From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Justice Society: World War II | |
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4K UHD cover |
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Directed by | Jeff Wamester |
Written by |
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Based on |
Justice Society of America
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Produced by |
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Starring |
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Edited by | Bruce A. King |
Music by | Kevin Riepl |
Production |
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Distributed by | Warner Bros. Home Entertainment |
Release date |
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Running time |
84 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Justice Society: World War II is an American animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is the 41st film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the second installment of the Tomorrowverse.[1] The film is directed by Jeff Wamester and starring the voices of Stana Katic, Matt Bomer, Elysia Rotaru, Chris Diamantopoulos, Omid Abtahi, Matthew Mercer, Armen Taylor, and Liam McIntyre. It tells an original story of the Flash ending up back in time to World War II where he meets the Justice Society of America and helps them thwart the threat of the Nazis and the Advisor.
Plot[edit]
During World War II, with Nazi Germany invading most of Europe and Adolf Hitler seeking magical artifacts, President Franklin D. Roosevelt is asked by Colonel Steve Trevor to get the United States involved by creating a team of superhumans. Consisting of Trevor, Black Canary, Hawkman, Hourman, Jay Garrick / Flash, and led by Wonder Woman, the Justice Society of America is formed.[2]
In the present,[N 1] Barry Allen and Iris West picnic in Metropolis, hoping to get away from «work». However, their plans are disrupted by Superman fighting Brainiac. Allen comes to Superman’s aid as the Flash. When Brainiac fires a Kryptonite bullet, Flash tries to catch it, but he runs fast enough to channel the Speed Force for the first time. Guided by Doctor Fate’s voice, Allen arrives in what he believes is the past during a battle between the JSA and the Nazis. Despite initial confusion over his allegiance, the JSA realizes Allen is an ally after he defeats the Nazis and saves Trevor and that he is seemingly from the future. As the team mobilizes to stop a second wave of Nazis, Allen takes Trevor back to the JSA’s base, where he learns about the team, whom he never heard of before.
After meeting «Shakespeare», the JSA’s war correspondent, and Trevor attempts to propose to Wonder Woman, the JSA meet for their next mission. Despite the risk of causing a time paradox, the heroes realize they need Allen’s help in saving a codebreaker from a Nazi fortress who can decode a message Trevor stole.
Arriving at the fortress, the heroes and «Shakespeare» break in, defeat the guards, and discover several prisoners in the dungeons. «Shakespeare» rescues a prisoner who says someone told him of his arrival, and implores him to prevent something from happening. A guard attacks «Shakespeare», only for the bullets to bounce off of him. When Wonder Woman, Allen, and Trevor arrive, «Shakespeare» identifies himself as Clark Kent. However, when he reveals a different background from the Kent he knows, Allen realizes that he is actually in a parallel reality. The rest of the team finds the codebreaker, whom Hawkman recognizes as Doctor Fate. Breaking the code with his powers, Fate directs the team to the Bermuda Triangle before disappearing.
Arriving at the Triangle by sub, the team is detected by Nazi warships. After depth charges disable the engines, the Flashes jump-start the sub while Wonder Woman heads out to destroy the enemy ships. The heroes are saved by Atlantean soldiers, who direct them to a nearby outpost. Met by the Advisor, the team meets Aquaman, who imprisons them. It is revealed that the code was a Nazi trap and Aquaman is being controlled by the Advisor, who is influencing the Atlanteans to work with the Nazis in the hopes of destroying them later so he can take over the planet. After the Flashes realize they are becoming weaker while they are together, they join forces to regain their strength and break out. The team splits up, with one heading for New York to stop the Nazis and Atlanteans while Allen and Wonder Woman try to stop Aquaman and the Advisor from releasing monsters from the Trench.
As Atlantean forces attack Manhattan, they are confronted by the JSA. The heroes gain the upper hand until the Trench monsters arrive, killing Hawkman and wounding Hourman. Garrick and Canary destroy the monsters while Wonder Woman and Allen arrive and fight Aquaman, during the long heated battle with the help of Trevor she was able to break Aquaman’s trident and frees him from the Advisor’s control. Realizing what he has done, Aquaman retreats in guilt, but the Advisor reappears and reveals that a follow-up strike by Nazi bombers is imminent before killing Trevor from behind using Aquaman’s broken weapon. Barry knocks out the Advisor while Kent returns to destroy the bombers. Trevor proposes again to Wonder Woman as a dying man’s last wish, and she accepts. The Advisor regained conciseness and managed to escape in the chaos of the Nazi bombers being taken down and before Hourman discovering Trevor dying. The JSA vows to avenge Trevor’s death.
Before returning to his Earth, Allen shares his goodbyes with the JSA. Wonder Woman gives him the ring Trevor gave her, warning him of holding off for tomorrow. Allen and Garrick use their combined speed to send the former back to the moment he intercepted the Kryptonite bullet. After destroying Brainiac with it, Allen suggests forming a team,[N 2] to Superman to combat future threats before returning to Iris and proposing to her, which she accepts.
Voice cast[edit]
Voice actor | Character |
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Stana Katic | Diana / Wonder Woman |
Matt Bomer | Barry Allen / The Flash |
Omid Abtahi | Carter Hall / Hawkman |
Geoffrey Arend | Charles Halstead / Advisor |
Darren Criss | Clark Kent / Superman (Earth-1) Clark Kent / «Shakespeare» / Superman (Earth-2) |
Darin De Paul | Brainiac (credited) Franklin D. Roosevelt (uncredited) |
Chris Diamantopoulos | Steve Trevor |
Keith Ferguson | Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate |
Ashleigh LaThrop | Iris West |
Matthew Mercer | Rex Tyler / Hourman |
Liam McIntyre | Aquaman |
Elysia Rotaru | Dinah Drake / Black Canary |
Armen Taylor | Jay Garrick / The Flash |
Production[edit]
The film was officially announced in August 2020, during the Superman: Man of Tomorrow panel at DC FanDome.[3] Some of the concepts for the story and setting originated from a Wonder Woman animated series developed by producer Butch Lukic, who would later incorporate them into the film.[4]
Release[edit]
The film was released on digital platforms on April 27, 2021, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 11.[5]
Reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 81% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 7.10/10.[6]
Jesse Schedeen of IGN rated the film a 9 out of 10: «Justice Society: World War II easily ranks among the best of long-running DC Universe Movies series. It draws just the right amount of inspiration from the source material while also pulling from adventure movies like Raiders of the Lost Ark to spin an entertaining superhero yarn. It deftly avoids the pacing issues that have plagued so many of these movies and manages to take full advantage of nearly every member of its ensemble cast. Clearly, Warner Bros. should be putting Barry Allen at the center of these animated films more often».[7]
The film earned $732,012 from domestic DVD sales and $2,887,606 from domestic Blu-ray sales, bringing its total domestic home video earnings to $3,619,618.[8]
Future[edit]
The Flash makes a non-speaking cameo in Batman: The Long Halloween: Part II’s post-credits scene. Additionally, Criss and Bomer will reprise their roles as Clark Kent / Superman and Barry Allen / The Flash in the upcoming film Legion of Super-Heroes, which will also be set in the Tomorrowverse.[9]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Set after Superman: Man of Tomorrow.
- ^ Identified off-screen as the Justice League who make an appearance in Green Lantern: Beware My Power.
References[edit]
- ^ Holmes, Adam (June 17, 2021). «How Matt Reeves’ The Batman Affected The Long Halloween’s Release». CinemaBlend. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
- ^ «‘Justice Society: World War II’ Summary & Ending, Explained — Introduction To Speed Force | DMT». Digital Mafia Talkies. April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ «Justice Society of America: New Animated Movie to Release Next Year». August 25, 2020.
- ^ Comic Book Resources «Justice Society: World War II Started as a Wonder Woman Series» by Sam Stone, April 2, 2021
- ^ Adam Tyner (May 15, 2021). «Justice Society: World War II — Blu-ray Review». DVD Talk.
- ^ «Justice Society: World War II«. Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- ^ Schedeen, Jesse (April 27, 2021). «Justice Society: World War II Review». IGN. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- ^ «Justice Society: World War II (2021) The Numbers Listing». The Numbers. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
- ^ Couch, Aaron (October 13, 2022). «DC’s ‘Legion of Super-Heroes’ Sets Voice Cast With Meg Donnelly and Harry Shum Jr. to Star (Exclusive)». The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
External links[edit]
- Justice Society: World War II at IMDb
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Год выхода:
2021
Название:
Justice Society: World War II
Страна:
США
Перевод:
Многоголосая профессиональная озвучка Flarrow Films.
Продолж.:
01:24:16
Режиссер:
Джефф Уоместер
Актеры:
Мэтт Бомер, Стана Катик, Крис Диамантополос, Мэттью Мерсер, Элисия Ротару, Лиам Макинтайр, Омид Абтахи, Джеффри Аренд, Эшли ЛаТроп, Дэрин Де Пол
Роли озвучивали:
Антон Алёхин, Анастасия Скачкова, Ахилл Намазов, Денис Кузьмичёв, Рустам Шайхиев, Рина Чернышова, Дмитрий Савкин, Данила Глухов и Семён Евсиков
Кинопоиск:
6.6
IMDB:
6.6
Качество:
WEB-DL 1080
Описание фильма Общество справедливости: Вторая мировая война / Justice Society: World War II
По сюжету, Барри Аллен ещё до формирования Лиги справедливости изучает пределы своих способностей, в результате попав в прошлое. Там он лицом к лицу встречается с представителями «старой школы» героев, которые сражаются с врагами на полях битв. С помощью Флэша они начинают противостоять наступающим силам, параллельно пытаясь понять, как можно отправить самого героя в его время.
Justice Society: World War II is a 2021 animated movie set in the Tomorrowverse, and follows The Flash traveling to the time of World War II where he meets the titular team.
Synopsis for «Justice Society: World War II (Movie)»
During World War II, with Nazi Germany invading most of Europe and Adolf Hitler seeking magical artifacts, President Franklin D. Roosevelt is asked by Colonel Steve Trevor to get the United States involved by creating a team of superhumans. Consisting of Trevor, Black Canary, Hawkman, Hourman, Jay Garrick / Flash, and led by Wonder Woman, the Justice Society of America is formed.
In the present, Barry Allen and Iris West picnic in Metropolis, hoping to get away from «work». However, their plans are disrupted by Superman fighting Brainiac. Allen comes to Superman’s aid as the Flash. When Brainiac fires a Kryptonite bullet, Flash tries to catch it, but he runs fast enough to channel the Speed Force for the first time. Guided by Doctor Fate’s voice, Allen arrives in what he believes is the past during a battle between the JSA and the Nazis. Despite initial confusion over his allegiance, the JSA realizes Allen is an ally after he defeats the Nazis and saves Trevor and that he is seemingly from the future. As the team mobilizes to stop a second wave of Nazis, Allen takes Trevor back to the JSA’s base, where he learns about the team, whom he never heard of before.
After meeting «Shakespeare», the JSA’s war correspondent, and Trevor attempts to propose to Wonder Woman, the JSA meet for their next mission. Despite the risk of causing a time paradox, the heroes realize they need Allen’s help in saving a codebreaker from a Nazi fortress who can decode a message Trevor stole.
Arriving at the fortress, the heroes and «Shakespeare» break in, defeat the guards, and discover several prisoners in the dungeons. «Shakespeare» rescues a prisoner who says someone told him of his arrival, and implores him to prevent something from happening. A guard attacks «Shakespeare», only for the bullets to bounce off of him. When Wonder Woman, Allen, and Trevor arrive, «Shakespeare» identifies himself as Clark Kent. However, when he reveals a different background from the Kent he knows, Allen realizes that he is actually in a parallel reality. The rest of the team finds the codebreaker, whom Hawkman recognizes as Doctor Fate. Breaking the code with his powers, Fate directs the team to the Bermuda Triangle before disappearing.
Arriving at the Triangle by sub, the team is detected by Nazi warships. After depth charges disable the engines, the Flashes jump-start the sub while Wonder Woman heads out to destroy the enemy ships. The heroes are saved by Atlantean soldiers, who direct them to a nearby outpost. Met by the Advisor, the team meets Aquaman, who imprisons them. It is revealed that the code was a Nazi trap and Aquaman is being controlled by the Advisor, who is influencing the Atlanteans to work with the Nazis in the hopes of destroying them later so he can take over the planet. After the Flashes realize they are becoming weaker while they are together, they join forces to regain their strength and break out. The team splits up, with one heading for New York to stop the Nazis and Atlanteans while Allen and Wonder Woman try to stop Aquaman and the Advisor from releasing monsters from the Trench.
As Atlantean forces attack Manhattan, they are confronted by the JSA. The heroes gain the upper hand until the Trench monsters arrive, killing Hawkman and wounding Hourman. Garrick and Canary destroy the monsters while Wonder Woman and Allen arrive and fight Aquaman, during the long heated battle with the help of Trevor she was able to break Aquaman’s trident and frees him from the Advisor’s control. Realizing what he has done, Aquaman retreats in guilt, but the Advisor reappears and reveals that a follow-up strike by Nazi bombers is imminent before killing Trevor from behind using Aquaman’s broken weapon. Barry knocks out the Advisor while Kent returns to destroy the bombers.
Before returning to his Earth, Allen shares his goodbyes with the JSA. Wonder Woman gives him the ring Trevor gave her, warning him of holding off for tomorrow. Allen and Garrick use their combined speed to send the former back to the moment he intercepted the Kryptonite bullet. After destroying Brainiac with it, Allen suggests forming a team, to Superman to combat future threats before returning to Iris and proposing to her, which she accepts.
Appearing in «Justice Society: World War II (Movie)»
Featured Characters:
- The Flash (Barry Allen) (First appearance)
Supporting Characters:
- Doctor Fate (Earth-2) (First appearance)
- Justice Society of America (Earth-2) (First appearance)
- Black Canary (First appearance) (Flashback and main story)
- The Flash (Jay Garrick) (First appearance)
- Hawkman (First appearance) (Flashback and main story) (Dies)
- Hourman (First appearance) (Flashback and main story)
- Wonder Woman (First appearance)
- Steve Trevor (Earth-2) (First appearance; dies)
- Superman/Clark Kent/»Shakespeare» (Earth-2) (First appearance)
Antagonists:
- Brainiac (First appearance; dies)
- Advisor (Earth-2) (First appearance)
- Aquaman (Earth-2) (First appearance) (Mind-controlled)
- Atlanteans
- Kraken
- Aquaman (Earth-2) (First appearance) (Mind-controlled)
- Nazi Germany
- Adolf Hitler (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Kriegsmarine
- Luftwaffe
- SS
Other Characters:
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (Earth-2) (First appearance)
- Iris West (First appearance)
- Superman
- United States Air Force
- United States Army
- United States Navy
- Amazons (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Hippolyta (Earth-2) (Mentioned only) (Deceased)
- Chay-Ara (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Hermes (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Jonathan Kent (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Larry (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
- Martha Kent (Earth-2) (Mentioned only)
Locations:
- Multiverse
- Earth-1
- United States of America
- Metropolis
- Daily Planet
- Metropolis
- United States of America
- Earth-2
- Atlantean outpost
- Bermuda Triangle
- Egypt (Flashback only)
- France
- Poland (Mentioned only)
- Themyscira (Mentioned only)
- United States of America
- New York City
- Washington, D.C.
- White House
- Earth-1
Items:
- Amon Dagger (Flashback only)
- Ark of the Covenant (Flashback only)
- Bracelets of Submission
- Brainiac Drones
- Helmet of Fate
- Lasso of Truth
- Kryptonite Bullet
- Miraclo (Flashback only)
- Thanagarian Mace
- Trident of Poseidon (Destroyed)
Vehicles:
- Brainiac’s Hoverplatform
- Submarine
Concepts:
- Speed Force
Cast
- Stana Katic — Wonder Woman
- Matt Bomer — Flash
- Omid Abtahi — Hawkman
- Geoffrey Arend — Advisor
- Darren Criss — Superman/Clark Kent
- Darin De Paul — Brainiac
- Chris Diamantopoulos — Steve Trevor
- Keith Ferguson — Doctor Fate
- Ashleigh LaThrop — Iris West
- Matthew Mercer — Hourman
- Liam McIntyre — Aquaman
- Elysia Rotaru — Black Canary
- Armen Taylor — Jay Garrick
See Also
- Characters from Justice Society: World War II (Movie)
- Other things related to Justice Society: World War II (Movie)
- Movie Gallery: Justice Society: World War II (Movie)
The Flash speeds into the middle of an epic battle between Golden Age DC Super Heroes and Nazis in Justice Society: World War II, the next entry in the popular series of the DC Universe Movies.
Justice Society: World War II finds modern-day Barry Allen—prior to the formation of the Justice League—discovering he can run even faster than he imagined, and that milestone results in his first encounter with the Speed Force. The Flash is promptly launched into the midst of a raging battle—primarily between Nazis and a team of Golden Age DC Super Heroes known as the Justice Society of America. Led by Wonder Woman, the group includes Hourman, Black Canary, Hawkman, Steve Trevor and the Golden Age Flash, Jay Garrick. The Flash quickly volunteers to assist his fellow heroes in tipping the scales of war in their favor, while the team tries to figure out how to send him home. But it won’t be easy as complications and emotions run deep in this time-skipping World War II thriller.
MOVIE INFO
Cast:
Stana Katic
Matt Bomer
Geoffrey Arend
Armen Taylor
Elysia Rotaru
Liam McIntyre
Omid Abtahi
Matthew Mercer
Keith Ferguson
Darin De Paul
Ashleigh LaThrop
Chris Diamantopoulos
Writer(s):
Meghan Fitzmartin
Jeremy Adams
Producer(s):
Jim Krieg
Kimberly S. Moreau
Butch Lukic
Sam Register
GALLERY
«This is crazy, I’ve never seen this many heroes working together!»
«Oh, kid, you ain’t seen nothing yet.»
� The Flash (Barry Allen) and Steve Trevor.
Justice Society: World War II is an animated movie produced as part of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and is the second film in the Tomorrowverse. Barry Allen time travels to the 1940s and teams up with the first-ever superhero team, the Justice Society of America, against the forces of Nazi Germany.
The voice cast includes Matt Bomer as Barry Allen, Stana Katic as Wonder Woman, Matthew Mercer as Hourman, Omid Abtahi as Hawkman, Armen Taylor as Jay Garrick, Elysia Rotaru as Black Canary, Liam McIntyre as Aquaman, Keith Ferguson as Doctor Fate, Chris Diamantopoulos as Steve Trevor, and Darin De Paul as Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It came out digitally on April 27, 2021, and physically on May 11, 2021.
Trailer here.
Tropes in this movie include:
- Adaptational Personality Change: The WWII Earth’s Clark is reluctant to use his abilities, thinking they do more harm than good.
- Adapted Out: The JSA’s lineup is specific to this film and does not reflect the comic book version of the time. The Spectre, the Atom, Johnny Thunder, Green Lantern Alan Scott, and the Sandman are all absent, despite being JSA founding members in the comics. Starman and Doctor Mid-Nite are also absent, despite being members during the period (1942-1943) when the team was fighting the Axis Powers regularly in All-Star Comics. Wonder Woman was a member at the time, but was the secretary until late 1947, rarely taking any active part in missions. Black Canary did not join until June 1948, replacing Johnny Thunder after guest starring in several issues.
- Affectionate Nickname: Hawkman calls Black Canary «little bird», since they’re both bird-themed superheroes and she’s the youngest of the team.
- Age Lift: In the comics, Jay Garrick was a young man in the 1940s. This movie has Jay saying things like «when I was younger, I could do that,» or «back in my day», implying that his superhero career started earlier than some of his teammates’.
- All Love Is Unrequited: According to the director, Black Canary has feelings for Hawkman that aren’t fully returned.
- Alternate History: In the opening scene, it is mentioned that Germany has conquered most of Europe…and most of Russia. The film reel being shown to President Roosevelt also shows Tiger I heavy tanks, which weren’t produced until 1942, after the U.S. had joined the war.
- Alternate Universe: Barry initially assumes he traveled back in time, but realizes that the timeline is completely different from his own upon meeting the contemporary version of Superman.
- Applied Phlebotinum: Barry is sent back in time while running faster than he’s ever gone in an attempt to grab a kryptonite bullet. Doctor Fate is implied to have been at least partially responsible.
- Arbitrary Skepticism: Nobody, not even Wonder Woman, seems to actually believe Hawkman’s claim that he’s a reincarnated ancient Egyptian.
- As Long as It Sounds Foreign: The S.S. men threatening the French townspeople speak gibberish that sounds vaguely German.
- Awful Wedded Life: At one point Hawkman asks Black Canary about her relationship with Larry Lance, and all she says is that she doesn’t think he’s the one. However she is specifically called Dinah Lance by Steve Trevor instead of by her maiden name Drake, meaning that she and Larry are already married instead of just dating.
- The Baby of the Bunch: Dinah is the youngest of the team, best shown by her inexperience and cynical, impulsive attitude as well as her dynamic with the very old and experienced Hawkman.
- Bait-and-Switch: It is revealed in the opening exposition that the Nazis have conquered most of Europe, including Russia, in addition to the Nazis having an interest in magical artifacts. We also later see that they have access to advanced technology that shouldn’t have been possible for humanity at the time. Given the frequency of the trope in most Flash stories, it initially seems that Flash traveling back in time has changed the timeline and that he needs to Set Right What Once Went Wrong…and then it turns out it’s actually an Alternate Universe, which we find out when Flash meets their version of Superman. Meanwhile, the advanced technology actually came from Atlantis, and the Advisor’s interest in magical artifacts is what led him there.
- Big Bad: The Advisor, who has been providing the Nazis with magical artifacts that have thus far helped them to conquer the entirety of Europe. He’s also the one responsible for getting Atlantis to side with the Nazis, and for the latter acquiring the technology needed to mass produce jet aircraft en masse.
- Big Damn Heroes: After the Atlanteans retreat from New York, a weakened Justice Society is left alone to face a fleet of Nazi bombers, but then Superman arrives and destroys them all before they even reach the city.
- Book Ends: Barry and Iris’ picnic, and Flash helping Superman fight Brainiac.
- Brainwashed and Crazy: The Advisor has the power to manipulate the minds of others, turning them to his cause. Though not fully explained, he appears to be limited to one person at a time, needs physical contact to use it, and the effect wears off if he doesn’t refresh it on a regular basis (a decent knock on the head also does the trick, but it has to be fairly powerful against Flying Brick metahumans). The Advisor controls Aquaman for most of the movie, but does it to Diana in a pinch when she corners him.
- Bullet Catch: In the present day, Superman is preoccupied with holding a car that it leaves him vulnerable to Brainiac’s kryptonite gun. Flash tries to run up to it and catch it before it can hit Superman, forcing him to go faster than he’s ever gone before, resulting in him accidentally traveling back in time. Fortunately, he’s able to go back and pull a Catch and Return at the end of the movie.
- Canon Character All Along:
- Shakespeare, the Justice Society�s war correspondent, is their Earth’s counterpart of Clark Kent who later becomes Superman.
- Aquaman�s Advisor turns out to be the Psycho-Pirate.
- Catch and Return: When he travels back to the present, Flash gets close enough to Brainiac’s kryptonite bullet that he is then able to catch and throw right through Brainiac’s head.
- Composite Character:
- Black Canary wears her original Golden Age costume but uses her Canary Cry and her civilian identity is Dinah Lance. In the comics, there are two Black Canaries, the mother Dinah Drake (who marries Detective Larry Lance), and her daughter Dinah Laurel Lance. Dinah Drake, deceased by the time of the present, was a non-powered hero and a 1940s JSA member. Meanwhile, her daughter Dinah Lance was the metahuman Black Canary. However, since the New 52, Dinah Drake now has the Canary Cry as well.
- The Advisor, as he is actually the Psycho-Pirate. However this version has the original’s name of Charles Halstead but possesses the second version�s (Roger Hayden) powers without the aid of his signature Medusa Mask, which usually serves as the source of his power.
- Conservation of Ninjutsu: Played literally. When Barry Allen arrives, both he and Jay Garrick find their powers effectively halved because they’re both drawing from the Speed Force at the same time. They eventually figure out how to overcome this so they can operate at full power simultaneously.
- Cynicism Catalyst: Losing his adopted parents and bouncing around foster homes has made the WWII-era Clark cynical about helping others. He snaps out of it in the climax.
- Death by Adaptation:
- The Kents in the WWII Earth died in an accident when Clark was only 3.
- It’s implied that the island Themyscira has been destroyed.
- Both Hawkman and Steve die in the film, though in the former’s case since he reincarnates he is not truly dead.
- Determinator: Steve suddenly proposes to Diana, only for her to lightly reject it. The other members of the Society explain to Flash that it’s actually an ongoing joke for Steve to constantly propose to Diana only to be rejected, and Steve explains he does it because Diana promised him she would eventually accept his proposal.
- Deliberate Values Dissonance:
- On learning that Steve asks Diana to marry him every day, Flash calls him a stalker. That kind of persistence may have been considered romantic in the ’40s, but not so much in the present day. In fairness to Steve however, he is in some sort of relationship with Diana who had once told him that she would one day say yes while always declining in a playful manner, which is very different from him asking someone who has no interest in him.
- Related to this is the fact that Steve is at first confused by the word stalker due to it not being a common phrase in 40s, though he is able to figure out its meaning.
- Eagleland: Most of the cast being Americans or allied with Americans during the 1940s, this comes off as no surprise.
- When the Atlanteans demand for Hourman’s surrender, he quips that surrendering isn’t what Americans do.
- Flash also tells Superman that they could work together for «truth, justice, and the American way», though he probably means this tongue-in-cheek due to his adventures in World War II.
- Fantastic Racism: Aquaman initially appears reluctant to participate in the war, believing that the surface-dwellers’ matters are not his concern. However, by this point, he’s been brainwashed by Advisor, so this may not necessarily be true, and he also expresses horror and remorse over sending his kingdom’s forces to attack the surface once he’s freed of his mind control.
- Feed It a Bomb: Jay Garrick defeats a monster crab with an impenetrable shell by chucking a handful of Atlantean grenades down its throat. After several explosions, the crab vomits up its liquefied organs and drops dead.
- Fish out of Temporal Water: Barry Allen is this trope, suddenly finding himself in a dilapidated European town in the middle of a battle between the JSA and the S.S. The JSA don’t recognize him and he tells them he’s from the future.
- Foreshadowing: The opening shows that the Nazis have conquered most of Europe as well as most of Russia which acts as a clue that this is an alternate Earth.
- Forgot About His Powers: In the comics, Diana’s Lasso of Truth has the power to free people from mind control and even from self-delusions. In the Pre-Crisis era the movie is primarily based on, it was even more powerful than that; it could be used to compel people to do anything. And yet she never thinks to use it on Aquaman during their confrontations.
- Ghostapo: Hitler is said to be searching for ancient magical artifacts.
- Greater-Scope Villain: Adolf Hitler, in keeping with the World War II setting.
- Historical Domain Character: In the opening scene, Steve Trevor pitches the concept of the JSA to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the United States.
- I Am X, Son of Y: Though Diana is as surprised as everyone else to learn about the existence of the Atlanteans, the Amazons were known to Aquaman when he addresses her as «daughter of Hippolyta» after she introduces herself as «Princess of Themyscira».
- I Fight for the Strongest Side!: The Advisor�s reason for siding with the Nazis.
- I Just Want to Be Badass: Hourman has doubts about his usefulness to the team since he can’t power up without his serum and can only use it for one hour once a day.
- I Will Find You: Hawkman talks about how he’s reincarnated through many lives and deaths since the time of ancient Egypt and he awaits the day that he’ll reunite with his lover Chay-Ara, who also reincarnates but was separated from him.
- Impaled with Extreme Prejudice: Poor Steve gets the business end of Aquaman’s broken trident stabbed through his chest by the Advisor.
- In the Back: Both Steve and Hawkman are fatally stabbed from behind.
- Ink-Suit Actor: Some of the characters like Wonder Woman and Aquaman resemble their voice actors.
- Kaiju: The Trench monsters Aquaman sicced on New York are all very massive in size, with the «smallest» of the bunch being a Giant Enemy Crab the size of a bus.
- Karma Houdini: The Advisor is left behind when Aquaman is freed from being controlled and departs with his forces. After killing Steve, the Advisor escapes and remains at large when Barry returns home.
- Like Brother and Sister: This is seemingly the relationship between Black Canary and Hawkman, though while watching the films those involved in making it realised how their interactions came across as tragic with some liking it more because of that. Regardless, nothing truly romantic actually happens between the characters in the film.
- Logical Weakness: Brainiac’s drones restrain Superman with their electrified tentacles. When Flash tries to free him, he gets shocked from touching them, so he resorts to chucking a rock at one of the drones to destroy it, allowing Superman to break free.
- Lured Into a Trap: Advisor sent the coded message to lead the Justice Society to the Atlantean outpost, where he could neutralize them while allowing the Nazis to invade the United States.
- The Masquerade Will Kill Your Dating Life: Downplayed. By the time of the story, Iris already knows that Barry is the Flash, and though she would like him to slow down to enjoy life with her outside of being a superhero, she understands that his work is more important and is patient enough to wait for him.
- Mirror Character: Both Barry and Diana are too absorbed in their work to focus on their lives outside of being heroes, to the chagrin of their significant others. Steve constantly proposing to Diana and dying before she can ever accept, thus leaving Diana alone after the war is contrasted at the end with Barry successfully proposing to Iris.
- My God, What Have I Done?: After Diana breaks him out of his mind control, Arthur is horrified to see Atlantean military forces laying siege to Manhattan and immediately recalls them and the sea monsters.
- Mythology Gag:
- Iris is Race Lifted to African-American, like her The Flash (2014) counterpart.
- Superman has difficulty lifting up a car during the confrontation against Brainiac due to the Kryptonite, inverting the debut cover image from Action Comics #1.
- Wonder Woman speaks with an accent, taking inspiration from her DC Extended Universe counterpart.
- Upon traveling back to the past, Flash doesn’t know who Wonder Woman is, pointing to her not being prominent in the present day. In the DCEU, Wonder Woman went into hiding after helping end World War I and became an obscure talltale, and outside of emergencies like the Dream Stone, she stayed out of the public eye until Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
- The fight scene of Wonder Woman against a Nazi battalion in the French town is reminiscent of the scene in Wonder Woman (2017) when Wonder Woman first appears on the battlefield to fight the Germans and retake the nearby French town from their control.
- Aquaman’s style of combat with his trident, and using a Kraken-esque leviathan as his ultimate weapon, are clearly inspired from his live-action film.
- Like at the end of the Wonder Woman film, Steve is killed in the final battle, leaving Diana to live out her post-war life without him.
- To Flashpoint. Through Speed Force shenanigans, Barry finds himself in a world where war has engulfed most of Europe and threatens the rest of the world, with Wonder Woman leading one side and Aquaman «leading» the other — this even leads to a fight scene between Diana and Arthur in the climax. They even threaten each other’s love interests (Diana beheading Mera in Flashpoint, Arthur almost killing Steve here). Thankfully, compared to the Flashpoint universe, things at least end up resolving more peacefully here and a lot less depressing.
- To the ending of the first episode of the Justice League cartoon. Both end with the formation of the Justice League, particularly with Superman and Flash exchanging similar remarks but with their roles reversed here — in Justice League, after Superman proposes they form a team, Flash jokingly asks if they’re like a bunch of «Super Friends», with Superman responding that they’re more like a «Justice League», while here, Superman asks if they’re some sort of super team now and Flash replies affirmingly.
- The Nazis use flying wing bombers to invade America, just like in the Justice League episode The Savage Time. DC Special Vol 1 29 from 1977 and the pilot episode of the Lynda Carter Wonder Woman show also feature a long-range bomber from Nazi Germany attacking American cities. Superman is the one who stops them in this film, just like he did in the 1977 comic.
- The plot twist that the Justice Society’s «era» is actually a different universe from Barry’s universe is what the pre-Crisis comics did to explain the differences between the Golden Age and Silver Age incarnations (the Justice Society being Golden Age-era) but how they could also co-exist, with the Golden Age being explained to take place on Earth-Two while the Silver Age takes place on the main Earth-One. This was first established in the story «Flash of Two Worlds», where Barry accidentally runs fast enough that he gets transported to Earth-Two and meets Jay. In the film’s setting, Jay and Hourman know of the (still theorical) existence of the multiverse, but refer to their world as the Earth-One.
- The music playing when Wonder Woman is first in the French town is clearly based on her theme from the DCEU, and when the team arrives at the Atlantean output to meet Arthur, the music incorporates music from his DCEU film.
- The WWII Earth’s Clark Kent was raised in an orphanage after the deaths of his adoptive parents. This combines the earliest versions of Superman’s origin story where he was raised in an orphanage after being found by a passing motorist, with the New 52 origins where Clark lost his adopted parents, the Kents, at a young age.
- WWII Earth’s Superman has limited powers, seemingly without his heat vision or freeze breath. He describes himself as not ‘invincible’ but simply has ‘tough skin’, and he’s unable to fly, instead able to leap great distances in a single bound, which are in line with the earliest Golden Age version of the character. Even the chest symbol on his suit vaguely resembles the one from the Golden Age.
- Neck Lift: When he first arrives in the past, Diana holds Barry up by the neck after he suddenly materializes on the battlefield, not knowing if he’s an ally or an enemy.
- New Powers as the Plot Demands: Wonder Woman is fully able to breathe and fight underwater without any apparatus like an Atlantean.
- Noodle Incident: How Kamandi ended up in the 1940s after the events of his DC Showcase short.
- Off-Model: After clinging to Hawkman when he dies, when Canary gets back on her feet and goes to continue the battle, his body is not in the scene anywhere.
- One-Steve Limit: There are two Flashes running around in World War II, which is shortly resolved when the Society decide to call the second one Future Boy.
- Piggybacking on Hitler: The Advisor is working with the Nazis in order to Take Over the World.
- Please, Don’t Leave Me: As Carter lays dying, Dinah begs Carter not to go.
- The Power of Hate: Dinah’s Canary Cry is shown to be concussive but generally not deadly. In the climax, after Hawkman is killed, her rage and grief amplify her power to the point that she strips the flesh off a giant monster. Afterward she immediately collapses from the effort.
- Pre Ass Kicking One Liner: From Black Canary: «You call that a scream?»
- Pun: Aquaman tells the Justice Society that he may have something that can «turn the tide» of the war to their favor, a pun that doesn’t go unnoticed by Black Canary.
- Puppet King: Aquaman is under the Advisor’s thrall.
- Reincarnation Romance: Hawkman talks about how he’s lived many lives due to reincarnation, but what he seeks out the most is «finding his other half» while staring at a statuette of an ancient Egyptian woman with a hawk perched on her arm…
- Sequel Hook: Both the Advisor and Dr Fate vanish mysteriously, with Barry even noting how odd it was that the former disappeared without a trace despite having knocked him unconscious.
- Shared Universe: With Superman: Man of Tomorrow, due to the shared artstyle and the inclusion of Superman voiced by Darren Criss.
- Shout-Out:
- One of the mystical artifacts the Nazis are searching for is the Ark of the Covenant.
- Barry taking out the Nazis in super-speed but shown from his perspective when he first arrives in World War II is a blatant reference to Quicksilver’s scenes in X-Men: Days of Future Past and X-Men: Apocalypse.
- A brainwashed Aquaman saying «Heil Hitler!» after betraying the Justice Society brings to mind the infamous scene from Captain America: Steve Rogers where Captain America mutters «Hail Hydra.» after killing someone, revealing that he had been been in cahoots with HYDRA the whole time thanks to a later-reversed Cosmic Retcon.
- The Starscream: The Advisor to the Nazis, he brainwashes Aquaman, having him use the Atlantean army win the War for the Nazis. The Advisor fully intends to betray and overthrow the Nazis afterwards.
- Stealth Pun: Barry bullet catches a kryptonite bullet being shot in the same direction that he’s running towards and then runs with the bullet. In other words, the whole movie happens because of going faster than a speeding bullet.
- Stripped to the Bone: One of the Trench creatures ends up being killed by Black Canary this way, courtesy of a very high-pitched scream.
- Stupid Jetpack Hitler: The Nazis deploy advanced flying wing jet bombers late into the film during their attempted invasion of the United States. Unfortunately for them, their advanced tech is no match for a newly-arrived Superman.
- Super Team: Barry is in awe of the Justice Society, having never seen so many heroes working together before. At the end, he proposes to Superman that they work together to create a team of their own in the present.
- Superior Successor: Zig-zagged. Barry is shown to have better control over his abilities than Jay Garrick, teaching his predecessor a few tricks, but Jay has a better understanding of the source of their powers. Jay also knows how to phase through solid matter, which Barry never figured out.
- The Team Normal: Steve is the supervising officer of the Justice Society, and though lacking any powers of his own, it makes him no less useful to the team since he is a soldier.
- Tearful Smile: Diana gives this to Steve on his last proposal to her.
- Together in Death: Hawkman’s final words are telling Chay-Ara that he’ll see her soon…in their next lives, of course.
- Two Girls to a Team: Wonder Woman and Black Canary are the only two women in the Justice Society.
- What Happened to the Mouse?: While Steve’s body is shown being transported away, it not shown or mentioned whether Hawkman’s has also been recovered.
- What the Hell, Hero?: Once the Society learn what Shakespear is capable of, Wonder Woman questions why he isn’t using such abilities to help in the war.
- Worf Had the Flu: Once Barry shows up, his and Jay’s powers are weaker due to the both of them siphoning off of the Speed Force.
- Worth Living For: Carter’s final words to Dinah are telling her that she has to keep living and that she’ll find a purpose and even love someday, referring back to their earlier conversation.
- Wrecked Weapon: Wonder Woman uses her gauntlets to snap Aquaman’s trident in half. The resulting energy burst frees him from the Advisor’s control.
- Year Inside, Hour Outside: Barry spends about a week in the past, but he returns to the present right when he first left.
There have been over 36 films created in the DC animated universe (DCAU). These have focused on present heroes and teams like Superman, Batman, the Justice League, and the Teen Titans. However, that will all change on April, 2021 when Justice Society: World War II releases.
The film will focus on Barry Allen in his early days as the Flash. Realizing he can journey through time, the Scarlet Speedster ends up in World War II Europe, face-to-face with the founding members of the Justice Society of America. For those unfamiliar with the Justice Society, some reading is required before watching World War II.
10 All-Star Comics #3 (1941)
Written by Jerry Siegel & Gardner Fox with art from Sheldon Moldoff and others, All-Star #3 was the first appearance of the Justice Society of America. It would remain their home through World War II. Initially, the team was an all-boys club that featured heavy-hitters like the original Flash, Green Lantern, Hourman, and Dr. Fate. Eventually, Black Canary and Wonder Woman would join.
The first story doesn’t actually read as a team book. While the meeting of the Justice Society is featured as bookends, the rest of the quarterly is filled with individual stories of the main characters. The first full adventure of the JSA takes place in the next issue.
9 All-Star Squadron (1981)
Created by writer Roy Thomas, All-Star Squadron added a retroactive layer of power to the Justice Society. It came at an infamous time in history. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, FDR tries to contact the JSA to help battle the Axis powers. However, its core members are nowhere to be found.
It’s up to Dr. Mid-Nite, the original Atom, and Hawkman to come up with a new team to help out. Initially, they end up recruiting heroes Robotman, Johnny Quick, Liberty Belle, and Plastic Man as an All-Star Squadron that reports directly to the president. As the series continued, more heroes would join. The group would eventually be folded into the JSA proper.
8 All-Star Comics #37 (1946)
The post-WWII era was an interesting time for the JSA. No longer in a constant battle against Axis forces, the team needed a new domestic threat to face. Thanks to writer Bob Kanigher and artists Irwin Hasen, Carmine Infantino, Joe Kubert & Alex Toth, the Justice Society was put up against a super-villain group known as the Injustice Society of the World.
They featured most of the baddies the JSA had fought in the past. This included Per Degaton, the Wizard, and Brain Wave. In typical team-up fashion, members of the Injustice Society split up to handle individual heroes. All-Star #37 is a fine example of the Justice Society at work.
7 The Golden Age (1993)
Initially an Elseworlds story, some of the events of The Golden Age eventually became canon within Justice Society history. The story, written by James Robinson and illustrated by Paul Smith, takes place in a post-war world where the JSA no longer exists. Instead, many of them have left their roles as Mystery Men and Women to take on other tasks.
This leaves space open for Tex Thompson, the Americommando, to take center stage. As time moves forward in the story, readers learn there’s more to Tex, now an up-and-coming politician, and the hero he mentors, Dynaman. They also learn the fates of JSA members. Needless to say, not all of them are golden in this age.
6 Adventure Comics #466 (1979)
A new fear enveloped the U.S. after World War II as the threat of communism replaced fascism. It got so bad that, in the world of the Justice Society, the federal government asked the heroes to unmask and prove their loyalty to the U.S. This is retold in Adventure Comics #466.
Written by Paul Levitz and drawn by Joe Staton, the story revolves around the last case of the JSA before they’re subpoenaed to appear in front of the Combined Congressional Un-American Activities Committee. There, the team members are berated by the government officials and asked to demask to clear their names. Hawkman, the current chairperson, refuses, and the JSA vanishes from the room and the world.
5 Flash #123 (1961)
One member of the Justice Society makes their appearance in Flash #123 by writer Gardner Fox and illustrator Carmine Infantino. In the iconic tale «Flash of Two Worlds,» Barry Allen ends up in a world known as Earth-2. It’s here that he meets Jay Garrick, the original Flash. Only known to him from comic books, Barry is stunned that a parallel world exists.
Regardless of his shock, the Silver Age Flash defeat three members of the Golden Age Flash’s rogues gallery – The Thinker, The Fiddler, and The Shade. From there, a bond is created that lasts through generations.
4 Justice League Of America #21 (1963)
Not long after the Flash team-up, Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky decided to bring the entire Justice Society back in Justice League of America #21. By doing so, they launched a regular get together between the Earth-1 and Earth-2 heroes. These memorable pairings lasted until Crisis on Infinite Earths erased the Multiverse.
In this two-part story, the initial meetup of these two teams is interrupted by the appearance of the Crime Champions, a group comprised of arch-enemies of both groups. It takes the combined efforts of both superhero organizations to defeat the sextet of villains through inter-group pairings.
3 All-Star Comics #58 (1976)
More than a quarter-century after All-Star Comics and the JSA disappeared from the shelves, the series and the team returned in 1976. Instead of featuring the original team in older stories, it focused on the modern-day lineup. In their initial return, written by Gerry Conway and drawn by Ric Estrada, three new members were inducted in the form of the Super Squad.
This trio was comprised of Superman’s cousin, Power Girl, and an adult Robin. Also part of the team was the Star-Spangled Kid, a former member of the Seven Soldiers of Victory who was lost in time after World War II. JSA stories continued in All-Star for two more years.
2 JSA (1999)
In Crisis on Infinite Earths, the JSA was removed from Earth-2. When all was said and done, they were part of the new history of Earth-Prime. However, instead of continuing their adventures in this new world, DC decided to put them out to pasture for a bit by having them fight an unending battle with Norse gods. They returned in the early 1990s where DC dealt them another blow in the Zero Hour series when they were considerably aged.
Luckily, the effects of that event didn’t hamper the team. They reformed in 1999 with a line-up that included original members and those like Stargirl – who now owned the Star-Spangled Kid’s power belt – Starman’s son, and Sandy – the former sidekick of Sandman. The JSA comic lasted for seven years and introduced readers to the writing talent of Geoff Johns.
1 Justice Society of America (2007)
Infinite Crisis changed things up for the DC universe. For one thing, it reintroduced the concept of the Multiverse. For another, it helped introduce a new Justice Society of America series by Johns and Dale Eaglesham. For the first 26 issues, original covers were drawn by Alex Ross. Where JSA slowly introduced next-generation heroes of original members, Justice Society of America focused on a team where the older members trained the newer ones.
Though Wildcat, Green Lantern, and the original Flash were at its core, most of the group was comprised of the children, grandchildren, and inheritors of Golden Age characters. This included a new Wildcat that was the son of Ted Grant, Cyclone, granddaughter of the original Red Tornado, and Jesse Quick/Liberty Belle.
NEXT: The Best JLA/JSA Crossovers, Ranked
Flash discovers that he can run even faster than he imagined, and that milestone results in his first encounter with the Speed Force. Flash is promptly launched into the midst of a raging battle during World War II between Nazis and a team of superheroes called the Justice Society of America. Led by Wonder Woman, the group includes Hourman, Black Canary, Hawkman, Steve Trevor and the original Flash Jay Garrick. The Flash quickly volunteers to assist his fellow heroes in tipping the scales of war in their favor, while the team tries to figure out how to send him home. But it won’t be easy as complications and emotions run deep.
* * *
[Steve] Mr. President.
[reels whirring]
We have to act now.
They marched on Poland, and we did nothing.
And they kept marching.
They’ve taken control of most of Europe. And Russia.
It’s…
[Roosevelt] An invasion.
[Steve] That’s not all, Mr. President.
He’s been searching for ancient artifacts since 1933.
[Roosevelt] You mean magical artifacts.
Merciful heaven.
What a maniac.
Unless, of course… he’s right.
I take it that’s where your big idea comes in?
[Steve] Let me introduce you to the team.
Rex Tyler, known as Hourman.
He’s one of the best scientists America has to offer.
Now, he’s developed a chemical called Miraclo to enhance speed, strength, everything.
An hour at a time.
Then there’s Dinah Lance.
A bit of a fire brand with sonic sound abilities…
[shrieking]
…that have gotten her shunned by her community.
Next, since attaining his powers of speed, Jay Garrick has been a full-time crime fighter.
And he’s willing to serve his country.
Finally, Carter Hall, an ancient Egyptian in a modern Egyptian’s body.
Oh, and he’s got wings.
[Roosevelt] Ancient Egyptian? You can’t be serious.
[Steve] Claims this is his [clears throat] fourth reincarnation.
[Roosevelt] He’s one of ours?
[Steve] Yes, Sir.
[Roosevelt] I see. Lights.
[clicks button]
And you think they’re enough to fight back the Nazis and magical artifacts?
I know they are.
But, who will lead this motley crew?
I think I’ve got someone in mind.
What do you say, Mr. President?
Are you ready to end this war?
[dramatic music playing]
[birds chirping]
[Barry] I can’t remember if I locked the car.
Or the apartment.
Or turned off the coffee pot.
[Iris laughing]
Honestly Barry, I don’t know how you’ve survived this long.
Hey, this is our first trip to Metropolis, I want it to be perfect.
According to the trajectory of the sun, we should have the max amount of light if we set the blanket… here.
Think we’ll see Superman?
I thought you were taking a day off.
Right, right, you’re right.
[scoffs] I should have brought sunscreen.
Can I get your back?
[sternly] Barry…
Cold cuts, bread, mayo. Oh, I forgot the cheese.
No, Barry.
Do you think it might rain?
I can grab an umbrella, just in case.
Barry, just… focus.
Everything okay?
What are we doing?
We’re having a picnic.
You wanted to get out of town, away from… [whispers] my other job.
But, we’re never fully away from your other job.
[somber music playing]
That’s not fair.
It’s who you are, and I love that about you.
But, Barry, it’s been… years.
What do you want from me?
Is this just a fling? Because I…
No, no, Iris…
It’s okay if it is, but I’m not interested in…
I love you.
It’s just… the best way to keep you safe is by making sure no one finds out.
If you really believe that, then break up with me, Barry Allen.
Iris…
Life is dangerous.
It shouldn’t stop us from living it.
[distant explosion]
Go. You have work to do.
I… I’ll make it up to you.
Tomorrow. I promise.
[glass breaking]
[all screaming]
[sinister music playing]
Resistance… is… illogical.
[grunting]
I have you now, Superman.
[grunts]
Superman! What can I do?
[straining] Maybe help with the tentacles?
Right. Sure.
[grunts and groans]
Are you all right?
I will be after we take care of Brainiac.
What do you say? Interested in a team-up?
I thought you’d never ask.
Another meta.
Chance of success down to 95%. Recalibrating.
[beeps]
[machine whirring]
[grunts]
Accelerating projectile.
[buzzing]
[groans]
Superman!
Recalibration. Success at 99%.
[whirring and beeping]
Are you okay?
That gem… it’s Kryptonite.
It’s the only thing that can hurt me.
But, you’re like a God.
So, what’s the plan?
Don’t get hit. Avoid the beam.
Punch really hard.
Save the day.
I like it.
[Flash grunts]
[ominous music playing]
[Dr. Fate’s voice echoing] Keep running!
Follow my voice.
[ominous music playing]
[soldiers grunting]
[growls]
[groans]
[sinister music playing]
[glass breaks]
[gun cocking]
[soldiers grunting]
[screaming]
Any sign of him?
Not yet.
We should have gone with him.
We had our own mission.
We’re running out of time.
Rex’s hour is almost up.
If we don’t leave soon, civilians will die.
We wait.
Steve won’t let us down.
Go check on the left flank and report back.
[Flash grunts]
[straining] What kind of crazy gun was that?
It will take more than the speed of Hermes to stop an Amazon, fiend.
Who are you?
So, they’ve got one of their own.
[planes whirring]
Wait, what?
[guns firing]
Wonder Woman, what’s the plan?
Regroup with the others.
Tell Carter to take care of the planes.
We need to buy more time.
Did President Roosevelt send you?
President Roosevelt?
What? What’s happening?
Keep an eye on… whatever this is.
I got him, boss.
Am I dead?
Sometimes feels like it in France.
France?
[man shouting in German]
[woman pleading in French]
Someone’s in trouble.
Everyone’s in trouble right now.
You’re not going any… where.
[woman shouting in French]
[all pleading in French]
[speaking German]
[guns cocking]
Nazis?
[clangs]
[guns firing in slow motion]
[Nazi soldiers grunting]
[breathing heavily]
What… what is… [groaning]
I’ve never been out of breath before.
[straining] Not again!
Who’ve you got there, Wonder Woman?
Is he one of theirs?
It’s unlikely he’d be working for the Germans.
[straining] Right.
So, I think I know what’s going on here.
I can’t… breathe.
[gasping and breathing heavily]
I’m… I’m from the future.
Jay, report.
Uh, it’s not impossible.
I mean, with the Speed Force.
Sounds more like something a Nazi would say.
There are things that we don’t understand, forces…
I don’t want to hear about reincarnation, Carter.
Make him talk.
What about your lasso?
I’ll get him to talk. [cracks knuckles]
[sternly] We don’t have time to discuss this.
[explosion]
We’ve got a fight to finish and I have less than ten minutes left.
[planes whirring]
Take cover!
[glass breaking]
Wait!
[Hourman] It’s Steve!
[triumphant music playing]
Hawkman!
[ominous music playing]
Based on the trajectory, the velocity, Hawkman’s wingspan… he won’t make it.
[Steve] Come on! Come on!
[engine explodes]
[engine sputtering]
Let’s try for one piece, Trevor.
[Flash panting]
[grunts] Whoa! What’s going on with my speed?
[breathing heavy] You got this. Come on.
What now, Red?
A Flash classic.
[electricity crackling]
[Jay groans]
[sizzling]
It’s good to see you, too, Princess.
[Flash panting]
I see you picked up another playmate?
It seems I misjudged you.
Thank you.
[panting] Heh.
Retreat back to our extraction.
Wait.
They’re gonna tear this village apart.
Look, I saw another division headed this way.
They’re looking for me.
We can’t leave them.
Spread out.
Hourman, you and Jay with me on the ground.
Carter, you and Dinah take the sky.
And I can do… Nothing.
Look, if you really are from the future, we can’t complicate the timeline.
Oh, right. I’ve seen that movie.
Get Steve to the extraction point in one piece.
He’ll lead the way.
[Flash] This is crazy.
I’ve never seen this many heroes working together.
[Steve laughs] Kid, you ain’t seen nothin’ yet.
How come I’ve never heard about them? About this?
The JSA?
Justice Society of America.
Yeah I know. Corny.
We’re top secret.
Real high-level stuff.
Even have a war correspondent embedded with us to spin the stories.
Keep the super-powered team off the front page.
Why try and keep it a secret?
This is the coolest thing I’ve ever seen and I can run faster than sound. Usually.
Coolest? That’s nifty.
Look, they’re not infallible.
And if Hitler found any sort of weakness, it will be the end of the world as we know it.
[Black Canary shrieks]
[shrieks]
[screaming]
[all grunting]
[straining]
[speaking German]
[grunts]
We’ve used the giant bird excuse twice in the last month.
I don’t think we’ll get away with it a third time.
Let’s not push our luck.
Just refer to Carter’s attack as an experimental prototype.
Be sure to give the soldiers all the credit.
They protected the citizens.
Without them, we wouldn’t have been able to focus.
Makes my job easy.
And what do I write about this guy?
Nothing, as usual.
We don’t even know your name.
Oh. Uh… I’m Flash.
Well, we’ve already got one of those.
How about Future Boy?
That will work for now.
Future Boy, this is Shakespeare, our war correspondent.
Do I know you?
[Steve] Princess, I’ve waited long enough.
Is this happening?
This is happening.
[Steve] I can’t hold this in anymore.
Will you marry me?
Good attempt, Trevor.
He upped his game. [chuckles] Flowers.
If he doesn’t quit soon, I’ll lose my bet.
Wait… what was that about?
He proposes every day, and every day she says “no.”
Didn’t take you for a stalker.
Stalker? Is… You mean like a cad? A wolf?
No, no. It’s… it’s nothing like that. I…
If it really bothered her, I…
She promised one day she’d say yes.
When… when it was the right time, of course.
And that…
Well, that makes every other day just worth it.
Thank you, soldier.
Extraction’s here.
Of course, you know, if she ever does say yes, I might drop dead from shock.
[birds chirping]
[Wonder Woman] We said we would end this war.
It’s been two years.
That’s not our call, Diana.
Too many people have died already.
We can stop this.
[loud crash]
Oh my goodness. Please, take a seat.
You want to stop this? Future Boy could stop It.
That’s not a good idea, Dinah.
We can’t use the future to change the past.
It would create a paradox and this Flash won’t be able to return to his own time period.
Or this could be how it happens.
That much I knew. See, there’s this movie…
Paradox. Unable to go home.
Right. Shutting up.
[Wonder Woman] Dinah’s right.
We need to utilize every meta-human we can.
We can’t keep putting civilians in danger.
Well, I suppose those of us without power
are just chopped liver?
So, we’re just supposed to let people die?
Oh, we can handle ourselves, your Highness.
Don’t worry about us.
Oh, I get that the rest of the gang have powers…
War is a place for warriors.
Not a place for wishes.
Well, everybody’s gotta die some time, Princess.
I won’t.
Look, it’s gonna take everyone to get off the sidelines and onto the field to win this war.
And if I die, at least it’ll be for something I believe in.
Are they always like this?
Like a broken record, son.
[Steve] You’ve got a new mission.
We can’t decode the intel.
So, that fight was what? A gas?
What exactly was this intel supposed to be for?
The Germans are looking for a new artifact.
They’re saying it’s a game changer.
If we can’t read the code, then what’s the mission?
Now, I have a lead on some help.
A man with mystical abilities.
They pulled him out of their camps and stuck him in a securely guarded castle in Bavaria.
They say he can break any code.
Problem is… he’s insane.
Insane?
And what are we going to do about him?
What do our scientists think?
The best course of action…
After narrowing in on the potential outcomes…
Not to mention the quantum physics, which is really something that should be studied here…
To the point, gentlemen.
He should stick with us. For research.
Then, Future Boy… welcome to the team.
[crickets chirping]
[vehicle approaching]
[suspenseful music playing]
We should slip in without notice.
You’ve seen your wings, right?
This place is a fortress.
We won’t be able to take it by stealth.
Stick to the plan. You all know what to do.
Jay and Rex worked these out.
They’re for communication.
When you have a message, tap the earpiece in Morse code and the message will be received in our own ear pieces.
Oh, do I get one?
No. You’re with me, Future Boy.
Let’s move out.
[yelps]
[soldiers grunting]
[gun cocking]
[clangs]
Shouldn’t we have attempted to be more…
I don’t know, stealth?
Carter worries too much.
You’re very… upfront.
Like Steve said, we all die sooner or later.
[sighs] What? It is a joke.
No it isn’t. Not to Steve.
He thinks it’s as simple as asking a question.
He doesn’t realize what he asks.
[man screaming in distance]
That sounded… Bad.
[earpiece beeping]
It’s Steve.
He needs us to see something.
Now.
Can’t you just zip in, take out their guns and zip out?
I could, but…
But what?
Well… my powers haven’t been acting right since the other Flash arrived.
Of course. Why is it always us?
[Jay] Don’t belly ache. It’s not always us.
It’s just mostly us.
I should take a swig of the Miraclo.
You can’t.
It’s not been 24 hours yet.
I’m no use to you like this.
We’re running out of options.
[gun cocking]
If this goes haywire, blame the new guy.
[groans]
[gun firing]
[grunts]
[gun cocking]
[grunts]
Who says an old dog can’t learn new tricks.
[Black Canary sighs] This is not what I had in mind when I joined an elite fighting force.
But you’ve got so much experience digging through dirt.
You all right?
Regular good-time Charley.
You’ve been hard on Future Boy.
It’s just he… he doesn’t know anything about us.
We’re supposed to be a secret.
No, I know, but…
But what?
[sighs] What’s the point of all this if we aren’t even remembered?
We fight, we die.
Death probably isn’t scary when you have someone waiting for you.
And what about the nice detective back home?
Larry?
I don’t really think he’s the one. You know?
Listen, I know things seem dire, but one day this will all be over and we will all need to live again.
For me it’s finding that other half that I look forward to.
[man screaming]
[tense music playing]
That’s, uh…
That’s not what I think it’s for, is it?
[chains clanking]
Shakespeare is looking.
Diana…
I didn’t know.
Let’s go help.
Two corridors left. I’m checking now.
[door creaking]
[flies buzzing]
[door creaking]
[flies continue buzzing]
[coughs]
[door creaks]
It’s… you.
He said you would come.
And here you are.
This is yours.
I’m supposed to give this to you.
What are you talking about, kid?
Take it. Use it.
You have to make sure it never happens.
I’m sure that’s why I’m back here now.
He said you’d know what to do.
Who said?
[soldier] Halt!
[gun fires]
[grunts]
[creaking]
[Jay] How’s it going?
[thudding]
[water dripping]
[Dr. Fate] Should we tell?
Yes. Yes, they should know. They should know.
[speaking Latin]
No. It…
it can’t be.
[continues speaking Latin]
Do you know this guy?
[groans]
I know him from a previous life.
Is this…
He’s the code breaker?
He wasn’t like this before.
Well, make him snap out of it.
We’re not equipped to handle…
[Dr. Fate] Dead.
They’re all going to be dead. [shuddering]
They need to know. They should know.
Jay, do you have the code?
We need your help, my friend.
Can you translate this?
[gasping]
[groaning]
Well, that was anti-climactic.
[groans]
[Steve] Shakespeare, the bullet hit you dead on.
Steve, release these captives.
You keep calling me Shakespeare, but it’s…
[exhales] It’s Clark.
It’s Clark Kent.
Well, you… you’re Superman.
It’s me, Flash.
How did you get here?
Did you follow me through that time warp?
Is this a rescue? Why do you have a mustache?
Stuck? What are you talking about?
You… [sputters] You’re Superman.
You fight for truth, justice. You save people.
I don’t even know how to wrap my head around this.
You are invincible?
I’m a little tough-skinned, that’s all.
If you stand by and do nothing… you are as bad as the Nazis.
[chain clanking]
You’re wrong.
Then why are you here?
To get this story.
But you…
You’re one of the most selfless people I know.
I don’t know you.
In my time on this planet, I learned you look out for yourself.
This planet?
But in my time…
Something’s different.
What about your parents?
Martha and Jonathan Kent died in an accident when I was three-years-old.
I was sent to an orphanage.
I’m going to make sure the captives get out of the building.
Does that make me complicit?
Wait, this…
I’m not…
This isn’t…
Are you all right?
I’m not in the past.
This isn’t a different time.
What are you talking about?
This is… this is a different Earth.
I have to find Jay.
Was he always able to do this?
This… and so much more.
These are…
Coordinates.
For where?
It looks like…
The Bermuda Triangle.
No, he’s not ready yet.
Yes, he’s received the package, but he doesn’t know what it means.
It’s you.
I saw you when I traveled here.
Please, do you know a way for me to get back home?
Back to my universe?
Your universe?
But this would be Earth 1, the real Earth.
This is the multiverse theory.
You’re not making this up, right?
You may return, but you have another task ahead of you and a lesson you must learn.
Only then can you…
No, I won’t tell him about the League.
You will see her again soon.
And…
You should go.
It’s starting.
[Steve] Sounds like this guy’s gone cockeyed.
Maybe.
But Hitler worked hard to keep this place a secret.
Where’s Shakespeare?
[sighs] He’s on his own.
What are the coordinates for?
The Bermuda Triangle.
But it’s… it’s a legend.
So are we. Got anything for us, Future Boy?
We’re not in my world.
This isn’t my past. I don’t… I don’t know where to start.
Steve, can you get us a ship?
I’ll do you one better, Princess.
Just try it on. See if it fits.
You’re relentless.
That’s why you love me.
[door creaks]
Two. Maybe three.
Down bubble, five degrees.
Slow propeller by 50%.
[hinges creaking]
Contact?
Two, maybe three ships above us.
Do they know we’re here?
We’re about to find out.
[sonar pinging]
Ooh, is it hot in here, or is it just me?
Splashes.
Down bubble, full speed. Right rudder, 15 degrees.
Right rudder, 15 degrees.
[tense music playing]
[alarm blaring]
Report!
Leaks toward aft.
Engine room is flooding.
Where your tools, and how do you fix leaks?
[pants]
[hinges creaking]
Ooh! And Iris says I’m not handy.
[continues panting]
What’s happening?
The depth charges have knocked out our engines.
We have to surface.
If we surface, we’re dead.
Is there any way to restart the engines?
You have an extra 20 batteries lying around?
No. But I have the next best thing.
[explosion]
Give me a hand.
There she is. What now?
We build up enough electricity to jump start her.
[electrical buzzing]
Well, I’ll be…
What the hell are you doing?
Going out there.
Look this behind me and flood the tube.
Steve?
You are just so beautiful when you’re about to kick some Nazi tail.
You know, there is a captain on board.
Let me make an honest Amazon out of you.
See you when I get back.
[alarm beeping]
Someone’s flooded Tube 1.
Did you order a torpedo launch?
No
[thudding]
Then what is it?
One guess.
Sir, depth charges… They’re… going up.
[sonar pinging]
[explosion]
You okay?
Yes, we had… help.
What kind of help?
Some sort of… aqua men.
Greetings, surface dwellers.
On behalf of our king, we welcome you.
What is this place?
An outpost.
A place where the people of Atlantis can stay informed about the irrational behavior
of the monkeys above us.
Rude.
Come. Our king would like a word.
[beeping]
My King, here are the ones that repelled the boats.
Welcome.
I am Arthur, ruler of Atlantis and all of the oceans of this world.
What brings you to my kingdom?
Your Highness, I am Diana, Princess of Themyscira.
I know of your island.
I’m sorry for your loss.
Thank you, but what happened there could happen to the rest of the surface world without your help.
The boundaries of my kingdom far exceeds those on the surface and demand my undivided attention.
Tell me, why should I care about the affairs of those above?
Because these Nazis will not stop until the whole world is theirs.
Above and below.
Yes, the blood of air breathers does run hot.
I think you speak true, daughter of a Hippolyta.
I will help you.
Sire… [whispering indistinctly]
Come. There is something I have that might turn the tide in your favor.
Hm. The king of Atlantis made a pun.
Please, in here.
I see nothing.
Quite.
[powering up]
[grunts]
I’m afraid Atlantean magic is quite powerful.
There’s no use in trying to escape.
Maybe he would have if you had gotten here sooner.
But now…
Heil Hitler.
Once upon a time, a modern day pirate smuggling, traversing the ocean to make my fortune and then, a storm destroyed my ship and the Atlanteans saved me.
Little did they know that my particular talents would grant me control of their king.
[Hourman] So you’re human like us?
Then why side with the Nazis?
Don’t you know what they’re doing up there?
Of course, I do.
It always pays to be on the winning side.
And with the Allies superpower team off the table… [chuckles]
Honestly, I’m surprised you took the bait.
The codes.
You set us up.
Obviously. The war is all but over.
And you have lost.
Enjoy the solitude of this prison because when we return…
[grunting]
No. Wait. Why did I imprison those people?
They seemed upright…
True.
Because they are the enemy, Sire.
They want to rule your kingdom, pollute your water, enslave your children.
Enslave? No.
We must help these Germans win their war, and then, when both sides are weak, we’ll destroy them all.
Yes?
Yes.
It’s time to show those above what true power looks like.
[clanging]
Give it a rest, will you?
[panting]
We need a plan.
I think Red over there is working on it.
You okay?
What? Yeah, yeah.
I’m just… Ever since I’ve arrived, I’ve been less.
Maybe I’ve lost some energy from overextending myself by getting to this world, but…
The Speed Force.
What’s the Speed Force?
Well, it’s just a working theory,
but it’s a little like photosynthesis.
You know, the way plants convert sunlight into energy?
Imagine the Speed Force is the sun, and we draw energy from it, converting it into our speed abilities.
I’ve been having the same problem.
If both of us are drawing from the Speed Force at the same time…
We’ll be less powerful.
Although if we could somehow combine our energy…
We might regain full power.
How will that bypass magic?
Physics are universal, Diana.
When I was younger, I could vibrate between molecules phasing through solid objects.
Have you ever done that?
Seriously? You can do that?
What the heck have I been doing all these years?
All right. Hands on the floor.
Start vibrating. You’ll feel it when it’s close.
I’ll try to help.
[grunting]
Keep going!
[grunts]
Oh, [chuckles] I can’t believe that worked.
Seize him!
[grunting]
Where did your king go?
I will tell you nothing, mouth-breathing, finless…
[groans]
I yield.
You made it.
Thanks to Jay.
Stand back.
We have to get to the surface.
Warn the Allies of the Atlanteans involvement.
No, there’s no time.
It turns out the Atlanteans and Nazis are launching a surprise attack against the Eastern Seaboard of the US.
Then we stop them.
Yes, but that’s not all.
One of the guards said that King Aqua… Man
is headed down to the trench.
Someplace nearby.
He’s going to unlock some sort of cage.
So… what’s in the cage?
I have no idea, but it can’t be good.
Right. You’re coming with me to stop him from opening… whatever.
And the rest of us?
Take the submarine.
You have to beat them there.
Be careful.
I’m always careful.
We both know that’s not true.
[tense music playing]
[sonar pinging]
I think I found them. Dead ahead.
What does this do?
Oh!
Atlantean pressure suit. Cool.
[punches landing]
[men grunting]
[men grunting]
[chuckles] We were getting worried.
So were we.
Captain, I need you and the boys to get us to New York as soon as possible.
It would be my pleasure.
You heard the man. Let’s move.
Take us out of this hell hole. Full speed.
They’ve got quite a lead.
There’s no way we can beat him there.
We have to try.
Jay, how are you feeling?
Ship shape.
Are you up for supercharging those batteries again?
I have to be. This is war.
Now, Your Highness, use your trident to focus your call.
Unlock the gate.
Bring the creatures. Seal our victory.
Yes!
[grunts]
[glass cracking]
[Advisor] My.
You’re a strong one.
Don’t worry.
You’ll get your fill of violence.
[gasps]
Something is wrong.
Ah. My head.
[grunts]
Ah…
Good.
[rumbling]
What’s… that?
[gasping]
[people screaming]
[man] Oh, God!
[siren wailing]
[grunts]
[Black Canary whistles]
Hey, fish lips.
How about a real fight?
[shrieks]
[beeping]
[shrieks]
Keep it up, gents. [grunts]
Master race, my rear.
Shake your tail, Canary.
[shrieks]
Join the army. Fight Nazis.
Fall in love with an Amazonian princess and end up in an Atlantean tank taking on bad guys.
Steve Trevor, never complain about being bored again.
Send these fish back to the sea.
Sh…
[roars]
[woman] Over there.
[man] Do you see it?
[boy] Look.
[man] Is that…
[gasping]
[roaring]
They’re going to destroy your home, my King.
It’s best to destroy theirs first.
[pulsating]
[roaring]
[people screaming]
[roaring]
Hawkman, civilians.
I’m never eating seafood again.
I don’t know. I bet it tastes fine in butter.
Canary and I will get the big guy.
The rest of you stop those… things from getting to the city.
Let’s give them hell, boys.
After you.
How gentlemanly of you.
[shrieks]
[roaring]
[shrieks]
[gasps]
[screaming]
[grunts]
[Black Canary] No, no, no.
It’s okay.
You’re going to be okay.
You’re a terrible liar.
Stay with me, Carter. You…
[sobs] You can’t.
You can’t go.
[grunts]
I’m not leaving.
Not forever.
[grunts]
Listen, little bird.
You spend so much time building walls, keeping people out, and I know you’ve been hurt before, but… you have to promise me something.
Promise me you won’t give up on this.
On life.
On love.
Remember. [grunts in pain]
It’s the only thing worth living for.
[gasps]
Carter.
Please.
Please.
Chay-Ara.
I’m coming.
I’m…
[Black Canary crying]
[roars]
[shrieks]
[screaming]
[roaring]
Okay.
So I guess the big one is mine.
[grunts]
[Atlantean commander] Surrender.
Sorry.
I’m an American.
We don’t do surrender.
You okay?
Yeah, I think so.
[grunts]
Told everyone I wasn’t much use without…
And stay still. Here. Put pressure on it.
[groans]
[straining]
Steve, what are you doing?
Whatever I can.
[Black Canary shrieks]
Yeah. That was me.
[snarling]
[roaring]
You call that a scream?
[shrieking]
[grunts]
Perfect.
You know? I gotta admit.
You’re pretty tough on the outside.
[explosions]
[Wonder Woman straining]
[engine accelerating]
Steve?
You okay?
Yeah.
[groans]
Just need a minute.
Take your time.
I got this covered.
Who dares?
[grunts]
Steve Trevor.
Colonel in the US Army, Wonder Woman’s boyfriend.
I admire your bravery.
But your fate will be like the rest.
You have no business fighting with gods.
But I do.
[Wonder Woman] Enough of this.
You will not win today or any day.
The hearts of humanity yearn for freedom and I aim to help them achieve it.
Then you are a fool.
I said enough.
What have I done?
Oh, what just happened?
[sighing] And good riddance.
[Advisor] You think this means you’ve won?
You and your league can’t stop the Fuhrer’s reign.
Can’t you hear it?
The sound of defeat.
The sound of failure.
No. No. What did you…
[blade thrusts]
Ah, I won.
I always win.
Steve, you okay?
I’ll be fine.
Go.
Mother of God.
If those bombers reach the city…
[Black Canary] We have to do something.
We can’t just sit here.
[Wonder Woman] Where’s Hawkman?
We might not have to.
Look.
What in the world?
No… not this world.
[Flash] You shaved.
Shakespeare?
Clark.
My real name is Clark.
But you can call him… Superman.
I don’t understand.
Weren’t you just a reporter?
I was… Am.
But I couldn’t sit on the sidelines any longer.
I guess it was time to get in the game.
[Hourman] Diana.
Steve?
Stay still.
We’ll get a doctor. We’ll…
Ah, come on, princess.
We both know that ain’t happening.
[grunts]
This can’t be.
I thought when the war was over, we’d…
Tomorrow is never guaranteed.
Only today.
Right now.
That’s why we fight, right?
[coughs]
But honestly… being with you… I wouldn’t trade it for all the tomorrows in the world.
So what do you say, Diana?
Grant a dying man his final request?
[sighs wearily]
[Wonder Woman sobbing]
[Jay] Where’s Aquaman’s crony?
[Flash] I don’t know where he went.
There’s not a trace.
And trust me, this is what I do.
It’s like he just… disappeared.
[Black Canary] Don’t worry, Future Boy.
We’ll find him.
Leave it to us.
Right now, we need to get you home.
[Wonder Woman] Thank you… for everything.
We’ll be sorry to see you go.
Yeah. I wish I could stay but… I’ve got a world of my own that needs all the help it can get.
I can’t take this.
You said… you understood why I said no.
I was wrong.
Don’t…
don’t make the same mistake.
[Jay] Ready, kid?
[Flash] Yeah.
[grunts]
You were just… And then you…
I guess it doesn’t matter.
Great work, Flash.
Thank you.
No problem, Shakespeare.
Uh, I mean, Superman.
Okay.
I should be off.
Nice working with you.
Wait.
Listen. Brainiac won’t be the last to show up and threaten our cities, our world.
There’ll be others.
There always are.
But there are also others like us.
Heroes.
Maybe if we stick together, we can keep the peace.
You know…
Fight for truth, justice, the American way.
What are you suggesting?
Like a club?
Yeah, something like that.
[Iris] How long were you there?
[Barry] Maybe a week.
Here, it wasn’t even a second.
Sounds…
Crazy?
[laughs]
A little bit.
Yeah, it was.
Oh, shoot. I forgot something.
[giggles] Glad some things haven’t changed.
The future is uncertain.
It could be full of bad things or good things.
But whatever the case, it’s better to face it together.
I know we said that we could always have tomorrow, but whatever tomorrows I have, I want them to be with you.
Barry.
What are you doing?
So, what do you say?
Will you marry me?
[gasps] Yes.
Social Justice: 7 Theories of Social Justice – Explained!
“Social Justice is an attribute of God …. Every act, every thought is weighed in the invisible but universal balance-scales of justice. The Day of Judgment is not in some remote future but here and now, and none can escape it. Divine laws cannot be evaded. They are not so much imposed from without as wrought into our nature” (Radhakrishnan)
The term, ‘justice’ has been used since the time immemorial in different languages, in different religions, varying from region to region. In epics and Puran ‘justice’ was interpreted differently from what today’s social scientists mean by it (Hantal, 1996).
Justice is the evolution of the basic social and political institutions, particularly with respect to the consequent distributions of benefits and burdens, which are standardly expressed in terms of justice or injustice. On its most general sense the concept of justice requires that each individual has what is due to him or her (Outhwaite and Bottomore, 1993).
In the Roman-Greek tradition, it was Cicero, who elaborated the concept of social justice, when he declared, “we are born for justice, and that right is based, not upon man’s opinion, but upon nature. This fact will immediately be plain if you once get a clear conception of man’s fellowship and union with his fellow – men, for no single thing is so like another, so exactly, its counterpart, as all of us are to one another” (Sabine, 1973).
For Cicero, a state cannot exist on crippled conditions; in fact, “It depends upon, and acknowledges and gives effect to the consciousness of mutual obligations and the mutual recognition of rights that bind its citizen together. The state is a moral community, a group of persons who in common possess the state and its law”. That is why he called the state, “the affair of the people”. In essence, for Cicero “Justice is intrinsic goods,” which holds the people together by normal ties and rights.
The most ancient social organization through which the idea of social justice was sought to be implemented is the theory of Chaturvarnya (Varna Vyavastha), that is, the Vedic concept of society in which the people were classified into four Varnas: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Sudra. Though its original existence is nowhere now, and if it is, it exists in its most degenerated form, i.e., caste system; yet it was envisaged as an organization based on human nature, i.e., Guna-Karma theory, and it was meant for social harmony and justice (Jatava, 1998), which also leads man to the path of Moksha – liberation from pain of birth and death.
Plato sought social justice through a social order based on human nature consisting of three main faculties: the rational, spiritual and appetitive. The rational faculty is wise and its main function is to rule and command; the function of spiritual faculty is to maintain law and order in society; the appetitive faculty of human nature drives itself to the satisfaction of bodily appetites. The special qualities of a person having rational faculty are wisdom, respect, tolerance, reasoning, discipline.
By virtue of such qualities, such a person is able to guide and rule. The distinctive qualities of a person with spiritual faculty are ambition, love for power, demonstration of courage or strength, fighting spirits, etc. Therefore, they are suitable for maintaining peace and order in society, and are able to defend the state. A person having the qualities of appetitive faculty will opt to undertake various physical labours. Such persons are full of bodily desires and always hanker after their satisfaction (Lindsay, 1954; Barker, 1959).
All the faculties however, are interrelated, and dominance of one in a person makes him having the same nature. Thus, Plato envisaged the order of individual and social justice in the division of citizens into three classes according to their nature.
Plato interlinked individual and social justice together. The individual form of justice manifests itself, when man succeeds in establishing harmony and unity among all the three qualities of wisdom, courage and appetite as inherent in his conscience. In case, the balance is upset or disturbed, the individual rushes towards lust and injustice. In a similar way, the well ordered balance of three classes of citizens in society is the basic idea of social justice.
In other words, integration and balance of society through duties and responsibilities of kings (rulers), warriors and labourers, as per their respective qualities, is social justice. ‘Social justice’, according to Plato, is defined as “the principle of a society, consisting of different types of men … who have combined under the impulse of their need of one another, and by their combination in one society, and their concentration on their separate functions, have made a whole which is perfect because it is the product and the image of the whole of the human mind” (Sabine, 1973)
In Plato’s view, social justice apparently stands for the performance of the class-based duties according to the nature of men. So far the position of womenfolk is concerned, Plato placed them under the system of “communism of wives” in order that they could give society the best of progeny and no one would indulge in disputes relating to the possession of his children, whether mine or of others. The bringing up of all children, their education and training, all such tasks were entrusted to the state (Jatava, 1998).
There is, some resemblance between Varna Vyavastha and Plato’s view on justice as both assigns duties to its citizen on the basis of class. In both of these social orders the state is a part and parcel of society. The idea of social justice in Varna Vyvastha leads one towards the goal of moksha and in Plato’s social order towards ‘Supreme Happiness’. In each scheme, a just man is entitled to achieve the highest goal of human life. That is Moksha or supreme happiness.
Aristotle, who is the main author of this conception (Justice), says, “Injustice arises when equals are treated unequally, and also when unequal’s are treated equally.” Justice is an equality of proportion between ‘persons’ and ‘things’ assigned to them. The ‘thing’ here may be office, honour, rank, money or any of the objects of human desire. These should be distributed, not equally, but in proportion to some quality, character or achievement of the persons concerned. What is this quality? Aristotle points out that the basis of distribution adopted differs in different social systems.
It may be birth, rank, office or wealth. It may be simply a status of a free man (as in a Greek democracy) and then the rule of proportion fails, and absolute or ‘arithmetic equality’ is substituted. Lastly it may ought to be merit.. The equality of distributive justice, then is for Aristotle an equality in the proportion of merit to rights.
Aristotle is right in pointing out that actual social systems have their own characteristics (Hob-house, 1922). To some extent Marxian ideas are related to the ‘communism’ of Plato. In fact, Marx also termed Indian society as based upon Asiatic Mode of Production and thus classless society with the indication of justice and equality.
Unlike Plato, for Aristotle, justice is inherent in morality, scientific insight and constitutional rule. He puts it into ‘general justice’, and ‘particular justice’. The former is the whole good of society; it is moral conduct, it is public good; it is virtue. This justice asks man to think not of himself but of other people. The latter is a part of the whole justice.
It expresses itself into a limited area though the contents of both type of justice do not differ. He further subdivided particular justice into ‘distributive justice’ and ‘connective justice’. As already stated in above para, distributive justice is related to the distribution of posts, rewards, honours and other advantages by the state to individuals on the basis of their capacities and abilities on the basis of ‘proportionate equality’.
For Aristotle, the best state is that which is founded on proportionate justice based on the merits of the individual, and not on birth, wealth, liberty and equality. A complete equality among the citizens is not possible in any respect of human life (Jatava, 1998). Even if justice has been tolerably secured within a particular community, various circumstances like accidents, robberies, group rivalries and breach of contract may arise to disturb it, and therefore there is need of connective justice which is not revenge but some sort of compensation.
He discarded the principle of “an eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth” for it is not a true compensation, it is a revenge, which cannot be an act of justice. All that the state can do is to try to prevent such action by some sort of protection (i.e., the police), by deterrence through the prospects of various forms of punishments, by special restrictions and by moral education.
“In view of the general conception of justice, it may rightly be explained that to Aristotle, the spirit of social justice lies in a just arrangement of society which would mean a model in which each one does efficiently the work for which one is fitted by nature of one’s capacities and abilities and receives accordingly what is necessary to enable him to continue his work. Though the state regulations can only be accepted as general, not as applying to every individual instance, yet the laws of a state as Aristotle argued, can only provide for what is best in general. The most important element added to the concept of social justice by Aristotle was the ‘rule of law’ which has received a special attention in modern societies” (Jatava, 1998).
Hob house, in his monumental work, Elements of Social Justice has outlined following points as elements of social justice:
(1) Institutions are not ends but means. Politics are subordinate to ethics.
(2) One of the principles of harmony is that common goods cannot be opposed to individual goods nor individual set-up against the common goods. A right improves duties and is one term of a moral relation.
(3) Moral freedom.
(4) Social and political freedom.
(5) Equality.
(6) Personal justice.
(7) Equal payment for equal service.
(8) The assignment of property should be so conceived as to secure freedom for the individual and power for the community.
(9) Social and personal factors in wealth.
(10) Individual organization.
(11) Democracy (Hob-house, 1922).
Before going into various theories of social justice, some of other modern scholar’s opinions on this subject are stated.
According to Miller, social justice “is realistic attempt to bring the overall pattern of distribution in a society into line with principles of society” (Miller, 1987). It rests on two assumptions: first, that social processes are governed, at least in broad outline by discoverable laws, so that it makes sense to try to reshape society deliberately; second, that it is possible to find a source of power – usually in government – sufficient to carry out the reshaping. There have been two major conceptions of social justice, one embodying the notions of ‘merit’ and ‘desert’ and the other, those of ‘need equality’.
The first conception entails that each person’s social position and material rewards should as far as possible correspond to their place on a scale of merit, an idea also expressed in demands for ‘owners open to talents’ and ‘equal opportunity’.
The second conception entails that goods should be allocated according to each person’s various needs. It is closely allied to an idea of ‘equality’, since a programme which successfully satisfies needs, makes people naturally equal in one important respect.
The idea of need is, however, notoriously difficult to define precisely. It has to be distinguished from desire and preference, since these notions may encompass quite frivolous items; on the other hand, the needs that someone has, must clearly vary according to their basic purposes in life.
Although there is biological core to the concept of need, as manifested in needs for food, clothing and shelter, there is also a large periphery in which needs depend on culturally specific lifestyles. In place of this variability, need based conception of social justice are of two broad patterns. The more radical founded in Communism, allows each person to define his or her needs and assumes that sufficient resources can be created to meet all needs so defined.
The more cautious, found in Social Democracy, assumes that a public authority must define needs according to the standards prevailing at particular time and place. The latter view may allow for a compromise between the claims of needs and those of deserts. In other words, some social resources being allocated on the basis of need through the welfare state, others are allocated according to desert through bureaucratic processes. This is the most popular interpretation of social justice in the west today.
For Outhwaite and Bottomore, “Justice is the evolution of the basic social and political institutions, particularly with respect to the consequent distributions of benefits and burdens are standardly expressed in terms of justice or injustice. In its most general sense the concept of justice requires that each individual has what is due to him or her” (Outhwaite and Bottomore, 1993).
Within this formula, they have made distinction between the formal and material justice. Formal justice requires distribution which is in accordance with existing or agreed criteria or rules. It is often identified with legal or individual justice. This involves standards of procedural justice (‘due process’ and ‘natural justice’) which are directed towards fairness and accuracy in the application of rules.
It entails formal equality if it assumed that every person in a society or group ought to be treated in accordance with the same rules. On the other hand, material or substantive justice concerns the identification of the appropriate distributive criteria (such as right, desert, need or choice) that constitute competing of justice. Material justice may justify substantive inequalities of outcome or redistribution between different social groups. It is often identified with social justice.
Jatava defines social justice as “that sort of justice which prescribes certain ideals closely related to human society; it sustains the existence and continuity of the individual, family, society and the nation; Its implementation safeguards the interests of the weaker sections of society; and this removes all the serious unjust imbalances formed between man and man so that the lives of all citizens become improved and emancipated. As a result, every man, according to his own potentiality and merit may participate in the power and wealth of the nation and thus may avail of the opportunities for acquiring social status of his own liking and outlook” (Jatava, 1998). He further writes, “Social justice is so wide concept that it includes all other kinds of justice in its sphere. It gives a vivid depiction of the whole of human society. It is like a looking-glass wherein one can find the picture of a country or of a society. Its subject matter is a sort of study, which is related more to practice than theory. That is why social justice is different from the well established social sciences and other studies of human life”.
In the context of the Constitution of India, P.B. Gajendragadkar, former Chief Justice of India, said: “The concept of social justice is (thus) a revolutionary concept which gives meaning and significance to the democratic way of life and makes the rule of law dynamic. It is this concept of social justice which creates in the minds of the masses of this country a sense of participation in the glory of India’s political freedom” (Gajendragadkar, 1965).
He further adds, “Social justice must be achieved by adopting necessary and reasonable measures with courage, wisdom, foresight, sense of balance and fairplay to all the interests concerned. That shortly stated, is the concept of social justice and its implications. If eternal vigilance is the price for national liberty, it is equally the price for sustaining individual freedom and liberty in welfare state”. Now but us discuss various theories of social justice.
Theories of Social Justice:
There are number of theories of social justice.
But some of the important one’s are briefly discussed here:
1. Utilitarianism:
The protagonists of utilitarianism, J. Benthem (1748-1832), James Mill (1773 -1836), John Austin (1790-1859) J.S. Mill (1806-1873) considered practicability and utility to be the measure of virtue and justice. The value of justice is inherent in how many individuals derive pleasure from it, that is how far it is useful or full of utility in favour of common interest. That which is not useful, or does not contain any utility, cannot be just and ethically justifiable.
Thus “The maximum good of the greatest number of individuals” was regarded as the basis of justice. For them, utility ought to be the measure of good, right, morality, progress and justice. Bentham stressed that “justice must be demonstrated, and the welfare of the needy and the oppressed be protected”. Thus, according to these thinkers, whatever is useless, painful, evil and unjust, must be reformed or changed in the interest of the greatest number of individuals (Jatava, 1998).
In other words, according to this school of social justice, all questions of distributions are to be resolved by reference to over consequences; A sociality just allocation is ultimate allocation that produces the “greatest sum of happiness”. J. Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism (1801) contains perhaps they must persuasion presentation of this position (Mill, 1969)
2. Self-Perfectionism:
F.H. Bradley (1846-1924) the most subtle and leading thinker of the theory of “self-protectionism”, stressed the idea that if each individual does the duties of his station the place assigned to him as a teacher, worker, lawyer etc., the establishment of a just and good society would be easier. He considered his theory of “my station and its duties” to be the main foundation of justice.
Since all individuals differ in their abilities and capacities their duties too, would immensely differ. Each individual must do all his duties, honestly, and efficiently in accordance with the place he has been assigned in society. However, in Bradley’s social scheme, every person has right to choose his own place of duties. Hence, he can pursue any course of his liking, but once he selects his place, he must do his work devotedly so that the possibilities of social progress and the areas of justice are expanded in the interest of all.
In Bradley’s view, this is the right way to achieve individual and social good and there is no contradiction between the two. Thus, grounded injustice, the moral ideal of Bradley adheres to the idea that a man’s life, along with his moral duties mainly completes itself in ordering those professions which has been designated as state and that partly by means of its laws and institutions, even more than this by its own consciousness, provides to man such a life that he likes and must live (Bradley, 1952).
3. Marxism:
The Marxist’s view of social justice believes that the idea of justice has developed through the ages. It changes from one age to the other on the basis of economic relations. The economic structure plays decisive role in establishing and maintaining the social justice.
There has been continuous struggle between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ throughout the ages in the pretext of social justice, as in every stages of human society the have nots were exploited by the have class, but could not attain such justice as the problem of exploitation is rooted in the economic structure itself.
Hence, the Marxist ethics first associate the concept of justice with the idea of liberating society from exploiting class, and social justice attains its summit in communist society, in which all traces of social and economic distinction disappear (Rosenthal and Yudin, 1967).
In other words, in the existing social system based on dominance of private property in which one is owner and other is labour, the true justice is not possible and it is nevertheless, not possible to stop the exploitation. Hence, the proletariat revolution followed by the overthrow of capitalism and establishment of socialism or communism, thereby abolishing private property, abolishing classes and all forms of inequalities, only would help attain social justice. In various works, Marx and Engels have outlined the theory of exploitation and its remedies, i.e., communism (Marx and Engels 1952; 1844 etc.) In later stages, Lenin, Stalin and Mao have contributed significantly in their respective works about theory of communism.
Laski eulogized the socialism of Karl Marx, for it was essentially a humanist approach but he added an idea of freedom to economic equality. “Equality involves up to the margin of sufficiency and identity of responsibility to primary needs and this is what is meant by justice” (Laski, 1925 and 1948). The significance of freedom is that it encourages people to do what equality requires from them. Laski held that socialism and fellowship are the same thing, and to him, the socialists look to be happy in an egalitarian socialist world.
Recent communitarian theories hold that criteria of justice depend on the ‘sphere’ in which distributions are being considered, so that, for instance, economic and political justice are distinct and that standards of justice are always relative to the understandings and expectation of current specific societies (Walzer, 1983). Hence, the Marxian notion of communism or justice has been modified from time to time, place to place and situation to situation, though the crux has been the same – human welfare.
4. Existentialism:
The existentialists did not accept justice as ‘natural virtue’ like that of German philosopher Nietzsche or an ancient Indian law-giver Manu, and said that man is fundamentally free. Man makes his own ideals with a view to bringing about a particular social system in future.
The existentialists hold that man’s life is a continuous struggle in the midst of the unity of the process of choice. In Jean Paul Sartre’s view, man can-not escape the exercise of freedom as freedom is inherent in the existence of mankind. Freedom would remain in life perennially so long as the existence of man continues.
Man’s freedom is unlimited, that is, freedom can never be destroyed by any law or moral rule; neither can it be rooted out by the coercion of an ideal or any system of obligations. This fact, however, does not exonerate man from responsibility, which is the sole basis of the existential idea of justice.
Man is responsible for all his ideals, which he chooses as a free being, whether these ideals are related to justice, morality, democracy or economic welfare. Man’s just ideals or unjust systems inspire him accordingly for pursuing his own course of action. In brief, Sartre said: “I am responsible for myself and also for others. In the spirit of my choice, I am creating a certain image (concept) of man…” (Sartre, 1947).
5. Rawls’ Theory:
According to Rawls, the most distinctive elements of which the principle, that inequalities in the allocation of goods are permissible if and only if they work to the benefit of the least well-off members of society.
According to him:
(a) Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all.
(b) Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both:
(i) The greatest benefits to the least-advantaged, and
(ii) Attached to the offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equalities of opportunities (Rawls, 1972).
6. Libertarianism:
A more far-reaching challenge has been posed by critics such as Hayek and Nozick who reject the notion of social justice altogether, and argue instead for a return to the traditional understanding of justice as respect for law and established rights. Their argument begins from different philosophical starting points but contain three central claims (Hayek, 1976; Nozick, 1974).
First, the notion of social justice assume that there is some agency responsible for the distribution of benefits in society, whereas in fact, this distribution arises through uncoordinated activity of many agents, non-aiming at overall results.
Second, the quest for social justice involves replacing the market economy with a stultifying bureaucracy which tries to exercise complete control over the flow of resources to individuals.
Third, this quest also involves fundamental interference with personal freedom, in so far as people must be prevented from doing as they please with the resources they are allocated if the preferred distributive pattern is to be maintained.
Justice, the new-liberals argue, is a property of processes rather than of outcomes. If the convert procedures for acquiring and transferring benefits have been followed, it makes no sense to describe the resulting distribution of resources as either just or unjust.
7. Ambedkarism:
Ambedkar agreed with Bergbon’s idea of justice which states, “Justice has always evoked ideas of equality, of proportion of ‘compensation’. Equity signifies equality rules and regulations, right and righteousness are concerned with equality in value. If all men are equal, all men are of the same essence and the common essence entitles them to the same fundamental rights and to equal liberty” (quoted in Ambedkar, 1987). Ambedkar had also a very liberal concept of justice in the sense of its being grounded in human values. “Justice”, for Ambedkar “is simply another name for liberty, equality and fraternity”.
According to Ambedkar, political democracy cannot last unless there lies at the base of it the social democracy which recognizes equality, liberty and fraternity as the principles of life. These principles of liberty, equality and fraternity are not to be treated as separate items in a trinity but form a unity of trinity in the sense that to divorce one from the other is to defeat the very purpose of democracy (Ambedkar, 1994). Hence, for Ambedkar, democracy is an essential ingredient for attaining social justice.
To Ambedkar, liberty had a significant role to play in shaping human personality. It is grounded in expression of thought, belief, faith and worship; and a man with it becomes and grows rich when he expresses himself in various ways. It gives opportunities for art and literature. The hidden talents are expressed through liberty and a man can choose the best way to shape his destiny. To restrain absolute liberty, equality comes in picture. It knits men to men, groups to groups, and brings them in mutual ties, cooperation and social sympathy.
Citizens cannot live in crippled condition. Equality depends upon, acknowledges and gives effect to the consciousness of mutual obligations and mutual recognition of rights that bind the members of society together. Equality is the binding affair of the people. Fraternity is the in-depth feeling to provide an atmosphere wherein people could enjoy the values of liberty and equality.
For Ambedkar, “fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians (he wrote in reference to India which, however, can be generalized to socio-cultural contexts), all Indians being one people; It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life” (Ambedkar, 1994). Thus, Ambedkar elucidated that these principles of trinity cannot be divorced from each other as one supplements and complements the other in the process of social justice.
Ambedkar’s concept of social justice means a mode of life to give every man his right place in society. Its precepts may be: to live honourably, to give respect to all, to injure no one, and to give every man his due without any artificial discrimination in mind and unnatural classification in society. The other precepts of social justice are: supremacy of constitutional rules, equality before law, grant of fundamental rights, performance of duties, adherence to legal and social obligations, and finally a staunch faith in the value of justice, liberty equality, fraternity and dignity of human personality.
The concept of justice, in Ambedkar’s view, is a problem not merely of distributing the material abundance among the people but basically a mode of life based on mutual respect and regard, a feeling of fellowship as equal members of society. Hence, the measure of social justice is not material progress, but the abundance and proliferation of human values among the people (Jatava, 1998). Hence, his conception of justice is holistic and continuous process. He is more concerned with social transformation and development as it encompasses social justice to it.
Apart from the above theories, there are number of scholars who conceptualize the theories of the social justice. Hence, a brief description of their contribution is justifiable.
According to Brunetto Latini, “Just as justice is an equal thing, so injustice is unequal; and thus he who wants to establish justice tries to make equal the things that are unequal” (as quoted in Sartori, 1965). Thus, he means justice by ‘sameness’.
Hart conceptualized justice in relation to law and morality. In his own words: “justice constitutes not with individual conduct but with the ways in which classes of individuals are treated. It is this which gives justice its special relevance in the criticism of law and other public or social institutions. It is the most public and the most legal of the virtues.
But the principle of justice do not exhaust the idea of morality; and not all criticism of law made on moral grounds is made in the name of justice. Law may be condemned as morally bad simply because they require men to do particular actions which morally forbids individual to do, or because they require men to abstain from doing those which are morally obligatory” (Hart, 1970).
About justice, he further explained “that individuals are entitled in respect of each other to a certain relative positions of equality or inequality. This is something to be respected in the vicissitudes of social life when burdens or benefits fall to be distributed. It is also something to be restored when it is disturbed. Hence, justice is traditionally thought of as maintaining or restoring a balance or proportion, and it’s leading precepts is often formulated as ‘treat like cases alike’, though we need to add, ‘treat different cases differently”.
Brecht talks of universality of human needs and so the universal term justice. He says: “the universal term justice responds to a universal human need of expression, not only in acquiescence with exiting laws but also in criticizing them for lack of justice, and that this universal need relates to the feeling that has at least some elements in common. We have good cause for supposing, further, that these elements must be very important for human nature, since they are tied up with such passionate feeling”(Brecht, 1970).
For Messner, justice goes beyond the virtue of individual, as social order can exist only when there are rules of law and justice with objective and universal validity and independent of the subjective individual will… Justice, then, is a virtue whereby to fulfill the judicial obligations (Messner, 1965).
To David Hume, justice is not a ‘natural virtue’ but an ‘artifice’ for it arises from circumstances and necessities of mankind. Though the rules of justice may be artificial, yet they cannot be arbitrary, because the idea of justice is related to sympathy and public interest; it is morally approved and is based on human convention developed out of ‘self-interest’.
According to Hume, “Justice establishes itself by a kind of convention or agreements; that is, by a sense of interest, supposed to be common to all, and where every single act is performed in expectation that others are to perform the like. Without such a convention, no one would have ever dreamed, that there was a virtue as justice, or would have been induced to conform his action to it” (Hume, 1978). ‘Self interest’, as Hume observed, is the original notice to the establishment of justice; but sympathy with public interest is the source of moral approbation, which attends to that virtue.
All the above theories contributed something small, or big, positive or negative, this aspect or that aspect of social justice. However, some of the theories stated above seems to be outdated today for their inherent deficiencies. For instance, the theory of ‘Hindu Social Order’ believed in an official doctrine of ‘social inequality (Hantal, 1998). It opposed to all that which constituted the essence of social justice (Ambedkar, 1987). In Ambedkar’s view the Chaturvarna failed for the reason for which Plato’s scheme proved wrong and superficial (Ambedkar, 1944).
Similarly, the divine law of Hinduism which states, “Justice is an attribute of God …. Every act, every thought is weighed in the invisible but universal balance-scales of justice. The Day of Judgment is not in some remote future but here and now, and none can escape it. Divine laws cannot be evaded. They are not so much imposed from without as wrought into our nature” (Radhakrishnan, 1949 and 1957), is not acceptable in the modern world.
Aristotle, though one of the founding fathers of the rule of law justified social inequality and slavery, as he said: “The soil is to be till by slaves, and artisans are to be excluded from citizenship on the ground that virtue is impossible for men whose time is consumed in manual labor” (Sabine, 1973). Hence, his theory cannot be accepted too.
Similarly, no justice can be seen in Thrasymachusean who “upheld the interest of the strong and also justified inequality and violence – if they could protect the interest of the strong “(Jatava, 1998). As regards Nietzsche, Ambedkar observed that the social philosophy of Nietzsche “had become identified with will to power, violence, denial of spiritual values, superman and the sacrifice, servility and debasement of the common man” (Ambedkar, 1987). According to Jatava, “Nietzsche, like Manu, was an embodiment of social inequality and both of them upheld the interests of one class only, which was quite contradictory to the spirit of social justice.” (Jatava, 1998).
However, Marxism stands for the spirit of humanism. However, the method as well as objective outlined by it does not seem practicable and attainable in modern world – hence, at best remained as Utopia. It’s ‘praxis’ in modified form in former USSR, China and other nations did not yield true justice. Its ‘economic determinism’ and alleging caste or religion as determinant of economic structure, and its call for violent proletariat revolution are more of a theory than a practical reality – neither can be possible nor desirable. Despite such criticism, Marxism has been source of inspiration for scholars of social justice for its stand on humanism and social equity.
The Gandhian principle of social justice inherent in the idea of Sarvodaya Samaj is rejected by Ambedkar for three main reasons:
(i) That it is based on the division of labour which forms the cornerstone of Varnashram Dharma;
(ii) That it regards the role of Daridra Narayan (God’s grace to weaker sections) as an important one for maintaining of justice;
(iii) That the theory of ‘trusteeship’ has been highlighted to redress the economic ills of society, which is just like making the cat to look after the milk or to give a lamb under the guardianship of a wolf (Jatava, 1998).
More or less some weaknesses are seen in various theories of justice; some theories as discussed above are sectarian, anti-poor, whereas some other theories such as of Mills, Rawls, etc., are for human happiness and welfare of society but Ambedkar’s view seems to be more comprehensive, for it goes beyond equality and liberty by adding fraternity which signifies spirit of brotherhoodness of mankind. Besides, he outlined methods to attain such which were practicable, as drafted in Constitution of India (Gore, 1997).
The crux of Ambedkar’s concept of social justice are: the unity and equality of all human beings, the equal worth of men and women, the respect for the weak and the lowly, the regard for human rights, benevolence, mutual love, sympathy, tolerance, and charity towards fellow being, human treatment in all cases, the dignity of all citizens, the abolition of caste-distinctions, education and property for all, goodwill and gentleness (Jatava, 1998). In short, Ambedkar sought for social transformation through the establishment of social democracy in which equality, fraternity and liberty would prevail in each and every spheres of life of all members of society (Gore, 1997; Ram, 1996; Hantal, 1998).