Key word transformations complete the second sentence so that it has

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and other words to complete the sentence.

Завершите второе предложение таким образом, чтобы оно имело такой же смысл первого предложения. Используйте данное слово и другие слова, чтобы закончить предложение.

1 Tom is a good basketball player, isn’t he?
Tom plays basketball well doesn’t he?

2 Our teacher will mark our exams.
Our exams will be marked by our teacher.

3 Have some biscuits, Marta.
Marta, help yourself to some biscuits.

4 ‘Are you travelling to Japan?1 Jan said to me.
Jan asked me whether I was travelling to Japan.

5 People say a dragon guards that cave.
A dragon is said to guard that cave.

6 Her parents gave their permission for her to go out.
Her parents let her go out.

7 ‘Let’s go to the cinema tonight,’ Joe said.
Joe suggested going to the cinema night.

8 Greg is twelve years old. Joe is thirteen years old.
Joe is older than Greg Greg.

9 Fred has lived in Toronto for two months.
Fred moved to Toronto two months ago.

10 We haven’t been out to eat for three weeks.
The last time we went out to eat was three weeks ago.

11 Bob doesn’t play football anymore.
Bob used to play football.

12 ‘Will I see you tomorrow?’ John said to Nancy.
John asked Nancy if he would see her the next day.

13 Grant went to work on foot but now he drives.
Grant used to go to work on foot but now he drives.

14 After we finished dinner, Mum started the washing up.
Mum waited until we had finished dinner before starting the washing up.

15 ‘Where did I put my wallet?’ he said.
He wondered where he put his wallet.

16 We have never seen such a funny film.
It is the funniest film we have ever seen.

17 Pam didn’t come to my party because I didn’t invite her.
Pam would have come to my party if I had invited her.

18 Leave now or you’ll miss your train.
You’ll miss your train if you do not leave now.

19 The beautician is painting her nails.
She is having her nails painted by the beautician.

20 It would have been better if I had taken a map.
I wish I had taken a map.

21 ‘You’re right. The exam was hard,’ she said.
She agreed that the exam had been hard.

22 If he runs faster, he’ll win.
He will not win unless he runs faster.

23 Tony has got the same number of CDs as I do.
Tony has got as many CDs as I do.

24 It isn’t necessary to water the plants for me.
You don’t have to water the plants for me.

25 A designer won’t make her dress.
She won’t have her dress made by a designer.

26 You should get more exercise.
If I were you I would get more exercise.

27 That’s the city Tolstoy was born in.
That is the city where Tolstoy was born.

28 ‘I can’t speak French,’ Sam said to me.
Sam told me he couldn’t speak French.

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.

[start-answers-block type=3]

1. [first=» She doesn’t mind whether she will go to the mountains or not this weekend.» word=»DIFFERENCE» beginning=»It doesn’t » answer=»make any difference to her#make much difference to her» ending=» whether she will go to the mountains or not this weekend.»]

2. [first=» They didn’t start redecorating my house until last month.» word=»THAT» beginning=»It » » answer=»wasn’t until last month that#was not until last month that» ending=» they started redecorating my house.»]

3. [first=» It took Richard twenty minutes to find his mobile phone.» word=»SPENT» beginning=»Richard » answer=»spent twenty minutes looking#spent twenty minutes searching» ending=» for his mobile phone.»]

4. [first=» I will always regret not accepting the opportunity to work at Google.» word=»TURNED» beginning=»I will always wish that » answer=»I hadn’t turned down#I had not turned down» ending=» the opportunity to work at Google.»]

5. [first=» Brian wasn’t able to work outdoors yesterday because of the horrible storm.» word=»IMPOSSIBLE» beginning=»The horrible storm » answer=»made it impossible for» ending=» Brian to work outdoors yesterday.»]

6. [first=» David looks as if he were a vere decent person.» word=»IMPRESSION» beginning=»David » answer=»makes an impression of#makes an impression of being» ending=» a very decent person.»]

[end-answers-block]

ANSWER KEYS

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Добрый день! Помогите моей девушке, пожалуйста. Проверьте:
1 Grammar
Rewrite these sentences using reported speech.
1 “I live in an old house in the country”, she told me.
She told me she lived in an old house in the country.
2 “I’m living with my parents,” she said.
She said she was living with her parents.
3 “I’ve just finished school.” he said.
He said he had just finished school.
4 “l played football last week.” he told us.
He told us he had played football the previous week.
5 “I was having a bath when the lights went out,” he told me.
He told me he had been having a bath when the lights had gone out.
6 “It will be cold and wet tomorrow,” the weather man said.
The weather man said it would be cold and wet the next day.

7 “I must go and have my hair done now,” she said.
She said she must go and had her hair done at that moment.
8 “This is the last warning I’m going to give you.” she said.
She said it was the last warning she was going to give him.
9 “I still haven’t read these boks”, she said.
She admitted she hadn’t read those books yet.
10 “I’ll meet you here next week at the same time”, she said.
She promised to meet me the following week at that time.
2 Grammar
1 She said that she had seen the robber leave the bank.
“I saw the robber leave the bank”, she said.
2 She told them to go to bed.
“It’s time to go to bed”, she told them.
3 He said he couldn’t get to sleep that night.
“I couldn’t get to sleep yesterday”, he said.

4 He told her that he would phone her the next day.
“I’ll phone you tomorrow”, he said.
5 She asked him if he could phone her that evening.
“Can you phone me in the evening?” she said.
6 They sad they had to get up early the following morning.
“We’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning”, they said.
7 They said they didn’t want to be late.
“We don’t want to be late”, they said.
8 She said she was going into town later that morning.
“I’m going into town later in the morning”, she said.
9 He told them he had always wanted to play James Bond.
“I always wanted to play James Bond”, he told them.

10 Pond said that he had been working at a tea company before he became a spy.
“I’ve been working at a tea company before I become a spy”, he said.

3 Grammar

Match the beginnings of the sentences in list A with the endings in list B.

1 When I approved of the plan, i they went ahead with it.
2 When I’m tired, d I’ll have a shower and go to bed.
3 If you listened to music, f you would work better.
4 If you’re hungry, why don’t you e have something to eat?
5 If they carry on behaving like that, b they’ll get into trouble.
6 If you go shopping, g I’ll do the cooking.
7 He would be very angry c if he missed the plane.
8 When you break the law, j you can be sent to prison
9 If you don’t eat that meat soon, a it will go off
10 If they didn’t like living in Britain h why didn’t they go back to Canada?
Grammar
Marks: /10
Choose the correct word А, В, C or D to complete these sentences.
1 I feel so tired. It B must be very late.

A can В must C should D mustn’t

2 It B can rain so take your umbrella.

A can’t В can C might D should

3 This price D can’t be right. It’s too expensive.

A can В mustn’t C should D can’t

4 The holiday С will be on a Monday this year.

A shall В shouldn’t C will D can

5 The children A should be in bed now but their room

is empty.

A should В can’t C mustn’t D will

6 Earthquakes B could happen at any time.

A must В could C will D should

7 You D ought to work harder if you want to pass

your exam.

A will В must C should D ought

8 The interview is over. You D may leave now.

A must В should C can’t D may

9 You B needn’t pay me now.

A mustn’t В needn’t C shouldn’t D can’t

10 Good basketball players A ought to be tall.

A ought В have C should D must
2 Key word transformations

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1 Students at university are allowed to miss some lessons, (may)

Students at university may miss this lesson

2 It is a good idea for you to write her a letter, (should)

You should write her a letter

3 It is necessary for me to lose weight (must)
I must lose weight

4 Only people who are sixteen can take part in the competition. (have to)

You have to be sixteen to take part in the competition.

5 You mustn’t go to school without your books. (need)

You need to bring your books to school.

6 It is not necessary to book seats before we go. (have to)

We don’t have to book seats before we go.

7 It was impossible to stay indoors. (couldn’t)
We couldn’t stay in the house.

8 It is better if you drive more carefully. (ought)

You ought to drive more carefully.

9 I’ll let you stay out till after midnight (don’t)

You don’t have to come back by midnight.

10 I don’t believe she is from Argentina (can’t)

She can’t be from Argentina.
4 Error correction
Rewrite these sentences correcting the modal verbs.
1 The fires may have start as a result of the hot weather.
The fires may start as a result of the hot weather.
2 The police found a gun nearby. It must been the weapon used by the murderer.
The police found a gun nearby. It must be the weapon used by the murderer.
3 You mustn’t have closed the window last night because I found it open this morning.
You should have closed the window last night because I found it open this morning.
4 The robbers may to have been the same gang as last time.
The robbers may have been the same gang as last time.
5 We not have to take our raincoats — the sun is shining!
We do not have to take our raincoats — the sun is shining!
6 You must to try harder to improve your grammar
You must try harder to improve your grammar.
7 They must have repaired the lift. We don’t know.
They may have repaired the lift. We don’t know
8 After an earthquake, you shouldn’t leave the building.
After an earthquake, you should leave the building.
9 You don’t have lost your maths book. You had it yesterday.
You can’t have lost your maths book. You had it yesterday.
10 He’s too fat. He must ought to take more exercise.
He’s too fat. He must take more exercise.

I Key word transformations
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1 Go to Egypt and you’ll see the pyramids (visit)
If you visit Egypt, you will see the pyramids
2 I don’t have the money so I can’t buy a new computer. (had)
If I had the money, I’d buy a new computer.
3 Buying a new flat means I’ll have more space. (buy)
I’ll have more space if I buy a new flat.
4 The first prize means you get a brand new car (would)
If you won first prize, you’d get a brand new car.
5 You’re likely to see Trafalgar Square if you go to London. (probably)
If you go to London, you’ll probably see the Trafalgar Square.
6 I don’t know Chinese, so I can’t read this book (able)
If I knew Chinese, I’d be able to read this book.
7 Doing a lot of exercise makes you lose weight (do)
If do a lot of exercise, you lose weight.
8 If you like swimming, an island is the best place to go for your holidays. (spend)
If you like swimming, you should spend your holiday on an island.
9 Ice melts if it isn’t in the fndge. (keep)
If you don’t keep ice in the fridge, it melts.
10 I don’t have time to go to the concert. (had )
If I had time, I’d go to the concert.
2 Grammar
Complete these sentences using a zero, first or second conditional.
If you to go bed late, you’ll feel sick and tired the next day.
If you freeze water, you get ice.
If you feel ill, you’ll call your boss for a day off.
When the lesson ends, students have a break and go to the students’ canteen.
When students do well in their test, they’ll have an end-of-the-term party.
If you go to New York, you’ll see the Empire State Building.
If I met the President, I’d ask him about Navalnyi.
I’d be much happier if my my granny and uncle were alive.
Lessons would be more interesting if I could teach my students outdoors in spring.
I’ll have a party if I have refurbished my flat.

Render the following sentences in English using modal verbs.
В этот день заболела его сестра и он должен был за ней ухаживать.
His sister came down with a cold and he must look after her.(…he had to …)
«Вам помочь?» — «Нет, спасибо. Я все делаю сама»
“Can I help you?”
“No, thanks. I can do it on my own”
Могли бы сообщить мне об этом раньше. Теперь слишком поздно.
You should have told me about that earlier. Now it’s too late.
Я много раз просила брата не слушать музыку ночью, но он все равно включает магнитофон после полуночи.
Вам не нужно было приходить так рано. Концерт начинается в 6.30
You don’t have to come so early. The concert starts at 6.30.
Вам необходимо иметь права, чтобы быть таксистом
You must have a driving license to become a taxi driver.
Тебе нельзя покидать школу без моего разрешения (указания директора)
You mustn’t leave school without my permission.
I must visit my granny. I Haven’t seen her for two weeks.
Следовало подумать об этом до того, как началась гроза.
You should have thought about that before the thunderstorm hit.
Она упорно не хотела говорить, что случилось.

У меня есть немного времени, так что я могу написать несколько писем.
I have some time, so I’m able to write several letters.
Можно взять на время вашу книгу?
Could I borrow your book?
Ему не надо было вставать рано, поэтому он оставался в постели до полудня.
He didn’t have to get up early, so he lied in bed till the midday.

Вы должны позвонить ему и предупредить его о последствиях.
You must call him and warn him about consequences.
Этот выход использовать только в чрезвычайной ситуации (надпись над дверью)
You ought to use this exit only in case of emergency.
Не обязательно знать язык очень хорошо, чтобы путешествовать в эту страну.
You don’t have to speak fluently to visit this country.
Принести тебе эту кассету завтра?
Shall I bring you the cassette tomorrow?
Им пришлось ждать часами, чтобы получить вою буханку хлеба.
They had to be waiting for hours to get their loaf of bread.
Вам разрешалось краситься в школу?
Were you allowed to wear make-up at school?
Боюсь, после напряженного рабочего дня я не смогу встретиться с вами.
I’m afraid I won’t be able to meet you after working long hours.
Мальчики не должны дергать девочек за волосы.
Boys shouldn’t pull girls’ hair.
Не было необходимости покупать этот торт. Гости все равно не смогут съесть столько сладостей.
You needn’t have bought the cake. Anyway, the guests won’t be able to eat all sweet stuff

Заказать такси для вас? Или вы прогуляетесь домой пешком?
Shall I order a taxi for you? Or will you go home on foot?
Диана могла бы и встретить свою сестру в аэропорту. Она совсем не знает города
Diana ought to have met her sister at the airport. She doesn’t know anything about the city at all.

Underline the correct variant and point out the meaning of the modal in each sentence.
1) You mustn’t / don’t have to / shouldn’t use cream in this sauce, but it makes it much tastier. – to denote absence of necessity
2) I couldn’t / wouldn’t / needn’t watch that football match because a friend called for a long chat. – to denote absence of ability in the past
3) Tommy is so stubborn. He just can’t / mustn’t / won’t do what he is told. — – the person is not able to do sth
4) I’m afraid I can’t / won’t / may not come to your wedding as I’m on holiday in Australia. – the person is not able to do sth
5) I should have gone / had to go / needn’t have gone to visit Uncle Jim in hospital after work, but I was too
tired. – the desirable action was not carried out.
6) You don’t have to / don’t need to / mustn’t say a word about it to your mother. It s a surprise. – a strong obligation
7) Could / Shall / Should you lend me some money? I haven’t got a penny in my pocket. – a polite request
Patients should / will / are to stay in their wards during the ward round. It’s the chief physician’s order. – obligation resulting from the arrangement.
9) You may / shall / have to find a lot of interesting books on sale in that bookshop. — probability
10) I can / may / must be home before 7 o’clock tonight. It’s our wedding anniversary. – obligation from the speaker’s point of view.
11) They shouldn’t have done / didn’t have to do / needn’t have done all these exercises. There will be no time for checking them anyway. – absence of necessity.
12) Will /Could /Shall I make breakfast for you? — suggestion
13) They might have sent / needn’t have sent / may send me a birthday card. After all they are my grandparents — – absence of necessity.
14) You can / have to / ought to think twice before you agree to his proposal. It’s a serious step. — desirability

Key Word Transformations

135

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the first sentence, using theword in bold. Use two to five
words.

1 Carol found it difficult at first to drive on theright hand
side of the road.USED It took Carol a while
………………….

…………………………….. on the righthand side of the
road.

2 The film society has given Carol Berkley an awardfor her
work.PRESENTED Carol Berkley ……………………………

………………………………… an awardfor her work by
the film society.

3 I dont think hell manage to get that promotionhe wants.SUCCEED
Im not sure hell ………………………

…………. that promotion he wants.4 You waited too long to
get the concert tickets,

which is why we dont have them now.HAD If you
………………………………………

……………………….. long, we wouldhave the concert
tickets now.

5 Frank prefers reading books to watching TV.RATHER Frank
………………………………………

………………………………… watch TV.6 The trip was
cancelled because of bad weather.

CALLED The trip was
……………………………………………………… to
bad weather.

7 Sally doesnt intend to leave her job.INTENTION Sally has
………………………………….

…………………………………… her job.8 This is the
best match Ive ever seen.

BETTER Ive
…………………………………………………………………
match than that.

9 What are you doing for Easter, John? asked Lisa.KNOW Lisa
…………………………………………

… what John was doing for Easter.10 I arranged for a courier
to deliver your books

today.HAVING Im
………………………………………….

……………………….. a courier today.11 Its been three
years since I last saw Bea.

SEEN I
…………………………………………………………………………….
three years.

12 It was wrong of Mr Fearne to shout at you likethat.SHOULD Mr
Fearne ………………………………..

……………………….. at you like that.

13 Tanya was released from the hospital yesterday.LET Tanya was
………………………………..

……………… the hospital yesterday.14 It would be a good
idea not to make the dog

angry.BETTER You
…………………………………………

…………………………. the dog angry.15 Amy doesnt
fancy going out for pizza tonight.

PREFER Amy would
……………………………………………….. out for
pizza tonight.

16 Whose camera is this? she demanded angrily.TO Who
………………………………………

…………….? she demanded angrily.17 I dislike the way you
treat the staff.

APPROVE I
……………………………………………………… the
way you treat the staff.

18 Its a pity Daisy lost my favourite book.HAD If
…………………………………………….

…………….. lost my favourite book.19 Your book report
should describe the plot very

well.FULL Your book report should ……………

……………………………… of the plot.20 They say he
bakes the best cakes in Lancashire.

SAID He
………………………………………………….. the
best cakes in Lancashire.

21 Her doctor advised her to get more exercise.WERE If I
………………………………………….

…………………… get more exercise,advised her
doctor.

22 Please dont put your feet on the table.MIND Would
……………………………………..

……………… your feet on the table.23 This springs
fashions have not changed since last

year.SAME This springs fashions …………………

………………………………. last years.24 She left
university before graduating.

DROPPED She
…………………………………………………………………
university before graduating.

25 The manager believes the team can win the cup.CAPABLE The
manager believes the team ….

………………………………….. the cup.

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135

Key Word Transformations

136

26 The number of unemployed has increased steadilyin the past
few years.RISE There has been …………………………

…………………………. the number ofunemployed in the
past few years.

27 Peter wont win the race because he is slow.TOO Peter
……………………………………….

…………………………………. the race.28 Becky isnt
friends with Stacy anymore.

LONGER Becky
……………………………………………………………………….
with Stacy.

29 Thats the most gorgeous dress Ive ever seen.NEVER Ive
…………………………………………

…………. gorgeous dress than that.30 Pamela said that she
was sorry that she had hurt

Bills feelings.APOLOGISED Pamela
…………………………………….

…………………………… Bills feelings.31 The price of
the holiday includes three meals a day.

ARE Three meals a day ……………………………………
the price of the holiday.

32 You should jump at the opportunity to go toRome.ADVANTAGE You
should ………………………………

……………………….. the opportunityto go to Rome.

33 This bag is the same as that one.DIFFERENCE There
………………………………………

………………………….. the two bags.34 Peter went to
the cricket game rather than the

cinema.INSTEAD Peter went to the cricket game …..

……………………………… the cinema.35 Listening to
very loud music caused him to go

deaf.RESULT He went deaf ……………………………

……… listening to very loud music.36 Tony wants you to give
him a call this afternoon.

TOUCH Tony wants you to
…………………………………………. him this
afternoon.

37 We havent been out to dinner in a long time.AGES Its
………………………………………….

………………………….. out to dinner.38 Ben hasnt been
successful as a lawyer.

NO Ben
…………………………………………………………………………
as a lawyer.

39 It isnt very sensible to allow the children to stayup so
lateSHOULD We ………………………………………….

…… the children to stay up so late.40 Louise booked her
ticket online to make sure she

got a good seat.ORDER Louise booked her ticket online ….

……………………………. a good seat.41 My grandfather
likes to go for a walk every

morning.HABIT My grandfather is ……………………..

…………. for a walk every morning.42 Nobody, apart from
Chris, had remembered to

bring a map for the journey.ONE Chris was
…………………………………

….. to bring a map for the journey.43 Paula isnt trying to
pass her exams at all.

EFFORT Paula
………………………………………………………………..
pass her exams.

44 Its too dark to read in here.LIGHT Theres
…………………………………….

………………………… to read in here.45 I dont want to
go into the town centre today.

FEEL I dont
……………………………………………… into the
town centre today.

46 I know youve taken cash from the till, Lola,said Mr
Reilly.ACCUSED Mr Reilly
………………………………….

…………………….. cash from the till.47 Its been more
than five years since I last saw

James.SEEN I
……………………………………………..

………………… more than five years.48 John had never
visited an art gallery before.

TIME It
…………………………………………………. John had
visited an art gallery.

49 Even though Tom cant speak Greek, he is veryinterested in
Greek culture.UNABLE Despite
……………………………………

……………………………… Greek, Tomis very
interested in Greek culture.

50 The band decided not to play at the concert atthe last
moment.BACKED The band …………………………………

………………………….. the concert atthe last
moment.

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I. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use TWO to FIVE words.

1. I last travelled abroad two years ago.

been I … two years.

2. I haven’t met him before.

time It’s the … him.

3. He started work in 1999.

working He … 1999.

4. It’s a long time since we ate out.

for We … a long time

5. I’ve never read such a good story.

best It’s the … read.

Suggested Answer Key

1. haven’t been abroad for

2. first time I have met

3. has been working since

4. haven’t eaten out for

5. best story I’ve ever

II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use TWO to FIVE words.

1. All Tom thinks about is football!

crazy Tom … football.

2. We don’t have enough money to go out tonight.

afford  We … out tonight.

3. I prefer going out to staying in.

rather I … stay in.

4. She doesn’t really like going to the theatre.

keen She’s … to the theatre.

5. He can’t wait to see the new Harry Potter film.

forward He is … the new Harry Potter film.

Suggested Answer Key

1. is crazy about

2. can’t afford to go

3. would rather go out than

4. not keen on going

5. looking forward to seeing

III. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. Use TWO to FIVE words.

1. Tom was late for school as the bus was late.

time If the bus …, Tom would not have been late for school.

2. Mr Fry gave us an interesting talk on careers.

given We … on careers by Mr Fry.

3. Mum didn’t let me go out.

made Mum  … in.

4. I had never tasted sushi before.

first It … I had ever tasted sushi.

5. Policemen have one of the most difficult jobs.

as There aren’t many jobs …. that of a policeman.

Suggested Answer Key.

1. had been on time

2. were given an interesting talk

3. made me stay

4. was the first time

5. (that are) as difficult as.