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You want to say «Japan» (日本 or にほん) in Japanese. Pronounce it as «Nippon» or «Nihon.» There is no single «correct» pronunciation, so try to take your cues from those around you. Read on for more information!
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Know that Japanese uses two «alphabets.» Hiragana is used for native words when there is not a relevant kanji and katakana is used to write adapted foreign words. Both systems use characters to represent syllables.Kanji, which originated in China and still bears many similarities to Chinese writing is used in place of hiragana to specify the meaning of a written words as many words share pronunciations, e.g god and paper. Thus, you may often see the word «Japan» written as 日本 (kanji) or にほん (hiragana).[1]
- In kanji, 日, or «ni,» is the character for «sun.» 本, or «hon,» is the character for «origin.» Thus, «Japan» literally means «sun-origin,» or «The Land of the Rising Sun.»
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2
Pronounce either にほん or 日本 as «Nihon.» The syllables sound like «knee» and «hon». Say «hon» as in «home»[2]
- «Nihon» may also sound like «Nippon.» Pronounce it «Knee-pon» – «pon» as in «poll», and with a small pause between the syllables. Either pronunciation is accepted in Japan.
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Say «Japanese.» To say «Japanese» in Japanese, add the syllable «go» (same as English «go») to the end of «Nihon.» Pronounce it «Nihongo» or «Nee-hon-go.»[3]
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Understand that the pronunciation is a matter of debate. In past centuries, the Japanese language has been subject to the influence of Chinese monks, European explorers, and various foreign merchants. There is still no full consensus about whether the name is pronounced «Nihon» or «Nippon.» «Nippon» is the older pronunciation – but a recent survey showed that 61 percent of native speakers read the word as «Nihon,» while only 37 percent read it as «Nippon.» When in doubt, take your cues from the people around you.[4]
- Some claim that traditionally, Japanese used «Nihon» to refer to their nation when communicating between themselves, and «Nippon» when speaking to outsiders. This has not been officially verified, and there is no formally «correct» pronunciation.
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Listen to someone say it. The best way to learn how to pronounce the word is to hear someone say it. Once you’ve heard it, practice saying it yourself. Look online for videos or recordings of people saying «日本». If you have any friends or family members who are native Japanese speakers, ask them to pronounce the word for you.[5]
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The word Japan is an exonym, and is used (in one form or another) by many languages. The Japanese names for Japan are Nihon (にほん) and Nippon (にっぽん). They are both written in Japanese using the kanji 日本.
During the third-century CE Three Kingdoms period, Japan was inhabited by the Yayoi people who lived in Kyushu up to the Kanto region. They were called Wa in Chinese, and the kanji for their name 倭 can be translated as «dwarf» or «submissive».[1] Japanese scribes found fault with its offensive connotation, and officially changed the characters they used to spell the native name for Japan, Yamato, replacing the 倭 («dwarf») character for Wa with the homophone 和 («peaceful, harmonious»). Wa 和 was often combined with 大 («great») to form the name 大和, which is read as Yamato[2][3] (see also Jukujikun for a discussion of this type of spelling where the kanji and pronunciations are not directly related). The earliest record of 日本 appears in the Chinese Old Book of Tang, which notes the change in 703 when Japanese envoys requested that its name be changed. It is believed that the name change within Japan itself took place sometime between 665 and 703.[4] During the Heian period, 大和 was gradually replaced by 日本, which was first pronounced with the Chinese reading (on’yomi) Nippon and later as Nifon, and then in modern usage Nihon, reflecting shifts in phonology in Early Modern Japanese.[1] Marco Polo called Japan ‘Cipangu’ around 1300, based on the Chinese name,[5] probably 日本國; ‘sun source country’ (compare modern Min Nan pronunciation ji̍t pún kok). In the 16th century in Malacca, Portuguese traders first heard from Malay and Indonesian the names Jepang, Jipang, and Jepun.[6] In 1577 it was first recorded in English, spelled Giapan.[6] At the end of the 16th century, Portuguese missionaries came to Japan and created grammars and dictionaries of Middle Japanese. The 1603–1604 dictionary Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam has 2 entries: nifon[7] and iippon.[8] Since then many derived names of Japan appeared on early-modern European maps.
History[edit]
Cipangu (cited as ixola de cimpagu on the center-left) on the 1453 Fra Mauro map, the first known Western depiction of the island.
Both Nippon and Nihon literally mean «the sun’s origin», that is, where the sun originates,[9] and are often translated as the Land of the Rising Sun. This nomenclature comes from Imperial correspondence with the Chinese Sui Dynasty and refers to Japan’s eastern position relative to China. Before Nihon came into official use, Japan was known as Wa (倭) or Wakoku (倭国).[10] Wa was a name early China used to refer to an ethnic group living in Japan around the time of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Yayoi people primarily lived on the island of Kyushu to the Kanto region on Honshu.
Although the etymological origins of «Wa» remain uncertain, Chinese historical texts recorded an ancient people residing in the Japanese archipelago (perhaps Kyūshū), named something like *ˀWâ or *ˀWər 倭. Carr (1992:9–10) surveys prevalent proposals for Wa’s etymology ranging from feasible (transcribing Japanese first-person pronouns waga 我が «my; our» and ware 我 «I; oneself; thou») to shameful (writing Japanese Wa as 倭 implying «dwarf»), and summarizes interpretations for *ˀWâ «Japanese» into variations on two etymologies: «behaviorally ‘submissive’ or physically ‘short’.» The first «submissive; obedient» explanation began with the (121 CE) Shuowen Jiezi dictionary. It defines 倭 as shùnmào 順皃 «obedient/submissive/docile appearance», graphically explains the «person; human» radical 亻 with a wěi 委 «bent» phonetic, and quotes the above Shijing poem. «Conceivably, when Chinese first met Japanese,» Carr (1992:9) suggests «they transcribed Wa as *ˀWâ ‘bent back’ signifying ‘compliant’ bowing/obeisance. Bowing is noted in early historical references to Japan.» Examples include «Respect is shown by squatting» (Hou Han Shu, tr. Tsunoda 1951:2), and «they either squat or kneel, with both hands on the ground. This is the way they show respect.» (Wei Zhi, tr. Tsunoda 1951:13). Koji Nakayama interprets wēi 逶 «winding» as «very far away» and euphemistically translates Wō 倭 as «separated from the continent.» The second etymology of wō 倭 meaning «dwarf, pygmy» has possible cognates in ǎi 矮 «low, short (of stature)», wō 踒 «strain; sprain; bent legs», and wò 臥 «lie down; crouch; sit (animals and birds)». Early Chinese dynastic histories refer to a Zhūrúguó 侏儒國 «pygmy/dwarf country» located south of Japan, associated with possibly Okinawa Island or the Ryukyu Islands. Carr cites the historical precedence of construing Wa as «submissive people» and the «Country of Dwarfs» legend as evidence that the «little people» etymology was a secondary development.
Chinese, Korean, and Japanese scribes regularly wrote Wa or Yamato «Japan» with the Chinese character 倭 until the 8th century, when the Japanese found fault with it due to its offensive connotation, replacing it with 和 «harmony, peace, balance». Retroactively, this character was adopted in Japan to refer to the country itself, often combined with the character 大 (literally meaning «Great»), so as to write the name as Yamato (大和) (Great Wa, in a manner similar to e.g. 大清帝國 Great Qing Empire, 大英帝國 Empire of Great Britain). However, the pronunciation Yamato cannot be formed from the sounds of its constituent characters; it refers to a place in Japan and, based on the specific spellings used in ancient documents (see also Man’yōgana and Old Japanese#Vowels), this may have originally meant «Mountain Place» (山処).[11]
[12]
[13] Such words which use certain kanji to name a certain Japanese word solely for the purpose of representing the word’s meaning regardless of the given kanji’s on’yomi or kun’yomi, a.k.a. jukujikun, is not uncommon in Japanese. Other original names in Chinese texts include Yamatai country (邪馬台国), where a Queen Himiko lived. When hi no moto, the indigenous Japanese way of saying «sun’s origin», was written in kanji, it was given the characters 日本. In time, these characters began to be read using Sino-Japanese readings, first Nippon and later Nihon, although the two names are interchangeable to this day.
Nippon appeared in history only at the end of the 7th century. The Old Book of Tang (舊唐書), one of the Twenty-Four Histories, stated that the Japanese envoy disliked his country’s name Woguo (Chinese) (倭國), and changed it to Nippon (Japanese; Mandarin Chinese: Rìběn, Toisan Cantonese: Ngìp Bāwn) (日本), or «Origin of the Sun». Another 8th-century chronicle, True Meaning of Shiji (史記正義), however, states that the Chinese Empress Wu Zetian ordered a Japanese envoy to change the country’s name to Nippon. It has been suggested that the name change in Japan may have taken place sometime between 665 and 703, and Wu Zetian then acceded to the name change in China following a request from a delegation from Japan in 703.[14] The sun plays an important role in Japanese mythology and religion as the emperor is said to be the direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu and the legitimacy of the ruling house rested on this divine appointment and descent from the chief deity of the predominant Shinto religion. The name of the country reflects this central importance of the sun. The association of the country with the sun was indicated in a letter sent in 607 and recorded in the official history of the Sui dynasty. Prince Shōtoku, the Regent of Japan, sent a mission to China with a letter in which he called the emperor of Japan (actually an empress at the time) «the Son of Heaven of the Land where the Sun rises» (日出處天子). The message said: «The Son of Heaven, in the land of the rising sun, sends this letter to the Son of Heaven of the land, where the sun sets, and wishes him well».[15][16]
The English word for Japan came to the West from early trade routes. The early Mandarin Chinese or possibly Wu Chinese word for Japan was recorded by Marco Polo as Cipangu.[5] In modern Toisanese (a language in the Yue Chinese subgroup), 日本 is pronounced as Ngìp Bāwn [ŋip˦˨ bɔn˥], which sounds nearly identical to Nippon.[17] The Malay and Indonesian words Jepang, Jipang, and Jepun were borrowed from non-Mandarin Chinese languages, and this Malay word was encountered by Portuguese traders in Malacca in the 16th century. It is thought the Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to Europe. It was first recorded in English in 1577 spelled Giapan.[6]
In English, the modern official title of the country is simply «Japan», one of the few countries to have no «long form» name. The official Japanese-language name is Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku (日本国), literally «State of Japan«.[18] From the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II, the full title of Japan was the «Empire of Great Japan» (大日本帝國 Dai Nippon Teikoku). A more poetic rendering of the name of Japan during this period was «Empire of the Sun.» The official name of the nation was changed after the adoption of the post-war constitution; the title «State of Japan» is sometimes used as a colloquial modern-day equivalent. As an adjective, the term «Dai-Nippon» remains popular with Japanese governmental, commercial, or social organizations whose reach extend beyond Japan’s geographic borders (e.g., Dai Nippon Printing, Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, etc.).
Though Nippon or Nihon are still by far the most popular names for Japan from within the country, recently the foreign words Japan and even Jipangu (from Cipangu, see below) have been used in Japanese mostly for the purpose of foreign branding.
Phonology[edit]
Portuguese missionaries arrived in Japan at the end of the 16th century. In the course of learning Japanese, they created several grammars and dictionaries of Middle Japanese. The 1603–1604 dictionary Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam contains two entries for Japan: nifon[19] and iippon.[20]
The title of the dictionary (Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) illustrates that the Portuguese word for Japan was by that time Iapam.
Nifon[edit]
Historically, Japanese /h/ has undergone a number of phonological changes. Originally *[p], this weakened into [ɸ] and eventually became the modern [h]. Modern /h/ is still pronounced [ɸ] when followed by /ɯ/.
Middle Japanese nifon becomes Modern Japanese nihon via regular phonological changes.[citation needed]
Jippon[edit]
Before modern styles of romanization, the Portuguese devised their own. In it, /zi/ is written as either ii or ji. In modern Hepburn style, iippon would be rendered as Jippon. There are no historical phonological changes to take into account here.
Etymologically, Jippon is similar to Nippon in that it is an alternative reading of 日本. The initial character 日 may also be read as /ziti/ or /zitu/. Compounded with /hoɴ/ (本), this regularly becomes Jippon.
Unlike the Nihon/Nippon doublet, there is no evidence for a *Jihon.
Nihon and Nippon[edit]
The Japanese name for Japan, 日本, can be pronounced either Nihon or Nippon. Both readings come from the on’yomi.
Meaning[edit]
日 (nichi) means «sun» or «day»; 本 (hon) means «base» or «origin». The compound means «origin of the sun» or «where the sun rises» (from a Chinese point of view, the sun rises from Japan); it is a source for the popular Western description of Japan as the «Land of the Rising Sun».
Nichi, in compounds, often loses the final chi and creates a slight pause between the first and second syllables of the compound. When romanised, this pause is represented by a doubling of the first consonant of the second syllable; thus nichi 日 plus kō 光 (light) is written and pronounced nikkō, meaning sunlight.
Evolution[edit]
Japanese 日 and 本 were historically pronounced niti (or jitu, reflecting a Late Middle Chinese pronunciation) and pon, respectively. In compounds, however, final voiceless stops (i.e. p, t, k) of the first word were unreleased in Middle Chinese, and the pronunciation of 日本 was thus Nippon or Jippon (with the adjacent consonants assimilating).
Historical sound change in Japanese has led to the modern pronunciations of the individual characters as nichi and hon. The pronunciation Nihon originated, possibly in the Kantō region, as a reintroduction of this independent pronunciation of 本 into the compound. This must have taken place during the Edo period, after another sound change occurred which would have resulted in this form becoming Niwon and later Nion.[citation needed]
Several attempts to choose a definitive official reading were rejected by the Japanese government, which declared both to be correct.[21]
Modern[edit]
While both pronunciations are correct, Nippon is frequently preferred for official purposes,[22] including money, stamps, and international sporting events, as well as the Nippon-koku, literally the «State of Japan» (日本国).
Other than this, there seem to be no fixed rules for choosing one pronunciation over the other, but in some cases, one form is simply more common. For example, Japanese-speakers generally call their language Nihongo; Nippongo, while possible,[23]
is rarely used. In other cases, uses are variable. The name for the Bank of Japan (日本銀行), for example, is given as NIPPON GINKO on banknotes but is often referred to, such as in the media, as Nihon Ginkō.[24]
Nippon is the form that is used usually or exclusively in the following constructions:[25]
- Nippon Yūbin, Nippon Yūsei (Japan Post Group)
- Ganbare Nippon! (A sporting cheer used at international sporting events, roughly, ‘do your best, Japan!’)
- Nipponbashi (日本橋) (a shopping district in Osaka)
- All Nippon Airways (Zen Nippon Kūyu)
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (Nippon Denshin Denwa)
- Nikon (Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō)
- Nippon Yusen
- Nippon Steel (Nippon Seitetsu)
- Nippon Professional Baseball (Nippon Yakyū Kikō)
- Nippon Animation
- Nippon Life Insurance
Nihon is used always or most often in the following constructions:[26]
- JR Higashi-Nihon (East Japan Railway, JR Group)
- Nihonbashi (日本橋) (a bridge in Tokyo)
- Nihon Daigaku (Nihon University)[27]
- Nihon-go (Japanese language)
- Nihon-jin (日本人) (Japanese people)[24]
- Nihon-kai (Sea of Japan)[28]
- Nihon Kōkū (Japan Airlines)
- Nihon-shoki (an old history book, never Nippon shoki)[29]
- Nihonshu (日本酒; meaning ‘Japanese wine’)
- Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei (全日本剣道連盟, abbreviated 全剣連 Zen Ken Ren), the Japanese Kendo Federation referred in English as All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF)
- The Nippon TV network is called Nihon Terebi in Japanese.
In 2016, element 113 on the periodic table was named nihonium to honor its discovery in 2004 by Japanese scientists at RIKEN.[30]
Jipangu[edit]
Another spelling, «Zipangri» (upper left), was used on a 1561 map by Sebastian Münster.[31]
As mentioned above, the English word Japan has a circuitous derivation; but linguists believe it derives in part from the Portuguese recording of the early Mandarin Chinese or Wu Chinese word for Japan: Cipan (日本), which is rendered in pinyin as Rìběn (IPA: ʐʅ˥˩pən˨˩˦), and literally translates to «sun origin». Guó (IPA: kuo˨˦) is Chinese for «realm» or «kingdom», so it could alternatively be rendered as Cipan-guo. The word was likely introduced to Portuguese through the Malay: Jipan.
Cipangu was first mentioned in Europe in the accounts of Marco Polo.[5] It appears for the first time on a European map with the Fra Mauro map in 1457, although it appears much earlier on Chinese and Korean maps such as the Gangnido. Following the accounts of Marco Polo, Cipangu was thought to be fabulously rich in silver and gold, which in Medieval times was largely correct, owing to the volcanism of the islands and the possibility to access precious ores without resorting to (unavailable) deep-mining technologies.
The modern Shanghainese pronunciation of Japan is Zeppen [zəʔpən]. In modern Japanese, Cipangu is transliterated as チパング which in turn can be transliterated into English as Chipangu, Jipangu, Zipangu, Jipang, or Zipang. Jipangu (ジパング (Zipangu)) as an obfuscated name for Japan has recently come into vogue for Japanese films, anime, video games, etc.
Other names[edit]
Classical[edit]
These names were invented after the introduction of Chinese into the language, and they show up in historical texts for prehistoric legendary dates and also in names of gods and Japanese emperors:
- Ōyashima (大八洲) meaning the Great Country of Eight (or Many) Islands,[32] Awaji, Iyo (later Shikoku), Oki, Tsukushi (later Kyūshū), Iki, Tsushima, Sado, and Yamato (later Honshū); note that Hokkaidō, Karafuto, Chishima, and Okinawa were not part of Japan in ancient times, as Aynu Mosir (the northern part of the archipelago) was inhabited by a non-Japanese group, the Ainu. The eight islands refers to the creation of the main eight islands of Japan by the gods Izanami and Izanagi in Japanese mythology as well as the fact that eight was a synonym for «many».
- Yashima (八島), «Eight (or Many) Islands»
- Fusō (扶桑), a mythical tree or a mysterious land located to the East of China. The term later became a poetic name of Japan.[33]
- Mizuho (瑞穂) refers to ears of grain, e.g. 瑞穗國 Mizuho-no-kuni «Country of Lush Ears (of Rice).» From Old Japanese midu > Japanese mizu («water; lushness, freshness, juiciness») + Old Japanese fo > Japanese ho («ear (of grain, especially rice)»).
- Shikishima (敷島) is written with Chinese characters that suggest a meaning «islands that one has spread/laid out,» but this name of Japan supposedly originates in the name of an area in Shiki District of Yamato Province in which some emperors of ancient Japan resided. The name of Shikishima (i.e. Shiki District) came to be used in Japanese poetry as an epithet for the province of Yamato (i.e. the ancient predecessor of Nara Prefecture), and was metonymically extended to refer to the entire island of Yamato (i.e. Honshū) and, eventually, to the entire territory of Japan. Note that the word shima, though generally meaning only «island» in Japanese, also means «area, zone, territory» in many languages of the Ryūkyū Islands.
- Akitsukuni (秋津國), Akitsushima (秋津島), Toyo-akitsushima (豐秋津島). According to the literal meanings of the Chinese characters used to transcribe these names of Japan, toyo means «abundant,» aki means «autumn,» tsu means «harbor,» shima means «island,» and kuni means «country, land.» In this context, -tsu may be interpreted to be a fossilized genitive case suffix, as in matsuge «eyelash» (< Japanese me «eye» + -tsu + Japanese ke «hair») or tokitsukaze «a timely wind, a favorable wind» (< Japanese toki «time» + -tsu + Japanese kaze «wind»). However, akitu or akidu are also archaic or dialectal Japanese words for «dragonfly,» so «Akitsushima» may be interpreted to mean 秋津島 (Dragonfly Island).[34] Another possible interpretation would take akitsu- to be identical with the akitsu- of akitsukami or akitsumikami («god incarnate, a manifest deity,» often used as an honorific epithet for the Emperor of Japan), perhaps with the sense of «the present land, the island(s) where we are at present.»
- Toyoashihara no mizuho no kuni (豐葦原の瑞穗の國). «Country of Lush Ears of Bountiful Reed Plain(s),» Ashihara no Nakatsukuni, «Central Land of Reed Plains,» «Country Amidst Reed Plain(s)» (葦原中國).
- Hinomoto (日の本). Simple kun reading of 日本.
The katakana transcription ジャパン (Japan) of the English word Japan is sometimes encountered in Japanese, for example in the names of organizations seeking to project an international image. Examples include ジャパンネット銀行 (Japan Netto Ginkō) (Japan Net Bank), ジャパンカップ (Japan Kappu) (Japan Cup), ワイヤレスジャパン (Waiyaresu Japan) (Wireless Japan), etc.
Dōngyáng (東洋) and Dōngyíng (東瀛) – both literally, «Eastern Ocean» – are Chinese terms sometimes used to refer to Japan exotically when contrasting it with other countries or regions in eastern Eurasia; however, these same terms may also be used to refer to all of East Asia when contrasting «the East» with «the West». The first term, Dōngyáng, has been considered to be a pejorative term when used to mean «Japan», while the second, Dōngyíng, has remained a positive poetic name. They can be contrasted with Nányáng (Southern Ocean), which refers to Southeast Asia, and Xīyáng (Western Ocean), which refers to the Western world. In Japanese and Korean, the Chinese word for «Eastern Ocean» (pronounced as tōyō in Japanese and as dongyang (동양) in Korean) is used only to refer to the Far East (including both East Asia and Southeast Asia) in general, and it is not used in the more specific Chinese sense of «Japan».
In China, Japan is called Rìběn, which is the Mandarin pronunciation for the characters 日本. The Cantonese pronunciation is Yahtbún [jɐt˨ pun˧˥], the Shanghainese pronunciation is Zeppen [zəʔpən], and the Hokkien pronunciation is Ji̍tpún / Li̍t-pún. This has influenced the Malay name for Japan, Jepun, and the Thai word Yipun (ญี่ปุ่น). The terms Jepang and Jipang, ultimately derived from Chinese, were previously used in both Malay and Indonesian, but are today confined primarily to the Indonesian language. The Japanese introduced Nippon and Dai Nippon into Indonesia during the Japanese Occupation (1942–1945) but the native Jepang remains more common. In Korean, Japan is called Ilbon (Hangeul: 일본, Hanja: 日本), which is the Korean pronunciation of the Sino-Korean name, and in Sino-Vietnamese, Japan is called Nhật Bản (also rendered as Nhựt Bổn). In Mongolian, Japan is called Yapon (Япон).
Ue-kok (倭國) is recorded for older Hokkien speakers.[35] In the past, Korea also used 倭國, pronounced Waeguk (왜국).
Notation on old European maps[edit]
These are historic names of Japan that were noted on old maps issued in Europe.
- CIPANGU, circa 1300[36]
- 「IAPAM」, circa 1560[37]
- ZIPANGNI, 1561[38]
- 「IAPAN」, circa 1567[39]
- 「JAPAN」, unknown first year.[40]
- IAPONIA, 1595[41]
- 「IAPAO」, 1628[42]
- 「IAPON」, unknown first year.[43]
- 「NIPHON」, circa 1694[44][1 1]
- 「JAPAM」, 1628[45]
- 「YAPAN」, 1628[46]
- HET KONINKRYK JAPAN, circa 1730[47]
- JAPANIÆ REGNVM, 1739[48]
Emoji[edit]
Unicode includes several character sequences that have been used to represent Japan graphically:
- U+1F5FE 🗾 SILHOUETTE OF JAPAN. Japan is the only country with a map representation in Unicode.
- 🇯🇵, a sequence of regional indicator symbols corresponding to JP that are often displayed as a flag of Japan.
Contemporary non-CJK names[edit]
These are the contemporary non-CJKV names for Japan in different languages.
Language | Contemporary name for Japan (romanization) |
---|---|
Albanian | Japoni |
Amharic | ጃፓን (japani) |
Arabic | اليابان (al-yābān) |
Armenian | ճապոնիա (Chaponia) |
Azerbaijani | Yaponiya |
Bengali | জাপান (Jāpān) |
Basque | Japonia |
Belarusian | Японія (Japonija) |
Bulgarian | Япония (Yaponiya) |
Catalan | Japó |
Cornish | Nihon |
Croatian | Japan |
Czech | Japonsko |
Danish | Japan |
Dutch | Japan |
English | Japan |
Filipino | Hapón (from Spanish, Japón) |
Finnish | Japani |
French | Japon |
Galician | O Xapón |
Georgian | იაპონია (iaponia) |
German | Japan |
Greek | Ιαπωνία (Iaponía) |
Hawaiian | Iapana |
Hebrew | יפן (Yapan) |
Hindi | जापान (jāpān) |
Hungarian | Japán |
Icelandic | Japan |
Indonesian | Jepang |
Irish | An tSeapáin |
Italian | Giappone |
Kannada | ಜಪಾನ್ (jāpān) |
Kazakh | Жапония (Japoniya) |
Khmer | ជប៉ុន (japon) |
Lithuanian | Japonija |
Malay | Jepun (جڤون) |
Malayalam | ജപ്പാൻ (jappān) |
Maltese | Ġappun |
Manx | Yn çhapaan |
Marathi | जपान (japān) |
Mongolian | Япон (Yapon) |
Persian | ژاپن (žāpon) |
Polish | Japonia |
Portuguese | Japão |
Quechua | Nihun |
Romanian | Japonia |
Russian | Япония (Yaponiya) |
Scottish Gaelic | Iapan |
Serbian | Јапан (Japan) |
Sinhala | ජපානය (Japanaya) |
Slovak | Japonsko |
Slovenian | Japonska |
Spanish | Japón |
Swedish | Japan |
Tamil | ஜப்பான் (Jappaan) |
Thai | ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn) |
Turkish | Japonya |
Ukrainian | Японія (Yaponiya) |
Urdu | جاپان (jāpān) |
Welsh | Japan (sometimes spelt Siapan) |
Xhosa | Japhan |
See also[edit]
- Japanese name (names of Japanese people)
- Japanese place names
- Little China (ideology)
- List of country-name etymologies
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Carr, Michael (1 March 1992). «Wa Wa Lexicography». International Journal of Lexicography. 5 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1093/ijl/5.1.1. ISSN 0950-3846.
- ^ «Wa: The Spirit of Harmony and Japanese Design Today | Concept, Works, and Catalogue». Japan Foundation. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- ^ «Why Japan is Japan? How Japan became Japan?». Retrieved January 29, 2017.
- ^ Fogel, Joshua A. (29 April 2015). The Cultural Dimensions of Sino-Japanese Relations: Essays on the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. ʊRoutledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-1317457671.
- ^ a b c «Cipangu’s landlocked isles». The Japan Times. 27 July 2008. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- ^ a b c The History of trauayle in the VVest and East Indies : and other countreys lying eyther way towardes the fruitfull and ryche Moluccaes. As Moscouia, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Aegypte, Ethiopia, Guinea, China in Cathayo, and Giapan: VVith a discourse of the Northwest passage. In the hande of our Lorde be all the corners of the earth, Richard Jugge, approximately 1514-1577, page 493
- ^ Doi (1980:463)
- ^ Doi (1980:363)
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). «Nihon» in Japan encyclopedia, p. 707., p. 707, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
- ^ Piggott, Joan R. (1997). The emergence of Japanese kingship. Stanford University Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 0-8047-2832-1.
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0; Yamato (大和・倭) entry available online here, yamato (大処) entry available online here
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, Yamato (大和・倭) entry available online here, yamato (山と) entry available online here
- ^ Fogel, Joshua A. (29 April 2015). The Cultural Dimensions of Sino-Japanese Relations: Essays on the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-1317457671.
- ^ June Teufel Dreyer (2016). Middle Kingdom and Empire of the Rising Sun: Sino-Japanese Relations, Past and Present. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0195375664.
- ^ Rachel Lung (2011). Interpreters in Early Imperial China. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 46. ISBN 978-9027224446. (cites Bielenstein 2005 page 102)
- ^ «Taishanese Language Home 台山话资源网». www.stephen-li.com. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
- ^ In Japanese, countries whose «long form» does not contain a designation such as republic or kingdom are generally given a name appended by the character 国 («country» or «nation»): for example, ドミニカ国 (Dominica), バハマ国 (Bahamas), and クウェート国 (Kuwait).
- ^ Doi (1980:463)
- ^ Doi (1980:363)
- ^ Nippon or Nihon? No consensus on Japanese pronunciation of Japan, Japan Today
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nippon» at p. 709., p. 709, at Google Books
- ^ Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Henshū Iin Kai, Shōgakukan Kokugo Daijiten Henshūbu (2002) [2000]. Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (2nd ed.). Shōgakukan.
- ^ a b Nussbaum, «Nihon Ginkō» at p. 708., p. 708, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nippon» passim at pp. 717., p. 717, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nihon» passim at pp. 707–711., p. 707, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nihon University (Nihon Daigaku)» at pp. 710–711., p. 710, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nihonjin» at pp. 708–709., p. 708, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, «Nihon shoki» at p. 710., p. 710, at Google Books
- ^ Richard Gonzales (2016-06-10). «Hello, Nihonium. Scientists Name 4 New Elements on the Periodic Table». Ww2.kqed.org. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
- ^ Forbes JD (2007). The American Discovery of Europe. University of Illinois Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780252091254.
- ^ Nussbaum, «Ō-ya-shima no Kuni» at p. 768., p. 768, at Google Books
- ^ Schafer, Edward H. (1989), «Fusang and Beyond: The Haunted Seas to Japan,» Journal of the American Oriental Society 109.3: 379, 394.
- ^ Nussbaum, «Akitsushima» at p. 20., p. 20, at Google Books
- ^ «www.chineselanguage.org message board». Chinalanguage.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ Marco Polo (27 July 2008). «Cipangu’s landlocked isles». The Japan Times. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- ^ «ハンティントン ライブラリー図書館所蔵「HM44」-2». Archived from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
- ^ Forbes JD (2007). The American Discovery of Europe. University of Illinois Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780252091254.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-3». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-4». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-6». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «カサ・ド・アルバ財団所蔵「1994:201」». Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-11». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-22». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «カサ・ド・アルバ財団所蔵「1994:243」». Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ «カサ・ド・アルバ財団所蔵「1994:197」». Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-29». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
- ^ «九州大学附属図書館所蔵「アジア図2」-31». Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
References[edit]
- Doi, Tadao (1980) [1603]. Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-080021-3.
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric; Käthe Roth (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- ^ In the novel «Moby-Dick; or, The Whale» published in October 1851, the notation «Niphon» appears when checking nautical charts.
What Are the Top 100 Basic Japanese Words? Have you learned hiragana and katakana? Now you can step up your Japanese learning game by taking on some basic Japanese words and vocabulary.
We have selected the top 100 Basic Japanese words you need to know and sorted them into 8 lists. If you think you’ve mastered them, head to our top 101 basic Japanese adverbs to make your conversation more interesting and dynamic.
This blog is meant to help you learn the words so that you can try to form basic Japanese sentences with these basic Japanese words.
Greetings
People
Numbers
Months
Days of Weeks & Times in a Day
Adjectives
Verbs
Food
Greetings
Basic Japanese Words for Greetings
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
おはようございます | Ohayou gozaimasu | Good morning |
こんにちは | Konnichiwa | Hello/ good afternoon |
こんばんは | Konbanwa | Good evening |
おやすみなさい | Oyasuminasai | Goodnight |
ありがとうございます | Arigatou gozaimasu | Thank you |
すみません | Sumimasen | Excuse me/ sorry |
ごめんなさい | Gomennasai | Sorry |
はい | Hai | Yes |
いいえ | Iie | No |
People
Basic Japanese Words for People
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
わたし | Watashi | I/me |
あなた | Anata | You |
お母さん | おかあさん Okaasan | Mother |
お父さん | おとうさん Otousan | Father |
お爺さん | おじいさん Ojiisan | Grandfather |
お婆さん | おばあさん Obaasan | Grandmother |
おじさん | Ojisan | Uncle |
おばさん | Obasan | Aunt |
お兄さん | おにいさん Oniisan | Older brother |
お姉さん | おねえさん Oneesan | Older sister |
弟 | おとうと Otouto | Younger brother |
妹 | いもうと Imouto | Younger sister |
Basic Japanese Numbers
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
一 | いち Ichi | One |
二 | に Ni | Two |
三 | さん San | Three |
四 | し/よん Shi/yon | Four |
五 | ご Go | Five |
六 | ろく Roku | Six |
七 | しち/なな Shichi/nana | Seven |
八 | はち Hachi | Eight |
九 | きゅう Kyuu | Nine |
十 | じゅう Juu | Ten |
Months
Months
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
一月 | いちがつ Ichigatsu | January |
二月 | にがつ Nigatsu | February |
三月 | さんがつ Sangatsu | March |
四月 | しがつ Shigatsu | April |
五月 | ごがつ Gogatsu | May |
六月 | ろくがつ Rokugatsu | June |
七月 | しちがつ Shichigatsu | July |
八月 | はちがつ Hachigatsu | August |
九月 | くがつ Kugatsu | September |
十月 | じゅうがつ Juugatsu | October |
十一月 | じゅういちがつ Juuichigatsu | November |
十二月 | じゅうにがつ Juunigatsu | December |
Days of the Week
Days of the Week & Times of the Day
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
月曜日 | げつようび Getsuyoubi | Monday |
火曜日 | かようび Kayoubi | Tuesday |
水曜日 | すいようび Suiyoubi | Wednesday |
木曜日 | もくようび Mokuyoubi | Thursday |
金曜日 | きんようび Kinyoubi | Friday |
土曜日 | どようび Doyoubi | Saturday |
日曜日 | にちようび Nichiyoubi | Sunday |
昨日 | きのう Kinou | Yesterday |
今日 | きょう Kyou | Today |
明日 | あした Ashita | Tomorrow |
朝 | あさ Asa | Morning |
昼 | ひる Hiru | Noon |
夕方 | ゆうがた Yuugata | Evening |
夜 | よる Yoru | Night |
Adjectives
Adjectives
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
楽しい | たのしい Tanoshii | Happy |
悲しい | かなしい Kanashii | Sad |
高い | たかい Takai | High/expensive |
低い | ひくい Hikui | Low |
安い | やすい Yasui | Cheap |
早い | はやい Hayai | Fast/early |
遅い | おそい Osoi | Slow |
忙しい | いそがしい Isogashii | Busy |
美味しい | おいしい Oishii | Delicious |
不味い | まずい Mazui | Awful |
甘い | あまい Amai | Sweet |
塩っぱい | しょっぱい Shoppai | Salty |
酸っぱい | すっぱい Suppai | Sour |
苦い | にがい Nigai | Bitter |
辛い | からい Karai | Hot/ spicy |
熱い | あつい Atsui | Hot |
暖かい | あたたかい Atatakai | Warm |
冷たい | つめたい Tsumetai | Cold |
明るい | あかるい Akarui | Bright |
暗い | くらい Kurai | Dark |
Verbs
Verbs
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
する | Suru | To do |
見る | みる Miru | To see |
聞く | きく Kiku | To listen |
話す | はなす Hanasu | To talk/speak |
言う | いう Iu | To say |
書く | かく Kaku | To write |
食べる | たべる Taberu | To eat |
飲む | のむ Nomu | To drink |
歩く | あるく Aruku | To walk |
走る | はしる Hashiru | To run |
座る | すわる Suwaru | To sit |
立つ | たつ Tatsu | To stand |
Food
Food
Japanese | Pronunciation | Meaning |
食べ物 | たべもの Tabemono | Food |
飲み物 | のみもの Nomimono | Drinks |
ご飯 | ごはん Gohan | Rice/meal |
水 | みず Mizu | Water/cold water |
お湯 | おゆ Oyu | Hot water |
肉 | にく Niku | Meat |
野菜 | やさい Yasai | Vegetable |
魚 | さかな Sakana | Fish |
ラーメン | Ra-men | Ramen |
寿司 | すし Sushi | Sushi |
おにぎり | Onigiri | Onigiri |
For the next step after learning these basic Japanese words, equip yourself with basic Japanese grammar.
If you wish to have a short-term study in Tokyo, Check out our 3-month intensive Japanese courses. Also, feel free to send us an inquiry if you have any questions!
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By
Last updated:
March 16, 2023
With these 250 essential Japanese words and phrases, you’ll be prepared for any situation.
The Japanese language might take years to master, but what if you need to get through a conversation right now? Start by learning these everyday conversational words and crucial survival phrases. The rest will follow.
And you can just click on a word or phrase to hear its pronunciation.
Contents
- Greetings and Starters
- Basic Conversation
- Saying Yes and No
- Saying “I Don’t Understand”
- Please, Thank You and Apologies
- Saying Goodbye
- Travel Vocabulary
- Basic Question Words
- Japanese Pronouns
- Phrases for Dining
- Phrases for Social Gatherings
- Phrases for Home
- Shopping in Japanese
- Phrases for Casual Conversations
- Japanese Slang
Download:
This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
can take anywhere.
Click here to get a copy. (Download)
Greetings and Starters
ohayou gozaimasu: おはようございます — Good morning
The casual version is ohayou (おはよう ). In a workplace, someone greeting a colleague for the first time that day might use this phrase even if the clock reads 7 p.m.
konnichiwa: こんにちは — Hello / good afternoon
Konnichiwa can be used any time of day as a general greeting, but it’s most commonly used between 11 a.m. and 5 p.m.
hisashiburi: 久しぶり — It’s been a while
Basic Conversation
o namae wa nan desu ka?: お名前は何ですか? — What’s your name?
This is a polite way to ask someone for their name. The more informal version is O namae wa? (おなまえは? ) — Your name is…?
… desu: …です — I am … / It is …
It’s easiest to think of desu like the English word “to be.” Unlike “to be,” desu stays the same regardless of the subject.
For example:
- Tomu desu (トムです ) — I’m Tom
- Atsui desu (暑い です ) — It’s hot/I’m hot
- Osoi desu (おそいです ) — You’re late!
watashi wa … desu: 私は…です — I am …
This is a longer version of the previous phrase. You also use this to say your name:
Watashi wa Pouru desu.
私はポールです。
I am Paul.
But this sentence pattern can also be used for any adjectives. For example:
- samui (寒い ) — Cold
- ureshii (嬉しい ) — Happy
- nemui (眠い ) — Sleepy
watashi wa … karakimashita: 私は… から来ました — I’m from …
Simply use this to describe what country you’re from. Here’s a list of some countries in Japanese:
- Igirisu (イギリス ) — United Kingdom
- Amerika (アメリカ ) — United States of America
- Ousutoraria (オーストラリア ) — Australia
- Doitsu (ドイツ ) — Germany
- Chuugoku (中国 ) — China
- Kangoku (韓国 ) — Korea
Many others are almost identical in Japanese, such as:
- Kanada (カナダ ) — Canada
- Furansu (フランス ) — France
- Supein (スペイン ) — Spain
If you don’t know how to say your country’s name, say it in English—chances are, people will understand where you mean.
suki desu: 好きです — I like it
You can say what you like by adding … ga suki desu (が好きです ). For example:
Okashi ga suki desu.
お菓子が好きです。
I like sweets.
ii desu yo: いいですよ — It’s good
You’ll often also hear ii yo (いいよ ), especially from women/girls.
suki dewa arimasen: 好きではありません — I don’t like it
dame desu: ダメです — It’s no good
In more casual conversation, you can also say just dame (だめ ) or dame da (だめだ).
takusan: たくさん — A lot
Takusan is similar to ooi (多い ). The main difference is that takusan can function as a noun, adjective or adverb, while ooi is only an adjective. For example:
Kooen ni hana ga takusan arimasu.
公園に花がたくさんあります。
There are lots of flowers in the park.
sukoshi: 少し — A little
Here’s an example of it in use:
Koohii ni sato wo sukoshi onegaishimasu.
コーヒーにさとをすこしお願いします。
A little sugar in my coffee, please.
ima nanji desu ka?: 今何時ですか? — What time is it?
In casual situations, saying Ima nanji? (今何時 ) will work just fine.
… ji desu: …時です — It’s … o’clock
This plus a number is all you need to tell the time! For example:
Ichiji desu.
一時です。
It’s 1 o’clock.
nihongo de hanashimashou: 日本語で話しましょう — Let’s talk in Japanese
Saying Yes and No
hai: はい — Yes
Another way to say “yes” is with non-verbal cues like nodding your head up and down or giving a thumbs up.
soudesuka: そうですか — That is right
Saying this while nodding is a polite way to show that you’re paying attention when someone tells you something new. You can also use soka そっか, soudane そうだね or soune そうね for variety. These are less formal, but generally acceptable and certainly not rude.
sou desu: そうです — That’s right
You can also say hai, sou desu (はい ,そうです ) — Yes, that’s right. However, the hai is implied and you can leave it off.
sou: そう — That’s right (informal)
un: うん / aa: ああ / ee: ええ
The Japanese use aizuchi (相槌 ), which are simple words or gestures that all mean “yes,” to indicate you’re listening. They don’t have a strict “definition,” but are similar to saying “uh-huh” or “mm-hm” in English.
mochiron: もちろん — Of course
ii desu yo: いいですよ — Okay
This literally means “That’s good!” and as such can be used to show your approval of something.
iie: いいえ — no
This is the no-nonsense way to say “no.” However, Japanese culture prefers less direct approaches.
There are also several non-verbal ways to express “no.” Rubbing the back of the neck, making an “X” with both arms or even taking in a deep breath all mean “no.”
uun: ううん
This is a sound that indicated you don’t quite agree, similar to saying “Umm…” in English.
iya: いやー
Whether this interjection is being used to mean “no” depends on the context. If you suggest dinner and someone responds with iya…, then their response is a non-committal “Well, you see…”
dame: だめ — It’s no good / You can’t do that
This is a fairly assertive way to say no. It’s saying that something is pointless or shouldn’t be done. This is one to use when someone is doing something you don’t want them to do, or if you’re trying to accomplish something that seems like it won’t work.
chotto…: ちょっと… — A little…
If you use chotto, remember to trail off at the end, as you’re basically saying, “It’s a little…” For instance, if someone asks what you’re doing tomorrow afternoon with the aim to meet up, you can respond “Chotto…” to mean that tomorrow afternoon’s not an ideal time for you.
In business settings, two simple phrases to convey “no” without saying “no” are:
muzukashii desu: 難しいです — It’s difficult
kangaete okimasu: 考えておきます — I’ll think about it
While not outright saying “no,” they express a refusal to the listener without sounding impolite.
Saying “I Don’t Understand”
wakarimasen: 分かりません — I don’t understand
If you’re around friends, you can use the casual variant, wakaranai (わからない ).
mou ichido itte kudasai: もう一度言ってください — Please say that again
yukkuri onegai shimasu: ゆっくりお願いします — Slowly, please
kikoemasen deshita: 聞こえませんでした — I didn’t hear that
mou ichido itte kudasai: もう一度言ってください — Please say it again
Please, Thank You and Apologies
arigatou gozaimasu: ありがとうございます — Thank you
The friendlier, more casual way to say thanks is arigatou (ありがとう ). You’ll also see its abbreviation, ari (あり ), pretty often on Japanese message boards. A friend might just thank you with doumo (どうも ).
iroiro arigatou gozaimashita: 色々ありがとうございました — Thank you for everything
douitashimashite: どういたしまして — You’re welcome
Although this is technically the correct response to “Thank you,” it’s rarely used these days in casual Japanese conversation. The following phrase is much more common.
mondai nai desu: 問題ないです — No problem
kudasai: ください — Please (requesting)
The word kudasai is used when making requests, as in these examples:
Isoide kudasai.
急いでください。
Please hurry.
Koohii o kudasai?
コーヒーをください?
Can I please have a coffee?
douzo: どうぞ — Please (offering)
Using douzo is like saying, “Please go ahead.” You can use it when ushering someone through the door before you, or offering a coworker some delicious snacks, for example.
otsukaresama desu: お疲れ様です — Thank you for your efforts
This expression is often said as a parting sentiment when you, or someone else, finishes their work. You can think of it as saying, “That’s a wrap for the day.”
shitsurei shimasu: 失礼します — Excuse me (for my rudeness)
Another expression commonly heard in the office, shitsurei shimasu is used when you’re leaving a room. It’s similar to saying, “Sorry to have bothered you.” You can also end a formal or polite phone call with this phrase.
sumimasen: すみません — Excuse me, I’m sorry
Sumimasen is often used to say “Excuse me” (like if you need help getting directions ) and “Sorry” (like when you accidentally nudge someone). It can also be said as a “thank you” when you’ve troubled someone (Think: “Thanks for letting me put you out”).
gomen nasai: ごめんなさい — I’m sorry
In casual situations and among family members and friends, gomen nasai replaces sumimasen when saying sorry.
gomen: ごめん — I’m sorry
You can use this less formal expression among those who are close to you.
Saying Goodbye
jaa, mata!: じゃあ、また! / mata ne: またね — See you!
You can use dewa mata (ではまた ) for a slightly more formal expression. There’s also jaa ne (じゃあね ), and then jaa mata ashita ne (じゃまた明日ね ) — see you tomorrow.
o genki de: お元気で — Take care
If “see you” is a little too casual for you, then you can say o genki de instead. This literally means “be healthy” and can be used to say, “Good luck!”
meado o oshiete moraemasu ka?: メアドを教えてもらえますか? — Could I have your e-mail address?
If that’s a little too long to memorize, you can ask:
Meruado o oshiete?
メルアドを教えて?
Can I get your e-mail address? (Literally, “Teach me your email?”)
tegami kaku yo: 手紙書くよ — I’ll write you letters
tsuitara, denwa shimasu/meeru shimasu: 着いたら、電話します / メールします — I’ll call/email you when I arrive
mata sugu ni kimasu yo: またすぐに来ますよ — I’ll be back soon
asobi ni kite kudasai ne: 遊びに来てくださいね — Come visit me
watashi no ie dewa, itsumo anata o kangei shimasu yo!: わたしの家でわ, いつもあなたを感じますよ! — You’re always welcome in my home!
Travel Vocabulary
These handy phrases will give you what you need to get around Japan and, in case of an emergency, ask for help.
sumimasen, chikatetsu / eki wa doko desu ka: すみません、地下鉄 / 駅はどこですか? — Excuse me, where’s the subway/station?
kono densha wa … eki ni tomarimasu ka?: この電車は… 駅に止まりますか? — Does this train stop at … station?
kono basu wa … ni ikimasu ka?: このバスは…にいきますか? — Does this bus go to … ?
takushi nori ba wa dokodesu ka?: タクシーのりばはどこですか? — Where is the taxi platform?
… made tsureteitte kudasai: …まで連れて行ってください — Please take me to …
Use this phrase to tell the taxi driver where you want to go.
yoyaku wo shitainodesuga: 予約をしたいのですが — I’d like to make a reservation.
yoyaku shiteimasu: 予約しています — I have a reservation.
chekkuauto wa nanji desu ka?: チェックアウトは何時ですか? — What time is checkout?
michi ni mayotte shimaimashita: 道に迷ってしまいました — I’m lost.
tasukete!: たすけて! — Help! (for emergencies)
tetsudatte kuremasen ka?: てつだってくれませんか? — Can you help me? (for everyday situations)
keisatsu / kyuukyuusha wo yondekudasai: 警察 / 救急車を呼んでください — Please call the police / an ambulance.
Here’s a useful note: the emergency numbers in Japan are 119 for an ambulance and 110 for the police.
Basic Question Words
Knowing some of the essential Japanese question words will go a long way toward getting your questions across to Japanese speakers.
nani: 何 — What
Nani can be used alone or in a sentence. When placed before desu, the word nani drops its -i and becomes nan. For example:
Kore wa nan desu ka?
これは何ですか?
What is this?
doko: どこ — Where
Doko is used when asking for a location, like this:
Toire wa doko desu ka?
トイレはどこですか ?
Where is the toilet?
If you don’t know the word for the place you’re looking for, another helpful option is pointing to it on a map and asking:
Doko desu ka?
どこですか ?
Where is it?
dare: 誰 — Who
If you’re referring to a specific person, add it before dare:
Kanojo wa dare desu ka?
彼女は誰ですか?
Who is she?
itsu: いつ — When
doushite: どうして — Why
If you need to ask politely, say it as Doushite desu ka? (どうしてですか?). If you’re with friends or family, you can use the casual form nande (何で ) instead.
naze: なぜ — Why
This is pretty similar to doushite, but a bit more formal. Naze is also used to ask the reason behind something, while doushite has a nuance of “how” to it.
ikura: いくら — How much
ikutsu: いくつ — How many
This is a general word to ask “how much” or “how many” of a numerical amount. For example:
Okashi wa ikutsu hoshii desu ka?
おかしはいくつ星いですか?
How many snacks do you want?
It can also be used to ask someone’s age:
Oikutsu desu ka?
おいくつですか?
How old are you?
nan …: 何… — How many
Nan is a more specific way of asking how much of something there is. It works by combining nan with a counter, such as:
- nanbon (何本 ) — How many long cylindrical objects?
- nannin (何人 ) — How many people?
- nanmai (何枚 ) — How many sheets?
To learn more about how to talk about quantities, check out our post about Japanese counting and numbers.
dochira: どちら — Which one (out of two)?
dore: どれ — Which one (out of many)?
Japanese Pronouns
Japanese has a wide variety of pronouns you can use, helping you make your sentences more direct when you’re referring to yourself, your friend or your friend’s boyfriend.
watashi: 私 — I (all genders)
Watashi is the go-to in polite situations. It’s sometimes pronounced watakushi (私) for extra formality, and some female speakers may shorten it to atashi (私) in casual settings.
boku: 僕 — I (usually male)
Boku is mostly used by men and boys when they’re among friends. Nowadays, some girls use boku, as well, which gives off an air of tomboyish-ness.
ore: 俺 — I (male)
While boku is sometimes used by girls, ore is an exclusively male pronoun. It gives off a bit of a rough image, so it’s only used among close friends in casual situations.
jibun: 自分 — Myself / yourself / themselves
Jibun is used to refer to a sense of self. It can also take a variety of forms, like jibun no (自分の ) — one’s own (something), and jibun de (自分で ) — by yourself. It’s also a more polite way of referring to someone else.
anata: あなた — You
Anata translates to “you,” but it’s not used in the way it’s used in English. Most of the time, Japanese omits “you” altogether, favoring a person’s name instead. This form can be used as a term of endearment between couples.
kimi: 君 — You
Kimi is largely used to talk to someone of lower status than yourself, such as a boss talking to their employees. It’s also used to add some pizzazz to writing, such as in the hit movie “Kimi no na wa” (君のなわ ) — Your Name.
kare: 彼 — He / him
While the Japanese language does favor using a person’s name over second or third person pronouns, using kare is perfectly okay. Plus, kare can be used to refer to someone’s boyfriend.
kanojo: 彼女 — She / her
Same as kare, but for women. In the same way as kare, kanojo can also be used to refer to a girlfriend!
tachi: …たち — “… and company” (pluralizes pronouns)
To turn a pronoun into a plural, just add -tachi. For example:
- watashi tachi (私たち ) — We
- kimi tachi (君たち ) — You (plural)
- kanojo tachi (彼女たち ) — A group of women
- Sasuke tachi (サスケたち ) — Sasuke and his friends
kore: これ — This
Used to refer to something close to the speaker.
sore: それ — That
Used to refer to something close to the listener.
are: あれ — That (over there)
Used to refer to something far from both the speaker and the listener.
Phrases for Dining
Okay, now that we’ve gotten the formalities out of the way, it’s time to talk about what’s really important: food!
onaka ga suite imasu: お腹が空いてます — I’m hungry
This literally means your stomach has become empty. Some variations are:
- onaka ga suita (お腹が空いた ), informal
- onaka ga hetta (お腹が減った ), informal, often interchanged with onaka ga suita
- hara hetta (はらへった ), masculine
- onaka ga pekopeko (お腹がぺこぺこ ), onomatopoeia that means your stomach is growling
mada tabete imasen: まだ食べていません — I haven’t eaten yet
For a more casual version, go ahead and say mada tabeteinai (まだ食べていない ).
menyuu, onegai shimasu: メニュー、お願いします — Please bring me a menu
You can also opt for the more formal version:
Menyuu, onegai dekimasu ka?
メニュー、お願いできますか?
May I have the menu?
sore wa nan desu ka?: それは何ですか? — What’s that?
kore o tabete mitai desu: これを食べてみたいです — I’d like to try this
… o kudasai: …をください — I’d like …
State whatever you’d like to order, and follow it with … o kudasai. For example:
Koohii o kudasai.
コーヒーをください?
I’d like a coffee, please.
… ga arimasu ka?: …がありますか? — Do you have … ?
As a reply, you’ll simply hear arimasu ( あります).
… tsuki desu ka: …付きですか? — Does it come with … ?
If you want to know if certain foods are included with your order, use this to ask. For example:
Furaido poteto tsuki desu ka?
フライドポテト付きですか?
Does it come with fries?
… ga taberaremasen: …が食べられません — I can’t eat …
This is a good phrase to learn for vegetarians, vegans and other people with dietary restrictions. For example, niku (肉 ) is “meat” and sakana (魚 ) is “fish.” So if you’re on a strict veg diet, you can say:
Niku to sakana ga taberaremasen.
肉と魚が食べられません。
I can’t eat meat and fish.
… arerugii ga arimasu: …アレルギーがあります — I’m allergic to …
State whatever you’re allergic to and add this phrase to the end. Just to be safe rather than sorry, you can ask: … ga haitte imasu ka? (が入っています か?) which means, “Are / Is there any … in it?” For example:
Tamago ga haitte imasu ka?
卵が入っていますか?
Are there any eggs in it?
oishii desu!: おいしいです! — It’s delicious!
If you’re eyeballing a slice of cake, then oishisou (美味しそう ), meaning “It looks delicious,” could be useful. A casual and “manly” way to say something is delicious is umai (上手い ).
mazui desu: まずいです — It’s terrible
onaka ga ippai desu: お腹が一杯です — I’m full
okawari: おかわり — Another serving, please
hai, onegaishimasu: はい、お願いします — Yes, please (when offered food)
iie, kekkoudesu: いいえ、結構です — I’m fine, thank you (when offered food)
itadakimasu: いただきます — Let’s dig in
This is used before digging into your meal, similar to “Bon appétit.”
okanjou / okaikei, onegai shimasu: お勘定 / お会計、お願いします — Check, please
warikan ni shite kudasai: 割り勘にしてください — Split the check, please
betsubetsu de onegaishimasu: 別別でお願いします — We’ll pay separately, please
gochisousama deshita: ごちそうさまでした — Thanks for the meal
Like itadakimasu, this phrase is a fixture at every meal. You say this when the meal is finished.
Phrases for Social Gatherings
Show your friends and colleagues you know how to have fun with these phrases during social gatherings.
tabemashou: 食べましょう — Let’s eat
When planning a fun day out with friends, there are a few casual phrases to use when discussing plans. If you decide to have lunch, state tabemashou!
nomimashou: 飲みましょう — Let’s drink
You can also suggest grabbing a drink by using this phrase.
ikimashou: 行きましょう — Let’s go
Once your plans are decided, it’s time to head out by saying this phrase.
yatta!: やったー! — Yay!
kanpai!: 乾杯! — Cheers!
Once the party has begun, it’s essential to clink your glasses together and say kanpai! You say this phrase before drinking, not after.
ureshii desu: 嬉しいです — I’m happy
okawari o kudasai: お代わりをください — Refill, please
daijoubu desu: 大丈夫です — I’m fine – This is a polite way to respectfully say “no,” such as when you’re done drinking for the night.
Phrases for Home
tadaima: ただいま — I’m back
Everyone says this when they arrive home. If you go out, say this when you get back to let everyone know you’ve arrived home safely. If you want to, you can also say it when coming back from the bathroom; it tends to go down well.
okaeri nasai: おかえりなさい — Welcome back
This is said in response to tadaima. You can use this when someone else gets home, like when a parent returns from work or when a sibling gets back from cram school.
ofuro ni haitte mo ii desu ka?: お風呂に入ってもいいですか? — May I take a bath?
In Japan, most families take a bath every night, and if you’re staying somewhere like with a host family, you’ll be welcome to have one too if you ask.
If you’d prefer to take a shower (I did), you can just replace the word ofuru (お風呂 ) — bath with shawaa (シャワー ) — shower. Just make sure you don’t throw the bath water out when you’re done, as the family shares the hot water.
oyasumi nasai: おやすみなさい — Good night
You can also leave off the -nasai to make it less formal.
Shopping in Japanese
With the streets brimming with food stalls and vendors, the high-end boutiques lining Ginza and the ultra-cool and unique souvenir shops, there’s no way to avoid shopping while traveling through Japan.
irasshaimase: いらっしゃいませ — Welcome
You will hear a chorus of irasshaimase! when you enter a shop.
kore wa nan desu ka?: これは何ですか? — What is this?
kore wa nan to iu mono desu ka?: これは何というものですか? — What’s this called?
kore wa ikura desu ka?: これはいくらですか? — How much is this?
chotto takai desu: ちょっと高いです — It’s a bit expensive
If you haven’t started your adventure of learning Japanese adjectives, then here’s some essential shopping vocabulary:
- yasui (安い ) — Cheap, easy
- takai (高い ) — Expensive, high
- takakunai (高くない ) — Inexpensive
hoka no iro ga arimasu ka?: 他の色がありますか? — Do you have another color?
sore o itadakimasu: それを頂きます — I’ll take it
kurejitto kaado wa tsukaemasu ka?: クレジットカードは使えますか? — Can I use my credit card?
If you’d like to use a traveler’s check, then replace kurejitto kaado with: toraberaazu chekku (トラベラーズチェック ) — traveler’s check.
Your Suica and Pasmo cards, which are rechargeable cards you can use on Japanese trains, can also be used to pay for taxis or your groceries at select stores. You can ask:
Suika wa tsukaemasu ka?
スイカわつかえますか?
Can I use my Suica?
tsutsunde itadakemasu ka?: 包んでいただけますか? — Can I have it gift-wrapped?
Phrases for Casual Conversations
Want to sound like a native when you know minimal Japanese? There are a few common phrases you can use with friends in casual conversations.
yoroshiku onegaishimasu: よろしくお願いします — Nice to meet you (formal)
yoroshiku ne: よろしくね — Nice to meet you (casual)
doushita no?: どうしたの? — What’s wrong?
yabai: やばい — Awful or cool
While talking, your friend may mention they have an important test or date. Use yabai and depending on the context, it can mean “Awful” or “Cool.”
yokatta: 良かった (よかった) — Good, excellent, nice
This is an expression of relief, a bit like, “Oh, thank goodness!”
ganbatte: 頑張って — Do your best
This simple word means either “Good luck” or “Do your best.” In more formal situations, you’d say Ganbatte kudasai (頑張ってください ).
omedetou!: おめでとう! — Congrats!
The formal variant is Omedetou gozaimasu (おめでとうございます ) — Congratulations.
zenzen: 全然 (ぜんぜん) — Not at all (with neg. verb)
In a nutshell, zenzen is the Japanese phrase of denial. It can be used either sincerely or not, such as when answering your mother when she asks, “Am I bothering you?”
maji de?: マジで? — Really?
You can express your surprise with this casual phrase.
hontou?: 本当? (ほんとう?) — Really? / Seriously?
This word translates literally to “truth, reality, actuality, fact.” In question form, it comes across more like a surprised, “Are you serious?”
uso!: うそー! — No way!
This is another way to express surprise, which literally means “Lie!”
yappari: やっぱり — As expected
If you’re not surprised, you can use this word to say, “I knew it!”
Japanese Slang
When you’re making friends, you’ll hear tons of these terms going back and forth. Many slang terms are written in katakana, which marks them as being casual words.
ukeru: ウケる — Funny, hilarious
Say your friend made a great joke—by saying ukeru, you’ll let him know he struck your funny bone.
chou: 超 — Super
This word is used to add emphasis, like the words “really” or “very.” You could say, for example, that something is chou ukeru (超ウケる ), or very funny.
dasai: ださい — Uncool
kimoi: キモい — Gross
Kimoi is a contraction of the words kimochi (気持ち ) — feeling, and warui (悪い ) — bad.
gachi: ガチ — Totally, really, seriously
Gachi implies that something actually took place, or was really as intense as the speaker claims.
hanpa nai: 半端ない — Crazy, insane
Hanpa nai means that something is awesome or insane, but in a good way, like an epic roller coaster ride.
As you can see, context matters a lot in Japanese. To get comfortable with conversational phrases faster, try watching Japanese movies, TV shows or vlogs and look out for the expressions above—they’re very common!
FluentU is a Japanese learning app that uses real Japanese media clips, helping you learn useful phrases in context. These videos also have interactive subtitles and vocabulary lists to show you how native speakers naturally use the phrases above in conversation.
And there you have it! With these phrases and some core vocabulary, you’ll be able to make small talk with new friends, or show others that you’re sincerely interested in learning Japanese.
Just by incorporating a few of these phrases into daily life or conversation, you’ll soon be sure to hear nihongo ga jouzu desu ne! (日本語が上手ですね ) — You’re good at speaking Japanese!
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There are many reasons why you may have decided to study Japanese. Although many believe that this is one of the most challenging languages to study, you can finally achieve your goal easily and learn Japanese quickly.
If you are committed to learning Japanese, you should follow a well-structured strategy. First of all, you need a list of all the Japanese words that you wish to memorise.
Research highlight that studying the first 1000 most used words of the foreign language of your choice will help you familiarize with about 80% of vocabulary in oral speech. The first step to achieve this result is to start from basic Japanese vocabulary or from Speechling Foundations that also collect the popular words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, numbers, and calendar) for each language on the platform, inclouding Japanese. You can start from our list of the top 100 Japanese words for beginners.
Basic Words for Learning Japanese
- 本 (hon) — Book
- ベッド (beddo) – Bed
- 誕生日 (tanjōby) – Birthday
- 時計 (tokei) – Watch, clock
- 名前 (namae) – Name
- きれい (kirei) – Beautiful
- 黒い (kuroi) – Black
- 白い (shiroi) — White
- 英語 (eigo) – English (language)
- 大学 (daigaku) – University
- 電話 (denwa) – Telephone
- バス (basu) – Bus
- 猫 (neko) – Cat
- 犬 (inu) – Dog
- コンピュータ (konpiūta) – Computer
- 服 (fuku) – Clothes
Basic Japanese Food Vocabulary
- コーヒー (kohi) – Coffee
- パン (pan) – Bread
- ビール (biru) – Beer
- 昼ご飯 (hirogohan) — Lunch
- 夕食 (yūshoku) – Dinner
- 食べ物 (tabemono) – Food
- 飲み物 (nomi mono) – Beverage
- 果物 (kudamono) — Fruit
Basic Japanese Words for People
- 男の子 (otoko no ko) – Boy
- 女の子 (onna no ko) – Girl
- 子供 (kodomo) – Child
- 母 (haha) – Mother
- 父 (chichi) – Father
- 友達 (tomodachi) – Friend
- 学生 (kagusei) – Student
- 先生 (sensei) – Teacher
Basic Japanese Nature Words
- 川 (kawa) – River
- 花 (hana) – Flower
- 魚 (sakana) – Fish
- 空 (sora) — Sky
- 山 (yama) – Mountain
- 雨 (ame) — Rain
Basic Japanese Words for Saying Time
- 今 (ima) – Now
- 今日 (kyou) – Today
- 昨日 (kinou) – Yesterday
- 明日 (asita) – Tomorrow
- 毎日 (mai nichi) – Every day
- 毎週 (maishū) – Every week
- 午前 (gozen)* — Morning
- 午後 (gogo) – Afternoon
- 月曜日 (getsuyoubi) – Monday
- 火曜日 (kayoubi) – Tuesday
- 水曜日 (suiyoubi) – Wednesday
- 木曜日 ( mokuyoubi) – Thursday
- 金曜日 (kinyoubi) – Friday
- 土曜日 (douyoubi) — Saturday
- 日曜日 (nichiyoubi) – Sunday
- 今年 (kotoshi) – This year
Japanese Body Parts Vocabulary for Beginners
- 耳 (mimi) — Ear
- 手 (te) — Hand
- 足 (ashi) — Foot
- 目 (me) — Eye
- 口 (kuchi) – Mouth
- 顔 (kao) — Face
Japanese Words for Places and Directions
- 駅 (eki) – Train station
- 北 (kita) – North
- 南 (minami) – South
- 西 (nishi) – West
- 東 (higashi) – East
- 国 (kuni) – Country
- 外国 (gaikoku) – Gaikoku
- 右 (mighi) – Right
- 左 (hidari) – Left
- 入口 (iriguchi) – Entrance
- 出口 (deguchi) — Exit
Japanese Greetings for Beginners
- おはようございます (ohayou gozaimasu) – Good Morning
- おはよう (ohayou) – Good Morning (informal version)
- こんにちは (konnichi wa) – Hello
- こんばんは (konban wa) – Good evening
- ただいま (tadaima) – I’m home (this greeting is used when you get home and want to announce your presence)
- おやすみなさい (oyasuminasai) Good night (used to announce that you are going to bed. However, you cannot use it when you are leaving someone else’s house for the night.)
- もしもし (moshi moshi) – Hello? (used when answering the phone)
- いらっしゃいませ (irasshiaimase) – Welcome! (this greeting is mainly used by business owners or employees to welcome their costumers to their store).
- おげんきですか (ogenki desu ka?) – How Are you?
- おしゃしぶりです (oshashiburi desu) – Long time no see.
- さようなら (sayounara) – Goodbye
- またね (matane) – See you
Common Japanese Phrases for Beginners
- はい (hai) – Yes
- いいえ (iie) — No
- わかりません (wakarimasen) – I don’t understand
- わすれました (wasuremashita) – I forgot
- しりません (shirimasen) – I don’t know
- たぶん (tabun) – Maybe
- だいじょうぶ (daijoubu) – Alright
- よろしくお願いします (yoroshiku onegai shimasu) – Nice to meet you
- どうも (doumo) – Thanks
- おねがいします (onegai shimasu) – Please
- どうもありがとうございます (doumo arigatou gozaimasu) – Thank you so much
- すみません (sumimasen) – Excuse me / I’m sorry
- ごめんなさい (gomennasai) – I’m sorry
- どういたしまして (douita shimashite) – You’re welcome
- どうぞ* (douzo) – After you
- ごめんなさい(gomen nasai) – I’m sorry
- 助けてください (tasukete kudasai) – Help!
How Can I Learn Japanese Vocabulary Easily?
Learning Japanese can be easy if you have access to the right tools.
With the Speechling method, you can first get acquainted with the essential Japanese words and phrases. This includes common nouns, as well as adjectives, verbs and easy phrases for every situation.
Step by step, you will learn how to use the top Japanese basic words in your everyday life, and you will soon be able to put sentences together.
The Speechling method offers thousands of professional recorded audio from native speakers that you can combine with the study of flashcards to improve your fluency. Learning Japanese’s never been easier!
The best way to memorise Japanese vocabulary is to use those words until your brain can naturally link them to their meaning. This is when you can move to Speechling’s Conversations module. Here you will use your new Japanese vocabulary to answer questions, describe pictures and improve, day after day, your fluency.
Tips for Learning Japanese Vocabulary
Several pupils use a method known as rote memorization. It implies stuffing your brain full of your targeted Japanese vocabulary, repeating each word loud until they stick, and you finally feel confident.
However, there is another methodology that has proven to be successful for learning Japanese. This is known as mnemonics. This technique consists of remembering basic Japanese phrases by associating them with something else that you already know.
If you want to learn how to write in Japanese, as well as speak it, you must learn kanji. The easiest way to do so is usually to use the radical name of each kanji to make up a story that reminds you of that word meaning and pronunciation. Otherwise, you can find a keyword in your native language that sounds similar to the Japanese word that you wish to memorise.
These methodologies can also be used to learn Chinese characters, as well as any other targeted languages.
Are Flashcards Useful to Learn Japanese for Beginners?
One of the most useful ways to learn Japanese is using flashcards. You can either make your own cards or download a pre-made package based on your fluency level.
Flashcards can be used whenever you have a free minute. Besides, with electronic cards, you can improve your Japanese wherever you are. You can also record your own voice and add audio content to your flashcards, to constantly work on your Japanese pronunciation.
With Speechling, you can also record yourself and ask a professional Japanese native speaker to review your pronunciation. With these feedbacks of your coach, you will be able to improve your fluency and build all the confidence you need to speak Japanese with eloquence.
Most Common Japanese Words (TOP 100)
Welcome to the official list of the 100 most common Japanese words.
By searching for common Japanese words on Google you’ll find many lists of Japanese vocabulary, all divided in categories such as particles, adverbs, nouns etc.
However we wanted to do things a bit differently and research what are the most common Japanese words STATISTICALLY.
This list comes from Wiktionary, where they sourced ALL words from the Japanese Wikipedia and had them investigated by an analyser software made specifically for the Japanese language.
This system then ranked 20,000 of these words starting from the most frequently used.
You can check more details about this analysis process and full list of 20,000 words here.
We decided to provide you here with the TOP 100 words of this list, with some more details such as pronunciation and translation, which are not available on the official list.
Let’s get started:
Most Common Japanese Words | 1-10
Most Common Japanese Words | 11-20
Most Common Japanese Words | 21-30
Most Common Japanese Words | 31-40
Most Common Japanese Words | 41-50
Most Common Japanese Words | 51-60
Most Common Japanese Words | 61-70
Most Common Japanese Words | 71-80
Most Common Japanese Words | 81-90
Most Common Japanese Words | 91-100
BONUS | Japanese Words Quiz
Play
Japanese Words List | 1-10
Right before we start, here are a few resources about the three Japanese scripts in case you need to freshen up on your reading skills:
- How to learn Katakana
- How to learn Hiragana
- How to learn Kanji
If you’ve already started learning Japanese, you will find it not the least bit surprising that 7 out of the TOP 10 most common Japanese words are made of grammar particles and markers.
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
1 | の | no | Possessive Particle |
2 | に | ni | In |
3 | する | suru | To do |
4 | は | wa | Topic marker |
5 | を | o | Direct object of action marker |
6 | が | ga | Sentence subject marker |
7 | と | to | And |
8 | 年 | touji | Year |
9 | で | de | At |
10 | だ | da | To be |
Japanese Words List | 11-20
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
11 | 月 | tsuki | Month |
12 | も | mo | Also |
13 | から | kara | From / Because |
14 | 日 | hi | Day |
15 | 成る | naru | To become |
16 | こと | koto | Matter |
17 | 有る | aru | To exist |
18 | よる | yoru | To be due to |
19 | や | ya | And/or |
20 | など | nado | Etc |
Most Common Kanji // The 10 You NEED To Know (with Pronunciation & Examples)
There are so many different Kanji in Japanese, but which ones should you focus on learning first? Today we teach you the 10 most common Kanji in Japanese!
Japanese Words List | 21-30
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
21 | 言う | iu | To say |
22 | 日本 | nihon | Japan |
23 | 為 | tame | For |
24 | この | kono | This |
25 | 人 | hito | Person |
26 | その | sono | That |
27 | まで | made | Up to |
28 | もの | mono | Object |
29 | へ | e | Direction/Goal marker |
30 | 又 | mata | Again |
Japanese Words List | 31-40
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
31 | これ | kore | This |
32 | 行う | okonau | To carry out |
33 | よう | you | For the use of |
34 | 出来る | dekiru | To be able to |
35 | 駅 | eki | Train station |
36 | 国 | kuni | Country |
37 | より | yori | Than |
38 | 大学 | daigaku | University |
39 | 現在 | genzai | Current (Time) |
40 | 後 | ato | Behind |
Swear Words in Japanese // 15 You Must Know
Japanese Swear Words // We teach you 15 swear words in Japanese. Swearing in Japanese is odd because there isn’t a direct translation for words like f*ck.
Most Common Japanese Words | 41-50
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
41 | か | ka | Question marker |
42 | 線 | sen | Line |
43 | ぬ | nu | Not |
44 | 放送 | housou | Broadcast |
45 | 号 | gou | Number |
46 | 軍 | gun | Army |
47 | 無い | nai | None |
48 | 部 | bu | Department |
49 | 持つ | motsu | To have |
50 | 所 | tokoro | Place |
Most Common Japanese Words | 51-60
We’re half way there. How many did you know so far?
Anyway, if you’ve made it here you must love studying Japanese?
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Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
51 | 名 | na | Name |
52 | 回 | kai | An instance |
53 | 世界 | sekai | World |
54 | 時 | toki | Time |
55 | 戦 | sen | Battle |
56 | 時代 | jidai | Era |
57 | 東京 | Tōkyō | Tokyo |
58 | おく | oku | To place |
59 | でも | demo | ..Or something |
60 | 呼ぶ | yobu | To call |
Most Common Japanese Words | 61-70
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
61 | その後 | sonoato | After that |
62 | 会 | kai | Meeting |
63 | それ | sore | That |
64 | 機 | ki | Machine |
65 | 会う | au | To meet |
66 | 受ける | ukeru | To receive |
67 | 多い | ooi | Many |
68 | 選手 | senshu | Player |
69 | 場合 | baai | Case |
70 | 対する | taisuru | To compare with |
Most Common Japanese Words | 71-80
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
71 | しかし | shikashi | However |
72 | つく | tsuku | To arrive / To be attached |
73 | 昭和 | shōwa | Showa (name) |
74 | 作品 | sakuhin | Work (of art) |
75 | 地 | chi | Place |
76 | 中 | naka | Middle |
77 | 使用 | shiyō | Use, usage |
78 | 共に | tomoni | Together |
79 | 学校 | gakkou | School |
80 | 語 | go | Language |
Basic Phrases in Japanese // Learn 32 Essential Phrases (With Flashcards & FREE Quiz)
Basic Phrases in Japanese // Learn these phrases to make your first steps when learning Japanese. We teach you how to get by when speaking basic Japanese.
Most Common Japanese Words | 81-90
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | |
---|---|---|---|
81 | 彼 | kare | He |
82 | 行く | iku | To go |
83 | アメリカ | amerika | America |
84 | 当時 | touji | At the time |
85 | 番組 | bangumi | Program (Tv) |
86 | 車 | kuruma | Car |
87 | 社 | sha | Company |
88 | 川 | kawa | River |
89 | 映画 | eiga | Movie |
90 | 位 | kurai | Amount |
Japanese Words List | 91-100
You have made it all the way to the end of this list, congratulations!
Here are the last 10 words from this Official Most Common Japanese Words List:
Rank | Japanese | Romaji | English |
---|---|---|---|
91 | 見る | miru | To watch |
92 | テレビ | terebi | Television |
93 | 系 | kei | System |
94 | 研究 | kenkyuu | Research |
95 | 町 | machi | Town |
96 | 東 | higashi | East |
97 | 存在 | sonzai | Existence |
98 | 活動 | katsudou | Action |
99 | 発売 | hatsubai | Sale |
100 | 他 | hoka | Other |
There we have, statistically, the 100 Most Common Japanese Words according to the Wiktionary based on the Japanese Wikipedia.
Hopefully you will have learned a few words thanks to this list, now be sure to use them in sentences wherever you can!
Check out our Japanese Grammar Bank to learn how to form sentences, use the negative form, build questions and a lot more.
Prefer to learn with a professional Japanese teacher online?
Check out Flexi Classes, our online teaching platform where you can study 24/7 by choosing when, what and with whom to study.
WANT TO STUDY IN JAPAN? 🇯🇵
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You’ll even have the possibility to live with a Japanese Homestay Family.
WANT MORE?
We regularly publish high-quality content for free, just for you:
- 15 Japanese Tongue Twisters
- 25 Japanese Jokes
- An Introduction to the JLPT
- Best Resources to Learn Kanji
- …and a lot more!
JAPANESE WORDS – BONUS QUIZ
Do you correctly remember the Japanese vocabulary listed on this page?
Have a go at this quiz, get immediate results and let us know your score in the comments!
BONUS CONTENT | Interested in other languages too? Check out our list of the Top 100 most common Chinese characters, most common Vietnamese words and the official 100 most common Korean words.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is THE most common Japanese Word?
The most common Japanese word is の (no), which is a possessive particle.
Check out our lesson about this particle in our Japanese Grammar Bank.
What are the top 10 most common Japanese words?
The TOP 10 most common Japanese words are:
1 – の no | Possessive Particle
2 – に ni | In
3 – する suru | To do
4 – は wa | Topic marker
5 – を o | Direct object of action marker
6 – が ga | Sentence subject marker
7 – と to | And
8 – 年 touji | Year
9 – で de | At
10 – だ da | To be
Where to download the full list of the most common Japanese words?
The official list of most common Japanese words was created by Wiktionary and include 20,000 words.
It is based on a word-frequency analysis with words sourced from the Japanese Wikipedia.
You can check out the full list here along with more details on the analysis.
What is the JLPT?
The JLPT, or Japanese Language Proficiency Test, is a test administered by the Japan Foundation and Japan Educational Exchanges and Services which aims to measure the abilities of non-native speakers.
The test measures your listening and reading comprehension, as well as your kanji recognition and grammar and vocabulary skills.
Check out our full guide on the JLPT with test dates and registration details.
How many words do I need to know for each JLPT level?
Here are the JLPT test levels and the number of words you need know for each of them:
N5 | 100 Kanji – 800 words
N4 | 300 Kanji – 1,300 words
N3 | 650 Kanji – 3,700 words
N2 | 1,000 Kanji – 6,000 words
N1 | 2,000 Kanji – 10,000 words
We created a Complete Guide to the JLPT to help you with the process.
Do you provide Japanese lessons?
We do!
You can learn Japanese online on our Flexi Classes platform, where we offer lessons 24/7, thus catering for all time zones.
Choose your study topic and study time, all classes take place on Zoom.
You can also learn Japanese with us directly in Tokyo, Japan, where we offer group and individual classes, with the possibility of living with a Homestay family.
Want More From LTL?
WANT TO LEARN JAPANESE? Check out our online Japanese courses here.
We offer a 7 day free trial to all new students where you can study 24/7.
What about studying Japanese in Japan instead? We’ve got your back. Our Japanese courses in Tokyo can either be taken in small groups of no more than 5 students or individually for a more tailored experience.
We even offer incredible homestay experiences in Tokyo as well.
The language experiences don’t end there either, in fact we also teach:
- Mandarin
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