Is storing a word

 
 English ⇄ Russian

storing a word
progr.	сохранение слова (ssn)

storing a word: 2 phrases in 1 subject

Programming

2

You almost had it, to define an array of strings you can do this¹

const char *array[] = {"first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth"};

Also please consider:

1. The single quotes are used to get an int that corresponds to the ascii value of a single character and is called a character constant. Multiple characeters enclosed by single quotes are called multicharaceter constants and also give you an int value, the value being implementation defined.

2. When using string literals like the ones initializing the array above, always use const. That will help you prevent modifying them which is illegal.

There is no string type in c. To have strings you need to understand what they are and how they work. A c string is nothing but a sequence (array if you will) of non- bytes followed by a '' that marks the end of it.

In the code above you have 5 strings, take for example "first", it consists of the following sequence

{'f', 'i', 'r', 's', 't', ''}

the terminating '' is very important.

So you create an array of pointers to strings, but strings in the sense explained above.

---

¹_{An array of char poitners, initialized with string literals. So it’s an array of char pointers pointing to string literals.}

I [gəu]
1.

;

прош. вр.

went,

прич. прош. вр.

gone

1)

а) идти, ехать, двигаться

We are going too fast. — Мы идём слишком быстро.

Who goes? Stand, or I fire. — Стой, кто идёт? Стрелять буду.

The baby went behind his mother to play a hiding game. — Малыш решил поиграть в прятки и спрятался за маму.

Go ahead, what are you waiting for? — Идите вперёд, чего вы ждёте?

I’ll go ahead and warn the others to expect you later. — Я пойду вперёд и предупрежу остальных, что вы подойдёте позже.

My brother quickly passing him, went ahead, and won the match easily. — Мой брат быстро обогнал его, вышел вперёд и легко выиграл матч.

As the roads were so icy, the cars were going along very slowly and carefully. — Так как дороги были покрыты льдом, машины продвигались очень медленно и осторожно.

The deer has gone beyond the trees; I can’t shoot at it from this distance. — Олень зашёл за деревья; я не могу попасть в него с этого расстояния.

You’ve missed the bus, it just went by. — Ты опоздал на автобус, он только что проехал.

Let’s go forward to the front of the hall. — Давай продвинемся к началу зала.

I have to go in now, my mother’s calling me for tea. — Мне надо идти, мама зовёт меня пить чай.

The car went into a tree and was severely damaged. — Машина влетела в дерево и была сильно повреждена.

The police examined the cars and then allowed them to go on. — Полицейские осмотрели машины, а потом пропустили их.

I don’t think you should go out with that bad cold. — Я думаю, с такой простудой тебе лучше сидеть дома.

It’s dangerous here, with bullets going over our heads all the time. — Здесь опасно, пули так и свистят над головами.

I fear that you cannot go over to the cottage. — Боюсь, что ты не сможешь сходить в этот коттедж.

I spent a day or two on going round and seeing the other colleges. — Я провёл день или два, обходя другие колледжи.

This material is so stiff that even my thickest needle won’t go through. — Этот материал настолько плотный, что даже моя самая большая игла не может проткнуть его.

Don’t leave me alone, let me go with you! — Не бросай меня, позволь мне пойти с тобой!

The piano won’t go through this narrow entrance. — Фортепиано не пройдёт сквозь этот узкий вход.

There is no such thing as a level street in the city: those which do not go up, go down. — В городе нет такого понятия как ровная улица: те, которые не идут вверх, спускаются вниз.

to go on travels, to go on a journey, to go on a voyage — отправиться в путешествие

He wants me to go on a cruise with him. — Он хочет, чтобы я отправился с ним в круиз.

в) уходить, уезжать

Please go now, I’m getting tired. — Теперь, пожалуйста, уходи, я устал.

I have to go at 5.30. — Я должен уйти в 5.30.

There was no answer to my knock, so I went away. — На мой стук никто не ответил, так что я ушёл.

Why did the painter leave his family and go off to live on a tropical island? — Почему художник бросил свою семью и уехал жить на остров в тропиках?

At the end of this scene, the murderer goes off, hearing the police arrive. — В конце сцены убийца уходит, заслышав приближение полиции.

Syn:

г) пойти , уехать с определённой целью

to go to bed — идти, отправляться, ложиться спать

You’d better go for the police. — Ты лучше сбегай за полицией.

д) заниматься ; двигаться определённым образом

The bus goes right to the centre of town. — Автобус ходит прямо до центра города.

The ship goes between the two islands. — Корабль курсирует между двумя островами.

2)

а) следовать определённым курсом, идти прям. и перен.

She will never go my way, nor, I fear, shall I ever go hers. — Она никогда не будет действовать так, как я, и, боюсь, я никогда не буду действовать так, как она.

б) прибегать , обращаться

3) ходить регулярно, с какой-л. целью

When I was young, we went to church every Sunday. — Когда я был маленьким, мы каждое воскресенье ходили в церковь.

4)

а) идти , вести

The boundary here goes parallel with the river. — Граница идёт здесь вдоль реки.

This door goes outside. — Эта дверь выходит наружу.

5) происходить, случаться, развиваться, проистекать

The annual dinner never goes better than when he is in the chair. — Ежегодный обед проходит лучше всего, когда он председательствует.

The game went so strangely that I couldn’t possibly tell. — Игра шла так странно, что и не рассказать.

The election went against him. — Выборы кончились для него неудачно.

What has gone of…? — Что стало, что произошло с…?

Nobody in Porlock ever knew what has gone with him. — Никто в Порлоке так и не узнал, что с ним стало.

6)

The battery in this watch is going. — Батарейка в часах садится.

Sometimes the eyesight goes forever. — Иногда зрение теряют навсегда.

I could feel my brain going. — Я чувствовал, что мой ум перестаёт работать.

You see that your father is going very fast. — Вы видите, что ваш отец очень быстро сдаёт.

б) ломаться; изнашиваться

The platform went. — Трибуна обрушилась.

About half past three the foremast went in three places. — Около половины четвёртого фок-мачта треснула в трёх местах.

The dike might go any minute. — Дамбу может прорвать в любую минуту.

My old sweater had started to go at the elbows. — Мой старый свитер начал протираться на локтях.

Syn:

в) быть поражённым болезнью, гнить

The crop is good, but the potato is going everywhere. — Урожай зерновых хорош, а картофель начинает повсюду гнить.

to go aloft / off the hooks / off the stocks / to (the) pot разг. — отправиться на небеса, протянуть ноги, сыграть в ящик

Your brother’s gone — died half-an-hour ago. — Ваш брат покинул этот мир — скончался полчаса назад.

Hope he hasn’t gone down; he deserved to live. — Надеюсь, что он не умер; он заслужил того, чтобы жить.

The doctors told me that he might go off any day. — Доктора сказали мне, что он может скончаться со дня на день.

I hope that when I go out I shall leave a better world behind me. — Надеюсь, что мир станет лучше, когда меня не будет.

а) вмещаться, подходить

The space is too small, the bookcase won’t go in. — Здесь слишком мало места, книжный шкаф сюда не войдёт.

Elzevirs go readily into the pocket. — Средневековые книги-эльзевиры легко входят в карман.

The thread is too thick to go into the needle. — Эта нитка слишком толста, чтобы пролезть в игольное ушко.

Three goes into fifteen five times. — Три содержится в пятнадцати пять раз.

All the good we can find about him will go into a very few words. — Всё хорошее, что мы в нём можем найти, можно выразить в нескольких словах.

б) соответствовать, подходить

This furniture would go well in any room. — Эта мебель подойдёт для любой комнаты.

I don’t think these colours really go, do you? — Я не думаю, что эти цвета подходят, а ты как думаешь?

Oranges go surprisingly well with duck. — Апельсины отлично подходят к утке.

That green hat doesn’t go with the blue dress. — Эта зелёная шляпа не идёт к синему платью.

в) помещаться , постоянно храниться

This box goes on the third shelf from the top. — Эта коробка стоит на третьей полке сверху.

This book goes here. — Эта книга стоит здесь (здесь её место).

He’s short, as jockeys go. — Он довольно низкого роста, даже для жокея.

«How goes it, Joe?» — «Pretty well, as times go.» — «Как дела, Джо?» — «По нынешним временам вполне сносно».

10) быть посланным, отправленным

I’d like this letter to go first class. — Я хотел бы отправить это письмо первым классом.

11) проходить, пролетать

This week’s gone so fast — I can’t believe it’s Friday already. — Эта неделя прошла так быстро, не могу поверить, что уже пятница.

Time goes so fast when you’re having fun. — Когда нам весело, время бежит.

Summer is going. — Лето проходит.

One week and half of another is already gone. — Уже прошло полторы недели.

12)

а) пойти , быть потраченным

Whatever money he got it all went on paying his debt. — Сколько бы денег он ни получил, всё уходило на выплату долга.

Your money went towards a new computer for the school. — Ваши деньги пошли на новый компьютер для школы.

Not more than a quarter of your income should go in rent. — На арендную плату должно уходить не более четверти дохода.

б) уменьшаться, кончаться

We were worried because the food was completely gone and the water was going fast. — Мы беспокоились, так как еда уже кончилась, а вода подходила к концу.

The cake went fast. — Пирог был тут же съеден.

All its independence was gone. — Вся его независимость исчезла.

One of the results of using those drugs is that the will entirely goes. — Одно из последствий приёма этих лекарств — полная потеря воли.

This feeling gradually goes off. — Это чувство постепенно исчезает.

They can fire me, but I won’t go quietly. — Они могут меня уволить, но я не уйду тихо.

14)

to go crash / smash — грохнуть, треснуть

Clatter, clatter, went the horses’ hoofs. — Цок, цок, цокали лошадиные копыта.

Something seemed to go snap within me. — Что-то внутри меня щёлкнуло.

Crack went the mast. — Раздался треск мачты.

Patter, patter, goes the rain. — Кап, кап, стучит дождь.

The clock on the mantelpiece went eight. — Часы на камине пробили восемь.

15)

а) иметь хождение, быть в обращении

б) циркулировать, передаваться, переходить из уст в уста

Now the story goes that the young Smith is in London. — Говорят, что юный Смит сейчас в Лондоне.

16)

My only order was, «Clear the road — and be damn quick about it.» What I said went. — Я отдал приказ: «Очистить дорогу — и, чёрт возьми, немедленно!» Это тут же было выполнено.

He makes so much money that whatever he says, goes. — У него столько денег, что всё, что он ни скажет, тут же выполняется.

— from the word Go

anything goes, everything goes разг. — всё дозволено, всё сойдёт

Around here, anything goes. — Здесь всё разрешено.

Anything goes if it’s done by someone you’re fond of. — Всё сойдёт, если это всё сделано тем, кого ты любишь.

в) начинать , приступать к

She went about her work in a cold, impassive way. — Холодно, бесстрастно она приступила к своей работе.

The church clock has not gone for twenty years. — Часы на церкви не ходили двадцать лет.

All systems go. — Всё работает нормально.

She felt her heart go in a most unusual manner. — Она почувствовала, что сердце у неё очень странно бьётся.

Syn:

18) продаваться, расходиться

There were perfectly good coats going at $23! —Там продавали вполне приличные куртки всего за 23 доллара.

Going at four pounds fifteen, if there is no advance. — Если больше нет предложений, то продаётся за четыре фунта пятнадцать шиллингов.

This goes for 1 shilling. — Это стоит 1 шиллинг.

The house went for very little. — Дом был продан за бесценок.

19) позволить себе, согласиться

Lewis consented to go as high as twenty-five thousand crowns. — Льюис согласился на такую большую сумму как двадцать пять тысяч крон.

I’ll go fifty dollars for a ticket. — Я позволю себе купить билет за пятьдесят долларов.

He’s in the men’s room. He’s been wanting to go all evening, but as long as you were playing he didn’t want to miss a note. (J. Wain) — Он в туалете. Ему туда нужно было весь вечер, но пока вы играли, он не хотел пропустить ни одной нотки.

Half the guards went after the escaped prisoners, but they got away free. — На поиски беглецов отправилась половина гарнизона, но они всё равно сумели скрыться.

б) преследовать цель; стремиться, стараться

Jim intends to go after the big prize. — Джим намерен выиграть большой приз.

I think we should go after increased production this year. — Думаю, в этом году нам надо стремиться увеличить производство.

в) посещать в качестве поклонника, ученика или последователя

а) противоречить, быть против ; идти вразрез с

to go against the grain, go against the hair — вызывать внутренний протест, быть не по нутру

I wouldn’t advise you to go against the director. — Не советую тебе перечить директору.

It goes against my nature to get up early in the morning. — Рано вставать по утрам противно моей натуре.

The run of luck went against Mr. Nickleby. (Ch. Dickens) — Удача отвернулась от мистера Никльби.

Syn:

б) быть не в пользу , закончиться неблагоприятно для

One of his many law-suits seemed likely to go against him. — Он, судя по всему, проигрывал один из своих многочисленных судебных процессов.

If the election goes against the government, who will lead the country? — Если на выборах проголосуют против правительства, кто же возглавит страну?

Our dog went at the postman again this morning. — Наша собака опять сегодня набросилась на почтальона.

Selina went at her again for further information. — Селина снова набросилась на неё, требуя дополнительной информации.

The students are really going at their studies now that the examinations are near. — Экзамены близко, так что студенты в самом деле взялись за учёбу.

When you go before the judge, you must speak the exact truth. — Когда ты выступаешь в суде, ты должен говорить чистую правду.

Your suggestion goes before the board of directors next week. — Совет директоров рассмотрит ваше предложение на следующей неделе.

Syn:

26) не ограничиваться

27) быть посредником между

The little girl was given a bar of chocolate as her payment for going between her sister and her sister’s boyfriend. — Младшая сестра получила шоколадку за то, что была посыльной между своей старшей сестрой и её парнем.

а) превышать, превосходить

The money that I won went beyond my fondest hopes. — Сумма, которую я выиграл, превосходила все мои ожидания.

Be careful not to go beyond your rights. — Будь осторожен, не превышай своих прав.

б) оказаться трудным, непостижимым

I was interested to hear the speaker, but his speech went beyond me. — Мне было интересно послушать докладчика, но его речь была выше моего понимания.

I don’t think this class will be able to go beyond lesson six. — Не думаю, что этот класс сможет продвинуться дальше шестого урока.

•

— go beyond caring

— go beyond endurance
— go beyond a joke

29) называться

to go by / under the name of — быть известным под именем

Our friend William often goes by Billy. — Нашего друга Вильяма часто называют Билли.

He went under the name of Baker, to avoid discovery by the police. — Скрываясь от полиции, он жил под именем Бейкера.

30) судить по ; руководствоваться , действовать в соответствии с

to go by the book разг. — действовать в соответствии с правилами, педантично выполнять правила

You can’t go by what he says, he’s very untrustworthy. — Не стоит судить о ситуации по его словам, ему нельзя верить.

You make a mistake if you go by appearances. — Ты ошибаешься, если судишь о людях по внешнему виду.

I go by the barometer. — Я пользуюсь барометром.

Our chairman always goes by the rules. — Наш председатель всегда действует по правилам.

I think we should go for increased production this year. — Думаю, в этом году нам надо стремиться увеличить производительность.

б) выбирать; любить, нравиться

The people will never go for that guff. — Людям не понравится эта пустая болтовня.

She doesn’t go for whiskers. — Ей не нравятся бакенбарды.

The black cow immediately went for him. — Чёрная корова немедленно кинулась на него.

The speaker went for the profiteers. — Оратор обрушился на спекулянтов.

г) становиться , действовать в качестве

I’m well made all right. I could go for a model if I wanted. — У меня отличная фигура. Я могла бы стать манекенщицей, если бы захотела.

д) быть принятым за , считаться , сходить за

He goes for a lawyer, but I don’t think he ever studied or practised law. — Говорят, он адвокат, но мне кажется, что он никогда не изучал юриспруденцию и не работал в этой области.

I don’t care if Pittsburgh chokes. And that goes for Cincinnati, too. (P. G. Wodehouse) — Мне всё равно, если Питсбург задохнётся. То же самое касается Цинциннати.

•

— go for broke

— go for a burton

а) входить, вступать; принимать участие

He wanted to go into Parliament. — Он хотел стать членом парламента.

He went eagerly into the compact. — Он охотно принял участие в сделке.

The Times has gone into open opposition to the Government on all points except foreign policy. — “Таймс” встал в открытую оппозицию к правительству по всем вопросам, кроме внешней политики.

Syn:

the man who went into ecstasies at discovering that Cape Breton was an island — человек, который впал в экстаз, обнаружив, что мыс Бретон является островом

I nearly went into hysterics. — Я был на грани истерики.

He went keenly into dairying. — Он активно занялся производством молочных продуктов.

He went into practice for himself. — Он самостоятельно занялся практикой.

Hicks naturally went into law. — Хикс, естественно, занялся правом.

г) носить

to go into long dresses, trousers, etc. — носить длинные платья, брюки

She shocked Mrs. Spark by refusing to go into full mourning. — Она шокировала миссис Спарк, отказываясь носить полный траур.

д) расследовать, тщательно рассматривать, изучать

We cannot of course go into the history of these wars. — Естественно, мы не можем во всех подробностях рассмотреть историю этих войн.

•

— go into details

— go into detail
— go into abeyance
— go into action

33) разлюбить , потерять интерес к

I simply don’t feel anything for him any more. In fact, I’ve gone off him. — Я просто не испытываю больше к нему никаких чувств. По существу, я его разлюбила.

а) перечитывать; повторять

The schoolboy goes over his lesson, before going up before the master. — Ученик повторяет свой урок, прежде чем отвечать учителю.

He went over the explanation two or three times. — Он повторил объяснение два или три раза.

Syn:

б) внимательно изучать, тщательно рассматривать; проводить осмотр

We went over the house thoroughly before buying it. — Мы тщательно осмотрели дом, прежде чем купить его.

I’ve asked the garage people to go over my car thoroughly. — Я попросил людей в сервисе тщательно осмотреть машину.

Harry and I have been going over old letters. — Гарри и я просматривали старые письма.

We must go over the account books together. — Нам надо вместе проглядеть бухгалтерские книги.

It would take far too long to go through all the propositions. — Изучение всех предложений займёт слишком много времени.

б) пережить, перенести

All that men go through may be absolutely the best for them. — Все испытания, которым подвергается человек, могут оказаться для него благом.

Syn:

The disease went through the whole city. — Болезнь распространилась по всему городу.

д) осматривать, обыскивать

The girls were «going through» a drunken sailor. — Девицы обшаривали пьяного моряка.

ж) поглощать, расходовать

She need not go to others for her bons mots. — Ей нет нужды искать у других остроумные словечки.

б) переходить к в собственность, доставаться

The house went to the elder son. — Дом достался старшему сыну.

The money I had saved went to the doctors. — Деньги, которые я скопил, пошли на докторов.

The dukedom went to his brother. — Титул герцога перешёл к его брату.

And the Oscar goes to… — Итак, «Оскар» достаётся…

These are the bones which go to form the head and trunk. — Это кости, которые формируют череп и скелет.

Whole gardens of roses go to one drop of the attar. — Для того, чтобы получить одну каплю розового масла, нужны целые сады роз.

This only goes to prove the point. — Это только доказывает утверждение.

г) составлять, равняться

Sixteen ounces go to the pound. — Шестнадцать унций составляют один фунт.

How many go to a crew with you, captain? — Из скольких человек состоит ваша команда, капитан?

Don’t go to any trouble. — Не беспокойтесь.

Few publishers go to the trouble of giving the number of copies for an edition. — Немногие издатели берут на себя труд указать количество экземпляров издания.

The tenant went to very needless expense. — Арендатор пошёл на абсолютно ненужные расходы.

37) относиться

This word goes under G. — Это слово помещено под G.

My sympathies went strongly with the lady. — Все мои симпатии были полностью на стороне леди.

б) сопутствовать , идти, происходить вместе с

Criminality habitually went with dirtiness. — Преступность и грязь обычно шли бок о бок.

Syn:

в) понимать, следить с пониманием за

The Court declared the deed a nullity on the ground that the mind of the mortgagee did not go with the deed she signed. — Суд признал документ недействительным на том основании, что кредитор по закладной не понимала содержания документа, который она подписала.

The «young ladies» he had «gone with» and «had feelin’s about» were now staid matrons. — «Молодые леди», с которыми он «дружил» и к которым он «питал чувства», стали солидными матронами.

You see, this gave me something to go upon. — Видишь ли, это дало мне хоть что-то, с чего я могу начать.

б) брать в свои руки; брать на себя ответственность

I cannot bear to see things botched or gone upon with ignorance. — Я не могу видеть, как берутся за дела либо халтурно, либо ничего в них не понимая.

40)

He went dead about three months ago. — Он умер около трех месяцев назад.

She went pale. — Она побледнела.

He went bankrupt. — Он обанкротился.

Syn:

б) продолжать действие, продолжать пребывать в состоянии

We both love going barefoot on the beach. — Мы оба любим ходить босиком по пляжу.

Most of their work seems to have gone unnoticed. — Кажется, большая часть их работы осталась незамеченной.

The powers could not allow such an act of terrorism to go unpunished. — Власти не могут допустить, чтобы террористический акт прошёл безнаказанно.

It seems as if it were going to rain. — Такое впечатление, что сейчас пойдёт дождь.

Lambs are to be sold to those who are going to keep them. — Ягнята должны быть проданы тем, кто собирается их выращивать.

42) разг. пойти и сделать что-л.

The fool has gone and got married. — Этот дурак взял и женился.

He might go and hang himself for all they cared. — Он может повеситься, им на это абсолютно наплевать.

Oh, go and pick up pizza, for heaven’s sake! — Ради бога, пойди купи, наконец, пиццу.

•

— go across
— go ahead
— go along
— go away
— go back
— go before
— go by
— go down
— go forth
— go forward

— go together

••

to go short — испытывать недостаток в чём-л.; находиться в стеснённых обстоятельствах

to go the way of nature / all the earth / all flesh / all living — скончаться, разделить участь всех смертных

Go to Jericho / Bath / Hong Kong / Putney / Halifax! — Иди к чёрту! Убирайся!

— go far

— go bush
— go ape
— go amiss
— go dry
— go astray
— go on instruments
— go a long way

— go postal

— Go to!
— Go to it!
— let it go at that
— go like blazes
— go with the tide
— go with the times
— go along with you!
— go easy
— go up King Street
— go figure
— go it
— go the extra mile
— go to the wall
2.

;

разг.

1) движение, хождение, ходьба; уст. походка

He has been on the go since morning. — Он с утра на ногах.

2)

а) ретивость, горячность ; напористость, энергичность; бодрость, живость; рвение

The job requires a man with a lot of go. — Для этой работы требуется очень энергичный человек.

Physically, he is a wonderful man — very wiry, and full of energy and go. — Физически он превосходен — крепкий, полный энергии и напористости.

Syn:

б) энергичная деятельность; тяжелая, требующая напряжения работа

Believe me, it’s all go with these tycoons, mate. — Поверь мне, приятель, это все деятельность этих заправил.

queer go, rum go — странное дело, странный поворот событий

4)

Let me have a go at fixing it. — Дай я попробую починить это.

— have a go

Syn:

б) соревнование, борьба; состязание на приз

Cost me five dollars the other day to see the tamest kind of a go. There wasn’t a knockdown in ten rounds. — На днях я потратил пять долларов, чтобы увидеть самое мирное состязание. За десять раундов не было ни одного нокдауна.

5)

а)

«The score!» he burst out. «Three goes o’ rum!» (R. L. Stevenson, Treasure Island) — А деньги? — крикнул он. — За три кружки!

а) успех, успешное дело

б) соглашение, сделка

••

all the go, quite the go — последний крик моды

first go — первым делом, сразу же

II [gɔ]

;

япон.

го

A byte is 8 bits, a word is 16 bits, and a double word is 32 bits.

Memory is divided into bytes, so words and double words must be split
across multiple bytes. Therefore, there are two ways to store words and
double words: Least significant byte first (Little Endian) or most significant
byte first (Big Endian). Cubloc stores its data in Little Endian.

In the memory map to the right,
1234H is stored in memory
address 0 and 12345678H is
stored in memory address 5. Note
how 34H (the least significant byte
of 1234H is stored first in memory
address 0, and 78H, the least
significant byte of 12345678H is
stored first in memory address 5.

The Registers C, T, D are in word units. To store double words data, 2
words are required, therefore 2 registers are required. Below is an example
of storing a double word, 12345678H. D1 gets 1234H and D0 gets 5678H.

Go CUBLOC Ladder Logic home

1. 05-19-2009

   
   

   #1

   

   
   Registered User
   

   ---

   Storing Words in a Variable?
   

   How can I store an actual word with a variable? My ideal would be as thus:

   Code:

   int main ()
   
   {
   //introduce variable
   whatvariable a;
   
   //make user input a word
   printf("Enter a word here:");
   
   //store the word as a var
   scanf("%d", &whatvariable);
   
   //Print what user input
   printf("Your word was %dn", a");
   
   //return that ........
   return 0;
   
   
   }

   Sorry if this c code is horrible, I just started learning today

   ---

2. 05-19-2009

   
   

   #2

   

   
   Kernel hacker
   

   ---

   So, in C, a word is a string (at least if by word we mean «hello», «world», «big», «small», «tea-cosy» and such things).

   C represents strings as an array of characters, where the end is marked with a zero (the value zero, not the digit ‘0’).

   To read/write a string with scanf/printf, you use %s.

   —
   Mats

   Compilers can produce warnings — make the compiler programmers happy: Use them!
   Please don’t PM me for help — and no, I don’t do help over instant messengers.

   ---

3. 05-19-2009

   
   

   #3

   

   
   spurious conceit
   

   

   ---

   Hopefully you have some stuff to read on this, here’s an example:

   Code:

   char myexample[16]="hello world";

   Notice that myexample is 16 elements/bytes/characters long. It could be as short as 12 here, 11 for «hello world» and 1 for the ‘/0’ zero byte (null terminator) mentioned by matsp.

   ---

4. 05-20-2009

   
   

   #4

   

   
   C++まいる！Cをこわせ！
   

   ---

   Correction: », not ‘/0’.
   Different things in C.

   Originally Posted by Adak
   

   io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.

   Originally Posted by Salem
   

   You mean it’s included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much.

   Outside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.

   ---

In a way, building up a strong vocabulary depends on your capability of memorizing new words. The more effectively you can memorize a word, the longer you can remember the word, and your vocabulary will become essentially rich.

But, how long does it take to memorize a word? Memorizing a new word depends on a few factors. However, it takes about 50 seconds to effectively memorize a new word if you follow a few simple tricks. 

Also, you should try spaced repetition system (SRS) for a better result. It’s a memorization method that suggests you go through a study material giving periodic intervals. The retention percentage reaches up to 80% after six intervals.  

At the same time, it’s also true that not everyone has the same cognitive efficiency. So, the actual time to memorize a word will vary from person to person. Still, you can say that 1 minute is sufficient enough!

Our brain functions are complicated, and the processes are very intricate. Even the best neuroscientists struggle to understand the behavior of our brains fully. So, you should go through the whole article to understand the topic at hand in detail.

Why Do We Forget Anything?

First, let me answer a simple question — what does “memorizing” mean?

The process of memorizing comprises of two things –

• Acquiring information
• Recalling that piece of information at will

That’s it!

Our brains hold on to every piece of information that we encounter in our lives. But, at the same time, we forget a great amount of information too.

So, why does that happen?

Neurobiologist Dr. Corette Wierenga from Universiteit Utrecht has shared some interesting information regarding the matter.

Whenever we acquire new information, we store it in our neuron cells. The more relevant or important our brain feel that piece of information is, the more synopsis connection that segment of the neuron cells have.

When we want to recollect a piece of memory, we need to trigger the neuron cells that store that piece of information.

However, if that segment of brain cells doesn’t have enough synopsis connections, we can’t trigger it.

Thus, we forget something.

Types of Memories: How to Memorize Anything Effectively?

As we are on the topic, we should know that not all memories hold the same amount of importance to us. We consider some memories to be more important and some memories to be irrelevant.

Obviously, the memories our brain sees as irrelevant goes to «I forgot that» section!

So, let’s take a look at the types of memories –

• Immediate Memory
• Working Memory
• Permanent or Long-Term Memory

Immediate Memory

The immediate memories are extremely short-term memories. Typically, these memories last for only about a millisecond.

When we constantly look through our eyes, we are creating uncountable numbers of immediate memories. Our brains mostly label these immediate memories as “irrelevant” or “unimportant.”

Being unimportant, we don’t actively store them in our brains.

For example, when we commute through a train, we see thousands of things on the train. We skip storing most of these things in our brains. These skipped memories are the immediate memories.

In a word, they are the forgettable memories.  

Some neurologists also call the immediate memories as sensory memories. They are called sensory memories as these memories are formed based on our fives sensory abilities.

So, according to that point of view, you can divide them into three categories — 

• Iconic memory – Connected to visual senses
• Echoic memory – Connected to auditory senses
• Haptic memory — Connected to auditory senses

Working Memory

These are the type of memories that we store in our brains only to serve some specific purpose.

Once that specific purpose is fulfilled, we term them as «irrelevant.»

For example, imagine that you are reading a novel, and you stopped reading it to have some snacks. Then, you look at the page number so that you can resume reading again after having the snacks.

The page number then becomes a working memory.

You will probably remember it until you start reading the novel again. After serving the specific purpose of resuming reading the book, you will also forget the page number.

Anything that we remember for more than 0.5 seconds to an hour goes to our working memory section.

Sometimes, experts call the working memories – short-term memories.

When we learn a new word from any language, the piece of information is first stored as a short-term memory.

Our goal will be to convert this memory from short-term to long-term.

Permanent or Long-term Memory

As the name suggests, our brains store these memories for a long, long time. We can effectively remember and recall these memories from one hour to complete life-time.

You remembering your full name is an example of a long-term memory.

The more neuron connections our brains attach to a piece of long-term memory, the better we can remember them.

The process of memorizing is strongly connected to this topic.

The typical act of memorizing is mainly, giving your brain more exposure to a piece of information.

For example, if you see an uncommon word like “agelast” for the first time in your life, you can easily forget it. So, how to remember the word or how to remember the spelling of the word? If the word gets more exposure, you will more likely to remember it easily.

The key to remembering anything for a long time is – more exposure.

The Forgetting Curve: The Science Behind Forgetting Anything

Have you ever noticed that you tend to forget things after a certain if you don’t study them? There is a hypothesis that tries to explain the phenomenon.

It’s the famous hypothesis by Hermann Ebbinghaus published in 1885 as Über das Gedächtnis that translates into English as Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology.

Ebbinghaus tried to memorize nonsense syllables (similar to newly learned words). Then, he plotted the result on a retention percentage vs. elapsed time graph.

Thus, he gave birth to the famous forgetting curve.

Ebbinghaus also formed a formula that justifies the forgetting curve. It’s like this –

Here,

b is the percentage of information successfully retained

t is elapsed time since memorization (in minutes)

Here is an illustration —

As you can see, you will fully remember anything while you memorize it. However, your brains will slowly start to forget it. And finally, after 31 days, you will only remember 21% of the material that you have studies. 

You might think that this equation and hypothesis might seem a far-fetched as it was published back in 1885. 

The thing is a group of scientists tried to replicate the forgetting curve using the newer data and approaches. Their results were surprisingly close to the original research done by Ebbinghaus!

Ebbinghaus hypothesized that many factors play influential roles in the rate and speed of forgetting anything –

• Difficulty of the study material
• The meaningfulness of the material to an individual
• Psychological condition of the individual (stress or sleep)

Also, he suggested the two methods that would help someone to remember study material for a long time –

• The Use of superior memory representation technique (mnemonic)
• Spaced repetition

If you are looking for how to memorize words fast, Spaced repetition is the best option that you are going to have! It means to go through the study material after a while.

Here is an illustration that signifies the success of spaced repetition method –

As you can see, your retention rate gets a spike every time you have reviewed an already learned topic. With the power of spaced repetition, you can store anything in your memory for a long time. This is how to improve memory!

More Exposure = Quicker Memorization

The key to effectively memorize a word is greatly connected to word exposure. It means the more you will encounter a word, the more chance of retention that word will have.

For example, let’s consider the word “agelast” again.

Agelast refers to a person who never laughs or barely laughs. Certainly, it’s an uncommon word. If you see this word for the first time in your life, you can easily forget it soon.

However, if you encounter this word over and over again, something strange will begin to happen!

Your brain will slowly convert this short-term memory into a long-term memory.

Linguistic experts suggest that if you encounter a word 12-times through a year, your brain will store the piece of information as a long-term memory.

Susanne Rott from the University of Illinois, Chicago, published a paper on this topic. According to her study, six exposure over a period of four weeks significantly increases the word retention rate.

There is still no definite number of exposure frequency that works for all. However, there is no doubt that a higher count of exposure ensures better word retention. So, how to memorize words quickly? Give frequent and regular exposure of the word to your brain. 

5 Factors that Affect the Memorizing Process

Now that you are clear about the types of memory and how you can successfully memorize a word (more exposure), you need to know about all the factors that affect the memorizing process.

The Degree of Attention

No matter what, you will never have constant attention towards studies. Sometimes your heart would want to play some video games; sometimes, you would want to see your favorite anime series, and so on.

Your brain will grasp onto any piece of information only when you are actively paying attention. The more attention you pay, the quicker you can memorize a word.

So, we can simply form an equation – the degree of attention is negatively proportional to the time needed to memorize a word!

At the same time, your wakefulness, concentration, and mindfulness also play a crucial role in a similar way.

The Degree of Motivation

Have you ever noticed that you can memorize or study better only a few days before you have a big exam?

Why?

Your brain tells you that you need to do better in that exam, and there is no other option. Some feel afraid of the failure (not exactly getting an F), some feel the drive to have a good result in the exam.

This strange desperation or urge boosts your brain to memorize study materials quicker.   

However, when it comes to memorizing new words and building up a strong vocabulary, your motivation shouldn’t only be having a good score in the exam. You need to retain the words in your brain for a long time.

You need to store them as “long-term” memory, not “working memory!”

So, try to aim for excellence and motive your brain to see the bigger picture. It will help you attain better and long-lasting results. 

Your Mental State

Mindfulness is essential!

Clearer mind helps you to grasp more knowledge. At the same time, you need to feel the urge to memorize a word from the core of your heart.

If you truly want to memorize a word from the core of your heart while considering no other secondary reason, it will beget better results.

On the other hand, if you are feeling down or sad or feel forced to memorize a word, you will need way more time than you should need.

Here’s a tip!

Try growing a habit of memorizing ten new words in the early morning, when your cognitive functions are flowing with positive mental energy.

External Environment

The location and external environment of your study place can influence your cognitive efficiency.

For example, if you are trying to memorize new words while commuting through the subway in a jam-packed train car, you will most like see a below-average result.

Now, if you do the same thing in the early morning in a calm and blissful park, you will a completely different result.

Right?

External environmental factors like the location, lighting, noise, and smell stimulate our brains in a different way. We will feel more conscious about them rather than focusing on memorizing the words.

So, choose your study location wisely.

Make yourself comfortable but not too comfortable (you will end up having a nap instead!).

Breathing!

Yes, you have read it right! Your breathing practices affect your memorizing capabilities too.

A 2016 study found out that having dynamic rhythmic nasal breathing helps our brains to work more efficiently. Also, we can memorize things better if we can breathe properly.

Scientists label this breathing behavior as olfactory breathing. Another 2018 study discusses that olfactory breathing stimulates the prefrontal cortex to take part in the memorizing functions.

So, you should practice having a steady and rhythmic nasal breathing while studying new words, and you will have better results. 

Partaking in the meditational activities will also come in handy!

How to Memorize a Word Effectively? 7 Essential Tips 

The first step towards is building a vocabulary base. And believe me, this is the hardest step of all.

Even learning all the grammatical rules of a language will seem like a piece of cake after you have a strong vocabulary base.

Things are even tougher for kids. If you are a native English speaker, then thigs could be a little easy for you. But still, you will struggle to boost your vocabulary to 25,000 words quota.

Why am I focusing on the number 25,000?

It’s simple!

It’s the average word collection that a native English language speaker has.

Here’s the thing, even though all the five factors of memorizing anything (mentioned in the previous section) are in your favor, you will still struggle to memorize new words.

Because memorizing new words is a daunting challenge.

Still, you could try following these steps. They will help you increase your word retention capability. Also, they are the answer to your question — how to memorize words fast!

Word Mapping

Word mapping is a simple and effective visual tool that you can use to develop your vocabulary.

A typical web has the main word in the center and a couple of branches connected to it. 

For example, consider the word “weather.”

Weather can be –

• Cold
• Hot
• Windy
• Rainy

Now, put the word weather in the center of the web and connect the four other words (cold, hot, windy, and rainy) connected to the weather with lined branches.

That was the first stage!

Now, begin the second stage.

This time, you will add up more branches with the previous branched word. The stage-two branches will be the synonyms of stage-one branches (cold, hot, etc.)

For example, you can define cold weather as – freezing, frigid, snowy, and nippy. So, these four words form the second stage of the web.

Similarly, you will add words to – hot, rainy, and windy branches too.

Are you still feeling confused?

Here, take a look at this completed example –

You can create different other forms of word maps –

Model-2 – A map consisting of parts of speech, synonyms, antonyms, example in a sentence, etc.

Model-3 – A map consisting of your personal definition, dictionary definition, association, word clue, and picture.

And so on …

Go on, make your own word maps that suit your needs and situations.

The only limit is your imagination and creativity.

The Context Library

The best way to remember a new word is by giving it a context.

For example, what does the word “set” mean?

• Put something to any specified place?
• Being in a fixed position?
• Representation of a situation of a film or a play?

The right answer would be all of them! The definition of the word changes with the changing cases.

In fact, there are 464 different definitions of the word “set” 464 in the Oxford English Dictionary!

So, how can you know which definition of the word is active in a sentence?

This is where context comes to play!

Context refers to the other words that surround a specific word in a sentence. Even the whole paragraph can help you figure out the proper definition of a word.

For example, consider the following sentences –

Tom set the table for lunch.

Mark set the chair by the couch.

In the first sentence, set is referring to arranging the food and other tools to have a meal. But in the second sentence, set is referring to placing an object to any specific place.

You will have to use the context to help you memorize a word.

From now on, while making a list of words to memorize, don’t just write the word. Add the definitions along with contexts in a sentence. If you find a different meaning of an already known word, add the new meaning with a context in your list.

This is how you can create a Context Library.

Listen and Read at the Same Time

When we think of memorizing new words, we typically consider only reading the words.

However, our brains gather and retain information better if we can collaborate more than one skill to perform a cognitive task.

In this case, combining reading with listening extensively increases the knowledge retention rate.

So, what does that mean?

Well, in simpler words, try to listen to the words while reading. By doing so, your brain will find the proper pronunciation of words and spelling at the same time. In short, your brain will retain the words better.

You can use simple tools like Google Translate here too.  

Also, you can also depend on the tools of SpellQuiz. SpellQuiz uses a dual skill approach (listening and typing) to enhance spelling skills. You will learn how to memorize words quickly and how to remember sight words better.

There are some other fun activities that can come in handy in this case.

For example, if you are watching a movie or a TV series, turn on the subtitles. You will listen to the words and read the words all at the same time.

You can also read the podcast transcripts while listening to them.  

There are many ways to incorporate listening and reading together to enhance vocabulary skills.

Learning Associated Words Together

Scattered approaches will always give you a poor result when it comes to memorizing anything. It’s even truer when it comes to memorizing new words.

However, tables turn completely if you pack all the connected words together and memorize them in a batch.

Our brains use the connection between the contexts of the words and try to establish some kind of link between them.

For example, try to find ten to twelve words related to geography from the dictionary. Like this –

1. Channel
2. Peninsula
3. Valley
4. Mountain
5. Hill
6. Plain
7. Plateau
8. Butte
9. Canyon
10. Glacier
11. Fjord
12. Cliff

Now, put these words on a page of your notebook and try to memorize them together. You will see that memorizing these words will become extremely easy.

Studying Compound Words

A huge portion of the English language is made up of compound words. Compound words are words that are comprised of two or more individual words.

For example, “spaceship” is a compound word made up of “space” and “ship.» Similarly, newspaper, doorbell, friendship are some other examples of compound words.

If you see long words, try to break them into smaller parts. You will notice that most of the long words are, in fact, compound words. Breaking these words in smaller chunks will help you memorize them.

Don’t Use the Rote Memorization but Dynamic Memorization

When you study for a tough test for your final exams, how do you study?

Repeat reading the same study materials over and over again until you memorize every word, full-stop, and comma of the text?

Probably!

This is an old memorization technique commonly known as the rote memorization.

The problem with this technique is that it a very time-consuming procedure, and you will probably forget what you have memorized after a few months.

Rather, you should aim for a different approach known as a dynamic approach. In this method, you don’t rely on only one form of memorization technique but multiple different ones.    

For example, if you have used the reading the words method in the first revision stage, you will use listening to the audio recording in the second revision. After that, you will write the words that you have learned during the third revision stage.

In short, you will use a different method in every revision stage.

Your brain will absorb the knowledge much better in this way.

Take Notes, It Helps

Whenever you are memorizing new words, have a notebook by your side. No matter which memorizing method you are using, using the notebook will help you memorize the content better.

In this way, even if you have forgotten what you have read, your brain might trigger by remembering what you have written in your notebook.

Your notebook will act as a supporting memorizing tool.

You can also use the notebook to plan out your strategies, or you could just note down a new-found word.

There is no hard and fast rule for using your notebook efficiently. Use your own methods to take down the notes.

But you need to take down notes – it will help, trust me!

Final Thoughts

Memorizing new words will definitely help you build up a strong vocabulary. So, the key takeaway of this article is that you will need about 30 to 50 seconds to memorize a word. But you need to give the words about 6 to 12 exposures over a period of time to covert the knowledge in your long-term memories.

Finally, you can adopt many different strategies to efficiently memorize a word.

Be relentless and creative; you will definitely attain success.

Hey you, there is a piece of great news, now you can participate in the Spelling Bee Online game. In this game, you will compete against players coming from all over the world in real-time. Participating in the SBO game will help you memorize a word in a fun way!