Is volunteerism a word

Asked by: Dr. Nadia Hane

Score: 4.7/5
(10 votes)

the policy or practice of volunteering one’s time or talents for charitable, educational, or other worthwhile activities, especially in one’s community. …

What is the difference between volunteerism and voluntarism?

In context|us|lang=en terms the difference between volunteerism and voluntarism. is that volunteerism is (us) the reliance on volunteers to perform an important social or educational function while voluntarism is (us) a reliance on volunteers to support an institution or achieve an end; volunteerism.

Why is it called volunteerism?

It was derived from the noun volunteer, in c. 1600, «one who offers himself for military service,» from the Middle French voluntaire. In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.

How do you use volunteerism?

We want to encourage, celebrate, support and promote youth volunteerism in our community. Service learning often relies on a notion of volunteerism, charity or philanthropic effort.

What is volunteerism Oxford dictionary?

1[intransitive, transitive] to offer to do something without being forced to do it or without getting paid for it volunteer to do something Jill volunteered to start a petition. volunteer (for/as something) Several staff members volunteered for early retirement.

41 related questions found

1
volunteerism

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > volunteerism

2
volunteerism

[͵vɒl(ə)nʹtı(ə)rız(ə)m]

НБАРС > volunteerism

3
volunteerism

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > volunteerism

4
volunteerism

English-Russian word-building patterns > volunteerism

5
volunteerism

English-Russian word-building patterns > volunteerism

6
volunteerism

English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > volunteerism

7
volunteerism

Англо-русский современный словарь > volunteerism

8
volunteerism

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > volunteerism

9
-ism

•• В русском языке слова, оканчивающиеся на — изм, как правило, обозначают какое-либо идейно-политическое или культурное течение, реже – то или иное явление в жизни общества (ср. шутливое пофигизм, пока не вошедшее в словари, – привычка или тенденция наплевательски относиться к каким-либо делам, вопросам). В английском языке образование новых слов при помощи — ism является продуктивной моделью. Поэтому значение таких слов шире, и при переводе, в зависимости от контекста, их обычно переводят словосочетанием: activism – активная позиция, активное отношение к чему-либо; symbolism – символическое значение, символика; sensationalism [of the media] – любовь к сенсациям, скандалам; сенсационная подача новостей; volunteerism – общественная активность.

•• * Поскольку слова, оканчивающиеся на — ism, в русском языке обозначают обычно идеологию или политическое течение и реже – явление в жизни общества, а для английского характерно именно последнее, такие слова, как activism, symbolism, sensationalism, volunteerism во многих случаях лучше переводить при помощи словосочетаний. Интересно в этой связи слово exceptionalism, не включенное в

ABBYY Lingvo

, возможно по причине его «очевидности», и помечаемое в

Новом БАРСе

как книжное (на мой взгляд, это неверно).

American Heritage Dictionary

определяет его следующим образом: 1. The condition of being exceptional or unique. 2. The theory or belief that something, especially a nation, does not conform to a pattern or norm.

•• Второе значение часто встречается в публицистике в применении к США. Недавно вышла книга American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. Издательство резюмирует ее проблематику следующим образом:

•• Is America unique? One of our major political analysts explores the deeply held but often inarticulated beliefs that shape the American creed.

•• Может показаться, что первое и второе значения здесь сливаются, и хочется перевести название книги как Особый путь: вера в исключительность Америки – обоюдоострый меч.

•• Но это слово встречается не только в политическом или социологическом контексте, как видно из следующей цитаты:

•• <…> myths about internet exceptionalism: the notion that the internet is fundamentally unique – representing a distinctive break from past – and that we’ll be driven by the “ spirit of the net” without the normalisation evident in adoption of other new technologies.

•• Здесь в переводе вполне подойдет предлагаемый в Новом БАРСе вариант исключительность, хотя лучше, видимо, провести

•• некоторую синтаксическую перестройку: мифы о том, что Интернет есть нечто исключительное. Но в следующем примере из Washington Post такой перевод был бы неудачен:

•• Mr. Dean’s carefully prepared speech was described as a move toward the center, but in key ways it shifted him farther from the mainstream. <…> Mr. Dean’s exceptionalism, however, is not limited to Iraq. It can be found in his support for limiting the overseas deployments of the National Guard – a potentially radical change in the U.S. defense posture – and in his readiness to yield to the demands of North Korea’s brutal communist dictatorship.

•• Может показаться, что это – окказиональное употребление этого слова, но оно полностью соответствует первому значению в AHD. Предлагаемый мною перевод, видимо, надо признать контекстуальным, но он, как говорится, напрашивается. Отход от mainstream (т.е. от «основного русла», «генеральной линии» – в данном случае демократической партии) – это, скорее всего, особая позиция:

•• Однако г-н Дин занимает особую позицию не только по иракской проблеме. Такая позиция просматривается и в его стремлении ограничить развертывание национальной гвардии за рубежом, что было бы радикальным отходом от принципов оборонной доктрины США, и в его готовности уступить требованиям жестокого диктаторского режима Северной Кореи.

•• Еще два интересных примера на ту же тему:

•• Not one has substantiated the allegation that Saddam was stockpiling WMD, let alone that he was considering passing them to al-Qaida. The link is a product of Blair’s imagination and the moral reductionism he mistakes for statesmanship. The world, as he sees it, consists of “ good guys” and “ bad guys”, with the latter combining to form a composite threat. (Guardian)

•• This time the nation is far more polarized, and his path, in Iraq and politically, was less clear. Certainly, there was no hint of the triumphalism of 50 weeks ago, when Mr. Bush stood on the deck of the aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln off San Diego before a banner declaring “Mission Accomplished.” (New York Times)

•• Reductionism – упрощенный подход/взгляд на мир. Moral reductionism я бы в данном случае перевел просто морализаторство. Triumphalism встречается часто, и я был бы не против триумфализма и по-русски. Но большинство редакторов это скорее всего не пропустили бы. Может быть, триумфальный/победный настрой/тон.

•• Но в данном контексте можно сказать и хвастливый тон/хвастливые высказывания и даже (почему бы не рискнуть?) шапкозакидательство. А вот сталинское головокружение от успехов – уже нельзя (хотя соблазн велик и по смыслу вполне подходит), ибо это было бы аллюзией, которой в английском тексте, разумеется, нет.

English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > -ism

10
LOVE

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LOVE

11
Love

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Love

12
love

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > love

13
-ism

activism — активная позиция, активное отношение к чему-либо

symbolism — символическое значение, символика

The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > -ism

14
-ism

Суффикс -ism, ранее чаще всего имевший значение «умение, теория», приобрел новые значения.

—ism:

ageism – дискриминация по возрасту при приеме на работу

bufferism – дискриминация стариков за их консерватизм

consumerism – защита интересов потребителя

croneyism – назначение на пост по знакомству (блат)

do-doism – тупость, косность

do-nothingism – пассивность, саботаж

ebulism – закипание жидкости при резком сбросе давления

echoism – звукоподражание

expatriatism – длительное пребывание за границей

heightism – дискриминация женщин высокого роста и мужчин низкого роста

legalism – приверженность букве закона

me-toism – конформизм

nimbyism – эгоистичный протест против строительства новостроек в своем районе

parrotism – подражание, болтовня («попугайного» типа)

sacerdotalism – поповщина, жречество

sexism – дискриминация женщин при приеме на работу

volunteerism – добровольное участие в общественной работе

wholism – холизм, философия целостности

workholism – одержимость работой

English-Russian word-building patterns > -ism

15
-ism

Суффикс -ism, ранее чаще всего имевший значение «умение, теория», приобрел новые значения.

—ism:

ageism – дискриминация по возрасту при приеме на работу

bufferism – дискриминация стариков за их консерватизм

consumerism – защита интересов потребителя

croneyism – назначение на пост по знакомству (блат)

do-doism – тупость, косность

do-nothingism – пассивность, саботаж

ebulism – закипание жидкости при резком сбросе давления

echoism – звукоподражание

expatriatism – длительное пребывание за границей

heightism – дискриминация женщин высокого роста и мужчин низкого роста

legalism – приверженность букве закона

me-toism – конформизм

nimbyism – эгоистичный протест против строительства новостроек в своем районе

parrotism – подражание, болтовня («попугайного» типа)

sacerdotalism – поповщина, жречество

sexism – дискриминация женщин при приеме на работу

volunteerism – добровольное участие в общественной работе

wholism – холизм, философия целостности

workholism – одержимость работой

English-Russian word-building patterns > -ism

См. также в других словарях:

• Volunteerism — is the willingness of people to work on behalf of others without being motivated by financial gain. Volunteers may have special training as rescuers, guides, assistants, teachers, missionaries, amateur radio operators, writers, and in other… …   Wikipedia

• volunteerism — 1844, with reference to armed forces; from VOLUNTEER (Cf. volunteer) + ISM (Cf. ism). In reference to volunteer labor in community activities, by 1977 …   Etymology dictionary

• volunteerism — [väl΄ən tir′iz΄əm] n. the theory or practice of being a volunteer or of using volunteers, as, without pay, in social agencies, charitable organizations, etc …   English World dictionary

• volunteerism — noun Date: 1844 1. voluntarism 1 2. the act or practice of doing volunteer work in community service …   New Collegiate Dictionary

• volunteerism — /vol euhn tear iz euhm/, n. 1. voluntarism (def. 2). 2. the policy or practice of volunteering one s time or talents for charitable, educational, or other worthwhile activities, esp. in one s community. [1835 45; VOLUNTEER + ISM] * * * …   Universalium

• volunteerism — noun The reliance on volunteers to perform an important social or educational function …   Wiktionary

• volunteerism — n. act of donating one s time to a particular activity (without salary) …   English contemporary dictionary

• volunteerism — noun chiefly N. Amer. the use or involvement of volunteer labour, especially in community services …   English new terms dictionary

• volunteerism — vol·un·teer·ism …   English syllables

• volunteerism — vol•un•teer•ism [[t]ˌvɒl ənˈtɪər ɪz əm[/t]] n. 1) cvb voluntarism 2) 2) cvb the policy or practice of volunteering one s time or services, as for charitable or community work • Etymology: 1835–45 …   From formal English to slang

• volunteerism — /vɒlənˈtɪərɪzəm/ (say voluhn tearrizuhm) noun the system of volunteer participation in activities of benefit to the community …  

Not to be confused with military volunteering, which is usually paid and/or compensated.

Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service.^[1][2] Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.

Etymology and history[edit]

The verb was first recorded in 1755. It was derived from the noun volunteer, in c. 1600, «one who offers himself for military service,» from the Middle French voluntaire.^[3] In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s. The word volunteering has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase community service.^[3][4]
In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted. Such volunteers do not work «for free» and are given regular pay.

19th century[edit]

During this time, America experienced the Great Awakening. People became aware of the disadvantaged and realized the cause for movement against slavery.^[5] In 1851, the first YMCA in the United States was started, followed seven years later by the first YWCA. During the American Civil War, women volunteered their time to sew supplies for the soldiers and the «Angel of the Battlefield» Clara Barton and a team of volunteers began providing aid to servicemen. Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and began mobilizing volunteers for disaster relief operations, including relief for victims of the Johnstown Flood in 1889.

20th and 21st centuries[edit]

The Salvation Army is one of the oldest and largest organizations working for disadvantaged people. Though it is a charity organization, it has organized a number of volunteering programs since its inception.^[6]
Prior to the 19th century, few formal charitable organizations existed to assist people in need.

In the first few decades of the 20th century, several volunteer organizations were founded, including the Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Association of Junior Leagues International, and Lions Clubs International.

The Great Depression saw one of the first large-scale, nationwide efforts to coordinate volunteering for a specific need. During World War II, thousands of volunteer offices supervised the volunteers who helped with the many needs of the military and the home front, including collecting supplies, entertaining soldiers on leave, and caring for the injured.^[6]

After World War II, people shifted the focus of their altruistic passions to other areas, including helping the poor and volunteering overseas. A major development was the Peace Corps in the United States in 1960. When President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a War on Poverty in 1964, volunteer opportunities started to expand and continued into the next few decades. The process for finding volunteer work became more formalized, with more volunteer centers forming and new ways to find work appearing on the World Wide Web through organizations like JustServe and AmeriCorps.^[6][7]

According to the Corporation for National and Community Service (in 2012), about 64.5 million Americans, or 26.5 percent of the adult population, gave 7.9 billion hours of volunteer service worth $175 billion. This calculates at about 125–150 hours per year or 3 hours per week at a rate of $22 per hour. Volunteer hours in the UK are similar; the data for other countries is unavailable.

Types[edit]

Volunteering as utilized by service learning programs[edit]

Many schools on all education levels offer service-learning programs, which allow students to serve the community through volunteering while earning educational credit.^[8] According to Alexander Astin in the foreword to Where’s the Learning in Service-Learning? by Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, Jr.,»…we promote more wide-spread adoption of service-learning in higher education because we see it as a powerful means of preparing students to become more caring and responsible parents and citizens and of helping colleges and universities to make good on their pledge to ‘serve society.'»^[9] When describing service learning, the Medical Education at Harvard says, «Service learning unites academic study and volunteer community service in mutually reinforcing ways. …service learning is characterized by a relationship of partnership: the student learns from the service agency and from the community and, in return, gives energy, intelligence, commitment, time and skills to address human and community needs.»^[8] Volunteering in service learning seems to have the result of engaging both mind and heart, thus providing a more powerful learning experience; according to Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, it succeeds by the fact that it «…fosters student development by capturing student interest…»^{[9]: 1–2, 8}
More recent scholarship has found shortcomings in the early assumptions of mutual benefit, since early studies were interested in educational benefits rather than community outcomes. An Indiana study found that the nonprofit agencies hosting student service-learners do not report a positive impact on service capacity, although service-learners do help to increase agency visibility.^[10] In the end, service-learning must follow other principles of effective volunteer management such as screening, training, and supervising.^{[editorializing]}

Skills-based volunteering[edit]

Skills-based volunteering is leveraging the specialized skills and the talents of individuals to strengthen the infrastructure of nonprofits, helping them build and sustain their capacity to successfully achieve their missions.^[11] This is in contrast to traditional volunteering, where volunteers do something other than their professional work.^[12] The average hour of traditional volunteering is valued by the Independent Sector at between $18–20 an hour.^[13] Skills-based volunteering is valued at $40–500 an hour, depending on the market value of the time.^{[14][failed verification]}

Virtual volunteering[edit]

Also called e-volunteering or online volunteering, virtual volunteering is a volunteer who completes tasks, in whole or in part, offsite from the organization being assisted. They use the Internet and a home, school, telecenter or work computer, or other Internet-connected device, such as a PDA or smartphone. Virtual volunteering is also known as cyber service, telementoring, and teletutoring, as well as various other names. Virtual volunteering is similar to remote work, except that instead of online employees who are paid, these are online volunteers who are not paid.^[15][16] Contributing to free and open source software projects or editing Wikipedia are examples of virtual volunteering.^[17]

Micro-volunteering[edit]

Micro-volunteering is a task performed via an internet-connected device. An individual typically does this task in small, un-paid increments of time. Micro-volunteering is distinct from «virtual volunteering» in that it typically does not require the individual volunteer to go through an application process, screening process, or training period.^[18][19]

Environmental volunteering[edit]

Environmental volunteering refers to the volunteers who contribute towards environmental management or conservation. Volunteers conduct a range of activities including environmental monitoring, ecological restoration such as re-vegetation and weed removal, protecting endangered animals, and educating others about the natural environment.^[20]

Volunteering in an emergency[edit]

Volunteering often plays a pivotal role in the recovery effort following natural disasters, such as tsunamis, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and earthquakes. For example, the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan was a watershed moment, bringing in many first-time volunteers for earthquake response. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami attracted a large number of volunteers worldwide, deployed by non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and the United Nations.^[21][22]

During the 2012 hurricane Sandy emergency, Occupy Sandy volunteers formed a laterally organized rapid-response team that provided much needed help during and after the storm, from food to shelter to reconstruction. It is an example of mutualism at work, pooling resources and assistance and leveraging social media.

Volunteering in schools[edit]

Resource poor schools around the world rely on government support or on efforts from volunteers and private donations, in order to run effectively. In some countries, whenever the economy is down, the need for volunteers and resources increases greatly.^[23] There are many opportunities available in school systems for volunteers. Yet, there are not many requirements in order to volunteer in a school system. Whether one is a high school or TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) graduate or college student, most schools require just voluntary and selfless effort.^[24]

Much like the benefits of any type of volunteering there are great rewards for the volunteer, student, and school. In addition to intangible rewards, volunteers can add relevant experience to their resumes. Volunteers who travel to assist may learn foreign culture and language. «Volunteering can give the students the sufficient experience in order to support and strengthen their CVs and resumes.»^[25]

Volunteering in schools can be an additional teaching guide for the students and help to fill the gap of local teachers. Cultural and language exchange during teaching and other school activities can be the most essential learning experience for both students and volunteers.^[24]

Corporate volunteering[edit]

Benefacto, a volunteering brokerage, describe corporate volunteering as «Companies giving their employees an allowance of paid time off annually, which they use to volunteer at a charity of their choice.»^[26]

A majority of the companies at the Fortune 500 allow their employees to volunteer during work hours. These formalized Employee Volunteering Programs (EVPs), also called Employer Supported Volunteering (ESV), are regarded as a part of the companies’ sustainability efforts and their social responsibility activities.^[27] About 40% of Fortune 500 companies provide monetary donations, also known as volunteer grants, to nonprofits as a way to recognize employees who dedicate significant amounts of time to volunteering in the community.^[28]

According to the information from VolunteerMatch, a service that provides Employee Volunteering Program solutions, the key drivers for companies that produce and manage EVPs are building brand awareness and affinity, strengthening trust and loyalty among consumers, enhancing corporate image and reputation, improving employee retention, increasing employee productivity and loyalty, and providing an effective vehicle to reach strategic goals.^[29]

In April 2015, David Cameron pledged to give all UK workers employed by companies with more 250 staff mandatory three days’ paid volunteering leave, which if implemented will generate an extra 360 million volunteering hours a year.^[30]

[edit]

Community volunteering, in the US called «community service», refers globally to those who work to improve their local community. This activity commonly occurs through not for profit organizations, local governments and churches; but also encompasses ad-hoc or informal groups such as recreational sports teams.^[31]

[edit]

In some European countries government organisations and non-government organisations provide auxiliary positions for a certain period in institutions like hospitals, schools, memorial sites and welfare institutions. The difference to other types of volunteering is that there are strict legal regulations, what organisation is allowed to engage volunteers and about the period a volunteer is allowed to work in a voluntary position. Due to that fact, the volunteer is getting a limited amount as a pocket money from the government. Organizations having the biggest manpower in Europe are the Voluntary social year (German: Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr), with more than 50.000 volunteers per year, and the Federal volunteers service (German: Bundesfreiwilligendienst), with about 30.000 to 40.000 volunteers per year.^[32][33][34]

Volunteering at major sporting events[edit]

25,000 volunteers worked at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. They supported the organisers in more than 20 functional areas: meeting guests, assisting navigation, organising the opening and closing ceremonies, organising food outlets, etc. Volunteer applications were open to any nationals of Russia and other countries. The Sochi 2014 Organising Committee received about 200,000 applications, 8 applicants per place. Volunteers received training over the course of more than a year at 26 volunteer centres in 17 cities across Russia. The majority of participants were between 17 and 22 years old. At the same time, 3000 applications were submitted from people over 55 years old. Some of them worked as volunteers during the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. It was the first experience with such a large-scale volunteer program in the contemporary Russia.

The FIFA World Cup in 2018 was supported by 17,040 volunteers of the Russia 2018 Local Organising Committee.^[35]

Medical Volunteering[edit]

Volunteering in the context of delivering medical care is referred to as medical volunteering. In general, medical volunteering has been lauded as a «ethical responsibility to aid the needy. The activities are often offered by both for profit and not for profit associations. Medical volunteers typically participate in unpaid medical volunteer programs in hospitals, clinics, and underserved areas. Typically, these regions are in underdeveloped nations or nations battling natural disasters, sickness, or violence. These activities typically involves volunteer physicians and nurses. Dental volunteering is a part of medical volunteering which predominantly focused on dental care.^[36]

Volunteer days, weeks and years[edit]

Designated days, weeks and years observed by a country or as designated by the United Nations to encourage volunteering / community service

• Global Youth Service Day
• International Volunteer Day
• International Year of Volunteers
• Join Hands Day
• Mandela Day
• MLK Day of service
• Mitzvah Day
• Random Acts of Kindness Day
• Sewa Day
• Make A Difference Day
• World Kindness Day

Political view[edit]

Modern societies share a common value of people helping each other; not only do volunteer acts assist others, but they also benefit the volunteering individual on a personal level.^[37] Despite having similar objectives, tension can arise between volunteers and state-provided services. In order to curtail this tension, most countries develop policies and enact legislation to clarify the roles and relationships among governmental stakeholders and their voluntary counterparts; this regulation identifies and allocates the necessary legal, social, administrative, and financial support of each party. This is particularly necessary when some voluntary activities are seen as a challenge to the authority of the state (e.g., on 29 January 2001, President Bush cautioned that volunteer groups should supplement—not replace—government agencies’ work).^[38]

Volunteering that benefits the state but challenges paid counterparts angers labor unions that represent those who are paid for their volunteer work; this is particularly seen in combination departments, such as volunteer fire departments.

Difficulties in cross-national aid[edit]

Difficulties in the cross-national aid model of volunteering can arise when it is applied across national borders. The presence of volunteers who are sent from one state to another can be viewed as a breach of sovereignty and showing a lack of respect towards the national government of the proposed recipients. Thus, motivations are important when states negotiate offers to send aid and when these proposals are accepted, particularly if donors may postpone assistance or stop it altogether. Three types of conditionality have evolved:

1. Financial accountability: Transparency in funding management to ensure that what is done by the volunteers is properly targeted
2. Policy reform: Governmental request that developing countries adopt certain social, economic, or environmental policies; often, the most controversial relate to the privatization of services traditionally offered by the state
3. Development objectives: Asking developing countries to adjust specific time-bound economic objectives

Some international volunteer organizations define their primary mission as being altruistic: to fight poverty and improve the living standards of people in the developing world, (e.g. Voluntary Services Overseas has almost 2,000 skilled professionals working as volunteers to pass on their expertise to local people so that the volunteers’ skills remain long after they return home). When these organizations work in partnership with governments, the results can be impressive. However, when other organizations or individual First World governments support the work of volunteer groups, there can be questions as to whether the organizations’ or governments’ real motives are poverty alleviation. Instead, a focus on creating wealth for some of the poor or developing policies intended to benefit the donor states is sometimes reported.^[39] Many low-income countries’ economies suffer from industrialization without prosperity and investment without growth. One reason for this is that development assistance guides many Third World governments to pursue development policies that have been wasteful, ill-conceived, or unproductive; some of these policies have been so destructive that the economies could not have been sustained without outside support.^[40]

Indeed, some offers of aid have distorted the general spirit of volunteering, treating local voluntary action as contributions in kind, i.e., existing conditions requiring the modification of local people’s behavior in order for them to earn the right to donors’ charity. This can be seen as patronizing and offensive to the recipients because the aid expressly serves the policy aims of the donors rather than the needs of the recipients.

Moral resources, political capital and civil society[edit]

Based on a case study in China, Xu and Ngai (2011) revealed that the developing grassroots volunteerism can be an enclave among various organizations and may be able to work toward the development of civil society in the developing countries. The researchers developed a «Moral Resources and Political Capital» approach to examine the contributions of volunteerism in promoting the civil society. Moral resource means the available morals could be chosen by NGOs. Political capital means the capital that will improve or enhance the NGOs’ status, possession or access in the existing political system.^[41]

Moreover, Xu and Ngai (2011) distinguished two types of Moral Resources: Moral Resource-I and Moral Resource-II (ibid).

1. Moral Resource I: Inspired by Immanuel Kant’s (1998 [1787]) argument of «What ought I to do,» Moral Resource-I will encourage the NGOs’ confidence and then have the courage to act and conquer difficulties by way of answering and confirming the question of «What ought I to do.»^[42]
2. Moral Resource II: given that Adorno (2000) recognizes that moral or immoral tropes are socially determined, Moral Resource-II refers to the morals that are well accepted by the given society.^[43]

Thanks to the intellectual heritage of Blau and Duncan (1967), two types of political capital were identified:

1. Political Capital-I refers to the political capital mainly ascribed to the status that the NGO inherited throughout history (e.g., the CYL).
2. Political Capital-II refers to the Political Capital that the NGOs earned through their hard efforts.^[44]

Obviously, «Moral resource-I itself contains the self-determination that gives participants confidence in the ethical beliefs they have chosen»,^[45] almost any organizations may have Moral Resource-I, while not all of them have the societal recognized Moral Resource-II. However, the voluntary service organizations predominantly occupy Moral Resource-II because a sense of moral superiority makes it possible that for parties with different values, goals and cultures to work together in promoting the promotion of volunteering. Thus the voluntary service organizations are likely to win the trust and support of the masses as well as the government more easily than will the organizations whose morals are not accepted by mainstream society. In other words, Moral Resource II helps the grassroots organizations with little Political Capital I to win Political Capital-II, which is a crucial factor for their survival and growth in developing countries such as China. Therefore, the voluntary service realm could be an enclave of the development of civil society in the developing nations.^[41]

Potential benefits of volunteering[edit]

Academic[edit]

Volunteering for community service as part of a college curriculum (service-learning) provides opportunities for students to surround themselves with new people which helps them learn how to work together as a group, improve teamwork and relational skills, reduce stereotypes, and increases appreciation of other cultures.^[9] Students participating in service-learning programs are shown to have more positive attitudes toward self, attitudes toward school and learning, civic engagement, social skills, and academic performance.^[46][47] They are also more likely to complete their degree.^[48][49]

Longevity[edit]

Volunteers are observed to have a reduced mortality risk compared to non-volunteers.^[50] Therefore, it is worth noting that the various types of work as a volunteer and psychological effects of such altruistic work may produce enough side-effects to contribute to a longer and more fulfilling life. A systematic review shows that adults over age of 65 years who volunteer may experience improved physical and mental health and potentially reduced mortality.^[51]

Mental health[edit]

A worldwide survey was conducted in a study, suggesting that people who experience the highest levels of happiness are the most successful in terms of close relationships and volunteer work.^[52] In comparison, charity in the form of monetary donations, which is another form of altruism (volunteering being one of them) is also known to have a similar effect.^[53][54] Another study finds that helping others is associated with higher levels of mental health, above and beyond the benefits of receiving help.^[55] On the subject of service-learning, undergraduate students who volunteered 1 to 9 hours per week were less likely to feel depressed than students who did not volunteer.^[56] Among people aged 65 years old or above, volunteering may reduce the risk of depression.^[51]

Statistics[edit]

In the United States, statistics on volunteering have historically been limited, according to volunteerism expert Susan J. Ellis.^[57] In 2013, the U.S. Current Population Survey included a volunteering supplement which produced statistics on volunteering.^[58]

Criticisms[edit]

In the 1960s, Ivan Illich offered an analysis of the role of American volunteers in Mexico in his speech entitled «To Hell With Good Intentions». His concerns, along with those of critics such as Paulo Freire and Edward Said, revolve around the notion of altruism as an extension of Christian missionary ideology. In addition, he mentions the sense of responsibility/obligation as a factor, which drives the concept of noblesse oblige—first developed by the French aristocracy as a moral duty derived from their wealth. Simply stated, these apprehensions propose the extension of power and authority over indigenous cultures around the world. Recent critiques of volunteering come from Westmier and Kahn (1996) and bell hooks (née Gloria Watkins) (2004). Also, Georgeou (2012) has critiqued the impact of neoliberalism on international aid volunteering.

The field of the medical tourism (referring to volunteers who travel overseas to deliver medical care) has recently attracted negative criticism when compared to the alternative notion of sustainable capacities, i.e., work done in the context of long-term, locally-run, and foreign-supported infrastructures. A preponderance of this criticism appears largely in scientific and peer-reviewed literature.^[59][60][61] Recently, media outlets with more general readerships have published such criticisms as well.^[62] This type of volunteering is pejoratively referred to as «medical voluntourism».^[63]

Another problem noted with volunteering is that it can be used to replace low paid entry positions. This can act to decrease social mobility, with only those capable of affording to work without payment able to gain the experience.^[64] Trade unions in the United Kingdom (UK) have warned that long term volunteering is a form of exploitation, used by charities to avoid minimum wage legislation.^[65] Some sectors now expect candidates for paid roles to have undergone significant periods of volunteer experience whether relevant to the role or not, setting up ‘Volunteer Credentialism’.^[66]

Volunteers can be exposed to stressful situations and attitudes, which can cause them to suffer from burnout which in turn reduces their activism and overall well-being.^[67] There is also a clear evidence that volunteering can become a moral obligation that prompts feelings of guilt when not performed.^[68]

See also[edit]

• Association for Leaders in Volunteer Engagement (AL!VE)
• Association for Volunteer Administration (AVA)
• Avocation
• Community service
• Crossing guard
• European Solidarity Corps
• Federal volunteers service
• International volunteering
• List of volunteer awards
• Micro-volunteering
• PeaceCorps
• Pro bono
• Subbotnik
• Scout leader
• Technisches Hilfswerk (THW)
• Voluntarism
• Voluntary social year

References[edit]

• Geiser, Ch.; Okun, M. A.; Grano, C. (2014). «Who is motivated to volunteer? A latent profile analysis linking volunteer motivation to frequency of volunteering». Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling. 56(1). pp. 3–24.

Further reading[edit]

• Georgeou, Nichole, Neoliberalism, Development, and Aid Volunteering, New York: Routledge, 2012. ISBN 9780415809153

External links[edit]

• Volunteering at Curlie
• Volunteerism and legislation: a Guidance Note Inter-Parliamentary Union, United Nations Volunteers, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2004

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ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЕ СЛОВА VOLUNTEERISM

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКАЯ КАТЕГОРИЯ СЛОВА VOLUNTEERISM

ЧТО ОЗНАЧАЕТ СЛОВО VOLUNTEERISM

Значение слова volunteerism в словаре английский языка

Определение волонтерства в словаре — это принцип дарения времени и энергии на благо других людей в обществе как социальная ответственность, а не за любое финансовое вознаграждение.

The definition of volunteerism in the dictionary is the principle of donating time and energy for the benefit of other people in the community as a social responsibility rather than for any financial reward.

СЛОВА, РИФМУЮЩИЕСЯ СО СЛОВОМ VOLUNTEERISM

ПЕРЕВОД СЛОВА VOLUNTEERISM

Посмотрите перевод слова volunteerism на 25 языков с помощью нашего многоязыкового переводчика c английский языка.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНА «VOLUNTEERISM»

Тенденции основных поисковых запросов и примеры использования слова volunteerism

ЧАСТОТА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНА «VOLUNTEERISM» С ТЕЧЕНИЕМ ВРЕМЕНИ

ЦИТАТЫ СО СЛОВОМ «VOLUNTEERISM»

Известные цитаты и высказывания со словом volunteerism.

КНИГИ НА АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫКЕ, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К СЛОВУ «VOLUNTEERISM»

Поиск случаев использования слова volunteerism в следующих библиографических источниках. Книги, относящиеся к слову volunteerism, и краткие выдержки из этих книг для получения представления о контексте использования этого слова в литературе на английский языке.

НОВОСТИ, В КОТОРЫХ ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ТЕРМИН «VOLUNTEERISM»

Здесь показано, как национальная и международная пресса использует термин volunteerism в контексте приведенных ниже новостных статей.

ССЫЛКИ

« EDUCALINGO. Volunteerism [онлайн]. Доступно на <https://educalingo.com/ru/dic-en/volunteerism>. Апр 2023 ».

Are you considering volunteering? Are you wondering whether or not volunteering is worth the effort? Or does volunteerism not appeal to you as much? This blog will assuage all your doubts about volunteering. Here is everything you need to know about volunteerism and why it is important!

Table of contents

• What is Volunteering?
• What Does Volunteering Mean To You?
• Why is Volunteering Important?
• Surprising Benefits of Volunteering 
• How Volunteering can help Change the World?

This Blog Includes:

1. Table of contents
2. What is Volunteering?
3. What Does Volunteering Mean To You?
4. Why is Volunteering Important?
5. Surprising Benefits of Volunteering 
6. How Volunteering can help Change the World?

What is Volunteering?

Many people describe volunteering as merely an unpaid job wherein you put in the effort and get nothing in return. While you are not remunerated for volunteering, it is not true that you get absolutely nothing in return. Volunteering is one of the most challenging and rewarding opportunities you will ever encounter. It gives you the chance to bring a change in the people around you, and in the process, it also changes you. The gratification you can obtain by playing a positive role in someone else’s life is unparalleled. 

Above all, volunteering is a way of giving back to the community while also developing essential social skills and gaining valuable experiences. If you wish to make a huge difference in the world around you, you will have to go all for it; you will have to go above and beyond what is asked of you. What makes one a good volunteer is their passion and enthusiasm to bring some kind of positive change through their work. 

What Does Volunteering Mean To You?

Why is Volunteering Important?

Volunteering is important because it offers the crucial help that is needed in causes that hold value. It is important to volunteer because most non-profit organisations and charities are only partially funded. Therefore, most organisations bank on the generosity and compassion of the volunteers to extend help to the needy. Volunteerism helps such a noble group of people to keep thriving and do valuable work.

Doing work that makes a positive difference in the lives of other people improves your mental and physical health. Volunteering can help reduce stress, depression, keep you motivated, and provide you with a sense of purpose. It need not be a long-term commitment, you can help those in need in smaller and simpler ways too!

Surprising Benefits of Volunteering 

Here are some of the benefits you receive from volunteering:

1. Volunteering makes you social: One of the most notable advantages of volunteering is the effect you leave on the community as a whole. It permits you to form a strong bond with those around you. Remember that even small acts of kindness can make a real difference. Also, volunteering is as beneficial to you as it is to the community. Devoting your time as a volunteer assists you with making new companions, growing your organization, and lifting your social abilities.

1. Volunteering boosts self-esteem: You are doing useful things for other people and the community, which gives a characteristic feeling of achievement. Your part as a volunteer can likewise give you a feeling of pride and purpose. Furthermore, the better you feel about yourself, the better perspective you have on your life and future objectives. Volunteering can give a feeling of direction. Whatever your age or life circumstance be, volunteering can help you to take a break from your own concerns, keep you intellectually invigorated, and add more zeal to your life.

1. Volunteering can advance your career: In case you’re thinking about taking up another profession, volunteering can assist you with getting experience in your field of interest and meeting individuals in the same field. Regardless of whether or not you’re thinking of changing your job, Volunteering offers you the chance to obtain significant abilities that are valued in the working environment, like collaboration, correspondence, critical thinking, management, and association. 

1. Volunteering helps you stay healthy: Volunteering can be significant for emotional well-being. It can help reduce anxiety, stress, and depression. Surely, the social contact which is a part of helping other people can profoundly affect your general mental prosperity. Studies have tracked down that the individuals who volunteer have a lower death rate than the individuals who do not. More seasoned volunteers are less inclined to foster stress and have better-thinking abilities. Volunteering can likewise diminish the side effects of chronic pain and lessen the risk of coronary illness.

How Volunteering can help Change the World?

Also Read

• ITMO Volunteer Center Wins MHRD National Contest 
• Top Fellowship Programs in India and the World

That was all about What is Volunteerism and Why is it Important. While being important in several ways, volunteering can be fun and exploratory. Do not be hesitant, and enjoy yourself. That being said, you should also ensure that you are aware of what is expected of you. Be a volunteer, and see how it can work wonders for you! For more such informative content, follow Leverage Edu.

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