Is jeep a word

This article is about the U.S. motor manufacturing company. For the original World War II Jeep, see Willys MB.

Jeep

Jeep wordmark.svg
Car dealership in Rockville Maryland Jeep.jpg

Jeep dealership in Rockville, Maryland (2004)

Product type
  • Sport utility vehicles
  • Luxury vehicles
Owner Stellantis
Produced by Stellantis North America
Country U.S.
Introduced
  • 1943; 80 years ago (trademark application)[1]
  • 1945; 78 years ago (first Jeep-branded product launched)
Related brands Willys MB
Markets Worldwide [note 1]
Previous owners
  • Willys–Overland Motors
    (1945–1963)
  • Kaiser Jeep
    (1953–1970)
  • American Motors
    (1970–1987)
Website www.jeep.com Edit this at Wikidata

Jeep is an American automobile marque, now owned by multi-national corporation Stellantis.[2][3] Jeep has been part of Chrysler since 1987, when Chrysler acquired the Jeep brand, along with remaining assets, from its previous owner American Motors Corporation (AMC).

Jeep’s current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles—both crossovers and fully off-road worthy SUVs and models, including one pickup truck. Previously, Jeep’s range included other pick-ups, as well as small vans, and a few roadsters. Some of Jeep’s vehicles—such as the Grand Cherokee—reach into the luxury SUV segment, a market segment the 1963 Wagoneer is considered to have started.[4] Jeep sold 1.4 million SUVs globally in 2016, up from 500,000 in 2008,[5][6] two-thirds of which in North America,[7] and was Fiat-Chrysler’s best selling brand in the U.S. during the first half of 2017.[8] In the U.S. alone, over 2400 dealerships hold franchise rights to sell Jeep-branded vehicles, and if Jeep were spun off into a separate company, it is estimated to be worth between $22 and $33.5 billion—slightly more than all of FCA (US).[7][6] Christian Meunier is the current President of the Jeep brand worldwide.[9]

Prior to 1940 the term «jeep» had been used as U.S. Army slang for new recruits or vehicles,[10][11] but the World War II «jeep» that went into production in 1941 specifically tied the name to this light military 4×4, arguably making them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as SUVs.[12] The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Armed Forces and the Allies during World War II, as well as the postwar period. The term became common worldwide in the wake of the war. Doug Stewart noted:[13] «The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of Yankee ingenuity and cocky, can-do determination.» It is the precursor of subsequent generations of military light utility vehicles such as the Humvee, and inspired the creation of civilian analogs such as the original Series I Land Rover.[14][15] Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been designed in other nations.

The Jeep marque has been headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, ever since Willys–Overland launched production of the first CJ or Civilian Jeep branded models there in 1945.[16] Its replacement, the conceptually consistent Jeep Wrangler series, has remained in production since 1986. With its solid axles and open top, the Wrangler has been called the Jeep model that is as central to the brand’s identity as the 911 is to Porsche.[17]

At least two Jeep models (the CJ-5 and the SJ Wagoneer) enjoyed extraordinary three-decade production runs of a single body generation.

In lowercase, the term «jeep» continues to be used as a generic term for vehicles inspired by the Jeep that are suitable for use on rough terrain.[18]
In Iceland, the word Jeppi (derived from Jeep) has been used since WWII and is still used for any type of SUV.

World War II Jeeps

Development – 1. Bantam Reconnaissance Car

Bantam’s BRC 40, pictured in 1941

When it became clear that the United States would be involved in the European theater of World War II, the Army contacted 135 companies to create working prototypes of a four-wheel drive reconnaissance car. Only two companies responded: American Bantam Car Company and Willys-Overland. The Army set a seemingly impossible deadline of 49 days to supply a working prototype. Willys asked for more time, but was refused. American Bantam had only a small staff with nobody to draft the vehicle plans, so chief engineer Harold Crist[19] hired Karl Probst, a talented freelance designer from Detroit. After turning down Bantam’s initial request, Probst responded to an Army request and began work on July 17, 1940, initially without salary.

Probst drafted the full plans in just two days for the Bantam prototype known as the BRC or Bantam Reconnaissance Car, working up a cost estimate the next day. Bantam’s bid was submitted on July 22, complete with blueprints.[20] Much of the vehicle could be assembled from off-the-shelf automotive parts, and custom four-wheel drivetrain components were to be supplied by Spicer. The hand-built prototype was completed in Butler, Pennsylvania[21] and driven to Camp Holabird, Maryland on September 23 for Army testing. The vehicle met all the Army’s criteria except engine torque.

Development – 2. Willys and Ford

Ford Pygmy during testing at Camp Holabird, Maryland (c. 1940)

The Army thought that the Bantam company lacked the production capacity to manufacture and deliver the required number of vehicles, so it supplied the Bantam design to Willys and Ford, and encouraged them to enhance the design. The resulting Ford «Pygmy» and Willys «Quad» prototypes looked very similar to the Bantam BRC prototype, and Spicer supplied very similar four-wheel drivetrain components to all three manufacturers.[22]

1,500 of each model (Bantam BRC-40, Ford GP, and Willys MA) were built and extensively field-tested. After the weight specification was revised from 1,275 lb (578 kg) to a maximum of 2,450 lb (1,110 kg)[23][self-published source?] including oil and water, Willys-Overland’s chief engineer Delmar «Barney» Roos modified the design in order to use Willys’s heavy but powerful «Go Devil» engine, and won the initial production contract. The Willys version became the standard jeep design, designated the model MB, and was built at their plant in Toledo, Ohio. The familiar pressed-metal Jeep grille was a Ford design feature and incorporated in the final design by the Army.

Because the US War Department required a large number of vehicles in a short time, Willys-Overland granted the US Government a non-exclusive license to allow another company to manufacture vehicles using Willys’ specifications. The Army chose Ford as a second supplier, building Jeeps to the Willys’ design. Willys supplied Ford with a complete set of plans and specifications.[24] American Bantam, the creators of the first Jeep, built approximately 2,700 of them to the BRC-40 design, but spent the rest of the war building heavy-duty trailers for the Army.

Full production – Willys MB and Ford GPW

Final production version jeeps built by Willys-Overland were the Model MB, while those built by Ford were the Model GPW (G = government vehicle, P = 80″ wheelbase, W = Willys engine design). There were subtle differences between the two.[25] The versions produced by Ford had every component (including bolt heads) marked with an «F», and early on Ford also stamped their name in large letters in their trademark script, embossed in the rear panel of their jeeps. Willys followed the Ford pattern by stamping ‘Willys’ into several body parts, but the U.S. government objected to this practice, and both parties stopped this in 1942.[26] In spite of persistent advertising by both car and component manufacturers of contributions to the production of successful jeeps during the war, no «Jeep»-branded vehicles were built until the 1945 Willys CJ-2A.

The cost per vehicle trended upwards as the war continued from the price under the first contract from Willys at US$648.74 (Ford’s was $782.59 per unit).[27] Willys-Overland and Ford, under the direction of Charles E. Sorensen (vice-president of Ford during World War II), produced about 640,000 Jeeps towards the war effort, which accounted for approximately 18% of all the wheeled military vehicles built in the U.S. during the war.[28][29][30]

Jeeps were used by every service of the U.S. military. An average of 145 were supplied to every Army infantry regiment. Jeeps were used for many purposes, including cable laying, sawmilling, as firefighting pumpers, field ambulances, tractors, and, with suitable wheels, would run on railway tracks. An amphibious jeep, the model GPA, or «seep» (Sea Jeep) was built for Ford in modest numbers, but it could not be considered a success as it was neither a good off-road vehicle nor a good boat. As part of the war effort, nearly 30% of all Jeep production was supplied to Great Britain and to the Soviet Red Army.

Post-war military Jeeps

The Jeep has been widely imitated around the world, including in France by Delahaye and by Hotchkiss et Cie (after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under license from Willys), and in Japan by Mitsubishi Motors and Toyota. The Land Rover was inspired by the Jeep. The utilitarian good looks of the original Jeep have been hailed by industrial designers and museum curators alike. The Museum of Modern Art described the Jeep as a masterpiece of functionalist design and has periodically exhibited the Jeep as part of its collection.[31][32] Pulitzer Prize-winning war correspondent Ernie Pyle called the jeep, along with the Coleman G.I. Pocket Stove, «the two most important pieces of noncombat equipment ever developed.»[33] Jeeps became even more famous following the war, as they became available on the surplus market. Some ads claimed to offer «Jeeps still in the factory crate.» This legend persisted for decades, despite the fact that Jeeps were never shipped from the factory in crates (although Ford did «knock down» Jeeps for easier shipping, which may have perpetuated the myth[34]).

The Jeepney is a unique type of taxi or bus created in the Philippines. The first Jeepneys were military-surplus MBs and GPWs, left behind in the war-ravaged country following World War II and Filipino independence. Jeepneys were built from Jeeps by lengthening and widening the rear «tub» of the vehicle, allowing them to carry more passengers. Over the years, Jeepneys have become the most ubiquitous symbol of the modern Philippines, even as they have been decorated in more elaborate and flamboyant styles by their owners. Most Jeepneys today are scratch-built by local manufacturers, using different powertrains.

Aside from Jeepneys, backyard assemblers in the Philippines construct replica Jeeps with stainless steel bodies and surplus parts, and are called «owner-type jeeps» (as jeepneys are also called «passenger-type jeeps»).[35]

In the United States military, the Jeep has been supplanted by a number of vehicles (e.g. Ford’s M151) of which the latest is the Humvee.

CJ-V35/U

After World War II, Jeep began to experiment with new designs, including a model that could drive underwater. On February 1, 1950, contract N8ss-2660 was approved for 1,000 units «especially adapted for general reconnaissance or command communications» and «constructed for short period underwater operation such as encountered in landing and fording operations.» The engine was modified with a snorkel system so that the engine could properly breathe underwater.[36]

M715

Jeep M715, developed in 1965

In 1965, Jeep developed the M715 1.25-short-ton (1.13-tonne) army truck, a militarized version of the civilian J-series Jeep truck, which served extensively in the Vietnam War. It had heavier full-floating axles and a foldable, vertical, flat windshield. Today, it serves other countries and is still being produced by Kia under license.

Jeep etymology

Many explanations of the origin of the word jeep have proven difficult to verify. The most widely held theory is that the military designation GP (for Government Purposes or General Purpose) was slurred into the word Jeep in the same way that the contemporary HMMWV (for High-Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle) has become known as the Humvee. Joe Frazer, Willys-Overland President from 1939 to 1944, claimed to have coined the word jeep by slurring the initials G.P.[37] There are no contemporaneous uses of «GP» before later attempts to create a «backronym.»

A more detailed view, popularized by R. Lee Ermey on his television series Mail Call, disputes this «slurred GP» origin, saying that the vehicle was designed for specific duties, and was never referred to as «General Purpose» and it is highly unlikely that the average jeep-driving GI would have been familiar with this designation. The Ford GPW abbreviation actually meant G for government use, P to designate its 80-inch (2,000 mm) wheelbase and W to indicate its Willys-Overland designed engine. Ermey suggests that soldiers at the time were so impressed with the new vehicles that they informally named it after Eugene the Jeep, a character in the Thimble Theatre comic strip and cartoons created by E. C. Segar, as early as mid-March 1936. Eugene the Jeep was Popeye’s «jungle pet» and was «small, able to move between dimensions and could solve seemingly impossible problems.»[38][39]

The word «jeep» however, was used as early as World War I, as U.S. Army slang for new uninitiated recruits, or by mechanics to refer to new unproven vehicles.[10][11] In 1937, tractors which were supplied by Minneapolis Moline to the US Army were called jeeps. A precursor of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress was also referred to as the jeep.[37]

Words of the Fighting Forces by Clinton A. Sanders, a dictionary of military slang, published in 1942, in the library at The Pentagon gives this definition:

Jeep: A four-wheel drive vehicle of one-half- [0.45 tonnes] to one-and-one-half-ton [1.4 tonnes] capacity for reconnaissance or other army duty. A term applied to the bantam-cars, and occasionally to other motor vehicles (U.S.A.) in the Air Corps, the Link Trainer; in the armored forces, the 12-ton [0.45 tonnes] command vehicle. Also referred to as «any small plane, helicopter, or gadget.»

This definition is supported by the use of the term «jeep carrier» to refer to the Navy’s small escort carriers.

Early in 1941, Willys-Overland demonstrated the vehicle’s off-road capability by having it drive up the steps of the United States Capitol, driven by Willys test driver Irving «Red» Hausmann, who had recently heard soldiers at Fort Holabird calling it a «jeep.» When asked by syndicated columnist Katharine Hillyer for the Washington Daily News (or by a bystander, according to another account) what it was called, Hausmann answered, «It’s a jeep.»

Katharine Hillyer’s article was published nationally on February 19, 1941, and included a picture of the vehicle with the caption:

LAWMAKERS TAKE A RIDE- With Senator Meade, of New York, at the wheel, and Representative Thomas, of New Jersey, sitting beside him, one of the Army’s new scout cars, known as «jeeps» or «quads», climbs up the Capitol steps in a demonstration yesterday. Soldiers in the rear seat for gunners were unperturbed.

Although the term was also military slang for vehicles that were untried or untested, this exposure caused all other jeep references to fade, leaving the 4×4 with the name.

Brand, trademarks and image

Willys wartime advertisement promoting its Jeeps’ contribution to the war effort

The «Jeep» brand has gone through many owners, starting with Willys-Overland, which filed the original trademark application for the «Jeep» brand-name in February 1943.[1] To help establish the term as a Willys brand, the firm campaigned with advertisements emphasizing Willys’ prominent contribution to the Jeep that helped win the war.[1] Willys’ application initially met with years of opposition, primarily from Bantam, but also from Minneapolis-Moline. The Federal Trade Commission initially ruled in favor of Bantam in May 1943, largely ignoring Minneapolis-Moline’s claim, and continued to scold Willys-Overland after the war for its advertising.[40] The FTC even slapped the company with a formal complaint, to cease and desist any claims that it «created or designed» the Jeep — Willys was only allowed to advertise its contribution to the Jeep’s development.[41]
Willys however proceeded to produce the first Civilian Jeep (CJ) branded vehicles in 1945, and simply copyrighted the Jeep name in 1946.[42] Being the only company that continually produced «Jeep» vehicles after the war, Willys-Overland was eventually granted the name «Jeep» as a registered trademark in June 1950.[1] Aside from Willys, King Features Syndicate has held a trademark on the name «Jeep» for their comics since August 1936.[42]

Willys had also seriously considered the brand name AGRIJEEP, and was granted the trademark for it in December 1944, but instead the civilian production models as of 1945 were marketed as the «Universal Jeep,» which reflected a wider range of uses outside of farming.[43]

FCA US LLC, the most recent successor company to the Jeep brand, now holds trademark status on the name «Jeep» and the distinctive 7-slot front grille design. The original 9-slot grille associated with all World War II jeeps was designed by Ford for their GPW, and because it weighed less than the original «Slat Grille» of Willys (an arrangement of flat bars), was incorporated into the «standardized jeep» design.

The history of the HMMWV (Humvee) has ties with Jeep. In 1971, Jeep’s Defense and Government Products Division was turned into AM General, a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Motors Corporation, which also owned Jeep. In 1979, while still owned by American Motors, AM General began the first steps toward designing the Humvee. AM General also continued manufacturing the two-wheel-drive DJ, which Jeep created in 1953. The General Motors Hummer and Chrysler Jeep have been waging battle in U.S. courts over the right to use seven slots in their respective radiator grilles. Chrysler Jeep claims it has the exclusive rights to use the seven vertical slits since it is the sole remaining assignee of the various companies since Willys gave their postwar jeeps seven slots instead of Ford’s nine-slot design for the Jeep.

Off-road abilities

Jeep Wrangler off-roading

Jeep advertising has always emphasized the brand’s vehicles’ off-road capabilities.[44] Today, the Wrangler is one of the few remaining four-wheel-drive vehicles with solid front and rear axles. These axles are known for their durability, strength, and articulation. New Wranglers come with a Dana 44 rear differential and a Dana 30 front differential. The upgraded Rubicon model of the JK Wrangler is equipped with electronically activated locking differentials, Dana 44 axles front and rear with 4.10 gears, a 4:1 transfer case, electronic sway bar disconnect, and heavy-duty suspension.

Another benefit of solid axle vehicles is they tend to be easier and cheaper to «lift» with aftermarket suspension systems. This increases the distance between the axle and chassis of the vehicle. By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground clearance, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles. In addition to higher ground clearance, many owners aim to increase suspension articulation or «flex» to give their Jeeps greatly improved off-road capabilities. Good suspension articulation keeps all four wheels in contact with the ground and maintains traction.

Useful features of the smaller Jeeps are their short wheelbases, narrow frames, ample approach, breakover, and departure angles, thus enabling them to traverse through places where full-size four-wheel drives have difficulty.

Company history and ownership

After the war, Willys did not resume production of its passenger-car models, choosing instead to concentrate on Jeeps and Jeep-branded vehicles, launching the Jeep Station Wagon in 1946, the Jeep Truck in 1947, and the Jeepster in 1948. An attempt to re-enter the passenger-car market in 1952 with the Willys Aero sedan proved unsuccessful, and ended with the company’s acquisition by Kaiser Motors in 1953, for $60 million.[45] Kaiser initially called the merged company «Willys Motors», but renamed itself Kaiser-Jeep in 1963. By the end of 1955, Kaiser-Frazer had dropped the Willys Aero, as well as its own passenger cars to sell Jeeps exclusively.[17]

American Motors Corporation (AMC) in turn purchased Kaiser’s money-losing Jeep operations in 1970. This time $70 million changed hands.[45] The utility vehicles complemented AMC’s passenger car business by sharing components, achieving volume efficiencies, as well as capitalizing on Jeep’s international and government markets. In 1971, AMC spun off Jeep’s commercial, postal, and military vehicle lines into a separate subsidiary, AM General – the company that later developed the M998 Humvee. In 1976 Jeep introduced the CJ-7, replacing the CJ-6 in North America, as well as crossing 100,000 civilian units in annual global sales for the first time.[46]

The French automaker Renault began investing in AMC in 1979. Renault began selling Jeeps through their European dealerships soon thereafter, beginning in Belgium and France, gradually supplanting a number of independent importers.[47] During this period Jeep introduced the XJ Cherokee, its first unibody SUV; and global sales topped 200,000 for the first time in 1985.[46] However, the replacement of the CJ Jeeps by the new Wrangler line in 1986 marked the start of a different era. By 1987, the automobile markets had changed and Renault itself was experiencing financial troubles.

At the same time, Chrysler Corporation wanted to capture the Jeep brand, as well as other assets of AMC. So Chrysler bought out AMC in 1987, shortly after the Jeep CJ-7 had been replaced with the AMC-designed Wrangler YJ. After more than 40 years, the four-wheel drive utility vehicles brand that had been a profitable niche for smaller automakers fell into the hands of one of the Big Three; and Jeep was the only AMC brand continued by Chrysler after the acquisition. But Chrysler subsequently merged with Daimler-Benz in 1998 and folded into DaimlerChrysler. DaimlerChrysler eventually sold most of its interest in Chrysler to a private equity company in 2007. Chrysler and the Jeep division operated under Chrysler Group LLC, until December 15, 2014, when Chrysler folded into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, with the stateside subsidiary operating under ‘FCA US LLC’.

Jeeps have been built under licence by various manufacturers around the world, including Mahindra in India, EBRO in Spain, and several in South America. Mitsubishi built more than 30 models in Japan between 1953 and 1998; Most were based on the CJ-3B model of the original Willys-Kaiser design.[48]

Toledo, Ohio has been the headquarters of the Jeep brand since its inception, and the city has always been proud of this heritage. Although no longer produced in the same Toledo Complex as the World War II originals, two streets in the vicinity of the old plant are named Willys Parkway and Jeep Parkway. The Jeep Wrangler and Jeep Cherokee are built in the city currently, in separate facilities, not far from the site of the original Willys-Overland plant.

American Motors set up the first automobile-manufacturing joint venture in the People’s Republic of China on January 15, 1984.[49] The result was Beijing Jeep Corporation, Ltd., in partnership with Beijing Automobile Industry Corporation, to produce the Jeep Cherokee (XJ) in Beijing. Manufacture continued after Chrysler’s buyout of AMC. This joint venture is now part of DaimlerChrysler and DaimlerChrysler China Invest Corporation. The original 1984 XJ model was updated and called the «Jeep 2500» toward the end of its production that ended after 2005.[50]

In October 2022, the joint venture between Stellantis and Chinese company Guangzhou Automobile Group filed for bankruptcy, although Stellantis said it intends to continue servicing Jeep brand customers in China.[51]

While Jeeps have been built in India under license by Mahindra & Mahindra since the 1960s, Jeep has entered the Indian market directly in 2016, starting with the release of the Wrangler and Grand Cherokee in the country.[52]

Ownership chronology

  • 1944–1953: Willys-Overland
  • 1953–1964: Kaiser Jeep (calling themselves «Willys Motors»)
  • 1964–1970: Kaiser Jeep
  • 1970–1987: AMC (w/ Renault controlling production in 1986)
  • 1987–1998: Chrysler Corporation
  • 1998–2007: DaimlerChrysler AG
  • 2007–2009: Chrysler LLC
  • 2009–2013: Chrysler Group LLC — Fiat Group Automobiles
  • 2014–2021: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
  • 2021–present: Stellantis

Military Jeeps model list

This is a list of military light utility vehicles, made under the Jeep brand, by the Jeep company, or its corporate forebears, beginning with Willys-Overland, the first company to officially market «Jeep» branded cars and light trucks. For a full list of U.S. military jeeps, that includes the first successful Bantam prototype, and other models, brands and companies, see: List of U.S. military jeeps

Willys MA on the assembly line, 1941

1942 Willys MB slat grille

  • 1940 Willys Quad — Willys’ first prototype, competing for the U.S. Army contract for a 14-short-ton (0.23-tonne) reconnaissance vehicle
  • 1941 Willys MA — Willys’ low-volume preproduction model, preceding the standardized World War II jeep
  • 1941–1944 Willys MT «Super Jeep» — 6×6, 34-short-ton (0.68-tonne) prototype — a small number were built in various configurations [53]
  • 1942 Willys MB – slat grille
  • 1942–1945 Willys MB – stamped grille
  • 1943 Willys WAC (for ‘Willys Air Cooled’) «Jeeplet» — prototype for a super light-weight, full-time 4WD with front and rear independent suspension [53]
  • 1944 Willys MLW-1 (for ‘Military Long Wheelbase’) — prototype (never finished)
  • 1944 Willys MLW-2 (for ‘Military Long Wheelbase’) or «Jungle Jeep» — prototype for a half-ton, jungle-suited jeep [53]
  • 1948 Willys Jungle Burden Carrier — a medical litter, personnel and cargo carrier, built in small numbers for testing in jungle warfare and with airborne forces.[54]
  • 1949–1952 Willys MC / M38
  • 1950 CJ V-35(/U) – deep water fording CJ-3A; 1000 units built for the USMC [55]
  • 1952–1971 Willys / Kaiser MD / M38A1
    • 1952–1957 Willys M38A1C – fitted with 105/106mm anti-tank recoilless rifle
    • 1950s/1960s Willys M38A1D – a small number of M38A1s carried the M28 or M29 «Davy Crockett Weapon System», the US’ smallest tactical nuclear weapon, fired from a 120mm or 155mm recoilless rifle
    • M170 Ambulance
  • 1953 Willys BC Bobcat aka «Aero Jeep» — prototype for a very small, lightweight (1,475 lb or 669 kg) jeep, for easier lifting by helicopters of the day.[56]
  • 1958–1960 Willys XM443 / M443E1 «Super Mule» – prototypes for 34-short-ton (0.68-tonne), underfloor mid-engined platform-trucks, comparable to, but larger than the M274 «Mechanical Mule»[57][53][58]
  • 1959–1982 M151 jeep — Although the M151 was developed and initially produced by Ford, production contracts for the M151A2 were later also awarded to Kaiser Jeep and AM General Corp, a Jeep sister company, once Jeep had become part of AMC.
    • 1970–1982 M151A2
      • M718A1 Ambulance
      • M825 Weapons Platform
  • 1960–1968 Jeep M606
  • 1964 US Navy and USMC variants of the Forward Control FC-170, labeled «Truck, Diesel engine, 7,000-pound (3,200 kg) GVW, 4×4»:[59]
    • M676 Truck, Cargo Pickup
    • M677 Truck, Cargo Pickup w/4 Dr. Cab
    • M678 Truck, Carry All
    • M679 Truck, Ambulance
  • 1967–1969 Kaiser Jeep M715 truck — based on the civilian Jeep Gladiator

Civilian Jeeps model list

Jeep CJ

The CJ (for «Civilian Jeep») series were literally the first «Jeep» branded vehicles sold commercially to the civilian public, beginning in 1945 with the CJ-2A, followed by the CJ-3A in 1949 and the CJ-3B in 1953. These early Jeeps are frequently referred to as «flat-fenders» because their front fenders were completely flat and straight, just as on the original WW II model (the Willys MB and identical Ford GPW).

The CJ-4 exists only as a single 1951 prototype and constitutes the «missing link» between the flat-fendered CJ-2A and CJ-3A/B, and the subsequent Jeeps with new bodies, featuring rounded fenders and hoods, beginning with the 1955 CJ-5, first introduced as the military Willys MD (or M38A1). The restyled body was mostly prompted to clear the taller new overhead-valve Hurricane engine.

  • 1944–1945 CJ-2 – pre-production units
  • 1945–1949 CJ-2A
  • 1949–1953 CJ-3A
  • 1953–1968 CJ-3B
  • 1954–1983 CJ-5
  • 1955–1975 CJ-6
  • 1964–1967 CJ-5A/CJ-6A Tuxedo Park
  • 1976–1986 CJ-7
  • 1981–1985 CJ-8 Scrambler
  • 1981–1985 CJ-10

Willys Jeep Station Wagon and Truck

  • The 1946–1965 Willys Jeep Station Wagon and the
  • 1947–1965 Willys Jeep Truck shared much in terms of styling and engineering.

With over 300,000 wagons and variants built in the U.S., it was one of Willys’ most successful post-World War II models. Its production coincided with consumers moving to the suburbs.

Willys / Jeep Jeepster & (Jeepster) Commando

The Jeepster introduced in 1948 was directly based on the rear-wheel-drive Jeep Station Wagon chassis, and shared many of the same parts.[60]

  • 1948–1950 Willys VJ Jeepster[61]
  • 1948–1949 VJ2 Jeepster
  • 1949–1951 VJ3 Jeepster

(Jeepster) Commando

  • 1966–1971 C101—Jeepster Commando
    • Hurst Jeepster (only 100 produced)
    • Hurst Half Cab
    • Revival Jeepster
    • Commando convertible
    • open body roadster
  • 1972–1973 C104—Jeep Commando
    • Commando Half Cab

Willys Jeep FC-170 (1957–1965)

Jeep Forward Control

  • The 1956–1965 Jeep Forward Control was built in both civilian and military models. The civilian versions were:
    • FC-150
    • FC-160—Spain, India
    • FC-170

Jeep DJ and Fleetvan

From 1955 onwards Willys offered two-wheel drive versions of their CJ Jeeps for commercial use, called DJ models (for ‘Dispatcher Jeep’), in both open and closed body styles. A well-known version was the right-hand drive model with sliding side-doors, used by the US Postal service.
In 1961 the range was expanded with the ‘Fleetvan’ delivery van, based on DJ Jeeps.

  • 1955 USAF DJ
  • 1955–1964 DJ-3A
  • 1965–1975 DJ-5
  • 1965–1973 DJ-6
  • 1967–1975 DJ-5A
  • 1970–1972 DJ-5B
  • 1973–1974 DJ-5C
  • 1975–1976 DJ-5D
  • 1976 DJ-5E Electruck
  • 1977–1978 DJ-5F
  • 1979 DJ-5G
  • 1982 DJ-5L

Fleetvan Jeep

  • 1961–1975 Fleetvan
    • FJ-3
    • FJ-3A
    • FJ-6
    • FJ-6A
    • FJ-8
    • FJ-9

Jeep Wagoneer ca. 1968

J20 pickup, Honcho package

SJ Wagoneer, Cherokee and pickups

SUV models (1962–1991)

  • 1962–1983 SJ Wagoneer
  • 1966–1969 SJ Super Wagoneer
  • 1974–1983 SJ Cherokee
  • 1984–1991 SJ Grand Wagoneer

Pickup models (1962–1988)

  • 1962–1971 Jeep Gladiator (SJ)
  • 1971–1988 Jeep pickup truck (J-)

Jeep Cherokee (XJ) and Comanche

  • 1984–2001 XJ Cherokee
  • 1984–1990 XJ Wagoneer
    • 1984–1985 Broughwood
    • 1984–1990 Limited
  • 1986–1992 Jeep Comanche (MJ)

1989 Jeep Wrangler YJ Islander

1997 Jeep Wrangler TJ

2016 Jeep Wrangler JK Unlimited (MIAS ’16)

Jeep Wrangler

  • 1987–1995 Jeep Wrangler YJ
    • 1991–1993 Renegade
    • 1988–1995 Wrangler Long—Venezuela
    • 1995 Wrangler Rio Grande
  • 1997–2006 Wrangler TJ
    • 2002 TJ Se, X, Sport, Sahara models
    • 2003 TJ Rubicon, Rubicon Tomb Raider Edition, Sahara, Sport, X, Se models, Freedom Edition
    • 2004–2006 TJ Long Wheel Base (LJ) Unlimited (15 in or 38 cm longer than a standard TJ) Rubicon, Sport, X, Se models
    • 2004–2005 Willys Edition (2004–1997 made, 2005–2001 made)
    • 2004 Columbia Edition
    • 2005 Rubicon Sahara Unlimited TJ LWB (LJ) (1000 made)
    • 2006 Golden Eagle Edition, 65 Year Anniversary Edition (1,675 Black 65th Anniversary Editions made)
    • 2007–2011 TJL AEV Brute: Compact pickup truck, 2-door version; produced by AEV with the Jeep logo.
  • 2007–2018 Wrangler JK
    • 2007–2009 JK Rubicon, Sahara, X
    • 2010 JK Rubicon, Sahara, Mountain, Islander, and Sport Editions
    • 2011 70th Anniversary, Call of Duty: Black Ops, Mojave, and Oscar Mike Military (200 made)[62] Editions
    • 2011 JK-8 Independence — a MOPAR JK pick-up conversion kit, mirroring the 1980s CJ-8 Scrambler pick-up
    • 2013 Rubicon 10th Anniversary Edition
    • 2013–2017 Brute Double Cab: Pickup truck, 4-door version, produced by American Expedition Vehicles[63]
    • 2014 Willys Wheeler Edition
  • 2017 — Jeep Wrangler JL
  • 2019 — Jeep Gladiator JT

Grand Cherokee

1st generation Grand Cherokee ZJ

2008–2010 WK Grand Cherokee

  • 1993–1998 Grand Cherokee ZJ
    • 1993–1995 Base SE
    • 1993–1998 Laredo
    • 1993–1998 Limited
    • 1995–1997 Orvis «Limited Edition»
    • 1997–1998 TSi
    • 1998 5.9 Limited
  • 1993 ZJ Jeep Grand Wagoneer
  • 1999–2004 Grand Cherokee WJ Grand Cherokee
    • 2002–2003 Sport
    • 2002–2004 Special edition
    • 2002–2004 Overland
    • 2004 Columbia Edition
  • 2005–2010 Grand Cherokee WK: Five-passenger family-oriented SUV — «WK» is the designator for the 2005–2010 Grand Cherokee, marks the beginning of the -K designation compared to the -J designation
  • 2011–2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee WK2
  • 2021- Present Jeep Grand Cherokee WL

Jeep Liberty / Cherokee

  • 2002–2007 Jeep Liberty KJ or Jeep Cherokee (KJ) outside North America
    • Sport
    • Limited
    • Renegade
    • 2003 Freedom Edition
    • 2004–05 Rocky Mountain Edition
    • 2004 Columbia Edition
    • 2006 65th Anniversary Edition
    • 2007 Latitude Edition (replaced Renegade)
  • 2008–2012 Jeep Liberty KK or Jeep Cherokee (KK) outside North America

Jeep Commander

  • 2006–2010 Jeep Commander (XK)
    • 2006 Base
    • 2007–2010 Sport
    • 2006–2010 Limited
    • 2007–2009 Overland

Jeep Compass and Patriot platform

  • 2007–2017 Jeep Compass MK49
  • 2017–present Jeep Compass MP/552
  • 2006–2017 Jeep Patriot (MK74): Compact sport utility vehicle

Concepts and prototypes

  • 1944 CJ-1 prototype
  • 1949 Alcoa Aluminum-bodied Jeepster Coupe (prototype)[64]
  • 1949–1950 X-98 prototype; with flat fenders, but a rounded hood and grille like the CJ-5, it may have been the first F-head-powered Jeep[65]
  • 1950 CJ-4 prototype
  • 1950 CJ-4M prototype
  • 1950 CJ-4MA prototype
  • 1952 CJ Coiler: experimental design for an all independent suspension, with portal-hub swing-axles and coil-springs[53]
  • 1958 DJ-3A Pickup: Prototype pickup truck version of the DJ-3A
  • 1958 Jeep Creep: prototype utility vehicle; several versions built for tests, including a Postal rig and an aircraft tug[53]
  • 1959 Jeep J-100 Malibu and Berkeley: Later developed into the Wagoneer[53]
  • 1960 Jeep Wide-Trac: Concept for developing a low-cost vehicle for third-world countries
  • 1962 The Brazilian Jeepster (prototype)[66][67]
  • 1963 Jeep XM-200: J200-based concept for developing a low-cost vehicle for third-world countries[53]
  • 1965 Jeep/Renault Model H: A light 4×4 prototype based on the Renault 16
  • 1966 FWD Concept Jeepvair: Similar to the Model H but with a Chevrolet Corvair powertrain
  • 1970 XJ001
  • 1970 XJ002
  • 1971 Jeep Cowboy: A design study using AMC’s «compact» automobile platform[68]
  • 1977 Jeep II
  • 1979 Jeep Jeepster II
  • 1986 Cherokee Targa: A two-door Cherokee convertible (later revised as Jeep Freedom show car)
  • 1987 Comanche Thunderchief: This vehicle was put into production later as the Comanche Eliminator
  • 1989 Jeep Concept 1: Evolved into the ZJ Grand Cherokee
  • 1989 Jeep Rubicon Wrangler: This vehicle was later put in production
  • 1990 Jeep JJ: Essentially what would later be called the Icon
  • 1990 Jeep Freedom:[69] A revised Cherokee Targa
  • 1991 Jeep Wagoneer 2000: A large design concept[70]
  • 1993 Jeep Ecco
  • 1997 Jeep Cherokee Casablanca: A special edition of Cherokee, never produced
  • 1997 Jeep Wrangler Ultimate Res: A tuned version of a regular TJ Wrangler developed for SEMA show
  • 1997 Fender Jeep Wrangler
  • 1997 Jeep Dakar: A fused version of a XJ Cherokee and TJ Wrangler
  • 1997 Jeep Icon: A design study for the next-generation Wrangler
  • 1999 Jeep Commander: methanol fuel cell drive train with electric motors[71]
  • 1999 Jeep Journey
  • 1999 Jeep Jeepster Concept
  • 2000 Jeep Cherokee Total Exposure
  • 2000 Jeep Varsity: Subsequently, put into production as the Compass
  • 2000 Jeep Commander Concept: Subsequently, put into production as the XK
  • 2000 Jeep Willys
  • 2001 Jeep Willys2
  • 2002 Jeep Wrangler Tabasco
  • 2002 Jeep Wrangler Patriot: A special decal package for the Wrangler X/Sport
  • 2002 Jeep Wrangler Mountain Biker
  • 2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WJ) Concierge
  • 2004 Jeep Treo
  • 2004 Jeep Res
  • 2004 Jeep Liberator CRD
  • 2005 Jeep Hurricane: The 4-wheel steering system allows the vehicle to have both a zero turning circle, and «crab» sideways.[72] Its engine was later put in the Grand Cherokee (WK) SRT-8
  • 2005 Jeep Gladiator Concept
  • 2005 Jeep Aggressor (the Rezo)
  • 2007 Jeep Trailhawk
  • 2008 Jeep Renegade
  • 2010 Jeep J8
  • 2010 Jeep Nukizer: Design study inspired by the Military Kaiser M-715
  • 2011 Jeep Wrangler Pork Chop
  • 2011 Jeep Compass Canyon: uses a 2+18-inch (5.4 cm) lift
  • 2011 Jeep Cherokee Overland
  • 2012 Jeep Mighty FC: inspired by the 1956 to 1965 Forward Control vehicles Jeep sold
  • 2012 Jeep J-12 Concept: recalling the 1962–1971 Gladiator pickups
  • 2013 Jeep Wrangler Mopar Recon
  • 2013 Jeep Grand Cherokee Trailhawk EcoDiesel
  • 2013 Jeep Wrangler Stitch
  • 2013 Jeep Wrangler Flattop: featuring a one-piece, windowless hardtop
  • 2014 Jeep Wrangler Level Red
  • 2014 Jeep Cherokee Dakar
  • 2014 Jeep Wrangler MOJO
  • 2015 Jeep Chief
  • 2015 Jeep Wrangler Africa
  • 2015 Jeep Wrangler Red Rock Responder
  • 2015 Jeep Staff Car: a tribute to Jeep’s military history starting with WWII

Current models

The Jeep brand currently produces five models, but 8 vehicles are under the brand name or use the Jeep logo:

  • Jeep Renegade: Subcompact Sport Utility Vehicle
  • Jeep Wrangler
    • JK: Standard wheelbase Compact Sport utility vehicle, 2-door version
    • JK Unlimited: Long wheelbase Mid-Size sport utility vehicle, 4-door version
    • J8: Mid-Size military utility vehicle; Produced by AIL, AAV, and AEV.
    • TJL: Compact pickup truck, 2-door version; Produced by AAV.
    • JL: Short (2-door) and long (4-door) wheelbase SUV; in production since November 2017
    • Jeep Gladiator (JT): mid-size pickup truck, went on sale in early 2019 as a 2020 model.
  • Jeep Grand Cherokee: Mid-size sport utility vehicle
  • Jeep Compass: Compact sport utility vehicle
  • Jeep Cherokee KL: Mid-size sport utility vehicle
  • Jeep Commander: Mid-size sport utility vehicle, mainly for emerging markets
  • Jeep Wagoneer/Jeep Grand Wagoneer (WS): Full-Size SUVs[73]
  • Jeep Avenger

Jeeps built outside the USA

Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Indian Jeep

Jeeps have been built and/or assembled around the world by various companies.[74]

  • Argentina – IKA Jeeps 1956–current; now owned by Chrysler[75]
  • Australia – Willys Motors Australia – 1940s–1980s[76]
  • Brazil – Willys Overland do Brasil, purchased by Ford to become Ford do Brasil – 1957–1985[77] built the Jeep Rural from 1960 to 1977, and the Troller T4 is a fiberglass bodied Jeep version built in Brazil. Troller was purchased by Ford do Brasil in 2007.
  • Burma/Myanmar – Two Burmese companies produce unlicensed copies of jeeps; Myanmar Jeeps and Chin Dwin Star Jeeps.
  • Canada – Kaiser Jeep – 1959–1969[78]
  • China – Beijing Jeep Corporation – 1983 to 2009 as Beijing-Benz DaimlerChrysler Automotive. Since the 2014 sale of Chrysler and Jeep to FIAT jeeplike and other similar vehicles are now produced by BAIC subsidiary Beijing Automobile Works Co., Ltd. (BAW). Fiat-Chrysler plans to re-open Jeep production in China through a joint venture with Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group (GAIG).[79]
  • Colombia – Willys Colombia – at least until 1999[80]
  • Egypt – Arab Organization for Industrialization subsidiary Arab American Vehicles based in Cairo produces the Jeep Cherokee; the open-top, Wrangler-based Jeep AAV TJL.
  • France – Licence produced jeeps: Hotchkiss M201 and by Cournil (now Auverland) – 1952–1962[81]
  • India – Mahindra & Mahindra Limited – 1960s-current[82]
  • Iran – Pars Khodro, ShahBaaz, Sahra, and Ahoo – ShahBaaz based on DJ series, Sahra based on Jeep Wrangler and CJ series, and Ahoo based on Wagoneer
  • Israel – Automotive Industries which produces the AIL Storm (Sufa) series of Jeep Wrangler-derivatives
  • Italy – 1950s[83]
  • Japan – Mitsubishi Jeeps – 1953–1998[84]
  • Korea – Asia Motors, Ltd, Dong A Motors (SsangYong Motor Company), Keowha, and Kia. (None use Jeep name) – 1980s-current[85]
  • Mexico – VAM Jeeps – 1946–1987[86]
  • Netherlands – Nekaf Jeep, NEKAF and Kemper & Van Twist – 1954–1962[87]
  • Philippines – Jeepneys;[88] MD Juan Willys MB;[89] «E-jeepneys» or minibuses, LSV (low-speed vehicles) which uses electricity.[90][91]

Spanish-built long-wheelbase CJ-3B

  • Portugal – Bravia Sarl – 1960s to 1980s This Lisbon company assembled a number of Kaiser Jeep M-201 models from several Spanish EBRO and VIASA parts built to order for the USAF airfields & the US Army based at the time in Portugal, of the 500 vehicles made, most had American running gear.
  • Russia — Russian company APAL produces the Jeeplike Stalker which utilizes a space frame covered with plastic panels, using Lada Niva chassis and mechanicals.
  • Spain – Vehículos Industriales y Agrícolas, S.A (VIASA), absorbed by Ebro trucks, and later sold to Nissan – 1960-1990s[92] For instance built a long-wheelbase version of the CJ-3B from 1955 to 1968.
  • Turkey – Tuzla – 1954-1970s[93]
  • Venezuela – Valencia Carabobo 1962–2011, 1962 Tejerias Edo Aragua Willys de Venezuela, S.A, 1979–2011 Ensambladora Carabobo C.A Valencia Edo Carabobo

Jeep apparel and sponsorships

Jeep is also a brand of apparel of outdoor lifestyle sold under license. It is reported that there are between 600 and 1,500 such outlets in China, vastly outnumbering the number of Jeep auto dealers in the country.[94][95]

In April 2012 Jeep signed a shirt sponsorship deal worth €35m ($45m) with Italian football club Juventus.[96]

In August 2014, Jeep signed a sponsorship deal with the Greek football club AEK Athens F.C.

Jeep has been the title sponsor of France’s top men’s professional basketball league, LNB Pro A, since 2018. Under the deal, the league markets itself as Jeep Élite.[97]

See also

  • Willys MB (and Ford GPW) – the original jeep, created in World War II
  • Sport utility vehicle
  • Military light utility vehicle
  • Land Rover – the British post-war counterpart, that also became a brand
  • Jeepney – the most popular buses in the Philippines, originally made from WW II surplus jeeps
  • Jeep four-wheel-drive systems
  • AMC and Jeep transmissions
  • Jeep trail
  • Jeep parade
  • Jeep Thrills

Notes

  1. ^ Except Cuba, Syria, Iran, North Korea, and Sudan.

References

Inline
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General
  • Allen, Jim (2004). Jeep. MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-1979-6.
  • Foster, Patrick R. (2003). Standard Catalog of Jeep 1940–2003. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87349-522-6.
  • Ludel, Moses (1992). Jeep Owner’s Bible: A Hands-On Guide to Getting the Most from Your Jeep. Robert Bentley. ISBN 978-0-8376-0154-0.
  • Hartwell, Dickson (December 1960). «The Mighty Jeep». American Heritage Magazine. 12 (1).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jeep.

Look up jeep in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • «Leeping Lena Joins the Army», October 1941 first detailed article on what became known as the Jeep
  • Autobiography of a Jeep (1943). United Films, Prelinger Archives, Historical Public Domain video.
  • History: Automobiles: Jeep (45 min documentary). A&E Television. April 7, 2010. Archived from the original (16:9) on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  • Meet the Postwar Jeep Archived October 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine August 1945 Popular Science
  • Story of the Jeep and the American Story are Intertwined A Visual History


 Added on October 23, 2018
 The News Wheel
 definition , Jeep History , Jeep origin , jeep term , Jeep word , military jeep , military vehicles

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Most people today know the term “jeep” because of its use as a brand name under the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles group. However, those familiar with off-roading or who have a military background may have heard the term “jeep” used for vehicles other than official Jeep-brand models. That’s because the term “jeep” existed before the brand was founded in the 1940s. Its widespread use in the military during World War II may shed some like on the origin of the word jeep.


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A possible origin of the word jeep … and why it’s difficult to confirm

The official origin of the word jeep is uncertain, as it’s a term widely used in the military for years and thus hard to trace. The most widely acknowledged publicizing of the term involves Irving “Red” Haussman. He test-drove Willys-Overland’s new trucks and publicized its classification as a jeep because that’s what he heard soldiers call it.

According to Words of the Fighting Forces (1942) by Clinton A. Sanders, a dictionary of military slang, a jeep is a “four-wheel drive vehicle of one-half- to one-and-one-half-ton capacity for reconnaissance or other army duty. A term applied to the bantam-cars, and occasionally to other motor vehicles (U.S.A.) in the Air Corps, the Link Trainer; in the armored forces, the ½-ton command vehicle.”

In documentation earlier than that, the “jeep” served as slang for mechanics to identify new vehicles. Their use of “jeep” may have come from a popular comic strip of the time. King Features Syndicate, who distributed the comic strip Popeye, first trademarked “Jeep” in 1936 when it introduced the character Eugene the Jeep, a fourth-dimensional animal that could teleport anywhere.

Another theory connects the term with Ford‘s nomenclature of GP, its military reconnaissance vehicle. Just like HMMWV became “Humvee,” perhaps GP slurred into “jeep.”

Although we don’t know for sure where the word came from, jeep has undeniably become synonymous with quality, strength and adventurous determination — all characteristics of the American spirit.


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Sources: Autoweek, Allpar

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Asked by: Dr. Sheridan Swift

Score: 4.8/5
(11 votes)

Yes, jeep is in the scrabble dictionary.

Is jeep in the English dictionary?

noun. A small, sturdy motor vehicle with four-wheel drive, especially one used by the military.

What does jeep mean in English?

(Entry 1 of 3) : a small general-purpose motor vehicle with 80-inch wheelbase, ¹/₄-ton capacity, and four-wheel drive used by the U.S. Army in World War II also : a similar but larger and more powerful U.S. army vehicle. jeep. verb. jeeped; jeeping; jeeps.

Is jeep a proper noun?

The noun ‘jeep’ can be either a common or a proper noun depending upon its use. When it is used in general terms, jeep is a common noun.

Is jeer a scrabble word?

Yes, jeer is in the scrabble dictionary.

17 related questions found

Is Je a word in scrabble?

JE is playable in WWF, but not Scrabble. It’s an abbreviation for June or Jeremiah. … JO is a valid word in both Scrabble and WWF. It’s a Scottish term for “sweetheart.”

Is Jade a scrabble word?

Yes, jade is in the scrabble dictionary.

Are jeeps capitalized?

A jeep is a rugged car made for driving in difficult conditions, like unpaved roads and across sand. Many military vehicles are jeeps. … If the word is capitalized, it’s the specific, trademarked brand of cars. Jeep was originally Army slang from the 1940s, a blending of G.P., or «general purpose vehicle.»

Can I use the word jeep?

Jeep and its brand mark: The word Jeep should not be used as a stand-alone noun as in “Drive a Jeep® today.” The exception to this rule is when it is considered to be the “manufacturer” of the vehicle, “Drive a Jeep® Liberty today.” Do not use the words Chrysler/Jeep®. Instead, use Chrysler and Jeep®.

What is a jeep animal?

A Jeep is an animal living in a three dimensional world—in this case our world—but really belonging to a fourth dimensional world. Here’s what happened. A number of Jeep life cells were somehow forced through the dimensional barrier into our world.

What’s another word for jeep?

synonyms for jeep

  • car.
  • crate.
  • pickup.
  • rig.
  • van.
  • wagon.
  • buggy.
  • dump.

Why do they call a jeep a jeep?

Surprisingly, the name stuck around and eventually used to describe light military recon vehicles. Irving Hausmann, who was one of the engineers working for Willys-Overland, reported that he heard and picked up the name “Jeep” from soldiers while testing it the vehicle.

What is jeep subject?

This English language program features learning designed specifically for interactive study via computers. …

Is jeep a generic word?

Jeep is an automobile marque (and registered trademark) of Chrysler. It is the oldest Sports utility vehicle (SUV) brand. … The word «jeep» is often used as a generic term, uncapitalized, for any vehicle of this shape and function.

What is a Jeep Wrangler?

The Jeep Wrangler is a series of compact and mid-size four-wheel drive off-road SUVs manufactured by Jeep since 1986, and currently in its fourth generation. … From 2004 on, the Wrangler has been complemented with long-wheelbase versions, called Wrangler Unlimited. 2004-2006 models were longer versions with 2 doors.

Are there really hidden animals on jeeps?

According to Mopar Insiders, the Easter eggs can be found on each of the brand’s cars. Not everyone was aware of this fact, though, as a TikTok by jackiefoster40 recently revealed. The user discovered a spider hidden in his fuel tank and decided to share the Easter egg in a video.

When was jeep trademarked?

In 1950, Willys-Overland was granted the U.S. Trademark Registration for the Jeep trademark.

What does jeep up mean?

it can mean to continue to do something, to continue to pretend that something is true, to move at the same speed as someone or something,to make progress or learn at the same speed as someone or something….it’s kinda of complicated.

What is jeep known for?

Jeeps have a long and illustrious history with military roots dating back to World War II. Instantly recognizable, they are known for the legendary off-road capabilities that earned the brand its trademarked slogan «Go Anywhere.

What is the sentence of jeep?

Jeep sentence example. Dean slammed his fist against the Jeep in frustration at the sight. The Jeep was upside down, on its roll bar. He turned the Jeep at the far end of town and began following her.

Is jeep a company?

Jeep is an automobile marque originating in the United States, now owned by European conglomerate Stellantis. Jeep has been part of Chrysler since 1987, when Chrysler acquired the Jeep brand, along with remaining assets, from its previous owner American Motors Corporation (AMC).

What is a jeep wave?

Jeep Wave® is a program designed to provide select Jeep® Brand vehicle owners with exclusive 24/7 owner support and a special package of benefits to enhance their ownership experience and thank them for their loyalty to the Jeep® Brand.

Is Jad a word?

No, jad is not in the scrabble dictionary.

Is Jay a valid scrabble word?

Yes, jay is in the scrabble dictionary.

Can you play Ye in scrabble?

Yes, ye is in the scrabble dictionary.

masterok Golden Entry

October 13 2020, 10:00

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Из всех красивых названий с не очень понятным смыслом «Джип» едва ли не самое популярное. Все мы с легкостью и не особо задумываясь называем так любой внедорожник или кроссовер. Естественно, в честь родоначальника полноприводных вездеходов — американского бренда Jeep.
Вообще-то логики во всем этом не слишком много. Руководствуясь тем же принципом, все легковые машины нужно тогда называть «бенцами» — в честь Benz Motorwagen, который официально считается первым автомобилем в истории. Ну да ладно, оставим этот сложный случай на растерзание лингвистам.

Давай лучше разберемся, почему «Джип» стал «Джипом» и что означает это звонкое, легко запоминающееся слово?


Первый в мире «Джип» — Willys MB, он же Ford GPW

Самая распространенная версия звучит довольно убедительно и логично. Наверное, поэтому она и самая распространенная, хотя все равно ошибочная. Якобы «джип» — это акроним слов general purpose («общее назначение»), которые указывались в названии американского военного вездехода.

Действительно, в имени одной из версий армейского внедорожника Ford («Виллис» выпускался не только собственно фирмой «Виллис», но также и «Фордом») присутствовали буквы GPW. Но означали они совершенно другое. Буква G — это не general, а government, то есть «государственный заказ». P — тоже не purpose. В заводской фордовской классификации эта буква означала «80-дюймовую колесную базу». Наконец, W — это отсылка к фирме Willys, по документации которой и изготавливался вездеход.

Версия про «дженерал перпоз» не выдерживает критики еще и потому, что словечко «джип» появилось в армейском обиходе еще до рождения фордовского внедорожника. Американские военные порой так называли новые, неопробованные виды техники. Якобы «джипами» в свое время были даже прототипы бомбардировщиков B-17. Откуда пришло такое название? Возможно, из комиксов про любителя шпината моряка Попая, у которого была забавная зверушка по кличке Юджин Джип (Eugene the Jeep).

Но если в точном значении слова Jeep еще можно сомневаться, то дата его первого официального использования задокументирована. В газете Washington Daily News от 19 февраля 1941 года, в отчете об успешных тестах «Виллиса», один из армейских испытателей, отвечая на вопрос, как называется эта машина, просто говорит: «Это джип».

Proximate Origin of ‘Jeep’

The generally accepted origin of the name ‘jeep’, as applied to a lightweight motor vehicle and later adopted as the brand name of similar lightweight and other vehicles, is from a pronunciation of the acronym GP, which is said to stand for General Purpose. This is the etymology given by OED and hence in most of its particulars, by Etymology Online:

[from] the initials G.P. /dʒiː piː/ ‘general purpose’, probably influenced by the name ‘Eugene the Jeep’, a creature of amazing resource and power, first introduced into the cartoon strip ‘Popeye’ on 16 March 1936 by his creator E. C. Segar.

OED

Per H.L. Mencken’s rather lengthy examination of the origins of ‘jeep’ in The American Language: Supplement II (1948, pp 782-5) the etymology from GP is uncertain, at best:

Jeep seems to be authentically American, but the history of the word is almost as obscure as the history of the car itself…The first batch of seventy jeeps was produced by the Bantam Car Company in 1940…It was by then apparent that the United States would soon be in the war, and the fear that the Bantam Company might not be able to produce the new cars fast enough caused the Army to let contracts for them to other companies, including Ford. The fact that the code symbol of Ford on Army cars was GP has led to the surmise that the word jeep was born there and then, but there is no evidence for it. Nor is there any evidence that the word came from the same letters in the sense of general purpose, for the first jeeps were not called, officially, general purpose cars, but half-ton four by four command-reconnaissance cars.

Op. cit., pp 782-3, bold emphasis mine.

Mencken, as OED and so Etymology Online following him, credits E.C. Segar’s character «Eugene the Jeep» with influence on the later adoption of ‘jeep’ as the name of the car. Mencken, however, does not describe the influence of that character’s name as ‘probable’ (OED) or ‘certain’ (Etymology Online), but rather compares that influence with the likely influence of either «general purpose», or GP as the code symbol of Ford on Army cars:

It seems to be much more probable that the name [‘jeep’] was borrowed from…Eugene the Jeep.

Op. cit., p 784.

Mencken goes on to observe that «[who] first applied jeep to the new Army car is not known, but a claim has been made for a Sergeant James T. O’Brien». The evidence for that claim is «shaky», Mencken says, because the «baptism is dated 1937, when the car was still in its early experimental stage». Instead, Mencken mentions evidence (from American Notes and Queries, May, 1944, pp. 26-27, presently unavailable to me) that «an Oklahoma manufacturer named Erle Palmer Halliburton gave the name to a different car, half truck and half tractor, during [1937]».

Whatever Halliburton’s claim to first use may be, Sgt. O’Brien does have a parallel claim, not from 1937, but rather from 1940. He makes the claim himself (as published in 1944, in a letter to Minneapolis-Moline Power Implement Company), and his claim is corroborated by at least one other who was on hand for the christening:

Bon D. Grussing
Minneapolis-Moline
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Dear Sir:
 In 1940 while on maneuvers at Camp Ripley with the 109th Ordnance Company, Captain Schiska commanding, I was placed in charge of the testing of four (4) Minneapolis-Moline prime movers, which were subsequently assigned to Company A Tank Company…as reconnaissance vehicles.
 One evening in a gathering of enlisted men, it was suggested that a short descriptive name be found for these vehicles, such names as «alligators» and «swamp-rabbit.» I brought forth the name «Jeep» as a result of reading «Popeye the Sailorman» in which Eugene the Jeep appears as a character, and the fact that the vehicles would go where you would least expect them to go. This name was unanimously accepted and subsequently painted on the vehicles, which have since become familiarly known.
   Yours very truly,
(Signed) James T. O’Brien,
Acting 1st Sergeant

(From «What Those Who Know, Have to Say, About the Origin of the Real ‘Jeep'», an advertisement in the Star Tribune, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 05 Jan 1944. Paywalled.)

The claim made by O’Brien is corroborated, in another letter printed with the same full page advertisement, by no less a person than the Captain Schiska mentioned by O’Brien in his letter:

 Here are the facts in regard to the origin and the name of the «Jeep.»
 The birth of the «Jeep» really began about December, 1938. It was then decided that a pilot model be constructed for some sort of a prime mover to be used by the United States Army….
 These prime movers in question [later models than the first mentioned] were completed just prior to the Fourth Army Maneuvers in Camp Ripley, the latter part of August and the first part of September, 1940.
 It was during the Fourth Army Maneuvers that the name «Jeep» was first used by Sgt. O’Brien. I am also enclosing a roster of the Company which shows him as a bonafide member of the 109th Ordnance Company.
….
 Sgt. O’Brien was so enthusiastic about knocking down trees, going through the woods breaking trail for the tanks, and pulling stock cars loaded with horses that by accident he started to call the vehicle he was driving a «Jeep» and from that day forward the word «Jeep» had been substituted for the name of prime mover….
 The word «Jeep» was so deeply impressed upon these boys’ minds that when command cars were issued, the command car became known as a «Jeep.» It was not until early summer, 1941, that Willys-Overland Scout cars appeared in the Louisiana Maneuver district and these cars upon arrival were called «Jeeps.»
 The term «Jeep» has become so familiar in the Army today that many of the vehicles are being nicknamed «Jeep.»

No obvious reason to doubt these first-hand accounts of the proximate origin of ‘jeep’ as the name of the familiar army vehicle was revealed by my research. The gist of the accounts is proudly summed up by the original manufacturer, Minneapolis-Moline (MM):

This new MM army vehicle was not a crawler, tractor, truck nor tank, and yet it could do almost anything and it knew all the answers. Because of this, it brought to mind the Popeye cartoon figure called «JEEP» which was neither fowl nor beast…The National Guardsmen therefore named the MM vehicle the «JEEP». «The Jeep» name therefore is not a contraction of the term General Purpose (GP), and if it really had been, no doubt «Jeep would have been spelled «GEEP.»

Op. cit.

Remote Origins of ‘Jeep’

As Mencken points out, and elaborates, «jeep was in the air» at the time. Not only did Eugene the Jeep first appear in the 15 Mar 1936 E. C. Segar «Thimble Theater» comic strip (last panel of the strip is dated «3/16», yet the strip appeared in the 15 Mar 1936 Jacksonville Daily Journal, Jacksonville, Florida), but ‘jeep’ was in use 1937-1940. An article about Army slang from the 25 Nov 1940 issue of The Minneapolis Star (paywall) mentions some of the more general uses:

JEEP — Any very small plane, helicopter or gadget.

Evidence of those uses shows up in other popular press articles and publications.

Mencken particularizes some additional uses:

…the Link Trainer for aviators…a recruit…ill-fitting hats and coats…an autogiro was a jumping jeep, and the barracks where recruits were quartered was a jeep-town. In 1938 Jerome Barry reported that jeep was then in use among soda-jerkers to designate a slow and incompetent colleague, and in 1940 a writer…said that it was used among automobile finance men for «one who rides with the adjuster in order to drive back the cars repossessed.» The English, during World War II used it for a radio operator and also for a member of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve.

The American Language: Supplement II, 1948, pp 785.

My own observation is that ‘jeep’, especially in its Eugene the Jeep incarnation, has chronological, phonological, semantic and cognitive ties with the truncated oaths ‘jeez’ and ‘jeeps’, and the minced oath ‘jeepers’.

Illustrations

Early jeep photos:

jeep 1940

— The Minneapolis Star, 21 Aug 1940.

jeep 1944

— Star Tribune, 05 Jan 1944. «The original Jeep on maneuvers in 1940.»

jeep 1944-2

— Star Tribune, 05 Jan 1944. «Sergeant O’Brien at the wheel of new four-wheel Jeep.»

If you do a search on the Internet, there is a huge amount of disinformation concerning how the quarter-ton came to be called the “jeep”.  Some of the posters claim that it might have come from the slurring of the initials for “General Purpose Vehicle” or “GP”. Some go on to claim that the 1/4-ton was called a “general purpose vehicle”.  This is not true but there is truth about at least part of it.
No one can be certain about when the term “jeep” first came into common usage.  Merriam-Websters’ Online Dictionary states the jeep is “a small general-purpose motor vehicle with 80-inch wheelbase, 1/4-ton capacity, and four-wheel drive used by the U.S. Army in World War II; also : a similar but larger and more powerful U.S. army vehicle”. But they don’t explain where the word jeep is derived.
In the book, Hail To The JEEP! by A. Wade Wells, a Major E.P. Hogan is quoted as saying, “Jeep is an old Army grease-monkey term that dates back to the last war and was used by shop mechanics in referring to any new motor vehicle received for test.  In recent years the word has been used especially by the Armored Force but not in relation to the 1/4-ton.  Just when this generally used term was specifically applied to the vehicle it now describes is hard to say.”  This is the passage that Major Hogan is often cited as having writting in an article in Quartmaster Review in 1941.  Then Lieutenant Hogan wrote two articles for Quartermaster Review in 1941.  The first was entitled “The Bug” and the second was “The Story of the Quarter-Ton”.
In the first article published in the March-April 1941 issue, the vehicle is not referred to as a “jeep”.  However, other names such as, “bantam,” “puddle-jumber,” “bug” are specifically mentioned.  Other sources, like Rifkind, tell us it was also called “jeep,” “geep,” “blitz buggy,” and “leaping lena.”
In the September-October, 1941 issue of Quartermaster Review, Hogan referred to the quarter-ton as a “jeep” and a “peep”.  He does not discuss the origin of the name as is often attributed to him.
The name “Jeep” was finally associated with the quarter-ton on a world-wide basis when Katherine “Katy” Hillyer wrote an article in the Washington Daily News in February, 1941.  Irving “Red” Hausmann was demonstrating the jeep in Washington and Ms. Hillyer, a reporter, was their to cover the story.  According to Mr. Wade after the demonstration was over, she asked what was the thing called. Mr Hausmann, replied, “It’s a Jeep.” Shortly after publication in the newspaper the name “Jeep” was permanently affixed to the little vehicle…except maybe in the Armored Forces which insist that a “jeep” is a 1/2-ton Dodge Command Car.
Jeep is a registered mark of Daimler-Chrysler.  However, “jeep” is a generic term associated with all WW2 1/4-ton vehicles (and in some cases Dodge Command Cars.)

In many books and websites you see poor Lt. Hogan misquoted about where the name “jeep” came from. But he has some other interesting words as well.

An outstanding feature of the “bantam” is the success with which four wheel drive has been adapted to it. Its front axle can be used wither as a driving axle or an idling axle and, while the four-wheel drive feature in smaller vehicles is an adaptation of the Army’s usual design, in the “puddle-jumper” the resulting performance has been far greater even than anticipated. “Bugs” are built for maximum cross-country mobility – an indispensable requirement in modern warfare – which is greatly increased by having power in all four wheels.

Now Hogan was a QMC man but reading this it seems to say that the jeep wasn’t a “new” idea so much as its performance was outstanding.

Also on the Internet you can find an article by the famous “jeep” author, Ray Cowdery. I’ve known Ray for a long time and count him among my “jeep” friends. In the article, “How the jeep * got its name…..“, Ray seeks to disclose the meaning of jeep and how it became associated with the vehicle during WW2.

I know that Military Vehicle Magazine was looking for (even running a contest) evidence that during WW2 the “Jimmy” or GMC 2 1/2-ton truck was ever referred to as a “duece-and-a-half” during WW2. As far as I know no evidence has been presented.

Sure the now well known part about Ford GP, “G” for government vehicles and the “P” for 80 inch wheelbase reconnaissance. But other than Ray’s article were is there evidence that “GP” was slurred together to form jeep? Now I will admit that I am in this camp too but I have found dang little evidence.

Evidence has been found in the Army Motors of WW2:

http://www.42fordgpw.com/geep.html

May, 1941:

“Distributor shafts on the 1/4-ton 4×4 Ford ‘GEEPs’ are binding or seizing in distributor housing due to apparent lack of lubrication. This is due to the 40-12141 oiler felt inserted in the B-10141 oiler assembly in base of the GP-12124 distributor housing not allowing sufficient lubricant to seep through to keep distributor shaft properly lubricated. It is essential to remove this oiler felt immediately. Take a long pointed needle or any pointed piece of thin wire and bend a very small hook at a 90 degree angle at the pointed end and ‘fish’ out the felt in the oiler passageway. After oiler felt is removed, oiler should be filled with oil.”

And yet another tidbit!

“Parts lists and maintenance manuals for the 1941, 1/4-ton, 4×4 Ford “GEEP” have been issued as TM 1100 and TM 1101. This should read TM 10-1100 and TM 10-1101. Correct your copies and refer to them as TM 10-1100 and TM 10-1101 in all correspondence.”

Are there any other references to the Ford GP being referred to as “GEEP”?

The other reference that could tie in is that of “general purpose”.  This may be old news to some of you but the jeep was a general purpose vehicle! Now how in the world can that be you ask incredulously? Where do I come up with such heresy? After all it was a command and recon car or lightweight liaison vehicle, right? Well, I have been doing some research into some early documents.

The earliest specifications for what would become the jeep called for an armored windshield for the driver. Apparently, this was done to expedite the process of procuring the vehicle. This would put it in the Ordnance class of vehicles. And in fact it was briefly in the hands of the Ordnance Committee. After further study it was recommended to be turned over to the QM committee.

So why do I say that this is a general purpose vehicle. The Quartermaster only procured general purpose vehicles. These were in the form of either Administrative (like a staff car) or tactical (the jeep would be one of those). In fact, evidence of this is stated in AR 850-15 as quoted by Book 120 Field Artillery, Automotive Instruction, 1941 Edition:

“Classification: General-Purpose Motor Vehicles–All wheeled vehicles adapted for general hauling purposes including general cargo, ammunition, personnel, and equipment; and for towing trailers, guns, and other wheeled equipment. Examples: Cargo trucks, dump trucks, passenger vehicles, ambulances.”

“Estimates, Design, Development, Procurement, Maintenance, Storage, and Issue: By the Quartermaster Corps, except the design and development of ambulances, which will be by the Medical Department in collaboration with the Quartermaster Corps.”

The same Book 120 also defines “truck”. Trucks are “motor-propelled vehicles designed primarily for carrying cargo or equipment. They may be used for carrying personnel or for towing purposes.” Still further it provides a chart that lists the Truck, 1/4-ton, 4×4, Ford, 1941. The chart defines ‘purpose’ for us. “The purpose will be indicated by stating the general character of the body or the use for which the vehicle is designed.& The trucks maybe for “cargo, light repair, reconnaissance, dump, tank, cargo and dump, wrecking, or pick-up.” The jeep’s ( or Geep!) purpose is reconnaissance.

Herbert R. Rifkind in his The Jeep–Its Development and Procurement Under the Quartermaster Corps, 1940-1942, states that jeep while no one is certain, of course, may have been derived from general purpose. “The initial letters of the War Department’s vehicle classification, ‘general purpose‘ (G.P.), under which the 1/4-ton was listed, into a monosyllable. Credence is lent to this theory by the fact that an early spelling variation of the word was ‘geep‘.”

The other problem I see in the article by Ray is the leap of faith in what the meaning of “GPW” means. The documents displayed clearly show what “GP” means but what about the “W”. It may be “logical” but it is still just an assumption. It could easily stand for “Willys”, “War Department” or “What Happened?” for that matter. Willys because the geeps were patterned after the Willys model. War Department because the WD asked Henry to produce the Willys model. What happened? Because Ford had the deal all sewed up until the government agency “watchdog” over-ruled the QMC and awarded the contract for 16,000 standardized vehicles to Willys because they were the lowest cost.

*-The term used here and throughout my Blog or website relates to the vehicle purchased by the US Army prior to and during World War II BEFORE Willys-Overland trade-marked the name “JEEP”.  The trade-mark “JEEP” is owned by Daimler-Chrysler.  The use here is only for identification purposes.

The photograph above is from Lex Schimdt.

English[edit]

A Willys MA, an iconic World War II jeep.
A shopping jeep

Pronunciation[edit]

  • enPR: jēp, IPA(key): /d͡ʒiːp/
  • Rhymes: -iːp

Etymology 1[edit]

Derived from GP, initialism of general-purpose. Noun from General Purpose Vehicle (military light utility truck).

Adjective[edit]

jeep (not comparable)

  1. (military) Pertaining to utility or general purpose.
Derived terms[edit]
  • jeep carrier (aircraft carrier)
  • jeep (light utility truck / offroad 4WD)

Noun[edit]

jeep (plural jeeps)

  1. A small, blocky, military-style vehicle with four-wheel drive, suited to rough terrain.
  2. A light utility truck from WWII used by the U.S. Army, and subsequently turned into the trademark Jeep when civilianized by originating manufacturer Willys-Overland.
  3. (genericized trademark) A sport utility vehicle or similar four-wheel-drive vehicle.
  4. (Philippines, colloquial) Clipping of jeepney
Derived terms[edit]
  • Jeep (trademark derived from the military vehicle)
  • jeepable
  • jeeplike
  • jeepney
  • minijeep
Descendants[edit]
  • Mandarin: 吉普 (jípǔ)
  • Bikol Central: dyip
  • Cebuano: dyip
  • Czech: džíp
  • Danish: jeep
  • Esperanto: ĵipo
  • Faroese: jeppur
  • Finnish: jeeppi
  • French: jeep
  • German: Jeep
  • Hungarian: dzsip
  • Icelandic: jeppi
  • Irish: jíp
  • Italian: jeep
  • Japanese: ジープ (jīpu)
  • Polish: dżip
  • Portuguese: jipe
  • Russian: джип (džip) (see there for further descendants)
  • Serbo-Croatian: džȉp, џи̏п
  • Slovak: džíp
  • Spanish: jeep
  • Swedish: jeep
  • Tagalog: dyip
  • Tibetan: མོ་ཊ་ཇིབ (mo ṭa jib)
  • Turkish: cip
Translations[edit]

vehicle

  • Arabic: جِيب (ar) m (jīb)
  • Armenian: ջիպ (hy) (ǰip)
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 吉普 (zh) (jípǔ), 吉普車吉普车 (zh) (jípǔchē)
  • Czech: džíp m
  • Dutch: jeep (nl) m
  • Esperanto: ĵipo
  • Faroese: jeppur m
  • Finnish: jeeppi (fi)
  • French: jeep (fr) m
  • Georgian: ჯიპი (ǯiṗi)
  • German: Jeep (de) m
  • Hebrew: גִ׳יפּ
  • Hindi: जीप (hi) (jīp)
  • Hungarian: dzsip (hu)
  • Icelandic: jeppi (is) m
  • Irish: jíp m
  • Japanese: ジープ (jīpu)
  • Khmer: ហ្ស៊ីប (ziip)
  • Korean: 지프 (ko) (jipeu)
  • Malay: jip
  • Maori: tīpa
  • Marathi: जीप f (jīp)
  • Navajo: siláołtsooí bichidí
  • Persian: جیپ (fa) (jip)
  • Polish: dżip (pl) m
  • Portuguese: jipe (pt)
  • Russian: джип (ru) m (džip)
  • Serbo-Croatian: džip (sh) m
  • Slovak: džíp m
  • Spanish: jeep (es) m
  • Swedish: jeep (sv)
  • Tagalog: dyip
  • Tibetan: མོ་ཊ་ཇིབ (mo ṭa jib), ཅི་ཕུའི་ཁྲེ (ci phu’i khre)
  • Turkish: cip (tr)

Verb[edit]

jeep (third-person singular simple present jeeps, present participle jeeping, simple past and past participle jeeped)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To travel by jeep.
    • 1997, John H. Esterline, Mae H. Esterline, Innocents Abroad: How We Won the Cold War (page 272)
      From there we jeeped over extraordinarily difficult roads to Marwari City, the site of Southern Philippine University, where I had been invited to address a convocation on the subject of «College Life in the United States.»

Etymology 2[edit]

Disputed. Possibly from Eugene the Jeep, a character in Popeye cartoons.[1]

Noun[edit]

jeep (plural jeeps)

  1. (corrosion) A device for detecting discontinuity in a protective coating, also called a «holiday detector»[2]
  2. (Australia, regional) A covered shopping cart, also called a «shopping stroller».[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Delbridge, A.; Bernard, J. R. L.; Blair, D.; Ramson, W. S. and Butler, Susan (eds). 1981. The Macquarie Dictionary. Macquarie Library Pty. Ltd.
  2. ^ Lu, Q.M.; Gunnerson, C.G.; Knudsen, J.F.; French, J.A.; Eskesen, S.K.; Powers, J.T.; Shremp, F.; Segar, D.A.; Stamman, E. and Yucheng, Z. 2012. Wastewater Management for Coastal Cities: The Ocean Disposal Option. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. isbn:9783642797293 p. 166
  3. ^ Ramson, W.S. 1970. English Transported: Essays on Australasian English. Australian National University Press. isbn: 9780708106266 p.53

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English jeep. Genericized trademark.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /(d)ʒip/

Noun[edit]

jeep f (plural jeeps)

  1. jeep

Further reading[edit]

  • “jeep”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English jeep.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒip/
  • Rhymes: -ip

Noun[edit]

jeep f (invariable)

  1. jeep

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English jeep. Genericized trademark.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʐip/
  • Rhymes: -ip
  • Syllabification: jeep

Noun[edit]

jeep m inan

  1. Alternative spelling of dżip

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • jeep in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • jeep in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French jeep.

Noun[edit]

jeep n (plural jeepuri)

  1. jeep

Declension[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unadapted borrowing from English jeep.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝip/ [ˈɟ͡ʝip]
  • IPA(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃip/ [ˈʃip]
  • IPA(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒip/ [ˈʒip]
  • Rhymes: -ip

Noun[edit]

jeep f (plural jeeps)

  1. jeep

Usage notes[edit]

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading[edit]

  • “jeep”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English jeep.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Rhymes: -iːp

Noun[edit]

jeep c

  1. jeep

Declension[edit]

Declension of jeep 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative jeep jeepen jeepar jeeparna
Genitive jeeps jeepens jeepars jeeparnas

Derived terms[edit]

  • jeepdunk (jerry can)
"Jeep", "quad" or "bantam" -- regardless of the name, the famous army utility vehicle was everywhere in World War Two. (Image source: WikiCommons)
“Jeep,” “quad” or “bantam” — regardless of the name, the famous army utility vehicle was everywhere in World War Two. (Image source: WikiCommons)

“The origin of the word ‘jeep’ is still mired in controversy, even 75 years after the first models rolled off assembly lines.”

IF HISTORIANS COULD pick a single piece of military hardware to symbolize the whole of the Second World War, they’d be hard pressed to come up with a better choice than the beloved Jeep.

U.S. factories produced nearly 650,000 of the ubiquitous utility vehicles between 1941 and 1945 – that’s nearly 500 a day for the duration of America’s participation in the conflict. Each one cost Uncle Sam about $650. At that price, Jeeps were a real bargain, particularly when considering that a single Thompson sub-machine gun went for $200.

The 2,000-pound, four-wheel-drive runabout was the embodiment of the word workhorse. Jeeps performed a seemingly endless array of jobs everywhere Allied soldiers fought. From medevac duties in Pacific jungles and armed reconnaissance in North Africa to towing artillery on the Russian Front, jeeps literally did it all and more.

In fact, the legendary machines have carved out such an indelible niche in the public’s consciousness, few today even stop to think about the vehicle’s peculiar-sounding name and where it came from. Yet interestingly enough, the origin of the word “jeep” is still mired in controversy, even 75 years after the first models rolled off assembly lines.

Nearly 650,000 jeeps were manufactured during World War Two.

Nearly 650,000 jeeps were manufactured during World War Two.

Meet the Jeep

What’s not up for debate is the fact that the word “jeep” wasn’t the original designation for the vehicle. In fact, the now-generic moniker didn’t even become an official brand name until 1950 — well after the earliest post-war civilian variants had hit the market.

At the time of the jeep’s initial adoption by the War Department (ten months prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor), the compact utility vehicle was known simply as the Willys-Overland Model MB, after the now-defunct Toledo-based automaker Willys Knight. Subsequent variants manufactured on contract by Ford were designated Model GPW. The army unimaginatively referred to the machines as “Truck, 1/4 ton, 4×4.” [1]

"Meet the Jeep" wrote Scientific American in early 1942. "The United States Army's answer to Schicklegruber's Panzer divisions."

“Meet the Jeep” wrote Scientific American in early 1942. “The United States Army’s answer to Schicklegruber’s Panzer divisions.”

Early nicknames for prototype models were numerous. They included “bantam,” “pygmy” and “quad.”

The first known use of the word “jeep” to describe the box-like vehicle appeared in The Washington Daily News on Feb. 19, 1941.[1] That’s when Willys officials demonstrated the new scout car’s impressive off-road capabilities to Congress by driving a presentation model right up the steps of the Capitol building (see picture). In an article covering the spectacle, journalist Katharine Hillyer reported that GIs who had already worked with the new experimental machine had christened it “the jeep.” The name stuck.

But why “jeep”?

A tank-killing jeep is equipped with a 37-mm gun. (Image source: WikiCommons)

A tank-killing jeep is equipped with a 37-mm gun. (Image source: WikiCommons)

Disputed Name

The most often cited explanation is that “jeep” is a derivative of the initials “GP,” which supposedly stand for “general purpose.” Even the Willys’ own wartime president said as much. [2] Yet skeptics argue that the full acronym “GPW” was only applied to Ford versions of the machine and that the first two letters didn’t stand for “general purpose” at all. The “G” denoted “government,” while the “P” was used only to classify the vehicle’s roughly six-and-a-half foot wheelbase. Incidentally, the third letter, “W,” was in reference to Willys being the original manufacturer. [3]

Furthermore, the word “jeep” actually pre-dates the famous 4×4 by several years — a fact that all but destroys the widely held GP theory.

In 1936, cartoonist E.C. Segar’s introduced a magical teleporting dog called “Eugene the Jeep” in his popular Thimble Theatre comic strip. In fact, the four-legged critter was the pet and sidekick of the famed cartoon sailor Popeye (here’s an animated short circa 1940 featuring the make-believe canine). Some posit that GIs were probably big fans of the character and appropriated the name for the army’s bouncy new scout car, perhaps because it reminded them of the nimble, trans-dimensional travelling pooch. [4]

Popeye’s pet, Eugene the Jeep.

Interestingly, E.C. Segar didn’t even coin the word “jeep.” It had reportedly been floating around U.S. Army motor pools as far back as 1914. [5] First World War-era doughboys were known to refer to any army utility truck or car by the slang term “jeep.” But why that word? No one seems to know. Incidentally, “jeep” was also applied to 1930s-era tractors, as well as pre-1941 bombers and even warships [6] – small navy escort flattops were dubbed “jeep carriers.”

But with the widespread use of the Willys 4×4 during the Second World War, all other uses of the word jeep soon fell by the wayside.

According to one etymologist, there are even still more common (albeit dubious) explanations for the origins of the word:

  • “Jeep” may have been a variation of the word “cheap,” in reference to the Willy MB’s low cost. Unlikely.
  • It could also be an abbreviation for the expression “jeepers” — shorthand for the expletive “Jesus!” — which is supposedly what U.S. Army general George Lynch yelled out during a particularly bouncy off-road test-drive in the car’s prototype phase. An interesting story, but unverifiable.
  • Another explanation is that jeep is actually an acronym for “just enough essential parts,” a nod to the simplicity and reliability of the vehicle. Again, fun but doubtful.

(Originally published in MilitaryHistoryNow.com on Nov. 7, 2014)

Sources:
http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-jee1.htm
http://olive-drab.com/od_mvg_www_jeeps_origin_term.php
http://www.allpar.com/SUVs/wrangler/jeep-name.html
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/meet-the-jeep/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep#Development
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeep#Ford_Pygmy_and_Willys_MB
http://www.kaiserwillys.com/about_willys_jeep_mb_history_specs

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