Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) / KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS
Task Type: Key Word Transformations.
Focus: Grammar and vocabulary.
Format: Each question consists of a sentence followed by a ‘key’ word and a second sentence with a gap in the middle. You have to use this key word to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Number of questions: 6
How many marks are there: Up to two marks for each correct answer.
What is testing:
- idioms and fixed phrases
- phrasal verbs
- verb patterns
- word combinations
- collocations
- linking words//inversion/conditionals/unreal past/
General Advice:
- Write between three and six words as your answer.
- Contractions like can’t or mustn’t are counted as two words.
- Take a guess if necessary! You will not lose marks.
- Remember that you cannot change the key word.
cambridge english: ADVANCED (cea)
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS
practice tests
- Key Word Transformations 1
- Key Word Transformations 2
- Key Word Transformations 3
- Key Word Transformations 4
- Key Word Transformations 5
- Key Word Transformations 6
- Key Word Transformations 7
- Key Word Transformations 8
- Key Word Transformations 9
- Key Word Transformations 10
- Key Word Transformations 11
- Key Word Transformations 12
- Key Word Transformations 13
- Key Word Transformations 14
- Key Word Transformations 15
- Key Word Transformations 16
- Key Word Transformations 17
- Key Word Transformations 18
- Key Word Transformations 19
- Key Word Transformations 20
- Key Word Transformations 20
- Key Word Transformations 19
- Key Word Transformations 18
- Key Word Transformations 17
- Key Word Transformations 16
- Key Word Transformations 15
- Key Word Transformations 14
- Key Word Transformations 13
- Key Word Transformations 12
- Key Word Transformations 11
- Key Word Transformations 10
- Key Word Transformations 9
- Key Word Transformations 8
- Key Word Transformations 7
- Key Word Transformations 6
- Key Word Transformations 5
- Key Word Transformations 4
- Key Word Transformations 3
- Key Word Transformations 2
by Adam Skimins 7th March 2022
- Article navigation:
- 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises
- C1 Advanced (CAE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy
The important thing in key word transformations is that you keep the meaning the same – EXACTLY the same. So it’s important that you read through the first sentence and your second sentence to ensure you have kept the meaning the same.
- Look at the key word. What type of word is it? What usually follows it, e.g. an infinitive, a preposition, or could it be part of a phrasal verb?
- Think about the other words that need to change in the new word order, e.g. an adjective may become a noun or vice versa.
- Your answer may include words or expressions not used in the first sentence, but these must express exactly the same idea.
- Remember that contracted words count as two words, e.g. won’t = will not.
Because of the scoring system, it’s possible to get 50% in this section without getting any of the questions 100% correct. So it’s worth answering every question! Even incomplete answers can get points
post sponsored by: Zintego
40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and six words, including the word given.
Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days.
Brian had an interest in (INTEREST) North American history in his school days.
Darius soon recovered after the operation on his knee and was able to rejoin the team.
After the operation on his knee, Darius (MADE) and was able to rejoin the team.
made a fast recovery
You must include the word given (MADE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I always hated pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly.
I (USE) pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly.
didn’t use to likedid not use to like
You must include the word given (USE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
It was a mistake not to write the telephone number down.
I should (POINT) writing down the telephone number.
have made a point of
You must include the word given (POINT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
If Marc hadn´t taken up politics, he might have become a famous art historian.
If Marc hadn’t taken up politics, he might have (NAME) himself as an art historian.
made a name for
You must include the word given (NAME)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
This holiday is withing our price range, provided we don’t go to the expensive restaurants in the tourist centre.
We (AFFORD) as we avoid the expensive restaurants in the tourist centre.
can afford this holiday as long
You must include the word given (AFFORD)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Yesterday I informed my boss in writing that I would be leaving the company.
I (NOTICE) to my boss yesterday.
handed in my notice
You must include the word given (NOTICE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and six words, including the word given.
Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days.
Brian had an interest in (INTEREST) North American history in his school days.
It’s very unlikely that martin will win the 100 metres, as he’s out of training.
Martin has almost (CHANCE) the 100 metres, as he’s out of training.
no chance of winning
You must include the word given (CHANCE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Most of the children ignored what the teacher had told them.
Few of the children (NOTICE) what the teacher had told them.
took notice of
You must include the word given (NOTICE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
The company is unable to guarantee an allocated car-parking space to all employees.
The company’s employees shouldn´t (COUNT) allocated a car-parking space.
count on being
You must include the word given (COUNT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
He no longer thinks he can find a job before the end of the year.
He has given (HOPE) a job before the end of the year.
up hope of finding
You must include the word given (HOPE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I’m sure Jemma is going to become a famous model one day.
I think it’s only (MATTER) Jemma becomes a famous model.
a matter of time before
You must include the word given (MATTER)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I think learning to use a typewriter is a waste of time.
I can´t (POINT) how to use a typewriter.
see the point in learningsee the point of learning
You must include the word given (POINT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and six words, including the word given.
Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days.
Brian had an interest in (INTEREST) North American history in his school days.
The company has a good reputation in the local area.
The company (HIGHLY) of in the local area.
is highly spoken
You must include the word given (HIGHLY)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Nadia’s friend arrived just as she was about to leave the restaurant.
Nadia was (POINT) the restaurant when her friend arrived.
on the point of leaving
You must include the word given (POINT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I don’t expect the company to make a profit this year, given the economic climate.
Given the economic climate, (SURPRISED) the company made a profit this year.
i would be surprised if
You must include the word given (SURPRISED)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Barbara´s parents were certain that she would be a great tennis player.
Barbara’s parents were (DOUBT) that she would be a great tennis player.
in no doubt
You must include the word given (DOUBT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
My grandfather had completely forgotten that he phoned me last night.
My grandfather didn’t (RECOLLECTION) phoning me last night.
have any recollection of
You must include the word given (RECOLLECTION)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Pay claims must be submitted before the end of the month.
You have (PUT) your pay claims before the end of the month.
to put in
You must include the word given (PUT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and six words, including the word given.
Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days.
Brian had an interest in (INTEREST) North American history in his school days.
Given that he has no experience, will Glyn be able to do this job?
Will Glyn’s (AFFECT) ability to do this job?
lack of experience affect his
You must include the word given (AFFECT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
At no time did we think that Pedro might be planning to leave the country.
It (OCCURED) that Pedro might be planning to leave the country.
never occured to ushad never occured to us
You must include the word given (OCCURED)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I’m sure we went the wrong way at the last junction.
We must (TAKEN) at the junction.
have taken the wrong turninghave taken the wrong turn
You must include the word given (TAKEN)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
We wanted to continue our mountain trek but the weather was too bad.
We (LIKE) on with our mountain trek but the weather was too bad.
would like to have carriedwould have liked to carry
You must include the word given (LIKE)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
No changes will be made to this project.
This project will (AHEAD) to plan.
go ahead according
You must include the word given (AHEAD)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Simon really ought to make a decision about his future.
It’s high time Simon (MIND) about his future.
made up his mind
You must include the word given (MIND)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and six words, including the word given.
Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days.
Brian had an interest in (INTEREST) North American history in his school days.
Phoebe was surprised to be offered a place on the course.
The offer of a place on the course (CAME) Phoebe.
came as a surprise to
You must include the word given (CAME)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I can´t deny that I was embarrassed to be given the award.
There’s (NO) embarrassment at being given the award.
no denying my
You must include the word given (NO)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
I think Anita must have gone on a diet recently because she’s quite slim now.
It looks as (HAS) dieting because she’s quite slim now.
if anita has been
You must include the word given (HAS)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Delia said that she would no longer tolerate her colleagues being rude.
‘I am not willing (PUT) from my colleagues any longer, ‘ said Delia.
to put up with any rudeness
You must include the word given (PUT)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
It’s difficult to know what my reaction would have been in that situation.
I’m not (HOW) in that situation.
sure how i would have reacted
You must include the word given (HOW)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
Do you mind if I come over to see you later?
Do you (OBJECTION) coming over to see you later?
have any objection to me
You must include the word given (OBJECTION)You must use beetwen 3 and 6 words.
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C1 Advanced (CAE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy
C1 Advanced (CAE) Use of English: Part 4 question type here is called key word transformation.
You have to complete the second sentence, using the key word.
Strategy
- Read the sentence carefully and think about its exact meaning.
- Check your tenses – if the first sentence is in the past tense, the second should be, too!
- Contractions (e.g. haven’t) count as two words.
- Try to keep the same meaning – If the first sentence says ‘Tom said…’ then don’t write ‘He said…’ in the second sentence. (Write ‘Tom said’.)
- Write between two and six words, including the word given.
Tips
Find things that are the same in both sentences and delete them. That helps you to focus on what you actually need to be transforming.
Make absolutely sure that the two sentences mean the same thing. For example, if the sentence to transform has names in it, the answer will have to have them too.
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Key word transformations are probably the most identifiable task type in Cambridge exams. You’ll find them at B2 First, C1 Advanced and C2 Proficiency levels. With each level, the questions get longer and more challenging.
When it comes to CAE key word transformations, you’ll need to know your C1 grammar and vocabulary like the palm of your hand. To help, we’ve created a book of 230 C1 key word transformations. The book follows 25 units based on commonly tested grammar and vocabulary in the exam.
Find some free samples of the transformations from this book:
- Advanced (CAE) Transformations – Inversion
- Advanced (CAE) Transformations – Fixed Expressions
The book is available as a digital key word transformation exercises pdf here on Breakout English or grab a physical paperback copy on Amazon.
GET 230 C1 ADVANCED (CAE) KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS:
Why are CAE key word transformations important?
It’s only one activity in the entire exam, but it’s arguably the most important activity because it’s worth so many points. Transformations are marked as part of the Use of English paper. This paper consists of Parts 2, 3 and 4 of the Reading and Use of English section of the exam. Even though Part 1 looks like a Use of English task, it’s counted as part of your reading mark.
- Use of English Part 2 – Open cloze – 8 points (1 point per question)
- Use of English Part 3 – Word formation – 8 points (1 point per question)
- Use of English Part 4 – Key word transformations – 12 points (2 points per question)
With only 28 total points available in Cambridge Advanced Use of English, the key word transformations C1 task is worth 43% of your Use of English mark. Compared to other sections of the exam where there are more tasks with more questions and therefore more points available, key word transformations carry the highest per question weight of any task in the entire exam.
C1 key word transformations can be daunting, even for highly proficient users of English. The issue isn’t always the language as much as the task itself. You have to identify the language that is being transformed and then use the right grammar and vocabulary to complete the 2nd sentence. You also have to be extra careful about not making silly mistakes because one error with a preposition, plural or verb pattern can cost you a point or two.
Here’s our step-by-step process for how to do key word transformations. This post includes a downloadable copy of the process to use in class to help train students.
Grammar and Vocabulary for CAE key word transformations
If you’ve studied a C1 level course or seen a C1 level course book, there are always a similar set of grammatical structures and lexical sets that you are taught and expected to know. To pass the Cambridge C1 Advanced exam, you’ll have to have complete control of basic grammar and good control of complex grammar.
For our 230 C1 key word transformations, we’ve highlighted 17 grammar areas and 6 vocabulary areas which are commonly tested at this level. In the real exam, you’ll never know exactly what you’ll be tested on, but if you have mastered all of these areas, there won’t be much that could take you by surprise.
Grammar
- Past tenses
- Future forms
- Modal verbs
- Comparison
- Verb patterns
- Reported speech
- Passive
- Reporting passive
- Causative
- Real conditionals
- Unreal conditionals
- Wishes and regrets
- Relative clauses
- Participle clauses
- Cleft sentences
- Inversion – Available as a free download!
- Determiners
Vocabulary
- Linking words and expressions
- Fixed expressions – Available as a free download!
- Phrasal verbs
- Dependent prepositions
- Frequently confused words
- Idioms
How to prepare for C1 key word transformations
This is undeniably one of the trickiest parts of the exam, so here are Breakout English’s top tips to prepare for C1 key word transformations.
- Familiarise yourself with the exam format – Knowing the format of the exam will give you a sense of what to expect and help you approach the C1 key word transformations task with confidence.
- Study grammar and vocabulary – Make sure you have a strong grasp of grammar and vocabulary commonly tested in the C1 level exam. This will help you identify the language being transformed and complete the 2nd sentence correctly.
- Practice, practice, practice – Practise as many key word transformation exercises as you can, using official CAE materials or resources such as our book of 230 CAE key word transformations.
- Pay attention to details – C1 key word transformations require a lot of attention to detail, so make sure to read the questions carefully, and double-check your answers for silly mistakes. You don’t want to lose a point because of a missing preposition, misspelling or incorrect plural noun!
- Time management – Key word transformations are worth a large portion of your Use of English mark, so make sure to allocate enough time for this task during the exam. If you time the rest of the exam well, you can dedicate about 15 minutes to the 6 transformations questions.
- Stay calm – Remember that the key word transformations task is just one part of the exam and try to stay calm and focused during the exam.
- Don’t get stuck – It can be easy to obsess over one question, using up valuable time. If you find yourself in this situation, move on to the other questions, or even to another part of the exam. You can come back later and try again.
By following these tips, you’ll be well prepared to tackle the CAE key word transformations task and perform to the best of your ability.
Get 230 Advanced (CAE) Key Word Transformations
We’ve created these CAE transformations with the same format and style that you’ll find in the official exam. The book follows 25 units, including a wide variety of grammar and vocabulary topics for you to improve your English and your exam skills.
Ideal for self-study or photocopiable for teachers in the classroom.
Includes:
- Introduction.
- A step-by-step guide on how to do C1 key word transformations.
- 17 tasks based on C1 level grammar.
- 6 tasks based on C1 level vocabulary.
- Answer key.
With the digital download, you receive a key word transformation exercises pdf with all the same content of the paperback book in a pdf format.
These materials have been designed to represent the same quality and standards as authentic exam materials.
Proceeds from paid materials go towards helping Breakout English continue to offer the majority of our quality materials 100% free and accessible to teachers and learners of English. Thank you for your support!
How to do the rephrasing:
In this part of the exam the candidate must read a sentence and then complete a second sentence with 3-6 words so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. It is a text of grammar and vocabulary. Sometimes the sentence can be completed with only 2 words or more that 6 but these answers are not valid as the task stated 3-6 words.
Fill in the gaps in the second sentence with 3-6 words. You must use the word given in exactly the same form. Each question is worth 2 points, one based on vocabulary and the other on grammar.
Lexical: phrasal verbs, word patterns, fixed expressions, contextual vocabulary etc.
Structural: passive, relative clauses, reported speech, quantifiers, connectors, tense changes, gerund versus infinitive, modal verbs, inversions (rarely), conditionals etc
E.g. We must take as much advantage as possible of any opportunity to speak English.
MOST We have …………………………………………………………………… any opportunity to speak English.
Answer: make the most of
Try the Deleting Technique: You take the sentence transformation, for example:
It´s clear that you´ll have a great time regardless of where you go out on Saturday night.
MATTER I´m sure that you´ll have a great time ________ you go out on Saturday night.
YOU MUST CONSIDER WHAT IS THE SAME IN BOTH SENTENCES AND THEN DELETE WHAT IS THE SAME IN THE FIRST SENTENCE
It´s clear that you´ll have a great time regardless of where you go out on Saturday night.
MATTER I´m sure that you´ll have a great time ________ you go out on Saturday night.
YOU ARE LEFT WITH REGARDLESS OF WHERE AND ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS THINK OF THE SYNONYM FOR IT.
Answer: no matter where
Follow up activity: You should write down the answers and the common vocabulary. These are almost always synonyms. Write them in a list like…
give up = quit
put up with = tolerate
so that = in order
no matter = regardless of
as long as = provided that
wish = if only
it is high time = it is about time
instead of = rather than
Use our list of 110 EXPRESSIONS FOR KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS FOR ADVANCED (C1)
Patterns and predicting types of answers:
Sentence transformations are quite predictable and if you do enough practice you will see that patterns emerge and that the grammar structures repeat. It is very normal to find passives, impersonal passives, causative passives, relative clauses, reported speech, quantifiers, connectors, tense changes, gerund versus infinitive, modal verbs, inversions, conditionals and unreal tenses like wish or if only. For example (see below) if the rephrasing includes WISH, the answer they are looking for is likely to include IF ONLY.
AVAILABLE IN PDF HERE
Now, let´s put it into practice (answers in PDF):
- “You should try to blend in as much as you can” Laura´s brother told her.
UNNOTICED Laura´s brother advised her _______________ as much as possible.
- The local sports authority wants us to never quit at any cost.
URGED The local sports authority has _______________ up.
- The thieves of the painting escaped without punishment because of a technicality.
AWAY On account of a technicality the thieves _______________ the painting.
- I feel that you have really let me down this time, I can´t help it.
AVOID I can´t _______________ you this time
- We were considering moving abroad, but we decided not to bother at the last minute.
OPTED We were thinking about emigrating, but we _______________ the last minute.
- Being different from others might be a good thing at times.
OUT It is sometimes _______________ from the crowd.
- I failed the exam as I hadn’t gone over the vocabulary enough.
HAD If only _______________, I would have passed the exam.
- “You could have told me that you went to the party in the end” John told his best mate.
UP John said to his best mate that he should have _______________ at the party.
- Before starting your own business, a lot of market research should be done.
UP When you want _______________ business, you need to do extensive market research beforehand.
- The business shutting down caused a lot of unemployment as a consequence.
WINDING The _______________ business increased the amount of unemployment.
- Your stress levels will decrease as you learn to disconnect.
UNWIND There will be a decrease in stress levels _______________
- Until they learn the ropes, the job can be overwhelming at first.
TOUGH Some people find _______________ until they learn the basics.
- I usually need to talk nicely to someone, before they decide if they like me or not.
CHAT People don’t know if they like me until I have had the _______________.
- If I could get away with it, I would consider having an affair
ON I would be _______________ wife, as long as she didn’t find out.
- My parent don’t mind if I sign up to an extracurricular activity or not.
DIFFERENCE It _______________ join an extracurricular activity or not to my parents.
- If you shout at your kids, which is unnecessary, it won’t make the blind bit of difference.
OFF In the event of _______________, they won’t learn from it.
- I think you owe your friends an apology, you should keep in touch better
CONTACT I think you should say sorry to your friends for _______________.
- It is an unlikely scenario that we will both end up studying at the same university, as I don’t want to.
RELUCTANT I would _______________ same university as you, so it is very improbable.
- “Why did you split up with Sarah, she was really good for you” Agnes asked Michael.
BREAK Agnes wanted to _______________ with Sarah.
- I couldn’t believe it when I coincidently saw Samuel in the street
BUMP It came as a _______________ Samuel in the street.
- The consistent humorous events in the film made me laugh a lot.
CRACKING I couldn’t help _______________ funny moments in the film.
- You have let me down and what is worse, you have let yourself down.
DISAPPOINTED I feel really _______________ is worse is you have let yourself down.
- The bully wasn’t just teasing his classmate. He was being violent too.
ONLY Not _______________ fun of his classmate, He was violent too.
- It isn’t worth talking to people if they are only going to be rude to you.
IMPOLITE If I were you, I wouldn’t talk _______________ to you.
- He clearly forgot to collect you last night, he left you waiting for so long.
PICK It is clear that he didn’t _______________ night as you were waiting for a long time.
- It is worth gathering every once in a while to catch up.
TOGETHER I am keen to _______________ now and then to catch up.
- Do you ever have to spend time with people you don’t get on with?
OUT Must _______________ anyone you don´t like very much?
- It might be a good idea to keep on studying another year before doing the exam.
US It could _______________ studying for another year before going in for the exam.
- I´ll carry on studying providing that you give me a hand.
LONG _______________ help me out, I´ll carry on with my studies.
- Please inform your tutor is you have gone off your course.
LIKING Let your tutor _______________ your course.
- I could really do with cutting down on the amount of time I spend looking at screens.
REALLY I should _______________ time I have.
- He was in such a fluster that he ended up fainting and fell on the floor.
OUT As he was so flustered _______________ on the floor.
- Has anyone really important to you ever passed away?
MATTERS Has a _______________ you ever died.
- It might be a sound plan to sell the electrical appliances to raise some cash.
GET It could be a good idea _______________ electrical appliances to get some extra money in.
- Do you mind working out in the mornings?
TO Do you have _______________ exercise?
- As soon as I agreed to go to the party, my wife asked me to look after the baby, so I couldn´t go.
CARE The moment I said that I would go to the party my wife asked _______________ the baby.
- My boss suggested that I shouldn´t stand for disrespectful clients.
UP My boss told _______________ disrespectful clients.
- As long as you stand up for me in the meeting, I don´t really care.
NO As long as you protect me in the meeting, it _______________ me.
- It remains to be seen if they will face up to what they have done.
TELL Only time _______________ fault for what they have done.
- This problem doesn´t call for immediate action until further notice.
REQUIRED Immediate action _______________ further notice.
- I put his failure down to a lack of study time.
ONLY He _______________ he didn´t study enough.
- Doing this job is just a means to an end, as I am off to university soon and I need to save up some cash.
GAP As I am going to university soon this job is just a stop _______________ money.
- As the restaurant had run out of meat, I had to choose the fish.
BUT As the restaurant had no meat left, I had _______________ for the fish.
- Would you rather I told you or find out from a stranger?
BETTER Would _______________ you or find out from a stranger?
- If I could brush up on my English pronunciation, I´d be glad.
IMPROVE I´d be over the moon _______________ English pronunciation.
- You should never drop out of university midway through a course.
ACCOUNTS On _______________ out of university midway through a course.
- I can hardly ever figure out how to solve maths equations.
SELDOM I can _______________ way to solve maths equations.
- If it is the same to you, I´d rather get on with the project as to not fall behind.
CATCH I´d rather _______________ so I want to get started as soon as possible if you don´t mind.
PDF HERE WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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C1 Advanced Key Word Transformations
Terms in this set (118)
is affected by environment is unclear
Scientists don’t know to what extent environment affects our intelligence.
UNCLEAR
How far our intelligence _________ to scientists.
struck me that Jessica
Jessica is looking well these days, I suddenly thought.
STRUCK
It _________ is looking well these days.
to take care of makes
Some people are happy when they have a pet to look after.
TAKE
Having a pet __________ some people very happy.
strong likelihood that the concert
It’s highly likely that they will cancel the concert.
STRONG
There’s a _________ will be cancelled.
came as a complete surprise
We were incredibly surprised when we found the letter.
SURPRISE
The discovery of the letter _________ to us.
he was prevented from playing
He didn’t play in the game because he’d hurt his back.
PREVENTED
As a result of his back injury ___________________ in the game.
you attend the meeting doesn’t
You can come to the meeting or not — I don’t really mind.
ATTEND
Whether or not __________ really matter to me.
take back what I said
I didn’t mean all those things about your sister — I’m sorry.
TAKE
I’m sorry, I ___________________ about your sister.
cut down on the amount
Nick said we should reduce the amount of salt in our food.
CUT
We ___________________ of salt in our food, according to Nick.
never imagine him refusing
He’ll never refuse free tickets, I’m sure.
IMAGINE
I could ______ free tickets.
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CAE C1 Advanced 50 Key Word Transformations.Vol 2
Date:
09 ноября 2020
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This ebook contain 50 Key Word Transformation exercises . Using the «key word», students are expected to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the original sentence. The Key Word Transformation is part 4 of the use of English paper. In order to pass this task , students must be able to recognize what they are being tested on. For example, they need to know when they have to use the passive voice, a causative verb, modals of speculation, a conditional tense,etc. The exercises in these ebooks test the most common grammatical structures that students need to know in order to pass part 4 of the Use of English paper of the Cambridge English Advanced (CAE) examination.
В этой статье мы разберем структуру заданий одной из самых значимых частей кембриджских экзаменов Use of English (использование английского — грамматика и лексика) и поделимся советами по их успешному выполнению.
В блоге уже выходили статьи о том, как сдать Writing (письменную часть), Reading (чтение) и Listening (аудирование) на экзаменах FCE, CAE, CPE — советуем ознакомиться с этими материалами. Теперь перейдем к тому, как подготовиться к части Use of English экзаменов FCE, CAE, СPE.
Типы заданий в части Use of English
Раздел Use of English экзаменов FCE, CAE и CPE объединен с разделом Reading. На выполнение всей части Reading and Use of English вам дадут 1 час 15 минут на экзамене FCE и 1 час 30 минут на CAE и CPE. За это время вам надо выполнить порядка 7-8 заданий. Первые 4 задания относятся к части Use of English, которая проверяет ваш словарный запас и знание грамматики, а остальные — к части Reading.
Давайте посмотрим, из каких заданий состоит Use of English на кембриджских экзаменах:
Экзамен | Multiple choice cloze | Open cloze | Word formation | Key word transformations |
---|---|---|---|---|
FCE, CAE, CPE | Part 1 8 предложений по 1 баллу |
Part 2 8 предложений по 1 баллу |
Part 3 8 предложений по 1 баллу |
Part 4 4-6 предложений по 2 балла |
Экзамены совпадают по структуре, баллам и количеству заданий, но отличаются по степени сложности. Разберем примеры заданий Кембриджских экзаменов с официального сайта: FCE, CAE и CPE.
Part 1: Multiple-choice cloze (выбрать правильный ответ из нескольких предложенных)
Суть задания: Вам нужно заполнить пропуски в тексте, выбрав одно из предложенных четырех слов. Всего пропущено 8 слов. В этом задании проверяется словарный запас (vocabulary) — знание фразовых глаголов, устойчивых выражений, идиом, оттенков значений и т. п.
Техника выполнения: Чтобы получить общее представление о тексте, прочитайте его, не обращая внимания на пропущенные слова. Далее внимательно читайте каждое предложение и варианты ответа. Исключите варианты, которые явно не подходят, затем из оставшихся выберите тот, который логически дополнит предложение и будет сочетаться с рядом стоящими словами. Рассмотрим пример:
They couldn’t (1)… a decision and agreed to meet again after lunch.
a) arrive
b) achieve
c) reach
d) attain
Хорошо зная устойчивые словосочетания, вы выберите вариант reach.
I like to go to the beach (2)… my wife likes to stay in and watch a TV show.
a) then
b) where
c) when
d) whereas
Однозначно не подходят варианты then (в примере указаны не последовательные действия, а параллельные) и where (нелогично, она в номере смотрит шоу, а не на пляже). Выбирая между when и whereas, следует предпочесть «в то время как», в значении противопоставления, а не просто «когда». Правильный ответ — whereas.
Пример задания multiple choice cloze на экзамене FCE
Пример задания multiple choice cloze на экзамене CAE
Пример задания multiple choice cloze на экзамене CPE
Part 2: Open cloze (вставить слово в предложение без вариантов ответа)
Суть задания: Нужно вновь заполнить пропуски в тексте словами, подходящими по смыслу. Пропущено 8 слов, но в этот раз вам не предлагают никаких вариантов.
Техника выполнения: Прочтите текст, не обращая внимания на пропущенные слова. Затем прочитайте внимательно каждое предложение. Обратите внимание, какие слова стоят до и после пропущенного слова. Они подскажут вам, к какой части речи относится это слово, число или время, в котором оно должно стоять. Например:
I really (1)… like this picture! It’s a masterpiece.
Очевидно, что предложение вполне самодостаточное и без вставки. Вместе с тем вы можете увидеть, что перед вами эмоциональное высказывание. Значит, правильно будет вспомнить про вспомогательный глагол do в функции усиления — I really do like this picture! It’s a masterpiece.
The concert has been cancelled (2)… to the epidemic situation in the city.
В первой части предложения — следствие, а во второй — причина. Мы не можем вставить because, так как после него употребляется предлог of, a не to. Необходимо рассмотреть другие варианты, близкие по значению к «потому что» и «из-за». Отлично подойдут owing и due. Иногда могут подходить сразу два варианта ответа, каждый из них будет правильным, но вам все равно нужно вписать один.
Пример задания open cloze на экзамене FCE
Пример задания open cloze на экзамене CAE
Пример задания open cloze на экзамене CPE
Part 3: Word formation (словообразование)
Суть задания: Вам нужно заполнить пропуски в тексте, образуя однокоренные слова от предложенных. Это задание проверяет насколько грамотно вы используете словарный запас.
Техника выполнения: Следует прочитать текст несколько раз — сначала бегло, а затем вдумчиво, обращая внимание на key words и слова, которые идут до и после него. Это поможет вам правильно определить часть речи производного слова. Большинство слов изменяются с помощью приставок, суффиксов и окончаний, например: courage – discourage, circle – circular, health – unhealthy, employ – unemployed. Переведите предложение, чтобы убедиться в правильности выбранной части речи.
Самые распространенные ошибки при выполнении этого задания:
- Путаница в отрицательных и положительных характеристиках
Don’t be so …, I’ll finish the task in a minute. (patience)
Если не обратить внимание на отрицание (don’t be) и использовать прилагательное patient (производное от patience), то это будет ошибкой. Правильный ответ — impatient.
Чтобы избежать ошибки, внимательно читайте весь текст и следите за логикой предложения.
- Неправильная часть речи
My boyfriend is not very … about the idea of going to New York. (enthusiasm)
Правильный ответ — прилагательное enthusiastic. Если использовать вместо него наречие enthusiastically, это будет ошибкой. Выбор наречия вместо прилагательного и наоборот — распространенная ошибка.
- Ошибки в выборе единственного или множественного числа
Tina’s husband is one of the strongest … in her business. (support)
Правильный ответ — supporters. Единственное число — supporter — будет ошибкой. Сбить может тот факт, что мы говорим об одном человеке, но ведь в предложении есть конструкция one of (один из).
- Орфографические ошибки
Чтобы избежать орфографических ошибок, необходимо регулярно практиковать правописание и не лениться проверять слова в словаре.
Пример задания word formation на экзамене FCE
Пример задания word formation на экзамене CAE
Пример задания word formation на экзамене CPE
Part 4: Key word transformations (перефразирование предложения с использованием ключевого слова)
Суть задания: Вам даны предложение и ключевое слово/словосочетание. Необходимо преобразовать предложение таким образом, чтобы в него вошло данное ключевое слово/словосочетание, учитывая ограничения по количеству слов, указанных в задании. Полученное предложение не должно отличаться по смыслу от исходного.
Техника выполнения: Прочитайте исходное предложение и вспомните все устойчивые выражения и фразы с указанным key word. Затем прочитайте второе предложение с пропуском. При трансформации предложения вы не должны выходить за рамки указанного количества слов в задании (с учетом key word). Конечно, нельзя изменять key word. Например, если дано wish, не стоит использовать wishes или wishing. Если дано not, нельзя вместо него использовать no. Также проверяйте, нет ли в вашем ответе лишних слов. Разберем пример:
I regret ever telling her about my private life. (wish)
I ____________________ her about my private life.
Правильный ответ — I wish I had not told her about my private life.
В приведенном примере местоимение her уже есть в предложении с пропуском. Если напишете wish I had not told her вместо wish I had not told, это будет ошибкой. За каждое верно перефразированное предложение вы получаете два балла, и один балл, если вы допустили небольшую ошибку.
Пример задания key word transformations на экзамене FCE
Пример задания key word transformations на экзамене CAE
Пример задания key word transformations на экзамене CPE
Хотите получить международный сертификат? Записывайтесь на курс подготовки к экзаменам.
Как успешно сдать Use of English — 7 советов
- При подготовке много читайте. Желательно, чтобы тексты были различной тематики. Отдавайте предпочтение газетным и научным статьям. Выбирайте серьезные издания, например, The Washington Post или The Guardian. Читая тексты, выписывайте и учите новую для вас лексику, также изучайте и повторяйте готовые подборки устойчивых выражений и идиом. Например, их можно найти в учебной серии Oxford Word Skills Intermediate и Advanced.
- Относитесь к грамматике как к инструменту, который на экзамене поможет вам точно выразить свои мысли. Разбирайте грамматические правила и отрабатывайте их.
- Выполняйте пробные тесты и тренируйтесь распределять время на каждый тип заданий. Обратите внимание, что необходимо брать тестовые задания, изданные не ранее 2015 года, потому что в этом году произошли изменения в формате кембриджских экзаменов.
- Не зацикливайтесь на одном задании. Если вы сомневаетесь, напишите возможные варианты ответа на полях и продолжайте выполнять тест. К пунктам, в которых вы не уверены, вернитесь позже.
- Проверяйте свои ответы каждый раз, как выполнили задание.
- Пользуйтесь подходящими ресурсами:
- Cambridge English Exam Booster — пособие содержит 48 экзаменационных заданий. В книге рассмотрены типичные ошибки и даны рекомендации для успешной сдачи экзамена.
- Cambridge English First 2, Cambridge English Advanced 2 и Cambridge English Proficiency 2 — каждая книга содержит 4 теста для каждого из экзаменов. Пособия ознакомят вас с содержанием и форматом экзаменов FCE, CAE и CPE.
- Cambridge English Teacher Rory — советы по подготовке к FCE и CAE от преподавателя и носителя языка Рори.
- Floe-Joe — тренировочные упражнения в формате экзаменов FCE, CAE, CPE.
- Рекомендуем найти преподавателя, который сам получил международный сертификат и у которого есть опыт подготовки студентов к экзамену. Такой учитель не только проработает с вами типовые задания, но и расскажет о методике сдачи экзамена исходя из своего опыта. Он поможет вам правильно организовать подготовку, структурировать информацию, поделится психологическими приемами. Если вы в поиске такого учителя, обратитесь в нашу школу, и менеджеры подберут преподавателя, который поможет вам сдать экзамен на высокий балл.
Желаем успехов в сдаче экзаменов!
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