Is shopping a compound word

Oxford should explain things better, but then again, dictionaries don’t do grammar.

Apparently, Oxford calls shopping a «noun» when the word functions as complement of an infinitive: go shopping. Hmmm; ok. Others call go shopping a «serial verb,» where the meanings of the two verbs («go,» «shopping») complement each other and act as a single verb phrase: go shopping, go eat supper, come eat your dinner. The single verb phrase can be reinforced with «and:» go and buy shoes, take and shake the bag. In any event, terminology is fluid.

It makes more sense to call «shopping» a noun when the word appears with typical noun modifiers, as Oxford shows in the examples:

When shall I do the shopping? (article + shopping)
We do our shopping on Saturday (determiner + shopping)

And in

a shopping basket
a shopping trolley

the non-finite -ing verb «shopping» and the noun «trolley» form a compound noun.

1. shop assistant — someone whose job is selling things in a shop — продавец в магазине — тот, чья работа продавать вещи в магазине
2. shopping trolley — a metal structure on wheels that is used for carrying things in shops — тележка для покупок — металлическая конструкция на колесах, которая используется для перевозки вещей в магазинах
3. chain store — one of a group of similar shops owned by the same company – сетевой магазин – один из группы подобных магазинов, принадлежащих одной и той же компании
4. cash register — a machine that is used in shops for keeping money in — кассовый аппарат — машина, которая используется в магазинах для хранения денег
5. shopping centre/mall — a place where a lot of shops have been built close together — торговый центр — место, где множество магазинов были построены близко друг к другу
6. changing rooms — a room in a shop where you can try clothes – примерочная — комната в магазине, где вы можете примерить одежду
7. department store — a large shop divided into several different parts, each of which sells different things — универмаг — большой магазин, разделенный на несколько разных частей, каждый из которых продает разные вещи
8. cash dispenser — a machine, usually outside a bank, that you can get money from — банкомат — машина, обычно вне банка, в которой вы можете получить деньги

NB!
If
a word ends with [t∫]
or [dʒ],
and the next word begins with the same sound, you say the sound
twice. If you say Dutch
cheese
with only one [t∫],
it sounds like Dutch
ease.

Ex.6
The speaker made such a mistake in these sentences, write what
they meant to say. Listen to the correct and incorrect pairs of
sentences. Repeat, making the difference clear. (A56)

EXAMPLE
Does she tea
Chinese
in the school? ____teach
Chinese_______

1. I
   don’t know which
   air
   to sit on. __________________

2. Everyone
   at the match
   ears
   when the team scores. ____________

3. I
   never what
   chat
   shows on the TV. _______________

4. The
   actor on stay
   joked
   with the audience. ______________

5. Foxes
   sometimes come to the farm and cat
   chickens. ____________

6. Do
   you want to chain
   jackets
   before we go out? ________________

Vowels:
[U
–
U:]

To
make the sound [U]:
Round your lips a little and put them forward. The back of your
tongue goes up together with your lower jaw. It is a short sound.

To
make the sound [U:]:
Round the lips a little more. Make it a long sound this time.

Ex
7.
Listen and repeat the words paying special attention to sounds
[U
–
U:]

look
– Luke

pull
– pool

full
– fool

foot
– boot

Ex.8
Practise saying the tongue twisters.

• Soon
  the cool moon will shine on the gloomy pool.

• Ruth
  can’t say boo to a goose.

• Mind
  where you put your foot.

• Where
  can I look for a book?

Ex.9
Complete these sentences with words from the box. The vowel
sound is given. Listen, check and repeat (A88).

brother
wood moon juice won month June would

full
boot
Cup put
son good

EXAMPLE

Two
things you can __put__[U]
on a foot are a shoe and a __boot__[U:].

1. The
   _______[Λ] after _______[U:]
   is July.

2. My
   mother’s other _________[Λ] is my __________[Λ].

3. Brazil
   _________[Λ] the World _________[Λ] in 2002.

4. Fruit
   ________[U:]
   is _________[U]
   for you.

5. There
   is a __________[U]
   _________[U:]
   once a month.

6. You
   pronounce __________[U]
   exactly the same as _________[U].

Ex.10
Circle the word with the different vowel sound.

EXAMPLE
foot look blood push

1. soon
   book boot room

2. rude
   luck run but

3. shoes
   does true blue

4. pull
   full put rule

5. group
   could would should

6. done
   move love son

7. south
   young couple won

NB!
Many
words which have [j] before [U:]
in British English don’t in American English. Compare:
news
[njU:z]
– news
[nU:z],
tune
[tjU:n]
— tune
[tU:n].

Ex.11
Practise this dialogue. Pay special attention to sounds [U
–
U:].

Miss Luke: Good
afternoon, girls.

Girls: Good
afternoon, Miss Luke.

Miss
Luke: This afternoon we are going to learn how to cook soup.

Open your books at
unit twenty-two.

Prue: Excuse me, Miss Luke.

Miss Luke: Yes, Prue?

Prue: There’s some chewing gum on
your shoe.

Miss Luke: Who threw the chewing gum
on the floor? Was it you, Prue?

Prue: No, Miss Luke. It was June.

Miss Luke: Who?

Prue: June Cook.

June: It wasn’t
me, stupid. It was Sue.

Sue: It was you!

June: It wasn’t me, you, stupid
fool.

My mouth’s full of chewing
gum. Look, Miss Luke!

Sue: Stop pulling my hair, June. It
was you.

June: YOU!

Sue: YOU!

Miss Luke: Excuse me, you are being
very rude.

You two nuisances
can stay in school this afternoon

instead
of going to the swimming pool.

Stress
in Compound Words

Compound
words are made from two small words put together, for example
book+shop=bookshop.
(They are not always written as one word, for example, shoe
shop).
In most compound words, the stress is on the first part. Look at
these examples:

Oo
bookshop
bus stop

Ooo
traffic
light bus station

Oooo
travel
agent art gallery

There
is a good shopping
centre.
You can find almost anything
there. There are bookshops,
shoe
shops,
a travel
agent’s,
a post
office,
a hairdresser’s,
a supermarket,
everything…
And there are a few snack
bars
if you want a hamburger
or something.
Oh, and there is a sports
centre
too, with a swimming
pool
and a playground
for the kids. But be careful with your handbag;
I had my credit
card
stolen there once!

Ex.12
Listen. Write the words in
bold
in the correct columns. (B44)

Oo	Ooo	Oooo
bookshops	anything	shopping centre

If
the compound word is not a noun, we often put stress on the second
part as well.

OO
first
class half price hand made

OOo
bad-tempered
old-fashioned short-sighted

OoO
overnight
second hand

Ex.13
Listen to the sentences. In each of them one of the compound
words in bold
has stress on the first part (Oo) and the other has stress on the
second part as well (OO). Circle the word which has two stresses.
(B45)

EXAMPLE
They did thephotocopies
overnight.

1. I
   got this motorbike
   second hand.

2. Using
   a typewriter
   is so old-fashioned.

3. These
   earrings
   were hand
   made.

4. I’m
   short-sighted,
   like my grandmother.

5. All
   the sunglasses
   are half
   price.

6. The
   waiting
   room
   is for first
   class
   only.

It
is very easy to confuse compound words with just an adjective and a
noun or a verb and a noun. You have to make the pronunciation
different. Compare:

We
keep these plants in a greenhouse
during winter. – Mr. Olsen lives in a small, green
house
near the river.

I
saw her bus
pass. – I saw her bus
pass.

Quoting
speech

It
is very important to quote somebody phonetically correct. Listen to
two people having a conversation about a neighbour’s son. Notice
how they pronounce the quote marks (‘ ‘). (C34)

A:
I said to Terry, I said, ‘Can you open the door for me?’ and he
says, ‘Open it yourself!’ Can you believe it!

B:
I know. The boy’s so rude! I said to his father, I said, ‘You
should do something about the boy’, and do you know what he said to
me? He said, ‘It’s none of your business.’

A:
Oh, he’s just as bad as Terry. ‘Like father like son’ as they
say!

The
speakers show the quotes by putting a short pause before and after.
Also, their voice is higher on the quotes. Listen and compare these
lines. Notice how you can hear quote marks. (C35)

Do
you know what he said to me? – ‘Do you know what?’ he said to
me.

I
said to his father, ‘I said you should do something’. – I said
to his father, I said, ‘You should do something.’

Ex.14
Listen to pairs of sentences. Which do you hear first and which
second? Write 1 or 2 after each sentence. (C37)

EXAMPLE
a. ‘You’re an idiot, that’s what,’ she said. _2_

b.
‘You’re an idiot’, that’s what she said. _1_

1. a)
   What she said was good. ___

b)
What she said was, ‘Good!’ ___

1. a)
   He said, ‘Linda was married’. ___

b)
He said Linda was married. ____

1. a)
   That’s the thing she said. ___

b)
‘That’s the thing’, she said. ___

1. a)
   He wrote a letter to the president. ___

b)
He wrote, ‘A letter to the president’. ___

1. a)
   I don’t know what I thought. ___

b)
‘I don’t know what’, I thought. ___

1. a)
   She says, ‘What she thinks is right’. ___

b)
She says what she thinks is right. ___

1. a)
   ‘Who’, wrote Julius Caesar. ___

b)
Who wrote Julius Caesar? ___

1. a)
   Who said ‘Martin’? ___

b)
‘Who?’, said Martin ___

Ex.15
The speaker is telling some gossip. Put the quote marks in the
text. Then listen and check your answer. Try saying it yourself.
(C38)

Letters
and sounds

Consonants:
[f
– v — w]

To
make the sound [f]:
Touch your top teeth with your bottom lip. Blow out air between your
lip and your teeth.

To
make the sound [v]:
Follow
the instructions above, use your voice.

To
make the sound [w]:
Round your lips and put them forward, your lips should be hard and
stiff, let the air stream out while relaxing your lips. It is a short
sound.

Ex.1
Listen and repeat.

[f
]

leaf
coffee fin photo
feet

knife
laugh

[
v ]

van
visa river wave
vacuum cleaner

twelve
Venice

[
w ]

wheel
water square wise

wheat
window

Ex.2
Listen and repeat the words paying special attention to sounds

[f
— v
— w].

leaf
– leave

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The final type of compound words are hyphenated compounds. These are words that — just like closed and open compounds — are frequently used together. The hyphen connects these words, so they function as one unit.