Is who a sight word

Overview

Learn the history behind Dolch and Fry sight words, and why they are important in developing fluent readers.

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Lessons

Follow the sight words teaching techniques. Learn research-validated and classroom-proven ways to introduce words, reinforce learning, and correct mistakes.

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Flash Cards

Print your own sight words flash cards. Create a set of Dolch or Fry sight words flash cards, or use your own custom set of words.

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Games

Play sight words games. Make games that create fun opportunities for repetition and reinforcement of the lessons.

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  1. Overview
  2. What Are Sight Words?
  3. Types of Sight Words
  4. When to Start
  1. Scaling & Scaffolding
  2. Research
  3. Questions and Answers

1. Overview

Sight words instruction is an excellent supplement to phonics instruction. Phonics is a method for learning to read in general, while sight words instruction increases a child’s familiarity with the high frequency words he will encounter most often.

The best way to learn sight words is through lots and lots of repetition, in the form of flashcard exercises and word-focused games.

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2. What Are Sight Words?

Sight words are words that should be memorized to help a child learn to read and write. Learning sight words allows a child to recognize these words at a glance — on sight — without needing to break the words down into their individual letters and is the way strong readers recognize most words. Knowing common, or high frequency, words by sight makes reading easier and faster, because the reader does not need to stop to try and sound out each individual word, letter by letter.

Sight Words are memorized so that a child can recognize commonly used or phonetically irregular words at a glance, without needing to go letter-by-letter.

Other terms used to describe sight words include: service words, instant words (because you should recognize them instantly), snap words (because you should know them in a snap), and high frequency words. You will also hear them referred to as Dolch words or Fry words, the two most commonly used sight words lists.

Sight words are the glue that holds sentences together.

These pages contain resources to teach sight words, including: sight words flash cards, lessons, and games. If you are new to sight words, start with the teaching strategies to get a road map for teaching the material, showing you how to sequence the lessons and activities.

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3. Types of Sight Words

Sight words fall into two categories:

  • Frequently Used Words — Words that occur commonly in the English language, such as it, can, and will. Memorizing these words makes reading much easier and smoother, because the child already recognizes most of the words and can concentrate their efforts on new words. For example, knowing just the Dolch Sight Words would enable you to read about 50% of a newspaper or 80% of a children’s book.
  • Non-Phonetic Words — Words that cannot be decoded phonetically, such as buy, talk, or come. Memorizing these words with unnatural spellings and pronunciations teaches not only these words but also helps the reader recognize similar words, such as guy, walk, or some.

There are several lists of sight words that are in common use, such as Dolch, Fry, Top 150, and Core Curriculum. There is a great deal of overlap among the lists, but the Dolch sight word list is the most popular and widely used.

3.1 Dolch Sight Words

The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words. Educator Dr. Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. The Dolch sight words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. Once a child knows the Dolch words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words.

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3.2 Fry Sight Words

The Fry Sight Words list is a more modern list of words, and was extended to capture the most common 1,000 words. Dr. Edward Fry developed this expanded list in the 1950s (and updated it in 1980), based on the most common words to appear in reading materials used in Grades 3-9. Learning all 1,000 words in the Fry sight word list would equip a child to read about 90% of the words in a typical book, newspaper, or website.

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3.3 Top 150 Written Words

The Top 150 Written Words is the newest of the word lists featured on our site, and is commonly used by people who are learning to read English as a non-native language. This list consists of the 150 words that occur most frequently in printed English, according to the Word Frequency Book. This list is recommended by Sally E. Shaywitz, M.D., Professor of Learning Development at Yale University’s School of Medicine.

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3.4 Other Sight Words Lists

There are many newer variations, such as the Common Core sight words, that tweak the Dolch and Fry sight words lists to find the combination of words that is the most beneficial for reading development. Many teachers take existing sight word lists and customize them, adding words from their own classroom lessons.

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4. When to Start Teaching Sight Words

Before a child starts learning sight words, it is important that he/she be able to recognize and name all the lower-case letters of the alphabet. When prompted with a letter, the child should be able to name the letter quickly and confidently. Note that, different from learning phonics, the child does not need to know the letters’ sounds.

Before starting sight words, a child needs to be able to recognize and name all the lower-case letters of the alphabet.

If a student’s knowledge of letter names is still shaky, it is important to spend time practicing this skill before jumping into sight words. Having a solid foundation in the ability to instantly recognize and name the alphabet letters will make teaching sight words easier and more meaningful for the child.

Go to our Lessons for proven strategies on how to teach and practice sight words with your child.

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5. Scaling & Scaffolding

Every child is unique and will learn sight words at a different rate. A teacher may have a wide range of skill levels in the same classroom. Many of our sight words games can be adjusted to suit different skill levels.

Many of our activity pages feature recommendations for adjusting the game to the needs of your particular child or classroom:

  • Confidence Builders suggest ways to simplify a sight words game for a struggling student.
  • Extensions offer tips for a child who loves playing a particular game but needs to be challenged more.
  • Variations suggest ways to change up the game a little, by tailoring it to a child’s special interests or making it “portable.”
  • Small Group Adaptations offer ideas for scaling up from an individual child to a small group (2-5 children), ensuring that every child is engaged and learning.

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6. Research

Our sight words teaching techniques are based not only on classroom experience but also on the latest in child literacy research. Here is a bibliography of some of the research supporting our approach to sight words instruction:

  • Ceprano, M. A. “A review of selected research on methods of teaching sight words.” The Reading Teacher 35:3 (1981): 314-322.
  • Ehri, Linnea C. “Grapheme–Phoneme Knowledge Is Essential for Learning to Read Words in English.” Word Recognition in Beginning Literacy. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1998.
  • Enfield, Mary Lee, and Victoria Greene. Project Read. www.projectread.com. 1969.
  • Gillingham, Anna, and Bessie W. Stillman. The Gillingham Manual: Remedial Training for Students with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling, and Penmanship, 8th edition. Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, 2014.
  • Nist, Lindsay, and Laurice M. Joseph. “Effectiveness and Efficiency of Flashcard Drill Instructional Methods on Urban First-Graders’ Word Recognition, Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization.” School Psychology Review 37:3 (Fall 2008): 294-308.
  • Shaywitz, Sally E. Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-Based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.
  • Stoner, J.C. “Teaching at-risk students to read using specialized techniques in the regular classroom.” Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3 (1991).
  • Wilson, Barbara A. “The Wilson Reading Method.” Learning Disabilities Journal 8:1 (February 1998): 12-13.
  • Wilson, Barbara A. Wilson Reading System. Millbury, MA: Wilson Language Training, 1988.

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© 2023 Sight Words: Teach Your Child to Read

If you have a child learning to read, it’s important to do hands-on activities to practice reading sight words! Children learn best through multi-sensory activities so the more activities you can incorporate into your day, the better!

I know children love games, so I created a Sight Word Guess Who Game as a fun way to practice sight words. My kids loved the game!


sight word guess who game


Here’s how to set up the game:

  1. Download the free printable at the end of this post. Print the game on card stock paper.
  2. Find a Guess Who game and take out all the picture cards.
  3. Cut out the small cards. Place them in the slots.
  4. Cut out the larger cards. Place them face down and spread them out.





How to Play Sight Word Guess Who

  1. Begin with all the words on your board up.
  2. Draw one sight word card.
  3. Place the sight word card in the slot and make sure the other player doesn’t see the word. If your paper is thin, you can place another card behind it so the other player can’t read the card.
  4. Take turns asking the other player yes or no questions. The goal is to find out what their word is before the other player does.
  5. After you ask a question, place down the words that don’t match the description.

Sample questions:

  1. Does your word have two letters?
  2. Is there an “e” in your word?
  3. Does your word begin with the letter “t”?

So for example, if I asked my opponent if their word has two letters and they said no, I would put down every word that had two letters.

In the end, you’ll have one word remaining. If you followed the game right and the other player answered your questions correctly, it should match the sight word your opponent has.

This game plays just like the normal game, just with sight words instead! I used 24 words off of the Pre-Primer Dolch Sight Word List. These are words for beginning readers, which is typically learned in pre-k or kindergarten.


sight word guess who


I hope to add more sight words in the future so the game can include older ages.

If you want to try this game out, just click on the link below. The first link is for the *newer* version of the game. This has smaller cards. The second link is for the older version, which has slightly larger cards.

>>>Sight Word Guess Who – Older Version<<<

Have fun playing!

Today is the last of my super simple summer sight word games (how’s that for alliteration?).  I’ve adapted a family favorite game of ours called Guess Who? into Sight Word Guess Who? {The FREE download link is at the END of this post.}

Sight Word Guess Who Pack {FREE} - This Reading Mama*This post contains affiliate links.

Sight Word Guess Who? Printable Pack

In the pack, there are words picked from each of these Dolch word lists:

  1. Pre-Primer
  2. Primer
  3. 1st Grade
  4. 2nd Grade
  5. 3rd Grade

How to Play Sight Word Guess Who?

Print off TWO IDENTICAL game boards; one game board for each player. Print off the corresponding word cards for that word level. Place the cards face down in a pile.

sight word guess who cards

Each player picks a secret sight word from the pile and does not tell the other person what word it is. Asking yes or no questions to the other player like, “Does your word have four letters?” or “Does your word start with an h?”, each player tries to figure out their opponent’s sight word.

Here are three different ideas for playing the game. Each of these ideas makes it so that you can use the game board more than once.

sight word guess who on a cookie sheet

You can use magnetic cookie sheets and Power Magnets. Each player holds up their cookie sheet to block the other person from seeing their word or board.

sight word guess who with a file folderPut up a file folder and cover the board with transparent counters or other small manipulatives. Using manipulatives makes the game board reusable for another day.

sight word guess who with plastic sleeve protectorOr slip the game board into a plastic sleeve protector and put into a 3-ring binder. Hold up the 3-ring binder on its side. Using a dry erase marker, cross off the words based on the answers from the other player.

Printable Spelling Activities and Games - buy now

Find editable versions of Sight Word Guess Who? plus MORE spelling activities in my 700+ page ebook, Printable Spelling Activities and Games!

sight-word-games-app-from-this-reading-mama-sidebar

Also check out our Sight Word Games App!

Follow This Reading Mama’s board Sight Words on Pinterest.

>>Download this FREE Sight Word Guess Who? Pack HERE.<<

~Becky

Let’s talk about what high frequency words are, and how to have fun learning them. Whether you are looking for activities to do at home or in the classroom, these games for high frequency words will help your reader build fluency, reinforce high frequency words, and engage them with hands-on reading strategies.

high frequency words activities and lists to help kids practice sight words

What are High-Frequency Words

High frequency words, also referred to as sight words, are the most common words in the English language . According to Reading A-Z, 50 percent of all text is composed of high frequency words.

Why are Sight Words Important

Sometimes known as sight words, high frequency words are important to learn to become a fluent reader. A reader’s fluency is composed of their speed, accuracy, and expression.

If the kids become stuck on sounding out word by word, they will lose comprehension. Therefore, by learning to read these most commonly used words in text (high frequency words) by memorization, emergent readers will instantly recognize these words and increase their speed and accuracy.

Activities to Practice High Frequency Words

As a former kindergarten teacher, parents often ask me “How do I teach my 5 year old sight words?”, and “How can I make learning sight words fun?” The truth is there are many ways to make learning to read fun.

These sight word activities will engage kids in a multi-sensory approach to learning how to read.  Both parents and teachers will see that fun sight word games are at their fingertips with many of these household items.

1. Sight Word Superstars

Your kids will become “Sight Word Superstars” with these printable activities.  Each sheet has the kids practicing their high frequency words 6 different ways!

First, you get to choose which set if best for your kids.  Then, they will trace, write, find and circle, tap and read, use in a sentence, and build the word! 

Get the Sight Word Superstars HERE or on TPT

2. Popsicle Stick Sight Word Game

Write the sight words on Popsicle sticks. Write “DYNAMITE” on a couple sticks. Put them in a jar. Pull them out

one-by-one, read the word. If you pull dynamite, you have to put them all back in the jar.

I used this game often as a reading tutor for kindergarten, first, and second grade. We would play in a small group, but this is also great as a time filler for the whole class.

high-frequency-words

3.  Write the Words in Salt

Writing the words in sand is a great sensory-based strategy to practice high frequency words.   Pour some salt into a small cookie sheet, and let the kids use their finger to write the word. 

4. Magnetic Letter Sight Words

Spelling sight words with magnetic letters is a simple hands-on approach to reading.

You can build high frequency words on a file cabinet, refrigerator, on a magnetic dry-erase board, or without a magnetic surface. Simply lay the magnetic letters out on a table to spell the sight words.

high-frequency-words-magnetic-letters-sight-words-2

The kids can pull from a collection of sight word cards, and build the word using the magnetic letters, and write the word.  This awesome magnetic letter kit, posted in my classroom must-haves,  comes with foam magnetic letters already sorted and labeled. a magnetic dry-erase board, letter cards, dry-erase markers, and fun holiday magnets.

5. Sight Word Hunt with Nursery Rhymes

Did you know children who are frequently exposed to nursery rhymes early on, are much more likely to develop strong reading skills?  It’s true!  This is why I use nursery rhymes to teach kids how to read.  You can read more on my post about popular nursery rhyme songs for kids.

After introducing a new printable nursery rhyme, let the kids hunt through and highlight the sight words you are focusing on.

sight-words-games-activities-nursery-rhymes

6.  Sight Word Tic-Tac-Toe 

Add a twist to a classic game.  Let the kids pull a sight word card.  Then, they read it, use it in a sentence or spell it before adding an X or O to the board. 

7. Sight Word War

Playing with a partner, use 2 stacks of sight word cards, each player flips over a card. Whoever reads the sight word first keeps the cards. If they flip the same word card, it’s War!  Then, they lay 2 facing down, and the third one flipped up.  Whoever reads that third one fastest, wins that pile.  In the end, the kid with the most card, wins.

high-frequency-words-sight-words-war

8. Use Wikki Stix

The kids love using Wikki Stix to make words, numbers, and shapes.  Why not let them use Wikki Stix to make the sight words?

9. Shaving Cream Sight Words

Write the high frequency words in a dab of shaving cream on the table. Shaving cream writing is excellent for sensory based interventions.

Using shaving cream for spelling words and writing sight words are just a few of the shaving cream activities for kids who are kinesthetic learners. You can also make shaving cream playdough and have the kids make the words with that.

high-frequency-words

10. LEGO Sight Word Game

Use dry erase markers to write sight words on the side of legos, and place them in a pile.  Call out a word, have your child find the lego with that word, and add to the tower. There are endless sight word lego activities for kids.

If your child is doing well at recognizing the sight words, but has difficulty spelling them, you can write individual letters on the legos and have them build the word.

You will want to use the large Mega Blocks if writing the whole word, such as the ones used for my pictures. The standard lego size is too small. Did you know LEGOS are on my list for the 10 Best Learning Toys for Kids?

high-frequency-words

11. Flashlight Tag With Sight Words

Hang sight words around the house, or in the classroom. Then, turn off the lights, call out a sight word, and have your little learner find it with a flashlight.

12. Sight Word Tallies

Write 5 sight words on a piece of paper. Search through books and magazines, and put tally marks next to the words as you find the words.

13. PlayDoh Sight Words

Use playdoh to form the letters and build the sight words. In the video below, you will see how my first grade students used playdough to make high frequency words.  After they form the word, they trace it with their finger, then use the word in a sentence. As a follow up, have your kiddos write the sight word, or write a sentence using the sight word.

14. Play I Have, Who Has

I Have Who Has is a fun way to practice any skill.  In this case, the kids can practice reading sight words with family members, in a small group, or in a whole class setting.

The kids read the high-frequency word on their card, then ask who has the word printed on the bottom half of their card.  The video below is a demonstration of I Have, Who Has being played in a small group.

You can choose from the following printable I Have, Who Has games below:

  • Pre-Primer Sight Words I Have, Who Has
  • Primer Sight Words I Have, Who Has
  • First Grade Sight Words I Have, Who Has

15. Use Traditional Flashcards

You can also print a set of sight word flashcards, or write the words on index cards, and review 5-10 a night.

Free Sight Word Printable

Teaching kids how to read requires patience and daily practice. Parents often want to help at home, but aren’t sure what to do. You can get this free letter as a reminder of how to help kids with sight words at home.

sight-word-activities

Grab your FREE Parent Letter for Sight Words, HERE.

High Frequency Word List

If you look over an elementary school’s curriculum, you may find they have a list of words per grade level, along with reading materials, word rings, class books, and more for the young children to use.

Typically, there are two major lists of common sight words young readers will learn from. They are the dolch words and fry words.

Dolch Words

Pre-Primer: the, to, and, a, I, you, it, in, said, for, up, look, is, go, we, little, down, can, see, not, one, my, me, big, come, blue, red, where, jump, away, here, help, make, yellow, two, play, run, find, three, funny

Primer: he, was, that, she, on, they, but, at, with, all, there, out, be, have, am, do, did, what, so, get, like, this, will, yes, went, are, now, no, came, ride, into, good, want, too, pretty, four, saw, well, ran, brown, eat, who, new, must, black, white, soon, our, ate, say, under, please

First Grade Words: of, his, had, him, her, some, as, then, could, when, were, them, ask, an, over, just, from, any, how, know, put, take, every, old, by, after, think, let, going, walk, again, may, stop, fly, round give, once, open, has, live, thank

Second Grade Words: would, very, your, its, around, don’t right, green, their, call, sleep, five, wash, or, before, been, off, cold, tell, work, first, does, goes, write, always, made, gave, us, buy, those, use, fast, pull, both, sit, which, read, why, found, because, best, upon, these, sing, wish, many

high frequency words

Fry List of Words:

Fry words, unlike the Dolch list, are not broken down into grade level. The kids, however, are introduced to new words after mastering each group of 100. This does not mean young children are expected to learn 100 instant words at once. Most often, the teachers break down the expected amount of words to learn in groups of 5-10 at a time, week after week.

Fry’s First 100 Words: the, of, and, a, to, in, is, you, that, it, he, was, for, on, are, as, with, his, they, I , at, be, this, have, from, or, one, had, by, words, but, not, what, all, were, we, when, your, can, said, there, use, an, each, which, she, do, how, their, if, will, up, other, about, out, many, then, them, these, so, some, her, would, make, like, him, into, time, has, look, two, more, write, go, see, number, no, way, could, people, my, than, first, water, been, called, who, am, its, now, find, long, down, day, did, get, come, made, may, part.

You can search for the remaining words,- they are known as the second and third lists. The Fry and dolch sight words increase in difficulty as the kids get older.

Before you go, here are some blog posts you may enjoy:

20 Basics of a Kindergarten Classroom

122 Best Knock Knock Jokes Kids Love

34 Best Nursery Rhymes for Kids

15 Amazing Benefits of Math Talks with Kids

25 Printable Kindergarten Vocabulary Worksheets

High Frequency Words

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