Intermediate word list pdf

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A non-local operator like the self-energy can be consistently calculated through many-body perturbation theory for systems of interacting electrons. This is usually done within the framework of Hedin’s GW approximation. If the initial Green’s function is obtained within a local approximation like DFT-LDA, there is in principle a local vertex given by the static exchange-correlation kernel in the first iteration (Del Sole et al. PRB 49, 8024 (1994)). We present total energies and bandwidths for jellium and equivalent quantities for He, Be and Ne. We show that a local vertex implemented in both the screened interaction and the self-energy leads to unphysical results. A local vertex in the screened interaction only provides results on par with or slightly better than standard one-shot G0W0. Finally, we obtain significant improvements by introducing non-local vertex corrections derived from non-local starting aproximations for the self-energy.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 1

  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  Self-image

  consider (sb) + adj phr /knsd(r)/ to think about someones
  feelings or reactions I consider myself lucky to live in such a
  nice house.

  consider (sb) to be

  phr /knsd(r) t bi/ to have a particular opinion about someone or
  something I consider myself lucky to be alive.

  describe (sb) as … phr /dskrab z/ to say that someone or
  something is a particular type of person or thing

  Was this the man she had once described as a hero?

  proud to + infinitive phr /prad tu/ feeling happy about
  something you are connected with There was a time when we were
  proud to wear the Union Jack.

  see (sb) as phr /si z/ to consider someone or something in a
  particular way I dont see myself as an old-age pensioner.

  think of (sb) as phr /k v z/ to have a particular opinion about
  someone or something I think of myself as a European, but Ive lived
  in the US for the last ten years.

  Describing people

  average *** adj /v()rd/ around a usual or ordinary level or
  standard Police are looking for a man of average build.

  bald * adj /bld/ with little or no hair on your head He went
  bald when he was quite young.

  blond * adj /blnd/ blonde hair is pale yellow in colour She has
  long blonde hair.

  build * n C /bld/ the size and shape of someones body He was of
  medium build and about my height.

  complexion * n C /kmplek()n/ the appearance of the skin on
  someones face, and whether it is pale, dark, smooth etc

  He has an oily complexion.

  dark *** adj /d(r)k/ if a white person is described as being
  dark, they have brown or black hair and sometimes skin that is not
  light in colour

  He was a tall dark man.

  healthy *** adj /heli/ showing that you are physically strong
  and not ill Shes got a healthy complexion.

  muscular adj /mskjl(r)/ very strong and attractive, with muscles
  that have been developed through exercise

  He was tall, blond, and muscular.

  narrow *** adj /nr/ small in width, especially when compared to
  how high or long something is

  She has a thin face and a long, narrow nose.

  pale *** adj /pel/ a pale person has skin that is lighter than
  usual because they are ill, shocked, or worried

  When he returned, he looked pale and weary.

  pointed * adj /pntd/ with a point at the end Hes got a long,
  pointed chin.

  prominent ** adj /prmnnt/ sticking out She has very prominent
  cheekbones.

  round *** adj /rand/ shaped like a circle or a ball Which
  hairstyles would look good with a round face like mine?

  shaved adj /evd/ with the hair removed He has a shaved head.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 2

  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  shiny * adj /ani/ something that is shiny has a bright surface
  that reflects light She had shiny black hair.

  slim ** adj /slm/ thin in an attractive way She had a slim
  youthful figure.

  straight ** adj /stret/ straight hair has no curls or waves Hes
  got straight brown hair.

  tanned adj /tnd/ someone who is tanned has darker skin than
  before because of spending time in the sun

  He was very tanned.

  wavy adj /wevi/ a wavy line or wavy hair has a lot of waves or
  curls in it She has wavy blonde hair.

  wide *** adj /wad/ measuring a large distance from one side to
  the other He has a big nose and a wide head.

  Other words & phrases

  agency ** n C /ed()nsi/ a business that provides a service for
  people or companies, especially by giving them information or
  making arrangements

  He lied his way into a job with a successful advertising
  agency.

  analyst ** n C /nlst/ someone whose job is to carefully examine
  a situation, event, etc in order to provide other people with
  information about it

  Political analysts are not sure what the outcome will be.

  arrest ** v /rest/ if the police arrest someone, they take that
  person to a police station because they believe he or she has
  committed a crime. Someone who has been arrested is under arrest,
  and if they are not allowed to leave, they are in custody

  Police raided the store at dawn, arresting six men and seizing
  hundreds of pirated CDs.

  arrogant * adj /rnt/ someone who is arrogant thinks they are
  better or more important than other people and behaves in a way
  that is rude and too confident

  He made an extremely arrogant remark.

  automatic ** n C / adj /tmtk/ an automatic weapon Mitty is
  holding a heavy automatic and the crowd believe him.

  ban ** v /bn/ to say officially that people must not do, sell,
  or use something The book was banned from school libraries.

  base *** n C /bes/ a place from which an activity can be
  planned, started, or carried out

  Terrorists had been using the warehouse as a base for their
  operations.

  beefeater n C /bifit(r)/ a guard at the Tower of London who
  wears a traditional red uniform and black hat

  The guards at the Tower are popularly known as Beefeaters.

  bite ** v /bat/ to use your teeth to cut or breaksomething,
  usually in order to eat it

  She bit into her sandwich.

  bottom *** n C / adj /btm/ in the lowest place or part Look at
  the bottom half of the page.

  career *** n C /kr(r)/ a job or series of related jobs that you
  do, especially a profession that you spend a lot of your working
  life in

  Choosing a career can be a very difficult decision.

  cashier n C /k(r)/ someone whose job is to receive or give money
  in a shop, bank etc

  She gave the money to the cashier.

  challenge *** n C /tlnd/ something that needs a lot of skill,
  energy, and determination to deal with or achieve, especially
  something you have never done before and will enjoy doing

  I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 3

  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  chaos ** n U /kes/ a situation in which everything is confused
  and in a mess Six months after the revolution, the country is still
  in chaos.

  chew ** v /tu/ to use your teeth to bite food in your mouth into
  small pieces so that you can swallow it

  High-fibre foods take longer to chew.

  citizen *** n C /stz()n/ someone who has the right to live
  permanently in a particular country and has the right to the legal
  and social benefits of that country as well as legal obligations
  towards it

  She married an American and became a US citizen.

  clever ** adj /klev(r)/ good at learning or understanding things
  Id like to be a doctor but Im not clever enough.

  clip * n C /klp/ a short part of a film, television programme,
  or news story that is shown separately

  In another clip, Portillo is working behind the cash till at the
  supermarket.

  coalition ** n C /kl()n/ a temporary union of different
  political parties that agree to form a government together

  The Greens have agreed to join the coalition government.

  courtroom n C /k(r)trum/ a room where legal cases are judged
  Cheers rose from the courtroom when the verdict was given.

  crossword * n C /krsw(r)d/ a word game on paper, in which the
  answers to questions called clues are written in rows of squares
  that cross each other so that some letters are shared

  He likes doing a crossword puzzle in the evenings.

  cucumber n C /kjukmb(r)/ a long thin vegetable that has a dark
  green skin and is white inside. It is usually eaten raw in
  salads

  There selling organic cucumbers.

  decent ** adj /dis()nt/ good, or good enough Are there any
  decent restaurants around here?

  deputy *** n C / adj /depjti/ someone whose job is the second
  most important in a department or organization, and who takes the
  responsibilities of the most important person in some
  situations

  Hes the deputy ambassador to Sweden.

  dial * v /dal/ to press the buttons, or to turn the dial, on a
  telephone in order to call someone

  In an emergency dial 999.

  diplomacy n U /dplmsi/ the ability to deal with people in a
  sensitive way that does not upset or offend them

  Tact and diplomacy are skills that every good receptionist
  has.

  election *** n C /lek()n/ an occasion when people vote for
  someone to represent them, especially in a government

  Only about 20% of the people voted in the local government
  elections.

  emergency services n pl /m(r)dnsi svsz/ the organizations that
  deal with fire, crime, accidents, and injuries, for example the
  police and the fire services

  What number you do dial for the emergency services?

  episode ** n C /epsd/ a part of a television or radio story that
  is broadcast separately and forms one of a series

  I cant wait to see the next episode.

  executive ** n C / adj /zekjtv/ a senior manager in a business
  or other organization I attended a meeting with some of the
  companys top executives.

  expert *** n C /eksp(r)t/ someone who has a particular skill or
  who knows a lot about a particular subject

  I need to speak to a computer expert.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 4

  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  eye-opener n C /a p()n(r)/ a situation that shows you something
  surprising that you did not know before

  Visiting people in prison was a real eye-opener for me.

  face *** v /fes/ to accept that a bad situation exists and try
  to deal with it We have to face the reality that, so far, the
  treaty has had little effect.

  fake n C / adj /fek/ made to look like something real in order
  to trick people He tried to enter the country on a fake
  passport.

  fidget v /fdt/ to keep making small quick movements with parts
  of your body because you are bored, nervous, or impatient

  Hes fidgeting and nervous.

  fireworks n pl /fa(r)w(r)ks/ an object that explodes when you
  light it and produces coloured lights and loud noises

  The firework display was really impressive.

  fit ** adj /ft/ healthy, strong, and able to do physical
  exercise without getting very tired

  Running around after the kids keeps me fit.

  flatly adv /fltli/ in a firm and definite way intended to end
  discussion of a subject She flatly refuses to listen to him.

  fuel *** n U /fjul/ petrol or diesel used in vehicles Shes got a
  car that runs on unleaded fuel.

  get away with (sth) v /get we w/ to manage to do something bad
  without being punished or criticized for it

  He thinks hes getting away with it, but his body and his voice
  are giving him away.

  give (sb) away v /gv we/ to reveal information or facts about
  someone that should be secret

  His disguise was brilliant, but his shoes gave him away.

  govern ** v /v(r)n/ to control and manage an area, city, or
  country and its people The region is now governed by Morocco.

  headquarters ** n pl /hedkw(r)t(r)z/ the place where a company
  or organization has its main offices: can be followed by a singular
  or plural verb

  It is the headquarters of the Secret Service.

  hero ** n C /hr/ the main male character of a book, film, or
  play, who usually has good qualities. The main female character is
  called the heroine.

  Walter Mitty is the hero of a short story by James Thurber.

  honest ** adj /nst/ a person who is honest does not tell lies or
  cheat people, and obeys the law

  Most young people are decent and honest.

  imaginary * adj /mdnri/ not real but only created in your mind A
  lonely child sometimes creates an imaginary friend to play
  with.

  immigrant * n C /mrnt/ someone who comes to live in a country
  from another country Its an area with a large immigrant
  population.

  impress ** v /mpres/ if someone or something impresses you, you
  admire them What impressed me was their ability to deal with any
  problem.

  impression *** n C /mpre()n/ an opinion or feeling that you have
  about someone or something you have seen but do not know very
  well

  I have the impression that shes very good at her job.

  instrument *** n C /nstrmnt/ a musical instrument, for example a
  piano or a guitar Do you play an instrument?

  invade * v /nved/ to take or send an army into another country
  in order to get control of it

  The island was invaded during the war.

  invasion ** n C /nve()n/ an occasion when one countrys army goes
  into another country to take control of it by force

  We learnt about the Roman invasion of Britain under Julius
  Caesar.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 5

  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  irrelevant ** adj /relvnt/ not important or not relevant to what
  you are discussing or doing That was an irrelevant remark.

  karaoke n U /kriki/ a type of entertainment in which people sing
  popular songs while recorded music is played

  The local pub is holding a karaoke night on Friday.

  kid *** n C /kd/ a child There was a group of kids playing
  football in the street.

  landlord ** n C /ln(d)l(r)d/ a man who owns a house, flat, or
  room that people can rent The landlord collects the rent every
  month.

  liar n C /la(r)/ someone who tells lies Dont trust him. Hes a
  liar.

  lie *** v/n C /la/ to deliberately say something that is not
  true It was obvious that she was lying.

  lifestyle ** n C /lafstal/ the type of life that you have, for
  example the type of job or house you have or the type of activity
  you like doing

  I try to live a healthy, outdoor lifestyle.

  likeable adj /lakb()l/ pleasant, friendly, and easy to like Dave
  is a likeable character.

  lip *** n C /lp/ one of the two edges that form the top and
  bottom parts of your mouth

  His thin red lips stretched into a smile.

  live off (sth/sb) v /lv f/ to depend on someone or something for
  the money or food that you need

  Hes 25 and still living off his parents.

  look up to v /lk p t/ to admire and respect someone Hes a role
  model for other players to look up to.

  marital adj /mrt()l/ relating to marriage Ive heard theyre
  having marital problems.

  modest ** adj /mdst/ a modest person does not like to talk about
  themselves, their achievements, or their abilities, even if they
  are successful

  He comes across as very modest.

  multiculturalism n U /mltikltrlz()m/ the belief and practice of
  giving equal importance to each of the different cultures in a
  society

  Britan is coping with the challenges of multiculturalism.

  mum ** n C /mm/ a mother. This word is used by people to talk
  about or talk to their mother.

  Its my mums birthday tomorrow.

  noodle n C /nud()l/ a type of pasta in the form of long thin
  pieces that cook quickly The dish can be served with rice or
  noodles.

  old-age pensioner n C /ld ed pen()n(r)/

  someone who receives a pension from the government after they
  reach the age when they are officially old enough to stop
  working

  My grandmother is an old-age pensioner.

  palm ** n C /pm/ the inside part of your hand, between your
  fingers and your wrist The captain slapped his palm on the
  desk.

  parliament *** n C /p(r)lmnt/ the main law-making institution in
  some countries. In the UK, Parliament consists of politicians
  elected to the House of Commons and members of the House of
  Lords

  Parliament decided today to ban mobile phone use while
  driving.

  patiently adv /pe()ntli/ in a patient manner But he listens
  patiently to the teacher and by the middle of the week hes doing
  much better.

  patriotism n U /ptritz()m; petritz()m/

  strong feelings of love, respect, and duty towards your country
  He denounced the pacifists for their lack of patriotism.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
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  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  phase *** n C /fez/ a time in a persons development or life when
  they behave in a particular way

  Dont worry about Tina Im sure its just a phase.

  pigeon * n C /pd()n/ a brown or grey bird that often lives in
  cities I spent my lunch hour feeding the pigeons in the park.

  political *** adj /pltk()l/ relating to politics I dont
  understand the political system in the US.

  politician *** n C /plt()n/ someone who has a job in politics,
  especially a Member of Parliament

  He blackmailed several famous politicians.

  pretend ** v /prtend/ to claim that something is true when it is
  not He doesnt pretend to enjoy the work, but he says that the
  atmosphere is much nicer than in the Houses of Parliament.

  racism * n U /resz()m/ a way of behaving or thinking that shows
  that you do not like or respect people who belong to races that are
  different from your own and that you believe your race is better
  than others

  They promised to continue the struggle against racism.

  rare *** adj /re(r)/ not happening very often In a rare moment
  of honesty, he told her what he had done.

  reality TV n U /rlt t v/ television programmes that do not use
  professional actors but show real events and situations involving
  ordinary people

  What goes on behind the scenes of reality TV shows?

  reaction *** n C /rik()n/ the way that you feel or behave as a
  result of something that happens

  My mothers initial reaction was quite unexpected.

  rebellious adj /rbeljs/ opposing authority or accepted ways of
  doing things Shes going through a very rebellious phase.

  refugee ** n C /refjdi/ someone who leaves their country,
  especially during a war or other threatening event

  Thousands of refugees have entered the camps along the borders
  in recent days.

  reviewer n C /rvju(r)/ someone whose job is to write articles in
  a newspaper or magazine giving their opinion about a new play,
  book, art exhibition etc

  She works as a reviewer for various publications.

  rhythm ** n C /rm/ a regular pattern of sounds or movements She
  likes the rhythm of his speech.

  right-wing * adj /ratw/ conservative in your political views The
  Conservative Party is traditionally more right-wing than the Labour
  Party.

  salary ** n C /slri/ a fixed amount of money that you earn each
  month or year from your job

  She earns an annual salary of 25,000.

  self-important adj /selfmp(r)t()nt/ behaving in ways that show
  you think you are more important than everyone else

  The manager was a self-important fellow who strutted about the
  office barking instructions.

  series *** n C /sriz/ a set of television or radio programmes
  that are all about a particular subject, person, or group of
  people

  Theyve made a hit television series.

  sincere * adj /sns(r)/ talking and acting in a way that shows
  you really mean what you say and do

  He is a modest and sincere man.

  single parent n C /sg()l pernt/ a parent who raises their
  children alone, without a partner There has been a steady increase
  in the number of single parents.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
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  Unit 1 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech

  Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

  socialist adj / n C /slst/ having political views which support
  the idea of a society in which everyone has equal opportunities

  The Labour Party is a socialist party.

  spot ** v /spt/ to notice someone or something Hugh was spotted
  by local police and had to leave quickly.

  stage *** n C /sted/ the part of a theatre where the actors or
  musicians perform They had now been on stage for over four
  hours.

  stand for v /stnd f/ to try to get chosen in an election for a
  particular position or as a memberof a particular institution

  He has been Secretary of State for Defence and he has stood for
  leadership of the Tory party, but in tonights programme he takes on
  a whole new challenge.

  status *** n U /stets/ the legal position of a person, country
  etc Will I be officially self-employed, or will I have employee
  status?

  stubborn * adj /stb(r)n/ a stubborn person is not willing to
  change their ideas or to consider anyone elses reasons or
  arguments

  He strikes me as a rather stubborn person.

  sweaty adj /sweti/ covered in sweat, or smelling of sweat We got
  very hot and sweaty playing football.

  stumble * v /stmb()l/ to fall or almost fall while you are
  walking or running Cheryls horse stumbled, throwing her to the
  ground.

  talent ** n C / U /tlnt/ a natural ability for being good at a
  particular activity She had an obvious talent for music.

  telltale adj /teltel/ telltale signs of something are obvious
  signs that it exists or it has happened

  A high temperature is one of the telltale signs of the
  illness.

  tension *** n U /ten()n/ the degree to which something such as a
  rope or muscle is pulled tight

  Can you feel the tension in your neck and shoulders?

  till n C /tl/ a machine with containers for holding bills and
  coins that shows customers in stores how much they have to pay

  Hes working behind the cash till at the supermarket.

  traditionally adv /trd()nli/ in a way that relates to or is
  based on very old customs, beliefs, or stories

  April in North Korea is traditionally a month of festivals.

  typical *** adj /tpk()l/ like most people or things of the same
  type What do you do on a typical working day?

  unfair ** adj /nfe(r)/ not fair or reasonable It is grossly
  unfair to suggest that the school was responsible for this
  accident.

  volunteer ** n C / v /vlnt(r)/ someone who offers to do
  something without being forced Can I have a volunteer to clean the
  board, please?

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 8

  Unit 2 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  Phrasal verbs

  bring together phr /br tge(r)/ to create a situation in which
  people meet and do something together, especially when they would
  not usually do so

  The event was unique in bringing together politicians, business
  leaders, and academics.

  break down phr /brek dan/ if a machine or vehicle breaks down,
  it stops working The car broke down just outside Winchester.

  come across phr /km krs/ to meet someone, or to find something
  by chance I came across a word Id never seen before.

  drop (sb) off phr /drp f/ to take someone to a place in a car,
  usually without getting out of the car yourself

  Can you drop the kids off at school this morning?

  get by phr /get ba/ to have just enough of something such as
  money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do

  I couldnt possibly get by on 500 a month.

  get over (sth) phr /get v(r)/ to start to feel happy or well
  again after something bad has happened to you

  Dons pretty upset, but hell get over it.

  give (sth) up phr /gv p/ to stop doing something that you do
  regularly Ive tried to give up many times.

  look after (sb) phr /lk ft(r)/ to take care of someone or
  something and make certain that they have everything they need

  Its hard work looking after three children all day.

  pick (sb) up phr /pk p/ to take someone who is waiting by the
  road into your vehicle and take them somewhere

  Yellow cabs are the only taxis that can pick up passengers on
  the streets of New York.

  pull out phr /pl at/ if a vehicle or driver pulls out, they move
  onto a road or onto a part of a road where the traffic is moving
  faster

  A big truck pulled out in front of me.

  run into (sb) phr /rn ntu/ to meet someone when you did not
  expect to Guess who I ran into this morning?

  see (sb) off phr /si f/ to go somewhere such as a station or
  airport with someone in order to say goodbye to them

  Anne saw Terry off at the station.

  set out phr /set at/ to start a journey After a three-day rest,
  the travellers set out again.

  settle down phr /set()l dan/ to make yourself comfortable in a
  place, especially in order to do something that will take a lot of
  time or effort

  I settled down in front of the television for the evening.

  sort out phr /s(r)t at/ to do what is necessary to deal with a
  problem, disagreement, or difficult situation successfully

  This matter could be sorted out if they would just sit down and
  talk.

  stand up for (sth) phr /stnd p f(r)/ to defend someone or
  something that is being criticized or attacked

  Youve got to stand up for what you believe in.

  stop off phr /stp f/ to visit somewhere before continuing to
  another place We stopped off in town on the way to Jennis
  house.

  turn in phr /t(r)n n/ to go to bed at night We turned in and got
  some sleep.

  Travel

  catch a bus/plane/train

  phr /kt bs/plen/tren/

  to get on a train, bus, plane, or boat that is travelling
  somewhere I caught the next train back to London.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 9

  Unit 2 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWord
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  get in a bus/car/taxi

  phr /get in bs/k(r)/tksi/

  to go from being outside a bus/car/taxi to being inside Lets get
  in the taxi.

  get out of a bus/car/taxi

  phr /get at v bs/k(r)/tksi/

  to go from being inside a bus/car/taxi to being outside We need
  to get out of the car here.

  get off a bus/plane/train

  phr /get f bs/plen/tren/

  to go from being inside a bus/plane/train to being outside I
  need to get off the bus at the next stop.

  get on a bus/plane/train

  phr /get n bs/plen/tren/

  to go from being outside a bus/plane/train to being inside We
  should get on the train now.

  miss a bus/plane/train

  phr /ms bs/plen/tren/

  to be too late for a train, bus etc Ive got a meeting and I dont
  want to miss the train.

  take a bus/taxi/train

  phr /teik bs/tksi/tren/

  to use a particular type of transport I usually take the bus to
  work.

  take (time) to + infinitive

  phr /tek (tam) tu/ to spend time doing something The train takes
  a long time to get to London.

  Other words & phrases

  acrobatics n /krbtks/ the skills or movements of an acrobat My
  show includes juggling, music, magic, acrobatics and theatre.

  act *** n C /kt/ a single thing that someone does That was a
  real act of kindness.

  adventure ** n C /dvent(r)/ an exciting, unusual, and sometimes
  dangerous experience Since he first set out on his adventure he has
  visited more than 60 countries.

  alternatively ** adv /lt(r)ntvli/ used for making another
  suggestion We could drive all the way. Alternatively, we could
  fly.

  amazing ** adj /mez/ used about something surprising that is
  also very impressive In the last five and a half weeks weve seen
  and done some amazing things.

  apparently *** adv /prntli/ based only on what you have heard,
  not on what you are certain is true

  Apparently they were part of a group of students.

  award *** n C / v /w(r)d/ a prize or other reward that is given
  to someone who has achieved something

  The filmmakers won an award for their film.

  backpack n /bkpk/ a rucksack He put all the camping equipment in
  his backpack.

  bear ** n C /be(r)/ a large wild animal with thick fur. There
  are several different types of bears, for example the polar bear
  and the grizzly bear. A young bear is called a bear cub

  They came across the bear near a river.

  bet ** v C / n /bet/ to risk an amount of money by saying what
  you think will happen, especially in a race or game. You lose the
  money if you are wrong and win more if you are right

  He bet lots of money on the horse race.

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  Sentence

  blind ** v / adj /bland/ to make someone unable to see for a
  short time The low sun blinded her as she drove up the hill.

  broaden (sbs) mind

  phr /brd()n mand/ to help someone understand the world and make
  them more able to accept other peoples ideas and beliefs

  According to an English saying, travel broadens the mind.

  budget *** n C /bdt/ the amount of money a person or
  organization has to spend on something

  He gets by on a budget of three dollars a day.

  bush ** n U /b/ areas in hot countries like Australia and Africa
  that are not used for growing crops. They are usually far from
  cities and very few people live there

  We drove about 20 miles into the bush.

  cab n /kb/ taxi Shall I call you a cab?

  campfire n /kmpfa(r)/ a fire built outside by people who are
  camping They sat around the campfire.

  cave ** n C /kev/ a large hole in the side of a hill or under
  the ground There are many caves with prehistoric cave
  paintings.

  celebrate *** v /selbret/ to do something enjoyable in order to
  show that an occasion or event is special

  He is celebrating his 21st birthday.

  charity *** n C / U /trti/ an organization to which you give
  money so that it can give money and help to people who are poor or
  ill, or who need advice and support

  The show raised thousands of pounds for charity.

  climate ** n C /klamt/ the type of weather that a country or
  region has Mexico is renowned for its hot climate and spicy
  food.

  climax * n C /klamks/ the most exciting or important moment in a
  story, event, or situation, usually near the end

  Its the climax to this seasons Champions Cup.

  clown n /klan/ a performer in a circus who wears funny clothes
  and makes people laugh by doing silly things

  He is dressed as a clown in the photo.

  coast *** n C /kst/ an area of land beside a sea We went on
  holiday to the east coast of England.

  comedian n /kmidin/ someone whose job is to entertain people by
  telling jokes and stories to make them laugh

  He is a well-known writer and comedian.

  comfortable *** adj /kmftb()l/ feeling physically relaxed,
  without any pain or other unpleasant feelings

  Sit quietly in a comfortable position.

  competition *** n C /kmpt()n/ an organized event in which people
  try to win prizes by being better than other people

  He entered a competition in the local newspaper.

  continent ** n C /kntnnt/ one of the very large areas of land on
  Earth that are usually divided into several countries

  Nigeria is on the continent of Africa.

  cub n /kb/ a young bear, lion, fox, wolf, or other wild animal
  They found a baby fox cub.

  currently *** adv /krntli/ at the present time Its the best
  recording currently available on CD.

  darken v /d(r)kn/ to become darker, or to make something darker
  The sky darkened and heavy rain began to fall.

  dawn ** n C /dn/ the beginning of the day, when it begins to get
  light They had decided to leave at dawn.

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  Sentence

  declare *** v /dkle(r)/ to announce officially that something is
  true or happening Monica wants to be legally declared an adult.

  desert ** n C /dez(r)t/ a large area of land with few plants and
  little water and where the weather is always dry

  We travelled across the Sahara desert.

  double-decker adj / n /db()l dek(r)/ a bus that has both an
  upper and a lower level where people can sit

  We took a double-decker bus across the city.

  eventually *** adv /ventuli/ at the end of a process or period
  of time in which many things happen

  Were hoping, eventually, to create 500 new jobs.

  exist *** v /zst/ to manage to live, especially under difficult
  conditions Only about 200 Siberian tigers still exist in the
  wild.

  explore *** v /kspl(r)/ to travel to a place in order to learn
  about it or to search for something valuable such as oil

  The town is a good base from which to explore this charming
  corner of Italy.

  extraordinarily * adv /kstr(r)d()nrli/ extremely Its an
  extraordinarily beautiful film.

  fascinating ** adj /fsnet/ making you very interested or
  attracted The caves and rock art are fascinating.

  fire station n C /fa(r) ste()n/ the building where firefighters
  have their office and keep their vehicles and equipment

  He has slept in fire stations, police stations and churches.

  formation *** n C /f(r)me()n/ the particular shape of something
  We saw some unusual cloud formations.

  four-wheel drive n C /f(r)wil drav/ a vehicle that has a system
  that provides power to all four of its wheels

  Over the next six weeks, Im planning to cover as much of the
  outback as I possibly can in a secondhand four-wheel drive, and Ill
  be accompanied by my two grandchildren.

  fox ** n C /fks/ a wild animal similar to a small dog, with
  red-brown fur, a pointed face, and a thick tail

  They found a baby fox cub.

  fridge * n C /frd/ a piece of equipment that is used for storing
  food at low temperatures

  Chill the wine in the fridge first.

  glimpse * n C / v /lmps/ an occasion when you see someone or
  something for a moment only

  The crowd were anxious for a glimpse of the President.

  goldfield n /ldfild/ an area in which gold can be found as a
  mineral Weve been blinded by the salt lakes of Curara Soak, weve
  relived history in the goldfields of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, weve been
  guests at the campfires of Aboriginal communities.

  headline ** n C /hedlan/ the title of a newspaper story that is
  printed in large letters The front-page headline read Royal Love
  Scandal.

  helicopter ** n C /helkpt(r)/ an aircraft with large metal
  blades on top that spin and lift it into the air

  They hired a helicopter.

  heritage ** n U /hertd/ the art, buildings, traditions, and
  beliefs that a society considers important to its history and
  culture

  Ireland has a rich musical heritage.

  hire ** v /ha(r)/ to rent something such as a car or room Im
  going to find the tourist information centre and ask about where I
  can hire a car.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  hitchhike v /hthak/ to travel by asking other people to take you
  in their car, by standing at the side of a road and holding out
  your thumb or a sign

  You should never hitchhike alone.

  home town n C /hmtan/ the city or town where you lived as a
  child He used to deliver pizzas in his home town of Uppsala.

  in the wild adv /n wald/ in an environment that is natural There
  are only about 300 of these beautiful animals in the wild.

  incredible * adj /nkredb()l/ used for saying how great or
  extreme something is The pressure to win is incredible.

  injure ** v /nd(r)/ to do something that damages part of your
  body He injured his back and will be unable to play tomorrow.

  injury *** n C / U /ndri/ physical damage done to a person or a
  part of their body She has recovered from injuries sustained in the
  accident.

  inspire ** v /nspa(r)/ to give someone the enthusiasm to do or
  create something I hope it inspires people to leave the coast and
  find out what the real Australia is all about.

  juggling n /dg()l/ keeping objects moving through the air by
  catching them as they fall and throwing them back into the air

  My show includes juggling, music, magic, acrobatics and
  theatre.

  landmark n /ln(d)m(r)k/ a famous building or object that you can
  see and recognize easily The Statue of Liberty is a very famous
  landmark.

  lawyer *** n C /lj(r)/ someone whose profession is to provide
  people with legal advice and services

  Her lawyers have asked the court to award $110,000 in
  damages.

  length *** n C /le/ the distance from one end of something to
  the other They ran the length of Britain to raise money for
  charity.

  lie ahead phr /la hed/ if something lies ahead, especially
  something difficult or unpleasant, it is going to happen in the
  future and you will have to deal with it

  The journey has already taken him to three continents and most
  of Asia still lies ahead.

  lift ** n C /lft/ an occasion when someone takes you somewhere
  in their car His first lift took him only three miles.

  local *** adj /lk()l/ in or related to the area that you live
  in, or to the particular area that you are talking about

  Ask for the book in your local library.

  magic ** n U /mdk/ mysterious tricks that an entertainer called
  a magician performs, for example making things appear or
  disappear

  What are the best magic tricks you have seen?

  mechanical ** adj /mknk()l/ relating to engines and machines,
  and the way that they work The system has shut down because of
  mechanical problems.

  mission ** n C /m()n/ an aim that is very important to a person
  or organization His mission is to bring a smile into the lives of
  the people he runs into on his travels.

  outback n /atbk/ the large areas of land in Australia that are
  not used for growing crops and are far away from any city or
  town

  Im planning to cover as much of the outback as I possibly
  can.

  passer-by n /ps(r)ba/ someone who is walking past a place,
  especially when an accident or violent event happens

  A passer-by called the police.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  perform *** v /p(r)f(r)m/ to do something in front of an
  audience in order to entertain them, for example by acting in a
  play or singing

  The opera was first performed in 1992.

  platform ** n C /pltf(r)m/ an area next to a railway track where
  passengers get onto and off trains

  The train is still at the platform.

  post *** v /pst/ to put information on the Internet He posted
  details and photos of his journey on his personal website.

  principality n /prnsplti/ a country ruled by a prince She comes
  from the Principality of Liechtenstein.

  purple * adj /p(r)p()l/ between red and blue in colour. If
  something is similar to this colour, you can say that it is
  purplish or purply

  Only important people could wear purple clothes in 16th-century
  England.

  purpose *** n C /p(r)ps/ the aim that someone wants to achieve,
  or that something is intended to achieve

  My sole purpose is to bring them a little happiness.

  put (sth) right v /pt rat/ to correct a mistake or change a
  situation with which you are unhappy

  So the time has come to put this right.

  raise *** v /rez/ to collect money for a particular purpose We
  managed to raise over 4,000 through sponsored events.

  represent *** v /reprzent/ to be a sign or symbol of something
  The colour red commonly represents danger.

  rescue ** v /reskju/ to save someone from a dangerous or
  unpleasant situation The crew of the tanker were rescued just
  minutes before it sank in heavy seas.

  rock *** n U / C /rk/ a large piece of stone that rises up from
  the ground or from under the ocean

  At sunset, we settled down to watch the Rock turn red against
  the darkening sky and planned the last leg of our trip 450
  kilometres across the desert to the modern town of Alice
  Springs.

  sacred ** adj /sekrd/ connected with religion Theres an
  exhibition of sacred art at the gallery.

  salt ** n U /slt/ a white substance that is often added to food
  before or after cooking to improve its flavour. Salt is dug from
  the ground, or produced from sea water

  Add a pinch of salt.

  search *** n C / v /s(r)t/ an attempt to find something They
  explored the beautiful River Amur region in their search for the
  tiger.

  second-hand adj /sekndhnd/ owned or used by someone else before
  you We drove a second-hand four-wheel drive through the
  countryside.

  sight *** n C / U /sat/ interesting places that people go to see
  We saw a lot of well-known sights and landmarks.

  site ** n C /sat/ a place where something happened, especially
  something interesting or important, or where there is an important
  building

  Hebron is the site of a mosque sacred to Muslims.

  sole ** adj /sl/ the sole person or thing is the only one of a
  particular type She is the sole survivor of the crash.

  solo * adj / adv /sl/ done by one person alone, without any help
  He broke the record for the longest solo Vespa journey.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  spectacular ** adj /spektkjl(r)/ extremely impressive You can
  see the spectacular sight of the famous Uluru, shining purple in
  the light of dawn.

  spellbound adj /spelband/ so impressed by something that you do
  not pay attention to anything else

  We were absolutely spellbound.

  sponsor ** v /spns(r)/ to agree to give money to someone who is
  going to take part in a charity event

  He is sponsored by his fans.

  storm ** n C /st(r)m/ an occasion when a lot of rain falls very
  quickly, often with very strong winds or thunder and lightning

  He had mechanical problems with his Vespa during a storm in the
  Swiss Alps.

  stranger ** n C /strend(r)/ someone who does not know a place
  well You are a stranger in the town.

  taxi rank n C /tksi rk/ a place where taxis wait for customers
  Theres a taxi rank at the station.

  tiger * n C /ta(r)/ a large Asian wild animal that has yellowish
  fur with black lines and is a member of the cat family. The female
  tiger can be called a tiger or tigress. A young tiger is called a
  tiger cub.

  Scientists have discovered a rare species of tiger.

  time limit n C /tam lmt/ an amount of time in which you must do
  something They had a time limit.

  tractor n C /trkt(r)/ a vehicle used on farms, for example to
  pull machines He was rescued by a farmer in a tractor.

  truck ** n C /trk/ a large road vehicle used for carrying goods
  We drove past a ten-ton truck.

  unforgettable adj /nf(r)etb()l/ something that is unforgettable
  will be remembered for a very long time

  The holiday was an unforgettable experience.

  van ** n C /vn/ a vehicle used for carrying goods. It is usually
  larger than a car and smaller than a truck, and the back part is
  enclosed, with no windows at the sides

  Well have to hire a van to move all this stuff.

  widely-travelled adj /wadli trv()ld/

  someone who is widely-travelled has been to many different
  countries and is familiar with their cultures

  Who is the most widely-travelled person that you know?

  wildlife n /waldlaf/ animals, birds, and plants that live in
  natural conditions The government has made laws to protect wildlife
  and their habitats.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  Accommodation

  apartment block n C /p(r)tmnt blk/ a block of flats I live in a
  high-rise apartment block.

  cabin ** n C /kbn/ a small simple wooden house in the mountains
  or in a forest He lived in a cabin in the mountains.

  campsite n C /kmpsat/ a place where people on holiday can stay
  in tents or other temporary shelters, usually with toilets and a
  supply of water.

  We booked a campsite near the town.

  cave ** n C /kev/ a large hole in the side of a hill or under
  the ground Would you like to live in a cave?

  communal * adj /kmjn()l/ owned or used by everyone in a group,
  especially a group of people who live in the same building

  We have a communal garden.

  community *** n C /kmjunti/ the people who live in an area: can
  be followed by a singular or plural verb

  I wanted to work somewhere where I could serve the
  community.

  detached * adj /dttt/ a detached house is not joined to another
  house We live in a four-bedroomed detached house.

  dormitory n C /d(r)mtri/ a large room where a lot of people
  sleep, for example in a school or army camp

  They sleep in separate dormitories.

  facilities *** n pl /fsltiz/ something such as a room or piece
  of equipment that is provided at a place for people to use

  The hotel has excellent leisure facilities.

  flat *** n C /flt/ a set of rooms for living in, usually on one
  floor of a large building. The usual American word is apartment

  They bought a flat in Chelsea.

  holiday home n C /hlde hm/ a house or flat that you own and use
  for holidays We have a holiday home in Catalonia.

  houseboat n C /hasbt/ a boat that someone lives in as their home
  He lives in a houseboat on the river Thames.

  lighthouse n C /lathas/ a tower built next to the sea that has a
  powerful flashing light at the top to show ships where to go or to
  warn them of danger

  My ideal job would be a lighthouse keeper.

  local authority n C /lk()l rti/ in the UK, the organization in a
  particular area or city that is responsible for providing public
  services

  The local authority is responsible for repairing the roads.

  lock *** v /lk/ to fasten something such as a door or a
  container, usually with a key, so that other people cannot open
  it

  John went out and locked the door behind him.

  mobile home n C /mbal hm/ a vehicle on wheels that is pulled by
  a car and is used as a home by people on vacation

  Would you like to live in a mobile home?

  monthly charge n C /mnli t(r)d/ an amount of money that you have
  to pay every month, especially when you visit a place or when
  someone does something for you

  We have to pay a monthly charge for the lift and the lights on
  the stairs.

  ownership ** n U /n(r)p/ legal possession of something, usually
  something big and valuable

  They share ownership of the park.

  rent *** n U / v /rent/ an amount of money that you pay
  regularly for using a house, room, office etc that belongs to
  someone else

  After shed paid her rent, Jen had no money left for food.

  resident *** n C /rezd()nt/ someone who lives in a particular
  place Many local residents have objected to the scheme.

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  Sentence

  semi-detached adj /semidttt/ a semi-detached house is joined to
  another house by one wall that they share

  They live in a semi-detached house with a garden.

  suburb * n C /sb(r)b/ an area or town near a large city but away
  from its centre, where there are many houses, especially for
  middle-class people

  Wanstead is a suburb of London.

  tent ** n C /tent/ a shelter made of cloth and supported with
  poles and ropes We can put up our tent just here.

  terraced house n C /terst has/ a house in a row of similar
  houses joined together on both sides Accommodation in British town
  centres is usually in apartment blocks or rows of old terraced
  houses.

  tree house n C /trihas/ a small shelter built in a tree for
  children to play in He built a tree house in the garden.

  wallpaper * n U /wlpep(r)/ thick paper that you stick on walls
  inside a house to decorate them You couldnt put green wallpaper in
  bedrooms.

  windmill n C /wn(d)ml/ a tall building with sails (=long pieces
  of wood or metal) that turn in the wind and produce power to crush
  grain or produce electricity

  The Dutch built windmills for many centuries.

  Sleep

  fall asleep phr /fl slip/ to change into the state of being
  asleep I sometimes fall asleep in front of the TV.

  feel sleepy phr /fil slipi/ if you feel sleepy, you feel tired
  and want to sleep On some days when Louis was feeling sleepy, he
  didnt get up at all.

  get to sleep phr /get t slip/ to begin sleeping, especially if
  it is difficult to do so What do you do when you cant get to
  sleep?

  go to sleep phr /g t slip/ to begin sleeping What time do the
  kids usually go to sleep?

  have a nap phr /hv np/ to sleep for a short time, usually during
  the day I sometimes have a nap after lunch.

  heavy sleeper n C /hev slip(r)/ someone who does not wake easily
  when they are sleeping The noise didnt wake me because Im a heavy
  sleeper.

  light sleeper n C /lat slip(r)/ someone who wakes easily when
  they are sleeping I need a quiet bedroom because Im a light
  sleeper.

  make the bed phr /mek bed/ to arrange the covers on a bed so
  that they are neat I always make the bed first thing in the
  morning.

  set the alarm clock phr /set i l(r)m klk/

  to change the controls on an alarm clock so that it will ring at
  a particular time

  I sometimes forget to set my alarm clock.

  wake up * v /wek p/ to stop sleeping I woke at 5 oclock this
  morning.

  Other words & phrases

  airy adj /eri/ with a lot of fresh air and space The bedrooms
  were all light and airy.

  arsenic n U /(r)s()nk/ a very strong chemical that is used in
  industry and as a poison for killing small animals such as rats

  She was treated for arsenic poisoning.

  bench ** n C /bent/ a hard seat for two or more people, usually
  outside in a public place

  He had to sleep on a park bench.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  best-seller n C /bestsel(r)/ a book that many people buy Tom
  wrote his first best-seller at the age of 23.

  big deal n C /bg dil/ something that is very important Its no
  big deal.

  bill *** n C /bl/ a written statement showing how much money you
  owe someone for goods or services you have received

  We got a huge phone bill this month.

  candle ** n C /knd()l/ a stick of wax with a string in it called
  a wick that you burn to give light

  Blow out the candle.

  chef * n C /ef/ someone who cooks food in a restaurant as their
  job Shes a qualified chef.

  chemical *** n C / adj /kemk()l/ a substance used in chemistry
  or produced by a process involving chemistry

  You must wear gloves when handling any of these chemicals.

  conduct *** v /kndkt/ to do something in an organized way. In
  ordinary speech it is more usual to say that someone carries
  something out

  He conducted the days business from his bed.

  convenient ** adj /knvinint/ a convenient place is one that is
  near the place where you are and is easy to get to

  Its really convenient for the shops.

  conviction ** n C /knvk()n/ a decision by a court of law that
  someone is guilty of a crime She has a conviction for dangerous
  driving.

  crash ** v /kr/ to hit something hard, making a loud noise and
  often causing damage

  The waves come crashing down on the rocks around the house.

  day-to-day * adj /detde/ happening every day as part of your
  normal life Hes responsible for the day-to-day running of the
  company.

  deserved adj /dz(r)vd/ if something is deserved, it is right
  that you have it or get it She has a deserved reputation for
  honesty and sincerity.

  dramatic *** adj /drmtk/ exciting and impressive What other job
  lets you live somewhere so dramatic?

  drawback n C /drbk/ a feature of something that makes it less
  useful than it could be The main drawback of the scheme is its
  expense.

  dull ** adj /dl/ boring, or not interesting It can be a bit dull
  at times.

  effect *** n C /fekt/ a change that is produced in one person or
  thing by another They all suffered the physical effects of lack of
  sleep.

  enormous *** adj /n(r)ms/ very large in size or quantity The
  enormous birthday cake dwarfed everything else on the table.

  feel free phr /fil fri/ used for telling someone that they can
  do something if they want to

  Feel free to contact us at any time.

  for good adv /f(r) gd/ permanently, without the possibility of
  change in the future It looks like Jamie has left for good this
  time.

  found *** v /fand/ to start an organization, company, political
  party etc The newspaper was founded in 1909.

  growth *** n U /r/ an increase in the number, size, or
  importance of something There has been a growth in restaurants
  serving British food.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  halfway * adj / adv /hfwe/ at an equal distance from two places
  or from the two ends of something

  Isnt it a bit dangerous living halfway up a tree?

  hammock n C /hmk/ a bed consisting of a long piece of cloth or
  net tied at each end to posts or trees

  Sailors used to sleep in hammocks.

  a helping hand phr / help hnd/ assistance Everybody has to lend
  a helping hand and take responsibility for the day-to-day running
  of the community.

  hostel n C /hst()l/ a building where people living away from
  home can stay and get meals at low prices

  When a rich traveller arrived at a busy hostel, he could take
  the place in bed of a poorer person.

  incense n U /nsens/ a substance that creates a strong but
  pleasant smell when burned. Incense is often used in religious
  ceremonies.

  The smell of incense was all around us.

  inn * n C /n/ a small hotel or pub, especially one in the
  country We stayed at the village inn.

  isolated * adj /asletd/ an isolated place is far away from towns
  and cities. They live in an isolated farmhouse.

  isolation ** n U /asle()n/ the state of being separated from
  other people, or a situation in which you do not have the support
  of other people

  She became depressed and experienced an increasing sense of
  isolation.

  keep (sb) company v /kip kmp()n/ to spend time with someone Ill
  come with you to keep you company.

  living conditions n pl /lv knd()nz/

  the environment in which people must live and work Living
  conditions in the workhouses were very hard.

  loads of ** phr /ldz v/ a lot of something, often something
  unpleasant Hes making loads of money.

  lounge * n C /land/ a comfortable room in a house where people
  sit and relax You mustnt smoke in the lounge.

  lunar adj /lun(r)/ relating to the moon Astronauts on the first
  lunar missions had big problems getting a good nights sleep.

  module *** n C /mdjul/ a part of a space vehicle that is used
  separately to do a particular job

  They had no hammocks in the lunar module.

  noisy * adj /nzi/ full of noise It gets quite noisy at
  night.

  obviously *** adv /bvisli/ used for emphasizing that you know
  people already know or understand what you are talking about

  Obviously Ill have to think about your offer carefully.

  organic * adj /(r)nk/ organic food or drink is produced using
  only a small number of artificial chemicals

  More and more people are eating organic food.

  owner *** n C /n(r)/ someone who owns something I am the owner
  of three antique cars.

  paradise * n C / U /prdas/ a perfect place or situation The
  Seychelles are what most people think of as an island paradise.

  poisonous * adj /pz()ns/ containing poison Arsenic is highly
  poisonous.

  poverty ** n U /pv(r)ti/ a situation in which someone does not
  have enough money to pay for their basic needs

  Half the worlds population is living in poverty.

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  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  refugee ** n C /refjdi/ someone who leaves their country,
  especially during a war or other threatening event

  Thousands of refugees have entered the camps along the borders
  in recent days.

  reputation *** n C / U /repjte()n/ the opinion that people have
  about how good or how bad someone or something is

  Does your country have a good reputation for food?

  responsibility *** n C / U /rspnsblti/ if you take
  responsibility for something, you make sure that you or someone
  else does it

  Everybody has to lend a helping hand and take responsibility for
  the day-to-day running of the community.

  ridge ** n C /rd/ the long narrow top of a mountain or group of
  mountains The cottage is set on a ridge in the Chiltern Hills.

  rubbish ** n U /rb/ things that you throw away because they are
  no longer useful, such as old food, paper or plastic used for
  wrapping things, and empty containers

  We arent allowed to put the rubbish out before 8 pm.

  sanitary adj /snt()ri/ relating to peoples health, especially to
  the system of supplying water and dealing with human waste

  Overcrowding has now been added to poor sanitary conditions.

  scenery * n U /sinri/ natural things such as trees, hills, and
  lakes that you can see in a particular place

  Visitors come to enjoy the spectacular mountain scenery.

  shortage ** n C /(r)td/ a lack of something that you need or
  want There is no shortage of families who want to join.

  substance *** n C /sbstns/ a particular type of liquid, solid,
  or gas The wood is coated with a special substance that protects it
  from the sun.

  sunshade n C /sned/ a type of umbrella used for protecting your
  face and head from the sun

  Would you mind if I moved the sunshade a little?

  task *** n C /tsk/ something that you have to do, often
  something that is difficult or unpleasant

  No task is too boring for them.

  uniform ** n C /junf(r)m/ a set of clothes that you wear to show
  that you are part of a particular organization or school

  He was still wearing his school uniform.

  vacation n C /vke()n/ a holiday Shes on vacation this week and
  next.

  valet n C /vlt/ /vle/

  a man whose job is to look after another mans clothes and cook
  his meals

  His valet woke him up at 8.30.

  waiting list n C /wet lst/ a list of people waiting for
  something that may become available, for example a service or a
  place in a school

  There are more than 70 on the waiting list.

  wave *** n C /wev/ a line of water that rises up on the surface
  of a sea, lake, or river I love the sea in winter when the waves
  are enormous.

  wooden *** adj /wd()n/ made of wood They live in a large wooden
  house.

  workhouse n C /w(r)khas/ in the past, a building where poor
  people in Britain were sent to live and were given unpleasant work
  to do

  The governments solution to poverty was the building of
  workhouses.

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  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  Idioms (taking risks)

  a bit of a gamble phr / bt v gmb()l/

  if something is a bit of a gamble, there is a risk associated
  with it Its a bit of a gamble, but I think we should give it a
  go.

  a lot at stake phr / lt t stek/ a lot that is likely to be lost
  or damaged if something fails Theres a lot at stake here, I really
  dont think its a good idea.

  against the odds phr /genst i dz/ unlikely to happen The chances
  of becoming a millionaire are definitely well against the odds.

  give something a go

  phr /gv g/ to try to do something Its a bit of a gamble, but I
  think we should give it a go.

  its a lottery phr /ts ltri/ used to say that everything in a
  situation depends on luck or chance

  Its a lottery but if we dont play, well never win anything.

  play safe phr /ple sef/ to behave carefully so that something
  involves very little risk We could take a risk and win a million or
  we could play safe and keep what we have.

  try your luck phr /tra j(r) lk/ to try something that may not be
  successful I never try my luck because I always lose.

  Injuries

  ankle ** n C /k()l/ the part at the bottom of your leg where
  your foot joins your leg I fell and twisted my ankle.

  black eye n C /blk a/ a dark mark that forms on the skin around
  your eye as a result of being hit

  He gave him a black eye.

  bleed * v /blid/ to have blood flowing from your body, for
  example from a cut He was bleeding from a wound in his
  shoulder.

  bruise * v / n C /bruz/ to cause a mark to appear on someones
  body by hitting or knocking it

  She bruised her leg quite badly when she fell.

  burn *** v / n C /b(r)n/ to injure someone or a part of your
  body with something hot The sand was so hot it burnt my feet.

  frostbitten adj /frs(t)bt()n/ affected by frostbite Put
  dressings between frostbitten fingers or toes to keep them
  separated.

  scratch * n C / v /skrt/ a cut on the surface of your skin Dont
  worry. Its just a scratch.

  shock *** n U / v /k/ a medical condition in which you suddenly
  become very weak and cold and do not react normally, especially
  after a serious accident or injury

  Hes suffering from shock.

  sprain n C / v /spren/ to injure a joint such as your wrist by
  suddenly stretching or turning it too much

  My grandma sprained her knee.

  wrist ** n C /rst/ the part of your body between your hand and
  your arm He looked at the gold watch on his wrist.

  suffer from *** v /sf(r) frm/ to have a particular illness or
  physical problem She suffered from depression for most of her adult
  life.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  twist ** v /twst/ to injure a part of your body such as your
  knee or wrist by bending it too much or by bending it in the wrong
  direction

  Ive twisted my ankle so I wont be able to play.

  unconscious * adj /nkns/ in a condition similar to sleep in
  which you do not see, feel, or think, usually because you are
  injured

  She was unconscious but still breathing when the ambulance
  arrived.

  Other words & phrases

  according to *** prep /k(r)d tu/ used for saying where
  information or ideas have come from According to locals, John is
  already planning to buy the pub.

  addict * n C /dkt/ someone who likes a particular activity very
  much and spends as much time as they can doing it

  Hes a real TV addict.

  all-night adj /l nat/ an all-night shop, restaurant, bus service
  etc continues to operate for the whole night

  They went to an all-night supermarket.

  balcony * n C /blkni/ a place where you can stand just outside
  an upper window. It sticks out from the wall of a building

  Her son locked her out on the balcony.

  billion ** n C /bljn/ the number 1,000,000,000 Over 1.5 billion
  of the money goes to the government in taxes.

  burglar * n C /b(r)l(r)/ someone who enters a building illegally
  in order to steal things Burglars broke into the gallery and stole
  dozens of priceless paintings.

  catch fire v /kt fa(r)/ to start burning The car overturned and
  caught fire.

  choir * n C /kwa(r)/ a group of singers who perform together,
  for example in a church or school

  Shes a member of the church choir.

  coincidence * n C /knsd()ns/ a situation in which separate
  things happen by chance at the same time or in the same way

  It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact
  moment.

  corpse * n C /k(r)ps/ the body of a dead person Rescue workers
  found 17 corpses in the water.

  critic *** n C /krtk/ someone who does not like something and
  states their opinion about it

  Some critics of the lottery call it a tax on the poor.

  destroy *** v /dstr/ to damage something so severely that it no
  longer exists or can never return to its normal state

  Half the worlds rainforests have already been destroyed.

  droppings n pl /drpz/ the faeces (=solid waste) of animals or
  birds Some bird droppings fell on his head.

  end up v /end p/ to be in a particular place or state after
  doing something or because of doing it

  I ended up spending the night in the airport.

  explode ** v /kspld/ to burst with a lot of force and a loud
  noise Bombs were exploding all over the city.

  explosion ** n C /kspl()n/ an occasion when something bursts
  with a lot of force and a loud noise, often causing damage

  There has been a nuclear explosion.

  fancy ** v /fnsi/ used when you are very surprised about
  something Fancy that!

  fry * v /fra/ to cook food in hot oil or fat Heat the oil in a
  large pan and fry the onion and garlic for 5 minutes.

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  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  gamble * v /mb()l/ to risk money or something valuable in the
  hope of winning more if you are lucky or if you guess something
  correctly

  We used to gamble at the casino in Monte Carlo.

  gangster n C /st(r)/ a member of an organized group of criminals
  Its a movie about Chicago gangsters in the 1920s.

  good cause n C /gd kz/ an organization, plan, or activity that
  you are willing to support because it provides help or benefit to
  people who need it

  When lottery money starts coming in, governments usually reduce
  the amount that they normally spend on good causes.

  handful ** n C /hn(d)fl/ the quantity of something that you can
  hold in your hand He gave me a handful of coins.

  have (sth) in common

  phr /hv n kmn/ to have the same interests, opinions or features
  as someone or something

  Ask your partner questions and find six things you have in
  common.

  haystack n C /hestk/ a large pile of hay in a field, that has
  been built up and covered in order to store it

  The haystack caught fire.

  hiker n C /hak(r)/ someone whose hobby is taking long walks in
  the countryside The 41-year-old hiker was climbing in the Alps last
  Saturday when it suddenly started to snow.

  icy * adj /asi/ covered with ice The train came off the rails
  and fell into an icy river.

  income *** n C / U /nkm/ money that someone gets from working or
  from investing money These families have no source of income when
  the harvest is over.

  industry *** n C /ndstri/ a particular kind of business, trade,
  or service and the people who work in it

  The turnover for the gambling industry in the UK alone is over
  42 billion per year.

  its (not) worth it phr /ts nt w t/ used to say that something is
  not worth the time, money, or effort that you spend on it

  We wanted to go away for a week but then decided it wasnt worth
  it.

  jackpot n C /dkpt/ a large amount of money that someone wins in
  a card game, the lottery, or another game involving money

  They won a 1.7 million pound jackpot.

  jet set n C /det set/ rich people who travel to a lot of
  different parts of the world and have exciting lives

  Hes a member of the jet set.

  jump *** v /dmp/ to move somewhere quickly and suddenly They
  jumped into a police car thinking it was their getaway car.

  kidnap * v /kdnp/ to illegally take someone away and make them a
  prisoner, especially in order to make their family or government
  give you money or allow you to do what you want

  Three journalists have been kidnapped by extremists.

  knock *** v /nk/ to hit someone very hard, so that they fall or
  become unconscious The bus knocked him over.

  legal *** adj /li()l/ relating to the law or lawyers You may
  wish to seek legal advice before signing the contract.

  leisure club n C /le(r) klb/ an organization that provides a
  place where its members can go and eat, relax, or stay

  Were you at that new White Rose leisure club last night?

  lightning * n U /latn/ the bright flashes of light that you see
  in the sky during a storm She lay awake, listening to the thunder
  and lightning.

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  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  liquid ** n C / U /lkwd/ a substance that can flow, has no fixed
  shape, and is not a solid or a gas

  The detergent is available as a powder or a liquid.

  local *** adj / n C /lk()l/ in or related to the area that you
  live in, or to the particular area that you are talking about

  Ask for the book in your local library.

  make-up * n U /mek p/ substances that people put on their faces,
  including their eyes and lips, in order to look attractive or to
  change their appearance

  Rachel was still putting on her make-up when the taxi
  arrived.

  nearby ** adj / adv /n(r)ba/ a nearby place is not far away I
  found it on a nearby table.

  partly *** adv /p(r)tli/ to some degree, but not completely Ill
  admit I was partly to blame.

  pepperoni n U /peprni/ a type of Italian sausage that is used in
  foods such as pizza Ill have a pepperoni pizza, please.

  petrol station n C /petrl ste()n/ a garage that sells petrol for
  your car. The American word is gas station

  Wheres the nearest petrol station?

  pile ** n C /pal/ a number of things put on top of each other
  Theres a pile of books and papers on my desk.

  plough into v /pla ntu/ to crash into someone or something with
  force, especially because you are moving or driving too quickly or
  in a careless or uncontrolled way

  Luckily no one was hurt when their car ploughed into a tree.

  profile ** n C /prfal/ the public image of a person or
  organization, and the attention that they get from the public or
  journalists

  Some charities, especially the low profile ones, can find
  themselves with less money.

  puddle n C /pd()l/ a small pool of water, especially on a road
  after rain I stepped in a deep puddle on my way to work.

  pupil *** n C /pjup()l/ someone, especially a child, who goes to
  school or who has lessons in a particular subject

  There are about 30 pupils in each class.

  quick-fix adj /kwkfks/ a quick-fix solution to a problem can be
  found and used quickly, but may not last very long

  The lottery clearly isnt the quick-fix solution to lifes
  problems.

  rail *** n C /rel/ one of the pair of metal bars that a train
  travels on The train came off the rails at the junction.

  reduce *** v /rdjus/ to make something smaller or less in size,
  amount, importance etc Try to reduce the amount of fat in your
  diet.

  regularly *** adv /rejl(r)li/ after equal amounts of time have
  passed, for example every day or every month

  People who exercise regularly are less likely to feel
  stress.

  rescue ** v / n C /reskju/ to save someone from a dangerous or
  unpleasant situation The crew of the tanker were rescued just
  minutes before it sank in heavy seas.

  scream ** v / n C /skrim/ to make a loud high cry because you
  are hurt, frightened, or excited

  She opened her mouth to scream.

  smash ** v /sm/ to break something noisily into many pieces by
  dropping or hitting it with a lot of force

  Someone had smashed a window.

  snake * n C /snek/ a long thin animal with no legs and a smooth
  skin. Some snakes have a poisonous bite that can kill

  Ive got several unusual pets, including a snake.

  sneeze v /sniz/ to loudly blow air out of your nose in a sudden
  uncontrolled way Ive been sneezing all morning.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  solution *** n C /slu()n/ a way to solve a problem or to deal
  with a bad situation Putting children in prison is not the
  solution.

  solve *** v /slv/ to find a solution to something that is
  causing difficulties We can help you solve your financial
  problems.

  speedboat n C /spidbt/ a boat with a powerful motor that can go
  very fast He bought himself a speedboat with his winnings.

  spit * v /spt/ to force some of the clear liquid called saliva
  out from your mouth Dino leaned over and spat on the ground.

  spray * v / n C / U /spre/ if you spray a liquid, or if it
  sprays, it is forced out of a container through a small hole into
  the air

  The chemical is sprayed onto the roof to weatherproof it.

  squash n U /skw/ a game in which two players use rackets to hit
  a small ball against a wall. You play squash on an indoor area
  called a court.

  We play squash together every weekend.

  stuck adj /stk/ unable to escape from a place or situation,
  usually one that is difficult or unpleasant

  How long was the man stuck on the mountain?

  sum *** n C /sm/ an amount of money We already spend large sums
  of money on advertising.

  superstition n C /sup(r)st()n/ a belief that things such as
  magic or luck have the power to affect your life

  There are many superstitions about cats.

  survive *** v /s(r)vav/ to stay alive despite an injury,
  illness, war etc Just eight passengers survived the plane
  crash.

  symphony * n C /smfni/ a long piece of classical music played by
  a symphony orchestra I love Beethovens 5th Symphony.

  tempt ** v /tempt/ to make you want to do or to have something,
  especially something that is not good for you

  Dont be tempted to spend too much.

  toddler * n C /tdl(r)/ a very young child who is learning how to
  walk Toddlers should never be left unsupervised in the garden.

  toe ** n C /t/ one of the five individual parts at the end of
  your foot. Your big toe is the largest, and your little toe is the
  smallest

  Vera slipped off her shoes and wiggled her toes.

  turnover ** n U /t(r)nv(r)/ the value of the goods and services
  that a company sells in a particular period of time

  The company has an annual turnover of over 150 million.

  twist of fate phr /twst v fet/ an unlikely or surprising
  occurrence By some twist of fate he arrived back where he had
  started.

  warehouse ** n C /we(r)has/ a big building where large amounts
  of goods are stored Goods are sent directly from our warehouse.

  wave ** v /wev/ to move your hand to say hello or goodbye or as
  a signal I shouted and waved.

  no rest for the wicked

  phr /n rest f wkd/

  used to say humorously that you have a lot of work to do No rest
  for the wicked!

  youre kidding phr /j(r) kd/ used to express disbelief that
  something is true Youre kidding! You live in Harlech Crescent!

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  Adjectives

  comfortable *** adj /kmftb()l/ pleasant to wear, hold, or use It
  was a very stylish place, and the chairs were very comfortable.

  crowded * adj /kradd/ containing a lot of people, especially too
  many The train was very crowded.

  delicious * adj /dls/ with a very pleasant taste or smell The
  fruit tasted delicious.

  efficient *** adj /f()nt/ something that is efficient works well
  and produces good results by using the available time, money,
  supplies etc in the most effective way

  The new machine is far more efficient than the old one.

  fashionable ** adj /f()nb()l/ popular at a particular time She
  always wears fashionable clothes.

  healthy *** adj /heli/ helping you to stay physically strong and
  not ill We serve healthy and delicious food.

  popular *** adj /ppjl(r)/ a popular activity, place, thing etc
  is one that many people like Its a really popular brand of cat
  food.

  reliable ** adj /rlab()l/ a reliable vehicle, piece of
  equipment, or system always works well

  This is a better and more reliable car than my last one.

  strong *** adj /str/ not easily broken, damaged, or destroyed I
  always use a strong rope when I go climbing.

  stylish * adj /stal/ attractive, or well arranged We bought some
  sturdy yet stylish garden furniture.

  Negative prefixes (adjectives)

  dishonest * adj /dsnst/ willing to do things that are not
  honest, for example tell lies or steal things

  They admitted that there were dishonest officers in the police
  force.

  disloyal adj /dsll/ not loyal to someone who you have a close
  relationship with or to an organization that you belong to

  She has no intention of being disloyal to his friends.

  dissatisfied * adj /dsstsfad/ annoyed because something is not
  as good as you expected it to be

  He had been feeling very dissatisfied with his life in recent
  months.

  impatient * adj /mpe()nt/ not patient My boss gets very
  impatient when I dont finish work quickly enough.

  impolite * adj /mplat/ not polite It would be impolite to leave
  the party so early.

  impossible *** adj /mpsb()l/ if something is impossible, no one
  can do it or it cannot happen We were faced with an impossible
  task.

  improbable adj /mprbb()l/ not likely to happen or to be true It
  was a rather improbable story.

  inaccurate adj /nkjrt/ not accurate or correct Im afraid weve
  got inaccurate information.

  inconvenient adj /nknvinint/ causing difficulties or extra
  effort Have I come at an inconvenient time?

  incorrect * adj /nkrekt/ wrong, or not accurate or true I gave
  an incorrect answer.

  insufficient ** adj /nsf()nt/ not enough The police had
  insufficient evidence to arrest him.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  unbelievable adj /nblivb()l/ used for emphasizing how good, bad,
  impressive etc something is The cheering inside the stadium was
  unbelievable.

  unlucky adj /nlki/ not lucky We were unlucky not to win any
  prizes in the competition.

  unprepared adj /nprpe(r)d/ not ready for a particular situation,
  event, or process A few of the questions caught me unprepared.

  unsuccessful * adj /nsksesf()l/ not successful Unfortunately my
  job application was unsuccessful.

  Office activities

  do a report phr /du rp(r)t/ to write or produce a report But the
  next minute theyre asking you whether youve done that urgent
  report.

  do some photocopying

  phr /du sm ftkpi/

  to use a machine to make some photocopies I have to do some last
  minute photocopying.

  do the filing phr /du fal/ to put papers into order in order to
  store them Would you mind doing the filing for me?

  make a phone call phr /mek fn kl/ to call someone on the phone I
  make more phone calls in the morning.

  make a report phr /mek rp(r)t/ to write or produce a report I
  have to make a report for my boss.

  make a photocopy phr /mek ftkpi/ to use a machine to produce a
  photocopy Could you make a photocopy of that for me?

  make the coffee phr /mek kfi/ to prepare cups of coffee for
  people My colleague makes the coffee every morning.

  receive an email phr /rsiv n imel/ to get an email They always
  make sure they have their cell phones and laptops with them so they
  can send and receive emails.

  receive a phone call

  phr /rsiv fn kl/ to get a phone call from someone I received a
  phone call from the head office earlier.

  send an email phr /send n imel/ to use a computer to direct an
  email to someone Could you send an email to the rest of the
  team?

  send a report phr /send rp(r)t/ to direct a report to someone by
  posting it or using email I have to send a report to my boss by the
  end of the week.

  write an email phr /rat n imel/ to put words together to make an
  email Im writing an email at the moment.

  write a report phr /rat rp(r)t/ to put words together to make a
  report I really need to finish writing a report.

  Office supplies

  biro n C /bar/ a plastic pen that uses a small metal ball at its
  point to move the ink inside the pen onto paper

  The teacher marked their homework with a red biro.

  calculator * n C /klkjlet(r)/ a small piece of electronic
  equipment used for doing calculations Pocket calculators must not
  be used in the exam.

  drawing pin n C /dr pn/ a short pin with a flat top, used for
  fastening paper to a wall The poster is held up with drawing
  pins.

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  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  elastic band n C /lstk bnd/ a circle of elastic that you put
  around several things to hold them together

  Seal the bag using a strong elastic band.

  highlighter (pen) n C /halat(r) (pen)/ a brightly coloured pen,
  used for marking important words on a document

  Underline the important parts with a highlighter.

  in-tray n C /ntre/ a container on your desk where you keep
  documents and letters that are ready to be read or answered

  I cant leave work until my in-tray is empty.

  ink cartridge n C /k k(r)trd/ a small container with ink inside
  that you put into a printer or pen I just wanted six packs of paper
  for the printer and er, a couple of ink cartridges, colour.

  mouse mat n C /mas mt/ a piece of soft material that you move a
  computer mouse around on. The usual American word is mousepad

  Where can I buy a mouse mat with wrist support?

  note pad n C /nt pd/ several sheets of paper joined together
  along one edge, used for writing notes

  He ordered a couple of note pads from the stationery
  department.

  paper clip n C /pep(r)klp/ a small piece of bent wire used for
  holding pieces of paper together

  The photocopies were attached with a paper clip.

  pencil sharpener n C /pens()l (r)p()n(r)/

  an object with a blade inside, used for making a pencil sharper
  Can I borrow a pencil sharpener? My pencil is blunt.

  Post-its n pl /pstts/ a small piece of coloured paper with a
  sticky substance on the back that is used for writing notes and
  temporarily sticking them on other papers and surfaces

  He wrote the message on a Post-it and stuck it on the door.

  rubber n C /rb(r)/ a small piece of rubber used for removing
  pencil marks from paper. The American word is eraser.

  Do it in pencil first, then you can use a rubber if you make a
  mistake.

  scissors * n pl /sz(r)z/ a tool for cutting paper, consisting of
  two blades joined in a cross that you open and shut like jaws

  I need a pair of scissors to cut this up.

  stapler n C /stepl(r)/ a small object used for fastening pieces
  of paper with a staple I used a stapler to attach a photo to the
  application form.

  Tippex n U /tpeks/ a white liquid used for covering mistakes in
  something that you are writing or typing

  Give the Tippex a moment to dry before you write over it.

  Other words & phrases

  advertiser n C /dv(r)taz(r)/ someone who advertises something So
  far the newspaper has failed to attract new advertisers.

  aggressive ** adj /resv/ behaving in an angry or rude way that
  shows you want to fight, attack, or argue with someone

  The caller was rude and aggressive.

  annoying ** adj /n/ making you feel slightly angry or impatient
  He has some very annoying habits.

  appeal *** v /pil/ if something appeals to you, you like it or
  want it The shows direct approach will appeal to children.

  appreciate ** v /priiet/ to be grateful for something I
  appreciate your time.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 28

  Unit 5 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWords
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  approval *** n U /pruv()l/ a positive feeling that you have
  toward someone or something that you think is good or suitable

  Shes always looking for signs of approval from her boss.

  big business n U /bg bzns/ important business activity that
  makes a lot of money Organized science had allied itself with big
  business and government.

  blank ** adj /blk/ blank paper or a blank space is empty and
  contains no writing or other marks

  The last three boxes should be left blank.

  bossy adj /bsi/ someone who is bossy keeps telling other people
  what to do, in a way that annoys them

  Dont be so bossy!

  brand ** n C /brnd/ a product or group of products that has its
  own name and is made by one particular company. The word for a
  machine or vehicle made by one particular company is a make

  We stock all leading brands.

  buffet n C /bfe/ a meal at which all the food is put on a table
  and people go and choose what they want

  A buffet lunch will be served at 1 oclock.

  bully * n C /bli/ someone who uses their power or social
  position to threaten or frighten someone else in order to get what
  they want

  When theres a crisis in the office, the happy, joking friend
  disappears and is replaced by a bossy bully.

  catch (sbs) attention

  phr /kt ten()n/ to make someone notice someone or something How
  many different ways of catching childrens attention are mentioned
  in the text?

  cereal * n C / U /sril/ a food made from grain, for example
  wheat, oats, or corn, mainly eaten with milk for breakfast

  I had a bowl of cereal for breakfast.

  client *** n C /klant/ someone who pays for the services of a
  professional person such as a doctor or lawyer

  She advises clients on their investments.

  code *** n C /kd/ a set of numbers or letters that gives
  information about something, for example by showing what it is or
  when it was made

  Write the authorisation code in the box below.

  commercial * n C /km(r)()l/ an advertisement on television or
  radio The company has brought out a new TV commercial.

  compete *** v /kmpit/ to try to be more successful than other
  companies or people in business

  Were too small to compete with a company like that.

  compliment * n C /kmplmnt/ something nice that you say to praise
  someone He kept paying me compliments on my cooking.

  consumer *** n C /knsjum(r)/ someone who buys and uses goods and
  services. The expression the consumer is often used for referring
  to consumers as a group

  He has always shown a shrewd understanding of what consumers
  want.

  corridor ** n C /krd(r)/ a long passage inside a building with
  doors on each side I went along the corridor to her office.

  cover *** n C /kv(r)/ something that you put over something else
  in order to hide it, protect it, or close it

  She put plastic covers on all the furniture.

  credit limit n C /kredt lmt/ the maximum amount of money that a
  customer can borrow using a particular credit card account

  The credit card company keeps raising my credit limit.

  crisis *** n C /krass/ an urgent, difficult, or dangerous
  situation People spend less money in a period of economic
  crisis.

• Straightforward Elementary Second edition Macmillan Publishers
  Limited 2012 29

  Unit 5 | Main vocabulary Straightforward | IntermediateWords
  Frequency

  of UsePart of speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample
  Sentence

  cutback n C /ktbk/ a reduction in something such as the amount
  of money available to spend

  The company will be forced to ma