Is have a short vowel word

As far as I can tell, the pronunciation of have evolved irregularly.

In Old English, have did have a short vowel, but so did many other words that are now pronounced with «long a.» So the difference in modern pronunciation cannot be explained by Old English vowel length.

The reason «have» is pronounced with a short rather than a long vowel seems to be that the word is often unstressed.

Old English vowel length: short «a» in both have and crave

Old English had a contrast in pronunciation between long and short vowels. They were generally not written differently by Old English scribes, but in modern transcriptions we usually mark the long vowels by writing a horizontal line above them, called a macron.

This contrast helps explain certain ambiguities of Modern English spelling, such as the difference in pronunciation between the verb live, from the Old English verb libban with a short vowel, and the adjective alive, from a preposition followed by an inflected form of the Old English noun līf «life» with a long vowel.

The Old English ancestor of have, the verb habban, did have a short vowel in all of its inflected forms. But the thing is, the Old English ancestors of shave, crave, stave, wave and knave also had short vowels (the Oxford English Dictionary gives the relevant Old English forms as sceafan, crafian, stafas, wafian and cnafa respectively). In fact, the modern English «long a» sound /eɪ/ does not regularly correspond with any Old English long vowel: old English ā generally became «long o» /oʊ/, and Old English ǣ and ēa generally became «long e» /iː/. (The evolution of the word gave seems a bit more confusing, so I’ve placed it at the bottom of this post.)

So it doesn’t seem to me that Old English vowel length can explain the origin of the difference in modern English between the pronunciation of have (with /æv/) and all of the other words ending in -ave (with /eɪv/).

Middle English vowel length: open-syllable lengthening of some «a»

Many vowels that were short in Old English were lengthened at some time during Middle English due to open syllable lengthening. This is how «long a» generally developed in native English words: from open-syllable lengthening of Old English short a /ɑ/, æ /æ/, or ea /æɑ/ (as I said above, Old English long ā generally became /oʊ/ and ǣ and ēa generally became /iː/, outside of shortening environments). This is why we use the «long a» sound /eɪ/ in shave, crave, wave and knave.

This lengthening would not apply to a vowel before a doubled consonant, but it seems the Old English infinitive form habban ended up losing its double consonant due to analogical leveling, resulting in the Middle English form haven (the ancestor of modern English have). We would expect lengthening to apply to the «a» in Middle English haven since it is in a stressed, penultimate open syllable.

And in fact, we do see a long vowel in the word behave, which is etymologically derived from have. I was also able to find some historical spellings in the Oxford English Dictionary entry on have that suggest pronunciations with a long vowel, such as haive.

Otto Jespersen’s 1907 analysis of John Hart’s pronunciation of English (1569-1570) further supports the idea that «have» used to have a strong form with a long vowel. Jespersen says

Hart’s advanced standpoint is shown also in his
definite recognition of what has been called in our times
the «phonetics of the sentence.» He sometimes writes
long and sometimes short i in the words me, he, she, we,
he, the short vowel being evidently meant for those cases
in which the words were weakly stressed in the sentence.
While the same duality is still found in these words,
only one form survives in the word have, where Hart
makes a similar distinction; Hart’s long-vowel form ha·v
is, however, still preserved in modern behave and in the
vulgar (h)aint, when that stands for have not. Cf. also
remark on there, etc., § 14. (p. 14)

A possible explanation for short «a» in current have: lack of stress

Since a pronunciation of have with the «long a» vowel evidently existed historically, and the word is of similar form to many other words that always are pronounced with a long vowel, it doesn’t seem the current pronunciation with the «short a» vowel /æ/ can be explained by either the Old English vowel length, or any other phonemic property of the Old English word.

Rather, as Jespersen indicates, it seems likely its development was related to sentence-level stress: the word have is a commonly used «function word» that is often unstressed. This makes the vowel more prone to be short (it may either resist lengthening, or it may re-shorten after being lengthened). For example, in modern English the vowel of unstressed have is often reduced to schwa /ə/ or dropped altogether in some environments (as in the contractions I’ve, they’ve).

This explanation also seems to be consistent with the Oxford English Dictionary’s entry on have, which says that

The development of the word within English shows various kinds of
reduction under low stress, especially in use in periphrastic
constructions and as auxiliary

By the way, I’m not saying these kind of irregular developments are restricted to function words, just that they’re more common in these circumstances. Other commonly-used words may also develop irregularly. Piotr Gąsiorowski has written a good blog post about this sort of thing: «The Little Lambs Who Lost Their Way: Lexical Exceptions». I will quote a paragraph:

It is worth observing that high-frequency verbs often display irregular phonetic simplification, possibly because sloppy pronunciations are easier to tolerate in words more or less predictable from the context. Note the […] unexpected short vowel of says and said, does and done, as well as been (pronounced like bin in American English). Been, said, does, done, says, and gone (in that order) are all among the 500 most frequently occurring English word-forms.

Comparision with other words with short vowels before «v»

Like the original poster, I have been unable to find any other word that is spelled with -ave but pronounced with /æv/. I looked for words that rhyme with have using «RhymeZone,» and the only rhymes I could find that descend from Old English were calve, halve and salve, which are spelled differently and had a different historical development.

Some comments have mentioned other words spelled with different vowel letters before -ve, such as give and live. Interestingly, it seems that the identity of the vowel actually did historically make a difference as to whether it was lengthened or not—according to the Wikipedia article I linked to above, open syllable lengthening of originally short “i” only occurred occasionally, and when Old English short «i» did lengthen, it became what is in modern English «long e» (as in the words week and weevil) not modern English «long i.» So modern English words spelled with -ive and pronounced with a long vowel (such as hive, alive, five, dive) are in general either from Old English words that already had long vowels, or from later borrowings from French into Middle English.

Words with two syllables, such as gavel and navel, also have another reason for having less predictable vowel length in general than monosyllables ending in «silent e»: two-syllable words are often descended from Middle English words that had some forms with three syllables, which could be affected by the process of «trisyllabic laxing.» This is summarized by the article «Middle English Quantity Changes – Further Squibs» by Attila Starčević.

the evolution of «gave» seems to be a bit complicated

I did find a post on Reddit saying that Modern English gave descends from an Old English form with a long vowel.

But actually, I don’t think this is correct, since as far as I know there are no Old English long vowels that evolved to modern English «long a» /eɪ/. Old English long ā, when the length was preserved, regularly evolved to modern English /oʊ/ (as in stone /stoʊn/, from Old English stān) and Old English long ǣ or ēa, when the length was preserved, generally evolved to Modern English «long e» /iː/ (as in seed, from Old English sǣd).

Wiktionary at least says that the past tense forms of ġiefan, the Old English cognate to give, had a mix of long and short vowels: 1st- and 3rd-person singular ġeaf, 2nd-person singular ġēafe, and plural ġēafon. The past tense forms with the long vowel ēa do not seem to have survived to modern English, and if they had, the regular development as far as I can tell would be to /iː/, not /eɪ/.

The word gave seems to be descended instead from the form ġeaf with a short vowel ea or æ (whether the vowel in this word was pronounced as the short diphthong /æɑ/ or a short monophthong /æ/ doesn’t seem to be totally clear, but the outcome would be the same either way because /æɑ/ and /æ/ merged in later stages of English). The «e» at the end was apparently added sometime in Middle English, something I found out while researching my answer to the following question: Why has “sware” become “swore”, “bare” “bore”, etc?

A vowel is a letter that represents a sound produced in a way. The vowels in English language are a, e, i, o, u and y few times. The list of vowel words for scrabble, words with friends and other word games is here. Players can obtain words as per their choices by using Word Finder and Unscramble Words Tools. Just give the required information and hit the search words button.

Short and Long Vowel Words in English

In general, people can get frustrated when they see all words with only vowels. Adding consonants to the vowels makes sense. The combination of vowels and consonants can make successful at crossword games. If you need ranks, then go for vowels and consonants combination.

The list of various Vowel Words are included here:

2 Letter Vowel Words

• Ay
• Oy
• Ya
• Ye
• Yi
• Yo
• Ou
• Aa
• Ae
• Ai
• Ee
• Eo
• Io
• Oe
• Oi
• Oo

3 Letter Words

• Yay
• You
• Aye
• Eye
• Yea
• Eau

4 Letter Words

• Yoyo

Short A Words

Short “a” words are pronounced like the “a” vowel is in “cat” or “tag”.

Short “a” words include:

• Ab
• Apt
• Fab
• Cab
• Tab
• Jab
• Gab
• Lab
• Nab
• Dab
• Crab
• Slab
• Fad
• Dad
• Lad
• Pad
• Sad
• Mad
• Rad
• Tad
• Bad
• Gas
• Cap
• Lap
• Tap
• Map
• Gap
• Rap
• Nap
• Zap
• App
• Slap
• Clap
• Fan
• Van
• Man
• Tan
• Ran
• Pan
• Ban
• Glass
• Mass
• Class
• Sass
• Fast
• Mast
• Past
• Ramp
• Stamp
• Lamp
• Damp
• Hand
• Band
• Stand
• Snack
• Shack
• Lack
• Knack
• Hack
• Slack
• Pack
• Rack
• Back
• Tack
• Stack
• Smack
• Quack
• Rat
• Mat
• Pat
• Fat
• Hat
• Cat
• Chat
• Slat

Short E Words

Short “e” words are pronounced like the “e” vowel is in “beg” or “led”.

Short “e” words include:

• Red
• Med
• Led
• Fed
• Sled
• Bed
• Head
• Tread
• Jet
• Met
• Net
• Wet
• Set
• Yet
• Tent
• Cent
• Pent
• Lent
• Rent
• Dent
• Scent
• Men
• Hen
• Ten
• Lense
• Sense
• Dense
• Defense
• Spend
• Lend
• Mend
• Tend
• End
• Defend
• Trend
• Send
• Fell
• Smell
• Tell
• Well
• Yell
• Hell
• Web
• Vest
• Test
• West
• Jest
• Rest
• Pest
• Chest
• Lest

Short I Words

Short “i” words are pronounced like the “i” vowel is in “bit” or “din”.

Short “i” words include:

• Rid
• Mid
• Lid
• Id
• Kid
• Hid
• Bid
• Lip
• Clip
• Sip
• Rip
• Tip
• Nip
• Dip
• Whip
• Big
• Wig
• Pig
• Hit
• Bit
• Writ
• Lit
• Fit
• Sit
• Pit
• Nit
• Mitt
• Silk
• Milk
• Win
• Tin
• Twin
• Pin
• Lint
• Glint
• Flint
• Mint
• Fill
• Pill
• Till
• Hill
• Gill
• Dill
• Mill
• Bill
• Chill
• Sill
• Will
• Nil
• Rim
• Dim
• Whim
• Trim
• Fib
• Rib
• Sib
• Whip
• Thick
• Quick
• Sick
• Stick
• Pick
• Lick
• Trick
• Slick
• Quit

Short O Words

Short “o” words are pronounced like the “o” vowel is in “hot” or “job”.

Short “o” words include:

• Cod
• Rod
• God
• Bod
• Pod
• Nod
• Odd
• Off
• Jot
• Pot
• Cot
• Rot
• Tot
• Dot
• Hot
• Not
• Lot
• Got
• Clot
• Trot
• Blot
• Nob
• Job
• Mob
• Rob
• Sob
• Lob
• Cob
• Box
• Ox
• Pox
• Rock
• Sock
• Mock
• Knock
• Lock
• Dock
• Log
• Dog
• Bog
• Hog
• Cog
• On
• Pond
• Con
• Don
• Stop
• Shop
• Drop
• Cop
• Mop
• Hop
• Bop
• Sop
• Top
• Plop
• Mom

Short U Words

Short “u” words are pronounced like the “u” vowel is in “bug” or “rut”.

Short “u” words include:

• Sub
• Tub
• Pub
• Rub
• Dub
• Cub
• Hub
• Nub
• Mud
• Dud
• Sud
• Bud
• Cut
• Rut
• But
• Gut
• Nut
• Jut
• Mutt
• Rum
• Chum
• Bum
• Gum
• Lump
• Jump
• Pump
• Plump
• Trump
• Rump
• Dump
• Bump
• Cuff
• puff
• Hug
• Mug
• Rug
• Tug
• Dug
• Bug
• Gun
• Bun
• Sun
• Fun
• Pun
• Run
• Crust
• Rust
• Dust
• Must
• Lust
• Trust
• Cuss
• Muss
• Fuss
• Bus
• Runt
• Punt
• Hunt
• Fund

FAQ’s on Vowel Words

1. What are the rules of vowels?

Every syllable of every word has at least 1 vowel sound. A vowel can stand alone in a syllable. It can also be surrounded by consonants.

2. Why vowels are important?

Vowels act as a basis for reading and writing English. Try to string a line of consonants and ask your friends to make sense of what they see. They will realize that vowels give meanings to words and generate patterns that assist their ability to read correctly.

3. Which word has all 6 vowels?

The unique word which has all 6 vowels is aeriously.

4. What are 5 vowels in English?

Five vowels in English are A, E, I, O, U and sometimes Y.

Conclusion

We are hoping that the information enclosed here about Vowel Words is helpful for the students in some or another way. Keep in touch with our site to know more updates on Word Finder.

The English alphabet contains only 26
letters. However, this number of letters makes 44 sound (sounds). All
the letters of the English language are divided into two groups: vowels (vowels) and
consonants (consonants). Quantitatively,
the first group is much less than the second. 20 consonants and 6 vowels.
Here are the letters that represent vowels: a, e, i, o, u and, in some
instances, y. It should also be remembered
that sound — that’s what we hear, and the letter — a sign that represents a
specific sound.

English language has many
vowel sounds. These are generally divided into two categories: short vowel
sounds and long vowel sounds. Although there are many exceptions, there are a
few general rules that apply to short and long vowel sounds. The vowels in
English are pronounced with the mouth open.

Why “long” and
“short”?

The terms long and
short were most likely borrowed from Latin and Greek grammars.  You see, at
one time, all Latin vowels came in pairs.  These pairs were different not in
sound, but in duration; that is, the long a was actually held longer
than its short counterpart.

These vowels can represent a variety
of sounds. The length and the sound of a vowel can change according to its
position in a word and the pronunciation of that word. Vowels can be
classified into long and short vowels based on their length. The main
difference between long and short vowels is that long vowels have a long
sound whereas short vowels have a short sound

To write is to be able to read a particular
word or letter, there is a phonetic transcription. It is a system of signs,
each of which expresses a sound.

Английский алфавит содержит только 26 букв. Однако это
количество букв составляет 44 звука (звуков).  Все буквы английского языка
разделены на две группы: гласные (гласные) и согласные (согласные).
Количественно первая группа намного меньше второй. 20 согласных и гласных
всех 6. Вот буквы, которые представляют гласные: a, e, i, o, u и, в некоторых случаях, y.. Следует также помнить, что звук — вот что мы слышим, а
буква — знак, представляющий конкретный звук.

В английском языке есть много гласных звуков. Они обычно
делятся на две категории: короткие гласные звуки и длинные звуки гласных.
Хотя есть много исключений, существует несколько общих правил, применимых к
короткому и длинному гласным звукам. Гласные на английском языке произносятся
с открытым ртом.

Почему «длинный» и «короткий»?

Термины длинные и короткие, скорее всего, заимствованы из
латинских и греческих грамматик. Понимаете, в то время, как вы видите, все
латинские гласные попадали парами. Эти пары были разными не по звуку, а по
продолжительности; Т. Е. Длинный а фактически удерживался дольше, чем его
короткая копия.

Длина и звук гласного могут меняться в соответствии с его
положением в слове и произношением этого слова. Гласные можно
классифицировать на длинные и короткие гласные на основе их длины. Основное
различие между длинными и короткими гласными состоит в том, что длинные
гласные имеют длинный звук, тогда как короткие гласные имеют короткий звук.

 Писать — это прочитать определенное слово или письмо, есть
фонетическая транскрипция. Это система знаков, каждая из которых выражает
звук

Short
Vowel Spelling

Короткая гласная

Although English spelling
patterns are difficult and usually contain many exceptions, there are a few
general rules that differentiate short and long vowel sounds. Words with only
one vowel, especially when they are sandwiched between two consonants, often
produce a short vowel sound, such as dog, tin or well. Short vowels are also
usually seen when they appear in isolation at the beginning of a word, such
as ant, up or end.

 

Хотя английские шаблоны правописания сложны и обычно содержат
множество исключений, существует несколько общих правил, которые различают
короткие и длинные гласные звуки. Слова с только одним гласным, особенно
когда они зажаты между двумя согласными, часто производят короткий гласный
звук, такой как собака, олово или колодец. Короткие гласные также обычно
правильны, когда они появляются изолированно в начале слова, например,
муравей, вверх или конец.

Short
Vowel Pronunciation

Короткое гласное произношение

As the name would imply,
short vowels have a much shorter pronunciation than long vowel sounds. Short
vowels produce only one sound and do not require the speaker to open his
mouth very wide. The speaker’s jaw is relaxed and barely moves during the
production of short vowel sounds. The speaker’s tongue is placed in different
positions but is also usually relaxed. Short vowels can occur in stressed
syllables, such as «o» in offer, or unstressed syllables, like the
first «o» in tomato.

Examples of short vowels in the English language:

o   
pot — the pot

o   
cup — mug

o   
pencil — Pencil

o   
map — the map

o   
mother — mother

Short vowels are the opposite of long vowels; they produce a short
vowel sound. A short vowel sound is produced when the vowel in a syllable is
followed by a consonant. This type of syllable is called a closed syllable.
Thus, short vowels are caused by closed syllables. Unlike in long vowels, the
vowel sound of short vowels is not similar to the name of the vowel.

Как следует из названия, короткие гласные имеют гораздо более
короткое произношение, чем длинные звуки гласных. Короткие гласные производят
только один звук и не требуют, чтобы динамик широко раскрывал рот. Челюсть
говорящего расслаблена и едва движется во время производства коротких звуков
гласных. Язык говорящего размещен в разных положениях, но также обычно
расслаблен. Короткие гласные могут встречаться в ударных слогах, таких как «o» в предложении, или безударные слоги, как и первый «о» в
томате.

Примеры коротких гласных на английском языке:

O горшок — горшок

O чашка — кружка

O pensil — Карандаш

O map — карта

Мать — мать

Короткие гласные противоположны длинным гласным; Они
производят короткий гласный звук. Короткий гласный звук создается, когда
гласный в слоге с последующим согласным. Этот тип слога называется закрытым
слогом. Таким образом, короткие гласные вызваны закрытыми слогами. В отличие
от длинных гласных, гласный звук коротких гласных не похож на имя гласного.

Long Vowel
Spelling

Длинные гласные

A long vowel has a long sound. A long
vowel sounds like the name of its vowel. For example, the letter ‘a’ in aim
is pronounced as  /ā:/, or “ayy. The five long vowel sounds in the English
language are

‘a’ as in name

‘e’ as in eat

‘i’ as in wine

‘o’ as in go

‘u’ as in human

Given below are some words that
contain long vowel sounds.

A: ape, lake, name, date, rain

E: deep, heed, eat, feet, feel

I: wine, bite, hide, kite, ice,

O: oak, boat, long, soak, hope

U: mule, fuse, unite, cube

Long vowel sounds have more
complicated spelling patterns and more exceptions than short vowel sounds.
Words that end with a silent e, such as bake, lone or mule, often produce
longer sounds.

Another common spelling
pattern for long vowel sounds is two vowel sounds placed together, for
example: root, oaf or through. Many long vowel sounds also occur when there
is one vowel at the end of words, such as do, why or go. Many o or i sounds
followed by two or more consonants, such as cold or might, also produce long
vowel sounds.

Длинный гласный имеет длинный звук. Длинный гласный звучит как
название его гласного. Например, буква «а» в цели произносится как / ā :/,
или «ayy. Пять длинных гласных звуков на английском языке

‘A’, как во имя

‘E’, как в еде

«Я», как в вине

‘O’, как в go

‘U’, как в человеческом

Ниже приведены некоторые слова, содержащие длинные звуки
гласных.

A: обезьяна, озеро, имя, дата, дождь

E: глубокий, внимательный, есть, ноги, чувствовать

I: вино, укус, шкура, кайт, лед,

O: дуб, лодка, длинная, впитывающая, надежда

U: мул, плавкий предохранитель, объединение, куб

Длинные гласные звуки имеют более сложные шаблоны орфографии и
больше исключений, чем короткие звуки гласных. Слова, которые заканчиваются
тихим е, например, испечением, одиноким или мулом, часто производят более
длинные звуки.

Другим распространенным шаблоном орфографии для длинных
гласных звуков являются два гласных звука, размещаемых вместе, например: root, oaf или through. Многие длинные гласные звуки также возникают, когда в конце
слов есть одна гласная, например, делать, почему или идти. Многие звуки o или i, за которыми следуют две или более
гласных, такие как холод или мощь, также производят длинные звуки гласных.

Long Vowel Pronunciation

Many long vowel sounds are
diphthongs, which combine two short vowel sounds into one long sound. Long
vowel sounds require the speaker to move the mouth from a closed position to
an open one or vice-versa. The speaker’s tongue glides into position during
pronunciation and is often tense. When pronounced, long vowel sounds share
the same pronunciation as vowels when they are pronounced as part of the
alphabet.

Examples of long vowels in the English language:

father — Dad

bee — bee

dawn — dawn

soon — soon

Длительное гласное произношение

Многие длинные гласные звуки — дифтонги, которые сочетают два
коротких звуковых сигнала в один длинный звук. Длинные гласные звуки требуют,
чтобы динамик переместил рот из закрытого положения в открытое или наоборот.
Язык говорящего скользит в позиции во время произношения и часто напряжен.
Когда произносится, длинные гласные звуки разделяют одно и то же произношение
как гласные, когда они произносятся как часть алфавита.

Примеры длинных гласных на английском языке:

отец — папа

Пчела — пчела

Рассвет — рассвет

Скоро
— скоро

Depending
on their position in the word and the pronunciation of that word, the length
of the vowel can change and have a different sound. Not all letters make the
same sound in all words, and that’s what vowel length is about.

    The easiest way to remember the
difference between short and long vowels is by remembering the rule about
long vowels, specifically. If a word with a certain vowel in it says the name
of the vowel, then that vowel is making a “long” sound. By “name” we mean,
the name of the actual letter. When we look at “a” we pronounce it /ā/,
or “ayy.” This is the first letter of the alphabet, and when looking at the
isolated letter, we’ll refer to it by its name: the way we say it when we
begin to recite the alphabet. This is known as a long vowel sound, because it
says the “name” of the letter. The same goes for the other vowels.

A short vowel sound is a vowel sound that
does not follow this rule. When reading a word that uses a
short vowel sound, we will say the sound that the letter can make that
is not its actual name. So in the case of “A,” the word
“main” might have a long “A” sound because we pronounce the “A” as /ā/,
whereas the word “man” has a short vowel sound.

В зависимости от их положения в слове и произношения этого
слова длина гласного может меняться и иметь другой звук. Не все буквы
произносят одинаковый звук во всех словах, и это то, о чем идет речь о
гласных.

      Самый простой способ запомнить разницу между короткими и
длинными гласными — это помнить правило о длинных гласных, в частности. Если
слово с определенной гласной в нем говорит имя гласного, тогда эта гласная
делает «длинный» звук. Под «именем» мы подразумеваем название фактического
письма. Когда мы смотрим на «а», мы произносим его / ā / или «ayy». Это первая буква алфавита, и, глядя на изолированное
письмо, мы будем называть его его именем: так, как мы говорим Это когда мы
начинаем читать алфавит. Это известно как длинный гласный звук, потому что он
говорит «имя» письма. То же самое касается и других гласных.

Короткий гласный звук — это гласный звук, который не следует
этому правилу. При чтении слова, которое использует короткий гласный звук,
скажет звук, который письмо может сделать, это не его фактическое имя.
Поэтому в случае «A» слово «main» может иметь длинный звук «A», потому что мы произносим «A» как / ā /, тогда как слово «человек» имеет короткий гласный
звук.

However, some letters have
more than two sounds. The word ‘amalgamation’ has four of the letter A, but
only two of them are pronounced the same way. While the second and fourth
have the normal long and short A sounds – the second being the short A, and
the fourth is the long A – the first and third have an ‘uh’ sound. The ‘io’
at the end of the word also has an ‘uh’ sound.

Однако некоторые буквы имеют более двух звуков. Слово
«амальгамация» имеет четыре буквы буквы А, но только два из них произносятся
одинаково. В то время как второй и четвертый имеют нормальные длинные и
короткие звуки A, второй — короткий A, а четвертый — длинный A — первый и
третий имеют звук «uh». «Io» в конце слова также имеет звук «uh».

When a vowel has more than
two possible sounds, it makes sense to compare them by saying which one is
longer. For instance, while the rounded ‘ah’ sound is considered the short O
sound, it is still longer than the short A, which is a flat ‘ah’. Specifying how
much longer one sound is can help to distinguish them when explaining how to
pronounce the vowels in a written word. This
is especially important because of English pronunciation rules.

Когда гласный имеет более двух возможных звуков, имеет смысл
сравнить их, указав, какой из них длиннее. Например, хотя закругленный звук
«ah» считается коротким звуком O, он еще длиннее короткого A, который
является плоским «ах». Указание того, насколько длиннее один звук, может
помочь отличить их при объяснении того, как произносить гласные в письменном
слове. Это особенно важно из-за правил английского произношения.

There are no rules that
apply for every single word, without exception, in the English language. For
one thing, many English words were originally loanwords. French and Latin
were major contributors to the language and a lot of words were taken from
them. The problem is that the Italic languages have a different way of
pronouncing what they write than Germanic. What makes that worse is that
there are a few cases where the spelling of the word was taken, but not the
pronunciation. Another complication is the various accents in English. For
example, Americans would probably pronounce the word ‘can’t’ with a short A
sound, while someone speaking Received Pronunciation English would use the
short O sound.

На английском языке нет правил, которые применяются для
каждого отдельного слова без исключения. Во-первых, многие английские слова
были изначально заимствованиями. Французы и латыни были главными вкладчиками
в язык, и из них было взято много слов. Проблема в том, что языковые языки
имеют другой способ произнести то, что они пишут, чем германские. Что еще
хуже, так это то, что есть несколько случаев, когда написание слова было
принято, но не произношение. Еще одно осложнение — это различные акценты на
английском языке. Например, американцы, вероятно, произнесли бы слово «не
может» с коротким звуком А, в то время как кто-то, говорящий на Английском
языке, произнесенный на английском языке, использовал бы короткий звук O.

With all that in mind,
pronouncing a word based on how it is spelled can be tricky. One of the more
obvious rules is that the vowel is long when there is a silent E on the end.
Like above, ‘not’ and ‘note’ have different vowel pronunciations. However,
the E on the end of ‘note’ is not pronounced. It is just there to show how
the O is said. When there is a silent E on the end of a word, it is a good
bet that the vowel just before it is a long vowel.

Similarly, there are times
when more than one vowel is stacked together, such as in ‘ceiling’. When
there is more than one vowel together, it is much more likely that both of
them join together to form a long sound. There are still exceptions to that,
like in ‘science’. Both vowels are pronounced there. When the double vowel
begins with A or E, then they are much more likely to say their name.

Имея это в виду, произнесение слова, основанного на том, как
оно написано, может быть сложным. Одним из наиболее очевидных правил является
то, что гласный длинный, когда в конце есть тихий E. Как и выше, «нет» и
«примечание» имеют разные произношения гласных. Однако E на конце
«примечания» не произносится. Здесь просто показать, как говорят О. Когда в
конце слова есть тихий E, это хорошая ставка, что гласная перед длинным
гласным.

Точно так же бывают случаи, когда более одного гласного
сложены вместе, например, в «потолке». Когда есть более одного гласного
вместе, гораздо более вероятно, что оба они объединяются, чтобы сформировать
длинный звук. До сих пор есть исключения, как в «науке». Оба гласных
произносится там. Когда двойная гласная начинается с A или E, они гораздо
чаще говорят свое имя.

Overall, English is a
confusing language and sometimes it’s very difficult to match spellings with
pronunciations. This is why vowel length is specified for some words.

To summarise, vowel length
is based on the perceived length of the vowel sound. In English, all vowels
are named after their long sound, so the long vowels say their names. The
rest of the time, they are shorter sounds, but they can cover more than one
short sound.

В целом, английский язык запутанный, и иногда очень сложно
сопоставить слова с произношениями. Вот почему для некоторых слов задается
длина гласного.

Резюмируя, длина гласных основывается на воспринимаемой длине
гласного звука. На английском языке все гласные названы согласно  долгим
звукам, поэтому длинные гласные дали  им имена. В остальное время они
короткие звуки, но они могут охватывать более одного короткого звука.

Short
Vowel a

Short Vowel «a» Lesson Series: In the «Phonics Short
Vowel a Lesson Series (7 Lessons)» we will be studying three letter
rhyming words, with the pattern, «Consonant-Vowel-Consonant.» These
can be classified into the following word families:

-at word family

-an word family

-ad word family

-ap word family

-ag word family

-am word family

-ab word family

Phonetic Skills (Spatial): Kids sometimes can pronounce the sound of
the individual letters, but usually, have a hard time, in connecting the three
sounds to form a word. Use CVC words with short a such as cat, bat, hat, man,
ran, dad, lad, dam, ram, cap, cab and fan to teach blending of sounds with help of flashcards. In all the phonics videos, we have included the spatial
movement of letters to form a word. This helps in visual stimulation and proper
understanding of blending of sounds. The lessons also include three letters
blending, as well as sentence writing.

Short Vowels: These are the first set of sounds
introduced to students in phonics classes. These are generally introduced
before the long vowel sounds are taught.

Rule: Usually when a vowel (a,e, i,o, or u)
is present in the beginning (VC words) or between two consonants (CVC words) in
a word that contains only one vowel, this vowel often makes the short vowel
sound. Example: an, at, can, dad, rat, fan, cab, scab, flap, nap, black, snack,
rack, etc. Exceptions are always there. The above rule is applicable to the
three letter rhyming words formed by the short vowels and represented as word
families.

Short Vowel a Pronunciation: To say this sound, lower your jaw and open
your mouth widely, with the tip of your tongue touching the bottom of your
front teeth. It is something, like a sound you would take out when seen a scary
thing, such as /ă/, as in
alligator!

Three Steps to teach Short Vowel a Word Families:

1. Play the activity demonstrated below for each word family

2. Show the video corresponding to the word family, (Link is given below).

3. Download and print free worksheets in which kids can color the picture
and write the thee letter rhyming CVC words.

Lesson 1 (-at word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as bat, cat, fat, hat, mat, pat, and
sat.

In the -at word family, the easiest way to teach kids is through the technique of substitution.

Activity: Present kids with flashcards and ask them to make the
word at, then once they form the word family, start forming the three letter
rhyming words by substituting the first word.

 

at (First. form the word family word)

bat (place
the flashcard «b» before this word family «at» to form the
word «bat»)

cat
(Substitute «b» with a «c» to form cat)

fat (Substitute «c» with a «f» to form fat)

hat (Substitute «f» with a «h» to form hat)

mat (Substitute «h» with a «m» to form mat)

pat (Substitute «m» with a «p» to form pat)

sat (Substitute «p» with a «s» to form sat)

Sentences:

I have a

fat cat

.

Once she

sat

on a

mat

.

My

cat

likes the

rat

.

A

hat

is on the

rat

.

The

rat

gave his

hat

to the

cat

.

Sight Words:

I, have, a, once, on, the, my, likes, is, gave, his, to.

Lesson 2
(-an word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as man, ran,
van, pan, fan, and can.

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word an, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  an (First. form the word family word)

ban (place the flashcard «b» before this word
family «an» to form the word «ban»)

can (Substitute «b» with a «c» to form
can)

fan (Substitute «c» with a «f» to form
fan)

ran (Substitute «f» with a «r» to form
ran)

man (Substitute «r» with a «m» to form
man)

pan (Substitute «m» with a «p» to form
pan)

van (Substitute «p» with a «v» to form
van)

Sentences:

A man ran to the van.

A fan is in the van.

A can is by the pan.

Sight Words:

a, to, the, is, in, the, by.

Lesson 3
(-ad word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as dad, lad,
bad, mad, sad, and glad.

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word ad, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  ad (First, form the word family word)

bad (place the flashcard «b» before this word
family «ad» to form the word «bad»)

dad (Substitute «b» with a «d» to form
dad)

fad (Substitute «d» with a «f» to form
fad)

had (Substitute «f» with a «h» to form
had)

mad (Substitute «h» with a «m» to form
mad)

pad (Substitute «m» with a «p» to form
pad)

lad (Substitute «p» with a «l» to form
lad)

Sentences:

Dad

had
a lad.

The lad is bad.

Dad

is mad
at the lad.

The lad is sad.

Dad is also very sad.

Sight Words:

had, a, the, is, on, so, very.

Lesson 4
(-ap word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as cap, gap,
lap, map, tap, sap, and rap.

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word ap, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  ap (First, form the word family word)

cap (place the flashcard «c» before this word
family «ap» to form the word «cap»)

gap (Substitute «c» with a «g» to form
gap)

map (Substitute «g» with a «m» to form
map)

lap (Substitute «m» with a «l» to form
lap)

tap (Substitute «l» with a «t» to form
tap)

sap (Substitute «t» with a «s» to form
sap)

rap (Substitute «s» with a «r» to form
rap)

Sentences:

Dad sat by the tap.

A map is on his lap.

I like to take a nap.

Sight Words:

by, the, a, is, on, his, I, like, to, take.

Lesson 5
(-ag word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as bag, lag,
rag, tag, wag, nag, and

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word ag, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  ag (First, form the word family word)

bag (place the flashcard «b» before this word
family «ag» to form the word «bag»)

lag (Substitute «b» with a «l» to form
lag)

rag (Substitute «l» with a «r» to form
rag)

tag (Substitute «r» with a «t» to form
tag)

nag (Substitute «t» with a «n» to form
nag)

wag (Substitute «n» with a «w» to form
wag)

sag (Substitute «w» with a «s» to form
sag).

Sentences:

I have a bag.

The bag has a tag.

A rag is in the bag.

Do not lag behind.

Sight Words:

I, have, a, is, in, the, has, do, not.

Lesson 6
(-am word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as dam, jam,
yam, ram, ham, and slam.

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word am, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  am (First, form the word family word)

dam (place the flashcard «d» before this word
family «am» to form the word «dam»)

jam (Substitute «d» with a «j» to form
jam)

yam (Substitute «j» with a «y» to form
yam)

ham (Substitute «y» with a «h» to form
ham)

mam (Substitute «h» with a «m» to form
mam)

ram (Substitute «m» with a «r» to form
ram)

Sam (Substitute «r» with a «S» to form
Sam)

Sentences:

I like to eat jam with yam.

The ram is near the dam.

Sight Words:

I, like, to, with, the, is, near

Lesson 7
(-ab word family)

In this lesson, we study words such as cab, lab,
tab, jab, scab, and slab.

Activity:
Present kids with the flashcards and ask them to make the word ab, then once
they form the word family, start forming the three letter rhyming words by
substituting the first word.

  ab (First, form the word family word)

cab (place the flashcard «c» before this word
family «ab» to form the word «cab»)

lab (Substitute «c» with a «l» to form
lab)

tab (Substitute «l» with a «t» to form
tab)

jab (Substitute «t» with a «j» to form
jab)

Sentences:

This book has many tabs.

My dad came in a cab.

Sight Words:

this, has, many, my, came, in, a

Phonics FlipBook fun activity

We have made a phonics flipbook which has got
worksheets for all the 31-word families. Please download it by clicking on the
image below. Print the word family for which you want to create the flipbook.

Print Free Worksheet

There are five vowels in the English language. They are a, e, i, o, u. These vowels can represent a variety of sounds. The length and the sound of a vowel can change according to its position in a word and the pronunciation of that word. Vowels can be classified into long and short vowels based on their length. The main difference between long and short vowels is that long vowels have a long sound whereas short vowels have a short sound.

What are Long Vowels

A long vowel has a long sound. A long vowel sounds like the name of its vowel. For example, the letter ‘a’ in aim is pronounced as  /ā/, or “ayy. The five long vowel sounds in the English language are

‘a’ as in name

‘e’ as in eat

‘i’ as in wine

‘o’ as in go

‘u’ as in human

Given below are some words that contain long vowel sounds.

A: ape,lake, name, date, rain

E: deep, heed, eat, feet, feel

I: wine, bite, hide, kite, ice,

O: oak, boat, long, soak, hope

U: mule, fuse, unite, cube

What are Short Vowels

Short vowels are the opposite of long vowels; they produce a short vowel sound. A short vowel sound is produced when the vowel in a syllable is followed by a consonant. This type of syllable is called a closed syllable. Thus, short vowels are caused by closed syllables. Unlike in long vowels, the vowel sound of short vowels is not similar to the name of the vowel. The five short vowel sounds in the English language are,

‘a’ as in fat

‘e’ as in nest

‘i’ as in win

‘o’ as in cot

‘u’ as in cup

Given below are some words that contain short vowel sounds.

A: cat, at, hat, mat, axe, apple, sack

E: set, edge, deck, head, bed, echo

I: bird, panic, pig, tin, bit, hid, ginger

O: hop, sock, ostrich, mop, mock

U: mud, fuss, blunder, up, ugly, under

Difference Between Long and Short Vowels

Length of Sound

Long Vowels produce a long vowel sound.

Short Vowels produce a short vowel sound.

Open vs Closed Syllables

Long Vowels are found in open syllables.

Short Vowels are found in closed syllables.

Pronunciation

Long Vowels are pronounced like the actual name of the vowel.

Short Vowels are not pronounced like the name of the vowel.

Sounds

Long Vowels include ā (as in rain), ē (beat), ī (wine), ō (go), and ū (fuse).

Short Vowels include a (as in fat), e (as in rest), i (as in win), o (as in cot), u (as in cup).