Is the word never a preposition

User Avatar

Wiki User

∙ 11y ago

Best Answer

Copy

I don’t think so. I looked all over Google and couldn’t find
anything. You might try another source or Google again. Maybe they
updated it since I looked. Sorry! :(

Never is an adverb.

User Avatar

Wiki User

∙ 11y ago

This answer is:

User Avatar

Study guides

Add your answer:

Earn +

20

pts

Q: Is never a preposition

Write your answer…

Submit

Still have questions?

magnify glass

imp

Related questions

People also asked

Источник

In school, you were taught that the rules of grammar should never be violated: use apostrophes to connote possession, join two ideas using a semicolon, and never end a sentence with a preposition.

Unlike apostrophe usage, however, sticking closely to the preposition rule can sometimes make sentences clunky or confusing. The truth is that including a preposition at the end of a sentence is not always bad grammar. In fact, the anti-preposition rule is largely a myth.

Introduction to Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

A preposition is a word that connects a verb, noun, or adjective with a noun or pronoun, showing the relationship between the two or another element in that same clause or sentence. In the sentence, “The cat sat between the two trees,” the word “between” is a preposition because it establishes how one noun (the cat) is situated among the other nouns (trees). Prepositions often deal with time and location, such as “behind,” “after,” or “over.” 

It’s useful to have a go-to rule for determining whether a given word is a preposition. One option is to place the word in this sentence: “The mouse goes ______ the box.” If the word makes sense in the sentence, then it is a preposition. However, if a word does not fit, it may still be a preposition — for instance, prepositions like “according to” or “notwithstanding.»

Prepositional phrases are groupings of at least two words, consisting of, at minimum, the preposition and the object of the preposition, aka, the noun it precedes. For example, “near the ocean,” “without gluten,” and “before bed” are all prepositional phrases. 

Origins of the Preposition Rule

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Latin grammar rules were applied to the English language. In Latin, the word “preposition” translates roughly to the words for “before” and “to place.” However, in the years that followed, many have argued that trying to make English conform to Latin standards is not always practical, and that the preposition rule should not be followed if it damages the integrity of the sentence. One famous example is Winston Churchill’s declaration after someone criticized him for ending a sentence with a preposition: “This is the sort of English up with which I will not put!” 

Rules for Ending a Sentence With a Preposition

If, in the process of avoiding ending a sentence with a preposition, the sentence begins to sound awkward, overly formal, or confusing, then it’s acceptable to ignore the preposition rule. However, it is still best to try to conform to this rule if it does not alter clarity, particularly in professional and academic writing. For example, “What building is he in?” could easily be changed to: “He is in which building?”

Here are some situations in which ending a sentence with a preposition is acceptable:

  • When beginning a sentence with who, what, where: “What area of research is she interested in?”
  • Infinitive structures, or when the verb is left in its basic form (ie, “to swim,” “to contemplate”): “She had nothing to think about,” “He had no music to listen to.” 
  • Relative clauses, or a clause starting with the pronoun who, that, which, whose, where, or when: “She was excited about the responsibility that she was taking on.” 
  • Passive structures, or when the subject of a sentence is being acted upon by the verb, rather than doing the verb’s action: “She liked being sick because then she was taken care of.” 
  • Phrasal verbs, or verbs that consist of multiple words, including a preposition: “She needs to log on,” “When I was having a bad day, my sister told me to cheer up.” 

Because the preposition rule has long been ingrained in language education, potential employers or other business colleagues may believe this rule needs to be upheld. In professional scenarios, it’s best to play it safe and avoid prepositions at the ends of sentences. However, if you believe that abandoning this rule is best for your writing, you’re in good company: successful writers and orators have been doing it for centuries. 

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of English prepositions.

Prototypical prepositions[edit]

The following are single-word prepositions that can take a noun phrase complement following the preposition. Prepositions in this section may also take other kinds of complements in addition to noun phrase complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk can be used transitively or intransitively; that is, they can take noun phrase complements (e.g., he was in the house) or not (e.g., he was in).

  • a[1]
  • aboard*[2]
  • about*[2][3]
    • abt. (written abbreviation)[4]
  • above*[2][3]
  • abreast[5]
  • absent[6]
  • across*[2][3]
  • after*[2][3][7]
  • against*[2][3]
  • along*[2][3]
  • aloft*[2][8]
  • alongside*[2]
  • amid[2][3][9]
    • amidst[2][3][9]
    • mid[2]
    • midst[2]
  • among[2][3][9]
    • amongst[2][3][9]
  • anti[3][10]
  • apropos*[7][11]
  • around*[2][3]
    • round*[2][3]
  • as[2][3][9]
  • aslant[12]
  • astride[13]
  • at[2][3][9]
    • @ (written alternative)[14]
  • atop[3][15]
    • ontop (nonstandard)[citation needed]
  • bar[9][16]
  • barring[17][18]
  • before*[2][3][7]
    • B4 (written abbreviation)[19]
  • behind*[2][3]
  • below*[2][3]
  • beneath*[2][3]
    • neath[20]
  • beside[2][3][9]
  • besides*[2][3][7]
  • between*[2][3][7]
    • ‘tween[21]
  • beyond*[2][3]
  • but[3][22]
  • by*[2][3][7]
  • chez[9][23]
  • circa[3][9][24]
    • c., ca. (abbreviations)[24]
  • come[9]
  • concerning[17][18]
  • contra[9]
  • counting[17][18]
  • cum[25]
  • despite[2][3][9]
    • spite (abbreviation)[citation needed]
  • down*[2][3]
  • during[2][9]
  • effective[6]
  • ere[9]
  • except[2][3]
  • excepting[17][18]
  • excluding[17][18]
  • failing[17][18]
  • following[17][18]
  • for[2][3]
    • 4 (abbreviation)[citation needed]
  • from[2][3][9]
  • in*[2][3]
  • including[17][18]
  • inside*[2][3]
  • into[2][3][9]
  • less[9][26]
  • like[2][3][9]
  • minus[2][9]
  • modulo[9]
    • mod (abbreviation)[27]
  • near*[2][3]
    • nearer (comparative)[3][28]
    • nearest (superlative)[3]
  • next[2]
  • notwithstanding* (also postpositional)[2][3]
  • of[2][3][9]
    • o’ (written alternative; informal)[29]
  • off*[2][3]
  • offshore[30]
  • on*[2][3][7]
  • onto[2][3][9]
  • opposite[2][3][6]
  • out[3][31]
  • outside*[2][3]
  • over*[2][3]
    • o’er[32]
  • pace[3][9][33]
  • past*[2][3]
  • pending[3][34]
  • per[3][9][35]
  • plus[2][9]
  • post[36]
  • pre[37]
  • pro[3][38]
  • qua[3][39]
  • re[3][9]
  • regarding[17][18]
  • respecting[17][18]
  • sans[3][9]
  • save[9][40]
  • saving[17][18]
  • short[citation needed]
  • since*[2][3][7]
  • sub[41]
  • than[2][3][9]
  • through*[2][3][7]
    • thru (informal)[42]
  • throughout*[2][3]
    • thruout (simplified spelling)[43]
  • till[3][9][44]
  • times[9]
  • to*[2][3]
    • t’ (abbreviation)[45]
    • 2 (abbreviation)[citation needed]
  • touching (archaic)[17][18][46]
  • toward, towards[2][3]
  • under*[2][3]
  • underneath*[2][3]
  • unlike[2][3][9]
  • until[2][3][9]
  • unto (poetic)[47]
  • up*[2][3][9]
  • upon[2][3]
  • versus[9][48]
    • vs., v. (abbreviations)[48]
  • via[2][3][9]
  • vice[49] (formal)[citation needed]
  • vis-à-vis[3][9][50] (formal)[citation needed]
  • wanting[17][18]
  • with[2][3][9]
    • w/, w. (abbreviation)[51]
    • c̄ (abbreviation in prescriptions)[52]
  • within*[2][3]
    • w/i (abbreviation)[citation needed]
  • without*[2][3][7]
    • ‘thout[53]
    • w/o (abbreviation)[54]

Intransitive prepositions[edit]

The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these intransitive prepositions as adverbs.

  • abroad[2][55][a]
  • adrift[2][55]
  • aft[2][55]
  • afterward(s)[2][57]
  • ahead[2][55][b]
  • apart[2][55]
  • ashore[2][55]
  • aside[2][55][c]
  • away[2][55]
  • back[2][55]
  • backward(s)[2][55]
  • beforehand[2][57]
  • downhill[2][55]
  • downstage[2][55]
  • downstairs[2][55]
  • downstream[2][55]
  • downward(s)[2][55]
  • downwind[2][55]
  • east[57]
  • eastward(s)[2][55]
  • forth[2][55][d]
  • forward(s)[2][55]
  • heavenward(s)[2][55]
  • hence[2][55]
  • henceforth[2][57]
  • here[2][55]
  • hereby[2][7]
  • herein[2][7]
  • hereof[2][7]
  • hereto[2][7]
  • herewith[2][7]
  • home[2][55]
  • homeward(s)[2][55]
  • indoors[2][55]
  • inward(s)[2][55]
  • leftward(s)[2][55]
  • north[57]
  • northeast[57]
  • northward(s)[2][55]
  • northwest[57]
  • now[2][57]
  • onward(s)[2][55][e]
  • outdoors[2][55]
  • outward(s)[2][55]
  • overboard[2][55]
  • overhead[2][55]
  • overland[2][55]
  • overseas[2][55]
  • rightward(s)[2][55]
  • seaward(s)[2][55]
  • skyward(s)[2][55]
  • south[57]
  • southeast[57]
  • southward(s)[2][55]
  • southwest[57]
  • then[2][57]
  • thence[2][55]
  • thenceforth[2][57]
  • there[2][55]
  • thereby[2][7]
  • therein[2][7]
  • thereof[2][7]
  • thereto[2][7]
  • therewith[2][7]
  • together[2][55][f]
  • underfoot[2][55]
  • underground[2][55]
  • uphill[2][55]
  • upstage[2][55]
  • upstairs[2][55]
  • upstream[2][55]
  • upward(s)[2][55][g]
  • upwind[2][55]
  • west[57]
  • westward(s)[2][55]
  • when[2][57]
  • whence[2][55]
  • where[2][55]
  • whereby[2][7]
  • wherein[2][7]
  • whereto[2][7]
  • wherewith[2][7]

Conjunctive prepositions[edit]

The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions.

  • after[64][65]
  • although[64][65]
  • as[64][65]
  • at*[64]
  • because[64][65]
  • before[64][65]
  • beside*[64]
  • besides*[64]
  • between*[64]
  • by*[64]
  • considering[65]
  • despite*[64]
  • except[65]
  • for[64][65]
  • from*[64][h]
  • given[65]
  • granted[65]
  • if (conditional sense)[64][65]
  • into*[64]
  • lest[64][65]
  • like[64][65]
  • notwithstanding[65]
  • now[65]
  • of*[64]
  • on*[64][65]
  • once[64][65]
  • provided[65]
  • providing[65]
  • save[65]
  • seeing[64][65]
  • since[64][65]
  • so (purpose or result sense)[64][65]
  • supposing[65]
  • than[64]
  • though[64][65]
  • till[64][65]
  • to*[65]
  • unless[64][65]
  • until[64][65]
  • upon*[64]
  • when[64][65]
  • whenever[64]
  • where[64][65]
  • whereas[64][65]
  • wherever
  • while[64]
  • whilst[64]
  • with*[64]
  • without*[64][i]

Postpositions[edit]

The following are postpositions, prepositions whose complements typically precede them. Note that some grammars classify prepositions and postpositions as different kinds of adpositions while other grammars categorize both under the heading of the more common variety in the language.

  • ago[68][69]
  • apart[68][69]
  • aside[68][69]
    • aslant (archaic)[citation needed]
  • away[citation needed]
  • hence[citation needed]
  • notwithstanding (also prepositional)[68][69]
  • on (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like «ten years on»)[69]
  • over (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like «the world over»)[69]
  • short (also prepositional)[citation needed]
  • through (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like «the whole day through»)[68]

Complex prepositions[edit]

The following are prepositions that consist of multiple words. They are categorized according to their structure.

Preposition + preposition[edit]

  • according to[70][18]
  • across from[citation needed]
  • ahead of[70][71]
  • along with[70]
  • apart from[72]
  • as for[70][73][74]
  • as from (formal)[70][73][74]
  • as of[74]
  • as per[70][73]
  • as regards[75]
  • as to[70][73][74]
  • aside from[70][76]
  • away from[70][77]
  • back to[citation needed]
  • because of[70][73]
  • counter to[citation needed]
  • except for[78]
  • in between[70][73]
  • instead of (informal)[70][79]
  • near to[70]
  • next to[70][80]
  • opposite of[citation needed]
  • out from[citation needed]
  • out of[70][73]
  • outside of[70][81]
  • owing to[70][18]
  • pertaining to[18][82]
  • round about[83][84]
  • up against[70][73]
  • up to[70][73]

Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition[edit]

English has many idiomatic expressions that act as prepositions that can be analyzed as a preposition followed by a noun (sometimes preceded by the definite or, occasionally, indefinite article) followed by another preposition.[85] Common examples include:

  • at the behest of[86]
  • at the expense of[70][86]
  • at the hands of[70][86]
  • at (the) risk of[70][86]
  • at variance with[70][86]
  • by dint of[70][86]
  • by means of[70][86]
  • by virtue of[70][86]
  • by way of[70][86]
  • for (the) sake of[70][86]
  • for lack of[citation needed]
  • for/from want of[70][86]
  • in accordance with[70][86]
  • in addition to[70][86]
  • in case of[70][86]
  • in charge of[70][86]
  • in compliance with[70][86]
  • in conformity with[70][86]
  • in contact with[70][86]
  • in exchange for[70][86]
  • in favor of[70][86]
  • in front of[70][86]
  • in lieu of[70][86]
  • in (the) light of[70][86]
  • in line with[70][86]
  • in place of[70][86]
  • in point of[citation needed]
  • in quest of[70][86]
  • in relation to[70][86]
  • in/with regard to[86]
  • in/with respect to[70][86]
  • in return for[70][86]
  • in search of[70][86]
  • in spite of[70][86]
  • in step with[70][86]
  • in touch with[70][86]
  • in terms of[70][86]
  • in the name of[70][86]
  • in view of[70][86]
  • on account of[70][86]
  • on behalf of[70][86]
  • on (the) grounds of[70][86]
  • on the part of[70][86]
  • on top of[70][86]
  • with a view to[70][86]
  • with the exception of[70][86]

Other complex prepositions[edit]

The following complex prepositions do not follow either of the common structures for complex prepositions.

  • à la (or a la)[9][87]
  • as soon as[88]
  • as well as[70][89]
  • close to[70]
  • due to[70][90]
  • far from[70][91]
  • in case[70][92]
  • other than[93]
  • per pro[94]
  • prior to[70][95]
  • pursuant to[96]
  • rather than[97]
  • regardless of[98]
  • subsequent to[70][99]
  • such as[70][100]

Archaic, dialectal, or specialized[edit]

The following prepositions are not widely used in Present-Day English. Some, such as bating and forby, are archaic and typically only used to convey the tone of a bygone era. Others, such as ayond and side, are generally used only by speakers of a particular variety of English. Yet others are generally only used in specialized contexts, such as abaft in nautical settings and dehors in law.

Prototypical prepositions[edit]

  • abaft (nautical)[101]
  • abating (obsolete)[102]
  • abeam (nautical)[103]
  • ablow (Scottish and Irish English)[104]
  • aboon (rare)[105]
  • abouts (regional, U.S.)[106]
  • acrost (regional, Australia, England, and U.S.)[107]
  • adown (archaic; poetic; rare)[108]
  • a-eastell (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[109]
  • afore (archaic; regional, Southern and Midland U.S.; nautical)[110][111]
  • afornent (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[112]
  • afront (obsolete; regional)[113]
  • afterhand (rare; regional)[114]
  • again (regional)[115]
  • ahind (dialectal; archaic)[116]
  • ajax (Polari)[citation needed]
  • alength (obsolete)[117]
  • alongst (regional, Scotland and U.S.)[118]
  • aloof (obsolete)[119]
  • alow (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[104]
  • amell (rare; regional, Northern England)[120]
  • amidmost (poetic)[121]
  • anear (archaic; regional)[122]
  • aneath (poetic; regional, Scotland)[123]
  • anent (obsolete; rare; regional, Scotland and Yorkshire)[105][124]
  • anewst (obsolete)[125]
  • anunder (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)[126]
  • askant (archaic)[127][128]
  • asklent (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)[129]
  • astern (nautical)[130]
  • athwart (obsolete; dialectal; nautical)[131]
  • atour (regional, Scotland)[132]
  • atter (regional, Northern England, Southern U.S.)[133]
  • atween (archaic; dialectal)[134]
  • atwixt (archaic; dialectal)[135]
  • a-weather (nautical; obsolete)[136]
  • a-west (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[137]
  • awestell (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[138]
  • ayond, ayont (dialectal)[139]
  • bating (archaic)[140]
  • bedown (obsolete)[141]
  • be-east (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[142]
  • beforrow (obsolete)[143]
  • behither (obsolete)[144]
  • ben (dialectal, Scots)[145]
  • benorth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[146]
  • besouth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[147]
  • betwixt (archaic; poetical; dialectal)[148]
    • ‘twixt (obsolete)[149]
  • bewest (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[150]
  • bongre (obsolete)[151]
  • bout (regional)[152][153]
  • bove (poetic; regional)[154]
  • ‘cept (colloquial)[155]
  • contrair (obsolete)[156]
  • contrary (obsolete)[157]
  • cross (dialectal; poetic)[158]
  • dehors (law; rare)[105][159]
  • dot (mathematics)[160]
  • durante (obsolete)[161]
  • effore (obsolete)[162]
  • emong, emonges(t) (obsolete)[163][164]
  • endlong, endlonges, endlongs (dialectal; obsolete)[165][166]
  • enduring (obsolete; rare, South and South Midland U.S.)[167][168]
  • ensuing (obsolete)[169]
  • even-forth (obsolete)[170]
  • ex (commerce)[171]
  • excepted (obsolete)[172]
  • extra (rare)[173]
  • fae (dialectal, Scots)[174]
  • forby(e) (archaic)[105][175]
  • fore (regional, U.S.)[176]
  • fornent, fornenst (obsolete; regional, Northern England and Scotland)[177]
  • foregain, foregains, foregainst (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[178]
  • forne (obsolete)[179]
  • forout, forouten (obsolete)[180]
  • forrow (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[181]
  • forth (archaic)[182]
  • fro (dialectal, Scots)[183]
  • fromward, fromwards (obsolete)[184]
  • froward (archaic)[185]
  • furth (Scotland)[citation needed]
  • gain (obsolete)[186]
  • gainst (informal; poetic)[187][188]
  • gainward (obsolete)[189]
  • gin (regional, Northern England, Ireland, and Scotland)[190]
  • half-way, halfway (obsolete)[191]
  • hent (obsolete)[192]
  • inboard (nautical)[193]
  • incontrair (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[194]
  • indurand (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[195]
  • inmid, inmiddes[citation needed]
  • inter (obsolete; rare)[196]
  • inthrough (regional, Scotland)[197]
  • intil, intill (rare; dialectal, Scots)[105][198]
  • inwith (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[199]
  • i’th’ (archaic; poetic; regional)[200]
  • ‘long (regional)[201]
  • longs (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[202]
  • longst (obsolete; poetic)[203]
  • longways (rare)[204]
  • malgrado (obsolete)[205]
  • malgré (archaic; rare)[105][206]
  • mang (Devon)[citation needed]
  • maugre (archaic)[207]
  • midmost (obsolete)[208]
  • mids (obsolete)[209]
  • midward (obsolete)[210]
  • midway (rare)[211]
  • ‘mong (poetic or dialectal)[212]
  • ‘mongst (poetic or dialectal)[213]
  • more (obsolete)[214]
  • moreover (obsolete)[215]
  • moyening (obsolete)[216]
  • natheless, nathless (archaic; literary; rare)[105][217]
  • nearabout, nearbout (colloquial; regional)[218][219]
  • nearby (regional, Scotland)[220]
  • nearhand (regional, Northern England, Northern Ireland, and Scotland)[221]
  • ‘neath (poetic)[222]
  • nigh, anigh, anighst (archaic of regional)[223][224][225]
  • nigh-hand (regional, Northern and Midland England, Ireland, and Scotland)[226]
  • nobbut (rare; regional, Northern England)[227]
  • non-obstant (obsolete)[228]
  • notwithstand (obsolete)[229]
  • noughtwithstanding (obsolete)[230]
  • offa (colloquial; regional)[231]
  • offen (regional)[232]
  • only (regional, Southern U.S. and South Midland U.S.)[233]
  • or (archaic)[234]
  • otherside (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[235]
  • outcept (obsolete)[236]
  • outen (regional)[237]
  • out-over (regional, Scotland)[238]
  • outta (colloquial; regional, U.S.)[239]
  • out-taken (obsolete)[240]
  • out-taking (obsolete)[241]
  • out-through (regional, Scotland)[242]
  • outwith (regional, Scotland)[243]
  • overcross (archaic; rare)[244]
  • over-right (regional, Scotland, Southern England, Ireland, Newfoundland)[245]
  • overthorter (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[246]
  • overthwart (archaic; regional, Eastern, Midland, and Northern England)[247]
  • overtop (regional, North America)[248]
  • pan (regional, Jamaica)[249]
  • pass (regional, Caribbean)[250]
  • pon (archaic; regional, Caribbean and Southwestern England)[251]
  • quoad (law)[252]
  • reserved (obsolete)[253]
  • reserving (obsolete)[254]
  • sauf (archaic) [255]
  • seen (obsolete)[256]
  • sen (rare; regional, Northern England and Scotland)[257]
  • senza (music)[258]
  • side (dialectal, African-American English)[259]
  • sidelings (obsolete)[260]
  • sidelong (obsolete)[261]
  • sides (dialectal, African-American English)[262]
  • sin (dialectal, Northern England English and Scots)[263]
  • sineth (obsolete)[264]
  • sith (archaic’)[265]
  • sithen (obsolete)[266]
  • sithence (obsolete)[267]
  • ter (regional)[268]
  • thorough (archaic; poetic; rare)[269]
  • thorter (regional, Scotland)[270]
  • thwart (archaic; nautical; poetic)[271]
  • thwart-over (dialectal; obsolete)[272]
  • tiv (dialectal, Northern England English)[273]
  • touchant (obsolete)[274]
  • transverse (obsolete)[275]
  • traverse (obsolete)[276]
  • twel(l), twill (dialectal, African-American English)[277]
  • ultra (obsolete; poetic)[278]
  • umbe (obsolete)[279][280]
  • unneath (obsolete; poetic)[281]
  • upo’ (dialectal, Northern England English and Scots)[282]
  • upside (slang)[283][j]
  • upsy, upsees (archaic; obsolete)[285][286]
  • uptill[287]
  • utouth (obsolete; regional, Scotland)[288]
  • wid (dialectal, African-American English)[289]
  • withinside (archaic; dialectal)[290]
  • withoutside (obsolete; rare)[291]
  • wiv (dialectal, African-American English and Cockney)[289][292]
  • ymong (obsolete)[293]
  • yond (obsolete)[294]
  • yonside (regional, South Midland U.S.)[295]

Intransitive prepositions[edit]

  • aground (archaic; poetic)[2][55][296]
  • bush (regional, Australia)[57]
  • hereat (archaic; obsolete)[2][7][297]
  • herefrom (rare)[2][7][298]
  • hereon (rare)[2][7][299]
  • hither (archaic)[57]
  • thereat (archaic; formal)[2][7][300]
  • therefrom (archaic; formal)[2][7][301]
  • thereon (archaic; formal)[2][7][302]
  • thither (archaic)[57]
  • whereat (archaic; formal)[2][7][303]
  • wherefrom (archaic; formal)[2][7][304]
  • whereof (archaic; formal)[2][7][305]
  • whereon (archaic; formal)[2][7][306]
  • whither (archaic)[57]
  • yonder (archaic; dialectal)[57]

Conjunctive prepositions[edit]

  • but (archaic in uses such as «There wasn’t one among them but would have taken my place.»)[65]

Postpositions[edit]

  • withal (archaic)[307]

Complex prepositions[edit]

  • at after (regional, England)[308]
  • down on (colloquial)[309]
  • ex relatione (law)[310]
  • hard by (archaic)[311]
  • inside of (colloquial; regional, Australia and U.S.)[312]
  • non obstante (law)[313]
  • nigh by (obsolete)[314]
  • opposite to (regional, Britain)[315]

See also[edit]

  • Preposition and postposition
  • Preposition stranding

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Abroad can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: «We scatter abroad the face of the earth.»[56]
  2. ^ Ahead can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: «I saw the figure of my friend ahead me.»[58]
  3. ^ Aside can also be used transitively in certain regional varieties: «The boys were often seated aside the girls.»[59]
  4. ^ Forth can also be used transitively in a rare sense of the term: «I may fetch you from forth this loathsome prison house.»[60]
  5. ^ Onward could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: «Two of that troupe conducted him onward the way to Babylon.»[61]
  6. ^ Together could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: «You will find the worth and value of it together the whole process of the great work of sugar making.»[62]
  7. ^ Upward could also be used transitively in an obsolete sense of the term: «Whether to surprise the squatted hare or flit upward ragged precipices.»[63]
  8. ^ An obsolete sense of from could also take a finite clause: «From we rise till we go to bed.»[66]
  9. ^ An obsolete sense of without could also take a finite clause: «Man can put up with only so much without he descends a rung or two on the old evolutionary ladder.»[67]
  10. ^ This sense of upside seems limited to discussion of strikes to the head: «He went upside her head with a meat mallet.» «A white cop comes up and go upside your knot.»[284]

References[edit]

  1. ^ «a 3.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=a+3. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 76-77.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1985. pp. 665-67.
  4. ^ «abt., prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  5. ^ «abreast.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abreast. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 610. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 613. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  8. ^ «aloft.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aloft. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 635. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  10. ^ «anti.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=anti. Accessed 22 Aug. 2020.
  11. ^ «apropos.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apropos. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  12. ^ «aslant.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=aslant. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  13. ^ «astride.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=astride. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  14. ^ «at sign.» Dictionary.com Pop Culture Dictionary, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/at-sign/. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  15. ^ «atop.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=atop. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  16. ^ «bar 1.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=bar. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-953319-0. OCLC 663438373
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  19. ^ «B4.» Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/b4. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  20. ^ «neath.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=neath. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  21. ^ «‘tween, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  22. ^ «but.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=but. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  23. ^ «chez.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chez. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  24. ^ a b «circa.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=circa. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  25. ^ «cum 1.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cum+1. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  26. ^ «less.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=less. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  27. ^ «mod 2.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mod+2. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  28. ^ Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 609. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  29. ^ «o’.» Collins COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/o. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  30. ^ «offshore, adv., adj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  31. ^ «out.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=out. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  32. ^ «o’er.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=o%27er. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  33. ^ «pace 2.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pace. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  34. ^ «pending.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q= pending. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  35. ^ «per.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=per. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  36. ^ «post, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  37. ^ «pre, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  38. ^ «pro, n.1, adj.1, and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  39. ^ «qua, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  40. ^ «save 2.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=save. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  41. ^ «sub, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  42. ^ «thru.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=thru. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  43. ^ «thruout.» The Century Dictionary, vol. IX, Century Co., 1911, p. 870, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876855&view=1up&seq=870. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  44. ^ «till 2.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=till. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  45. ^ «t’, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  46. ^ «touching, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  47. ^ «unto, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  48. ^ a b «versus.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=versus. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  49. ^ «vice 3.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vice. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  50. ^ «vis-à-vis.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=vis-à-vis. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  51. ^ «w.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  52. ^ «c̄» Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/browse/-c-. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  53. ^ «‘thout, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 20 Aug. 2020.
  54. ^ «w/o.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=w%2Fo. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 614. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  56. ^ «abroad, adv., prep., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. p. 615. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  58. ^ «ahead, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  59. ^ «aside (of) prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.
  60. ^ «forth, adv., prep., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  61. ^ «onward, prep., adv., and adj.2» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  62. ^ «together, adv., prep., n., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  63. ^ «upward, adv., prep., adj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  64. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 154.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. “4.8 Complement of a Preposition or Adverb.” The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002, pp. 971-72. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  66. ^ «from, prep., adv., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 July 2020.
  67. ^ «without, adv., prep., conj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 July 2020.
  68. ^ a b c d e Aarts, Bas.Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 79.
  69. ^ a b c d e f Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 631-32. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq Aarts, Bas. Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford UP, 2011. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-19-953319-0. OCLC 663438373
  71. ^ «ahead of.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ahead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  72. ^ «apart from.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=apart+from. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  73. ^ a b c d e f g h i Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 624-26. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  74. ^ a b c d «as, adv. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  75. ^ «as regards.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+regards. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  76. ^ «aside, adv., prep., adj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  77. ^ «away, adv., adj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  78. ^ «except.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=except. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  79. ^ «instead of.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=instead+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  80. ^ «next.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=next. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  81. ^ «outside of.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=outside+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  82. ^ «pertain, v.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  83. ^ «round about, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  84. ^ «round about.» Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/round-about. Accessed 30 July 2020.
  85. ^ Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum; et al. (2002). «chapter 7 §3.1». The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 618–620. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Huddleston, Rodney, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge UP, 2002. pp. 618-20. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
  87. ^ «à la.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=à+la. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  88. ^ «soon, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  89. ^ «as well as.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=as+well+as. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  90. ^ «due to.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=due+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  91. ^ «far.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=far. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  92. ^ «in case, conj. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  93. ^ «other than.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=other+than. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  94. ^ «per pro., prep. (adv. and adj.).» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  95. ^ «prior to.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=prior+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  96. ^ «pursuant to.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pursuant+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  97. ^ «rather than.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=rather+than. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  98. ^ «regardless of.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=regardless+of. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  99. ^ «subsequent to.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=subsequent+to. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  100. ^ «such.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=such. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  101. ^ «abaft.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abaft. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  102. ^ «abating, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  103. ^ «abeam.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=abeam. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  104. ^ a b «ablow, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  105. ^ a b c d e f g «Aboon, and Other Prepositions You’ve Never Heard.» Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2020, www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/prepositions-youve-never-heard-of. Accessed 16 July 2020.
  106. ^ «abouts, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  107. ^ «acrost, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  108. ^ «adown, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  109. ^ «a-eastell, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  110. ^ «afore, adv., prep., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  111. ^ «afore.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=afore. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  112. ^ «afornent, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  113. ^ «afront, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  114. ^ «afterhand, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  115. ^ «again, adv., prep., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  116. ^ «ahind, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  117. ^ «alength, adv. (and adj.) and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  118. ^ «alongst, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  119. ^ «aloof, adv., int., adj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  120. ^ «amell, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  121. ^ «amidmost, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  122. ^ «anear, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  123. ^ «aneath, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  124. ^ «anent, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  125. ^ «anewst, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  126. ^ «anunder, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  127. ^ «askant.» Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/askant. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020.
  128. ^ «askant, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  129. ^ «asklent, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  130. ^ «astern, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  131. ^ «athwart, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  132. ^ «atour, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  133. ^ «atter, prep., conj., and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  134. ^ «atween, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  135. ^ «atwixt, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  136. ^ «a-weather, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  137. ^ «a-west, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  138. ^ «awestell, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  139. ^ «ayond | ayont, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  140. ^ «bating.» Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/bating. Accessed 18 Aug. 2020.
  141. ^ «bedown, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  142. ^ «‘be-east, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  143. ^ «beforrow, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  144. ^ «behither, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  145. ^ «ben.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ben. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  146. ^ «‘benorth, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  147. ^ «‘besouth, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  148. ^ «betwixt, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  149. ^ «‘twixt, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  150. ^ «‘bewest, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  151. ^ «bongre, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  152. ^ «about prep, adv.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.
  153. ^ «bout, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  154. ^ «bove, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  155. ^ «‘cept, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  156. ^ «contrair, adj., n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  157. ^ «contrary, adj., n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  158. ^ «cross, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  159. ^ «dehors, prep. and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.
  160. ^ «dot, n.1 and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  161. ^ «durante, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  162. ^ «effore, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  163. ^ «emong, prep. and adv. » Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  164. ^ «emonges(t), prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  165. ^ «endlong, prep., adv., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  166. ^ «endlonges | endlongs, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  167. ^ «enduring, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  168. ^ «enduring prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.
  169. ^ «ensuing, adj. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  170. ^ «even-forth, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  171. ^ «ex, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  172. ^ «excepted, adj. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  173. ^ «extra, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  174. ^ «fae, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  175. ^ «forby(e, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  176. ^ «fore prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.
  177. ^ «fornent | fornenst, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  178. ^ «foregain | foregains(t, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  179. ^ «forne, adv., adj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  180. ^ «forout | forouten, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  181. ^ «forrow, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  182. ^ «forth.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  183. ^ «fro.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=forth. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  184. ^ «fromward, adj., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  185. ^ «froward, adj., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  186. ^ «gain, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  187. ^ «gainst.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=gainst. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  188. ^ «gainst.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  189. ^ «gainward, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  190. ^ «gin, prep. and conj.2.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  191. ^ «half-way | halfway, adv., adj., n., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  192. ^ «hent, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  193. ^ «inboard, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  194. ^ «incontrair, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  195. ^ «indurand, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  196. ^ «inter, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  197. ^ «inthrough, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  198. ^ «intill | intil, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.
  199. ^ «inwith, prep., adv. (and adj.), and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  200. ^ «i’th’, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  201. ^ «‘long, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  202. ^ «longs, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  203. ^ «longst, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  204. ^ «longways, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  205. ^ «malgrado, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  206. ^ «malgré, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.
  207. ^ «maugre.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=maugre. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  208. ^ «midmost, adj., n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  209. ^ «mids, n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  210. ^ «midward, adj., n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  211. ^ «midway, n., adv., adj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  212. ^ «‘mong, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  213. ^ «‘mongst, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  214. ^ «more, adj., pron., adv., n.3, and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  215. ^ «moreover, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  216. ^ «moyening, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  217. ^ «natheless, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 16 July 2020.
  218. ^ «nearabout, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  219. ^ «nearbout, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  220. ^ «nearby, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  221. ^ «nearhand, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  222. ^ «‘neath, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  223. ^ «nigh, adv. (and prep.), adj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  224. ^ «anigh, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  225. ^ «anighst, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  226. ^ «nigh hand, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  227. ^ «nobbut, prep., conj., and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  228. ^ «non-obstant, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  229. ^ «notwithstand, conj., prep., and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  230. ^ «noughtwithstanding, prep., adv., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  231. ^ «offa, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  232. ^ «offen, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  233. ^ «only adj, adv, prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  234. ^ «or 2.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=or. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  235. ^ «otherside, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  236. ^ «outcept, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  237. ^ «outen, adv., adj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 6 July 2020.
  238. ^ «out-over, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  239. ^ «outta, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  240. ^ «out-taken, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  241. ^ «out-taking, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  242. ^ «out-through, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  243. ^ «outwith, prep., adv., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  244. ^ «overcross, prep., adv., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  245. ^ «over-right, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  246. ^ «overthorter, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  247. ^ «overthwart, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  248. ^ «overtop, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  249. ^ «pan, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  250. ^ «pass, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  251. ^ «pon, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  252. ^ «quoad, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  253. ^ «reserved, conj. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  254. ^ «reserving, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  255. ^ «sauf, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  256. ^ «seen, conj. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  257. ^ «sen, adv., prep., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  258. ^ «senza, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  259. ^ «side, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  260. ^ «sidelings, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  261. ^ «sidelong, adv.1, prep., and adj.2» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  262. ^ «sides adv, prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  263. ^ «sin, adv., prep., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  264. ^ «sineth, adv., prep., and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  265. ^ «sith.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=sith. Accessed 30 July 2020.
  266. ^ «sithen, adv., conj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  267. ^ «sithence, adv., conj., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  268. ^ «ter, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  269. ^ «thorough, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  270. ^ «thorter, adv., prep., adj., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  271. ^ «thwart, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  272. ^ «thwart-over, prep., adv., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  273. ^ «tiv, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  274. ^ «touchant, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  275. ^ «transverse, adj., n., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  276. ^ «traverse, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  277. ^ «till prep, conj.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  278. ^ «ultra, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  279. ^ «umbe, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 13 July 2020.
  280. ^ «umbe.» The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6572, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=214. Accessed 30 July 2020.
  281. ^ «unneath, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  282. ^ «upo’, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  283. ^ «upside.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=upside. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  284. ^ «upside, n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 7 July 2020.
  285. ^ «upsy, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  286. ^ «upsees, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  287. ^ «uptill.» The Century Dictionary, vol. X, Century Co., 1911, p. 6664, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036876848&view=1up&seq=306. Accessed 20 July 2020.
  288. ^ «utouth, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  289. ^ a b «with, adv, prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  290. ^ «withinside, adv., prep., and n.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  291. ^ «withoutside, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  292. ^ «wiv, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  293. ^ «ymong, prep. and conj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  294. ^ «yond, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  295. ^ «yonside, adv, prep.» Dictionary of American Regional English, digital version, Harvard UP, 2013. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  296. ^ «aground, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  297. ^ «hereat, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  298. ^ «herefrom, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  299. ^ «hereon, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  300. ^ «thereat, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  301. ^ «therefrom, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  302. ^ «thereon, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  303. ^ «whereat, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  304. ^ «wherefrom, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  305. ^ «whereof.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=whereof. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  306. ^ «whereon, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 18 July 2020.
  307. ^ «withal, adv. and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 28 July 2020.
  308. ^ «at after, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.
  309. ^ «down, adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  310. ^ «ex relatione, prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.
  311. ^ «hard by, prep. and adv.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 8 Aug. 2020.
  312. ^ «inside, n., adj., adv., and prep.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 12 July 2020.
  313. ^ «non obstante.» American Heritage Dictionary, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2020, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=non+obstante. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.
  314. ^ «nigh by, adv., prep., and adj.» Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2020. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020.
  315. ^ «opposite to.» Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 2020, www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/opposite-to. Accessed 26 Aug. 2020.

External links[edit]

  • Wiktionary list of English prepositions
  • The Visual Guide to English Prepositions Part 1/2: Place & Direction (Infographic)
  • The Visual Guide to English Prepositions Part 2/2: Time (Infographic)
Источник

VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS

1. Many verbs that are used without an object are normally followed by
a prepositional phrase. Some verbs take a particular preposition:

belong to
hint at
lead to
qualify for
sympathize with		 consist of
hope for
listen to
refer to		 happen to
insist on
pay for
relate to

2. With other verbs that are used without an object, the choice of a
different preposition may alter the meaning of the clause.

agree on/with
appeal to/for
conform to/with
result from/in
think about/of
complain to somebody about/of 		apologize for/ to
care about/of
remind about/of
suffer from/with

3. With verbs that are used without an object, different prepositions
are used to introduce different types of information.

‘about’ indicates the subject matter

care
explain
talk		 complain
hear
think		 do
know
write		 dream
  speak 

‘at’ indicates direction

glance
look
smile		 glare pointstare grin shoot laugh shout 

‘for’ indicates purpose or reason

apologiz
looke 		apply
search		 ask
wait		 leave

‘into’ indicates the object involved in a collision

‘of’ indicates facts of information

hear
think		 know speak talk

‘on’ indicates confidence or certainty

congratulate count depend plan rely

‘to’ indicates the listener or reader

complain
speak		 explain
talk		 listen
write		 say

‘with’ indicates someone whose opinion is the same or
different

agree argue disagree side

4. Some verbs have an object, but are also followed by a preposition.

EXERCISES

Put in the correct prepositions (to, about, at, from,
for, in, into, of, on, with):

1. I want to talk ___ the group ___ their exams.

2. All last winter he suffered ___coughs and colds.

3. When will you write ___ Bill ___your plans?

4. If you don’t understand any of these words, you could refer ___ a
dictionary.

5. The accident sadly result ___ the death of a man.

6. The police are appealing ___ witnesses to come forward.

7. It wasn’t his car, in fact I don’t know who it belongs ___ .

8. Nurses are very badly paid, I think they should insist ___ higher
rates of pay.

9. The poor driver – I really sympathize ___ him, it wasn’t his
fault.

10. The buses are often late, so you can’t depend ___ them.

11. Do you qualify ___ a state pension when you are 55?

12. Keep enough money to pay ___ your ticket.

13. Have you heard ___ what had happened ___ him? Oh, I don’t care
___ him.

14. I said ___ you I was thinking ___ going to America. I actually
dreamt ___ it.

15. She listened ___me and then told me ___ her problems.

16. The bus ran ___ the wall of a house.

17. People started to shout ___the driver.

18. Who was the boy you were all laughing ___ ?

19. I saw somebody staring ___me from the other side of the road.

20. He was always arguing ___ his brother.

21. I bumped ___ an old friend the other day.

22. I agree ___you that we should wait a bit longer ___her.

23. She never apologizes ___ arriving late.

24. I thought we should look ___someone else to do the job.

25. If you want to travel, that would be a good job to apply ___ .

26. The land belongs ___ a rich man.

27. She then referred ___ the Minister’s report.

28. I congratulate her ___ her success in the exams.

29. The boss disagreed ___ me.

30. The match resulted ___ a draw.

31. His failure resulted ___ lack of attention to details.

32. Tonight I’m going to talk ___ engines.

33. You can count ___ me.

34. You can rely ___ him to be polite.

35. They complained ___ me about the noise.

36. Mary turned her head to speak ___ him.

37. The daughters sided ___ their mothers.

38. Can I speak ___ Jane, please?

39. Can you explain this word ___ me?

40. Can you explain ___ me what you mean?

41. He told me his name but I can’t think ___ it now.

42. This house reminds me ___ the one I lived in when I was a child.

43. We called the doctor because Nick was complaining ___a pain in his
stomach.

44. That’s a good idea. Why didn’t I think ___ that?

45. Look at this photograph of Ann. Who does she remind you ___ ?

46. She left Boston ___ Paris when she was 19.

47. If something is wrong, why don’t you do something ___ it?

48. Peter likes his job but he doesn’t talk ___ it much.

49. I like to listen ___ the radio while I’m having breakfast.

50. Please don’t shout ___ me!

KEYS:

1. to, about 2. from 3.
to, about 4. to 5. in 6. to, for 7. to 8. on 9. with 10. on 11. for 12. for 13. about, to,
about 14. to, about, about 15. to, about 16. into 17. at 18. at 19. at 20. with 21. into
22. with, for 23. for 24. for 25. for 26. to 27. to 28. on 29. with 30. in 31. from 32.
about 33. on 34. on 35. to 36. to 37. with 38. to 39. to 40. to. 41. of 42. of 43. of 44.
of 45. of. 46. for 47. about 48. about 49. to 50. at.

ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS

1. When you use an adjective after a link verb, you can often use the
adjective on its own or followed by a prepositional phrase.

2. Some adjectives cannot be used alone after a link verb, if they are
followed by a prepositional phrase, it must have a particular preposition:

aware
ofunaware of
different from /or to/
sorry about/ for 		accustomed tounaccustomed
to		 fond ofused to

3. Some adjectives can be used alone or followed by a particular
preposition:
Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the cause of a feeling:

afraid
envious
scared		 ashamed
frightened
suspicious		 convinced
jealous
terrified		 critical
proud
tired

Used alone or with ‘of’ to specify the person who has
a quality:

brave
good
polite
thoughtful
unreasonable		 careless
intelligent
sensible
unkind		 clever
kind
silly
wrong		 generous
nice
stupid

Used alone or with ‘to’, usually referring to:
similarity:


close equal identical related similar

marriage:

loyalty:


loyal and their opposites

rank:

Used alone or followed by ‘with’ to specify the cause
of a feeling:


bored
dissatisfied
pleased		 content
impatient
satisfied		 displeased
impressed

Used alone or with ‘at’, usually referring to:

strong reaction:

amazed
shocked		 astonished
surprised

ability:


bad
hopeless		 excellent
useless		 good

Used alone or with ‘for’ to specify the person or the
thing that quality relates to:

common difficult
important
unnecessary		 easy
necessary
unusual		 essential
possible
usual

4. Some adjectives can be used alone or with different
prepositions.
Used alone or with an impersonal subject and ‘of’ and the subject of
the action, or with a personal subject and ‘to’ and the object of the action:

cruel
kind
polite		 friendly
mean
rude		 generous
nasty
unfriendly 		goodpolite
nice
unkind

Used alone, with ‘about’ to specify a thing or ‘with’
to specify a person:

angry
fed up		 annoyed
furious		 delighted
happy		 disappointed
upset

EXERCISES

Put in the correct prepositions /of, to, with, at, about,
for, from/:

1. He was afraid ___ his enemies.

2. I’ve always been terribly fond ___ you.

3. He is unaccustomed ___ the heat.

4. They may feel jealous ___ your success.

5. I was terrified ___ her.

6. That was clever ___ you.

7. I turned the job down, which was stupid ___ me.

8. My problems are very similar ___ yours.

9. He was dedicated ___ his job.

10. I could never be bored ___ football.

11. He was very pleased ___ her.

12. He was shocked ___ the hatred they had shown.

13. She had always been bad ___ languages.

14. It’s difficult ___ young people on their own.

15. It was unusual ___them to go away at the weekend.

16. It was rude ___him to leave so suddenly.

17. She was rude ___him for no reason.

18. She was still angry ___ the results.

19. They’re getting pretty fed up ___ him.

20. If you continue to support someone who is in trouble you are loyal
___ them.

21. If two things are almost the same one is similar ___ the other.

22. Someone who is a fine athlete is good ___ games.

23. I was proud ___ my brother.

24. I’m very surprised ___ you. I can’t understand the way you
behave.

25. Life is very different ___ what it used to be.

26. Who is responsible ___ this mess?

27. I’m delighted ___ the result. It’s exactly what I wanted.

28. In the army, a sergeant is senior ___ a corporal.

29. If two things are exactly the same one is identical ___ the other.

30. If something makes you very unhappy, you are very upset ___ it.

31. If someone makes you very angry, you are furious ___ them.

32. If you feel that you do not trust someone, you are suspicious ___
them.

33. If you treat someone very well, you are being kind ___ them.

34. If you have agreed to marry someone, you are engaged ___ him/her.

35. Everyone was very critical ___ the way he behaved.

36. We were very happy ___ the way they treated us.

37. I was very displeased ___ the way they looked.

38. I feel sorry ___ Nick. He has a lot of problems.

39. I’m sorry ___ the noise last night. We were having a party.

40. That was not very polite ___ you.

41. Why are you always so rude ___ your parents?

42. Were you disappointed ___your exam results?

KEYS:

1. of 2. of 3. to 4. of
5. of 6. of 7. of 8. to 9. to 10. with 11. with 12. at 13. at 14. for 15. for 16. of 17.
to 18. about 19. with 20. to 21. to 22. at 23. of 24. at 25. from 26. for 27. with 28. to
29. to 30. about 31. with 32. of 33. to 34. to 35. of 36. about 37. with 38. for 39. about
40. of 41. to 42. with.

Compiled by Kisunko Helen
Moscow, School No. 651

Источник

You’ve probably heard that you can never, under any circumstances, use a preposition at the end of a sentence. However, there are plenty of opportunities to use a preposition in this manner, and if it makes your sentence sound more natural, it is absolutely acceptable. 

Below we review what a preposition is, how it can be used, when it is acceptable to end a sentence with one, and how to make corrections when it may be frowned upon. Use these rules and examples to ensure your writing is clear and concise. 

Can I End a Sentence With a Preposition?

Ending a sentence with a preposition is acceptable during informal writing and casual conversation. It is frowned upon when used in a formal context or when the preposition is missing an object. 

What is a Preposition?

A preposition is a word or group of words that show direction, time, location, place, spatial relationships, or introduce an object. They are relationship words used before a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun and are crucial for effective communication. 

There are over a hundred prepositions you can take advantage of, but the most common are those we use in everyday speech and writing. Frequently used prepositions include:

about above across
after against along
among around as
at before behind
between but by
during except for
from in like
next to of off
on over past
than through to
until up with

Ending a Sentence With a Preposition: When You Can and When You Can’t

There are various instances when you can and can’t use prepositions at the end of a sentence. We use them more often in speech than in writing due to the higher instances of casual conversation we involve ourselves with (see what I did there?). But, it is entirely acceptable to use them in writing as well to create an informal tone. 

However, avoid them during formal instances, and make sure you present your words properly. 

When to End a Sentence With a Preposition

There are many opportunities to use a preposition at the end of a sentence. The phrasing of these sentences is generally more conversational and, therefore, much more relaxed. 

In Informal Conversation and Writing

Informal settings allow for prepositional endings in conversation and writing. You most likely already do it when speaking to friends and family or in a casual atmosphere. It might also sound awkward not to use a preposition at the end, making it acceptable in this scenario as well. 

For Example:

  • Who are you talking about?
  • I have no idea what I’m hungry for. Vs. I have no idea for what I’m hungry. 

If the Preposition Is Part of an Informal Phrase

When the preposition is included in an informal phrase at the end of a sentence, its use is also acceptable. 

For Example:

  • Six excited preschoolers were almost too much to put up with. 

When an Idiom or Colloquialism Ends a Sentence

Some idioms and colloquialisms end in prepositions, and if you use them in sentences, they are appropriate to place at the end as well. 

For Example:

  • A good mechanic is hard to come by.

When NOT to End a Sentence With a Preposition

When speaking or writing to people you may not know for work or school assignments, it is best to take a more formal approach and avoid end of sentence prepositional use. When proofreading and editing these types of examples, consider moving prepositions within the sentences. 

In Formal Writing

The audience usually determines formal writing. If you are writing for work, an event, or to people you want to communicate clearly and concisely to, avoid the informal tone suggested with the placement of prepositions at the end of a sentence. 

For Example:

  • The early Triassic is the era on which I’m focused. Vs. the early Triassic is the area I’m focused on. 
  • Romantic literature is a subject about which Ruby knows nothing. Vs. Romantic literature is a subject Ruby knows nothing about. 

Prepositions and the Passive Voice

A passive voice in writing occurs when you might not know the subject of a sentence, or who is performing an action. It ends in a preposition and is easy to correct. However, there is nothing wrong with using it, even though traditional grammarians consider it a no-no. Just be sure that you have no other way to clarify the sentence without it sounding awkward. 

For Example:

  • The game has been called off. Vs. The game was rescheduled.
  • The issue was dealt with. Vs. The boss dealt with the issue. 

Unnecessary Prepositions

Sometimes, sentences end with a preposition because too many are in the sentence. These are easy to edit for clarity and to help avoid wordiness. 

For Example:

  • The whites and colored laundry need to be separated out. Vs. The whites and colored laundry need to be separated.
  • Sanna is confused about where she is going to. Vs. Sanna is confused about where she is going. 

Examples of Using Prepositions at the End of Sentences 

As with many grammar and usage rules, the question of whether or not to end sentences with prepositions is ultimately a matter of taste. 

These arbitrary rules have never hampered great writers and influencers, and sentence-ending prepositions can be found in some of the most beautiful writing in the English language. 

Ending a Sentence With “Is”

  • Winning isn’t everything, but wanting to win is.  [Vince Lombardi]

Ending a Sentence with “On”

  • When you reach the end of your rope, tie a knot in it and hang on.  [Franklin D. Roosevelt]
  • In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life: it goes on. [Robert Frost]

Ending a Sentence With “Up”

  • Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. [Thomas A. Edison]

Ending a Sentence With “With”

  • Finn the Red-Handed had stolen a skillet and a quantity of half-cured leaf tobacco, and had also brought a few corn-cobs to make pipes with. [Mark Twain]

Ending a Sentences With “To”

  • There was a little money left, but to Mrs. Bart, it seemed worse than nothing the mere mockery of what she was entitled to. [Edith Wharton]
  • It’s funny. All one has to do is say something nobody understands and they’ll do practically anything you want them to. [J D Salinger]

Ending a Sentence With “Of”

  • Mr. Barsad saw losing cards in it that Sydney Carton knew nothing of. [Charles Dickens]

Ending a Sentence With “For”

  • Then she remembered what she had been waiting for. [James Joyce]
  • There is some good in this world, and it’s worth fighting for. [J.RR. Tolkein]

Ending a Sentence With “Out”

  • Time, which sees all things, has found you out. [Oedipus]
  • Things work out best for those who make the best of how things work out. [John Wooden]

Ending a Sentence with “Over”

  • For you, a thousand times over. [Khaled Hosseini]

Let’s Review and a Worksheet to Download

Although we use many prepositions in everyday language, some of the most common ones make their way to the end of a sentence. This use is often casual and works to help a sentence flow. However, you want to avoid their use in formal settings if you can. Also, look for unnecessary use even in an informal situation, and correct the sentence for clarity. 

2022 05 03

Источник

Понравилась статья? Поделить с друзьями:
  • Is the word neighbor a noun
  • Is the word light a verb or a noun
  • Is the word needed a verb
  • Is the word lesson a noun
  • Is the word necessary a noun