Is the word i considered a noun

The Noun. Classification of nouns in English

Beginners to learn English usually do not think about such grammatical categories as gender, number, conjugation, mood, etc., considering this theoretical knowledge to be very far from practice.

However, the time has come to deal with the noun in English and we will start with the fact that all nouns in English can be divided into some classes.

Knowing these classes is necessary, since the use of articles, as well as other determinants of the noun. To find out what qualifiers a noun has, use the reference.

So, let’s begin.

Noun in English (for beginners). Classification

I. Nouns in English (nouns) are divided into:

1. concrete: a book, a ball, a computer, a story
2. material: wood, iron, water, snow
3. abstract: love, success, help, progress
4. collective: police, family, company, crowd

These 4 groups of nouns are called common nouns There are still own nouns (personal names and place names), which we will not consider for now.

II. Nouns in English (nouns) are also divided into:

1. countable (specific & collective)
2. uncountable (material and abstract)

* * *

Beginners of learning English need to get acquainted with specific and tangible nouns… Let’s see how these groups are related to each other.

1. Specific nouns (objects)

Specific nouns (subjects) are countable, that is, they can be counted (put in the plural).

EXAMPLE
one book = two books

* * *

2. Material nouns

Material nouns are uncountable, that is, they cannot be counted (put in the plural).

EXAMPLE
water — some water

* * *

Depending on whether the noun is quantifiable or uncountable depends on use with it article and quantity indicators.  Also, if a noun acts as a subject, then it is important to remember about it agreement with the predicate verb. The last point is the most important, since ignorance of it is the cause of a large number of errors.

Source: http://englishinn.ru/the-noun-klassifikatsiya-sushhestvitelnyih-v-angliyskom-yazyike-chast-1.html

German nouns

A noun denotes an object in a broad, generalized sense of the word.

Nouns are divided into common nouns and proper nouns. Common names can be concrete and abstract in meaning.

Specific nouns include:

1. Nouns that denote countable things:
   Fenster (window), Haus (house), Mensch (person).
2. Nouns that denote a collection of objects or a group of persons: Gemüse (vegetables), Obst (fruits), Geflügel (poultry), Studentenschaft (students).

   These nouns are called collective nouns.

3. Real nouns denoting material, substance:
   Wasser (water), Saft (juice), Kreide (chalk), Gold (gold).

Abstract nouns include words that denote abstract concepts: Wärme (warmth), Freundschaft (friendship), Wiederholung (repetition), Lesen (reading).

All nouns in German are capitalized.

The noun is a variable part of speech, it has gender, number, case.

The gender, number and case of a noun in German shows a special service word accompanying the noun — the article. The article is of two types: definite and indefinite.

Unit h. Multi. h

Definite article	Indefinite article
masculine — der	masculine — ein
feminine — die	feminine — eine
neuter — das	neuter — ein
— die

There is no indefinite article in the plural, since ein is one:

units h .: pl. h .:

Examples showing the gender of a noun in German:
• der Zug, ein Zug (train) is the name of the creatures. male;
• die Reise, eine Reise (journey) is the name of the creatures. female;
• das Land, ein Land (country) — the name of the creatures. neuter.

Examples showing the number of a noun in German:

units h.	pl. h
der Leiter — Manager	die Leiter — executives
das Zimmer — room	die Zimmer — rooms

It will also be helpful to read:

Source: http://deutsch-online.ru/dop_mat/grammatics/gram_tab_01_01_01

Distinctive features of specific and non-specific nouns

All common nouns can be divided into two large groups according to their lexical meaning and grammatical features: non-specific и specific.

Specific and non-specific

Every word in the language has its own meaning. Representatives of specific nouns are phenomena, things that exist in real life. You can see them, touch them. For example, a bed, a chair, clothes. They can name single objects or designate phenomena. They can be changed numerically, and can also be combined with the numerals that define the quantity.

In a large group of words that are specific in meaning, singularly considered nouns (singulars) are singled out separately. These are names denoting one item from a mass of substance: raisins, pearls, beans.

But non-specific nouns denote non-material concepts (feelings, actions, definitions of state and properties). Non-specific representatives, in turn, can be divided into several groups:

1. Real… They call substances. These items can also be quantified. They can be measured, but not counted. Units of measurement are combined with them (liter of milk, half a kilogram of sugar).
2. Collective… Words related to this part of speech denote many objects together, but at the same time one whole (raw materials, equipment, nobility). When forming, suffixes are used -ur, -st, -from, -hedgehog.
3. Abstract or abstract… This is a large group of words that do not denote a real object, but define a property, quality and action. Most often formed from adjectives or verbs using suffixes -stvo-, -from-, -in-, -to-, -th-, -atst-, -in-, — ni-, -ost-… (to rejoice is joy, flight is to run, blue is blue).

Some of them differ in an incomplete numerical paradigm: they are used only in the singular (joy, kindness, beauty, movement) or plural (yeast, cream, blush). They cannot be combined with numerals. BUT indefinitely quantitative words can be used with them (a lot of troubles, a little happiness, a lot of nonsense).

Lexical features of specific nouns

It is possible to determine the belonging of nouns to specific ones by certain criteria.

1. They have the form of a single and a plural: a chair — chairs, wardrobes, cucumber — cucumbers.
2. Combined with numbers, countable: two tables, one bush, eight books.
3. Combined with words a little / a lot.

Also includes the following special categories:

• Singulatives — mean one thing, an object that is isolated from a mass of similar objects: a vessel, a potato, a peasant. When forming such words, suffixes are used -inc-, -in-.
• words that are used exclusively in the plural form: sleigh, watch, scissors.

Determining the belonging of a word to any group is not difficult if you understand its meaning and know certain rules.

Grammatical features of specific nouns

This category can be identified by a number of characteristic features. They are used when naming real objects and phenomena.

1. In terms of meaning and morphological properties, they are opposed to real, abstract and collective types.
2. These items can be counted.

Also included in this group are the names of things and objects that have an exclusively singular number. These specimens are presented in reality only in a single form.

Concrete nouns denote objects that have a certain weight, size, dimensions. We can say about them: a large table, a long pencil.

To understand which group a particular word belongs to, you need to analyze its grammatical and lexical properties.

Source: https://kakpishem.ru/chasti-rechi/sushchestvitelnoe/otlichitelnye-osobennosti-konkretnyh-i-nekonkretnyh-suschestvitelnyh.html

Specific nouns

Specific nouns — these are words denoting individual or individual objects, phenomena, living beings that can be counted.

To understand what specific nouns are in Russian, we indicate their semantic groups, find out their grammatical features. Here are some examples of specific nouns.

The noun as an independent part of speech has objectivity, that is, the ability to name an object of reality. The words of this part of speech answer the questions of who? or what?

Nouns denote a huge number of objects, phenomena, actions and states, their signs, among which the following lexical and grammatical groups can be indicated by meaning:

Let’s consider in more detail which nouns are specific.

The concept of specific nouns

If a separate object can be picked up, touched, stroked, etc., then it can be called a concrete noun, in contrast to an abstract concept or phenomenon.

Let’s compare:

• drawing and coloring;
• notebook and writing;
• eye and look.

Specific nouns are words that denote real things, persons, animals, plants, etc. From this point of view, specific nouns are divided into semantic groups according to their meaning:

• names of people (person, master, driver);
• names of animals, birds, plants (cat, falcon, tree);
• natural phenomena (rain, thunderstorm, downpour, rainbow);
• manifestations of actions, states and processes (song, dance, complaint)

Let’s take into account that not all objects of reality can be touched, touched, that is, touched. Some of them can only be heard or seen, that is, to detect their presence with the help of the senses.

A gray cloud covered the sun.

We only see the cloud and the sun, and we can hear or sing the song ourselves, but nevertheless these words are concrete nouns. To understand this, we point out that specific nouns, in addition to a certain lexical meaning, have a number of grammatical features that radically distinguish them from abstract, real and collective nouns.

Features of specific nouns

1. Specific nouns change in numbers:

• cloud — clouds
• song — songs
• dance is dancing.

They are singular and plural. Although there is nothing absolute in the grammar of the Russian language, therefore, a number of specific nouns are used only in the plural form:

• watch
• scissors
• stretcher
• rake
• sledge
• sled
• jeans
• pants

2. Concrete nouns are the names of separate or singular objects that can be counted. These words are used with cardinal numbers:

• month — one month;
• backpack — two backpacks;
• entrance — three entrances;
• window — five windows;
• pencil — twelve pencils.

3. Nouns in the genitive plural are combined with the indefinite quantitative words «a lot», «a little»:

• a lot of children;
• few clouds;
• many lakes;
• little talk.

Source: https://russkiiyazyk.ru/chasti-rechi/sushhestvitelnoe/konkretnye-imena-suschestvitelnye.html

Noun. Lexico-semantic categories of nouns. lesson. Russian language Grade 6

We use nouns more often than other parts of speech: on average, there are about 100 nouns per 40 words.

The famous philologist L. Uspensky said: «A noun is the bread of the tongue.»

1. What is a noun?

A noun is an independent part of speech that designates an object or phenomenon and answers the questions “Who? What?». For example:

Who? — man who? — eagle, who? — Carlson.

What? — apple, what? — movement, what? — a memory.

Nouns have morphological signs of gender, number and case.

Nouns belong to one of three declensions.

The initial form of the noun is the nominative singular. For example: apple, person, friendship.

2. The syntactic role of nouns

In a sentence, a noun can be any member of the sentence, but most often it can be a subject or object. For example: Teacher took my notebook.

There are two nouns in this sentence: teacher and notebook. Let us put a question to them in order to determine which members of the sentence they are: (who?) The teacher, this is the subject; took (what?) a notebook, this is an addition.

And also a noun in a sentence can act as:

— predicate (Moscow is the capital) Moscow is (what is?) The capital.

— definitions (I saw a ladder to the attic) a ladder (which one?) To the attic.

— by circumstance (there was a cabinet in the corner) stood (where?) In the corner.

3. Educational observation

We will distribute the words palace, corn, gate, snow, friendship, bear, dream into three groups.

The words palace, gate, bear belong to the group of nouns denoting objects that can be seen, can be touched, can be counted.

The words corn, snow belong to the group of nouns denoting objects that can be seen, can be touched (but not always), can be measured, weighed (cannot be counted).

The words friendship, dream will belong to the group of nouns denoting objects that cannot be seen, cannot be touched, cannot be measured, weighed or counted.

Distributing words into appropriate groups, we divided nouns on the basis of a common semantic feature for their lexical meanings. From the Greek language, the word «semantics» is translated as «designating». In linguistics, semantics is a section that studies the meaning of language units.

4. Lexical-semantic categories

By meaning, all nouns can be divided into 4 groups:

1. Specific nouns name objects and processes that can be counted (as a rule, such nouns have singular and plural forms; the only exceptions are the names of paired objects: trousers, scissors):

• book — two books, many books;
• table — two tables, many tables;
• teacher — two teachers, many teachers.

2. Abstract (or abstract) nouns name phenomena and concepts perceived mentally. These are actions, processes, states, qualities. (Such nouns cannot be counted):

3. Real nouns name various substances that cannot be counted (but can be measured). These are chemical elements, minerals, building materials, food products, medicines, etc. They are used either in a unit or in many others. including:

4. Collective nouns call a set of identical objects, persons, creatures as a whole. They are used only in the form of a unit. numbers that cannot be counted:

• kids, furniture, crows.

5. We distribute nouns according to lexico-semantic categories

You need to pay attention to words such as «platoon», «group», «herd», «detachment», «flock». Such words also denote a collection of objects or persons, but more specific and limited. Such nouns are specific and countable.

The noun «kids» refers to an indefinite number of persons of the same age, as a whole. This noun defies counting. That is, you cannot say “two kids”. This noun is collective.

And in the phrase «a group of children» the noun «group» names a specific limited set of persons and lends itself to counting: you can say «two groups of children», «several groups.» This is a specific noun.

The noun «crow» refers to a collection of objects of the same type, indefinite in number, as a whole. It defies counting. You cannot say «two crows». This is a collective noun.

And in the phrase «flock of crows» the noun «flock» refers to a specific, limited set of objects. It lends itself to counting: you can say «two flocks», «several flocks.» This noun is specific.

Some nouns, depending on the meaning that appears in their context, can be considered either as material (a silver bracelet), or as collective (silverware).

References

1. Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others — M .: Education, 2008.
2. Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cl. — M .: Bustard, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6 cl. / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lecant. — M .: Bustard, 2010.

Additional recommended links to Internet resources

Source: https://interneturok.ru/lesson/russian/6-klass/bglava-3b/imya-suschestvitelnoe-leksiko-semanticheskie-razryady-imen-suschestvitelnyh