Last word of title - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Here it is using the original WP stuff, basically I think what you’re asking for in the most simple format:

<?php 
$post_title = get_the_title();
$title_as_array = explode(' ', $post_title);
$last_word = array_pop($title_as_array);
$last_word_with_span = '<span class="whatever">' . $last_word . '</span>';
array_push($title_as_array,$last_word_with_span);
$modified_title = implode(' ', $title_as_array);
echo $modified_title;
?>

Try out this in this PHP sandbox. You can see where I substituted a string of words («here is my title») for the title in the sandbox — it should work like that with get_the_title() too.

Here is what happens after you press «Execute Code», in case you don’t see that.

PS: For an explanation, basically this: 1) gets the title as string, 2) turns that into an array, 3) gets the last item in the array, 4) adds the span html, 5) puts that back onto the end of the title array, 6) turns array into string again, 7) prints it out.

Источник

EM
Articles
Style
Capitalization

Summary

Capitalize the first, last, and all major words in a book title, headline, or first-level heading. Major words are all words except articles (a, an, the), prepositions (on, in, of, etc.), coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, etc.), and the word to. This capitalization style is called title case.

Examples

Title case: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
Title case: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Capitalize lower-level headings using sentence case, in which only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized (the words that you would normally capitalize in a sentence).

Examples

Sentence case: The curious incident of the dog in the night-time
Sentence case: The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Style guides like the AP Stylebook, Chicago Manual of Style, APA Publication Manual, and MLA Handbook prescribe additional rules, discussed in this article.

Capitalization styles

Headings and titles of books, movies, TV shows, articles, and other works can be capitalized using either title case (also called headline style or up style) or sentence case (sentence style or down style).

Examples

Title case: How the Grinch Stole Christmas
Sentence case: How the Grinch stole Christmas
Title case: The Idea of Perfection
Sentence case: The idea of perfection
Title case: How to Be a Better Writer
Sentence case: How to be a better writer

Titles of books, movies, and other works; names of periodicals and magazines; chapter headings; and titles of articles and blog posts are usually capitalized using title case. Sentence-case capitalization is used for second-level headings and lower.

News headlines have traditionally been capitalized using title case, although these days, sentence case is often used, especially online.

In this article, we discuss the general rules of title-case capitalization and then review any additional rules and exceptions prescribed by the major style manuals.

Title case: General rules

Here are the general rules for capitalizing headlines and titles of books, movies, reports, articles, and other works:

Capitalize the first word and last word of a title.
Capitalize all major words, which are all words except articles (a, an, the), prepositions (e.g., on, in, of, at), and coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, and nor; also for, yet, and so when used as conjunctions).
Always lowercase the word to.
Capitalize the first element of a hyphenated term. Capitalize any subsequent elements only if they are major words.
Capitalize the first word of a subheading following a colon.
Break a rule if you need to—for example, if a preposition is emphasized in a title, capitalize it.

Title case rules explained

Capitalize all major words—all words except articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions.

Examples

Love in the Time of Cholera
Three Men in a Boat
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Requiem for a Dream
Catch Me If You Can
The Portrait of a Lady
The Way We Live Now
The Girl Who Played with Fire
Men without Women
The Ground beneath Her Feet
Everything Is Illuminated

Capitalize the first and last words of a title, no matter what they are.

Examples

A Clockwork Orange
The Mill on the Floss
In Search of Lost Time
Through a Glass Darkly
From Blood and Ash
But What If There’s No Chimney?
And Then There Were None
Something to Answer For
Something to Believe In
All We Dream Of
Where We Come From

Caution

It may not always be clear at first glance whether a word should be capitalized. Check what function it serves in the title.

Examples

Capitalize over as an adverb, but lowercase it as a preposition.

Adverb: The Soup Boiled

O

ver

Preposition: The Light

o

ver London

Capitalize yet
as an adverb, but lowercase it as a conjunction.

Adverb: Are We There

et?

Conjunction: Broke

et Happy

Always lowercase the word to.

Examples

Train to Busan
Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future
A Good Man Is Hard to Find

In a hyphenated term, capitalize the first element, but capitalize the following elements only if they are major words.

Examples

The Man-Eater of Malgudi
Eater is a noun and should be capitalized.
The Academy’s Out-of-Uniform Procedure
Lowercase of, which is a preposition, but capitalize uniform, a noun.
The Step-by-Step Guide to Finding Fairies
The Thirty-Nine Steps
The Anti-Inflammatory Diet Cookbook
Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World
The Fire-Breathing Dragon

Capitalize the first word of a subtitle or subheading following a colon.

Examples

Computer: A History of the Information Machine
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
The View from the Cheap Seats: Selected Nonfiction
A Memoir: Of Mermaids and Waterfalls

Break a rule if you must. If a word is emphasized in a title, capitalize it, even if it is not a major word.

Examples

How to Be the Go-To Person in Your Organization
A Run-In with Religion and Other True Stories
Is It OK to Use And at the Start of a Sentence?

Tip

Capitalize all the words that make up a phrasal verb. (A phrasal verb comprises a verb and a preposition, which together form a single verb with its own meaning.)

Examples

What to Do When You Run Into Someone You Don’t Like
How to Set Up Your Spaceship’s AI
Don’t Put Off Being Happy

Be and is in a title

Capitalize verbs, including the be verb in all its forms: be, is, are, was, were.

Examples

There Will Be Blood
Tender Is the Night
Where the Wild Things Are
Then She Was Gone
Their Eyes Were Watching God

Also capitalize the have and do verbs in all their forms: have, has, had, do, does, did.

Examples

The Heart Has Its Reasons
Owls Do Cry
What Katy Did
Inequality: What Can Be Done?

That in a title

The word that is always a major word and should be capitalized. (In most titles, it is used as a relative pronoun.)

Examples

Companies That Fleece Their Customers
The House That Jack Built

It and me in a title

Capitalize all pronouns, including it, my, me, we, our, you, he, his, she, her, they, them, and who.

Examples

How It All Began
Some of My Favorite Things
The Best We Can Do
The General in His Labyrinth
The Woman Who Did

No and not in a title

Capitalize the words no and not (a determiner and an adverb) whenever these words appear in titles.

Examples

Beasts of No Nation
Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit

AP and APA style

The APA Publication Manual (used in academic editing, especially the social sciences) and the AP Stylebook (preferred in journalism, media, and corporate communication) both specify one major exception to the general rules:

Capitalize all words of four letters or more, even if they are prepositions.

Examples

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
The Girl Who Played With Fire
Men Without Women
The Ground Beneath Her Feet
So Far From God
Once Upon a Time in the West
Much Ado About Nothing
The Light Between Oceans
The Cat Who Walks Through Walls
A Woman Under the Influence
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
The World Until Yesterday

but

The Man in the Brown Suit
The Wizard of Oz
A Home for Lunatics
The Woman on the Beach

Thus, in APA and AP style, words four letters or longer are always capitalized, regardless of function. Note that the other general rules apply as usual. Capitalize any major words, even if they are three letters or shorter: be, has, had, do, did, me, who, my, etc.

Examples

We Should All Be Feminists
If I Had Your Face
Marley and Me
The Man Who Sold His Ferrari

Another exception is that all conjunctions three letters or shorter are lowercased. Thus, in APA and AP style, lowercase not only the seven coordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, nor, for, yet, so) but also subordinating conjunctions up to three letters long (which pretty much boils down to the word if).

Examples

Pride and Prejudice
I’d Tell You I Love You, but Then I’d Have to Kill You
Catch Me if You Can

Also, do lowercase articles and any prepositions up to three letters long: a, an, the, for, in, of, to, etc.

Examples

The Bridge on the River Kwai
Stranger in a Strange Land
The Catcher in the Rye
A House for Mr. Biswas

Finally, in AP Style, the first and last words are capitalized as usual, regardless of length.

Examples

An American Tragedy
The Invisible Man
As I Lay Dying
Of Human Bondage
On the Waterfront
For the Green Planet
Something to Answer For
These Times We Live In

However, in APA style, the last word is capitalized only if it is a major word or longer than three letters.

Examples

Something to Answer for
These Times We Live in
In APA style, lowercase prepositions, unless they are four letters or longer.

Chicago style

According to the Chicago Manual of Style, the conjunctions to be lowercased are and, or, nor, but, and for. All others are capitalized. Thus, the words yet and so are capitalized regardless of function. The word if is also always capitalized.

Examples

Sense and Sensibility
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again

but

Though We Be Dead, Yet Our Day Will Come
Even If We Break

In a hyphenated phrase, if the first element is merely a prefix that could not stand by itself (e.g., anti-, pre-, non-), don’t capitalize the second part.

Examples

The Anti-inflammatory Diet Cookbook

Since the prefix anti- can’t stand by itself, don’t capitalize the second part of the hyphenated term.

but

The Thirty-Nine Steps
The word thirty can stand by itself, so capitalize nine as well.

Remember to capitalize not just the first but also the last word of a title or heading, even if it is not a major word.

Examples

The Things We Believe In
Capitalize the last word, even a preposition.
Only One Way Through
It’s You I’m Dreaming Of

MLA style

The MLA Handbook (used in academic writing for the humanities) specifies no exceptions to the general rules.

Examples

These Times We Live In
A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress

Sentence case

In sentence case, a title is written as a sentence would be: the first word and all proper nouns are capitalized. This capitalization style is generally used for headings that are second level or lower. These days, it is also increasingly being used for online news headlines.

Examples

Clear light of day
We need to talk about Kevin
The quiet American

The first word of a subtitle or subheading that follows a colon is also capitalized.

Examples

Traveling with ghosts: A memoir
Understanding comics: The invisible art

If a title begins with a numeral, lowercase the next word.

Examples

27 books to read before you die
Practice guidelines for the pickling of pineapples: 2019 update

Professional and social titles that precede a name are capitalized as well.

Example

The island of Doctor Moreau
The strange life of President Farley
The story of Father Femy and his music

For more on which words to capitalize in a sentence, see this article on capitalization.

Differences in AP, APA, Chicago, MLA rules

In title case, the first word, proper nouns, and major words of a title or heading are capitalized. Style manuals differ in their guidelines on what qualifies as a “major” word. Here’s a quick summary of the key differences between the popular styles.

In both AP and APA styles, capitalize prepositions four letters or longer. In Chicago and MLA, lowercase all prepositions, regardless of length.

Examples

APA, AP: The Girl From Mars
Chicago, MLA: The Girl from Mars

but

APA, AP, Chicago, MLA: The Woman in Red

Lowercase not just coordinating but also subordinating conjunctions shorter than four letters in AP and APA styles; capitalize all subordinating conjunctions in Chicago and MLA.

Example

APA, AP: Isolate if You Are Sick
Chicago, MLA: Isolate If You Are Sick

Capitalize the words yet and so in Chicago style. In the other styles, lowercase them when they are used as conjunctions, but capitalize when they are adverbs.

Examples

Chicago: Broke Yet Happy
APA, AP, MLA: Broke yet Happy

but

Chicago, APA, AP, MLA: Am I Normal Yet?

Capitalize the last word of the title in AP, Chicago, and MLA styles even if it is not a major word; in APA, capitalize the last word only if it is a major word. (But remember that the APA Publication Manual considers all words four letters or longer major words.)

Examples

Chicago, MLA, AP: Something to Answer For
APA: Something to Answer for

but

Chicago, MLA, APA, AP: The Places We Come From

In all four styles, capitalize the first word (whatever it may be), and lowercase articles.

Example

APA, AP, Chicago, MLA: The Girl Who Found a Dragon Egg

Источник

I don’t have direct access to the relevant Chicago Manual of Style section, but indirectly, everywhere I look online from Grammar Girl to Capitalize My Title tells me that the last word of the title should always be capitalized regardless of whether or not it’s a conjunction, article, or preposition.

This tool currently does not capitalize the last word of the title if it is one of the words in lower-case.js. For example,

title "what on earth is going on"
# What on Earth Is Going on [copied]

It should return What on Earth Is Going On.

Источник

This tool currently does not capitalize the last word of the title if it is one of the words in lower-case.js. For example,

title "what on earth is going on"
# What on Earth Is Going on [copied]

It should return What on Earth Is Going On.

Источник

When including titles of works in your writing, they must be appropriately punctuated. This helps emphasize their importance amongst the rest of the text. Although you may be creative in highlighting them, there are some broadly accepted rules for various titles of different works.

The most important thing to remember is to keep your punctuation consistent from one type of work or material to the next. In order to do that, first you need to understand how titles are categorized. Look at our punctuation guide to help determine which title deserves quotations, italics, or regular type.

How to Punctuate Titles

How you use capitalizations and punctuation marks in a title are important. Despite having some creative freedom, most online citation style guides offer some helpful advice for consistency. Keep these rules and examples in mind when you are using various types of titles in your writing.

Rule 1: Capitalize the first and last word of a title

Some people believe that an entire title is written in capitalizations, but that isn’t true unless you are using your own creative style. However, be sure always to capitalize the first and last word.

For example:

Lord of the Rings

Rule 2: Capitalize proper nouns, verbs, nouns, and adjectives

Always capitalize any proper nouns, any other nouns, verbs, and adjectives. These make up the bulk of a descriptive title and need to stand out.

For example:

A Journey Through a History of Magic

Rule #3: Capitalize the subordinate conjunctions like, as, or because

Subordinate conjunctions help combine the rest of the words in a descriptive title and should always be capitalized.

For example:

Love Like Me

Rule #4: Capitalize words following a colon

Be sure to capitalize the first word following a colon even if it is an article or coordinating conjunction. The part of a title that follows a colon is important to understanding the overall title and deserves added emphasis.

For example:

Europe: A History

Rule #5: Do not capitalize the articles a, an, and the unless they are the first word of the title

Articles are conjoining words that when capitalized can take away from the main subject of the title. Keep them in lowercase unless they are the first word of the title or follow a colon.

For example:

The Fellowship of the Ring

Rule #6: Do not capitalize the coordinating conjunctions but, and, or, if, or nor

SImilar to rule #5, keep coordinating conjunctions in lowercase unless they are also the first word of a title or follow a colon.

For example:

The Fox and the Hound

Rule #7: Do not capitalize short prepositions of less than five letters

Short prepositions also need to be in lowercase to avoid pulling attention from the main subject of the title. To, at, in, and or are more commonly known, but words such as from, out, or over are also included in this list

For example:

A History at Antietam: A War to Remember

Rule #8: Capitalize a phrasal verb particle

Go away, give over, and push on are examples of phrasal verbs and should be capitalized as they are usually a prominent part of the title.

For example:

How to Push On in Life

Rule #9: Always include any ending marks or punctuation included with the title

Don’t add any punctuation or end marks to a title that does not already include them (unless the title ends the actual sentence it is included in). This consists of any colons, commas, question marks, or exclamation points.

For example:

Why Me? A Story of Survival

Italics vs. Quotations vs. Regular Type

When using titles in your writing you want to indicate to the reader which words represent a title. You do this by making it stand out, and although you can get creative in how you highlight titles, it needs to be consistent in all your writing. Because of that it is sometimes best to follow the accepted rules for title punctuation to help you keep it the same from one text to the next.

Big Titles vs Little Titles

“Big” titles, such as book titles or album titles, should be italicized. “Little” titles, such chapters in a book or a song title in an album, should be put into quotation marks.

If you are handwriting, this can be difficult to do. In this situation you will replace the italicized big title with an underline. Leave little titles in quotations.

For example:

I enjoyed Robert Frost’s poem “The Road Less Traveled” in his anthology, Frost’s Greatest Poems.

Works of Art

Works of art, such as paintings and sculptures, are considered a big work and their title should be italicized (or underlined if handwriting). Photography is considered a little work and should be put into quotations.

For example:

Michelangelo’s Pieta is located in the Vatican and is an amazing piece to behold.

Italics

Italicized titles indicate a more significant work. These include major works and publications in a variety of both print and digital options. The title of anything in print, such as books, plays, newspapers, and magazines are obvious, but italicization also applies to movies and television shows, plays and operas, blogs, legal cases, published journals, epic poems or book-length poems, paintings, and sculptures, and even cartoons and comic strips.

Quotations

Quotation marks are reserved for shorter titles, or titles related to larger pieces of work. This includes the chapters in books, short stories and poems, articles in magazines and newspapers, blog entries, television episodes, and unpublished materials such as lectures and dissertations.

Regular Type

Even though it feels natural to highlight titles with either italics or quotations within a block of text, there are some titles that should be left as regular type. These include the titles of awards, online databases and websites, religious works, and political documents. Always follow the same capitalization and punctuation rules, even if the title doesn’t call for italicization or quotation mark use.

Title Guide

Keep this guide handy to help you remember which publications and other works that have titles should be correctly punctuated.

newspapers
movies
musical compositions
radio shows
sculptures
blogs
legal cases
books
magazines
television shows
plays
musical albums
operas
paintings
cartoons and comic strips
journals
long poems

short poems
chapters in books
short stories
songs
blog entries
photographs
episodes of television shows
essays
articles in magazines, journals, newspapers, and encyclopedias
unpublished manuscripts, speeches, dissertations, theses, and lectures

awards
musical compositions not identified by name
online databases
political documents
religious works
sections, books, and prayers within religious works
streaming services
websites
works of antiquity

Let’s Review

You can reference many titles in your writing, and you want to ensure your readers have a visual of them while they read for contextual purposes. The use of proper punctuation in terms of capitalization, italics, and quotations allows readers to know they are looking at a formal title being referenced within the work.

Источник