Table of Contents
- Is it correct to say spelt or spelled?
- Is spelt a Scrabble word?
- When did spelt become a word?
- Which is correct misspelled or misspelt?
- What word is spelt incorrectly in dictionary?
- Why spelling is called Spelling?
- Is spelt a word UK?
- What spelling means?
- What is spelt word in English grammar?
- Is there such a word as misspelled?
- What is mean by misspelt words?
- Is spilt a real word?
- Which word is spelled correctly?
- How to spell a word correctly?
- Which do you use spelled or spelt?
Spelt is a grain that’s closely related to wheat. The word spelt is as ancient as the grain itself, going back to Proto-Indo-European language and the word spel, meaning “to split or break off,” possibly because of the way spelt husks split during threshing.
Is it correct to say spelt or spelled?
It’s true; the American English past tense form is spelled. In other varieties of English, both spelled and spelt are common. So, if you’re in the United States, you would probably write it like this: The past tense of the verb “spell” can be spelled in two ways.
Is spelt a Scrabble word?
Yes, spelt is in the scrabble dictionary.
When did spelt become a word?
Both spelled and spelt are old, and examples of each are easily found in historical Google Books searches covering the 17th and 18th centuries. It is true, however, that spelt was ascendant everywhere through most of the 19th century. This ended when Americans permanently settled on spelled around 1900.
Which is correct misspelled or misspelt?
Mis- is a prefix that means “wrong” or “mistaken.” When you add it to the verb spell, it means to spell incorrectly. The correct spelling is misspell.
What word is spelt incorrectly in dictionary?
The right answer to the Puzzle is “Incorrectly.” As per the puzzle, the Word that is spelled incorrectly in the dictionary is “Incorrectly.” This particular riddle is to check your thinking & grammatical skill.
Why spelling is called Spelling?
The (mostly) Anglo-French spell, referring to reading slowly, enters English in the 14th century. In the 16th century, people began “spelling” words—that is, they began naming individual letters of a word in their proper order. And it didn’t take long for figurative use of the verb to develop.
Is spelt a word UK?
If you’re following US writing conventions, use spelled. If you’re following UK writing conventions, use spelt. (If you’re referring to the wheat, use spelt.)
What spelling means?
1 : the forming of words from letters according to accepted usage : orthography. 2a : a sequence of letters composing a word. b : the way in which a word is spelled.
What is spelt word in English grammar?
Spelt is a past tense and past participle form of spell.
Is there such a word as misspelled?
Misspell is the correct spelling. Mispell is a common error. The past tense of misspell is misspelled in American English. However, in other varieties of English, misspelt is also acceptable.
What is mean by misspelt words?
Misspelt is defined as you spelled a word incorrectly. When you wrote down a word with an incorrect spelling, this is an example of a time when you misspelt the word.
Is spilt a real word?
Spilt is an accepted word in Word with Friends having 9 points. Spilt is a 5 letter medium Word starting with S and ending with T. Below are Total 32 words made out of this word. 1). pits 2). tils 3). lits 4). slip 5). list 6). lisp 7). lips 8). slit 9). spit 10). tips 11). silt
Which word is spelled correctly?
On the Word menu, click Preferences > Spelling & Grammar. In the Spelling & Grammar dialog box, under Spelling, check or clear the Check spelling as you type box. Under Grammar, check or clear the Check grammar as you type box. Close the dialog box to save your changes.
How to spell a word correctly?
21 Easy way to avoid common spelling mistakes & spell words correctly Use mnemonics. We agree that memorizing information can be typical. Learn commonly misspelled words. Check word origins in the dictionary. Chunk it. Sound it out. Draw a picture. Learn a few rules. Make a list of the words you have trouble spelling. Play word games. Watch out for homophones.
Which do you use spelled or spelt?
If you’re following US writing conventions,use “spelled.”
Asked by: Zora Goyette
Score: 4.5/5
(59 votes)
Yes, spelts is in the scrabble dictionary.
Is spelt the past tense of spell?
The verb spell commonly means to write or name the letters making up a word in the right order. Spell is a verb with irregular and regular forms. Spelled and spelt are both common forms of the past tense and the past participle of spell, though with geographical differences.
Is Glas a scrabble word?
No, glas is not in the scrabble dictionary.
Is bridged a scrabble word?
Yes, bridged is in the scrabble dictionary.
How do you use spelt in a sentence?
Spelt sentence example. Wheat, barley and spelt were the leading crops. It may be added that Retz himself always spelt his designation «Rais.»
39 related questions found
Is it GREY or gray?
Gray and grey are both common spellings of the color between black and white. Gray is more frequent in American English, whereas grey is more common in British English. … Of the two, gray occurs more frequently in American English, while grey has historically been the spelling preferred by British English publications.
Is it correct to say smelt or smelled?
Smelled is the past tense of smell in both North American and British English. Smelt is also used as the past tense of smell in British English. Brits use smelled and smelt interchangeably, but speakers in North America rarely use smelt. Smelt also has meanings unrelated to smelling.
Is Learnt a real word?
Both versions of the word are actually correct and widely used in the English-speaking world, but there is one small difference between the two words. ‘Learned’ is the preferred way of spelling in the US and Canada, while ‘learnt’ is favoured in British English.
Is it spelled or spelt UK?
Is it spelt or spelled? No need to argue; they’re both allowed! Spelled is by far the most common past tense form in America, and spelt used to be the most common past tense form in Britain and still gives spelled a run for its money.
Is Learnt Old English?
These are alternative forms of the past tense and past participle of the verb learn. Both are acceptable, but learned is often used in both British English and American English, while learnt is much more common in British English than in American English.
What is the synonym of Learnt?
In this page you can discover 35 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for learnt, like: unearthed, determined, taught, discovered, studied, acquired, mastered, memorialized, memorized, read and assimilated.
Was Learnt in a sentence?
I have never learnt the art of sailing. If I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way. For I am a plodding kind of fellow, Copperfield, and had learnt the way of doing such things pithily.
What type of verb is smelled?
“ Smells” is a linking verb in this sentence. It connects the subject, cake, with information about that subject—it smells good.
Why is grey spelled gray?
“Gray” and “grey” are two different ways of spelling the word; neither is technically “right.” There’s no difference in its meanings, and each comes from the same word: the Old English “grǽg.” Throughout the 14th century, examples appear of the word being spelled as both “greye” and “graye” in prominent works of …
Is grey a color or a shade?
Grey or gray (American English alternative; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral color or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color «without color», because it can be composed of black and white.
Is gray spelled with an A or an E?
When it comes to whether it is “gray” or “grey,” it depends on where you live. If you live in the United States, you will use the spelling “gray” with an “a” in American English. If you write and speak British English, you’ll spell the color as “grey” with an “e.”
What is the word misspelled mean?
transitive verb. : to spell incorrectly The name of the town was misspelled on the map.
What is the meaning of Spelt word?
Spelt is a grain that’s closely related to wheat. … The word spelt is as ancient as the grain itself, going back to Proto-Indo-European language and the word spel, meaning «to split or break off,» possibly because of the way spelt husks split during threshing.
How do you write the word weird?
Summary: Weird or Wierd? “Weird” is an adjective that means “uncanny or strange.” People often misspell it as “wierd,” perhaps because they want to apply the “i before e” spelling rule. To avoid making this mistake, then, keep in mind that this word has a “weird” spelling!
Has or had meaning?
‘Has‘ is the third person singular present tense of ‘have’ while ‘had’ is the third person singular past tense and past participle of ‘have. ‘ 2. Both are transitive verbs, but ‘has’ is used in sentences that talk about the present while ‘had’ is used in sentences that talk about the past.
What is difference between had and have?
The main fact about have and had is that both are different forms of the verb ‘to have. ‘ Have is a present form while had is the past form. As an auxiliary verb, have is used in the case of present perfect tense. On the other hand, the auxiliary verb had is used in the case of past perfect tense.
spell — перевод на русский
/spɛl/
They won’t get my filter to undo the spell I cast.
= Они не получат моё колдовское зелье, чтобы отменить наложенное заклинание.
This is the filter you wanted to undo the spell.
= Это то зелье, которое вам нужно, чтобы отменить наложенное мною заклинание.
If I return your filter, promise to undo the spell and not harm us?
= Если я верну вам ваше зелье,… = Вы пообещаете снять заклинание, и больше не вредить нам?
Do you remember the spell?
Ты помнишь заклинание?
The spell can only work if we’re held prisoners.
Заклинание может работать, если мы считаемся заключенными.
Показать ещё примеры для «заклинание»…
When we see each other, the spell is lifted, and a song plays.
Когда мы увидим друг друга, заклятие спадёт и заиграет песня.
He was furiously angry because he was made to undo his spell.
Он совсем разъярился от того, что ему пришлось снять заклятие
He cast a fiendish spell on two boys at school.
Он наложил жестокое заклятие на двух мальчиков в школе.
I think he feels… he’s under some sort of spell or curse, you see.
Мне кажется, он чувствует… что на него наложено какое-то заклятие.
On the contrary, he can, if the spell has sufficient power.
Напротив, он может, если заклятие имеет достаточную силу.
Показать ещё примеры для «заклятие»…
Dancer, how do you spell married?
Дэнсер, как пишется «женился»?
Polly, how do you spell married?
Полли, как пишется «женился»?
— How do you spell «omelet»?
— Как пишется «омлет»?
Would you mind spelling it?
Позвольте, а как это пишется?
Want to know how to spell my name?
Хотите знать, как пишется моё имя?
Показать ещё примеры для «пишется»…
No spell can get to him.
Чары на него никогда не действуют.
You’re going to end Aruan’s spell.
Ты должна покончить с этим. Разрушь чары Аруана.
The spell of your magic glass is ended, Ganor!
Чары волшебного стекла закончились, Ганор!
But you’ve won over her, the spell is broken.
Но вы ее победили, чары разрушены.
From the devil, the accused obtained power of sickness and death over others, and in order to harm her master, Mr. Mouliné, she cast an evil spell on his youngest son.
Обвиняемая получала от дьявола силу вызывать болезни и смерть других, и, чтобы причинить вред своему господину, месье Мулине, она наложила злые чары на его младшего сына.
Показать ещё примеры для «чары»…
How do you spell it?
Продиктуй по буквам.
Spell it, darling.
По буквам, дорогая.
— How do you spell it?
— А по буквам?
Don’t spell it.
Не надо по буквам.
— Do I have to spell it out?
— Мне повторить по буквам?
Показать ещё примеры для «по буквам»…
— How do you spell it?
— А как же это писать?
Think I can’t spell my own name?
Думаешь, я не умею писать своё имя?
— Tell them you can’t spell.
-Скажи им, что не умеешь писать.
This lady can’t spell anything.
— Она, наверно, и писать не умеет.
How do you want to spell it?
Интересно, как же ещё его писать?
Показать ещё примеры для «писать»…
It’s good spelling but it Wobbles.
— А что ещё? — Надо написать так: «Поздравляю с днём рождения!
Now, I doubt he could even spell IQ.
Теперь я сомневаюсь, что он может даже написать IQ.
Just because I couldn’t spell it.
Потому, что я не могу написать это.
— Can you spell that?
— Можешь написать?
— I can’t even spell that.
— Я даже написать это не могу.
Показать ещё примеры для «написать»…
Master, have you thought that perhaps this girl could be the one to break the spell?
Хозяин, Вы не думали, что эта девушка может разрушить заклятье?
Break the spell, Ethan.
Разорви заклятье, Итан.
— What kind of spell?
— Какое заклятье?
The spell’s gonna get her back.
Заклятье вернет ее.
Показать ещё примеры для «заклятье»…
Laura’s spelling has improved a great deal.
Правописание Лоры значительно улучшилось.
Can I go over to Henriette’s after dinner to practice spelling?
Можно я зайду после обеда к Генриетте попрактиковать правописание?
I didn’t really read it for content. I mostly corrected your spelling and grammar.
Я читал не ради содержания, а чтобы подкорректировать правописание и грамматику.
You must pay attention to spelling, but otherwise, it’s interesting.
Нужно обратить внимание на правописание, но все равно было интересно.
You can’t imagine what his spelling is like!
Вы не можете себе представить, как выглядит его правописание!
Показать ещё примеры для «правописание»…
It is the same, simple spelling question.
Это одно и то же; простой вопрос орфографии.
The old school teachers who have a plan to standardize spelling, the strategists, the water diviners, the faith healers, the enlightened, all those who live with their obsessions, the failures, the dead beats, the harmless monsters mocked by bartenders
Старые школьные учителя, которые вынашивают планы по стандартизации орфографии, стратеги, прорицатели, целители, просветители, все, кого одолевают навязчивые идеи, неудачники, голодранцы, безобидные придурки, высмеиваемые барменами, наполняющие стаканы до самых краёв, так, что им не донести их до рта,
You know how to spell.
Я понимаю самую суть орфографии.
Okay, I know you got a «crocodile» in spelling, but this has gone too far.
Так. Я знаю, что ты не гений орфографии, но с меня хватит.
My favorite hotel is the Four Seasons in Maui, and I’m the best speller in the class.
Мой любимый отель — «Четыре Сезона» в мауи и я лучшая в классе по орфографии.
Показать ещё примеры для «орфографии»…
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Предложения со словом «spelt»
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So a primary school teacher sent you this poorly spelt barrage of filth? |
Хотите сказать, что учительница начальных классов шлет вам эту криво написанную мерзость? |
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Served with spelt millet loaf and garden arugula with pronounced astringent nuts. |
Подаётся с пшённо — полбовым хлебом и садовой рукколой с ярко выраженным терпким ореховым вкусом. |
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The reality of our situation can be spelt out in even more graphic terms. |
Наши реалии можно обрисовать еще более наглядно. |
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Rathe is Eh Tar’ spelt backwards. |
В английском написании Рэйт — это Э Тар наоборот. |
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‘I found myself alone in a primitive land ‘where phantasm, spelt with PH not F, abounded. |
Я увидел себя, одинокого, в первобытной стране которая была переполнена иллюзиями. |
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I have a rickety set, a leading man whose voice changed at 3:00 pm today, and my name is spelt wrong in the programme! |
У меня ненадёжные актёры, исполнитель главной мужской роли, чей голос изменился сегодня в три часа дня и моё имя неправильно напечатали в програмке! |
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It also accounts for Kathryn, lsybel and Ethyl all spelt with a Y. |
Из — за него пишут Кэтрин, Изабель и Этил через . |
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And commanded that salt and spelt be scattered. |
И приказал рассыпать соль и пшено. |
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Almond butter, soy milk, non-soy dairy-based soy sauce, steel-cut spelt husk, |
Миндальное масло, соевое молоко, несоевый соевый соус на основе соевого молока. отбитая шелуха пшеницы, |
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Her presence had spelt security. |
Ее присутствие создавало ощущение надежности. |
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With some difficulty Muriel spelt it out. |
С некоторыми затруднениями Мюриель по складам прочитала заповедь. |
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The initials spelt out Lyonel the Second. it was feared that the German paratroopers would be disguised as nuns. |
И инициалы складывались в Лайонел Второй. Итак, во время Второй Мировой ходил страх, что немецкие парашютисты высадятся переодетыми в монашек. |
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A child who hath just learnt his letters would have spelt this letter out in less time than Jones took in reading it. |
Ребенок, только что выучивший азбуку, потратил бы на чтение этого письма меньше времени, чем Джонс. |
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Well, well, cried the sacrilegious forger, have you not yet spelt out your daisy-petals? |
Ну, где же вы! — крикнул им лжесвященник. — Все еще обрываете лепестки маргариток? |
|
You may fancy my state when I read your poor dear old ill-spelt letter. |
Можешь представить себе мое состояние, когда я прочитала твое милое бедное безграмотное письмо! |
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Tony, says Mr. Guppy, uncrossing and recrossing his legs, how do you suppose he spelt out that name of Hawdon? |
Тони, — говорит мистер Гаппи, положив ногу на ногу, — каким образом он сумел разобрать в этих письмах фамилию Хоудона, как ты думаешь? |
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Like the drink only not spelt the same. |
Как напиток только буквы другие. |
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Has salt and spelt been scattered? |
Пшено и соль были рассыпаны ? |
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Only not spelt the same. |
Только буквы другие. |
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Which is spelt with an S, Sweet Bianca. |
Его имя пишется через Й, милая Бьянка. |
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And California here is spelt with two Ls and it’s called a large country in the West Indies. |
Калифорния была написана с двумя л. Это большая страна в Вест — Индии. |
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The decorated tin-glaze of Renaissance Italy is called maiolica, sometimes pronounced and spelt majolica by English speakers and authors. |
Украшенная оловянной глазурью Италия эпохи Возрождения называется майолика, иногда произносится и пишется майолика англоязычными авторами. |
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DrKiernan — I agree it isn’t broken — just that it currently isn’t spelt out on the article page. |
Д — р Кирнан — я согласен, что он не сломан — просто в настоящее время он не прописан на странице статьи. |
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The MOS says, I’m pretty sure, that acronyms should appear in parentheses after the first occurrence of a spelt-out item. |
В MOS сказано, я почти уверен, что аббревиатуры должны появляться в скобках после первого появления прописанного элемента. |
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Similarly the name of the article on the Nordic god Ægir is so spelt , with redirects from the ligature-free form Aegir and the Swedish spelling Ägir. |
Точно так же название статьи о скандинавском боге Эгире пишется так же, с перенаправлениями от свободной от лигатуры формы Эгир и шведского написания Эгир. |
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Grammeme, earlier spelt grameme, was the original term used by Pike’s school for what they went on to call the tagmeme. |
Граммема, ранее пишущаяся как грамма, была оригинальным термином, используемым школой пайка для того, что они продолжали называть тагмемой. |
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Prior to the Irish spelling review Ó Gríofa was spelt Ó Gríobhtha. |
До ирландского орфографического обозрения — Гриофа пишется — Гриобхта. |
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It seems Kwekwe, then spelt Que Que was called Sebakwe before the assumption of the name Que Que. |
Кажется, Квекве, тогда пишущееся Que Que называлось Себакве до принятия имени Que Que. |
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The devanagri version of hindi is spelt wrong. |
Деванагри версия хинди пишется неправильно. |
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Howle, also spelt Howl, is a small village in Shropshire, England, in a rural area some five miles to the north-west of the town of Newport. |
Хоул, также пишется как Хоул, — это небольшая деревня в Шропшире, Англия, в сельской местности примерно в пяти милях к северо — западу от города Ньюпорт. |
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He spelt his name Brass in early life, and Brasse in later years. |
В молодости он писал свое имя брасс, а в более поздние годы — Брасс. |
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If you look at Salvador Dalí, you will see that the English WP article has his name spelt with the accent, which is the correct orthography for his native language. |
Если вы посмотрите на Сальвадора Дали, вы увидите, что в английской статье WP его имя пишется с акцентом, что является правильной орфографией для его родного языка. |
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The railway era spelt disaster for most turnpike trusts. |
Эпоха железных дорог обернулась катастрофой для большинства трестов магистралей. |
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The crest was updated following comments last year from another wiki user saying that the way Beta Chi Theta was spelt in the crest was incorrect. |
Гребень был обновлен после комментариев в прошлом году от другого пользователя wiki, сказавшего, что способ написания бета — Чи — тета в гребне был неправильным. |
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The crest was updated following comments last year from another wiki user saying that the way Beta Chi Theta was spelt in the crest was incorrect. |
Гребень был обновлен после комментариев в прошлом году от другого пользователя wiki, сказавшего, что способ написания бета — Чи — тета в гребне был неправильным. |
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Obviously this must be spelt incorrectly in the Browser, it wouldn’t occur otherwise. |
Очевидно, что это должно быть неправильно написано в браузере, иначе это не произойдет. |
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However, if i asked someone to spell it, it would be spelt Aluminium. |
Однако, если бы я попросил кого — то произнести его по буквам, это был бы алюминий спельты. |
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Although capture is the more common objective, warfare has in some cases spelt complete destruction for a city. |
Хотя захват является более распространенной целью, война в некоторых случаях приводит к полному разрушению города. |
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The bird’s name is spelt with a lower-case k and, being a word of Māori origin, normally stays as kiwi when pluralised. |
Имя птицы пишется со строчной буквы k и, будучи словом маорийского происхождения, обычно остается как киви, когда оно множественное. |
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In English this majolica is never spelt with an i. It is however pronounced both with a hard j as in major and with a soft j as in maiolica. |
В английском языке эта майолика никогда не пишется с i. однако она произносится как с твердым j, как в мажоре, так и с мягким j, как в майолике. |
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Also spelt ephebephilia — I’m not sure which is the prefered or most common spelling . |
Также пишется эфебефилия — я не уверен, что является предпочтительным или наиболее распространенным написанием. |
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The Little Ice Age spelt the death knell of northern viticulture. |
Малый ледниковый период был похоронным звоном для северного виноградарства. |
|
A redirect from Cearbhall O’Dalaigh would be OK, but the main article would have to be spelt in the correct manner. |
Редирект из Сирбхолла О’Далей был бы в порядке, но основная статья должна была бы быть написана правильно. |
|
The examples you give are just as correct if the are spelt as Attache, Naive, Encyclopaedia. |
Примеры, которые вы приводите, так же правильны, если они пишутся как атташе, наивный, энциклопедия. |
|
Could editors please confirm for me that Mitterrand is spelt with two ‘r’s? |
Не могли бы редакторы ПОДТВЕРДИТЬ Для меня, что Миттеран пишется с двумя Р? |
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The end of the battle of Dumlupınar spelt the beginning of the end for the Greek presence in Anatolia. |
Окончание битвы при Думлупинаре означало начало конца греческого присутствия в Анатолии. |
|
Donn mentions in his Mathematical Tables, 1789, that he has added a final e to his name; but on the title-page the name is spelt Donn. |
Донн упоминает в своих математических таблицах 1789 года, что он добавил последнее е к своему имени; но на титульном листе имя пишется Донн. |
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Ovid states that in most ancient times there were no animal sacrifices and gods were propitiated with offerings of spelt and pure salt. |
Овидий утверждает, что в древнейшие времена не было никаких жертвоприношений животным, а богов умилостивляли приношениями из полбы и чистой соли. |
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Similarly original qu and x are spelt kw and ks, respectively. |
Аналогично оригинальной ку и Х спельты кВ и КС, соответственно. |
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Halichondrites, sometimes mis-spelt Halicondrites is an extinct genus of sea sponge known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. |
Галихондриты, иногда неправильно написанные Галикондриты — это вымерший род морских губок, известный из сланцев среднего кембрия Берджесса. |
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The sentence already contains a link to the law of conservation of energy, which does not need to be spelt out there. |
В этом предложении уже содержится ссылка на закон сохранения энергии, который не нужно там излагать. |
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Like einkorn and spelt wheats, emmer is a hulled wheat. |
Как einkorn сортов пшеницы и спельты, полбы является очищенной пшеницы. |
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In other English-speaking countries, the term – often spelt coloured – has varied meanings. |
В других англоязычных странах этот термин — часто пишущийся цветным — имеет различные значения. |
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These ambiguities can be spelt out in an article on the Caucasus, but that detail is unnecessary in this general article. |
Эти двусмысленности могут быть изложены в статье о Кавказе, но эта деталь не нужна в этой общей статье. |
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His surname is sometimes also spelt Dive or Dives. |
Его фамилия иногда также пишется ныряльщик или ныряльщик. |
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His name was mistakenly spelt Earnest Rutherford when his birth was registered. |
Его имя было ошибочно записано Эрнест Резерфорд, когда его рождение было зарегистрировано. |
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The letters spelt the word “SERENITY”. |
На этих буквах было написано слово спокойствие. |
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The Name of the Prophet Muhammed needs to be spelt the way I have written it here. |
Имя пророка Мухаммеда должно быть написано так, как я его здесь написал. |
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Has to be edited, it is spelt ‘Dialogue’, not ‘Dialog’. |
Нужно отредактировать, это пишется диалог, а не Диалог. |
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Since BADDATEFORMAT disallows yyyy-mm, we must replace it with a spelt out format such as Dec 2013. |
Поскольку BADDATEFORMAT запрещает yyyy — mm, мы должны заменить его прописанным форматом, таким как Dec 2013. |
This article is about the wheat species. For the past tense and past participle of «spell», see Spelling.
Spelt (Triticum spelta), also known as dinkel wheat[2] or hulled wheat,[2] is a species of wheat that has been cultivated since approximately 5000 BC.
| Spelt | |
|---|---|
|
|
Scientific classification 
|
|
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Triticum |
| Species: |
T. spelta |
| Binomial name | |
| Triticum spelta
L. |
|
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Spelt was an important staple food in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times. Now it survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain, and it has found a new market as a health food. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat (Triticum aestivum), in which case its botanical name is considered to be Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta. Like common wheat, it is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.
Spelt, without and with husks
EvolutionEdit
Spelt has a complex history. It is a wheat species known from genetic evidence to have originated as a naturally occurring hybrid of a domesticated tetraploid wheat such as emmer wheat and the wild goat-grass Aegilops tauschii.
Genetic evidence shows that spelt wheat can also arise as the result of the hybridisation of bread wheat and emmer wheat, although only at some date following the initial Aegilops–tetraploid wheat hybridisation. The much later appearance of spelt in Europe might thus be the result of a later, second, hybridisation between emmer and bread wheat. Recent DNA evidence supports an independent origin for European spelt through this hybridisation.[3][4] Whether spelt has two separate origins in Asia and Europe, or single origin in the Near East, is currently unresolved.[3][5]
Terminological confusion with other hulled wheatsEdit
Especially in the context of descriptions of ancient cultures, there are many documents that use the English word spelt to refer to grains that, according to other sources, were not hexaploid T. spelta, but other species of hulled wheat such as tetraploid T. dicoccum (emmer wheat). This confusion may arise either from mistranslation of words found in other languages that can refer to hulled wheat in general without distinguishing between these species (such as Italian farro), or changing opinions about which actual species of wheat are described in texts written in ancient languages.
The meaning of the Ancient Greek word ζειά ([zeiá]) or ζέα is either uncertain or vague and has been argued to refer to T. dicoccum or T. monococcum[6] rather than T. spelta.[7] Likewise, the Ancient Roman grain denoted by the Latin word far, although often translated as «spelt», was in fact emmer (T. dicoccum).[8]
Similarly, references to the cultivation of spelt wheat in Biblical times (see matzo), in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are incorrect and result from confusion with emmer wheat.[9]
HistoryEdit
The earliest archaeological evidence of spelt is from the fifth millennium BC in Transcaucasia, north-east of the Black Sea, though the most abundant and best-documented archaeological evidence of spelt is in Europe.[10] Remains of spelt have been found in some later Neolithic sites (2500–1700 BC) in Central Europe.[10][11] During the Bronze Age, spelt spread widely in central Europe. In the Iron Age (750–15 BC), spelt became a principal wheat species in southern Germany and Switzerland, and by 500 BC, it was in common use in southern Britain.[10]
There is evidence that spelt cultivation increased in Iron Age Britain as damp regions of the country with heavy soils tolerated by spelt were being settled.[12]
In the Middle Ages, spelt was cultivated in parts of Switzerland, Tyrol, Germany, northern France and the southern Low Countries.[13] Spelt became a major crop in Europe in the 9th century AD, possibly because it is husked, unlike other grains, and therefore more adaptable to cold climates and is more suitable for storage.[14]
Spelt was introduced to the United States in the 1890s. In the 20th century, spelt was replaced by bread wheat in almost all areas where it was still grown. The organic farming movement revived its popularity somewhat toward the end of the century, as spelt requires less fertilizer.[15] Since the beginning of the 21st century, spelt has become a common wheat substitute for making artisanal loaves of bread, pasta, and flakes.[16] By 2014, the grain was popular in the UK with the crop being grown there as well as in Kazakhstan and Ukraine, with shortages reported.[17]
NutritionEdit
| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 1,415 kJ (338 kcal) |
|
Carbohydrates |
70.19 g |
| Starch | 53.92 g |
| Dietary fibre | 10.7 g |
|
Fat |
2.43 g |
| Polyunsaturated | 1.258 g |
|
Protein |
14.57 g |
| Vitamins | Quantity
%DV† |
| Thiamine (B1) |
32% 0.364 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) |
9% 0.113 mg |
| Niacin (B3) |
46% 6.843 mg |
| Vitamin B6 |
18% 0.230 mg |
| Folate (B9) |
11% 45 μg |
| Vitamin E |
5% 0.79 mg |
| Minerals | Quantity
%DV† |
| Calcium |
3% 27 mg |
| Iron |
34% 4.44 mg |
| Magnesium |
38% 136 mg |
| Manganese |
143% 3.0 mg |
| Phosphorus |
57% 401 mg |
| Potassium |
8% 388 mg |
| Sodium |
1% 8 mg |
| Zinc |
35% 3.28 mg |
| Other constituents | Quantity |
| Water | 11.02 g |
|
Full USDA Nutrient Report |
|
|
|
| †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. |
A 100-gram (3+1⁄2-ounce) reference serving of uncooked spelt provides 1,410 kilojoules (338 kilocalories) of food energy and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value) of protein, dietary fiber, several B vitamins, and numerous dietary minerals (table). Highest nutrient contents include manganese (143% DV), phosphorus (57% DV), and niacin (46% DV). Spelt contains about 70% total carbohydrates, including 11% as dietary fibre, and is low in fat (table).
Spelt contains gluten, and is therefore suitable for baking, but this component makes it unsuitable for people with gluten-related disorders,[18] such as celiac disease,[19] non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy.[18] In comparison to hard red winter wheat, spelt has a more soluble protein matrix characterized by a higher gliadin:glutenin ratio.[20][21]
ProductsEdit
In Germany and Austria, spelt loaves and rolls (Dinkelbrot) are widely available in bakeries, as is spelt flour in supermarkets. The unripe spelt grains are dried and eaten as Grünkern («green grain»).
In Poland, spelt breads and flour are commonly available as health foods and easy to find in bakeries.[citation needed]
Dutch jenever makers distill with spelt.[22] Beer brewed from spelt is sometimes seen in Bavaria[23] and Belgium,[24] and spelt is distilled to make vodka in Poland.[25]
See alsoEdit
- Khorasan wheat
- Farro
- Sorghum bicolor
ReferencesEdit
- ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 11 May 2016
- ^ a b «Triticum spelta«. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2017.
- ^ a b Blatter, R.H.; Jacomet, S.; Schlumbaum, A. (January 2004). «About the Origin of European Spelt ( Triticum spelta L.): Allelic Differentiation of the HMW Glutenin B1-1 and A1-2 Subunit Genes» (PDF). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 108 (2): 360–367. doi:10.1007/s00122-003-1441-7. PMID 14564390. S2CID 26586515.
- ^ De Oliveira, Romain; Rimbert, Hélène; Balfourier, François; Kitt, Jonathan; Dynomant, Emeric; Vrána, Jan; Doležel, Jaroslav; Cattonaro, Federica; Paux, Etienne; Choulet, Frédéric (18 August 2020). «Structural Variations Affecting Genes and Transposable Elements of Chromosome 3B in Wheats». Frontiers in Genetics. 11: 891. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00891. PMC 7461782. PMID 33014014.
- ^ Ehsanzadeh, Parviz (December 1998). «Agronomic and Growth Characteristics of Spring Spelt Compared to Common Wheat (thesis)» (PDF). ecommons.usask.ca. National Library of Canada. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
- ^ Austin, Benjamin M. (2019). Plant Metaphors in the Old Greek of Isaiah. p. 191. ISBN 9780884142911.
- ^ ζειά. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
- ^ Thompson, D’Arcy W. (1946). «Wheat in Antiquity». The Classical Review. 60 (3): 120–122. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00090387. JSTOR 703297. S2CID 163645029. Retrieved 31 January 2022 – via JSTOR..
- ^ Nesbitt, Mark (2001). «Wheat Evolution: Integrating Archaeological and Biological Evidence» (PDF). .
- ^ a b c Cubadda, Raimondo; Marconi, Emanuele (2002). Spelt Wheat in Pseudocereals and Less Common Cereals: Grain Properties and Utilization Potential (eds. Belton, Peter S.; Taylor, John R.N.). ISBN 9783540429395.
- ^ Akeret, Ö. (2005). «Plant Remains From a Bell Beaker Site in Switzerland, and the Beginnings of Triticum spelta (spelt) Cultivation in Europe». Archived from the original on 2012-12-27.
- ^ Albarella, Umberto. The end of the Sheep Age: people and animals in the Late Iron Age. p. 391.
- ^ Bakels, Corrie C. (Dec 2005), «Crops produced in the southern Netherlands and northern France during the early medieval period: a comparison,» Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, pp. 394-399
- ^ Newfield, Timothy P. (2013), «The Contours, Frequency and Causation of Subsistence Crises in Carolingian Europe (750-950 CE)» in Crisis Alimentarian en la Edad Media, Lleida, Spain: Universidad de Lleida, p. 170
- ^ Sugár, Eszter; Fodor, Nándor; Sándor, Renáta; Bónis, Péter; Vida, Gyula; Árendás, Tamás (27 November 2019). «Spelt Wheat: An Alternative for Sustainable Plant Production at Low N-Levels». Sustainability. 11 (23): 6726. doi:10.3390/su11236726.
- ^ Smithers, Rebecca (15 May 2014). «Spelt flour ‘wonder grain’ set for a price hike as supplies run low». The Guardian, London, UK. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- ^ «Spelt shortage». Independent. 11 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ a b Tovoli F.; Masi C.; Guidetti E.; et al. (March 16, 2015). «Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Gluten Related Disorders». World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3): 275–284. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275. PMC 4360499. PMID 25789300.
- ^ Wieser H. (2001). «Comparative Investigations of Gluten Proteins from Different Wheat Species». European Food Research and Technology. 213 (3): 183–186. doi:10.1007/s002170100365. S2CID 84523520.
- ^ Schober, T.J., Bean, S.R., Kuhn, M. (2006). «Gluten Proteins from Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) Cultivars: A Rheological and Size-Exclusion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Study» (pdf). Journal of Cereal Science. 44 (2): 161–173. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2006.05.007. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kohajdová, Z., Karovičová, J. (2008). «Nutritional Value and Baking Applications of Spelt Wheat» (PDF). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria. 7 (3): 5–14. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ John N. Peragine (30 November 2010). The Complete Guide to Growing Your Own Hops, Malts, and Brewing Herbs. Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 128. ISBN 9781601383532. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
- ^ Dinkelbier Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, German Beer Institute, retrieved November 2009.
- ^ Den Mulder, beer from Huisbrouwerij Den Tseut in Oosteeklo, retrieved September 2013.
- ^ «Nasze Produkty». www.stockspirits.com. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
External linksEdit
- Data related to Spelt at Wikispecies
- Media related to Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta at Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of spelt at Wiktionary