Is the word family plural or singular

There are some interesting rules associated with the singular and plural forms of “family.” You need to make sure you know what those rules are before writing about them, and this article will help you understand all there is to know.

Family is a collective noun, thus making it singular. We would always use “family is” or any other singular verb whenever we want to talk about a family as a singular unit. If you were referring to having more than one family, you would say, “families are.”

is family singular or plural

You would only use “family are” if you’re talking about each individual member of your family. If you are not grouping them up, and you refer to them as singular people, then “are” might make more sense as a plural verb.

When Should I Use “Family Is”?

“Family is” works in almost all cases. We use it in this way because “family” is a collective noun. We treat it as a singular unit, which implies that a singular verb is always the correct form to use.

  1. The family is gathering already. Would you like me to tell them to wait?
  2. I think the family is having a hard time coming to terms with this. You need to help them out.
  3. Your family is a nightmare! I’m glad I’m not marrying into it.
  4. My family is the best thing that ever happened to me. I wouldn’t change them for the world.
  5. This family is important to me. We might not be blood relatives, but we’re close enough.
  6. His family is trying to turn me away from him. I don’t like them at all.
  7. Your family is making this easy for me. I’ve already made my decision.

When Should I Use “Family Are”?

While it’s less common, “family are” is still correct. It would help to know when it works.

We use “family are” when we are singling out each member of the family in some way. It’s common for us to see phrases like “the people in the family are” beforehand. This helps us to single out specific people to use them in the plural form.

  1. All the people in my family are doctors.
  2. The guys in the family are having a party about this right now.
  3. You and your family are making this very difficult for me. Please help me instead of being a nuisance.
  4. He and my family are making the cakes. Are there any specific flavors you’d like?
  5. The people within the family are bickering amongst themselves. I wish they would be quiet for two seconds.
  6. The groups in his family are already forming. They need to settle these debates quickly.
  7. All the guys in the family are unsure whether they want to go ahead with this.

Is “Family Is” Or “Family Are” Used The Most?

It might help to know which of the two forms is more popular. While they are both correct in some cases, there is a clear winner in popularity between them.

According to Google Ngram Viewer, “family is” is used the most. This shows that “family” is more commonly treated as a single unit. We use it as a collective noun to refer to multiple family members, so it makes sense to see it in this way.

family is or family are english usage

With that said, “family are” is still correct. You can tell that because the graph shows that it does get used. It simply isn’t used as much as “family is.”

Is It “My Family Is” Or “My Family Are”?

“My family is” is correct in almost all cases. We use it when we want to refer to our family as a group of people only. “My family are” only works when we’ve already singled out each member with something like “all the people in my family are.”

  • My family is coming to town any minute now. Please be on your best behavior.
  • The people in my family are hard to get along with.

Is It “You And Your Family Is” Or “You And Your Family Are”?

“You and your family are” is the only correct form. We are referring to “you” (one person) and “your family” (one unit). Therefore, there are two total units being spoken about, meaning that a plural form is always suitable whenever we use “you and your family.”

  • Correct: You and your family are making this quite hard for me.
  • Incorrect: You and your family is being ridiculous. Can’t you change your minds?

Is It “The Smith Family Is” Or “The Smith Family Are”?

“The Smith family is” is correct in most cases. We use it when we are talking about the “Smith family” as a unit of people. We might use “the Smith family are” if we single out all the members (similar to using “my family are”).

  • The Smith family is making this hard. We need to come to some kind of arrangement with them.
  • The people in the Smith family are having a hard time understanding this.

Is “Family” Singular Or Plural In American English?

According to Google Ngram Viewer, “family” is singular in American English. We can see this is the case because “family is” is the most popular choice when looking at the two forms.

family is or family are American English

Is “Family” Singular Or Plural In British English?

Likewise in British English, Google Ngram Viewer shows that “family” is still correct as a singular form. In both countries, “family are” is sometimes used, but it’s the least popular choice, meaning “family” is better used as a singular word.

family is or family are British English

Is “Family” A Collective Noun?

“Family” is a collective noun. That’s what allows us to use the singular verb form after it. We are “collecting” each member of the family into one singular unit, which is why the verb form is correct.

Is “Family” A Proper Noun?

“Family” is not a proper noun. Proper nouns require capital letters no matter where they appear in writing. Things like names and places are usually proper nouns to show their significance. “Family” should always be uncapitalized as a regular noun.

You may also like:

“Family Was” or “Family Were” – Correct Version (With Examples)

“Family Has” or “Family Have” – Correct Version (With Examples)

martin lassen dam grammarhow

Martin holds a Master’s degree in Finance and International Business. He has six years of experience in professional communication with clients, executives, and colleagues. Furthermore, he has teaching experience from Aarhus University. Martin has been featured as an expert in communication and teaching on Forbes and Shopify. Read more about Martin here.

My students often ask me whether they should use singular or plural verb when talking about collective nouns like «police», «government» or «family». «My family is happy» or «My family are happy»? The short answer is that both are correct — it just depends on whether you are looking at it from the British or American perspective!

First, let’s talk about what collective nouns are. Collective nouns, such as «police», «family», «audience», «team», refer to a group of people or things that are seen as whole unit.

Typically, in the English language, the verb and the noun must «agree» — that is, if you are using a singular noun, the verb should reflect that (My dog is a Labrador. She loves swimming.), and similarly, plural nouns should be used with plural verbs (Labradors are energetic dogs. They were bred in Canada.) Easy, right? In theory, yes, but when it comes to collective nouns, things get complicated.

Technically, «family» is a singular noun. However, it refers to a group of people. This is why, according to the Oxford Dictionaries Blog, In British English it’s absolutely fine to treat most collective nouns as either singular or plural — you can say «my husband’s family is very religious» or «my husband’s family are very religious. In the US, however, it’s much more common to see singular verbs with collective nouns: «Our team is working on a new project».

So how do you decide what form of a verb to use?

 Remember that «police» should always be treated as a plural noun (The police have to be informed when a crime is committed.)
 If you are not sure, consult a dictionary. Good dictionaries (not translator apps like Google Translate) usually have some information about the grammar of a word. For example, if you look up «police» in the Cambridge dictionary, you`ll see the word «plural noun» next to it. In the Oxford Dictionary, the word family has «treated as singular or plural» written next to it.
 Be consistent in your usage! If you decided that you would like to follow the US rules and treat collective nouns as singular nouns, don’t change your mind in the middle of an essay.

 Family is very important. My family are always there for me.
 Family is very important. My family is always there for me.
 Family are very important. My family is always there for me.

Как будет во множественном числе слово family

Приветствуем всех ценителей английского языка! Как известно, English language славится своей простотой, но это свойство не мешает ему прятать в своей грамматике множество подводных камней. Вот, например, вопрос о том, как написать во множественном числе family, на первый взгляд простой. Но когда начинаешь обращать внимание на детали, то понимаешь, что слово семья по-английски во множественном числе пишется крайне своеобразно. Именно поэтому столь специфичному вопросу мы и решили уделить внимание с помощью отдельной статьи. Итак, сегодня будем разбираться, как образовать множественное число для family и для чего вообще это нужно делать. Приступим к работе!

Начать хочется с не менее интересного вопроса о том, в каком вообще числе используется family на английском: во множественном или единственном. И это действительно важный нюанс, поскольку от числа подлежащего зависит форма глагола (например, are или is, say или says и т.д.).

Вся загвоздка заключается в том, что family – собирательное существительное. Иначе говоря, одним словом мы обозначаем целую группу людей. Здесь и возникает проблема: считать это слово выражением множества или же во всем следует сохранять признаки единственного числа существительного, которым собственно и является данный термин. И если вы ждете от нас однозначного ответа, то напрасно, ведь можно сказать семья по-английски и во множественном числе, и в единственном. Почему? Дело в том, что в данном случае грамматика зависит от контекста ситуации.

Так, когда мы говорим о семье, как о единой, неделимой группе людей, то уместно будет согласовывать глагол в единственном числе. Поскольку само по себе понятие family и подразумевает объединение нескольких человек в одну ячейку общества.

  • Jess, our family is everything to me. — Джесс, наша семья – это всё для меня.
  • My family is discussing a possible move to Great Britain. — Моя семья обсуждает возможный переезд в Великобританию.
  • His family is scattered all over the world. — Его семья разбросана по всему свету.

А вот множественное число слова family проявляется в ситуации, когда намерено хотят подчеркнуть индивидуальность каждого члена семьи. Иначе говоря, контекст подразумевает не единую семью, а именно совокупность членов семьи, так сказать, собрание личностей и индивидуумов.

  • The whole family are musicians. — Вся семья – музыканты (каждый член семьи – музыкант)
  • All his family are flourishing. — Вся его семья процветает

Как видно, различие в контекстах довольно тонкое, но все же оно есть, и потому такой грамматический нюанс следует иметь в виду. Хотя откровенно говоря, чаще со словом family все же используют сказуемое в единственном числе. Но опять же, предупрежден – значит вооружен, тем более что в разговоре любая мелочь способна повредить правильному взаимопониманию собеседников.

Это все, что касалось употребления family в английском языке со множественным или единственным числом глагола. Сейчас же поговорим о множественной форме самого существительного, что тоже крайне важно.

Пишем форму множественного числа для family

Как мы уже выяснили, слово family собирательное, но все же обозначающее одну семью. Если же речь в разговоре идет о нескольких семьях, то следует заменить единственное число family на множественное, чему и будем учиться прямо сейчас. А понадобится нам для этого лишь вникнуть в нюансы образования множественного числа английских существительных.

В плане грамматики существительных английский язык не отличается обилием правил: все преобразования достаточно просты и лаконичны. Так, множественное число существительных в большинстве случаев образуется путем присоединения к слову дополнительной буквы –s. При этом особое внимание следует уделить окончанию основы слова, поскольку в зависимости от ситуации оно может измениться. Как раз и станет наглядным примером этого правила в английском языке множественное число family.

Согласно грамматической норме, для образования множественной формы необходимо присоединить к слову –s. В таком случае мы получили бы термин – familys. Однако, подобное написание неверно. Поэтому особое внимание стоит уделить правилам добавления этого окончания –s. В частности, есть уточнение, что при добавлении –s к конечной гласной y, эта самая гласная изменяется на буквосочетание ie. И только после проведения данной трансформации, к термину уже присоединяется конечное –s. В результате соблюдения всех необходимых правил, обозначение семьи по-английски во множественном числе выглядит следующим образом:

  • families

Именно так, и никак иначе, можно рассказать на английском языке сразу о нескольких семьях. И чтобы эту форму слова вы запомнили легко, но надолго, закрепим ее изучение с помощью наглядных примеров употребления families в английской речи. Кстати, заодно обратите внимание на то, что английский термин, в отличие от русского, никогда не изменяется по падежам.

  • These families live in the poorest area of the city. — Эти семьи живут в самом нищем районе города.
  • Our students come from the finest families. — Наши студенты происходят из благороднейших семей.
  • The man has just caused a lot of problems for these people’s families. — Этот человек доставил множество проблем семьям этих людей.

А следующая знаменитая поговорка поможет ученикам убить сразу двух зайцев: и запомнить подходящую family форму глагола, и научиться превращать данное во множественный термин.

  • All happy families are like one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. — Все счастливые семьи похожи друг на друга; каждая несчастливая семья несчастна по-своему.

Вот и подошло к завершению наше сегодняшнее занятие. Надеемся, что теория была легка и доступна, а практические примеры действительно помогли вам быстрее разобраться в сути правил и запомнить верное употребление слова family во множественном и единственном числе. Успешной практики полученных знаний и до новых встреч!

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Omvazquez31


  • #1

Regards :
What’s the form correct to the next statements??
My family watch a lot of t.v.? or My family watches a lot of t.v.? and why?

[…]

Last edited by a moderator: Nov 15, 2011

    • #2

    Regards :
    What’s the form correct to the next statements??
    My family watch a lot of t.v.?:cross: or My family watches a lot of t.v.?:tick: and why?

    […]

    Last edited by a moderator: Nov 15, 2011

    Omvazquez31


    flljob


    • #4

    Family es la tercera persona del singular, por lo tanto le corresponde watches.

    • #5

    My family watch a lot of t.v.?

    Family is a third person singular noun.

    I see, you see, she sees, he sees, they see, we see.

    Third person singular nouns need an «s» with the verbs.

    blasita


    • #6

    Hello.

    ‘Family’ is a collective noun. As far as I know, in BrE collective nouns can take either singular or plural verbs depending on whether the focus is on individual members or on the group as a whole, so technically both «my family watches …» and «my family watch …» are correct. Singular is preferred in AmE in similar cases.

    Saludos.

    bzu

    Senior Member


    Agró


    • #8

    Singular words which refer to groups of people (like family, team, government) can often be used as if they were plural, especially in British English.

    My family have decided to move to Nottingham.

    (…)

    M. Swan, Practical English Usage.

    • #9

    Singular words which refer to groups of people (like family, team, government) can often be used as if they were plural, especially in British English.

    I agree, but I’d change especially to only. Here in the States, I have never heard the plural form of a verb used with collective nouns like team and family.

    • #10

    In the UK, 95% of the time, people say ‘Watch’ although I think that watches is probably correct.

    I think that in the US they are more strict about that.

    We would say Manchester United ARE winning 2-1, but in the USA, I think they would say IS. Unless, you are writing an essay, both are correct.

    Another example would be that most people in the UK would say…’The government ARE going to lower taxes’

    blasita


    • #11

    In the UK, 95% of the time, people say ‘Watch’ although I think that watches is probably correct.

    I think we can state that singular and plural are both grammatically correct in this case; just different use.

    Last edited: Nov 15, 2011

    Masood


    • #12

    I agree, but I’d change especially to only. Here in the States, I have never heard the plural form of a verb used with collective nouns like team and family.

    I wouldn’t go that far, Spug.
    There are plenty of other English-speaking countries in the world.

    • #13

    ‘ONLY in British English’

    What about the Irish??

    bzu

    Senior Member


    • #14

    We would say Manchester United ARE winning 2-1, but in the USA, I think they would say IS. Unless, you are writing an essay, both are correct.

    ^I think Saintcasper’s football team example is a good one. In the course of a game, it would sound «off» to most British ears for a commentator to say «Manchester United IS playing well» because we imagine the team as a group of individuals and not as some kind of abstract single entity playing by itself. On the other hand, it would be preferable to say «Manchester United IS a global brand». As blasita said, it’s about the focus. But as mentioned above, most Americans consider that «ARE» usage as just plain wrong.

    PS: Pop/rock groups are another good example. In the UK we would usually say: «Radiohead are…», whereas in North America: «Radiohead is…».

    • #15

    Is ‘family’ a singular or a plural noun?

    • #16

    You can use both forms. If you consider your family as a «whole group» then you use singular. If you consider ech one of them as an individual of a group, you use plural.

    • #17

    You can use both forms. If you consider your family as a «whole group» then you use singular. If you consider each one of them as an individual of a group, you use plural.

    Agreed. I personally would say «my family goes skiing» and I think that would be common usage in the US.

    • #18

    No, you can’t use both forms, at least not in US English. Certain nouns are treated as plural nouns in British English but as singular nouns in US English. Thus, nouns like the family, the jury, the company all take the singular in US English (but not in British English). In proper US English, it must be «my family goes skiing.»

    Chispa123


    • #19

    But in sports…..even though the Patriots is the team’s name, when talking about the team, we use the plural. The Patriots are not having a great season this year!

    ribran


    • #21

    In Michael Swan’s Practical English Usage he says that US English commonly uses SINGULAR in these cases (though they can take plural pronouns), but «family» is the exception that can take either singular or plural.

    Last edited: Nov 23, 2011

    fenixpollo


    • #22

    In Michael Swan’s Practical English Usage he says that US English commonly uses SINGULAR in these cases (though they can take plural pronouns), but «family» is the exception that can take either singular or plural.

    Doesn’t sound right to me. I can’t think of a single example in which family could be plural. Does Swan give any specific examples?

    But in sports…..even though the Patriots is the team’s name, when talking about the team, we use the plural. The Patriots are not having a great season this year!

    Because the team’s name is plural. The Patriots are not having a great season, but Real Salt Lake is, and so is the Minnesota Wild.

    • #23

    Doesn’t sound right to me. I can’t think of a single example in which family could be plural. Does Swan give any specific examples? Because the team’s name is plural. The Patriots are not having a great season, but Real Salt Lake is, and so is the Minnesota Wild.

    Fenixpollo, the example Mr Swan gives is this:

    «My family have decided to move to Nottingham. They think it’s a better place to live»

    • #24

    But in sports…..even though the Patriots is the team’s name, when talking about the team, we use the plural. The Patriots are not having a great season this year!

    The team is playing well.
    The Patriots are playing well. (Not one Patriot, but many Patriots, plural).

    • #25

    Fenixpollo, the example Mr Swan gives is this:

    «My family have decided to move to Nottingham. They think it’s a better place to live»

    Tegui, this is an example of British English. In American English, it would be «My family has…»

    • #26

    …the example Mr Swan gives is this:

    «My family have decided to move to Nottingham. They think it’s a better place to live»

    «My family have decided to move to Nottingham.» BE, and perhaps other regions such as Australia and New Zealand (but wait for confirmation from speakers from those regions)

    «My family has decided to move to Nottingham.» AE.

    fenixpollo is right with respect to AE in this construction. It would be very rare for an AE speaker to say «My family have…»

    • #27

    No, it depends on the sense.

    The jury is sequestered in the hotel.
    The jury are fighting about their verdict.

    Ribran, your link to Webster’s didn’t let me see anything. In any case, «The jury are fighting» sounds very strange to my American ears. I would say «The members of the jury are fighting,» or «The jurors are fighting,» but «The jury is…»

    Chispa123


    • #28

    Doesn’t sound right to me. I can’t think of a single example in which family could be plural. Does Swan give any specific examples? Because the team’s name is plural. The Patriots are not having a great season, but Real Salt Lake is, and so is the Minnesota Wild.

    Accuse me of bad English, Fenix, but are the Real Salt Lake’s really having a good season? And how about those Minnesota Wild’s?

    fenixpollo


    • #29

    Fenixpollo, the example Mr Swan gives is this:

    «My family have decided to move to Nottingham. They think it’s a better place to live»

    In AE, it would definitely be «My family has decided to move to Nottingham. They think it’s a better place to live.» With the verb «think», it would be strange to use the singular when referring to what it is that all of the family members think. So Swan was half right because it appears that we use incorrect grammar in this one example («incorrect» because of the lack of parallel structure).

    Accuse me of bad English, Fenix, but are the Real Salt Lake’s really having a good season? And how about those Minnesota Wild’s?

    I didn’t mean to sound like I was accusing you of anything, Chispa. I was agreeing with you that we use plural pronouns and verbs for plural team names; then I also pointed out that we use singular pronouns and verbs for singular team names. And yes, they are both having good seasons. ;)

    • #30

    In any case, «The jury are fighting» sounds very strange to my American ears.

    I agree completely. I’ve never heard such a usage anywhere in the US. It’s standard and (as far as I know) fully acceptable BE usage, but it sounds quite jarring to us.

    ribran


    • #31

    Ribran, your link to Webster’s didn’t let me see anything. In any case, «The jury are fighting» sounds very strange to my American ears. I would say «The members of the jury are fighting,» or «The jurors are fighting,» but «The jury is…»

    Sorry, the examples are on pages 40 and 41. Also here on page 88.

    More examples:
    Here
    Here (page 164)
    Here (page 105)

    • #32

    Interesting reading, ribran. These sources all confirm that it is standard American usage to treat collective nouns as singular. The Writer’s Guide Grammar Desk Reference laments the «inconsistency» when people use a singular verb with a group noun and then turn around and speak of its members in the plural, e.g. «Her family was Catholic and treated like second-class citizens.» But this example (from the Atlantic Monthly) just goes to show how strongly Americans don’t want to say «Her family were Catholic».

    Other examples cited in your linked sources of collective nouns taking plural verbs:

    «The committee argue often about their opinions.»
    «Sigurd’s soccer team all have the flu.»

    While these sentences are grammatically correct, and apparently perfectly acceptable in the UK (and in what other English-speaking countries I won’t venture to guess), as far as American usage goes I would say they’re quite awkward. To be sure, «The committee argues often about its opinions» isn’t any better, since we mean to talk about the various members of the committee at variance with each other, not about a unified whole. What I would actually say, then, is:

    «The committee members argue often about their opinions.»
    «Everyone on Sigurd’s soccer team has the flu,» or «All of the guys on Sigurd’s soccer team have the flu.»
    «They were Catholic and treated like second-class citizens.»

    ribran


    • #33

    Interesting reading, ribran. These sources all confirm that it is standard American usage to treat collective nouns as singular.

    OK, but that doesn’t mean they can’t be considered plural.

    While these sentences are grammatically correct, and apparently perfectly acceptable in the UK (and in what other English-speaking countries I won’t venture to guess), as far as American usage goes I would say they’re quite awkward. To be sure, «The committee argues often about its opinions» isn’t any better, since we mean to talk about the various members of the committee at variance with each other, not about a unified whole. What I would actually say, then, is:

    They were all written by Americans. Your suggestions all seem fine to me, but I don’t see it as necessary to frame them that way.

    (I don’t like all the examples, but I disagree with the claim that «singular» nouns always take singular verbs in AmE.)

    • #34

    So,

    it’s simple

    : in AE collective nouns take singular verbs and in BrE we can use either singular or plural.
    Please remember that Mr Swan’s book is British and when needed he points out what the usage in AmE is.

    EDITED : collective nouns instead of singular nouns (Thanks to Ribran and Fenixpollo for correcting my mistake)

    Last edited: Nov 24, 2011

    ribran


    • #35

    So,

    it’s simple

    : in AE singular nouns take singular verbs and in BrE we can use either singular or plural.
    Please remember that Mr Swan’s book is British and when needed he points out what the usage in AmE is.

    I’m not sure what led you to that conclusion… There are general preferences, but it’s not so simple.

    Really, check any modern American usage guide. They all say pretty much the same thing.

    Last edited: Nov 23, 2011

    fenixpollo


    • #36

    So,

    it’s simple

    : in AE singular nouns take singular verbs and in BrE we can use either singular or plural.

    I disagree that it’s simple, because it’s not a distinction between «singular nouns» versus «plural nouns». The concept here is collective noun: a noun that appears to be singular, but which can be treated as either singular or plural — which is a preference, as ribran says, that mostly depends on the speaker’s region.

    • #37

    Most (if not all) American English-speakers would say «The jury members are fighting about their verdict.»

    Last edited: Nov 24, 2011

    • #38

    Hi, so for example, which one of this two phrases are correct?
    «My family love me» or «My family loves me»
    And why?

    Last edited: Jul 15, 2013

    DearPrudence


    • #39

    A few selected posts that should answer your question ;)

    Family is a third person singular noun.

    I see, you see, she sees, he sees, they see, we see.

    Third person singular nouns need an «s» with the verbs.

    Hello.

    ‘Family’ is a collective noun. As far as I know, in BrE collective nouns can take either singular or plural verbs depending on whether the focus is on individual members or on the group as a whole, so technically both «my family watches …» and «my family watch …» are correct. Singular is preferred in AmE in similar cases.

    Saludos.

    Singular words which refer to groups of people (like family, team, government) can often be used as if they were plural, especially in British English.

    My family have decided to move to Nottingham.

    (…)

    M. Swan, Practical English Usage.

    I agree, but I’d change especially to only. Here in the States, I have never heard the plural form of a verb used with collective nouns like team and family.

    In the UK, 95% of the time, people say ‘Watch’ although I think that watches is probably correct.

    I think that in the US they are more strict about that.

    We would say Manchester United ARE winning 2-1, but in the USA, I think they would say IS. Unless, you are writing an essay, both are correct.

    Another example would be that most people in the UK would say…’The government ARE going to lower taxes’

    No, you can’t use both forms, at least not in US English. Certain nouns are treated as plural nouns in British English but as singular nouns in US English. Thus, nouns like the family, the jury, the company all take the singular in US English (but not in British English). In proper US English, it must be «my family goes skiing.»

    So to sum up:
    Para resumir,
    en inglés británico, sería:
    my family love me (plural: collective noun)
    pero en inglés americano:
    my family loves me (singular)

    Last edited: Jul 15, 2013

    The English language can be confusing. Some words might sound the same, while they are spelled differently, and some words are spelled the same and yet have different meanings.

    If you are confused about how to pluralize the word “family,” or whether or not you should add an apostrophe, you aren’t alone.  

    The word families is plural, denoting more than one family. The word family’s — with an apostrophe and added “s” — is singular and shows possession. Therefore, the difference between families and family’s lies in understanding possession versus pluralization. Possessive nouns show that something belongs to a person, place, or thing. Plural nouns simply mean that there is more than one.  

    We’ll go through the basics behind each spelling, as well as when and how to use both correctly so that, by the time you finish reading, you’ll be an expert too.

    Understanding Pluralization Versus Possession 

    The most confusing part about understanding the difference between possessive nouns and plural nouns is that, with each, you’ll often find an added “s” at the end of the word. But, in both cases, the “s” means something different.  

    Let’s look at an example. Below, three sentences are using different versions of the same word:  

    1.     My family is going to the beach this summer.

    2.     Many families are going to the beach this summer.   

    3.     My family’s bags are packed! 

    In these sentences, there are three different spellings for the noun, family.  

    Remember that nouns are people, places, things, and even ideas (source). And nouns can be singular (meaning one), plural (meaning more than one), or they can show possession or ownership, meaning that something belongs to the person, place, or thing.  

    The word family, with no added “s” or apostrophe, simply means that we are talking about one family. In sentence number one above — my family is going to the beach this summer — one family is going to the beach.  

    And, the good news is that if you are only talking about one family, this is the spelling you will always use.  

    Things get tricky when we start changing the spelling to be plural or possessive.

    Take a look at the second sentence, “Many families are going to the beach this summer.”  The spelling is a bit different, and there is no apostrophe added to the word. You might be asking yourself why.

    The reason is that we are simply talking about more than one family doing something, not owning or possessing something. Let’s first look at how we make words plural.

    Making Nouns Plural

    Again, the word plural means “more than one.”  Often, when you have more than one person, place, or idea, you want to communicate that in your writing, and you do so by changing the form or spelling of the word.  

    For most nouns, we can simply add an “s” to show that there is more than one (source).  

    Unfortunately, though, for many nouns, including the noun family, you also have to change the spelling of the word. It all depends on the letter at the end of the word. It’s a bit of memorization and practice, but you’ll be surprised how quickly you get the hang of it.  

    Below are some of the basic rules you’ll want to follow to show that you have more than one of something. But in each of these instances, you have to do more than simply add an “s” to the end of the word:

    Scenario Rule Example Explanation
    For nouns ending in “s,” “x,” “z,” “ch,” or “sh”: Add “es” to show that there is more than one. At the park, we sat on all three benches to rest.  Because the word “benches” ends in “ch,” we cannot add an “s” alone.  We have to add “es” to show there is more than one.
    For a noun ending in “y” that is not preceded by a vowel. First, change the “y” to an “i” and then add “es.” I went to four birthday parties this year.     Here, the singular noun “party” ends in “y.” Therefore, we changed the “y” to an “i” before adding “es.”
    For a noun ending in “y” that is preceded by a vowel. Simply add an “s.” At the zoo, there were many different kinds of monkeys.   The word “monkey” ends in “y,” but right before the “y,” you’ll see the vowel, “e.”  Remember that if there is a vowel before the “y,” you simply add an “s” to show there is more than one.
    For a noun ending in “o” that is not preceded by a vowel. Add an “es” to show there is more than one. I have many heroes, but my dad is my number one hero.   Because the word “hero” ends with a consonant and then an “o,” you will add an “es” to the end of the word to show that there is more than one. 
    For a noun ending in “o” that is preceded by a vowel. Simply add an “s.”  There were four old radios in my grandpa’s attic.  Here, the word “radio” ends in “io.”  Because “i” is a vowel that precedes the “o,” we will only add an “s.”

    A great idea is to keep a guide handy that will help you identify the different rules of pluralization as you begin practicing, especially with some tricky words and spellings, such as musical terms.  

    The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology and Dreyer’s English style guide are great additions to your library and will help you with new words, style, and spelling. You can easily find both on Amazon.

    There are more rules than in the list above, but we’ll stick to those few basics so that we can focus specifically on the word we are working on: “families.”  

    You’ll notice that the noun family ends with a “y,” so to show that there is more than one, simply change the “y” to an “i” and then add an “es” (source). The word families shows that there is more than one family.

    In this case, nothing belongs to these families, so we are not going to add an apostrophe. We only add apostrophes to show that the noun is in possession of something.  Let’s take a look at why, next.

    Showing Possession

    Showing possession in writing is a way to communicate that something belongs to someone or something (source). In English, we do that with a little character called an apostrophe. It looks a lot like a comma, but it’s in a different spot.  

    You can show ownership for both singular and plural nouns; the difference is all in the spelling and where, precisely, you will need to put that apostrophe. Let’s start with singular nouns since those are a bit easier.  

    Let’s say that you want to show that something belongs to your family and your family only. Here is an example sentence:

    1.     She threw my family’s baseball back to us when we accidentally lost it in her yard.  

    Here, we are talking about one family. When you are dealing with a singular noun, and you want to show ownership, you will first add an apostrophe to the end of the word, and then an “s.” Let’s look at another example.

    2.     My family’s beach ball was red, yellow, blue, and orange.  

    Here, again, we are talking about something that belongs to one family, so we simply add an apostrophe first, and then an “s” to show that the beach ball belongs to one family.  We don’t have to change the spelling of family at all — we just add to it.  

    But what if you wanted to show that something belonged to more than one family?  If you are scratching your head wondering what to do, that is okay!  Let’s take a look — here is an example sentence:

    1.     The families’ pets were all playing together at the dog park.

    You’ll notice here that we are talking about more than one pet with the plural noun, pets.  And, we wanted to show that the pets belonged to more than one family, too.  

    So, you’ll see first that the plural form of the word family is used — families. However, do you notice anything different about the apostrophe? 

    If you said it is in a different spot, you are absolutely right. Instead of being placed on the inside of the “s,” we placed it on the outside. Below is a pretty simple rule to remember when showing possession for plural nouns like families:

    Rule Reasoning Example
    To show possession with a plural noun, you will add only an apostrophe to the end of the word.   The reason we only have to add an apostrophe to show possession with plural nouns, such as families, is because there is already an “s” at the end of the word, so we don’t have to add another one. Here are a few more examples:
    1. The boys’ balls were all in the toy bin.
    2. The babies’ bottles were almost empty. 
    3. The families’ lunches were all sent to the park for the picnic.

    If you look at the first example sentence in the box above, the balls belong to more than one boy. I know this because the apostrophe is after the “s.”  If the ball belonged to only one boy, it would look like this: boy’s.  

    The word babies is a lot like the word families. The singular form ends in y (baby).  So, to make it plural, we change the “y” to an “i” and add “es.”  Then, to show possession,  we add an apostrophe to the end of the word to get babies’

    To learn more about how to show possession with singular and plural nouns, take a look at “People’s or Peoples’: Understanding the Differences Between the Two Terms.”  

    Families or Family’s: Summing It All Up

    All of these rules can definitely get confusing. Learning them takes practice, so don’t get discouraged.

    To review, below are the main differences between the singular and plural form for the word “family,” and the singular and plural possessive form of the same word.  

    Family Singular Noun
    Families Plural Noun
    Family’s  Singular Possessive Noun
    Families’  Plural Possessive Noun

    Final Thoughts

    Remember, mastering grammar in the English language can be pretty tricky. It takes time and practice. 

    But, be sure to keep resources in your library like those mentioned above — The Oxford English Dictionary and Dryer’s English — they’ll help you as you begin to learn even more about different spellings and their meanings.  

    And don’t give up. Soon enough, it’ll become a habit, and you won’t have to think about it at all! 

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