Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) / KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS
Task Type: Key Word Transformations.
Focus: Grammar and vocabulary.
Format: Each question consists of a sentence followed by a ‘key’ word and a second sentence with a gap in the middle. You have to use this key word to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Number of questions: 6
How many marks are there: Up to two marks for each correct answer.
What is testing:
- idioms and fixed phrases
- phrasal verbs
- verb patterns
- word combinations
- collocations
- linking words//inversion/conditionals/unreal past/
General Advice:
- Write between three and six words as your answer.
- Contractions like can’t or mustn’t are counted as two words.
- Take a guess if necessary! You will not lose marks.
- Remember that you cannot change the key word.
cambridge english: ADVANCED (cea)
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS
practice tests
- Key Word Transformations 1
- Key Word Transformations 2
- Key Word Transformations 3
- Key Word Transformations 4
- Key Word Transformations 5
- Key Word Transformations 6
- Key Word Transformations 7
- Key Word Transformations 8
- Key Word Transformations 9
- Key Word Transformations 10
- Key Word Transformations 11
- Key Word Transformations 12
- Key Word Transformations 13
- Key Word Transformations 14
- Key Word Transformations 15
- Key Word Transformations 16
- Key Word Transformations 17
- Key Word Transformations 18
- Key Word Transformations 19
- Key Word Transformations 20
- Key Word Transformations 20
- Key Word Transformations 19
- Key Word Transformations 18
- Key Word Transformations 17
- Key Word Transformations 16
- Key Word Transformations 15
- Key Word Transformations 14
- Key Word Transformations 13
- Key Word Transformations 12
- Key Word Transformations 11
- Key Word Transformations 10
- Key Word Transformations 9
- Key Word Transformations 8
- Key Word Transformations 7
- Key Word Transformations 6
- Key Word Transformations 5
- Key Word Transformations 4
- Key Word Transformations 3
- Key Word Transformations 2
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. You can use the «?» button to get a clue but by doing so you will lose points.
EXAM DESCRIPTION
ANSWERS
(KEPT) IN THE DARK ABOUT
| IDIOM | IN THE DARK ABOUT SOMETHING |
Knowing nothing about something:
Workers were kept in the dark about the plans to sell the company.
IN SUCCESSION, THE FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP HAS BEEN WON
| PHRASE + PASSIVE VOICE (PRESENT PERFECT) | IN SUCCESSION + SUBJECT + HAS BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE |
IN SUCCESSION => in a series:
Gary has won the tournament three times in succession.
NO ACCOUNT SHOULD (MUST/MAY) YOU LEAVE THE WORKPLACE
| INVERSION | ON NO ACCOUNT + AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + VERB |
Used to emphasize something — not for any reason:
On no account should the office be left unlocked.
TAKE THE LAPTOP APART UNLESS
| PHRASAL VERB + UNLESS | TAKE THE LAPTOP APART + UNLESS |
TAKE STH APART => to separate an object into pieces:
My wife’s watch stopped, so I took it apart.
TAKEN ABACK BY
| PHRASAL VERB | BE + TAKEN ABACK + BY |
To be very surprised about something:
Ann was somewhat taken aback by his directness.
IT THAT SIMON IS ON THE VERGE OF
| PHRASE + IDIOM | RUMOUR HAS IT THAT + BE ON THE VERGE OF |
RUMOUR HAS IT => people say:
Rumour has it that she was murdered.
by Adam Skimins 7th March 2022
- Article navigation:
- (FCE) 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises
- B2 First (FCE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy
The important thing in key word transformations is that you keep the meaning the same – EXACTLY the same. So it’s important that you read through the first sentence and your second sentence to ensure you have kept the meaning the same. Look at these two sentences:
Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and would take it in July.
Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and could take it in July.
One letter has been changed, from “would” to “could” but it changes the meaning of the sentence totally. Be careful of this!
A good way to practise this part of the FCE exam is to get used to writing and re-writing sentences using different structures and without changing the meaning.
(FCE) 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.
You should try and take advantage of his help.
You should try and (MOST) help he gives you.
make the most of themake the most of any
You must include the word given (MOST)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
My sister was involved in her school spelling competition.
My sister (PART) spelling competition.
took part in her schoolwas part of her school
You must include the word given (PART)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Could they grow anything here after the war?
Were (ABLE) here after the war?
they able to grow anything
You must include the word given (ABLE)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
‘Why didn’t you call me?’ asked Joe.
Joe (ASKED) not called him.
asked me why i hadasked why i had
You must include the word given (ASKED)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Driving that fast was a stupid thing to do.
If (ONLY) driving so fast.
only i hadn’t beenonly i had not been
You must include the word given (ONLY)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
I hadn’t seen my sister for about a year, when I saw her last.
About (GONE) before I saw my sister again, after the last time I saw her.
a year had gone by
You must include the word given (GONE)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.
I don’t earn anything like the amount I did before.
I earn (NOWHERE) as I did before.
nowhere near as much
You must include the word given (nowhere)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
The date for the Barcelona Conference is the 23rd of March.
The Barcelona Conference (PLACE) the 23rd of March.
takes placewill take placeis taking place on
You must include the word given (place)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
The house was not very attractive in appearance when we first saw it.
The house was (MUCH) at when we first saw it.
not much to look
You must include the word given (much)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
No-one wants to buy this type of music any more.
There (LONGER) for this type of music.
is no longer any demand
You must include the word given (longer)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Looking back, I think I was right to study mathematics at university.
Looking back, I (REGRET) mathematics at university.
do not regret studyingdon’t regret studying
You must include the word given (regret)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Our spending will have to be reduced next year.
We will have (BACK) our spending next year.
to cut back on
You must include the word given (back)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.
While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm.
We got caught in a thunderstorm while we were (WAY) yesterday.
on our way home
You must include the word given (way)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Has Mary altered her decision about moving to the countryside?
Do you know if Mary (MIND) about moving to the countryside?
has changed her mind
You must include the word given (mind)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
I’d like Kevin to stop telling me what to do.
I (WISH) telling me what to do!
wish kevin would stopwish that kevin would stop
You must include the word given (wish)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
‘Are you pleased it’s nearly half-term?’ said the teacher to us.
The teacher wanted (KNOW) pleased it was nearly half-term.
to know if we were
You must include the word given (know)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
We are earning less than we are spending, I’m afraid.
Our (EXPENDITURE) our income, I’m afraid.
expenditure is more thanexpenditure is greater than
You must include the word given (expenditure)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
I don’t think having luxuries in life is necessary.
I don’t (NECESSITY) having luxuries in life.
see the necessity ofsee the necessity insee any necessity ofsee any necessity in
You must include the word given (necessity)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.
I am starting to find watching television boring.
I am beginning to get (FED) television.
fed up with watching
You must include the word given (fed)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Bad weather makes me feel really unhappy in the winter.
Bad weather (DOWN) in the winter.
really gets me down
You must include the word given (down)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Fog delayed my flight to Moscow this morning.
My flight to Moscow (UP) this morning
was held up by fog
You must include the word given (up)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Help was urgently needed in the flooded area of the country.
They were (NEED) in the flooded area of the country.
in urgent need of help
You must include the word given (need)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
I went to Italy with the intention of learning Italian.
I went to Italy (THAT) Italian.
so that i could learn
You must include the word given (that)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Remember to return the videos you have rented.
Don’t (BACK) the videos you have rented.
forget to take backforget to bring back
You must include the word given (back)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.
To tell the truth, we need a swimming pool for this school.
To tell the truth, (WHAT) a swimming pool for this school.
what we need is
You must include the word given (what)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Do you know whose this umbrella is, by any chance?
Do you know (BELONGS), by any chance?
who this umbrella belongs to
You must include the word given (belongs)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
Was it Paul’s idea to go to the cinema?
Was it Paul (CAME) the idea of going to the cinema?
who came up withthat came up with
You must include the word given (came)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
The boats began to move slowly out of the harbour.
The boats slowly (WAY) out of the harbour.
made their way
You must include the word given (way)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
One runner did not succeed in finishing the race.
One runner (ABLE) the race.
wasn’t able to finishwas not able to finish
You must include the word given (able)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
It is not my fault that the glass broke.
You cannot (BLAME) the glass.
blame me for breaking
You must include the word given (blame)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.
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B2 First (FCE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy
B2 First (FCE) Use of English: Part 4 question type here is called key word transformation.
You must complete a new sentence that has a similar meaning. You use a word in capitals given in bold for each sentence, which you must not change.
Strategy
- Read the sentence carefully and think about its exact meaning.
- Check your tenses – if the first sentence is in the past tense, the second should be, too!
- Contractions (e.g. haven’t) count as two words.
- Try to keep the same meaning – If the first sentence says ‘Tom said…’ then don’t write ‘He said…’ in the second sentence. (Write ‘Tom said’.)
- Write between two and five words, including the word given.
Tips
Find things that are the same in both sentences and delete them. That helps you to focus on what you actually need to be transforming.
Because of the scoring system, it’s possible to get 50% in this section without getting any of the questions 100% correct. So it’s worth answering every question! Even incomplete answers can get points
Make absolutely sure that the two sentences mean the same thing. For example, if the sentence to transform has names in it, the answer will have to have them too.
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Если вы когда-нибудь готовились к олимпиадам и международным экзаменам, вам наверняка встречалось задание Key Word Transformations. Не встречалось? Значит плохо готовились. При хорошей подготовке пройти мимо трансформаций невозможно.
В этой статье мы подробно разберём, что такое перефразирование, из чего оно состоит и как к нему готовиться. Если вам нужна не теория, а практика, перейдите на страницу Key Word Transformations — упражнения.
Где могут встретиться key word transformations?
Key word transformations всегда присутствуют на международных экзаменах FCE, CAE, CPE и периодически попадаются на олимпиадах. Например, на Всероссийской олимпиаде школьников это задание встречалось на школьных этапах в 2012/13 и 2016/17 годах, на муниципальных — в 2013/14 и 2016/17, на региональных — 2015/16 и 2016/17. Олимпиады «Высшая проба» и «Ломоносов» также давали задания на трансформации в финальных турах.
Что такое key word transformations?
Задание на перефразирование выглядит примерно так:
I regret ever telling her about my plans.
WISH
I ____________________ her about my plans.
Как мы видим, в задании есть три элемента:
- предложение;
- слово;
- предложение с пропуском.
Наша задача — дописать предложение с пропуском таким образом, чтобы оно не отличалось от первого по смыслу, и чтобы в нём присутствовало данное нам слово (именно оно называется key word).
Для приведенного примера ответ может быть таким: wish I had not told. Мы использовали в ответе данное нам слово WISH и получили предложение, аналогичное исходному по смыслу: I regret ever telling her about my plans. = I wish I had not told her about my plans.
В задании всегда обозначено, сколько слов нужно дописать. Например, на FCE это, как правило, 2–5 слов, на CPE — 3–8, на региональном этапе ВОШ в 2017 году указывалось точное количество слов в каждом отдельном предложении. Обязательно внимательно читайте задание! Если слов нужно 2–5, а вы напишете 6, то балл снимут, даже если перефразированное предложение будет правильным.
Key word менять нельзя. Например, если написано WISH, нельзя переделывать его на WISHES или WISHED. Если дано NO, нельзя вместо него использовать NOT.
Проверяйте, нет ли в вашем ответе лишних слов. Например, в приведенном примере слово her уже присутствует в предложении с пропуском. Если вы укажете в качестве ответа фразу wish I had not told her вместо wish I had not told, вы потеряете балл.
Какие бывают трансформации?
Все трансформации можно условно разделить на два типа: грамматические и лексические. В задания обычно включают и те, и другие. Однако грамматические трансформации проще лексических, поэтому чем выше уровень экзамена или олимпиады, тем больше встречается лексических трансформаций и тем меньше грамматических.
Сложность лексических трансформаций объясняется их разнообразием. Они не поддаются классификации, и единственный надежный путь их освоить — расширять словарный запас всеми доступными способами, делая особый акцент на устойчивых словосочетаниях и фразовых глаголах.
Примеры лексических трансформаций:
The manager had the respect of everyone in the office.
UP
Everyone in the office _______________________ the manager.
Ответ: looked up to
You must do exactly what your manager tells you.
CARRY
You must _______________________ instructions exactly.
Ответ: carry out the manager’s
He really wanted to impress the interviewers.
DESPERATE
He _______________________ the interviewers a good impression.
Ответ: was desperate to give
I just can’t decide where to go on holiday.
MIND
I just can’t _______________________ where to go on holiday.
Ответ: make up my mind
Грамматические перефразирования менее разнообразны, и можно очертить круг тем, на базе которых они обычно создаются. Например, часто встречаются такие темы:
Passive and Active Voice
Преобразование из активного залога в пассивный и наоборот.
Claire was not allowed to stay out late when she lived at home with her parents.
LET
Claire’s parents _______________________ stay out late when she lived at home.
Ответ: did not let her
Conditionals
В этой категории очень популярны предложения со словами wish и in case.
I wished I’d done more to help.
HAVING
I regretted _______________________ more to help.
Ответ: having not done
Изменение одного времени на другое
Часто проверяется умение использовать грамматику со словами no sooner, first time, last и им подобными.
Sally hasn’t contacted us for over six weeks.
HEARD
We _______________________ over six weeks ago.
Ответ: last heard from her
Modals
Модальные глаголы и модальные эквиваленты часто встречаются в трансформациях.
Can you do the shopping tomorrow?
ABLE
Will _______________________ the shopping tomorrow?
Ответ: you be able to do
Linking words
Излюбленные слова в этой категории — despite, in spite of, although, until.
We played tennis despite the cold weather.
EVEN
We played tennis _______________________ cold.
Ответ: even though the weather was
Reported Speech
Как правило, требуется превратить прямую речь в письменную.
‘I’m sorry I’m late,’ he said.
APOLOGIZED
He _______________________ late.
Ответ: apologized for being
So and Such
It was such a stale cake that nobody wanted to eat it.
SO
The cake _______________________ that nobody wanted to eat it.
Ответ: was so stale
Rather and Prefer
I’d prefer him to be back before 11 o’clock.
RATHER
I _______________________ back before 11 o’clock.
Ответ: ‘d rather he was
Comparisons
She needs less sleep than I do.
MORE
I need _______________________ she does.
Ответ: more sleep than
Разумеется, этими группами дело не ограничивается. Key word transformations могут быть на любую грамматику. Но шанс встретить что-нибудь именно из вышеперечисленных тем очень высок.
Как проверяют transformations?
Часто бывает так, что предложение можно перефразировать разными способами. Например:
Claire’s parents DID NOT LET HER stay out late when she lived at home.
Вариант did not let her не является единственным. Наряду с ним возможны didn’t let her, refused to let her, wouldn’t let her и некоторые другие. В ключах, по которым проверяются работы, все эти варианты указаны, и если ваш ответ совпадает с одним из них, он считается правильным.
Обычно за каждое перефразированное предложение дают два балла, если оно перефразировано абсолютно правильно, и один балл, если оно перефразировано правильно наполовину. В примере выше можно заработать два балла, написав did not let her, и один балл, написав, например, will not let her (will not будет считаться неправильным, а let her — правильным). Конечно, возможность получить 0 баллов, написав неправильно обе части, тоже всегда есть.
Как тренироваться?
Если вы хотите безошибочно делать key word transformations, отрабатывайте и повторяйте грамматику, расширяйте словарный запас и обязательно делайте упражнения в формате transformations, чтобы набить руку и не делать досадных ошибок (дописали лишнее слово, изменили key word и прочее).
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Expert solutions
I can’t wait to go on holiday (FORWARD)
I’m really _____________________________________ on holiday.
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Created by
monika_collie
Terms in this set (20)
I can’t wait to go on holiday (FORWARD)
I’m really _____________________________________ on holiday.
looking forward to going
Prices may go up next year, so you should buy now. (CASE)
You should buy now _____________________________________ next year.
in case prices go up
People believe she lives in New York (BELIEVED)
She _____________________________________ in New York
is believed to live
Helen hasn’t tried Japanese food before. (TIME)
It’s the _____________________________________ Japanese food.
first time Helen has tried
Can’t he do any better than this? (THE)
Is _____________________________________ he can do ?
this the best
I don’t know all the facts. (AWARE)
I _____________________________________ all the facts.
am not aware of
Whose fault was the fire at the factory? (BLAME)
Who _____________________________________ the fire at the factory?
is to blame for
His father doesn’t want him to drink alcohol. (DISAPPROVES)
His father _____________________________________ alcohol.
disapproves of him/his drinking
Most people think that broken homes cause a lot of social problems (THOUGHT)
It _____________________________________ cause a lot of social problems.
is thought that broken homes
Why did you insist that I buy this horrible chees? (MAKE)
Why _____________________________________ this horrible cheese.
did you make me buy
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