: help, support, military aid.

solamen: relief.

solator: supporter, solacer.

solemnis: festive.

solemnitas: festival.

soleo: to to be wont.

soleo: to be accustomed, be used to.

solers: ingenious, adroit, skilled, ready, well-disposed.

solidus: whole, safe.

solio: ? Herimann, cap. 28.

solitas: lonliness, solitude, being alone.

solito: [+ comp. adj.] more than usually

solito: to be accustomed to, have the habit of, make a practice of.

solitudo: desert, isolation,loneliness, solitude.

solitus: accustomed, usual, habitual, ordinary, customary.

solium: chair of state, throne / bath-tub.

sollers: clever, skillful.

sollertia: ingenuity.

sollicite: anxiously, worriedly.

sollicito: to concern oneself about the future or about others.

sollicito: to stir up, incite, arouse.

sollicitudo: concern, solicitude, worry.

sollicitudo: uneasiness, anxiety, disquiet, apprehension.

sollicitus: uneasy, worried, anxious, restless, agitated.

sollicitus: troubled, anxious, concerned, worried.

solor: solace, support.

solum: land, country, soil, ground/ bottom, floor, foundation.

solum: (adv) alone, only.

solum: non solum .. sed etiam: not only .. but also.

solus: alone, only, the only.

solutio: loosening /payment /solution /explanation.

solvo: to loosen, untie, release, free, dissolve, break up.

somes: body, remains, corpse, book, treatise.

somniculose: sleepily, drowsily.

somniculosus: sleepy, drowsy.

somnio: to dream /+ acc.to imagine foolishly.

somnio: to dream /(+ acc.) to dream of, imagine foolishly.

somnium: a dream, fancy /foolish nonesense.

somnium: dream, fancy, day-dream /foolishness, nonsense.

somnus: sleep.

sonitus: noise, sound.

sono: to make a noise /sing /celebrate/ (of words) to mean.

sono: to cry out, utter.

sophisma: sophism.

sophismata: falso conclusions, logical fallacies.

sopor: deep sleep.

soporo: to still.

sordeo: to be dirty, appear vile.

sordes: filth, meanness, stinginess.

sordesco: to become dirty.

sors: lot, allotment, share, fortune.

sortilegus: soothsayer.

sortitus: casting lots, deciding by lot.

sospes: unharmed, safe and sound.

sospitas: health.

spargo: to [crines] to cut hair.

spargo: sparsi: sparsum: scatter, strew, spread.

spargo: to scatter, hurl.

spatior: to stoll, walk around, take a walk, amble.

spatiosus: ample.

spatium: interval.

specialis: secret, confidential /initimate or special friend.

specialissimus: very strange, peculiar, individual.

specialitas: special friendship /peculiarity.

specialitas: special quality /speciality.

species: mien, splendor, quality.

specimen: ideal.

speciosus: beautiful, handsome, imposing / specious plausible.

spectaculum: spectacle, show.

specto: to look at, watch, see/aim at, tend towards.

specto: to behold, regard, await, expect.

speculatio: observation.

speculum: mirror.

specus: cave, cavern, grotto, den.

spensa: storehouse.

spera: (n.pl.) hopes.

sperma: seed, semen, sperm.

sperno: to scorn.

sperno sprevi spretum: to scorn, despise, spurn.

spero: to hope.

spero: to hope for, hope.

spes: hope.

spiculum: arrow.

spiculum: sharp point, sting, spear, dart.

spiritus: breath, breathing /life /spirit.

spiro: to blow.

splendens: brilliant.

splendeo: to gleam.

splendidus: splendid, magnificent.

spoliatio: plundering, looting, stripping, robbing.

spolio: to strip, plunder, despoil, rob, loot.

spolium: spoils, plunder, booty.

spondeo: to betroth, promise, pledge.

sponsalia: betrothal gift.

sponte: willingly, of one’s own accord, unaided.

spurcamen: filth.

spurcus: filthy.

squalor: foulness.

St. Richarius: St. Riquier.

stabilis: firm, stable, steadfast.

stabilitas: steadfastness, firmness, stability, durability.

Stabulaus: Stavelot.

statim: instantly, immediately.

statim: firmly, steadfastly, on the spot, at once.

statio: assembly.

statua: statue, image.

statuo: to hold, to establish.

statuo: to give a ruling, make an arrangment, decide.

statuo: to cause to stand, establish, place, set up.

status: stage.

statutum tempus: * appointed, established.

stella: star.

stelliger: starry.

stemma: garland, pedigree.

sterilis: barren, useless, unproductive, vain/ + gen., deprived of.

sterno: to throw to the ground.

stilla: a drop (of liquid).

stillicidium: dripping moisture, rainwater from the eaves.

stilus: a pike, pale /a stylus for writing /writing.

stimulo: goad.

stimulus: incentive.

stipatio: a crowd of attendants, a following.

stipator: an attendant of a nobleman.

stipatores: following, retinue, attendants, bodguard.

stipes: log, stump, tree trunk, branch, post, club.

stipo: to compress /to press around, gather around /attend (a person).

stips: stipis: small coin, gift.

sto: steti: statum: to stand, stand still, stand firm.

sto: to stand one’s ground, stand upright.

stolide: stupidly.

stolidus: slow of mind, stolid.

stolidus: dull, obtuse, dull-witted, dumb.

stomachata: vexed at, irritated with, fume.

strages: massacre, bloodbath, carnage /debris.

strenue: actively.

strenuus: brisk, active, vigorous/ turbulent, restive.

strepitus: din.

stringo: to reduce, inhibit, diminish, narrow.

strues: piles, heaps, masses.

struo: to devise, fit out.

studeo: to be diligent, strive after.

studio: (+ dat.) to study, pursue eagerly, be eager for.

studiose: eagerly.

studiosus: zealous.

studium: eagerness, zeal.

stulte: foolishly.

stultus: foolish /a fool.

stupefactus: stunned.

stupendum: astounding.

stupeo: to be astounded.

stupidus: struck senseless.

stupor: astonishment.

stupro: to ravish.

stuprum: debauchery.

suadeo: to recommend, advise (a person).

suadeo: [+ dat] to speak in favor of.

suasoria: persuasive discourse.

suavis: agreeable.

sub: (+ acc. or dat.) under, up under, close to, beneath, below.

subactus: subjected.

subaudio: hear a little.

subcribo: to write beneath, sign /prosecute,.

subcriptio: subscription, signature / register.

subdido: to subject.

subditus: subject.

subdo: subjugate, subject.

subdo: subdidi: subditum: to subject to.

subdolus: sly.

subduco: to take away by stealth.

subeo: to [stealthily] approach, submit to.

subicio: to subordinate.

subiecto: to put down, to put under.

subigo: to [-egi, -actus] put down, conquer, compel.

subinfero: to add.

subito: adv. suddenly, unexpectedly.

subitus: sudden, unexpected.

subiungo: to yoke beneath, join, attach, subdue, subjugate.

subjectio: forgery, falsehood.

subjungo: to join, yoke.

subligo: to bind below, bind on.

sublime: on high, aloft.

sublimis: lofty, raised, elevated, sublime.

sublimitas: loftiness, height, elevation, sublimity.

sublimiter: loftily.

sublimo: to exalt.

subluceo: to gleam faintly, glimmer, glow.

subluo: to wash beneath /(rivers) flow beneath.

sublustris: faintly glimmering, faintly gleaming.

subnascor: to grow out of.

subnecto: to bind on beneath, to tie.

subnecto: to bind.

subnego: faintly deny, partially refuse.

subnixus: relying on, supported by.

subnixus subnisus: propped up, supported.

subnoto: to mark beneath, notice secretly, write underneath.

subnuba: a rival.

subnubilus: partly cloudy, somewhat cloudy.

subo: to be in heat.

subobscenus: risque, faintly obscene.

subobscurus: somewhat obscure.

subodiosus: rather unpleasant.

suboleo: (3 persons only) to give off a smell/ to make onself noticed.

suboles: shoot, sprout, offspring, progeny.

suboles: offspring, offshoot.

subolesco: to grow up, mature.

suborior: to arise in succession.

suborno: to furnish, equip, provide /instigate secretly, suborn.

subrepo surrepo: to creep up or crawl up from below.

subrideo subrisi subrisum: to smile.

subrigo, subrexi subrectum: to raise up, elevate.

subringor: to make a face.

subruo subruti subrutum: to undermine, overhtrow, destroy.

subsannatio: mockery.

subsanno: to mock.

subscalpo: to needle.

subseco: to cut away, pare.

subsentio: to notice secretly.

subsequens: P.P. of sequor, ensuing, following.

subsequor: to follow after.

subservio: to be subject to, comply with.

subsidarius: in reserve.

subsidium: reserve troops, auxiliary troops.

subsidium: support, help, assistance.

subsido: to crouch down, settle, sink, subside.

subsido: stay remain /lie in ambush.

subsilio: toleap up, spring up.

subsisto: to stand, withstand /stop, halt, cease /stay, remain.

subsisto: to be there.

substantia: substance, essence, means of subsistence, property.

substerno: to spread out beneath, lay under, set out, provide.

substo: to stand form.

substrictus: narrow, contracted, small.

substringo: to draw together, bind up.

substructio: base, foundation.

substruo: to build beneath, lay a foundation.

subsulto: to spring up, leap up.

subsum subesse: to be near, close at hand, be under, be subject.

subter supter: below, beneath, underneath.

subterfugio: to escape.

subterlabor: to glide away, flow under, slip away, escape.

subtilis: precise.

subtilitas: precision.

subtraho: to carry off by stealth.

subveho: to carry, esp carry upstream.

subvenio: to come up to aid, relieve.

subvenio: to come to the aid, succor, relieve, help, assist.

subvenio: to come to [in adiutorium] to ones assistance, succor.

subversio: to overthrow.

subvertio: to destroy, overthrow.

subverto: to overturn, destroy. .

succedo: to approach, submit, etc. etc.

succendo: to kindle, set afire from below.

succenseo: to be irritated.

successio: succeeding, succession, descent, descendant.

successio: succession.

succresco: to grow up after.

succumbo: to surrender.

succurro: to run up under /aid, assist, help.

succurro: to assist.

sudo: to toil. labor, sweat.

suetus: [+ inf] accustomed to.

sufficiens: adequate, affluent, availing.

sufficienter: affluently, adequately.

sufficientia: affluence, sufficiency.

sufficio: to be sufficient, suffice, be enough.

sufficio: to be affluent, avail for, to afford, supply, furnish with.

suffoco: to strangle, choke, suffocate.

suffoco: to choke, stifle.

suffragium: vote, franchise /approval support, aid, assistance.

suffragium: succor, support aid, incitement, maintenance, resource,.

suffragium: intercession by saint with god, church province.

suffrago: to support.

suffulcio: to prop up, bolstered.

suffusus: imbued.

suggero: to bring up, supply, provide, add, attach. place next.

suggero: to excite, prompt, suggest, assign, bring to mind, offer.

suggestus: platform, raised place.

sui: himself, herself, itself.

sui juris: one’s own master.

sulum: each, every.

sum fui futurus: to be, exist.

summa: the highest part /whole, sum.

summisse: humbly, softly, calmly, modestly.

summissus (from summitto): let down, lowered, gentle, mild.

summittere: to lower.

summitto: to let down, lower /subject, subordinate.

summitto: to send as help /to send secretly.

summitto: (se) to condescend, submit /raise, rear, make grow.

summoneo: to give a hint.

summopere: very much, exceedingly.

summopere: very much.

sumo: to take, choose, obtain, buy./ take for granted, assume.

sumo: to choose, take up, apply, employ.

sumptus: expense, cost.

sumptus: expenses.

suo: to stitch, join.

supellectilis: household furniture, goods.

supellex: supellectilis: furniture, apparatus, gear.

super: (prep.) (+ abl.) over, above /concerning, about, besides.

super: (adv.) over, above, besides, beyond, moreover, remaining.

superabundo-avi: to be very abundant.

superbia: pride, arrogance.

superbiens: arrogant, domineering.

superbus: overbearing, arrogant, haughty, proud.

supercilium: haughtiness.

superficies: surface, top.

superfluo: flow over, overflow, be superfluous.

supergredior: to step over.

supermitto: to pour upon.

superna: northeast by north wind.

superna: supernal.

superne: from above, above.

supernus: above, superior.

supero: to be above, have the upper hand, surpass, conquer, overcome.

supero: to vanquish, outstrip.

supersilium: haughtiness.

superstes: survivor of another’s death.

superstes: surviving, present, standing.

supersto: to survive.

supersum: to be superfluous, to remain.

superus: higher.

superus superior supremus or summus: above, upper, high.

supervacuus: superfluous, unnecessary, extra.

supervenio: to arrive, come up, arrive unexpectedly.

supervenio: to overtake, arrive.

supparum: garment.

suppedito: to give in abundance.

suppellex: suppellectilus: household articles, furniture, goods.

suppellex: suppellectilus: ornaments.

supplanto: to trip up.

supplex: kneeling, entreating, suppliant.

supplex: [a] suppliant.

suppliciter: supplicatingly.

supplicium: punishment.

supplicium: torment.

suppono subpono: to put in place of, substitute, forge.

suppono subpono: to put under, subject /put next to, add.

supra: (+ acc.) above.

surculus: shoot, sprout.

surgo: to arise.

surgo surrexi surrectum: to get up , arise.

surrideo: to smile.

surripio: to pilfer.

surrogo: to to put in another’s place.

sursum: upwards.

sursum deorsum: up and down.

sus: swine, pig, hog.

susceptor: guardian.

suscipere: to undergo, receive, take up, sponsorship at baptism.

suscipio: take up, support, raise /accept /undertake, begin.

suscipio: to raise up, maintain, support, accept, receive, undertake.

suscitatio: -onis: f, rekindling, awakening.

suscito: to stir up, arouse, excite.

suscriptor: the signer of a document.

susicivus: left over, to spare, extra, superfluous.

suspectus: suspected.

suspendo: to suspend, hang.

suspendo: to vault.

suspicio: to look upward at, esteem, respect /to suspect.

suspicor: to suppose.

suspiro: to sigh, draw a deep breath /long for, yearn after.

sustento: to maintain, sustain.

sustineo: to hold up, sustain, endure.

sustituo: to put next, put under, put in place of.

susurro: to whisper, buzz.

suus: sua: suum: (refl. poss. adj.) his, her, its, their own.

synagoga: synagogue.

syrma: sirma: sealed charter, train, skirt-tails, garment-tails.

tabella: writing tablet.

tabellae: letter, document.

tabernus: booth, hut, cottage, hove, small shop, inn, tavern.

tabesco: to melt, waste away, pine, be spoiled.

tabgo tetigi tactum: to touch.

tabidus: melted away/ melting away.

tabula: board, plank, gaming board, painted panel.

taceo: to be silent, say nothing, pass over.

taceo tacuitacitum: to be silent, leave unmentioned.

tactus: sense of feeling, touch.

taeda: pitch-pine torch.

taedet se: to be disgusted at.

taedium, tedium: disgust, weariness, boredom.

taeter: loathsome.

talarius: having to do with dice or dice-playing.

talea: rod, stick, stake, bar /cutting, slip.

talentum: pound, talent, endowment, aptitude.

talio: retribution.

talio: retaliation in kind.

talio reddo: to return like for like, retaliate.

talis: of such a kind, such.

talus: the ankle, ankle bone.

tam: to such a degree, so, so far.

tam: adv, so, to such a degree.

tam .. quam: as .. as possible.

tamdiu: for such a long time.

tamen: nothwithstanding, nevertheless, yet, still, for all that.

tamen: however, but.

tametsi: even if, although.

tamisium: sieve, sifter (Herman, p. 308).

tamquam tanquam: as, just as, like as, just as if.

tandem: at last, finally.

tandem: at length.

tango: to touch, besprinkle.

tango-tetigi-tactum: 3, to touch, touch upon, to speak of.

tanquam: adv, just as, as if, like as.

tantillum: such a trifle.

tantillus: so little, so small.

tantum: only.

tantummodo: only just, just so long as.

tantundem: adv, just so much, just as far as.

tantus: so large, so great, of such a size.

tardo: to impede.

tardus: slow, late, tardy.

tardus: sluggish.

Taruennam: Therouanne.

te: (acc.) you /i got YOU, babe.

te: (abl.) you /no one’s sweeter than YOU.

tectum: shelter.

tegmen: covering.

tego: texi: tectum: to cover, bury, conceal, hide, protect, shield.

tego: to conceal.

tela: a web, that which is woven, cloth, tissue.

tellus: region, country, land.

telum: javelin, spear, arrow, bolt, dart.

telum: armament, arms, weapon, spear.

temerarius: * imprudent, bold.

temerarus: temerarius: bold, rash, imprudent, heedless.

temeritas: rashness, temerity, boldness.

temeritas: rashness, boldness.

temero: to profane, desecrate.

temperantia: moderation, self-control, temprance.

tempero: (+abl. or with ab) to keep from, refrain from.

tempero: (+ dat.) to control, use with moderation, spare,.

tempero: to mix properly, temper, regulate, mitigate.

tempero: be moderate, control oneself.

tempestas: storm, weather.

tempestuosus: stormy.

Templovium: Templeuve, villa near Cisoing.

templum: sacred precinct, temple, sometimes church, sanctuary.

temporalis-e: transitory.

temptatio: trial, temptation.

tempus temporis: time, stage, epoch, era.

tenax: grasping, stingy, cligning, frugal, obstinate.

tendo: to direct, try, attempt, stretch, extend, present, give.

tendo: to strive, go, heighten, aggravate.

teneo: to keep on, persist, persevere, endure.

teneo: to hold, keep, possess, maintain.

teneo: to grasp, know, understand.

teneo: to occupy, keep, hold.

teneo iter: to hold one’s course, conceive.

tener: tender.

tener tenera tenerum: tender, delicate, soft, young.

tenor: sense, contents, uninterrupted course, a holding fast.

tentatio: trial, attack, duration, temptation, judgement.

tento: to try, test.

tentorium: tent.

tenuis: thin, slight, feeble, slim, slender.

tenura: holding, tenure, feudal holding, by feudal tenure.

tenus: (prep. with abl) as far as, up to, to, down to.

tenus: (after a name in abl. or gen.) up to, down to as far as.

tepesco: to cool, grow lukewarm, decrease.

tepidus: warm, luke-warm, tepid.

tepidus: lukewarm.

ter: three times, thrice.

terebro: to bore through, perforate.

teres: rounded, polished, smooth, fine, elegant.

terga dare: to flee, retreat, run awar.

tergeo tergo tersi tersum: to wipe, scour, clean.

tergiversatio: backwardness, reulctance, evasion.

tergo (a tergo ): in the rear, fom behind.

tergum: skin, hide/back, rear.

tergus: the back /skin, hide, leather.

termes: a tree branch (especially olive).

terminatio: termination, determination, setting of boundaries.

termino: restrict, define, close, set a limit to.

terminus: a boundary mark, limit, end, border.

tero: trivi: tritum: to rub, wear out.

terra: earth, ground, land, country, soil.

terrenus: earthly, temporal.

terreo: to frighten, terrify, scare away, deter.

terribilis: dreadful.

terrigenus: indigenous, born from the earth, human being.

territo: to affright.

territo: to fighten, terrify, intimidate.

territo: to scare, frighten, intimidate.

terror: friight, fear, terror.

tersus: clean, neat, correct.

tertius: third.

testificor: to call to witness.

testimonium: proof, evidence, witness, indication.

testis: one who gives evidence, witness, spectator / testicle.

testis: martyr.

texo: to weave, twine together, plait, construct, build.

texo: the main verb for weaving of cloth.

textilis: woven fabric, piece of cloth.

textor textrix: weaver.

textus: woven cloth, web.

thalassinus: sea-green.

theatrum: theater.

theca: case, envelope, covering.

thema: subject, topic, theme.

thema thematis: theme.

theologus: theologian.

theorice: philosophic speculation.

theoricus: meditative, speculative, contemplative.

thermae: warm springs, warm baths.

thesaurus: treasure, horde /store-room, treasury.

thesis: proposition, thesis.

thorax: corselet, breastplate.

thymbra: the herb savory.

thymum: the herb thyme.

tibi: (dat.) you /i can’t give YOU anything but love, baby.

timeo: to fear, be afraid, dread.

timidus: faint-hearted, fearful, timid.

timor: fear, dread/ alarm, object causing fear.

tinnio: to ring.

tiro: new recruit, young recruit.

titubo: to waver.

titulo: to call.

titulus: label, title, placard.

titulus: token.

tolero: to tolerate, bear, endure, sustain.

tollo: to lift .

tollo: to lift up, take away.

tollo sustuli sublatum: to lift up, raise, elevate, carry away. .

tondeo totonsi tonsum: shave, shear, clip, mow, reap, browse.

tonsor: barber.

tormen: tormina: torture.

Tornacense: Tournai.

torpeo: to be sluggish, inert, numb, inactive, immoveable.

torqueo: to twist, curl, rack, torture, torment, distort, test.

torqueo: to turn, turn awry, brandish.

torreo: to roast.

tortitudo: wickedness, insincerity, .

torva: savage, wild.

tot: so many.

tot: (indecl.) so many.

totidem: just as many.

toties: totiens: so many times, so often.

toto: all togther, completely towards.

totus: whole, entire, complete, all.

toxicum: poison.

traba: a beam of wood, a timber /tree-trunk, ship, table.

tractare: to handle, manage, perform.

tracto: to drag, handle /treat, discuss, deal with.

tracto: to ponder, compass + gen.

tractus: course, progress, movement.

tractus: space, time, lapse /extension, length.

tractus: a dragging, drawing, pulling /territory, tract.

traditio: betrayal.

trado: tradidi: traditum: surrender /hand over /transmit, teach.

trado: to bequeath, deliver, surrender, commit.

traduco in passive: to be borne.

traho: traxi: tractum: to drag, pull /derive, get.

Traiectensium: Utrecht.

Traiectum: Maastricht.

trans: (+ acc.) across.

transcendo: to surpass.

transcurro: to treat briefly.

transeo: to go over, pass over, cross over, go past.

transeo: to pass through, go across.

transfero: transtuli: translatum: carry across, transfer, convey.

transfreto: to cross a strait, to be taken across a strait.

transgredior: to pass beyond.

transigo: transactum: to pass.

transilio: to leap over.

transitus: crossing, passing over, transit /changing, alteration.

translatio: transfer of the body of a saint, celebration of transfer.

translato: to transfer.

transmaritanus: beyond the seas, overseas, outre-mer.

transmeo: to go across.

transmitto: to send, carry, or convey across.

transporto: send, carry, or convey across.

transveho: to convey.

transverbero: to pierce through.

trebuchettum: a trebuchet, a siege engine.

tredecim: (indecl.) thirteen.

Trellum: Trelon, castle in Hannonia.

tremo: to tremble, shake, shudder.

tremor: trembling.

tremulus: quivering, quaking.

trepide: with trepidation, in confusion,.

trepido: to tremble.

trepidus: alarmed.

tres tria: three.

Treverim: Triers.

tribulatio: tribulation.

tribuo: to give out, divide, allot, assign, grant, give, allow.

tribuo: to bestow.

tributarius: subject to tribute.

tributum: payment, tribute.

tricesimus: triduana: lasting three days.

triduana: lasting three days.

triduanus: three days’ duration, lasting three days.

triduum: a period of three days.

trilustralis: lasting for fifteen years.

trimodus: trimodal.

trinus: triple.

tripudio: to leap, jump, dance (as in a religious procession).

tripudio: to celebrate.

tripudium: joy, rejoicing.

tripudium: transport of joy.

triste: sorrowfully, dolefully.

tristifico: to make sad, cause sadness, sadden.

tristis: sad, mournful, sowerful.

tristis: disconsolate, sad.

tristor: to be sad, be grieved.

triticeus: sown in wheat.

tritico: thresh.

triticus: wheat.

Trium Fontium: Trois-Fontaines, Marne, Vitry-le-Francois.

triumphalis: triumphal.

triumphus: triumphal procession, triumph.

trucido: to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre, slaughter.

truculenter: (adv.) wildly, savagely, fiercely, cruelly, roughly.

trudo: to thrust.

trunco: maim, mutilate, mangle /imperfect, not whole, missing a part.

trutino: to balance, weigh.

trux: ferocious.

tu: you.

tuba: war-trumpet.

tubineus: cone shaped.

tueor: to uphold, guard, protect.

tui: your, yours /I read YOUR letter that said, dear john.

tum: at that time, then /thereupon, in the next place.

tumbarius: keeper of a tomb.

tumbus: tumba: tomb.

tumeo: to puff up, swell /to be pompous.

tumesco: to swell up with anger /swell, swell up.

tumidus: elated, arrogant, swollen.

tumor: commotion, swelling.

tumulo: to bury, inter.

tumulosus: hilly.

tumultuarius: raised hastily.

tumultuor: to be in an uproar, raise a tumult, [make a] bustle.

tumultuosa: full of bustle, turbulent.

tumultus: bustle, uproar.

tumultus: uprising, disturbance, riot, tumult.

tumulus: mound, grave, heap of earth.

tunc: then, at that time, next, and then.

Tungris: Tongres.

turba: uproar, disturbance /mob, crowd, multitude.

turba: mob.

turbatio: disturbance, confusion.

turbatus: angered, exasperated/ disturbed, restless, troubled.

turbo: hurricane. tornado, that which spins.

turbo: to disturb, upset, throw into disorder, confuse, unsettle.

turbo: to agitate, disorder.

turbo: whirling motion, whirlwind, whirlpool.

turgida: swollen.

turma: throng.

turpe: a disgrace.

turpis: foul, ugly, disgraceful, morally corrupt.

turpis: unseemly, dishonorable.

turpiter: in an unseemly manner.

turpitudo: baseness.

tussio: to cough.

tussis: a cough.

tutamen: tutaminis: defense, protection.

tutela: protection, guard, charge /guardianship, tutelage.

tutela: care, safeguard[ing].

tutis: protected, safe, secure.

tutor: defender.

tutus: safe, salutary, wholesome, expedient, serviceable.

typicus: symbolic.

typus: type.

tyrannus: tyrant, absolute ruler.

ualeo: to be able to, to succeed in (doing something).

uber: productive, fertile, abundant, rich.

uber: fruitful.

uberrime: most luxuriantly, most abundantly, most fruitfully.

ubertas: bounty, plenty, abundance.

ubertas: plenteousness, richness, fertility.

uberte: abundantly.

ubi: when, as soon as / wherein, whereby, whereas.

ueraciter: more veracious, more truly.

ueratius: more true.

ulciscor: to take vengeance for, avenge / take vengeance on.

ulciscor: to take revenge on, get back at.

ullatenus: in any respect whatever.

ullus: any.

ulterius: farther, more advanced, more remote.

ultio ultionis: avenging, punishment, revenge.

ultor: avenger.

ultra: (+ acc.): farther (than), more (than).

ultra: (+ acc.) beyond, on the far side of.

ultrix: avenging.

ultroneus: of one’s own accord.

ululatus: howling.

umbra: shade, shadow.

umerus humerus: shoulder, upper arm.

umquam: ever, at any time.

una: (adv.) in one, together.

unanimis: of one mind.

uncia: a twelfth, an ounce.

unciatim: little by little.

unda: billow, water.

unde: whence, from where /how, from whom.

undique: from all sides, everywhere, on all sides, altogether.

undique secus: from every quarter, in every part of the world.

undisonus: resounding, loud with waves.

undo: to surge, wave, undulate /to flood.

unguentum: salve, balm, ointment.

universa: entire, complete.

universe: generally, in general.

universi: all together.

universitas: the whole, total, universe, world /university.

universum: universe, the world.

universus: combined in one, whole, entire.

unus: one, only one, at the same time/ single, alone /unparalleled.

upilio opilio: shepherd.

uranicus: heavenly.

urbanus: urban, urbane, pertaining to the city.

urbs: city, town.

urbs urbis: city.

uredo: blight of plants.

uredo: a plant blight.

urgeo: to drive, beset, urge.

urino: to dive.

urinor: a diver.

usitas: customary, usual.

usitor: to be in the habit of using.

usquam: anywhere.

usque: all the way, up to), even (to).

usquequaque: always.

ustilo ustulo: to burn, scorch, singe. (Hermann, p. 308).

usura: using, enjoying, profiting /using money lent /interest.

usurpo: to obtain, acquire, get possession of.

usurpo: to take for oneself, use, employ, enjoy /perceive, observe.

usurpo: to appropriate unlawfully.

usus: use, experience, skill, advantage, profit.

ususfructus: profit, the use of something.

ut: (+ subj.) (result) so that, that.

ut: (+ subj.) (purpose) in order that, to, that.

ut: (+ indic.) when, as.

ut: (+ subj.) (command) to, that.

uter: utrius: either of the two.

utercumque: whichever of the two.

uterlibet: whichever of the two you wish.

uterque: (gen. utriusque) both, each side, each party.

uterus: womb, belly, lower stomach.

Uticensium: Evroul.

utilis: useful, advantageous, helpful.

utilis: beneficial.

utilitas: utility, usefulness.

utilitas: utility.

utinam: If only that were true! Would that it were the case!.

utique: at any rate, certainly, at least.

utor: uti: usus: to use, employ, possess, enjoy.

utor: to associate with, find.

utor: to take advantage of, benefit or profit from, use.

utor: with traits of character, yield to

utpote: seeing that, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, since, namely.

utrimque: from both sides, on both sides.

utroque: to both sides, in both directions / at each point.

utrum: whether.

utrum…an: whether .. or.

uxor: wife, spouse.

vacillo: to fall into confusion.

vaco: to be free from work, of a master, of property.

vacuus: empty, devoid of, free from.

vacuus: without, useless.

vado: go, hasten, rush.

vadum: ford, shallows.

vae: (interj.), woe, alas, woe to.

vafra: crafty.

vagitus: squalling.

vagus: vagrant, wandering.

valde: strongly, powerfully /very, exceedingly.

valde: intensely, very much, extremely, greatly.

valde: adj, great, exceedingly.

valde: intensely.

valedico: bid farewell.

valens: stong, powerful, healthy /able, worthwhile.

valentia: vigor.

valeo: valui: valiturus: to be strong, have power, be well.

valeo: to have strength, have power, be effective.

valesco: to grow strong.

valetudo: health, good health, bad health.

valetudo: condition, good health.

validus: strong, robust, able.

validus: mighty, powerful, exceeding.

validus: vigorous.

vallo: to surround, defend.

vallum: palisade, earthen wall, entrenchment, rampart.

vallum: palisaded rampart, ditch, moat.

vapulus: flogged, beaten, knocked about.

varietas: variety, differences, diversity.

varietas: changeableness.

varius: various, varied.

varius: changing, changeable.

vas: vessel, glass, cup.

vasallus: servant.

vastata: ravaged.

vastatio: devastation, ravaging.

vastatio: ravaging.

vates: bard, prophet.

vectigal: revenue.

vectigalis: tributary.

vegetabilis: invigorating.

vegetabiliter: vigorously.

vegeto: to invigorate.

vegetus: lively, fresh, vigorous.

vegrandis: diminutive, small, tiny.

vehemens: violent, furious, impetuous.

vehemens: vehement.

vehementer: violently, forcefully, strongly, exceedingly.

vehementer: impetuously.

vehiculum: conveyance, vehicle.

veho: (in the passive) to sail, ride, drive, etc.

veho: to sail, convey, carry.

veho vexi vectum: to carry, convey.

vel: vel .. vel either .. or.

vel: or, (adv.) even, actually, for example.

velamen: covering, garment.

veles: light-armed troops.

velico: to pluck, twitch /criticize, taunt.

velitatio: skirmish, bickering, dispute, wrangling.

velius: velieris: hide, fleece, skin.

velivola: winged with sails.

vello: velli: vulsum: to pull, pluck out.

velociter: quickly, rapidly, swiftly.

velox: fleet, quick, rapid, swift, fast.

velum: sail, covering, awning, curtain.

velut: adv. just as, like, even as.

vena: vein /stream /vein of ore /streak.

venalia: venial sins /supplies.

venalicium: market.

venalis: to be sold, up for sale /a slave.

venaliter: by bribery, corruption.

venatio: hunting, game, the chase.

venator: hunter, huntsman.

venatus: game.

venditio: sale /closing of a bargain.

vendo: to sell, offer for sale, advertise /betray.

Vendolius: Vendeuil.

veneficus: poisonous, magical /witch, wizard, caster of spells.

venenifer: poisonous.

venenum: drug, poison, potion.

veneratio: respect, reverence, honor, veneration.

venia: grace, indulgence, favor, pardon, forgiveness.

venio: to get into a certain state, to fall into.

venio: to come /happen, come about, come to pass /arise.

venire contra: to come to.

veno: [dative] for sale.

venor: to hunt,.

ventagium: winnowing.

venter: ventris: the stomach, belly, abdomen.

ventilo: to fan /to wave something.

ventilo: to toss in the air.

ventio: a coming.

ventito: to come often, to visit frequently.

ventorium: winnowing fan. .

ventosa: conceited.

ventosus: full of wind, windy, breezy.

ventulus: breeze, soft wind.

ventus: wind, rumor, favor.

venum: [acc] for sale.

venustas: loveliness, charm, attractiveness, beauty.

venustas: loveliness.

venustus: lovely, charming.

vepres: thorn-bush, briar.

ver: spring.

ver: veris: spring, the production of spring.

verber: lashing.

verbera: (in pl.) blows, a beating, thrashing.

verberantia: a flogging.

verbero: to lash, beat, whip, flog.

Verbigena: he who was born of the word (Christ).

verbis suis, meis, etc: in his own name.

verbum: word.

vercundus: bashful, modest.

vere: truly, really, actually, rightly.

vere: in fact, real, true.

verecundia: feeling of shame, shame, bashfulness.

verecundor: to feel diffident, ashamed.

verecundus: shamefaced.

verendus: reverend.

vereor: to respect, fear, be in dread of, to be afraid.

vereor: to fear.

vergo: to bend, incline, verge, to draw to an end.

veridicus: truth-telling.

veritas: truth.

veritas: truthfulness.

vermis: worm.

Vernandense: Vermandois.

verno: to bloom.

vernula: servant.

vero: in truth, indeed, to be sure /however.

verso: to whirl.

versor: to remain, be engaged in.

versus: line, verse.

versutia: ingenuity.

verto: to turn, turn around, turn up / to put to flight, rout.

verto: to flee/ interpret, understand/ upset, overthrow.

verto: to turn into, tranform.

verto: [+ yerga, tergam] turn, retreat/ exchange.

verto in prosperum: to turn out well, ascribe, refer.

verum-i: truth, truly, in fact.

verumtamen verumptamen: notwithstanding, nevertheless.

verus: true, real, proper, right.

vesco, vescor: to feed, to eat.

vesica: bladder, bladder-like tumor.

vesper: evening star, evening.

vespera: evening prayer, vespers.

vespillo: undertaker.

vester: vestra: vestrum: (plu.) your, yours.

vestigium: footstep, trace, mark. soles of the feet.

vestimentum: garment.

vestio: to clothe, garb, dress.

vestis: clothing, garment, covering, blanket, carpet, tapestry.

vestitus: clothing.

vestrum vestri: your yours/ you may sing about YOUR pretty gals.

veter: of a former time.

vetus: old.

vexamen: shake-up, upheaval. .

vexillum: flag, banner, standard /troop, company, small unit.

vexo: to vex, annoy, irritate /shake, toss/ harrass.

via: road, way, street.

viaticus: pertaining to a journey , a journey /money, prize-money.

viator: traveller /messenger.

vicarius: vicar.

vices: per vices — by turns, successively.

vicina: neighbor.

vicinus: neighbor/ (med.) resident.

vicis: time, occasion, opportunity, event.

vicis concor: reciprocal service.

vicissim: in turn, on the other hand.

vicissitudo: alternation.

vicissitudo: change, alteration.

victor: victor, winner.

victoria: victory.

victualia: supplies, foodstuffs, provisions.

victus: living, manner of life / nourishment, food.

victus: victuals, sustenance.

vicus: village, neigborhood, quarter (or a city), street.

videlicet: it is clear/ (adv.) clearly, plainly, namely.

videlicet: (adv.) (ironically) of course, to be sure.

video vidi visum: to see, observe, understand, comprehend.

videor: to be seen, seem, appear.

viduata: deprived, widowed, bereft.

viduatus: widowhood.

viduitas: celibacy.

viduo: to deprive.

vieo: to weave together, stitch, plait.

vietus: shriveled, withered, shrunken.

vigens: vigorous.

vigeo: to flourish, bloom.

vigerius: verger, provost.

vigesco: to become vigorous.

vigilo: to be awake, watch, be vigilant /to keep vigil.

vigor: vigor, liveliness.

vigoratus: stout, heale, hearty.

vigoro: to animate.

vilicus, villicus: pertaining to an estate, overseer, steward.

vilis: cheap, worth little.

vilis: mean, cheap.

vilitas: cheapness, low-price, worthlessness.

villa: country house, country estate /(med.) manor, village.

villa: villa, village, hamlet, court, hof.

villanus: villager, inhabitant of vill or farm, customary tenant.

vinco: to vanquish, overmatch, excel.

vinco vici victum: conquer, overcome, master, win, surpass, excel.

vinculum: bond, fetter, tie.

vinculum: tie, chain.

vindex: avenger.

vindicat se de: to revenge oneself on.

vindico: to liberate, deliver/ punish, avenge/ claim, assume.

vindico: to avenge, punish, liberate, deliver, protect.

vindico: to claim.

vindico (vindicatum): claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate.

vinea: f, vineyard.

vinitor: vine-dresser (a man who prunes grape vines).

vinum: wine.

violenter: violently, by force.

violentus: boisterous.

violo: to injure.

vipereus: viper-like.

vir: man, hero, man of courage.

virga: a green twig, rod, stick, wand, broom, streak, stripe.

virgo: maiden, virgin, young girl.

virgo: maiden.

viridis: green.

viriliter: manfully.

virtus: manliness, excellence, character, worth, courage.

virtus: valor, prowess, moral virtue, virtuousness,manhood, power.

virus: virus, slime, poison.

vis: (sing.) violence /a large number, quantity, a force /nature.

vis: force.

vis vires (pl.): force, power, strength, might, influence.

viscus: flesh, internal organs, bowels, entrails, heart.

viscus: viscera: flesh, bowels.

visio: likeness, face, visage.

vispilio: a thief by night, robber.

visum: vision, view, sight.

vita: life, way of life.

vitiosus: vicious, full of vice, corrupt.

vitium: fault, vice, crime.

vito: to avoid, shun.

vitricus: step-father.

vitualamen: sacrifice, offering.

vitualis: manliness, virtues.

vituperabilis: blameworthy.

vituperium: insult.

vitupero: to disparage.

viva voce: aloud.

viva vox: an oral statement.

vivax: lively.

vivifico: to quicken.

vivificus: live-giving, life-restoring.

vivo: to live, to sustain, support life.

vivo vixi victum: to live, be alive.

vix: scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, barely.

vobis: (dat.) you /i’m talkin’ to YOU, yeah, talkin’ ’bout Cindy.

vobis: (abl.) you /who knows more than YOU? i do!.

vociferatio: outcry.

vociferor: to cry aloud, shout.

voco: to call, summon, name invite.

voco: to summon.

voco in dubium: to call into question.

volaticus: winged, flying /inconstant, unreliable/ flighty.

volatilis: wuged, flying /swift, rapid /fleeting, transitory.

volator: fowler, hunter of birds.

volatus: velocity.

volens: wishing, willing, favorable.

volito: to rush back and forth, flutter, flit about / hurry, hasten.

volo: to fly, speed, move rapidly.

volo: to wish, want, will, ordain, suppose, maintain that, be willing.

volo (sibi velle): to mean, signify, denote.

volubilis: rolling, revolving, turning around /changeable, inconstant.

volubilis: (of speech) rapid, fluent, voluble.

volubiliter: fluently.

volucris: flying creature, winged, winged creature.

voluntarius: voluntary.

voluntarius: willing.

voluntas: wish, will, inclination / good will.

voluntas: last will, testament / meaning, sense.

voluntas: will, purpose.

volup: agreeably, pleasantly.

voluptarius: pleasant, one devoted to pleasure.

voluptas: pleasure.

voluptas: sensual delight.

voluptuosus: delightful, pleasurable.

voluptuosus: luxurious, pleasure-seeking.

volutabrum: pigsty, slough.

volutarie: willingly.

volva: vulva: womb (particularly that of a sow).

volvo: to meditate upon, roll on or onwards.

vomer: plowshare.

vomer: ploughshare.

vomica: ulcer, sore, boil /plague, curse.

vomito: to vomit, vomit forth, throw up.

vorago: chasm, pit, abyss.

vorax: gluttonous, voracious.

voro: to eat greedily, swallow up, consume, gorge oneself.

vos: you (pl) /YOU can’t catch me, i’m the gingerbread man.

vos: (acc.) you (pl) /I’ll fight YOU all, then; bring me giants!.

vota: vows, wishes.

votum: prayer, wish, desire /vow, promise to God.

voveo: vovi: votum: to promise to God, vow, pray for.

voveo: to vow.

vox: vocis: voice, word /(med.) power, right, authority.

vox: cry, voice/ jurisdiction, authority.

Vulcanus: fire-god.

vulgaris: common, ordinary, usual.

vulgariter: in the common way, ordinary manner.

vulgivagus: wandering, vagrant, intinerant.

vulgo: to spread, publish, impart, make accessible.

vulgus: the common people, mob, rabble, mass, multitude.

vulnero: to wound, injure, hurt, harm.

vulnus: wound.

vulpes: volpes: fox.

vulticulus: look, aspect, appearance.

vultuosus: grimacing, affected.

vultur: voltur: vulturius: volturius: vulture.

vultus: expression of the face, countenance, look, aspect.

vultus: a face, appearance, shape, form.

xiphias: sword-fish.

ymber: rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain.

ymo (immo): on the contrary, by no means/ by all means.

zelus: jealousy.

zephyr: west wind.

Источник

in: Character, Featured, Knowledge of Men

• May 10, 2019 • Last updated: September 3, 2021

What do great men like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt all have in common?

They all were proficient in Latin.

From the Middle Ages until about the middle of the 20th century, Latin was a central part of a man’s schooling in the West. Along with logic and rhetoric, grammar (as Latin was then known) was included as part of the Trivium – the foundation of a medieval liberal arts education. From Latin, all scholarship flowed and it was truly the gateway to the life of the mind, as the bulk of scientific, religious, legal, and philosophical literature was written in the language until about the 16^th century. To immerse oneself in classical and humanistic studies, Latin was a must.

Grammar schools in Europe and especially England during this time were Latin schools, and the first secondary school established in America by the Puritans was a Latin school as well. But beginning in the 14^th century, writers started to use the vernacular in their works, which slowly chipped away at Latin’s central importance in education. This trend for English-language learning accelerated in the 19^th century; schools shifted from turning out future clergymen to graduating businessmen who would take their place in an industrializing economy. An emphasis on the liberal arts slowly gave way to what was considered a more practical education in reading, writing, and arithmetic.

While Latin had been dying a slow death for hundreds of years, it still had a strong presence in schools until the middle of the 20^th century. Beginning in the 1960s, college students demanded that the curriculum be more open, inclusive, and less Euro-centric. Among their suggested changes was eliminating Latin as a required course for all students. To quell student protests, universities began to slowly phase out the Latin requirement, and because colleges stopped requiring Latin, many high schools in America stopped offering Latin classes, too. Around the same time, the Catholic Church revised its liturgy and permitted priests to lead Mass in vernacular languages instead of Latin, thus eliminating one of the public’s last ties to the ancient language.

While it’s no longer a requirement for a man to know Latin to get ahead in life, it’s still a great subject to study. I had to take classes in Latin as part of my “Letters” major at the University of Oklahoma, and I really enjoyed it. Even if you’re well out of school yourself, there are a myriad of reasons why you should still consider obtaining at least a rudimentary knowledge of the language:

Knowing Latin can improve your English vocabulary. While English is a Germanic language, Latin has strongly influenced it. Most of our prefixes and some of the roots of common English words derive from Latin. By some estimates, 30% of English words derive from the ancient language. By knowing the meaning of these Latin words, if you chance to come across a word you’ve never seen before, you can make an educated guess at what it means. In fact, studies have found that high school students who studied Latin scored a mean of 647 on the SAT verbal exam, compared with the national average of 505.

Knowing Latin can improve your foreign language vocabulary. Much of the commonly spoken Romanic languages like Spanish, French, and Italian derived from Vulgar Latin. You’ll be surprised by the number of Romanic words that are pretty much the same as their Latin counterparts.

Many legal terms are in Latin. Nolo contendere. Mens rea. Caveat emptor. Do you know what those mean? They’re actually common legal terms. While strides have been made to translate legal writing into plain English, you’ll still see old Latin phrases thrown into legal contracts every now and then. To be an educated citizen and consumer, you need to know what these terms mean. If you plan on going to law school, I highly recommend boning up on Latin. You’ll run into it all the time, particularly when reading older case law.

Knowing Latin can give you more insight to history and literature. Latin was the lingua franca of the West for over a thousand years. Consequently, much of our history, science, and great literature was first recorded in Latin. Reading these classics in the original language can give you insights you otherwise may have missed by consuming it in English.

Moreover, modern writers (and by modern I mean beginning in the 17th century) often pepper their work with Latin words and phrases without offering a translation because they (reasonably) expect the reader to be familiar with it. This is true of great books from even just a few decades ago (seems much less common these days – which isn’t a hopeful commentary on the direction of the public’s literacy I would think). Not having a rudimentary knowledge of Latin will cause you to miss out on fully understanding what the writer meant to convey.

Below we’ve put together a list of Latin words and phrases to help pique your interest in learning this classical language. This list isn’t exhaustive by any stretch of the imagination. We’ve included some of the most common Latin words and phrases that you still see today, which are helpful to know in boosting your all-around cultural literacy. We’ve also included some particularly virile sayings, aphorisms, and mottos that can inspire greatness or remind us of important truths. Perhaps you’ll find a Latin phrase that you can adopt as your personal motto. Semper Virilis!

Latin Words and Phrases Every Man Should Know

a posteriori — from the latter; knowledge or justification is dependent on experience or empirical evidence
a priori — from what comes before; knowledge or justification is independent of experience
acta non verba — deeds, not words
ad hoc — to this — improvised or made up
ad hominem — to the man; below-the-belt personal attack rather than a reasoned argument
ad honorem — for honor
ad infinitum — to infinity
ad nauseam — used to describe an argument that has been taking place to the point of nausea
ad victoriam — to victory; more commonly translated into “for victory,” this was a battle cry of the Romans
alea iacta est — the die has been cast
alias — at another time; an assumed name or pseudonym
alibi — elsewhere
alma mater — nourishing mother; used to denote one’s college/university
amor patriae — love of one’s country
amor vincit omnia — love conquers all
annuit cœptis –He (God) nods at things being begun; or “he approves our undertakings,” motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States and on the back of the United States one-dollar bill
ante bellum — before the war; commonly used in the Southern United States as antebellum to refer to the period preceding the American Civil War
ante meridiem — before noon; A.M., used in timekeeping
aqua vitae — water of life; used to refer to various native distilled beverages, such as whisky (uisge beatha) in Scotland and Ireland, gin in Holland, and brandy (eau de vie) in France
arte et marte — by skill and valour
astra inclinant, sed non obligant — the stars incline us, they do not bind us; refers to the strength of free will over astrological determinism
audemus jura nostra defendere — we dare to defend our rights; state motto of Alabama
audere est facere — to dare is to do
audio — I hear
aurea mediocritas — golden mean; refers to the ethical goal of reaching a virtuous middle ground between two sinful extremes
auribus teneo lupum — I hold a wolf by the ears; a common ancient proverb; indicates that one is in a dangerous situation where both holding on and letting go could be deadly; a modern version is, “to have a tiger by the tail”
aut cum scuto aut in scuto — either with shield or on shield; do or die, “no retreat”; said by Spartan mothers to their sons as they departed for battle
aut neca aut necare — either kill or be killed
aut viam inveniam aut faciam — I will either find a way or make one; said by Hannibal, the great ancient military commander
barba non facit philosophum — a beard doesn’t make one a philosopher
bellum omnium contra omnes — war of all against all
bis dat qui cito dat — he gives twice, who gives promptly; a gift given without hesitation is as good as two gifts
bona fide — good faith
bono malum superate — overcome evil with good
carpe diem — seize the day
caveat emptor — let the buyer beware; the purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need
circa — around, or approximately
citius altius forties — faster, higher, stronger; modern Olympics motto
cogito ergo sum — “I think therefore I am”; famous quote by Rene Descartes
contemptus mundi/saeculi — scorn for the world/times; despising the secular world, the monk or philosopher’s rejection of a mundane life and worldly values
corpus christi — body of Christ
corruptissima re publica plurimae leges — when the republic is at its most corrupt the laws are most numerous; said by Tacitus
creatio ex nihilo — creation out of nothing; a concept about creation, often used in a theological or philosophical context
cura te ipsum — take care of your own self; an exhortation to physicians, or experts in general, to deal with their own problems before addressing those of others
curriculum vitae — the course of one’s life; in business, a lengthened resume
de facto — from the fact; distinguishing what’s supposed to be from what is reality
deo volente — God willing
deus ex machina — God out of a machine; a term meaning a conflict is resolved in improbable or implausible ways
dictum factum — what is said is done
disce quasi semper victurus vive quasi cras moriturus — learn as if you’re always going to live; live as if tomorrow you’re going to die
discendo discimus — while teaching we learn
docendo disco, scribendo cogito — I learn by teaching, think by writing
ductus exemplo — leadership by example
ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt — the fates lead the willing and drag the unwilling; attributed to Lucius Annaeus Seneca
dulce bellum inexpertis — war is sweet to the inexperienced
dulce et decorum est pro patria mori — it is sweet and fitting to die for your country
dulcius ex asperis — sweeter after difficulties
e pluribus unum — out of many, one; on the U.S. seal, and was once the country’s de facto motto
emeritus — veteran; retired from office
ergo — therefore
et alii — and others; abbreviated et al.
et cetera — and the others
et tu, Brute? — last words of Caesar after being murdered by friend Brutus in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, used today to convey utter betrayal
ex animo — from the heart; thus, “sincerely”
ex libris — from the library of; to mark books from a library
ex nihilo — out of nothing
ex post facto — from a thing done afterward; said of a law with retroactive effect
faber est suae quisque fortunae — every man is the artisan of his own fortune; quote by Appius Claudius Caecus
fac fortia et patere — do brave deeds and endure
fac simile — make alike; origin of the word “fax”
flectere si nequeo superos, acheronta movebo — if I cannot move heaven I will raise hell; from Virgil’s Aeneid
fortes fortuna adiuvat — fortune favors the bold
fortis in arduis — strong in difficulties
gloria in excelsis Deo — glory to God in the highest
habeas corpus — you should have the body; a legal term from the 14th century or earlier; commonly used as the general term for a prisoner’s right to challenge the legality of their detention
habemus papam — we have a pope; used after a Catholic Church papal election to announce publicly a successful ballot to elect a new pope
historia vitae magistra — history, the teacher of life; from Cicero; also “history is the mistress of life”
hoc est bellum — this is war
homo unius libri (timeo) — (I fear) a man of one book; attributed to Thomas Aquinas
honor virtutis praemium — esteem is the reward of virtue
hostis humani generis — enemy of the human race; Cicero defined pirates in Roman law as being enemies of humanity in general
humilitas occidit superbiam — humility conquers pride
igne natura renovatur integra — through fire, nature is reborn whole
ignis aurum probat — fire tests gold; a phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances
in absentia — in the absence
in aqua sanitas — in water there is health
in flagrante delicto — in flaming crime; caught red-handed, or in the act
in memoriam — into the memory; more commonly “in memory of”
in omnia paratus — ready for anything
in situ — in position; something that exists in an original or natural state
in toto — in all or entirely
in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus — then we will fight in the shade; made famous by Spartans in the battle of Thermopylae and by the movie 300
in utero — in the womb
in vitro — in glass; biological process that occurs in the lab
incepto ne desistam — may I not shrink from my purpose
intelligenti pauca — few words suffice for he who understands
invicta — unconquered
invictus maneo — I remain unvanquished
ipso facto — by the fact itself; something is true by its very nature
labor omnia vincit — hard work conquers all
laborare pugnare parati sumus — to work, (or) to fight; we are ready
labore et honore — by labor and honor
leges sine moribus vanae — laws without morals [are] vain
lex parsimoniae — law of succinctness; also known as Occam’s Razor; the simplest explanation is usually the correct one
lex talionis — the law of retaliation
magna cum laude — with great praise
magna est vis consuetudinis — great is the power of habit
magnum opus — great work; said of someone’s masterpiece
mala fide — in bad faith; said of an act done with knowledge of its illegality, or with intention to defraud or mislead someone; opposite of bona fide
malum in se — wrong in itself; a legal term meaning that something is inherently wrong
malum prohibitum — wrong due to being prohibited; a legal term meaning that something is only wrong because it is against the law
mea culpa — my fault
meliora — better things; carrying the connotation of “always better”
memento mori — remember that [you will] die; was whispered by a servant into the ear of a victorious Roman general to check his pride as he paraded through cheering crowds after a victory; a genre of art meant to remind the viewer of the reality of his death
memento vivere — remember to live
memores acti prudentes future — mindful of what has been done, aware of what will be
modus operandi — method of operating; abbreviated M.O.
montani semper liberi — mountaineers [are] always free; state motto of West Virginia
morior invictus — death before defeat
morituri te salutant — those who are about to die salute you; popularized as a standard salute from gladiators to the emperor, but only recorded once in Roman history
morte magis metuenda senectus — old age should rather be feared than death
mulgere hircum — to milk a male goat; to attempt the impossible
multa paucis — say much in few words
nanos gigantum humeris insidentes — dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants; commonly known by the letters of Isaac Newton: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”
nec aspera terrent — they don’t terrify the rough ones; frightened by no difficulties; less literally “difficulties be damned”
nec temere nec timide — neither reckless nor timid
nil volentibus arduum — nothing [is] arduous for the willing
nolo contendere — I do not wish to contend; that is, “no contest”; a plea that can be entered on behalf of a defendant in a court that states that the accused doesn’t admit guilt, but will accept punishment for a crime
non ducor, duco — I am not led; I lead
non loqui sed facere — not talk but action
non progredi est regredi — to not go forward is to go backward
non scholae, sed vitae discimus — we learn not for school, but for life; from Seneca
non sequitur — it does not follow; in general, a comment which is absurd due to not making sense in its context (rather than due to being inherently nonsensical or internally inconsistent); often used in humor
non sum qualis eram — I am not such as I was; or “I am not the kind of person I once was”
nosce te ipsum — know thyself; from Cicero
novus ordo seclorum — new order of the ages; from Virgil; motto on the Great Seal of the United States
nulla tenaci invia est via — for the tenacious, no road is impassable
obliti privatorum, publica curate — forget private affairs, take care of public ones; Roman political saying which reminds that common good should be given priority over private matters for any person having a responsibility in the State
panem et circenses — bread and circuses; originally described all that was needed for emperors to placate the Roman mob; today used to describe any entertainment used to distract public attention from more important matters
para bellum — prepare for war; if you want peace, prepare for war; if a country is ready for war, its enemies are less likely to attack
parvis imbutus tentabis grandia tutus — when you are steeped in little things, you shall safely attempt great things; sometimes translated as, “once you have accomplished small things, you may attempt great ones safely”
pater familias — father of the family; the eldest male in a family
pecunia, si uti scis, ancilla est; si nescis, domina — if you know how to use money, money is your slave; if you don’t, money is your master
per angusta ad augusta — through difficulties to greatness
per annum — by the year
per capita — by the person
per diem — by the day
per se — through itself
persona non grata — person not pleasing; an unwelcome, unwanted or undesirable person
pollice verso — with a turned thumb; used by Roman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator
post meridiem — after noon; P.M.; used in timekeeping
post mortem — after death
postscriptum — thing having been written afterward; in writing, abbreviated P.S.
praemonitus praemunitus — forewarned is forearmed
praesis ut prosis ne ut imperes — lead in order to serve, not in order to rule
primus inter pares — first among equals; a title of the Roman Emperors
pro bono — for the good; in business, refers to services rendered at no charge
pro rata — for the rate
quam bene vivas referre (or refert), non quam diu — it is how well you live that matters, not how long; from Seneca
quasi — as if; as though
qui totum vult totum perdit — he who wants everything loses everything; attributed to Seneca
quid agis — what’s going on; what’s up, what’s happening, etc.
quid pro quo — this for that; an exchange of value
quidquid Latine dictum sit altum videtur — whatever has been said in Latin seems deep; or “anything said in Latin sounds profound”; a recent ironic Latin phrase to poke fun at people who seem to use Latin phrases and quotations only to make themselves sound more important or “educated”
quis custodiet ipsos custodes? — who will guard the guards themselves?; commonly associated with Plato
quorum — of whom; the number of members whose presence is required under the rules to make any given meeting constitutional
requiescat in pace — let him rest in peace; abbreviated R.I.P.
rigor mortis — stiffness of death
scientia ac labore — knowledge through hard work
scientia ipsa potentia est — knowledge itself is power
semper anticus — always forward
semper fidelis — always faithful; U.S. Marines motto
semper fortis — always brave
semper paratus — always prepared
semper virilis — always virile
si vales, valeo — when you are strong, I am strong
si vis pacem, para bellum — if you want peace, prepare for war
sic parvis magna — greatness from small beginnings — motto of Sir Frances Drake
sic semper tyrannis — thus always to tyrants; attributed to Brutus at the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination, and to John Wilkes Booth at the time of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination; whether it was actually said at either of these events is disputed
sic vita est — thus is life; the ancient version of “it is what it is”
sola fide — by faith alone
sola nobilitat virtus — virtue alone ennobles
solvitur ambulando — it is solved by walking
spes bona — good hope
statim (stat) — immediately; medical shorthand
status quo — the situation in which; current condition
subpoena — under penalty
sum quod eris — I am what you will be; a gravestone inscription to remind the reader of the inevitability of death
summa cum laude — with highest praise
summum bonum — the supreme good
suum cuique — to each his own
tabula rasa — scraped tablet; “blank slate”; John Locke used the term to describe the human mind at birth, before it had acquired any knowledge
tempora heroic — Heroic Age
tempus edax rerum — time, devourer of all things
tempus fugit — time flees; commonly mistranslated “time flies”
terra firma — firm ground
terra incognita — unknown land; used on old maps to show unexplored areas
vae victis — woe to the conquered
vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas — vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity; from the Bible (Ecclesiastes 1)
veni vidi vici — I came, I saw, I conquered; famously said by Julius Caesar
verbatim — repeat exactly
veritas et aequitas — truth and equity
versus — against
veto — I forbid
vice versa — to change or turn around
vincit qui patitur — he conquers who endures
vincit qui se vincit — he conquers who conquers himself
vir prudens non contra ventum mingit — [a] wise man does not urinate [up] against the wind
virile agitur — the manly thing is being done
viriliter agite — act in a manly way
viriliter agite estote fortes — quit ye like men, be strong
virtus tentamine gaudet — strength rejoices in the challenge
virtute et armis — by virtue and arms; or “by manhood and weapons”; state motto of Mississippi
vive memor leti — live remembering death
vivere est vincere — to live is to conquer; Captain John Smith’s personal motto
vivere militare est — to live is to fight
vox populi — voice of the people

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Источник

This list of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names is intended to help those unfamiliar with classical languages to understand and remember the scientific names of organisms. The binomial nomenclature used for animals and plants is largely derived from Latin and Greek words, as are some of the names used for higher taxa, such as orders and above. At the time when biologist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) published the books that are now accepted as the starting point of binomial nomenclature, Latin was used in Western Europe as the common language of science, and scientific names were in Latin or Greek: Linnaeus continued this practice.

While learning Latin is now less common, it is still used by classical scholars, and for certain purposes in botany, medicine and the Roman Catholic Church, and it can still be found in scientific names. It is helpful to be able to understand the source of scientific names. Although the Latin names do not always correspond to the current English common names, they are often related, and if their meanings are understood, they are easier to recall. The binomial name often reflects limited knowledge or hearsay about a species at the time it was named. For instance Pan troglodytes, the chimpanzee, and Troglodytes troglodytes, the wren, are not necessarily cave-dwellers.

Sometimes a genus name or specific descriptor is simply the Latin or Greek name for the animal (e.g. Canis is Latin for dog). These words may not be included in the table below if they only occur for one or two taxa. Instead, the words listed below are the common adjectives and other modifiers that repeatedly occur in the scientific names of many organisms (in more than one genus).

Adjectives vary according to gender, and in most cases only the lemma form (nominative singular masculine form) is listed here. 1st-and-2nd-declension adjectives end in -us (masculine), -a (feminine) and -um (neuter), whereas 3rd-declension adjectives ending in -is (masculine and feminine) change to -e (neuter). For example, verus is listed without the variants for Aloe vera or Galium verum.

The second part of a binomial is often a person’s name in the genitive case, ending -i (masculine) or -ae (feminine), such as Kaempfer’s tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus kaempferi. The name may be converted into a Latinised form first, giving -ii and -iae instead.

Words that are very similar to their English forms have been omitted.

Some of the Greek transliterations given are Ancient Greek, and others are Modern Greek.

In the tables, L = Latin, G = Greek, and LG = similar in both languages.

This list is not, and is not intended to be, exhaustive. To find other taxa which include the names listed here, use the intitle command in the search box

A[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
acanthus etc.	G ἄκανθος (ákanthos)	thorny, spiny	Acanthus plant; Parorchis acanthus, a flatworm Munida acantha, a squat lobster; prickly ceratina, Ceratina acantha spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias; Reinhardt’s snake-eater, Polemon acanthias cotton thistle, Onopordum acanthium	acanthus – acanthias – acantha – acanthium
acaulis	G, L	stemless	silver thistle, Carlina acaulis; dwarf date palm, Phoenix acaulis	acaulis – acaule
actin-, actino-	G ἀκτίς (aktis)	ray, radial	Schefflera actinophylla, Actinopterygii	actin — actino
acutus	L	sharpened, pointed	American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus; angled sunbeam (butterfly), Curetis acuta; northern pintail, Anas acuta	acutus – acuta – acutum
aculeatus	L	prickly	short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus; three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus; butcher’s-broom, Ruscus aculeatus	aculeatus – aculeata – aculeatum
adustus	L	singed, burnt	side-striped jackal, Canis adustus; dark onyx cowry, Erronea adusta	adustus – adusta – adustum
aequalis	L	equal	common Atlantic grenadier, Nezumia aequalis; clay-coloured billbug, Sphenophorus aequalis Trogoxylon aequale, a beetle; Omophron aequale, a ground beetle	aequalis – aequale
aestivus	L	summer	summer asphodel, Asphodelus aestivus; rough green snake, Opheodrys aestivus turquoise-fronted amazon, Amazona aestiva; summer spider orchid, Caladenia aestiva Loddon lily, Leucojum aestivum; common wheat, Triticum aestivum	aestivus – aestiva – aestivum
affinis	L	neighbouring, similar, kindred	lesser scaup, Aythya affinis; dugite, Pseudonaja affinis blue tongue, Melastoma affine; Persian violet, Exacum affine	affinis – affine
africanus	L	African	reed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus; southern African frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus africana; African clubhook-squid, Notonykia africanae; pyjama shark, Poroderma africanum; lemon basil, Ocimum × africanum	africanus – africana, africanae – africanum
agrestis	L	of the field, wild	field vole, Microtus agrestis; green field-speedwell, Veronica agrestis	agrestis – agreste
alatus	L āla	winged	pitcher plant, Nepenthes alata; sharpwing monkeyflower, Mimulus alatus; winged elm, Ulmus alata; winged everlasting, Ammobium alatum; winged loosestrife, Lythrum alatum; winged seahorse, Hippocampus alatus; winged-stem passion flower, Passiflora alata	alatus – alata – alatum
albiceps	L	white-headed	blow fly, Chrysomya albiceps; moth, Syngamia albiceps; wood groundling, Parachronistis albiceps; Mexican golden red rump tarantula, Brachypelma albiceps	albiceps
albidens	L	white-toothed	white-toothed brush mouse, Coccymys albidens; see also leucodon	albidens
albopictus	L	painted white	Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus; Moneilema albopictum	albopictus – albopicta – albopictum
albus	L	white	white ibis, Eudocimus albus; white oak, Quercus alba; mistletoe, Viscum album	albus – alba – album
alpinus	L	alpine; of the Alps	alpine aster, Aster alpinus; alpine bearberry, Arctostaphylos alpina; alpine feverfew, Parthenium alpinum	alpinus – alpina – alpinum
amabilis	L	lovable	lovable lily, Lilium amabile; lovely cotinga, Cotinga amabilis; lovely fairywren, Malurus amabilis; lovely fir, Abies amabilis	amabilis – amabile
ambiguus	L	uncertain	beautiful woolly sunflower, Eriophyllum ambiguum; doubtful cone, Conus ambiguus; questionable Stropharia, Stropharia ambigua; tick bush, Kunzea ambigua	ambiguus – ambigua – ambiguum
amblys	G ἀμβλύς (amblús)	blunt, dull	marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus	amblys – All pages with titles beginning with Ambly
americanus	L	American	American black bear, Ursus americanus; American hazel nut, Corylus americana; American mastodon, Mammut americanum	americanus – americana – americanum
amphi-	G ἀμφί (amphí)	of all kinds, on all sides	amphibian; Amphipoda	All pages with titles beginning with Amphi
ampulla	L	bottle, flask	northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus	ampullatus – ampullata – ampullatum – All pages with titles beginning with Ampulla
amurensis	L	from the Amur River	Amur grape, Vitis amurensis	amurensis – amurense
anglicus	L	from England	Common cordgrass, Sporobolus anglicus; Bibio anglicus, a fly; English sundew, Drosera anglica; English whitebeam, Sorbus anglica; English stonecrop, Sedum anglicum	anglicus – anglica – anglicum
angolensis	L	from Angola	African teak, Pterocarpus angolensis	angolensis – angolense
angustiflorus	L	narrow-flowered	Eastwood’s bellflower, Campanula angustiflora; narrowflower lupine, Lupinus angustiflorus	angustiflorus – angustiflora – angustiflorum
angustifolius	L	narrow-leaved	narrowleaf cottongrass, Eriophorum angustifolium; narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia; narrowleaf sunflower, Helianthus angustifolius	angustifolius – angustifolia – angustifolium
angustus	L	narrow	narrow-banded widow, Dingana angusta; narrowleaf pansy monkeyflower, Mimulus angustatus; slimleaf bean, Phaseolus angustissimus; Prairie acacia, Acaciella angustissima; sea snail, Vexillum angustissimum	angustus – angusta – angustum – angustatus – angustissimus – angustissima – angustissimum
antarcticus	L	of the southern hemisphere	chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus; gummy shark, Mustelus antarcticus; brown skua, Stercorarius antarcticus	antarcticus – antarctica – antarcticum
anthos	G ἄνθος (ánthos)	flower	anthozoans, Anthozoa; golden wattle, Acacia pycnantha;	All pages with titles beginning with Antho
anthropo-	G ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos)	man, human being	Paranthropus	All pages with titles beginning with Anthropo
apis	L	bee	western honey bee, Apis mellifera; white sage, Salvia apiana	apianus – apiana – apianum – All pages with titles beginning with Api
aquaticus	L	found near water	eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus; wild rice, Zizania aquatica; water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica; parrot’s-feather, Myriophyllum aquaticum,	aquaticus – aquatica – aquaticum
arborescens	L	tree-like or shrub-like	Artemisia arborescens; Aloe arborescens; Hydrangea arborescens	arborescens
archaeo-	G ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos)	ancient	Archaeopteryx	All pages with titles beginning with Archaeo – All pages with titles beginning with Archeo
arch-, archi-, archo-, -archus	G ἀρχός (arkhos)	ruler, leader, prince, highest, greatest	Archidendron grandiflorum	archi — archo archo — archus
arctos	G ἄρκτος (árktos)	bear	grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis; common bearberry, Arctostaphylos	arctos – All pages with titles beginning with Arcto
arena	L	sand	sand iris, Iris arenaria; sand rock-cress, Arabidopsis arenosa; sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius; sand-dusted cone, Conus arenatus	arenarius – arenaria – arenarium – arenatus – arenata – arenosa
arenicolus	L	sand-dwelling	dunes sagebrush lizard, Sceloporus arenicolus; sand goldenrod, Solidago arenicola; sanddwelling dewberry, Rubus arenicola; sandy stargazer, Gillellus arenicola	arenicolus – arenicola
argentatus	L	silvery	European herring gull, Larus argentatus	argentatus – argentata – argentatum
argenteus	L	silvery	silver buffaloberry, Shepherdia argentea; silver tree, Leucadendron argenteum; silvery lupine, Lupinus argenteus; white mulberry, Pipturus argenteus	argenteus – argentea – argenteum
argentum	L	silver	sea snail, Calliostoma argentum	argentum
argillicola	L	living on clay	clay Fiddler Crab, Minuca argillicola; Hullsia argillicola	argillicola
aromatica	G ἄρωμα (árōma)	aromatic	clove nutmeg, Ravensara aromatica; Croton aromaticus; clove, Syzygium aromaticum	aromaticus – aromatica – aromaticum
arthro-	G ἄρθρον (árthron)	joint	Arthropoda	All pages with titles beginning with Arthro
arvensis	L	in the field	skylark, Alauda arvensis; field horsetail, Equisetum arvense	arvensis – arvense
asiatica	L	Asian	white-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica; Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus, Persian buttercup, Ranunculus asiaticus	asiatica – asiaticus
astro-, astero-	G ἄστρον (ástron)	star	starfish (class), Asteroidea	All pages with titles beginning with Astero – All pages with titles beginning with Astro
ater	L	dull black	common chuckwalla, Sauromalus ater; Eurasian coot, Fulica atra; black swan, Cygnus atratus; black yarrow, Achillea atrata; creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus see also niger	ater – atra – atrum – atratus – atrata – atratum
atropurpureus	L	deep purple, blackish-purple	Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’; Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea; purple-flowered cotoneaster, Cotoneaster atropurpureus	atropurpureus – atropurpurea – atropurpureum
aurantius, aurantiacus	L	orange-colored	bitter orange, Citrus aurantium	aurantius – aurantia – aurantium; aurantiacus – aurantiaca – aurantiacum
aureus	L	golden	golden jackal, Canis aureus; Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria) see also chrysos	aureus – aurea – aureum
auritus	L	having (large) ears	brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus; double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus; long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus moon jellyfish, Aurelia aurita yerba santa, Piper auritum; blue eared pheasant, Crossoptilon auritum	auritus – aurita – auritum
australis	L	southern	southern right whale, Eubalaena australis	australis – australe

B[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
baccatus	L	berry-bearing	common yew, Taxus baccata; Conus baccatus, a sea snail	baccatus — baccata — baccatum
barbatus	L barba	bearded	bearded catasetum, Catasetum barbatum; bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus; black-chinned siskin, Spinus barbata; Bornean bearded pig, Sus barbatus; golden-beard penstemon, Penstemon barbatus	barbatus – barbata – barbatum
bicolor	L	two-colored	bicolor angelfish, Centropyge bicolor; bicolor cleanerfish, Labroides bicolor; bicolored moth, Manulea bicolor	bicolor
bicoloratus	L	two-colored	bicolored angle, Macaria bicolorata; Kenya two-headed snake, Micrelaps bicoloratus; orchid, Bulbophyllum bicoloratum	bicoloratus – bicolorata – bicoloratum
bicornis	L	two-horned	black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis	bicornis
bios	G βίος (bíos)	life	amphibian; biota, all living things	bios
blandus	L	pleasant, smooth, alluring	Greek windflower, Anemone blanda; Mallos blandus, a spider	blandus — blanda — blandum
borealis	L	northern	northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis northern bedstraw, Galium boreale	borealis — boreale
brachion	G βραχίων (brakhíōn)	arm	Przewalski’s gerbil, Brachiones przewalskii; Brachiopoda (phylum); Brachiosaurus	All pages with titles beginning with Brachio
brasiliensis	L	Brazilian	Brazilian brown bat Eptesicus brasiliensis	All pages with titles containing Brasiliensis
brachy-	G βραχύς (brakhús)	short	Brazilian gold frog, Brachycephalus didactylus	All pages with titles beginning with Brachy
brachyphyllus	G	short-leaved	extinct plant genus, Brachyphyllum; flower, Colchicum brachyphyllum; leaf-nosed bats, Brachyphylla; shortleaf baccharis, Baccharis brachyphylla; see also brevifolius	brachyphyllus – brachyphylla – brachyphyllum
brady-	G βραδύς (bradús)	slow	pygmy three-toed sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus	All pages with titles beginning with Brady
branchia	G βράγχιον (bránkhion)	gills	Lamellibranchia (class, syn. Bivalva); Branchiopoda (class, brine shrimps)	All pages with titles beginning with Branchi
brasiliensis	L	from Brazil	Brazilian marsh rat, Holochilus brasiliensis; Brazilian stick mantis, Brunneria brasiliensis; rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis	brasiliensis – brasiliense
brevi-	L brevis	short	silvery-cheeked hornbill, Ceratogymna brevis	brevis — breve — All pages with titles beginning with Brevi
brevicaudatus	L	short-tailed	bearded leaf chameleon, Rieppeleon brevicaudatus; sea snail, Lophiotoma brevicaudata; short-tailed ceratosoma, Ceratosoma brevicaudatum	brevicaudatus – brevicaudata – brevicaudatum
brevicollis	L	short-necked	short-necked oil beetle, Meloe brevicollis	brevicollis – brevicolle
brevifolius	L	short-leaved	Joshua tree, Yucca brevifolia; short-leaved dudleya, Dudleya blochmaniae subsp. brevifolia; shortleaf sneezeweed, Helenium brevifolium; zig-zag bog-rush, Schoenus brevifolius; see also brachyphyllus	brevifolius – brevifolia – brevifolium
brevirostris	L	short beak	pignosed arrowtooth eel, Dysomma brevirostre; shortnose ponyfish, Leiognathus brevirostris	brevirostris – brevirostre
britannicus	L	from Great Britain	Rumex britannica, a knotweed; British yellowhead, Inula britannica; Cortinarius britannicus, a mushroom; Geastrum britannicum, an earthstar fungus	britannicus — britannica — britannicum
bulbus	G βολβός	bulb	bulbous buttercup, Ranunculus bulbosus; onion cone, Conus bulbus	bulbus – bulbosus – bulbosa

C[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
caecus	L	blind	blind mole, Talpa caeca; northern eyed hawkmoth, Smerinthus caecus	caecus — caeca — caecum
caeruleus	L	blue	Eurasian blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus; blue passion flower, Passiflora caerulea	caeruleus — caerulea — caeruleum
californicus	L	California	California blue dorid, Felimare californiensis	californicus — californica — californiensis
callosus	L	calloused	large vesper mouse, Calomys callosus; tree fern, Cyathea callosa; orchid, Paphiopedilum callosum	callosus — callosa — callosum
calvus	L	bald	Altolamprologus calvus, Isbrueckerichthys calvus, both fish Banasa calva, a stink bug; Trichocorixa calva, a water boatman Intrasporangium calvum, a bacterium; Bulbophyllum calvum, an orchid	calvus— calva — calvum
cambricus	L, from Cambria	from Wales	wild cotoneaster, Cotoneaster cambricus; Alalcomenaeus cambricus, fossil arthropod Welsh wave, Venusia cambrica; Welsh eyebright, Euphrasia cambrica Welsh poppy, Papaver cambricum; limestone polypody, Polypodium cambricum Welsh groundsel, Senecio cambrensis; Flexicalymene cambrensis, a fossil trilobite	cambricus — cambrica — cambricum — cambrensis
canadensis	L	from Canada	bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis	canadensis — canadense
candidus	L	brightly white, shining white	Madonna lily, Lilium candidum	candidus — candida — candidum
canescens	L	turning grey- or white-haired	Geraea canescens (desert sunflower); Atriplex canescens	canescens
canis	L	dog	coyote, Canis latrans; Dipylidium caninum (a tapeworm)	canis — caninus — canina — caninum
canorus	L canōrus	melodious	common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus; Chinese hwamei, Garrulax canorus Cuban grassquit, Phonipara canora; Campylocheta canora, a tachinid fly	canorus — canora — canorum
canus	L	gray (haired), pale gray	grey-headed woodpecker, Picus canus; woolly groundsel, Senecio canus	canus — cana — canum
caprae	L	of a goat	Staphylococcus caprae	caprae — capri
castaneus	L	chestnut(-colored)	chestnut bolete, Gyroporus castaneus; reddish carpenter ant, Camponotus castaneus chestnut, Castanea; chestnut short-tailed bat, Carollia castanea chestnut leek orchid, Prasophyllum castaneum; red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum	castaneus — castanea — castaneum
cauda	L	tail	long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus; thintail skate, Dipturus leptocaudus; northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda
caulos	G καυλός (kaulós)	stem, stalk	stemless gentian, Gentiana acaulis	acaulis — acaule
cephalo-	G κεφαλή (kephalḗ)	head	Mediterranean gull, Larus melanocephalus; blue-spotted grouper, Cephalopholis argus	All pages with titles beginning with Cephal
-ceps	L caput	head	pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps; biceps (two-headed muscle)
ceros	L cornū G κέρας (kéras)	horn	narwal, Monodon monoceros; rhinoceros (nose horn)
cest	L cestus G κεστός (kestós)	girdle, belt, stitched	Cestoda	All pages with titles beginning with Cest
chaetes	G χαίτη (khaítē)	flowing hair, or mane	wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou
chilensis	L	from Chile	paradise tanager, Tangara chilensis	chilensis — chilense
chinensis	L	from China	China rose, Rosa chinensis; Chinese onion, Allium chinense; Chinese sumac, Rhus chinensis; see also Sinense, below	chinensis – chinense
chloro-	G χλωρός (khlōrós)	pale green	common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus	All pages with titles beginning with Chloro
chordatus	L	spined	chordates; Stylephorus chordatus, Tinospora cordifolia	chordatus – chordata – chordatum
chroma	G χρῶμα (khrôma)	color	clown loach, Chromobotia macracanthus	All pages with titles beginning with Chrom
chrysos	G χρυσός (khrusós)	gold	Chrysochloridae (golden moles); golden pheasant, Chrysolophus pictus; maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus see also aureus	All pages with titles beginning with Chryso
chrysophyllus	G	gold-leaved	golden chinquapin, Chrysolepis chrysophylla; golden-leaved Jerusalem sage, Phlomis chrysophylla; satinleaf, Chrysophyllum oliviforme	chrysophyllus – chrysophylla – chrysophyllum
cilium	L	eyelash	Ashland thistle, Cirsium ciliolatum; bristleworm, Polydora ciliata; eyelash gecko, Correlophus ciliatus; queen angelfish, Holacanthus ciliaris; Australian red cedar, Toona ciliata; sickle-leaved cymodocea, Thalassodendron ciliatum	ciliaris – ciliare – ciliatus – ciliata – ciliatum – ciliolatum
cinereus	L	ash, ash-colored	masked shrew, Sorex cinereus; Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea; gray thrasher, Toxostoma cinereum; common gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus	cinereus – cinerea – cinereum
cirrhus	G κιρρός (kirrhós)	orange	fringe-lipped bat, Trachops cirrhosus; mrigal carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus; silverspotted sculpin, Blepsias cirrhosus	cirrhosus – cirrhosa – cirrhosum
citri	L	citrus	the citrus blossom moth, Prays citri	citri
colchicus	L	from Colchis (Greek Κολχῐ́ς, Kolchís) or Georgia	common pheasant, Phasianus colchicus; Phoxinus colchicus, a minnow Caucasian bladdernut, Staphylea colchica; Colchic holly, Ilex colchica Colchic nase, Chondrostoma colchicum; Cyclamen colchicum, a primrose	colchicus — colchica — colchicum
cneme	G κνήμη (knḗmē)	shin, leg	white-legged damselfly, Platycnemis pennipes
—cola	L —cola	inhabitant	Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola; paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola The forms —colus and —colum are also found, although they are not considered to be correct Latin: deepwater grenadier, Coryphaenoides profundicolus; black-sided flowerpecker, Dicaeum monticolum.^[1]
clathratus	L	grated, latticed	kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus; clathrate nassa, Nassarius clathratus slender-armed starfish, Luidia clathrata; latticed sandperch, Parapercis clathrata Allium clathratum, an onion; Vexillum clathratum, a sea snail	clathratus — clathrata — clathratum
collaris	L	collared	ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris; collared pika, Ochotona collaris collared carpetshark, Parascyllium collare; mottled sand grasshopper, Spharagemon collare	collaris – collare
compressus	L compressus	slender, pressed together	slender oatgrass, Danthonia compressa; slender crayfish, Faxonius compressus emerald cockroach wasp, Ampulex compressa; empire gudgeon, Hypseleotris compressa Dendrobium compressum, an orchid	compressus – compressa – compressum
concolor	L	having uniform color throughout	cougar, Puma concolor; white fir, Abies concolor
conno-	G κόννος (kónnos)	beard	wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou	All pages with titles beginning with Conno
corax	L corvus G κόραξ (kórax)	crow, raven	common raven, Corvus corax	corax
cordatus	L	heart-shaped	cordate (leaf shape); small-leaved lime, Tilia cordata; sea potato, Echinocardium cordatum	cordatus – cordata – cordatum
cordifolius	L	heart-shaped leaves	heartleaf aster, Symphyotrichum cordifolium; heart-leaved moonseed, Tinospora cordifolia; Tucson bur ragweed, Ambrosia cordifolia	cordifolius – cordifolia – cordifolium
coriaceus	L, from corium («leather»)	leathery	Pajahuello tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus; beach bird’s eye, Alectryon coriaceus blue china vine, Holboellia coriacea; leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea green tea-tree, Leptospermum coriaceum; inland rock orchid, Dendrobium coriaceum	coriaceus — coriacea — coriaceum
cornu	L cornū	horn	garden snail, Cornu aspersum; great ramshorn, Planorbarius corneus	All pages with titles beginning with Cornu
coronatus	L	crowned	crowned lemur, Eulemur coronatus; crowned turban shell, Lunella coronata	coronatus – coronata – coronatum
costatus	L	ribbed	ribbed slipper shell, Maoricrypta costata; striped Raphael catfish, Platydoras costatus	costatus – costata – costatum
crassus, crassi—	L	thick, fat	creeping blueberry, Vaccinium crassifolium; inflated spiny crab, Rochinia crassa; mouthless crab, Cardisoma crassum	crassus – crassa – crassum
cristatus	L	crested	aardwolf, Proteles cristatus; blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata; crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum	cristatus – cristata – cristatum
crocos	G κρόκος (krókos)	yellow	bicoloured white-toothed shrew, Crocidura leucodon; saffron, Crocus sativus; spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta	All pages with titles beginning with croc
crypto-	G κρυπτός (kruptós)	hidden	Cryptococcus; Cryptosporidium	All pages with titles beginning with Crypto
culminicola	L	summit dweller	Elaeocarpus culminicola; Euxoa culminicola; Pinus culminicola, Potosi pinyon	All pages with titles containing culminicola
cursor	L	runner, racer	cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor; cursorial akodont, Akodon cursor; Lacépède’s ground snake, Erythrolamprus cursor	cursor
curvirostris	L	curved beak	boxer snipe eel, Nemichthys curvirostris; curve-billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre	curvirostris – curvirostre
cyano-	G κυανός (kuanós)	blue-green	azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyanus; big blue octopus, Octopus cyanea; blue orchid, Aganisia cyanea	All pages with titles beginning with Cyano – cyaneus – cyanea – cyaneum

D[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
dactyl-, dactylo-	G δάκτυλος (dáktulos)	finger or toe	black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla; Pterodactylus	All pages with titles beginning with Dactyl
deca-, deka-	G δέκα (déka)	ten	alfonsino, Beryx decadactylus	All pages with titles beginning with Deca
decem	L	ten	Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
delphis	G δελφύς (delphús)	womb	virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana
dendr-, dendri-, dendro-, -dendron, -dendrum	G δένδρον (déndron)	tree	Philodendron, Dendrobium, Rhododendron	dendro — dendron — dendrum
derma	G δέρμα (dérma)	skin	yellow staining mushroom, Agaricus xanthodermus	All pages with titles beginning with Derm
di-	G δι- (di-)	two	Christmas orchid, Dipodium punctatum	Too common a letter combination for any useful search
diffusus	L diffundere	diffuse	diffuse spineflower, Chorizanthe diffusa; fly, Paralimnophila diffusior; rush, Juncus diffusissimus; spreading groundsmoke, Gayophytum diffusum; spreading lupine, Lupinus diffusus; spreading phlox, Phlox diffusa	diffusus – diffusa – diffusum – diffusior – diffusissimus
digitatus	L	having fingers	finger rush Juncus digitatus; baobab, Adansonia digitata; dead man’s fingers, Alcyonium digitatum	digitatus — digitata — digitatum
dilatatus	L	dilated, extended	dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum; Maianthemum dilatatum	dilatatus — dilatata — dilatatum
dioica	L	dioicous	common nettle, Urtica dioica	dioica
dino-, deino-	G δεινός (deinós)	terrifying	dinosaur, Deinotherium	All pages with titles beginning with Dino
diplo-	G διπλός (diplós)	double	two-eyed orange spider, Diploglena capensis	All pages with titles beginning with Diplo
disc, disk	G δίσκος (dískos)	disc	common fungus moth, Metalectra discalis	All pages with titles beginning with Disc — discalis — discale
dodeca-	G δώδεκα (dṓdeka)	twelve	Henderson’s shootingstar, Dodecatheon hendersonii	All pages with titles beginning with Dodeca
dolicho-	G δολιχός (dolikhós)	elongated, long	knight anole, Anolis dolichocephalus	All pages with titles beginning with Dolicho
domesticus	L	of the house or domestic	domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica; house sparrow, Passer domesticus	domesticus — domestica — domesticum
dorsum	L	back	back-striped weasel, Mustela strigidorsa	All pages with titles beginning with Dors
dubius	L	doubtful	little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius see also nomina dubia	dubius – dubia
dulcis	L	sweet	almond, Prunus dulcis	dulcis – dulce
dumetorum	L, from dumus, «bramble»	«of the thickets»	Blyth’s reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum; bitter yam, Dioscorea dumetorum; coastal green hairstreak, Callophrys dumetorum	dumetorum
dumicola	L	scrub dweller	Acaena dumicola; Cerbera dumicola; Stegodyphus dumicola, African social spider	All pages with titles containing dumicola

E[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
eburneus	L eburneus	ivory-colored	ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea	eburneus — eburnea — eburneum
echinatus	L	prickly, spiny	Edisto crayfish, Procambarus echinatus; shortleaf pine, Pinus echinata	echinatus — echinata — echinatum
echino-	L echīnus G ἐχῖνος (ekhînos)	hedgehog, sea-urchin	great globe thistle, Echinops sphaerocephalus; diadema urchin, Echinothrix diadema; San Pedro cactus, Echinopsis pachanoi	All pages with titles beginning with Echino
edulis	L	edible	common cockle, Cerastoderma edule; king bolete, Boletus edulis; oyster, Ostrea edulis; passion fruit, Passiflora edulis	edulis — edule
elatior	L	taller	true oxlip, Primula elatior	elatior
electro-	G ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)	amber, amber-colored or electric (modern usage)	broad-billed motmot, Electron platyrhynchum; electric eel, Electrophorus electricus	No simple way to distinguish biological from other uses
elegans	L	elegant	crimson rosella, Platycercus elegans ; Granastyochus elegantissimus; Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima; false aralia, Plerandra elegantissima; Caecum elegantissimum	elegans — elegantissimus — elegantissima — elegantissimum
emarginatus	L	having no edges	Phongolo suckermouth, Chiloglanis emarginatus; Gibraltar sea lavender, Limonium emarginatum; acerola, Malpighia emarginata; bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata	emarginatus — emarginata — emarginatum
enanti-	G ἐναντίος (enantíos)	opposite, against	Enantiornithes	All pages with titles beginning with Enantio
ennea-	G ἐννέα (ennéa)	nine	banded sunfish Enneacanthus obesus; scurvy-grass sorrel, Oxalis enneaphylla	All pages with titles beginning with Ennea
ensatus	L	sword-like	California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus	ensatus — ensata — ensatum
ensis, ensi-	L	sword, lance	jackknife clam, Ensis minor; swordleaf rush, Juncus ensifolius	All pages with titles beginning with Ensi — ensiformis
-ensis	L	of, from (a place)	Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bat); Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis
eques	L	knight, horseman	North Atlantic codling, Lepidion eques ; western horse lubber grasshopper, Taeniopoda eques; leafy seadragon, Phycodurus eques Aspergillus equitis; Cygnus equitum; Hoheria equitum	eques
erectus	L	upright	Homo erectus («upright man»); upright chickweed, Moenchia erecta	erectus — erecta — erectum
erio-	G ἔριον (érion)	wool, woolly	common cottongrass, Eriophorum angustifolium	All pages with titles beginning with Erio
erosus	L	indented, jagged, serrated	jícama, Pachyrhizus erosus; serrated hinge-back tortoise, Kinixys erosa	erosus — erosa — erosum
erythro-	G ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)	red^[2]	spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus; dog’s-tooth violet, Erythronium dens-canis	All pages with titles beginning with Erythro
esculentus	L	edible	edible frog, Pelophylax kl. esculentus; Gyromitra esculenta	esculentus esculenta esculentum
europaeus	L	European	European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus; European owl moth, Brahmaea europaea	europaeus – europaea – europaeum
excelsus	L	exalted	African teak, Milicia excelsa; excelsior cone, Conus excelsus	excelsus – excelsa – excelsum

F[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
fallax	L	false	false swift, Borbo fallax; green marvel, Acronicta fallax	fallax
falx	L	sickle	sickle milkvetch, Astragalus falcatus; sickle-leaved hare’s-ear, Bupleurum falcatum; sicklethorn, Asparagus falcatus; wild pear, Persoonia falcata	falcatus – falcata – falcatum – falciformis – falx
familiaris	L	domestic, common, familiar	dog, Canis lupus familiaris
felis	L	cat	black-footed cat, Felis nigripes; cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis
felinus	L	cat-like, feline	cat gecko, Aeluroscalabotes felinus; marine otter, Lontra felina	felinus – felina – felinum
-fer	L	-bearing	western honey bee, Apis mellifera; coconut, Cocos nucifera
ferox	L	ferocious, wild, bold	long snouted lancetfish, Alepisaurus ferox; fossa, Cryptoprocta ferox	ferox
ferus	L	wild	wild horse, Equus ferus; wild Bactrian camel, Camelus ferus	ferus – fera – ferum
ferrugo	L	rust	ferruginous swift, Borbo ferruginea; reddish-brown corky spine fungus, Hydnellum ferrugineum; rusty bloodwood, Corymbia ferruginea; rusty parrotfish, Scarus ferrugineus; rusty pitohui, Pseudorectes ferrugineus	ferrugineus – ferruginea – ferrugineum
fidelis	L	faithful	faithful sea slug, Goniobranchus fidelis; faithful leafcutting bee, Megachile fidelis; Pacific sideband, Monadenia fidelis	fidelis
filum	L	thread	desert fan palm, Washingtonia filifera; thread fern, Blechnum filiforme; thread-leaved sundew, Drosera filiformis	filifer – filifera – filiformis – filiforme
fimbriatus	L	fringed, fibrous	Coomsaharn char, Salvelinus fimbriatus; crested gliding lizard, Draco fimbriatus trumpet cup lichen, Cladonia fimbriata; fringed jumping spider, Portia fimbriata fringed earthstar, Geastrum fimbriatum; gang-gang cockatoo, Callocephalon fimbriatum	fimbriatus – fimbriata – fimbriatum
flavus	L	golden yellow, light yellow	yellow pitcher plant, Sarracenia flava; yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis	flavus – flava – flavum
floridus	L	flowery	blue palo verde, Parkinsonia florida; floral banded wobbegong, Orectolobus floridus	floridus – floridum
flor-	L flos	flower	southern magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora; great white trillium, Trillium grandiflorum	All pages with titles beginning with flori
fodiens	L fodere	digging	burying beetle, Nicrophorus defodiens; burying beetle, Nicrophorus infodiens; Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens; lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens
folium	L	leaf	American beech, Fagus grandifolia; broad-leaved sermountain, Laserpitium latifolium; Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia; Joshua tree, Yucca brevifolia; upright snottygobble, Persoonia longifolia
formosanus	L fōrmōsānus	from Taiwan (formerly called Formosa)	Formosan black bear, Ursus thibetanus formosanus; Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Taiwan flower mantis, Acromantis formosana; Taiwanese sweet gum, Liquidambar formosana red quinoa, Chenopodium formosanum; Taiwan saddled carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum	formosanus – formosana – formosanum
formosus	L fōrmōsus	(well-)formed, beautiful	beautiful bronzeback tree snake, Dendrelaphis formosus; Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa; least killifish, Heterandria formosa giant maidenhair, Adiantum formosum; beautiful giant-flowered dendrobium, Dendrobium formosum	formosus – formosa – formosum
fragilis	L frangere	breakable	brittle bladder-fern, Cystopteris fragilis; brittle willow, Salix × fragilis; candy cap, Lactarius fragilis; Dientamoeba fragilis; dead man’s fingers, Codium fragile; fragile wart frog, Limnonectes fragilis	fragilis
fuliginosus	L	sooty	jet black ant, Lasius fuliginosus; ruby tiger, Phragmatobia fuliginosa; sooty hairstreak, Satyrium fuliginosum; sooty milkcap, Lactarius fuliginosus	fuliginosus – fuliginosa – fuliginosum
fulvus	L	deep yellow, tawny	Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva; sulphur leather coral, Rhytisma fulvum; tawny grisette, Amanita fulva; yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus	fulvus – fulva – fulvum
furcatus	L	forked	forked viburnum, Viburnum furcatum; forked wormwood, Artemisia furcata; swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus	furcatus – furcata – furcatum
fuscus	L	dark, dark brown	dusky hopping mouse, Notomys fuscus; dusky pitcher-plant, Nepenthes fusca; rusty peat moss, Sphagnum fuscum; sooty tern, Sterna fuscata	fuscus – fusca – fuscum

G[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
gala, galum	G γάλα (gála)	milk	soap plants, Chlorogalum
garrulus	L	chattering, talkative	Garrulus, a genus of jays; Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus Eupithecia garrula, an inchworm moth; chestnut-winged chachalaca, Ortalis garrula Chelostoma garrulum, a carder bee; Omicron garrulum, a potter wasp	garrulus – garrula – garrulum
gaster, gastro-, gastr-	L gaster G γαστήρ (gastḗr)	belly	common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster; Gastropoda
geo-	G γαῖα, γῆ (gê)	Earth	Conus geographus, geography cone; Geotrichum
giganteus	L	giant	giganteus (a sea snail); Aldabra giant tortoise, Aldabrachelys gigantea	giganteus – gigantea – giganteum
gigas	G γίγας	giant	Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas; snow morel, Gyromitra gigas; cœur de la mer, Entada gigas	All pages with titles containing gigas
glaber	L glaber	smooth; hairless^[3]	naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber; smooth sumac, Rhus glabra; Omphiscola glabra (a snail)	glaber – glabra – glabrum
glacialis	L	found in glaciers	North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis; glacier wormwood, Artemisia glacialis glacier lantern fish, Benthosema glaciale; Endocellion glaciale, a daisy	glacialis – glaciale
glandulosus	L	having kernels	Tasmanian laurel, Anopterus glandulosus, Basilan Island caecilian, Ichthyophis glandulosus; honey mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa, warty jumping-slug, Hemphillia glandulosa; skunk currant, Ribes glandulosum,	glandulosus – glandulosa – glandulosum
glaucus	L glaucus G γλαυκός (glaukós)	blue-green, blue-gray, gleaming	silvery blue butterfly, Lepidochrysops glauca; Glaucidae, nudibranch family	glaucus – glauca – glaucum
glutinosus	L glutinosus	sticky	common alder, Alnus glutinosa; viscid black earth tongue, Glutinoglossum glutinosum; northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus	glutinosus – glutinosa – glutinosum
glyco-, glycy-, glyc-	G γλυκύς (glukús)	sweet	liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra; soybean, Glycine max
gracilis, gracile	L	slender, graceful	western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis; slough darter, Etheostoma gracile; Gracilisuchus	gracilis – gracile
gracilipes	L grăcĭlĭpes^[4]	slender-footed	slender frog, Austrochaperina gracilipes; slender-legged bushfrog, Gracixalus gracilipes; slenderstalk monkeyflower, Mimulus gracilipes; slimfoot century plant, Agave gracilipes	gracilipes
graniticus	L	granite	granite claw flower, Calothamnus graniticus; granite poverty bush, Eremophila granitica; granite serpentweed, Tonestus graniticus	graniticus – granitica – graniticum
graveolens	L gravis	strong-smelling	common rue, Ruta graveolens; lippia, Lippia graveolens	graveolens
gregarius	L gregārius, from grex (“flock, herd”)	sociable	sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius; goldfish plant, Nematanthus gregarius; desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria; Leptospermum gregarium, an Australian myrtle	gregarius – gregaria – gregarium
griseus	L (a New Latin loanword from Germanic)	grey	desert monitor, Varanus griseus; bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus; parent bug, Elasmucha grisea; lichen mimic, Gonatista grisea paperbark maple, Acer griseum; white-banded house jumping spider, Hypoblemum griseum	griseus – grisea – griseum
groenlandicus	L	from Greenland (Old Norse Grœnland)	harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus; spiny lobster, Lebbeus groenlandicus Arctic woolly bear moth, Gynaephora groenlandica; elephanthead lousewort, Pedicularis groenlandica bog Labrador tea, Rhododendron groenlandicum	groenlandicus – groenlandica – groenlandicum
gyrino-, gyrinus	G γυρῖνος (gurînos)	tadpole	spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus; e.g. Crassigyrinus, Proterogyrinus

H[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
haema-, hema-	G αἷμα (haîma)	blood	Haemosporida; Bacteria sp., Haemophilus influenzae
hali-, halio-	G ἅλς (háls)	of the sea, salt	Steller’s sea eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus; grey seal, Halichoerus grypus; black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii
hamatus	L	hooked	Slender-billed kite, Helicolestes hamatus ; Ruitersbos pincushion, Leucospermum hamatum; Dark Tiger (butterfly) Tirumala hamata	hamatus — hamatum — hamata
haplo-	G ἁπλόος (haplóos)	simple, single	mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa; Mongolosaurus haplodon
hedra-	G ἕδρα (hédra)	seat, facet	Chinese ephedra, Ephedra sinica
helio-	G ἥλιος (hḗlios)	sun	sunflower, Helianthus annuus; sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia
hemisphaerica	G	half-sphere	sand laurel oak, Quercus hemisphaerica, sulphur rose, Rosa hemisphaerica	Hemisphaerica
hetero-	G	diversely or different	melancholy thistle, Cirsium heterophyllum, Leucanthemum heterophyllum, Smith’s cress, Lepidium heterophyllum	heterophyllum
hexa-	G ἕξ (héx)	six	water primrose, Ludwigia hexapetala
hibernicus	L	from Ireland	Irish whitebeam, Sorbus hibernica; Atlantic ivy, Hedera hibernica; Southern bristetail, Dilta hibernica; Irish hare, Lepus timidus hibernicus; Mycobacterium hiberniae; Pisidium hibernicum	hiberniae — hibernicus — hibernicum — hibernica
hibridus	L	hybrid	butterbur, Petasites hybridus, brown spider monkey, Ateles hybridus; kelp goose, Chloephaga hybrida; alsike clover, Trifolium hybridum;	hibridus — hybridus — hibrida — hybrida — hibridum — hybridum
hippo-	G ἵππος (híppos)	horse	seahorse, Hippocampus; lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros
hirsutus	L	hairy	hairy bittercress, Cardamine hirsuta; hairy fruit-eating bat, Artibeus hirsutus; hairy St John’s-wort, Hypericum hirsutum	hirsutus — hirsuta – hirsutum
hispidus	L	rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly	banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus; shaggy bracket, Inonotus hispidus ringed seal, Pusa hispida; wax gourd, Benincasa hispida bristly starbur, Acanthospermum hispidum; white butterfly triggerplant, Stylidium hispidum	hispidus — hispida – hispidum
homo	L	human, man	modern human, Homo sapiens; Neanderthal, Homo neanderthalensis
hortensis	L hortus	from the garden	broad-leaved anemone, Anemone hortensis; garden orache, Atriplex hortensis; Mexican longwing, Heliconius hortense; Orphean warbler, Sylvia hortensis	hortensis – hortense
humilis	L	low, small, humble	Mediterranean dwarf palm, Chamaerops humilis; Talaud flying fox, Acerodon humilis Argentine ant, Linepithema humile; Italian jasmine, Jasminum humile	humilis – humile
hydro-	G ὕδωρ, ὑδρο- (húdōr, hudro-)	water	Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis; capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
hyemalis	L hiems	winter	dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis; winter aconite, Eranthis hyemalis rough horsetail, Equisetum hyemale; putty root, Aplectrum hyemale Mucor hiemalis and Hebeloma hiemale, both fungi	hyemalis – hyemale – hiemalis – hiemale
hyper-	G ὑπέρ (hupér)	over, above	St John’s wort, Hypericum perforatum
hyperboreus	G ὑπέρ Βορέᾱ (hupér Boréā)	from the Arctic region (Hyperborea)	glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus; tundra fleabane, Erigeron hyperboreus tangle or cuvie, Laminaria hyperborea; estuary beggarsticks, Bidens hyperborea boreal bur-reed, Sparganium hyperboreum; boreal haircap moss, Polytrichum hyperboreum	hyperboreus – hyperborea – hyperboreum
hypo-, hyp-	G ὑπό (hupó)	under, beneath	zebra pleco catfish, Hypancistrus zebra; common cat’s-ear, Hypochaeris radicata

I–K[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
iliacus	L	having a distinctive flank	redwing, Turdus iliacus; Etaxalus iliacus, a beetle fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca; Rhytiphora iliaca, a beetle	iliacus – iliaca
imbricatus	L	tiled	Mountain owl’s-clover, Orthocarpus imbricatus	imbricatus – imbricata – imbricatum
indicus	L	Indian	Malaysian tapir, Tapirus indicus	indicus – indica – indicum
inaequalis	L	unequal	variable ladybird, Coelophora inaequalis	inaequalis – inaequale
inedulis	L	inedible	fungus, Caloboletus inedulis	inedulis – inedule
inermis	L	unarmed, defenceless	water deer, Hydropotes inermis; henna tree, Lawsonia inermis turkey-berry, Canthium inerme; white milkwood, Sideroxylon inerme	inermis – inerme
ingratus	L	offensive	See Ingrata	ingrata – ingratus – ingratum
innotatus	L	unmarked	unmarked dagger moth, Acronicta innotata	innotata
irregularis	L	unusual or irregular	variable burrowing asp, Atractaspis irregularis; viper’s bugloss, Hadena irregularis	irregularis – irregulare
japonicus	L	Japanese	food wrapper plant, Mallotus japonicus; Japanese pagoda tree, Styphnolobium japonicum; Japanese spiraea, Spiraea japonica; see also nipponensis	japonicus – japonica – japonicum
jubatus	L iubātus	having a mane, crested	cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus; Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus purple pampas grass, Cortaderia jubata; maned forest lizard, Bronchocela jubata foxtail barley, Hordeum jubatum; Piptochaetium jubatum, a speargrass species	jubatus – jubata – jubatum
kentuckiensis	L	from Kentucky	Kentucky lady’s slipper, Cypripedium kentuckiense; Kentucky lichen moth, Cisthene kentuckiensis	kentuckiensis – kentuckiense

L[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
lact-	L lac	milk, sap, milky white	Chinese peony, Paeonia lactiflora; milk-caps, Lactifluus; Lactophrys; Aspalathus lactea
laetus	L	pleasant, bright	Crombrugghia laetus, scarce light plume moth; Myoporum laetum, mousehole tree; Parhelophilus laetus	laetus — laetum
laevis	L	smooth	red-eyed assassin bug, Platymeris laevicollis; smooth bedstraw, Cruciata laevipes	All pages with titles containing Laevis
lagus	G λαγώς (lagṓs)	hare	European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus; viscachas, Lagidium spp.
lancea	L	lance	sculptured seamoth, Pegasus lancifer; swamp lousewort, Pedicularis lanceolata
lateralis	L	side	black-flanked rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis
lapponicus	L	from Lapland/Sápmi (New Latin Lapponia)	Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus; Lapland mountain sorrel, Rumex lapponicus bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica; pincushion plant, Diapensia lapponica Lapland rosebay, Rhododendron lapponicum; Lapland poppy, Papaver lapponicum	lapponicus – lapponica – lapponicum
latus	L	flank; broad	horse-eye jack, Caranx latus; wideleaf waterparsnip, Sium latifolium; wych elm, Ulmus glabra ‘Latifolia Aurea’
laxus	L	wide, yielding	American globeflower, Trollius laxus; Cyperus laxus, a sedge flowering grass, Freesia laxa; tufted forget-me-not, Myosotis laxa Bredasdorp conebush, Leucadendron laxum; false lily turf, Chlorophytum laxum	laxus – laxa – laxum
lepidus	L	pleasant, pleasing, charming	rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus; ocellated lizard, Timon lepidus desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida; embossed hawthorn buprestid, Dicerca lepida greenthroat darter, Etheostoma lepidum; Leccinellum lepidum, a bolete	lepidus – lepida – lepidum
lepis, lepido-	G λεπίς (lepís)	scale, rind, husk, flake	large-scale mullet, Liza macrolepis; Lepidoptera
lepto-, lepti-	G λεπτός (leptós)	light	Leptictidium auderiense, Leptospira kirschneri
lepus	L	hare	black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus
leuco-, leuc-	G λευκός (leukós)	white	white-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
leucocephalus	G	white-headed	bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus; white-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala; white-headed marsh tyrant, Arundinicola leucocephala; white-headed stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus; also see albiceps	leucocephalus – leucocephala – leucocephalum
leucodon	G	white-toothed	bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon; lesser mole-rat, Spalax leucodon; white-toothed cowry, Cypraea leucodon; white-toothed woodrat, Neotoma leucodon; also see albidens	leucodon
leucurus	G	white-tailed	white-tailed ptarmigan, Lagopus leucura; white-tailed robin, Cinclidium leucurum; white-tailed stonechat, Saxicola leucurus	leucurus – leucura – leucurum
limosus	L	muddy	limosa harlequin frog, Atelopus limosus; mud amnicola, Amnicola limosus	limosus – limosa – limosum
lineatus	L	lined or striped	thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus; Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
lobos	L lobus G λοβός (lobós)	lobe	three-lobe buttercup, Ranunculus trilobus
longi-	L longus	long	frog shark, Somniosus longus, galingale, Cyperus longus; Turmeric, Curcuma longa; Long pepper, Piper longum,	longus – longa – longum –All pages with titles beginning with longi
longicaudatus	L	long-tailed	long-tailed pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus; longtail catfish, Olyra longicaudata; longtail tadpole shrimp Triops longicaudatus	longicaudatus – longicaudata – longicaudatum
longicollis	L	long-necked	eastern long-necked turtle, Chelodina longicollis	longicollis – longicolle
longifolius	L	long-leaved	long-leaf persoonia, Persoonia longifolia; long-leaf wild buckwheat, Eriogonum longifolium; long-leaved butterwort, Pinguicula longifolia; longleaf bush lupine, Lupinus longifolius; longleaf sunflower, Helianthus longifolius	longifolius – longifolia – longifolium
longirostris	L	long beak	longbeak buttercup, Ranunculus longirostris; longsnout blacksmelt, Dolicholagus longirostris	longirostris – longirostre
luctuosus	L	sorrowful, mournful	forget-me-not bug, Sehirus luctuosus; white-shouldered tanager, Tachyphonus luctuosus; four-spotted moth, Tyta luctuosa	luctuosus – luctuosa – luctuosum
luminosus	L	glowing	cucubano, Ignelater luminuosus; New Zealand glowworm, Arachnocampa luminosa; striped flying squid, Eucleoteuthis luminosa	luminuosus – luminuosa – luminuosum
luteus	L	yellow, saffron-colored	yellow mariposa lily, Calochortus luteus; yellow vetch, Vicia lutea; red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea	luteus – lutea – luteum

M[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
macro-	G μακρός (makrós)	long, large	big-headed mole rat, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus; rock onion, Allium macrum; sea snail, Turbonilla macra	macra – macrum
macroura	G	long-tailed	hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura	macroura
maculatus	L	spotted	tiger quoll, Dasyurus maculatus; spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius	maculatus — maculata — maculatum
madagascariensis	L	from Madagascar	Madagascar day gecko, Phelsuma madagascariensis madagascariensis; Malagasy ground boa, Acrantophis madagascariensis; Malagasy tree boa, Sanzinia madagascariensis; Madagascar fruit-bat argasid, Ornithodoros madagascariensis	madagascariensis
magnus	L	great, large	streaked spiderhunter, Arachnothera magna	magnus – magna – magnum
major	L	greater	great tit, Parus major
malabaricus	L	from Malabar	chestnut-tailed starling, Sturnia malabaricus
marginatus	L	bordered	gold edge Japanese euonymus, Euonymus japonicus ‘Aureomarginatus’ ; marginated tortoise, Testudo marginata	marginatus — marginata — marginatum
maritima	L	of the sea	sea beet, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima; samphire, Crithmum maritimum, sea holly, Eryngium maritimum; polar bear, Ursus maritimus, sea rush, Juncus maritimus,	maritima – maritimum – maritimus
mauretanicus	L	from Mauretania (the Maghreb, northwest Africa)	Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus; Moroccan hairstreak, Tomares mauretanicus Adscita mauretanica, a moth; Marginella mauretanica, a sea snail	mauretanicus — mauretanica — mauretanicum
mauro-	G μαυρός (maurós)	dark, black	dark shrew, Crocidura maurisca
maximus	L	largest	royal tern, Sterna maxima
mega-	G μέγας (mégas)	large, great	megalodon shark, Carcharodon megalodon
megacephalus	G	big-headed	Andriyashev large-headed sculpin, Andriashevicottus megacephalus; big-head rush, Juncus megacephalus; big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala; big-headed tiger beetle, Megacephala megacephala; coastal plain hawkweed, Hieracium megacephalum; large-headed rice rat, Hylaeamys megacephalus	megacephalus – megacephala – megacephalum
mel	L	honey	black sage, Salvia mellifera; Nephelium melliferum; western honey bee, Apis mellifera
melano-	G μελανός (melanós)	black	black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris	melanus – melana
melanocephalus	G	black-headed	black-headed fleabane, Erigeron melanocephalus; black-headed snake, Tantilla melanocephala; ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum	melanocephalus – melanocephala – melanocephalum
melanophyllus	G	black-leaved	Melanophylla; Melanophyllum	melanophyllus – melanophylla – melanophyllum
melanops	G	black-eyed, black-faced	black-eyed blue, Glaucopsyche melanops; black-fronted dotterel, Elseyornis melanops; gray spiny mouse, Scolomys melanops	melanops
mephitis	L	bad odor	striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis; yellow-pigmented bacteria, Luteimonas mephitis
meridionalis	L	southern	southern oak bush cricket, Meconema meridionale; Andean blueberry, Vaccinium meridionale southern mammoth, Mammuthus meridionalis; Zimbabwe grey baboon tarantula, Ceratogyrus meridionalis	meridionale — meridionalis
micro-	G μικρός (mikrós)	small	littleleaf pussytoes, Antennaria microphylla
microphyllus	G	small-leaved	baby sage, Salvia microphylla; boxleaf azara, Azara microphylla; littleleaf box, Buxus microphylla; littleleaf mock-orange, Philadelphus microphyllus; small-leaf climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum	microphyllus – microphylla – microphyllum
minimus	L	smallest	least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
minor	L	smaller	great frigatebird, Fregata minor
minuta	L	small	dwarf waterclover, Marsilea minuta, little cuckoo, Coccycua minuta; little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus, harvest mouse, Micromys minutus; little willowherb, Epilobium minutum,	minuta — minutus — minutum
monile	L	necklace	Conus monilifer
mono-	G μόνος (mónos)	single	Swinhoe’s storm-petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis; Monotreme
monoica	L	monoicous	the sandpaper saucer-berry, Cordia monoica	monoica
monospermus	L	Having a single sperm cell	one-seed juniper Juniperus monosperma	monospermus — monosperma — monospermum
monspeliensis	L	from Montpellier	Montpellier cistus, Cistus monspeliensis	monspeliensis — monspessulanus — monspessulana — monspessulanum
montanus	L mons	of the mountains	mountain bottlebrush, Melaleuca montana; mountain mahogany, Cercocarpus montanus; mountain thistle, Acanthus montanus; tree sparrow, Passer montanus	montanus
morpho-	G μορφή (morphḗ)	shape	Menelaus blue morpho, Morpho menelaus
mus, mys	L mūs G μῦς (mûs)	mouse	house mouse, Mus musculus; as rodent, e.g. Phoberomys, Telicomys
mulgere	G	to milk	European nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus	Caprimulgus
muralis	L	growing on the wall	annual wall-rocket Diplotaxis muralis, Psammophiliella muralis

N[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
naevius	L	having moles or spots	varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius; spotted salamander, Hynobius naevius striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia; common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia spotted oncidium, Oncidium naevium; Cyrtidium naevium, a fungus	naevius – naevia – naevium
nanos	G νᾶνος (nânos) L nanus	dwarf	brown-capped woodpecker, Dendrocopos nanus; dwarf birch, Betula nana; dwarf shrew, Sorex nanus	nanus
natans	L	floating	Water caltrop, Trapa natans
neomexicanus	L	from New Mexico	New Mexico whiptail, Aspidoscelis neomexicanus; New Mexican yucca, Yucca neomexicana; New Mexico thistle, Cirsium neomexicanum	neomexicanus – neomexicana – neomexicanum
niger, nigr-	L	black	black skimmer, Rynchops niger; black pine, Pinus nigra; black softshell turtle, Nilssonia nigricans; black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes; black-spined Atlantic tree-rat, Phyllomys nigrispinus See also: ater	nigra — nigras — nigrus — nigrum — nigrescens
nippon(ensis)	L	from Japan (natively known as Nippon)	freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense; Japanese bobtail squid, Sepiolina nipponensis; Sika deer, Cervus nippon; Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon See also: japonicus	nipponensis – nipponense – nippon
nitidus	L nitere	shining	Baja cape kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula nitida; Mauritius blue pigeon, Alectroenas nitidissima; shining pea clam, Pisidium nitidum; shining tree iguana, Liolaemus nitidus	nitidus – nitida – nitidum
nix	L	snow	snow buckwheat, Eriogonum niveum; snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis; snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea; snow sheep Ovis nivicola; snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus; snowy primrose, Primula nivalis; snowy sunflower, Helianthus niveus;	nivalis – niveus – nivea – niveum – nivosus
nonus	L	ninth	honey fungus, Armillaria nabsnona
norvegicus	L	from Norway	Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus; brown rat, Rattus norvegicus; rose fish, Sebastes norvegicus; Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica; highland cudweed, Gnaphalium norvegicum;	norvegicus – norvegica – norvegicum
nothos	G νόθος (nóthos) L nothus	false, wrong	bluefin notho killifish, Nothobranchius rachovii; New Zealand red beech, Nothofagus fusca
noton	G νῶτον (nôton)	back	black-backed antshrike, Thamnophilus melanonotus
notos	G νότος (nótos)	southern	fawn hopping mouse, Notomys cervinus
novaeangliae	L	from New England	humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Sphaerophoria novaeangliae, a syrphid fly New England boneset, Eupatorium novae-angliae; New England aster, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae	novaeangliae – novae-angliae
novaehollandiae	L	from New Holland (Australia)	emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae; New Holland rattlepod, Crotalaria novae-hollandiae; Sepia novaehollandiae, a cuttlefish	novaehollandiae – novae-hollandiae
novaeseelandiae	L	from New Zealand	southern boobook, Ninox novaeseelandiae New Zealand scallop, Pecten novaezelandiae yellow-dabbled flounder, Brachypleura novaezeelandiae New Zealand horned orchid, Orthoceras novae-zeelandiae red bidibid, Acaena novae-zelandiae	novaeseelandiae – novae-zelandiae – novae-zeelandiae – novaezeelandiae – novaezelandiae
noveboracensis	L	from New York (Novum Eboracum)	margined carrion beetle, Oiceoptoma noveboracense; New York fern, Thelypteris noveboracensis; northern waterthrush, Seiurus noveboracensis	noveboracensis – noveboracense
novem	L	nine	nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus; nine-spotted lady beetle, Coccinella novemnotata
nucifera	L	bearing nuts	butter-nut of Guiana, Caryocar nuciferum; coconut, Cocos nucifera	All pages with titles containing nucifera
nutans	L	nodding	nodding madia, Harmonia nutans; nodding spurge, Euphorbia nutans	nutans

O[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
obscurus	L	dark	dark bolo mouse, Necromys obscurus; dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus; obscure morning glory, Ipomoea obscura; rare clubmoss, Lycopodium obscurum	obscurus – obscura – obscurum
obsoletus	L	obsolete, degenerate	Pantherophis obsoletus; Great Plains skink, Plestiodon obsoletus	obsoletus – obsoletum
occidentalis	L	western	eastern arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis; western clover, Trifolium occidentale	occidentalis – occidentale
ocean	G ὠκεανός (ōkeanós)	ocean	oceanic gecko, Gehyra oceanica; Mediterranean tapeweed, Posidonia oceanica	oceanicus – oceanica
octo-, octa-	G ὀκτω- ὀκτα-	eight	common octopus, Octopus vulgaris
-odon, -odus	G ὀδών (odṓn), ὀδούς (odoús)	tooth	Dimetrodon, Rhizodus
oeso-	G οἰσέμεν (oisémen), οἰσ-	carry	Oesophagostomum
officinalis	L	for the workshop; medicinal	ginger, Zingiber officinale; rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis	officinalis – officinale
oleraceus	L	used as a vegetable	cabbage, broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, and so on, Brassica oleracea; common sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus	oleraceus – oleracea – oleraceum
oleum, olearis	L	oil	Omphalotus olearius, jack o’lantern mushroom
ommato—	G ὄμμᾰ (ómma), gen. ὄμμᾰτος (ómmatos)	eye	Ommatokoita, Ommatochila, Ommatospila	All pages with titles beginning with Ommato
ophis	G ὄφις (óphis)	serpent	Carphophis vermis, western wormsnake
ophrys	G ὀφρύς (ophrús)	eyebrow	bee orchid, Ophrys; Central American bushmaster, Lachesis stenophrys Melanophrys, fly genus; Cyanophrys, butterfly genus	All pages with titles beginning with Ophry
-ophthalmus	G ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós)	eye	common rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus; Ariosoma ophidiophthalmus, an eel; Spanish ling, Molva macrophthalma; Hippopsicon macrophthalmum, a beetle; Cyprinion microphthalmum, a fish; gold-eye lichen, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus
ops	G ὤψ (ṓps)	face, eye	Triceratops
-opsis	G ὄψις (ópsis)	resembling	Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis
orientalis	L	eastern	Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis	orientalis – orientale
ortho-	G ὀρθός (orthós)	straight	Orthoptera
oryza	G ὄρυζα (óruza)	rice	Asian rice, Oryza sativa; rice rats, Oryzomys
ovatus	L	egg-shaped	shagbark hickory, Carya ovata	ovatus – ovata – ovatum

P[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
pachy-	G παχύς (pakhús)	thick, stout	Pachycephalosaurus
palaemon	G Παλαίμων (Palaímōn)	Palaemon, a sea god whose name means «wrestler»	Palaemon, crustacean genus; chequered skipper, Carterocephalus palaemon Palaemonias, Palaemonella and Palaemonetes, shrimp genera	palaemon
pallidus	L	pale	Dalmatian iris, Iris pallida	pallidus – pallida – pallidum
palustris	L paluster	of the marsh	mugger crocodile, Crocodylus palustris; marsh marigold, Caltha palustris; Sphagnurus paluster, mushroom;	palustris – paluster — palustre – palustrium
pan- panto-	G πᾶν (pân)	all	Pancratium (a flower); Pangaea
paradoxus	L, from G παράδοξος (parádoxos)	contrary to expectation, strange, uncharacteristic	Pallas’s sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus, puzzle sunflower, Helianthus paradoxus ghost mantis, Phyllocrania paradoxa, paradoxical frog, Pseudis paradoxa green-banded broodsac, Leucochloridium paradoxum, few-flowered garlic, Allium paradoxum	paradoxus – paradoxa – paradoxum
parilis	L	equal	Syngrapha parilis, a moth; Metasphenisca parilis, a fruit fly Nephroma parile, a fungus; Malmesbury pincushion, Leucospermum parile	parilis – parile
parviflorus	L	small-flowered	small-flowered mallow, Malva parviflora; thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus	parviflorus – parviflora – parviflorum
parvifolius	L	small-leaved	Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia; littleleaf ceanothus, Ceanothus parvifolius; small-leaved lomatium, Lomatium parvifolium	parvifolius – parvifolia – parvifolium
parvus	L	small	dwarf catshark, Asymbolus parvus; mountain pygmy possum, Burramys parvus; small onion, Allium parvum	parvus – parvum
pecten	L	comb	Venus comb murex, Murex pecten
ped	L pēs	foot	showy lady slipper, Cypripedium reginae
pelagicus	L, G πελαγικός	of the open sea	pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus	pelagicus – pelagica – pelagicum
penn-	L penna	feather, wing	Darwin’s rhea, Rhea pennata; great auk, Pinguinus impennis
penta-	G πέντε (pénte)	five	five-fingered skink, Chalcides pentadactylus
petro-	G πέτρα (pétra), L petra	rock, stone	Roberts’s flat-headed bat, Sauromys petrophilus; rock daisy, Erigeron petrophilus
phago-	G ἔφαγον	eat	African scat (fish), Scatophagus tetracanthus; Ichthyophaga, the («fish-eating») sea eagle
phenolicus	L	able to degrade phenol	Pseudoalteromonas phenolica	phenolicus – phenolica – phenolicum
philippinensis	L	from the Philippines	katmon tree, Dillenia philippinensis; Philippine cobra, Naja philippinensis
pholis	G φολῐ́ς (pholís)	horny scale	bluespotted grouper, Cephalopholis argus
phyllo-	G φύλλον (phúllon)	leaf	garden lupin, Lupinus polyphyllus
physi-	G φύσις (phúsis)	nature	Symphysia («naturally joined») (a plant)^[5]
phyto-	G φυτόν (phutón)	plant	Astrophytum, Astrophytum myriostigma (a cactus); epiphyte
pictus	L	painted	Pimelodus pictus, a catfish; painted skipper, Hesperilla picta; painted tunicate, Clavelina picta; Abutilon pictum, a shrub	pictus – picta – pictum
platy-	G πλατύς (platús)	flat and broad	flathead trout, Salmo platycephalus; platypus
plicatilis	L	flexible, pliable	fan-aloe, Kumara plicatilis; lobed river mullet, Cestraeus plicatilis Dendrobium plicatile, an orchid; Cormohipparion plicatile, an extinct horse	plicatilis – plicatile
plumosum	L	feathered	big tarweed, Blepharizonia plumosa; buzzer midge, Chironomus plumosus	plumosus – plumosa – plumosum
pod-	G πούς (poús)	foot, leg, stem	red-footed spikesedge, Eleocharis erythropoda; Arthropoda; Gastropoda
poliocephalus	G	grey-headed	ashy-headed goose, Chloephaga poliocephala; grey-crowned flatbill, Tolmomyias poliocephalus; grey-headed flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalus; grey-headed goshawk, Accipiter poliocephalus; hoary-headed grebe, Poliocephalus poliocephalus; white-headed langur, Trachypithecus poliocephalus; yellow-lored tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum poliocephalum	poliocephalus – poliocephala – poliocephalum
poly-	G πολύς (polús)	many, much	common knotgrass, Polygonum aviculare
pomum	L	fruit	apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella; apple murex, Phyllonotus pomum; codling moth, Cydia pomonella; emu apple, Kunzea pomifera; Osage orange, Maclura pomifera	pomum – pomifer – pomifera – pomonella
ponticus	G Πόντος (Póntos)	Pontic; from Pontus, Turkey	Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus; Pontic adder, Vipera pontica; Pontic rhododendron, Rhododendron ponticum; Roman wormwood, Artemisia pontica	ponticus – pontica – ponticum
praecox	L	early	early onion, Allium praecox; neon rainbow, Melanotaenia praecox; wintersweet, Chimonanthus praecox	praecox
praestans	L	excelling	Kamchatka bilberry, Vaccinium praestans; goliath webcap mushroom, Cortinarius praestans; (a butterfly), Ypthima praestans; (a ground beetle), Lesticus praestans; Tulipa praestans	praestans
praeustus	L	burned at the end, scorched, withered	brownback trevally, Carangoides praeustus; Adetus praeustus, a beetle Serixia praeusta, a beetle; Tricholauxania praeusta, a fly; Trogoxylon praeustum, a beetle	praeustus – praeusta – praeustum
prātum	L	meadow	Inyo meadow lupine, Lupinus pratensis; meadow foxtail, Alopecurus pratensis; meadow sedge, Carex praticola; meadow waxcap, Cuphophyllus pratensis	pratensis – pratense – praticola
princeps	L	first, leader, principal, princely	Korean wormwood, Artemisia princeps; princely spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastyx princeps; American pika, Ochotona princeps	princeps
proto-	G πρῶτος (prôtos)	first	Protozoa
pruinosus	L	pruinose, «frosted», covered in white granules	Tibetan blue bear, Ursus arctos pruinosus; frosted myotis, Myotis pruinosus fuzzywuzzy airplant, Tillandsia pruinosa; frosted hawthorn, Crataegus pruinosa crimson-tailed marsh hawk, Orthetrum pruinosum; dotted blue-eyed grass, Sisyrinchium pruinosum	pruinosus – pruinosa — pruinosum
pruriens	L	itching	velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens	pruriens
pseudo-	L G ψευδής (pseudḗs)	false or fake	Brazilian false rice rat, Pseudoryzomys simplex; pastel flower, Pseuderanthemum variabile
psychrophilus	G ψυχρός (psukhrós)	cold-loving	bacterial rod, Flavobacterium psychrophilum; bacterium, Geobacter psychrophilus; whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis psychrophila	psychrophilus – psychrophila – psychrophilum
pterus, -pter	G πτερόν (pterón)	wing, feather	white-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus; Pteranodon (winged toothless); Pterodactylus (winged finger); Pteridophyta; Diptera; Coleoptera
ptyo-	G πτύον (ptyon)	fan	fan-fingered geckos, Ptyodactylus; crag martin, Ptyonoprogne	All pages with titles beginning with Ptyo
puberulus	L	having short, soft hairs	Hydroporus puberulus, a diving beetle; Leptomyrmex puberulus, an ant mountain bellwort, Uvularia puberula; hairy melicope, Melicope puberula plains flax, Linum puberulum; red berry stick plant, Teucrium puberulum	puberulus – puberula – puberulum
pubescens	L	downy	downy oak, Quercus pubescens	pubescens
pugil	L pugil	a boxer	fighting conch, Strombus pugilis	pugilis
pulchellus	L	pretty little^[6]	beautiful sunbird, Cinnyris pulchella; green pygmy goose, Nettapus pulchellus	pulchellus – pulchella – pulchellum
pumilus	L	dwarf	Cape dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum; dwarf cuckoo, Coccycua pumila; dwarf mouse-ear, Cerastium pumilum; eastern forest bat, Vespadelus pumilus; shaggy fleabane, Erigeron pumilus; Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila	pumila – pumilus – pumilum
punctatus	L	spotted, marked with punctures	dotted thyme-moss, Rhizomnium punctatum; thirteen-spotted lady beetle, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata	punctatus – punctata – punctatum
pungens	L pungens	pungent	blue spruce, Picea pungens; pungent slippery jack, Suillus pungens	pungens
purpurascens	L	somewhat purple	veiled purple hygrophorus, Hygrophorus purpurascens	purpurascens
purpureus	L purpureus	purple	purple amole, Chlorogalum purpureum; purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea; purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus	purpureus – purpurea – purpureum
pygmaeus	L, from the Pygmaeī	pygmy, dwarf	Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus; pygmy three-toed sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus; Western Greece goby, Economidichthys pygmaeus; western pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea; smooth spike-primrose, Epilobium pygmaeum; alpine glacier poppy, Papaver pygmaeum	pygmaeus – pygmaea – pygmaeum
pygo-	G πυγή (pugḗ)	tail, rump	chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus

Q[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
quadri-	L quattuor	four, square	burr grass, Festuca quadriflora (four-flowered); four-coloured bushshrike, Telophorus quadricolor; fourspot butterflyfish, Chaetodon quadrimaculatus; whorled loosestrife, Lysimachia quadrifolia (four-leaved)	All pages with titles beginning with Quadri

R[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
radix	L	root or radish	taproot fleabane, Erigeron radicatus	radix – radicans – radicatus – radicis
rāmus	L	branch	branched draba, Draba ramosissima; branched murex, Chicoreus ramosus	ramosus – ramosa – ramulosus
regalis	L	royal	Synalpheus regalis; regal moth, Citheronia regalis; royal lily, Lilium regale	regalis – regale
repandus	L repandus	curved upwards, turned up	dragon’s tongue, Hemigraphis repanda; hedgehog mushroom, Hydnum repandum; Peruvian apple cactus, Cereus repandus	repandus – repanda – repandum
repens	L	creeping, crawling (rēpēns)	creeping buttercup, Ranunculus repens
repens	L	unexpected (rĕpēns)	white clover, Trifolium repens
reptans, rept-	L	creeping, crawling	bugle, Ajuga reptans; creeping cinquefoil, Potentilla reptans; Reptilia	reptans
reticulata	L	reticulated	mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata	reticulatus – reticulata – reticulatum
rhino-	G ῥίς (rhís)	nose	orange leaf-nosed bat, Rhinonicteris aurantia; rhinoceros
rhiza	G ῥίζα (rhíza)	root	bushy seedbox, Ludwigia helminthorrhiza; Rhizobium (nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria)
rhynchos	G ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos)	beak or snout	mallard, Anas platyrhynchos; Rhamphorhynchus
rhytis	G ῥῠτίς (rhutís)	wrinkled, folded	shaggy moss, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus; Rhytidodon (syn. Rutiodon)
rigidus	L	rigid, stiff	big galleta, Hilaria rigida	rigidus – rigida – rigidum
rossicus	L	from Russia	Pliosaurus rossicus
rostr-	L rōstrum	beak, bill, snout	common crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
rostralis	L	with a beak	buttoned snout moth, Hypena rostralis	rostralis – rostrale
rostratus	L rōstrātus	having a beak	beaked sedge, Carex rostrata; beaked yucca, Yucca rostrata; Caribbean sharp-nose puffer, Canthigaster rostrata; longnose surgeonfish, Zebrasoma rostratum	rostratus – rostrata – rostratum
ruber, rubr-	L ruber	red	red maple, Acer rubrum; red valerian, Centranthus ruber; ruby bolete, Hortiboletus rubellus; summer tanager, Piranga rubra	ruber – rubra – rubrum – rubellus – rubrescens
ruder-	L rūdus, rūderis	rubbish	Cannabis ruderalis; Porophyllum ruderale; ruderal bumblebee, Bombus ruderatus	ruderalis – ruderale – ruderatus
rudis, rud-	L	rough, rude	coarse chameleon, Trioceros rudis; pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis; rough gecko, Naultinus rudis; rough mabuya, Eutropis rudis	rudis – rude
rufus, ruf-	L	red, reddish	red wolf, Canis rufus; rufous rubber cup, Galiella rufa	rufus – rufa – rufum – rufescens
rupestris	L	living on cliffs or rocks	Eurasian crag martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris; rock bass, Ambloplites rupestris rock campion, Atocion rupestre; alpine tea-tree, Leptospermum rupestre	rupestris – rupestre
rupicola	L	cliff dweller	Diplacus rupicola, Death Valley monkeyflower; Narcissus rupicola; Tabernaemontana rupicola	All pages with titles containing rupicola
russus	L	reddish	Lophocampa russus, a moth; Toxitiades russus, a beetle; Schistura russa, a stone loach; Steccherinum russum, a fungus	russus – russa – russum
russulus	L	little reddish one	greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula; Mimeresia russulus, a butterfly; pinkmottle woodwax, Hygrophorus russula; Bryum russulum, a moss	russulus – russula – russulum

S[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
sanctus	L	sacred	See sanctus (species)	sanctus
sanguis	L	blood	bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis	sanguinis
sapiens	L	wise	recent subspecies of humans: Homo sapiens sapiens («wise wise man»)
saponaria	L	soapy^[7]^[8]	soapworts (Saponaria spp.), soapbark (Quillaja saponaria), Ramaria flavosaponaria	saponaria
sativus	L	sown, cultivated	oat, Avena sativa; pea, Pisum sativum; rice, Oryza sativa	sativus – sativa – sativum
saura, -saur	G σαῦρος (saûros)	lizard, reptile	lancetfish, Alepisaurus; Maiasaura (dinosaur)
scriptus	L	written, scribbled, scrawled	Cape bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus; scrawled filefish, Aluterus scriptus pond slider, Trachemys scripta; long hoverfly, Sphaerophoria scripta; Grammatophyllum scriptum, an orchid; Steindachneridion scriptum, a catfish	scriptus – scripta – scriptum
sculptus	L	sculpted	reed-stemmed orchid, Epidendrum sculptum; sculpted lanternshark, Etmopterus sculptus; sculpted puffball, Calvatia sculpta	sculptus – sculpta – sculptum
septem	L	seven	seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata
septentrionalis	L	Northern Hemisphere (septentrional, «of the seven plough-oxen», a reference to The Plough)	northern rockling, Ciliata septentrionalis northern spleenwort, Asplenium septentrionale	septentrionalis – septentrionale
setosus	L	bristly or shaggy	hairy Atlantic spiny rat, Trinomys setosus; artic iris Iris setosa, Diadema setosum	setosus – setosa – setosum
sidero—	G σίδηρος (sídēros)	iron	Siderostigma, Sideroxylon; lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros	All pages with titles beginning with Sidero
silvestris, sylvestris silvaticus	L	from woodland or forest; wild	wildcat, Felis silvestris; snowdrop anemone, Anemone sylvestris; Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus	silvestris, sylvestris – silvestre, sylvestre – silvaticus, sylvaticus
similis	L	similar	Callinectes similis	similis
simplex	L	simple	see List of species named simplex	simplex
sinensis	L	from China	tea, Camellia sinensis	sinensis – sinense
smaragdinus	G σμάραγδος (smáragdos)	emerald	green grass lizard, Takydromus smaragdinus; Carabus smaragdinus, a beetle Smaragdina, beetle genus; Asian weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina Epidendrum smaragdinum, an orchid; Smaragdia, snail genus	smaragdinus – smaragdina – smaragdinum – Smaragdia
speciosus	L	showy	queen’s crape-myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa; Japanese lily, Lilium speciosum	speciosus – speciosa – speciosum
sperma	G σπέρμα (spérma)	seed	African daisies, Osteospermum
sphen-, spheno-	G σφήν (sphḗn)	wedge	tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus
squamatus	L	with scales	scaly francolin, Pternistis squamatus, scaled woodcreeper, Lepidocolaptes squamatus
stichus, sticticus	G στίχος (stíkhos)	line, file	Ochlerotatus sticticus, a mosquito; western erete, Eretes sticticus Acalolepta stictica, a beetle; Punctelia stictica, a lichen Trypetisoma sticticum, a fly; Diorygma sticticum, a lichen Toothfish, Dissostichus	sticticus – stictica – sticticum
stoma	G στόμα (stóma)	mouth, opening	stomate, Gnathostomata
striatus	L	striped	African striped skink, Trachylepis striata; striated heron, Butorides striatus; striped Barbados lily, Hippeastrum striatum	striatus – striata – striatum
strictus	L	straight, narrow, erect	chocolate lily, Dichopogon strictus; Oxalis stricta; Babiana stricta; Nardus stricta, bog haircap moss, Polytrichum strictum	strictus – stricta – strictum
strix, strig-	L or G	owl	kakapo or owl parrot, Strigops habroptilus; tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides; tawny owl, Strix aluco
suber	L	cork	cork oak, Quercus suber
suchos, -suchus	G σοῦχος (soûkhos)	crocodile (from Egyptian)	Eusuchia; Koolasuchus
sulcatus	L	furrowed	furrowed wakerobin, Trillium sulcatum; grooved helmet-orchid, Nematoceras sulcatum	sulcatus – sulcata – sulcatum
syriacus	L	Syrian	common milkweed, Asclepias syriacus	syriacus – syriaca – syriacum

T[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
tardus, tardi-	L	slow, late	great bustard, Otis tarda; Chisos Mountains oak, Quercus tardifolia
tele-, tel-	G τῆλε (têle)	far, distant	New South Wales waratah, Telopea speciosissima
tenax	L	clinging, tenacious	bear grass, Xerophyllum tenax; tough bully, Sideroxylon tenax; tough-leaved iris, Iris tenax	tenax
tenuis	L	thin, slender, fine	slender rush, Juncus tenuis; plealeaf knotweed, Polygonum tenue	tenuis – tenue
terrestris, terrestre	L	terrestrial	large earth bumblebee, Bombus terrestris bent orchid, Geodorum terrestre	terrestris – terrestre
tetra-	G τετρα-	four	four-leaved allseed, Polycarpon tetraphyllum; Tetrapoda
therium, ther-	G θηρίον (thēríon), θήρ (thḗr)	beast, wild animal	giant ground sloth, Megatherium americanum; stinkpot turtle, Sternotherus odoratus; gelada, Theropithicus gelada
timidus	L	shy, timid	Mountain hare, Lepus timidus; Rhene timidus, a jumping spider; dwarf three-toed slider, Lerista timida; Elysia timida, a sea slug; Zodarion timidum, an ant spider	timidus – timida – timidum
tinctorius	L	for dyeing	woad, Isatis tinctoria	tinctorius – tinctoria – tinctorium
tomentosus	L	furry	bristle-tail filefish, Acreichthys tomentosus; fuzzy mock-orange, Philadelphus tomentosus; woollyleaf ceanothus, Ceanothus tomentosus	tomentosus – tomentosa – tomentosum
trachy-	G τραχύς (trachys)	rough	Trachyscorpia, fish genus; Trachyaretaon, insect genus	All pages with titles beginning with trachy
tri-, tris-	L tri-, G τρι- (tri-)	three	black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla; three-cornered garlic, Allium triquetrum
tricho-, -thrix	G θρίξ (thríx), τριχ- (trikh-)	hair	cloud ear fungus, Auricularia polytricha
tripartitus	L	three-part	threepart violet, Viola tripartita; threetip sagebrush, Artemisia tripartita	tripartitus – tripartita
tristis	L	sad, disagreeable, bitter, foul	ever-flowering gladiolus, Gladiolus tristis American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis
trivialis	L	commonplace, ordinary	tree pipit, Anthus trivialis; southern dewberry, Rubus trivialis; northern water plantain, Alisma triviale; Bulbophyllum triviale, an orchid	trivialis – triviale
troglodytes	L G τρωγλοδύτης (trōglodútēs)	cave-dweller	chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes; wren, Troglodytes troglodytes
tropicalis	L	tropical	Candida tropicalis (yeast); Rostraureum tropicale (fungus)	tropicalis – tropicale
truncatus	L	truncated, foreshortened	common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; pink fairy armadillo, Chlamyphorus truncatus; rattlesnake flower, Brazoria truncata; false Christmas cactus, Schlumbergera truncata; Shantung maple, Acer truncatum; truncate leek orchid, Prasophyllum truncatum	truncatus – truncata – truncatum
trygon	G τρῡγών (trygōn)	stingray turtledove	Fontitrygon, Hemitrygon, Trygonoptera, all ray genera Geotrygon and Trugon, dove genera	trygon – trugon – All pages with titles beginning with trygo
typhlo-	G τύραννος (typhlós)	blind	Typhlobarbus nudiventris, fish species; Typhlochactidae, scorpion family	All pages with titles beginning with typhl
tyranno-	G τυφλός (túrannos)	tyrant, tyrannical	Tyrannosaurus rex; Tyrannodoris; Tyrannoneustes; Tyrannotitan;

U[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
ulmus	L	elm	American elm, Ulmus americana; elmleaf goldenrod, Solidago ulmifolia; Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila; Ulmus
ulos	G οὖλος (oûlos)	woolly	Uloborus; Ulotrichi; Ulotrichopus	All pages with titles beginning with Ulo
unus	L	one	Monotropa uniflora; unicolor woolly lemur, Avahi unicolor
ura	G οὐρά (ourá)	of the tail	mourning dove, Zenaida macroura; coral snake, Micrurus corallinus

V[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Examples	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
vaginalis	L	sheathed, vaginal	Alyce clover, Gardnerella vaginalis	vaginalis
variabilis	L	variable	grey bunting, Emberiza variabilis	variabilis – variabile
variegatus	L	variegated	variegated laughingthrush, Garrulax variegatus; croton, Codiaeum variegatum	variegatus – variegata – variegatum
varius	L	different, variegated, variable	lace monitor, Varanus varius; yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius barred owl, Strix varia; purple crown vetch, Securigera varia variable triplefin, Forsterygion varium; grass cerith, Bittiolum varium	varius – varia – varium
velox, velocis	L	swift	swift fox, Vulpes velox; Velociraptor	velox
ventralis	L	ventral, of the belly	Hispaniolan parrot, Amazona ventralis; southern dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion ventrale	ventralis – ventrale
venustus	L	beautiful	giraffe hap, Nimbochromis venustus; beautiful pit viper, Trimeresurus venustus flamevine, Pyrostegia venusta; orchard spider, Leucauge venusta Himalayan maidenhair, Adiantum venustum; magnificent leafy moss, Plagiomnium venustum	venustus – venusta – venustum
vernicosa	L	varnished	varnished maxillaria, Maxillaria vernicosa	vernicosus – vernicosa – vernicosum
vernus, vernalis	L	spring (season)	spring gentian, Gentiana verna; spring pheasant’s eye, Adonis vernalis; spring sneezeweed, Helenium vernale	vernalis – vernale
verrucosus	L	rough-skinned	Javan warty pig, Sus verrucosus; reef stonefish, Synanceia verrucosa	verrucosus – verrucosa – verrucosum
versicolor	L	many-colored	varied honeyeater, Lichenostomus versicolor; Vietnam mouse-deer, Tragulus versicolor	versicolor
verticillata	L	whorled	spaghetti bryozoan, Amathia verticillata; whorled plectranthus, Plectranthus verticillatus	verticillatus – verticillata – verticillatum
verus	L	true, genuine	true aloe, Aloe vera; lady’s bedstraw, Galium verum	verus – verum
victoriae	L	Victorian	Victoria’s bar, Cigaritis victoriae	victoriae
villosus	L^[9]	hairy, shaggy	hairy nightshade, Solanum villosum; hairy stonecrop, Sedum villosum; hairy vetch, Vicia villosa; hairy woodpecker, Picoides villosus; shaggy hawkweed, Hieracium villosum; villous deadly carrot, Thapsia villosa	villosus – villosa – villosum
virginiana	L	Virginia	Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana; Rosa virginiana, the Virginia rose	virginiana – virginianum
viridis	L	green	frog orchid, Coeloglossum viride; green alder, Alnus viridis; green wrasse, Labrus viridis	viridis – viride
virosus	L	poisonous	cowbane, Cicuta virosa; poisonous lettuce, Lactuca virosa	virosus — virosa
viticola (vitis-cola)	L	grape vine inhabitant or cultivator	Phomopsis viticola; Plasmopara viticola; Schizomyia viticola	viticola
volans	L	flying	flying dragon, Draco volans; southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans	volans
vulgaris	L	common	common octopus, Octopus vulgaris; common privet, Ligustrum vulgare	vulgaris – vulgare

X–Z[edit]

Latin/Greek	Language	English	Example	Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix:
xanthos	G ξανθός	yellow	yellow staining mushroom, Agaricus xanthodermus	All pages with titles beginning with Xanth
zebratus	L	cross-striped	Kolombatovic’s goby, Chromogobius zebratus
zoster	G ζωστήρ (zōstḗr)	belt, girdle	white-eyes, Zosterops; Zosterophyllum; Zosterocarpus abyssicola	All pages with titles beginning with Zoster
zygos	G ζυγός	joined	Zygophyllum; Zygoptera	All pages with titles beginning with Zygo

References[edit]

^ Harbach, Ralph E. (October 17, 2018). Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI. ISBN 9781786399052 – via Google Books.
^ Chuck Griffith. «Dictionary of Botanical Epithets».
^ «Rhus glabra L.» Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
^ «Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, G, Gracchus, grăcĭlĭpes». Retrieved 2016-01-17.
^ Umberto Quattrocchi (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. CRC Press. p. 2610. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8.
^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short (1879). «pulchellus». A Latin Dictionary.
^ Saponaria. Flora of North America.
^ Griffith, Chuck (2005). «Dictionary of Botanical Epithets». Dictionary of Botanical Epithets. Retrieved 16 July 2018. saponarius saponaria saponarium soapy sapo sapon noun/m soap (from German) arius ari adj adjective suffix for nouns or numbers: connected to or possessed by
^ «Charlton T. Lewis, An Elementary Latin Dictionary, villōsus». Retrieved 2016-01-17.

External links[edit]

Latin names decoded with relevant images/photos at agrozoo.net
Dictionary of botanical epithets
European Species Names in Linnaean, Czech, English, German and French

Источник

Who says Latin is a dead language? It’s true that no country speaks Latin anymore, but thousands of English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. More than that, Latin words, expressions, and abbreviations are part of everyday English, particularly in the areas of law and business. Below I’ve listed 77 examples of Latin terms every English speaker should become familiar with.

Latin Word/Phrase	Literal Translation	Definition	Sample Sentence
a priori	from the former	Supposed to be true without proof; occurring or being known beforehand.	We know a priori that matter exists; the question is–how did it come into being?
ad hoc	to this	Improvised on the spot or for a specific, immediate purpose.	The committee was formed ad hoc to address increasing crime in the neighborhood.
ad hominem	to/at the man	A logical fallacy in which the person rather than his argument is attacked.	Ad hominem attack ads are all too common during campaign season.
ad infinitum	to infinity	Going on forever.	Because pi is an irrational number, the digits after the decimal continue ad infinitum.
ad nauseam	to the point of disgust	Alternative to ad infinitum; repeating until it makes one sick.	Tom complained ad nauseam about his new job.
alibi	elsewhere	A legal defense where a defendant seeks to show that he was elsewhere when the crime was committed.	The defendant had clear motive, but his alibi was airtight, so the jury declared him not guilty.
alma mater	nourishing mother	The school or university from which one graduates.	Dad returns to his alma mater every few years for his class reunion.
alter ego	another I	Another self; secret identity.	Spiderman’s famous alter ego is wimpy news photographer Peter Parker.
antebellum	before the war	Usually refers to the period before the American Civil War.	Even in northern states racism was common during the antebellum period.
aurora borealis	northern lights	A natural light display visible in the night time sky in Arctic regions; the same phenomena in the south is known as the aurora australis.	Even after twenty years of living in northern Alaska, Carol never ceased to be astonished by the sudden beauty of the aurora borealis.
Ave Maria	Hail, Mary	Catholic prayer to Mary, the mother of Jesus.	My devout sister prays the Ave Maria every night before bed.
bona fide	good faith	Coming from sincere intentions; genuine, true.	The painting is a bona fide Renoir.
caveat emptor	let the buyer beware	The purchaser is responsible for evaluating the quality and utility of the goods he purchases.	The sign over the entrance of the used car dealership – caveat emptor – did not give me confidence.
coram deo	in the presence of god	The theological idea that we live ever in the presence of, under the authority of, and to the honor and glory of God.	We are never really alone, because all of life is lived *coram deo*.
corpus	body	Contents; or collection of works by an author or artist; a particular collection of artistic works.	The corpus of William Shakespeare includes dramatic tragedies, comedies, and histories.
cum laude	with honor	A title applied to academic graduates who attain to a level of excellence. Students can also graduate magna cum laude (with great honor) or summa cum laude (with highest honor).	Sarah is naturally smart, but it was her dedication to academic study that caused her to graduate summa cum laude.
curriculum vitae	course of life	A comprehensive resume listing educational and employment history and qualifications for job seekers.	It’s a good idea to present your prospective employer with a copy of your curriculum vitae at the start of a job interview.
de facto	in fact	Actually; in reality.	The intention of the new law is good, but de facto, it just doesn’t work.
de jure	by law	According to law; by right.	De jure, adultery is illegal in many states, but the laws are never enforced.
deus ex machina	God from the machine	An unexpected, artificial, or improbable resolution to a plot situation in a work of fiction.	The action movie was entertaining, but the ending was an unconvincing deus ex machina.
emeritus	having served one’s time	An adjective used to denote a retired professor, president, bishop, or other professional; post-retirement status.	Today’s speaker is Dr. Ruth Fisher, professor emeritus at Stanford University.
ex libris	from the books	A phrase often stamped or printed on books to denote ownership; “from the library of.”	I am happy to lend my books, but I stamp them “ex libris Tony Danza” so I can get them back.
ex nihilo	out of nothing	Usually refers to divine creation and the idea that God made the world out of nothing, with no preexisting tools or materials.	All men are by nature creative, but only God creates ex nihilo.
ex post facto	from a thing done afterward	Usually used in a legal context, ex post facto refers to a law that is retroactive, that applies to actions taken prior to the existence of the law.	The new law will not apply to previous violators because it cannot be applied ex post facto.
habeas corpus	have the body	A writ ordering a person to appear before a judge, or the right to obtain such a writ as protection against imprisonment without trial.	Terrorism suspects often have no right to habeas corpus and can be held indefinitely without trial.
homo sapien	wise man	Human; the scientific name for the human species.	There is some question about whether or not the fossilized skeleton is homo sapien.
in loco parentis	in place of a parent	In legal terms, assuming the authority and responsibilities of a parent.	While at school, your teachers serve in loco parentis.
in medias res	in the middle of things	A literary technique where the telling of the story begins in the middle rather than at the beginning.	Epic poems often begin in medias res and explain the earlier parts of the story via dialogue.
in toto	in total	Completely; totally, all together.	Even though lots of things went wrong, in toto, the event was a success.
in vitro	in glass	Refers to studies done on organisms isolated from their normal biological surroundings; commonly called test tube studies or experiments.
ipso facto	by the fact itself	As a direct consequence or effect of the action in question; in and of itself.	Steve was swerving and driving too slow; ipso facto, he was pulled over and tested for driving under the influence.
magnum opus	great work	The largest, best, or greatest achievement of an artist.	His ninth symphony is considered Beethoven’s magnum opus.
mea culpa	my fault	My mistake; my fault; an admission of guilt or responsibility.	The football player made a televised mea culpa after his disgraceful public behavior.
non sequiter	it does not follow	A logical fallacy where the conclusion does not reasonably follow from the premise; or, in literature, an irrelevant, often humorous response to a comment.	Overall, your argument is convincing, but your point about public education was a non-sequiter.
Pax Romana	roman peace	A period in history, during the dominance of the Roman empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, when relative peace reigned and little expansion of the Empire took place.	Christianity spread rapidly during the Pax Romana.
per capita	by heads	Per person; a ratio by the number of persons.	Each year, Americans eat about 135 pounds of sugar per capita.
per diem	per day	A daily allowance for expenses.	On my trip to Philadelphia, the company gave me a $100 per diem.
per se	through itself	In itself; by itself; without reference to anything else.	Eating salt isn’t bad per se, but consuming too much carries various health risks.
persona non grata	not-pleasing person	An unwelcome, unwanted, or undesirable person.	After I broke Aunt Wilma’s antique vase, I was persona non-grata at the Thomas home.
postmortem	after death	After death.	Officials determined the death was accidental after a postmortem examination.
prima facie	at first sight	Often refers to evidence in a trial that suggests but does not prove guilt.	Even though the prima facie evidence was strong, the defendant’s innocence became clear as the trial wore on.
pro bono	for good	Work undertaken voluntarily without compensation.	The lawyer was so moved by the plight of the workers, he defended their case pro bono.
pro rata	for the rate	Proportionately or proportional.	Extra nights at the hotel are charged pro rata of the weekly rental.
quid pro quo	what for what	This for that; a thing for a thing; a favor exchanged for favor.	After I picked him up at the airport, Larry took me to lunch as a quid pro quo.
quorum	of whom	The number of members whose presence is required.	Only ten board members showed up, leaving them two short of a quorum.
re	by the thing	In the matter of; referring to; regarding.	Is this phone call re the recent estate auction?
rigor mortis	stiffness of death	The rigidity that sets in on corpses about three to four hours after death.	The police had a hard time removing the briefcase from the victim’s grasp, rigor mortis having set in.
semper fideles	always faithful	The motto of the U.S. Marine Corps; sometimes abbreviated semper fi.	My uncle, the retired Marine sergeant, has “semper fideles” tattooed on his arm.
sic	thus	Just so; used to indicate that a preceding quotation is copied exactly, despite any errors of spelling, grammar, or fact.	The student wrote “the communists were probly right about some things [sic].”
sola fide	faith alone	One of the “Five Solas” of the Protestant Reformation that summarize the theology of the reformers. The others are sola scriptura (by Scripture alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), solo Christo (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone).	An important tenet of Protestantism is the idea of *sola fide* – that salvation is attained by faith, not works.
status quo	the situation in which	The current condition or situation; the way things are.	The protestors were unhappy about the status quo.
subpoena	under penalty	A request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of punishment.	The officer issued me a subpoena to appear in court in June.

tabula rasa	scraped tablet	A blank slate; a clean slate; used figuratively to describe the human mind prior to influential experience.	The idea of original sin is at odds with the notion that babies are born with a moral tabula rasa.
terra firma	solid land	Solid ground.	After eight days at sea, I couldn’t wait to set foot on terra firma.
verbatim	word for word	Perfect transcription or quotation.	I’m sorry it offends you, but that’s what he said verbatim.
veto	I forbid	The political power to single-handedly stop or make void a law.	The bill passed by a slim margin, but the President is likely to veto it.
vice versa	the other way around	The other way around.	Tom is in love with Lorraine and vice versa.
vox populi	voice of the people	In broadcasting, an unscripted interview with ordinary members of the public.	After the controversial trial, networks broadcast numerous vox populi interviews.
Common Abbreviations
A.D. (Anno Domini)	in the Year of the Lord	The predominantly used system for dating, indicating years since the birth of Jesus Christ. Years prior to the birth of Christ are normally indicated by BC, an English abbreviation for Before Christ.	The Battle of Hastings took place in A.D. 1066.
AM (ante meridiem)	before midday	Indicates the time from midnight to noon.	Normally, I awake at 6 AM.
e.g.(exempli gratia)	for the sake of example	For example.	My favorite movies are Westerns (e.g., High Noon, True Grit, Unforgiven)
et al. (et alii)	and others	Similar to et cetera, to stand for a list of names, particularly in APA and MLA style papers.	Defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy – David Beckham, Landon Donovan et al. – in the 2009 MLS Cup final proved possible.
etc. (et cetera)	and the rest	And so on; and more.	Sylvia purchased pots, pans, utensils, etc. for her new kitchen.
i.e. (id est)	that is	That is to say; which means; in other words.	Jim encountered Victor, (i.e, his new boss) in the elevator that morning.
ibid. (ibidem)	in the same place	Used in formal citations to refer to the last referenced source.	Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, 471. Ibid.
m.o. (modus operandi)	method of operating	Usually associated with criminals and their methods of committing crimes.	The police suspected Harry Harrison because the crime fit his m.o. perfectly.
PM (post meridiem)	after midday	The time between noon and midnight.	I will meet you for coffee at 2 PM.
p.s. (post scriptum)	after text	After writing; used to indicated addendums to otherwise completed personal letters.	Sincerely,George p.s., Don’t forget to feed the parrot.
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum)	what was to be demonstrated	Often written at the bottom of a mathematical or logical proof, indicating that the proof is complete.	“No snakes have legs. That creature has legs. Therefore, the creature is not a snake. Q.E.D.”
R.I.P. (requiescat in pace)	rest in peace	A benediction for the dead often appearing on gravestones.	Inscribed on his tombstone were the simple words, “Henry Humble, R.I.P.”
vs. or v. (versus)	towards; in the direction	Mistakenly used in English to mean “against,” particularly to indicate opposing parties in legal disputes or athletic events.	Today’s main event is Wally Wilson vs. Tony “The Tiger” Thomson.
Quotes and Sayings
carpe diem	seize the day	A phrase from a poem by Horace, now an aphorism meaning, “take advantage of life while you can.”	The closer I get to old age, the more I realize how important it is to live life with a *carpe diem* approach.
Cogito ergo sum.	I think, therefore, I am	The famous philosophical proposition by René Descartes. It implies that doubting one’s own existence proves one’s existence.	*Cogito ergo sum* is the foundation of Cartesian thought.
Veni, vidi, vici.	I came, I saw, I conquered	A sentence attributed to Julius Caesar upon his conquest of Britain. Quoted by Plutarch.	When asked about his recent victory at the U.S. Open, Johns replied, “*Veni, vidi, vici*!”
e pluribus unum	out of many, one	A phrase on the Seal of the United States.	Many U.S. coins pay tribute to the melting pot history of the country with the phrase *e pluribus unum*.
et tu, Brute?	and you also, Brutus?	Legendarily the last words of Julius Caesar as he realizes that his friend Marcus Brutus was among his murderers.	After I joined in the teasing, my brother looked at me with a mock-tragic grin and said, “*Et tu, Brute*?”
sic semper tyrannis	thus always to tyrants	Sometimes attributed to Brutus as he participated in the assassination of Julius Caesar. John Wilkes Booth claimed to have shouted this phrase after shooting Abraham Lincoln. The motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia.	The historic American resistance to dictatorship is expressed in the common phrase, sic semper tyrannis.

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