Insects with the word fly

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Fly

Temporal range: 245 –0 Ma

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Middle Triassic – Recent

Bessenbandzweefvlieg Vrouwtje (2).JPG
Hoverfly Syrphus ribesii shows the main dipteran features: large eyes, small antennae, sucking mouthparts, single pair of flying wings, hindwings reduced to clublike halteres
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Superorder: Panorpida
(unranked): Antliophora
Order: Diptera
Linnaeus, 1758

A fly (plural: flies) is an insect of the order Diptera.[1] The Diptera is a large order of advanced flying insects.

Their most obvious difference from other insects is in their flight. A normal fly has two flight wings on its thorax and a pair of halteres. The halteres, which evolved from the hind wings, act as flight sensors: they are balance organs. Also flies have large eyes with excellent wide-angle vision.

With the help of their eyes and halteres, flies are exceptional fliers. They can avoid most predators, and are among the hardest insects to capture by hand. Their jinks, dives and turns to avoid their predators is their main adaptation.[2] «These flies do a precise and fast calculation to avoid a specific threat and they are doing it using a brain that is as small as a grain of salt»…. «And they can fly like an ace at birth. It’s like putting a newborn baby in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft and it knowing what to do».[2]

The only other order of insects bearing two true, working wings plus any form of halteres are the Strepsiptera, a small order of insects. In contrast to the flies, the Strepsiptera evolved their halteres from their front wings and their flight wings are their rear wings.

The presence of a single pair of wings distinguishes true flies from other insects with «fly» in their name, such as mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies, stoneflies, whiteflies, fireflies, sawflies, caddisflies, butterflies or scorpionflies.

Some true flies have become secondarily wingless, including some that live in social insect colonies.

Life cycle[change | change source]

Flies are also holometabolous, with complete metamorphosis. This means their eggs turn into grubs, which eat voratious. Then they turn into pupae. Their bodies change while they are in the pupa.

Kinds of flies[change | change source]

There are an estimated 1,000,000 species, although only about 150,000 species have been described.[3]

There are many different kinds of flies. Scientists have named 125,000 kinds (species).[3]

  • Houseflies are grey or black and can be found wherever people are.
  • Horse flies and deer flies can bite people and animals.
  • Fruit flies can be found near fruit that is too ripe.
  • Hoverflies look like small wasps, but they have no sting.

Some flies do not have the word fly in their name, so people may not know they are flies.

  • Mosquitoes are flies that bite people and can carry diseases, such as malaria.
  • Midges are small flies, a bit like like mosquitoes, but not all midges bite.
  • Gnats are small flies that sometimes are in big groups called swarms.

Some insects have the word fly in their names, but they are not flies at all.

  • Fireflies are a kind of beetle that can make light.
  • Dragonflies and damselflies are from the order Odonata and are not flies.

References[change | change source]

  1. from the Greek di = two, and ptera = wings
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ghosh, Pallab 2014. Flies can manoeuvre like fighter jets. ‘BBC News Science & Environment. [1]
  3. 3.0 3.1 Mayhew, Peter J. 2007. Why are there so many insect species? Perspectives from fossils and phylogenies. Biological Reviews. 82 (3): 425–454. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00018.x. PMID 17624962.
Fly

Temporal range: 245 –0 Ma

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Middle Triassic – Recent

Six Diptera.jpg
Diptera from different families:

Housefly (Muscidae) (top left)

Haematopota pluvialis (Tabanidae) (top right)

Ctenophora pectinicornis (Tipulidae) (mid left)

Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Culicidae) (mid right)

Milesia crabroniformis (Syrphidae) (bottom left)

Holcocephala fusca (Asilidae) (bottom right)

Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Superorder: Panorpida
(unranked): Antliophora
Order: Diptera
Linnaeus, 1758
Suborders

Nematocera (includes Eudiptera)
Brachycera

Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- «two», and πτερόν pteron «wing». Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics.[1] Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies,[a] crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described.[4]

Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the larval food-source and the larvae, which lack true limbs, develop in a protected environment, often inside their food source. Other species like Metopia argyrocephala are ovoviviparous, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching maggots instead of eggs on carrion, dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals. The pupa is a tough capsule from which the adult emerges when ready to do so; flies mostly have short lives as adults.

Diptera is one of the major insect orders and of considerable ecological and human importance. Flies are important pollinators, second only to the bees and their Hymenopteran relatives. Flies may have been among the evolutionarily earliest pollinators responsible for early plant pollination. Fruit flies are used as model organisms in research, but less benignly, mosquitoes are vectors for malaria, dengue, West Nile fever, yellow fever, encephalitis, and other infectious diseases; and houseflies, commensal with humans all over the world, spread food-borne illnesses. Flies can be annoyances especially in some parts of the world where they can occur in large numbers, buzzing and settling on the skin or eyes to bite or seek fluids. Larger flies such as tsetse flies and screwworms cause significant economic harm to cattle. Blowfly larvae, known as gentles, and other dipteran larvae, known more generally as maggots, are used as fishing bait and as food for carnivorous animals. They are also used in medicine in debridement to clean wounds.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Relationships to other insects

Dipterans are endopterygotes, insects that undergo radical metamorphosis. They belong to the Mecopterida, alongside the Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Lepidoptera and Trichoptera.[5][6] The possession of a single pair of wings distinguishes most true flies from other insects with «fly» in their names. However, some true flies such as Hippoboscidae (louse flies) have become secondarily wingless.[7]

The cladogram represents the current consensus view.[8]

Relationships between subgroups and families

The first true dipterans known are from the Middle Triassic (around 240 million years ago), and they became widespread during the Middle and Late Triassic.[9] Modern flowering plants did not appear until the Cretaceous (around 140 million years ago), so the original dipterans must have had a different source of nutrition other than nectar. Based on the attraction of many modern fly groups to shiny droplets, it has been suggested that they may have fed on honeydew produced by sap-sucking bugs which were abundant at the time, and dipteran mouthparts are well-adapted to softening and lapping up the crusted residues.[10] The basal clades in the Diptera include the Deuterophlebiidae and the enigmatic Nymphomyiidae.[11] Three episodes of evolutionary radiation are thought to have occurred based on the fossil record. Many new species of lower Diptera developed in the Triassic, about 220 million years ago. Many lower Brachycera appeared in the Jurassic, some 180 million years ago. A third radiation took place among the Schizophora at the start of the Paleogene, 66 million years ago.[11]

The phylogenetic position of Diptera has been controversial. The monophyly of holometabolous insects has long been accepted, with the main orders being established as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and it is the relationships between these groups which has caused difficulties. Diptera is widely thought to be a member of Mecopterida, along with Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Siphonaptera (fleas), Mecoptera (scorpionflies) and possibly Strepsiptera (twisted-wing flies). Diptera has been grouped with Siphonaptera and Mecoptera in the Antliophora, but this has not been confirmed by molecular studies.[12]

Diptera were traditionally broken down into two suborders, Nematocera and Brachycera, distinguished by the differences in antennae. The Nematocera are identified by their elongated bodies and many-segmented, often feathery antennae as represented by mosquitoes and crane flies. The Brachycera have rounder bodies and much shorter antennae.[13][14] Subsequent studies have identified the Nematocera as being non-monophyletic with modern phylogenies placing the Brachycera within grades of groups formerly placed in the Nematocera. The construction of a phylogenetic tree has been the subject of ongoing research. The following cladogram is based on the FLYTREE project.[15][16]

Diversity

Flies are often abundant and are found in almost all terrestrial habitats in the world apart from Antarctica. They include many familiar insects such as house flies, blow flies, mosquitoes, gnats, black flies, midges and fruit flies. More than 150,000 have been formally described and the actual species diversity is much greater, with the flies from many parts of the world yet to be studied intensively.[17][18] The suborder Nematocera include generally small, slender insects with long antennae such as mosquitoes, gnats, midges and crane-flies, while the Brachycera includes broader, more robust flies with short antennae. Many nematoceran larvae are aquatic.[19] There are estimated to be a total of about 19,000 species of Diptera in Europe, 22,000 in the Nearctic region, 20,000 in the Afrotropical region, 23,000 in the Oriental region and 19,000 in the Australasian region.[20] While most species have restricted distributions, a few like the housefly (Musca domestica) are cosmopolitan.[21] Gauromydas heros (Asiloidea), with a length of up to 7 cm (2.8 in), is generally considered to be the largest fly in the world,[22] while the smallest is Euryplatea nanaknihali, which at 0.4 mm (0.016 in) is smaller than a grain of salt.[23]

Brachycera are ecologically very diverse, with many being predatory at the larval stage and some being parasitic. Animals parasitised include molluscs, woodlice, millipedes, insects, mammals,[20] and amphibians.[24] Flies are the second largest group of pollinators after the Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and relatives). In wet and colder environments flies are significantly more important as pollinators. Compared to bees, they need less food as they do not need to provision their young. Many flowers that bear low nectar and those that have evolved trap pollination depend on flies.[25] It is thought that some of the earliest pollinators of plants may have been flies.[26]

The greatest diversity of gall forming insects are found among the flies, principally in the family Cecidomyiidae (gall midges).[27] Many flies (most importantly in the family Agromyzidae) lay their eggs in the mesophyll tissue of leaves with larvae feeding between the surfaces forming blisters and mines.[28] Some families are mycophagous or fungus feeding. These include the cave dwelling Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats) whose larvae are the only diptera with bioluminescence. The Sciaridae are also fungus feeders. Some plants are pollinated by fungus feeding flies that visit fungus infected male flowers.[29]

The larvae of Megaselia scalaris (Phoridae) are almost omnivorous and consume such substances as paint and shoe polish.[30] The Exorista mella (Walker) fly are considered generalists and parasitoids of a variety of hosts.[31] The larvae of the shore flies (Ephydridae) and some Chironomidae survive in extreme environments including glaciers (Diamesa sp., Chironomidae[32]), hot springs, geysers, saline pools, sulphur pools, septic tanks and even crude oil (Helaeomyia petrolei[32]).[20] Adult hoverflies (Syrphidae) are well known for their mimicry and the larvae adopt diverse lifestyles including being inquiline scavengers inside the nests of social insects.[33] Some brachycerans are agricultural pests, some bite animals and humans and suck their blood, and some transmit diseases.[20]

Anatomy and morphology

Flies are adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies. The first tagma of the fly, the head, bears the eyes, the antennae, and the mouthparts (the labrum, labium, mandible, and maxilla make up the mouthparts). The second tagma, the thorax, bears the wings and contains the flight muscles on the second segment, which is greatly enlarged; the first and third segments have been reduced to collar-like structures, and the third segment bears the halteres, which help to balance the insect during flight. The third tagma is the abdomen consisting of 11 segments, some of which may be fused, and with the 3 hindmost segments modified for reproduction.[34] Some Dipterans are mimics and can only be distinguished from their models by very careful inspection. An example of this is Spilomyia longicornis, which is a fly but mimics a vespid wasp.

A head of a fly, showing the two compound eyes and three simple eyes clearly.

Flies have a mobile head with a pair of large compound eyes on the sides of the head, and in most species, three small ocelli on the top. The compound eyes may be close together or widely separated, and in some instances are divided into a dorsal region and a ventral region, perhaps to assist in swarming behaviour. The antennae are well-developed but variable, being thread-like, feathery or comb-like in the different families. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking, as in the black flies, mosquitoes and robber flies, and for lapping and sucking as in many other groups.[34] Female horse-flies use knife-like mandibles and maxillae to make a cross-shaped incision in the host’s skin and then lap up the blood that flows. The gut includes large diverticulae, allowing the insect to store small quantities of liquid after a meal.[35]

For visual course control, flies’ optic flow field is analyzed by a set of motion-sensitive neurons.[36] A subset of these neurons is thought to be involved in using the optic flow to estimate the parameters of self-motion, such as yaw, roll, and sideward translation.[37] Other neurons are thought to be involved in analyzing the content of the visual scene itself, such as separating figures from the ground using motion parallax.[38][39] The H1 neuron is responsible for detecting horizontal motion across the entire visual field of the fly, allowing the fly to generate and guide stabilizing motor corrections midflight with respect to yaw.[40] The ocelli are concerned in the detection of changes in light intensity, enabling the fly to react swiftly to the approach of an object.[41]

Like other insects, flies have chemoreceptors that detect smell and taste, and mechanoreceptors that respond to touch. The third segments of the antennae and the maxillary palps bear the main olfactory receptors, while the gustatory receptors are in the labium, pharynx, feet, wing margins and female genitalia,[42] enabling flies to taste their food by walking on it. The taste receptors in females at the tip of the abdomen receive information on the suitability of a site for ovipositing.[41] Flies that feed on blood have special sensory structures that can detect infrared emissions, and use them to home in on their hosts, and many blood-sucking flies can detect the raised concentration of carbon dioxide that occurs near large animals.[43] Some tachinid flies (Ormiinae) which are parasitoids of bush crickets, have sound receptors to help them locate their singing hosts.[44]

Diptera have one pair of fore wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, or reduced hind wings, on the metathorax. A further adaptation for flight is the reduction in number of the neural ganglia, and concentration of nerve tissue in the thorax, a feature that is most extreme in the highly derived Muscomorpha infraorder.[35] Some species of flies are exceptional in that they are secondarily flightless. The only other order of insects bearing a single pair of true, functional wings, in addition to any form of halteres, are the Strepsiptera. In contrast to the flies, the Strepsiptera bear their halteres on the mesothorax and their flight wings on the metathorax.[45] Each of the fly’s six legs has a typical insect structure of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus, with the tarsus in most instances being subdivided into five tarsomeres.[34] At the tip of the limb is a pair of claws, and between these are cushion-like structures known as pulvilli which provide adhesion.[46]

The abdomen shows considerable variability among members of the order. It consists of eleven segments in primitive groups and ten segments in more derived groups, the tenth and eleventh segments having fused.[47] The last two or three segments are adapted for reproduction. Each segment is made up of a dorsal and a ventral sclerite, connected by an elastic membrane. In some females, the sclerites are rolled into a flexible, telescopic ovipositor.[34]

Flight

Flies are capable of great manoeuvrability during flight due to the presence of the halteres. These act as gyroscopic organs and are rapidly oscillated in time with the wings; they act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles, and flies deprived of their halteres are unable to fly. The wings and halteres move in synchrony but the amplitude of each wing beat is independent, allowing the fly to turn sideways.[48] The wings of the fly are attached to two kinds of muscles, those used to power it and another set used for fine control.[49]

Flies tend to fly in a straight line then make a rapid change in direction before continuing on a different straight path. The directional changes are called saccades and typically involve an angle of 90°, being achieved in 50 milliseconds. They are initiated by visual stimuli as the fly observes an object, nerves then activate steering muscles in the thorax that cause a small change in wing stroke which generate sufficient torque to turn. Detecting this within four or five wingbeats, the halteres trigger a counter-turn and the fly heads off in a new direction.[50]

Flies have rapid reflexes that aid their escape from predators but their sustained flight speeds are low. Dolichopodid flies in the genus Condylostylus respond in less than 5 milliseconds to camera flashes by taking flight.[51] In the past, the deer bot fly, Cephenemyia, was claimed to be one of the fastest insects on the basis of an estimate made visually by Charles Townsend in 1927.[52] This claim, of speeds of 600 to 800 miles per hour, was regularly repeated until it was shown to be physically impossible as well as incorrect by Irving Langmuir. Langmuir suggested an estimated speed of 25 miles per hour.[53][54][55]

Although most flies live and fly close to the ground, a few are known to fly at heights and a few like Oscinella (Chloropidae) are known to be dispersed by winds at altitudes of up to 2000 ft and over long distances.[56] Some hover flies like Metasyrphus corollae have been known to undertake long flights in response to aphid population spurts.[57]

Males of fly species such as Cuterebra, many hover flies,[58] bee flies (Bombyliidae)[59] and fruit flies (Tephritidae)[60] maintain territories within which they engage in aerial pursuit to drive away intruding males and other species.[61] While these territories may be held by individual males, some species, such as A. freeborni,[62] form leks with many males aggregating in displays.[60] Some flies maintain an airspace and still others form dense swarms that maintain a stationary location with respect to landmarks. Many flies mate in flight while swarming.[63]

Life cycle and development

Diptera go through a complete metamorphosis with four distinct life stages – egg, larva, pupa and adult.

Larva

In many flies, the larval stage is long and adults may have a short life. Most dipteran larvae develop in protected environments; many are aquatic and others are found in moist places such as carrion, fruit, vegetable matter, fungi and, in the case of parasitic species, inside their hosts. They tend to have thin cuticles and become desiccated if exposed to the air. Apart from the Brachycera, most dipteran larvae have sclerotised head capsules, which may be reduced to remnant mouth hooks; the Brachycera, however, have soft, gelatinized head capsules from which the sclerites are reduced or missing. Many of these larvae retract their heads into their thorax.[34][64] The spiracles in the larva and pupa don’t have any internal mechanical closing device.[65]

Some other anatomical distinction exists between the larvae of the Nematocera and the Brachycera. Especially in the Brachycera, little demarcation is seen between the thorax and abdomen, though the demarcation may be visible in many Nematocera, such as mosquitoes; in the Brachycera, the head of the larva is not clearly distinguishable from the rest of the body, and few, if any, sclerites are present. Informally, such brachyceran larvae are called maggots,[66] but the term is not technical and often applied indifferently to fly larvae or insect larvae in general. The eyes and antennae of brachyceran larvae are reduced or absent, and the abdomen also lacks appendages such as cerci. This lack of features is an adaptation to food such as carrion, decaying detritus, or host tissues surrounding endoparasites.[35] Nematoceran larvae generally have well-developed eyes and antennae, while those of Brachyceran larvae are reduced or modified.[67]

Dipteran larvae have no jointed, «true legs»,[64] but some dipteran larvae, such as species of Simuliidae, Tabanidae and Vermileonidae, have prolegs adapted to hold onto a substrate in flowing water, host tissues or prey.[68] The majority of dipterans are oviparous and lay batches of eggs, but some species are ovoviviparous, where the larvae starting development inside the eggs before they hatch or viviparous, the larvae hatching and maturing in the body of the mother before being externally deposited. These are found especially in groups that have larvae dependent on food sources that are short-lived or are accessible for brief periods.[69] This is widespread in some families such as the Sarcophagidae. In Hylemya strigosa (Anthomyiidae) the larva moults to the second instar before hatching, and in Termitoxenia (Phoridae) females have incubation pouches, and a full developed third instar larva is deposited by the adult and it almost immediately pupates with no freely feeding larval stage. The tsetse fly (as well as other Glossinidae, Hippoboscidae, Nycteribidae and Streblidae) exhibits adenotrophic viviparity; a single fertilised egg is retained in the oviduct and the developing larva feeds on glandular secretions. When fully grown, the female finds a spot with soft soil and the larva works its way out of the oviduct, buries itself and pupates. Some flies like Lundstroemia parthenogenetica (Chironomidae) reproduce by thelytokous parthenogenesis, and some gall midges have larvae that can produce eggs (paedogenesis).[70][71]

Pupa

The pupae take various forms. In some groups, particularly the Nematocera, the pupa is intermediate between the larval and adult form; these pupae are described as «obtect», having the future appendages visible as structures that adhere to the pupal body. The outer surface of the pupa may be leathery and bear spines, respiratory features or locomotory paddles. In other groups, described as «coarctate», the appendages are not visible. In these, the outer surface is a puparium, formed from the last larval skin, and the actual pupa is concealed within. When the adult insect is ready to emerge from this tough, desiccation-resistant capsule, it inflates a balloon-like structure on its head, and forces its way out.[34]

Adult

The adult stage is usually short, its function is only to mate and lay eggs. The genitalia of male flies are rotated to a varying degree from the position found in other insects.[72] In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that occurs during the pupal stage. This torsion may lead to the anus being below the genitals, or, in the case of 360° torsion, to the sperm duct being wrapped around the gut and the external organs being in their usual position. When flies mate, the male initially flies on top of the female, facing in the same direction, but then turns around to face in the opposite direction. This forces the male to lie on his back for his genitalia to remain engaged with those of the female, or the torsion of the male genitals allows the male to mate while remaining upright. This leads to flies having more reproduction abilities than most insects, and much quicker. Flies occur in large populations due to their ability to mate effectively and quickly during the mating season.[35] More primitive groups mates in the air during swarming, but most of the more advanced species with a 360° torsion mate on a substrate.[73]

Ecology

As ubiquitous insects, dipterans play an important role at various trophic levels both as consumers and as prey. In some groups the larvae complete their development without feeding, and in others the adults do not feed. The larvae can be herbivores, scavengers, decomposers, predators or parasites, with the consumption of decaying organic matter being one of the most prevalent feeding behaviours. The fruit or detritus is consumed along with the associated micro-organisms, a sieve-like filter in the pharynx being used to concentrate the particles, while flesh-eating larvae have mouth-hooks to help shred their food. The larvae of some groups feed on or in the living tissues of plants and fungi, and some of these are serious pests of agricultural crops. Some aquatic larvae consume the films of algae that form underwater on rocks and plants. Many of the parasitoid larvae grow inside and eventually kill other arthropods, while parasitic larvae may attack vertebrate hosts.[34]

Whereas many dipteran larvae are aquatic or live in enclosed terrestrial locations, the majority of adults live above ground and are capable of flight. Predominantly they feed on nectar or plant or animal exudates, such as honeydew, for which their lapping mouthparts are adapted. Some flies have functional mandibles that may be used for biting. The flies that feed on vertebrate blood have sharp stylets that pierce the skin, with some species having anticoagulant saliva that is regurgitated before absorbing the blood that flows; in this process, certain diseases can be transmitted. The bot flies (Oestridae) have evolved to parasitize mammals. Many species complete their life cycle inside the bodies of their hosts.[74] The larvae of a few fly groups (Agromyzidae, Anthomyiidae, Cecidomyiidae) are capable of inducing plant galls. Some dipteran larvae are leaf-miners. The larvae of many brachyceran families are predaceous. In many dipteran groups, swarming is a feature of adult life, with clouds of insects gathering in certain locations; these insects are mostly males, and the swarm may serve the purpose of making their location more visible to females.[34]

Most adult diptera have their mouthparts modified to sponge up fluid. The adults of many species of flies (e.g. Anthomyia sp., Steganopsis melanogaster) that feed on liquid food will regurgitate fluid in a behaviour termed as «bubbling» which has been thought to help the insects evaporate water and concentrate food[75] or possibly to cool by evaporation.[76] Some adult diptera are known for kleptoparasitism such as members of the Sarcophagidae. The miltogramminae are known as «satellite flies» for their habit of following wasps and stealing their stung prey or laying their eggs into them. Phorids, milichids and the genus Bengalia are known to steal food carried by ants.[77] Adults of Ephydra hians forage underwater, and have special hydrophobic hairs that trap a bubble of air that lets them breathe underwater.[78]

Anti-predator adaptations

Flies are eaten by other animals at all stages of their development. The eggs and larvae are parasitised by other insects and are eaten by many creatures, some of which specialise in feeding on flies but most of which consume them as part of a mixed diet. Birds, bats, frogs, lizards, dragonflies and spiders are among the predators of flies.[79] Many flies have evolved mimetic resemblances that aid their protection. Batesian mimicry is widespread with many hoverflies resembling bees and wasps,[80][81] ants[82] and some species of tephritid fruit fly resembling spiders.[83] Some species of hoverfly are myrmecophilous, their young live and grow within the nests of ants. They are protected from the ants by imitating chemical odours given by ant colony members.[84] Bombyliid bee flies such as Bombylius major are short-bodied, round, furry, and distinctly bee-like as they visit flowers for nectar, and are likely also Batesian mimics of bees.[85]

In contrast, Drosophila subobscura, a species of fly in the genus Drosophila, lacks a category of hemocytes that are present in other studied species of Drosophila, leading to an inability to defend against parasitic attacks, a form of innate immunodeficiency.[86]

Human interaction and cultural depictions

Symbolism

Flies play a variety of symbolic roles in different cultures. These include both positive and negative roles in religion. In the traditional Navajo religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being.[87][88][89] In Christian demonology, Beelzebub is a demonic fly, the «Lord of the Flies», and a god of the Philistines.[90][91][92]

Flies have appeared in literature since ancient Sumer.[93] In a Sumerian poem, a fly helps the goddess Inanna when her husband Dumuzid is being chased by galla demons.[93] In the Mesopotamian versions of the flood myth, the dead corpses floating on the waters are compared to flies.[93] Later, the gods are said to swarm «like flies» around the hero Utnapishtim’s offering.[93] Flies appear on Old Babylonian seals as symbols of Nergal, the god of death.[93] Fly-shaped lapis lazuli beads were often worn in ancient Mesopotamia, along with other kinds of fly-jewellery.[93]

In a little-known Greek myth, a very chatty and talkative maiden named Myia (meaning «fly») enraged the moon-goddess Selene by attempting to seduce her lover, the sleeping Endymion, and was thus turned by the angry goddess into a fly, who now always deprives people of their sleep in memory of her past life.[94][95] In Prometheus Bound, which is attributed to the Athenian tragic playwright Aeschylus, a gadfly sent by Zeus’s wife Hera pursues and torments his mistress Io, who has been transformed into a cow and is watched constantly by the hundred eyes of the herdsman Argus:[96][97] «Io: Ah! Hah! Again the prick, the stab of gadfly-sting! O earth, earth, hide, the hollow shape—Argus—that evil thing—the hundred-eyed.»[97] William Shakespeare, inspired by Aeschylus, has Tom o’Bedlam in King Lear, «Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o’er bog and quagmire», driven mad by the constant pursuit.[97] In Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare similarly likens Cleopatra’s hasty departure from the Actium battlefield to that of a cow chased by a gadfly.[98] More recently, in 1962 the biologist Vincent Dethier wrote To Know a Fly, introducing the general reader to the behaviour and physiology of the fly.[99]

Musca depicta («painted fly» in Latin) is a depiction of a fly as an inconspicuous element of various paintings. This feature was widespread in 15th and 16th centuries paintings and its presence may be explained by various reasons.[100]

Flies appear in popular culture in concepts such as fly-on-the-wall documentary-making in film and television production. The metaphoric name suggests that events are seen candidly, as a fly might see them.[101] Flies have inspired the design of miniature flying robots.[102] Steven Spielberg’s 1993 film Jurassic Park relied on the idea that DNA could be preserved in the stomach contents of a blood-sucking fly fossilised in amber, though the mechanism has been discounted by scientists.[103]

Economic importance

Dipterans are an important group of insects and have a considerable impact on the environment. Some leaf-miner flies (Agromyzidae), fruit flies (Tephritidae and Drosophilidae) and gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) are pests of agricultural crops; others such as tsetse flies, screwworm and botflies (Oestridae) attack livestock, causing wounds, spreading disease, and creating significant economic harm. See article: Parasitic flies of domestic animals. A few can even cause myiasis in humans. Still others such as mosquitoes (Culicidae), blackflies (Simuliidae) and drain flies (Psychodidae) impact human health, acting as vectors of major tropical diseases.
Among these, Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria, filariasis, and arboviruses; Aedes aegypti mosquitoes carry dengue fever and the Zika virus; blackflies carry river blindness; sand flies carry leishmaniasis. Other dipterans are a nuisance to humans, especially when present in large numbers; these include houseflies, which contaminate food and spread food-borne illnesses; the biting midges and sandflies (Ceratopogonidae) and the houseflies and stable flies (Muscidae).[34] In tropical regions, eye flies (Chloropidae) which visit the eye in search of fluids can be a nuisance in some seasons.[104]

Many dipterans serve roles that are useful to humans. Houseflies, blowflies and fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) are scavengers and aid in decomposition. Robber flies (Asilidae), tachinids (Tachinidae) and dagger flies and balloon flies (Empididae) are predators and parasitoids of other insects, helping to control a variety of pests. Many dipterans such as bee flies (Bombyliidae) and hoverflies (Syrphidae) are pollinators of crop plants.[34]

Uses

Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, has long been used as a model organism in research because of the ease with which it can be bred and reared in the laboratory, its small genome, and the fact that many of its genes have counterparts in higher eukaryotes. A large number of genetic studies have been undertaken based on this species; these have had a profound impact on the study of gene expression, gene regulatory mechanisms and mutation. Other studies have investigated physiology, microbial pathogenesis and development among other research topics.[105] The studies on dipteran relationships by Willi Hennig helped in the development of cladistics, techniques that he applied to morphological characters but now adapted for use with molecular sequences in phylogenetics.[106]

Maggots found on corpses are useful to forensic entomologists. Maggot species can be identified by their anatomical features and by matching their DNA. Maggots of different species of flies visit corpses and carcases at fairly well-defined times after the death of the victim, and so do their predators, such as beetles in the family Histeridae. Thus, the presence or absence of particular species provides evidence for the time since death, and sometimes other details such as the place of death, when species are confined to particular habitats such as woodland.[107]

Some species of maggots such as blowfly larvae (gentles) and bluebottle larvae (casters) are bred commercially; they are sold as bait in angling, and as food for carnivorous animals (kept as pets, in zoos, or for research) such as some mammals,[108] fishes, reptiles, and birds. It has been suggested that fly larvae could be used at a large scale as food for farmed chickens, pigs, and fish. However, consumers are opposed to the inclusion of insects in their food, and the use of insects in animal feed remains illegal in areas such as the European Union.[109][110]

Fly larvae can be used as a biomedical tool for wound care and treatment. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is the use of blow fly larvae to remove the dead tissue from wounds, most commonly being amputations. Historically, this has been used for centuries, both intentional and unintentional, on battlefields and in early hospital settings.[111] Removing the dead tissue promotes cell growth and healthy wound healing. The larvae also have biochemical properties such as antibacterial activity found in their secretions as they feed.[112] These medicinal maggots are a safe and effective treatment for chronic wounds.[113]

The Sardinian cheese casu marzu is exposed to flies known as cheese skippers such as Piophila casei, members of the family Piophilidae.[114] The digestive activities of the fly larvae soften the cheese and modify the aroma as part of the process of maturation. At one time European Union authorities banned sale of the cheese and it was becoming hard to find,[115] but the ban has been lifted on the grounds that the cheese is a traditional local product made by traditional methods.[116]

Hazards

Flies are a health hazard and are attracted to toilets because of their smell. The New Scientist magazine suggested a trap for these flies. A pipe acting as a chimney was fitted to the toilet which let in some light to attract these flies up to the end of this pipe where a gauze prevented escape to the air outside so that they were trapped and died. Toilets are generally dark inside particularly if the door is closed.

Notes

  1. ^ Some authors draw a distinction in writing the common names of insects. True flies are in their view best written as two words, such as crane fly, robber fly, bee fly, moth fly, and fruit fly. In contrast, common names of non-dipteran insects that have «fly» in their names are written as one word, e.g. butterfly, stonefly, dragonfly, scorpionfly, sawfly, caddisfly, whitefly.[2] In practice, however, this is a comparatively new convention; especially in older books, names like «saw fly» and «caddis fly», or hyphenated forms such as house-fly and dragon-fly are widely used.[3] In any case, non-entomologists cannot, in general, be expected to tell dipterans, «true flies», from other insects, so it would be unrealistic to expect rigour in the use of common names. Also, exceptions to this rule occur, such as the hoverfly, which is a true fly, and the Spanish fly, a type of blister beetle.

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  86. ^ Eslin, Patrice; Doury, Géraldine (2006). «The fly Drosophila subobscura: A natural case of innate immunity deficiency». Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 30 (11): 977–983. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.02.007. PMID 16620975.
  87. ^ Leland Clifton Wyman (1983). «Navajo Ceremonial System» (PDF). Handbook of North American Indians. Humboldt State University. p. 539. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015. Nearly every element in the universe may be thus personalized, and even the least of these such as tiny Chipmunk and those little insect helpers and mentors of deity and man in the myths, Big Fly (Dǫ’soh) and Ripener (Corn Beetle) Girl (‘Anilt’ánii ‘At’ééd) (Wyman and Bailey 1964:29–30, 51, 137–144), are as necessary for the harmonious balance of the universe as is the great Sun.
  88. ^ Leland Clifton Wyman; Flora L. Bailey (1964). Navaho Indian Ethnoentomology. Anthropology Series. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826301109. LCCN 64024356.
  89. ^ «Native American Fly Mythology». Native Languages of the Americas website.
  90. ^ «Βεελζεβούλ, ὁ indecl. (v.l. Βεελζεβούβ and Βεεζεβούλ W-S. §5, 31, cp. 27 n. 56) Beelzebul, orig. a Philistine deity; the name בַּעַל זְבוּב means Baal (lord) of the flies (4 Km 1:2, 6; Sym. transcribes βεελζεβούβ; Vulgate Beelzebub; TestSol freq. Βεελζεβούλ,-βουέλ).», Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed.) (173). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  91. ^ «1. According to 2 Kgs 1:2–6 the name of the Philistine god of Ekron was Lord of the Flies (Heb. ba‘al zeaûḇ), from whom Israel’s King Ahaziah requested an oracle.», Balz, H. R., & Schneider, G. (1990–). Vol. 1: Exegetical dictionary of the New Testament (211). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.
  92. ^ «For etymological reasons, Baal Zebub must be considered a Semitic god; he is taken over by the Philistine Ekronites and incorporated into their local cult.», Herrmann, «Baal Zebub», in Toorn, K., Becking, B., & Horst, P. W. (1999). Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible DDD (2nd extensively rev. ed.) (154). Leiden; Boston; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brill; Eerdmans.
  93. ^ a b c d e f Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. The British Museum Press. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8.
  94. ^ Forbes Irving, Paul M. C. (1990). Metamorphosis in Greek Myths. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 315. ISBN 0-19-814730-9.
  95. ^ Lucian; C. D. N. Costa (2005). Lucian: Selected Dialogues. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-19-925867-3.
  96. ^ Belfiore, Elizabeth S. (2000). Murder among Friends: Violation of Philia in Greek Tragedy. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-19-513149-9.
  97. ^ a b c Stagman, Myron (11 August 2010). Shakespeare’s Greek Drama Secret. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 205–208. ISBN 978-1-4438-2466-8.
  98. ^ Walker, John Lewis (2002). Shakespeare and the Classical Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, 1961–1991. Taylor & Francis. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8240-6697-0.
  99. ^ Dethier, Vincent G. (1962). To Know a Fly. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
  100. ^ Encyclopedia of Insects, p. 242
  101. ^ «Fly on the Wall». British Film Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  102. ^ Ma, Kevin Y.; Chirarattananon, Pakpong; Fuller, Sawyer B.; Wood, Robert J. (3 May 2013). «Controlled flight of a biologically inspired, insect-scale robot». Science. 340 (6132): 603–607. Bibcode:2013Sci…340..603M. doi:10.1126/science.1231806. PMID 23641114. S2CID 21912409.
  103. ^ Gray, Richard (12 September 2013). «Jurassic Park ruled out – dinosaur DNA could not survive in amber». Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  104. ^ Mulla, Mir S.; Chansang, Uruyakorn (2007). «Pestiferous nature, resting sites, aggregation, and host-seeking behavior of the eye fly Siphunculina funicola (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Thailand». Journal of Vector Ecology. 32 (2): 292–301. doi:10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[292:pnrsaa]2.0.co;2. PMID 18260520. S2CID 28636403.
  105. ^ «Why use the fly in research?». YourGenome. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  106. ^ Ashlock, P. D. (1974). «The Uses of Cladistics». Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 5 (1): 81–99. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.000501.
  107. ^ Joseph, Isaac; Mathew, Deepu G.; Sathyan, Pradeesh; Vargheese, Geetha (2011). «The use of insects in forensic investigations: An overview on the scope of forensic entomology». Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 3 (2): 89–91. doi:10.4103/0975-1475.92154. PMC 3296382. PMID 22408328.
  108. ^ Ogunleye, R. F.; Edward, J. B. (2005). «Roasted maggots (Dipteran larvae) as a dietary protein source for laboratory animals». African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology. 7: 140–143.
  109. ^ Fleming, Nic (4 June 2014). «How insects could feed the food industry of tomorrow». British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  110. ^ «Why are insects not allowed in animal feed?» (PDF). All About Feed. August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  111. ^ Stegman, Sylvia; Steenvoorde, Pascal (2011). «Maggot debridement therapy». Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meeting. 22: 61–66.
  112. ^ Diaz-Roa, A.; Gaona, M. A.; Segura, N. A.; Suárez, D.; Patarroyo, M.A.; Bello, F. J. (August 2014). «Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) excretions and secretions have potent antibacterial activity». Acta Tropica. 136: 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.018. PMID 24754920.
  113. ^ Gilead, L.; Mumcuoglu, K. Y.; Ingber, A. (16 August 2013). «The use of maggot debridement therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds in hospitalised and ambulatory patients». Journal of Wound Care. 21 (2): 78–85. doi:10.12968/jowc.2012.21.2.78. PMID 22584527.
  114. ^ Berenbaum, May (2007). «A mite unappetizing» (PDF). American Entomologist. 53 (3): 132–133. doi:10.1093/ae/53.3.132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2010.
  115. ^ Colangelo, Matt (9 October 2015). «A Desperate Search for Casu Marzu, Sardinia’s Illegal Maggot Cheese». Food and Wine. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  116. ^ Brones, Anna (15 April 2013). «Illegal food: step away from the cheese, ma’am». The Guardian. Retrieved 26 May 2016.

Further reading

  • Blagoderov, V.A., Lukashevich, E.D. & Mostovski, M.B. 2002. Order Diptera. In: Rasnitsyn, A.P. and Quicke, D.L.J. The History of Insects, Kluwer pp.–227–240.
  • Colless, D.H. & McAlpine, D.K. 1991 Diptera (flies), pp. 717–786. In: The Division of Entomology. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra (spons.), The insects of Australia. Melbourne University Press.
  • Hennig, Willi Diptera (Zweifluger). Handb. Zool. Berl. 4 (2) (31):1–337. General introduction with key to World Families. In German.
  • Oldroyd, Harold The Natural History of Flies. W. W. Norton. 1965.
  • Séguy, Eugène Diptera: recueil d’etudes biologiques et systematiques sur les Dipteres du Globe (Collection of biological and systematic studies on Diptera of the World). 11 vols. Part of Encyclopedie Entomologique, Serie B II: Diptera. 1924–1953.
  • Séguy, Eugène La Biologie des Dipteres 1950.
  • Thompson, F. Christian. «Sources for the Biosystematic Database of World Diptera (Flies)» (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture, Systematic Entomology Laboratory. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Flies.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diptera.

General

  • The Systema Dipterorum Database site
  • The Diptera.info portal with galleries and discussion forums
  • FLYTREE – dipteran phylogeny Archived 13 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  • The Dipterists Forum – The Society for the study of flies
  • BugGuide
  • The World Catalog of Fossil Diptera
  • The Tree of Life Project

Anatomy

  • Fly: Anatomical Atlas at CSIRO
  • Drawing Wing venation

Describers

  • Authors of fly names
  • Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator

Hi guys! How are you? Are you looking for Insect Names in English with pictures? How many types of insects do you know and do not know? Let’s learn about insects in English with Englishtivi, you can find pictures and information about your favorite insects after knowing their English names!

See more at: English Words

Insects are a group of animals that have three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen) with six legs. They also have a pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth. Their number is estimated to be over one million species and they can be found on every continent except Antarctica.

Types of Insects

Flying Insects: fireflies, butterfly, ưasp, bee, grasshopper, beetle
Crawling Insects: ant, bed bug, cockroach

List of All Insect Names in English

Sr No. Material Image Material Name
1 Insect Names in English Ant
2 Insect Names in English Assassin Fly
3 Insect Names in English Bean Weevil
4 Insect Names in English Bed Bug
5 Insect Names in English Beetle
6 Insect Names in English Bumblebee
7 Insect Names in English Butterfly
8 Insect Names in English Carpenter Bee
9 Insect Names in English Caterpillar
10 Insect Names in English Centipede
11 Insect Names in English Cicada
12 Insect Names in English Cockroach
13 Insect Names in English Common Housefly
14 Insect Names in English Cricket
15 Insect Names in English Damselfly
16 Insect Names in English Digger wasp
17 Insect Names in English Dragonfly
18 Insect Names in English Dung Beetle
19 Insect Names in English Earwig
20 Fireflies
21 Insect Names in English Flea
22 Insect Names in English Fly
23 Flower Fly
24 Insect Names Flying Termites
25 Insect Names Giant Water Bug
26 Goliath Beetle
27 Insect Names Grasshopper
28 Insect Names Green Stink Bug
29 Greenfly
30 Insect Names Grub
31 Bee
32 Insect Names Hornworm
33 Insect Names House Centipede
34 Insect Names Indian Hornet
35 Insect Names Lacewing
36 Insect Names Ladybug
37 Insect Names Leaf Insect
38 Insect Names Locust
39 Insect Names Louse fly
40 Insect Names Maggot
41 Insect Names Mantid
42 Insect Names Mayfly
43 Insect Names Millipede
44 Insect Names Mole Cricket
45 Insect Names Mosquito
46 Insect Names Moth
47 Insect Names Nepidae
48 Insect Names Nepidae Wasp
49 Insect Names Orchid Mantis
50 Insect Names Painted Grasshopper
51 Insect Names Praying Mantis
52 Insect Names Red Bug
53 Insect Names Red Velvet Mite
54 Insect Names Scorpion
55 Insect Names Silkworms
56 Insect Names Sphinx Moth
57 Insect Names Spider
58 Insect Names Stick Insect
59 Insect Names Stink Bug
60 Insect Names Stonefly
61 Insect Names Termite
62 Insect Names Tick
63 Treehopper
64 Wasp
65 Insect Names Water Beetle
66 Insect Names Woodworm
67 Insect Names Worm
68 Insect Names Bedbug

See more at: Verbs

Insect Names In Hindi and English

Insect Picture Insect In English Insect In Hindi
Ant Cheenti
Locust Tiddi
Fly Makhi
Bee Madhumakhi
Leaf Insect Patti Keet
Worm Sundi
Bedbug Khatmal
Mosquito Machshar
Termite Deemak
Beetle Mogri
Spider Makri
Moth Patangaa
Caterpillar Jheenga
Wasp Tataiya
Cockroach Tilchitta
Bumblebee Bhanwraa
Centipede Kankhajoora
Silkworm

Resham ka keera

You might also like: Bird Names

Insect Names in English with Images/Pictures

Ant: Ants are a group of insect species that is found in almost all parts of the world. Ants live in colonies and have social structures and behavior patterns that can be observed by scientists.


Locust: A locust is a type of grasshopper, which is a type of insect that has a long and thin body. Locusts are a type of insect that can cause serious damage to crops and vegetation.


Fly: Fly is a type of insect that has wings with a single pair of legs that are usually used for walking. They can be seen in the air.


Bee: A bee is an insect with a metamorphic flightless female. It’s also known as honeybee, and Apis mellifera. The bee has played a vital role in human history since ancient times when its pollination services were routinely exploited in agriculture.


Leaf Insect: Leaf insects are found in a variety of plant families and are often called “plant lice.” They have a hard outer shell, which is made of chitin, and they feed on the juices of plants. They can be used to control pests like aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, or scale insects that cause damage to plants.


Worm: The definition of a worm is a small, typically parasitic, invertebrate that is able to move through a host. It has no head and no visible mouthparts. Worms typically have cylindrical or tapering bodies and may be either segmented or unsegmented.

Bedbug: Bedbugs are a type of parasitic insect that feeds on the blood of humans and animals. They have been around for centuries but have just recently become a major issue in the developed world.


Mosquito: Mosquitoes are small, flying insects that bite humans and other animals. They can spread disease, cause discomfort, and even transmit a parasite that causes malaria.


Termite: Termites are tiny, wingless insects that damage timber by eating it from the inside out. They are an important part of the ecosystem because they eat dead wood, helping to recycle nutrients and nutrients back into the soil.


Beetle: The beetle is a small, wingless, long-legged insect that is found in the family Scarabaeidae. It is usually a metallic green or blue-green color, though it can also be brown, black, or bronze.


Spider: The spider has eight eyes and eight legs, with two pairs of eyes on the front of its head. A spider is a type of arthropod that has eight legs and chews it food into a pulp. This creature is an important part of the ecosystem because it eats other insects, small mammals, amphibians, and birds.

Moth: A moth is a type of insect, typically with wings and antennae, that has a long body, three pairs of legs, and two pairs of wings. Moths are nocturnal insects that can be found on every continent except Antarctica. They feed on nectar and pollen from flowers.


Caterpillar:


Wasp: The wasp is a social wasp that is found in temperate and tropical parts of the world. They are known for their distinctive yellow and black colors, which can be seen from far away.

Cockroach: The cockroach has a hard exoskeleton and two pairs of wings, which it uses to fly. The cockroach is a nocturnal insect that can live anywhere, including in places with little oxygen. They survive by eating almost anything and secrete a liquid called ootheca, which they use to protect their eggs from predators and the environment.

Bumblebee: The word ‘bumblebee’ is a type of bee that is black and yellow with a large, round head. It’s called the bumblebee because it has a fuzzy, short-haired body and it buzzes loudly. Bumblebees are generally considered to be beneficial insects because they pollinate flowers and crops such as tomatoes. Bumblebees are also important pollinators of wildflowers and herbs.

Centipede: A centipede is a long and thin arthropod that has a hundred or more legs. It is typically found in moist places, like under rocks and logs. Centipedes are beneficial because they eat insects and other pests that would otherwise damage plants or crops. They also help keep down populations of rodents and other pests that can cause damage to homes or farms.

Silkworm: Silkworms are a type of caterpillar that spins a cocoon and is then transformed into a moth. They feed on mulberry leaves and make their cocoons in silk tubes. The adult moth has wings with scales that can be seen when it flies away from its pupa.

  • Ants
  • Bed bugs
  • Bees
  • Beetles
  • Booklice
  • Butterflies
  • Cockroaches
  • Crickets
  • Dragonflies
  • Earwigs
  • Firefly
  • Fleas
  • Grasshoppers
  • Ladybugs
  • Moths
  • Silkworms
  • Silverfish
  • Stink Bugs
  • Termites
  • Wasps
  • Mosquito
  • Ladybug
  • Bee
  • Grub
  • Grasshopper
  • Fly
  • Flea
  • Dragonfly
  • Cricket
  • Cockroach
  • Butterfly
  • Bug

Insect Names with Real Pictures

Insect Names

List Insect Names A-Z

  • Ant
  • Assassin Fly
  • Bean Weevil
  • Bed Bug
  • Beetle
  • Bumblebee
  • Butterfly
  • Carpenter Bee
  • Cicada
  • Cricket
  • Damselfly
  • Dragonfly
  • Dung Beetle
  • Earwig
  • Fireflies
  • Flea
  • Flower Fly
  • Flying Termites
  • Giant Water Bug
  • Green Stink Bug
  • Greenfly
  • Grub
  • Bee
  • Hornworm
  • House Centipede
  • Indian Hornet
  • Lacewing
  • Ladybug
  • Louse fly
  • Maggot
  • Mantid
  • Mayfly
  • Millipede
  • Mole Cricket
  • Mosquito
  • Moth
  • Nepidae
  • Orchid Mantis
  • Painted Grasshopper
  • Praying Mantis
  • Red Bug
  • Red Velvet Mite
  • Scorpion
  • Silkworms
  • Sphinx Moth
  • Spider
  • Stick Insect
  • Stink Bug
  • Stonefly
  • Termite
  • Tick
  • Treehopper
  • Wasp
  • Water Beetle
  • Woodworm
  • Worm

You might also like:

  • Flowers Name
  • Vegetable Name
  • Numbers in English
  • Colors Name in English
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  • Shapes Name: List Shapes Name in English with Pictures
  • Material Names

Conclusion

Hopefully, the article list of insects’ names in English has brought useful knowledge about their characteristics to our lives.

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Are you looking for Insects name in English with pictures? See here, We have covered a to z all different types of insects name in English.

Insects, also called Hexapoda or Insecta, are the largest class from the phylum Arthropoda. They have a segmented body, jointed legs, and an exoskeleton. They have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-parted body with three pairs of articulated legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antennae. Probably 90% of the animals on earth are insects.   

insects name

The word ‘insect’ means familiar pests or disease carriers, such as bed bugs, houseflies, clothes moths, aphids, mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies, hornets, etc. Money insects are beneficial from the human viewpoint, as they pollinate plants that produce useful substances like control pest insects, serve as food for other animals, etc.

Insects have also been used for investigations of hormonal actions, nerves, and sense organ functions. They are also used as environmental quality indicators to assess water quality and soil contamination.

Types of Insects

Insects can be divided into two groups

  1. Flying Insects: Beetle, Butterfly, Bug, Cricket, Dragonfly, Flea, Fly…..
  2. Crawling Insects: Ant, Caterpillar, Spider, cockroach, louse …

List of All Insects Name in English with Pictures

Sr No. Insects Images Insects Name
1. ant Ant
2. Honeybee
3. Mosquito
5. Grasshopper
6. Fly
7. Cricket
8. Butterfly
10. Cockroach
11. Beetle
12. Bed Bug
13. Bumblebee
14. Dragonfly
15. Fireflies
16. Green Stink Bug
18. Indian Hornet
21. Termite
22. Stick Insect
25. Red Bug
26. Painted Grasshopper
27. Moth
28. Mole Cricket
30. Ladybug
32. Assassin Fly
33. Bean Weevil
35. Cicada
36. Digger wasp
37. Dung Beetle
38. Earwig
39. Fireflies
40. Flea
41. Flower Fly
42. Flying Termites
43. Giant Water Bug
44. Greenfly
46. Leaf Insect
47. Locust
48. Louse
49. Mayfly
50. Water Beetle
51. Wasp
52. Praying Mantids
53. Nepidae

Home Insects Name

  1. Moths
  2. Silverfish
  3. Cockroaches
  4. Grasshoppers
  5. Ants
  6. Fleas
  7. Termites
  8. Earwigs
  9. Dragonflies
  10. Booklice
  11. Wasps
  12. Ladybugs
  13. Crickets
  14. Silkworms
  15. Firefly
  16. Stink Bugs
  17. Beetles
  18. Bees
  19. Bed bugs
  20. Butterflies

Flying Insects with Names

  1. Bee
  2. Beetle
  3. Butterfly
  4. Bug
  5. Cockroach
  6. Cricket
  7. Dragonfly
  8. Flea
  9. Fly
  10. Grasshopper
  11. Grub
  12. Ladybug
  13. Mosquito

Insects Name in English with Images/Pictures

Lizard
A lizard is a broad group of squamate reptiles, which excludes snakes and Amphisbaenia. Some lizards are more closely related to these excluded groups than they are to two other lizards. These are in range of sizes from chameleons and geckos. 

lizard

Spider
Spiders are arthropods with air-breathing and eight legs, which are generally able to inject venom that extrude silks. Spiders are found worldwide except in the Antarctic, and easily establish their habitat except for air and sea locations. They catch their prey in the spider web like a net.

spider

Mosquito
Mosquitoes are very small species having six legs, and a proboscis that helps to suck blood from the skin, a slender segmented body, and a pair of wings and is belonging to the order Diptera, and from the family Culicidae. 

mosquito

Honeybee
Bees are flying insects and also known as honey bees which obtain honey from flowers and are stored in the hives where they lived. They dwell their comb on the tree and below the terrace is a cold surface.

honeybee

Beetle
The Beetles are called a group of insects from the order Coleoptera and a sub-order Endopterygoya. The front pair of wings of beetles are hardened into wing cases. They often feed on plants or fungi, break down animal or plant debris, and eat other invertebrates.

beetle

Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. Grasshoppers are the most ancient living group of chewing herbivores insects.

grasshopper

Scorpion
Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order of Scorpiones. They have eight legs and one pair of grasping pedipalps, and a narrow, segmented tail with a venomous sting. 

scorpion

Cricket
Cricket, an Orthopteran insect that is related to bush crickets and more distantly, to grasshoppers. The word ‘ticket’ is used in the combination to describe long-recognized unrelated taxa in the suborder Ensifera, such as king crickets and mole crickets.

cricket

Cockroach
Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About five species are well-known as pests. Cockroach, which is characterized by a flattened oval body, long threadlike antennae, and a shining black or brown leathery integument.

cockroach

Ant
Ants are eusocial insects from the family Formicidae along with wasps and bees, of the order Hymenoptera. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae, and the distinctive mode-like structure forms slender waists. Ants never sleep or rest.

ant

Centipede
Centipedes are predatory arthropods that belong to the category Chilopoda of subphylum Myriapoda, an arthropod that also included millipedes and other multi-legged creatures. These are elongated metameric creatures with one pair of legs per body segment. They are predominantly carnivores like spiders and scorpions.

centipede

Maggot
A maggot is the larva of a fly with the order Diptera. It is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachyura flies. Like houseflies, cheese flies, and blowflies, and some Nematocera larvae like mosquitoes and crane flies.

maggot

Caterpillar
Caterpillar is a larval stage of the men]members of the order Lepidoptera. As with the most common names, the larvae of sea flies are commonly called caterpillars as well. Both Lepidopteran and Symphyta larvae have eruciform body shapes.

caterpillar

Ladybug
Ladybugs are also called Coccinellidae, a widespread family of small beetles. The ladybug beetles are also named Entomologists and are not classified as true bugs.

ladybug

Butterfly
Butterflies are the insects in the macro lepidopteran clade Rhopalocera of order Lepidoptera. Moths also come in this species. Adult butterflies have large, brightly colored wings, and fluttering flights. The wings of the butterflies are colorful and look very beautiful.

butterfly

Tick
Ticks are the parasitic anarchies of the superorder Parasitiformes. Along with mites, ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. 

tick

Cicada
The cicadas are a superfamily of the Cicadoidae of insects in the order Hemiptera. They have small jumping bugs such as leafhoppers and froghoppers. 

cicada

Insects Name with Real Pictures for kids

insects name english

Insects Names A-Z

  1. Ant
  2. Beetle
  3. Bug
  4. Butterfly
  5. Centipede
  6. Cicada
  7. Cockroach
  8. Cricket
  9. Dragonfly
  10. Flea
  11. Fly
  12. Grasshopper
  13. Greenfly
  14. Grub
  15. Honeybee
  16. Ladybug
  17. Louse
  18. Maggot
  19. Mosquito
  20. Moth
  21. Praying Mantids
  22. Termite
  23. Wasp

Read Also:

  1. Vegetables Name
  2. Fruits Name
  3. Colours Name
  4. Flowers Name
  5. Birds Name
  6. Animals Name
insects name english

насекомые на английском - иллюстрация к статье

Сегодня в обучении английскому используют огромное количество тем, которые позволяют значительно расширить словарный запас. При этом существуют как топики для изучения самых важных, базовых лексических единиц (такие как «Мой город» или «Мой дом»), так и менее популярные, но более глубоки – и насекомые на английском языке одна из них. Она входит далеко не во все учебные курсы, однако если вы стремитесь овладеть лексикой на уровне носителя, она вам очень пригодится.

Разумеется, сама по себе тема «Насекомые» может показаться не слишком приятной, однако нельзя отрицать, что она весьма познавательна. Даже здесь все не ограничивается перечислением лексических единиц: помимо названия насекомых на английском вы также можете изучить особенности образования некоторых из них, а также оригинальные идиомы, благодаря которым ваша речь станет более насыщенной и разнообразной. Итак, давайте узнаем больше про насекомых на английском.

Про насекомых: названия на английском, популярные и не очень

Итак, изучение любой темы в языке начинается с основной лексики. Предлагаем вам выяснить, как называются насекомые на английском языке с переводом. Приготовьтесь – список названий действительно впечатляет!

insect — насекомое

butterfly — бабочка

flea — блоха

lady-bird — божья коровка

louse — вошь

caterpillar –гусеница

beetle -жук

tiger beetle — жужелица

capricorn beetle — жук-дровосек

bark-beetle — жук-короед

rhinoceros beetle — жук-носорог

stag-beetle — жук-олень, рогач

European diving beetle — жук-плавунец

lion beetle — жук-усач

click beetle — жук-щелкун

stink beetle — жук-щитовик, жук-вонючка

tick — клещ

bug — клоп

Colorado beetle — колорадский жук

mosquito, gnat — комар, гнус

chrysalis, pupa — куколка (бабочки)

May (June) bug, cockchafer — майский жук

pill bug — мокрица

moth — моль

mosquito — москит

swarm of midges — мошкара

ant — муравей

fly — муха

dung beetle – жук-навозник

nocturnal moth – ночная бабочка

gadfly — овод

wasp — оса

spider — паук

bee- пчела

cricket – сверчок

grasshopper — кузнечик

lightning bug — светлячок

scarab — скарабей

horse-fly, breeze — слепень

centipede — сороконожка

dragonfly — стрекоза

cockroach, croton — таракан (рыжий, прусак)

termite, white ant — термит

plant louse, aphid — тля

drone — трутень

bumblebee – шмель

Сложносоставные названия насекомых: интересные факты

Если вы успели внимательнее пробежать глазами по списку названий насекомых на английском, то наверняка успели заметить, что многие из них составлены из двух слов. И если в случае с кузнечиком, название которого можно перевести как «прыгающий по траве» или светлячком, который дословно звучит как «светящийся жук», все более-менее понятно, то происхождение некоторых слов действительно удивляет. Если вам интересна не только сама лексика, но и словообразование, давайте подробнее узнаем о том, как появились некоторые сложные названия.

  • Dragonfly. С ходу понять, почему англичане окрестили это безобидное на первый взгляд насекомое “летающим драконом», довольно трудно. Но если прочитать о стрекозе подробнее, то многое станет понятным. Длинный хвост, огромные крылья, пугающие глаза и хищный образ жизни наводят на мысль о далеких предках этой крылатой красавицы – из той эпохи, когда насекомые на земле имели пугающие размеры.
  • Cockroach. На первый взгляд это слово очень легко разделить на два более знакомых, но сложнее потом понять, что же все-таки с ними делать и как вообще можно было в названии таракана объединить петуха (cock) и плотву (roach). Однако удивим вас: это слово отнюдь не сложносоставное, а является обычной адаптацией испанского cucaracha (“кукарача»). Язык непредсказуем: иногда усложнять все же нет смысла.
  • Centipede. С сороконожкой в английском все очень интересно. Ее название образовано от двух латинских морфем: приставки centi, которая переводится как «сто» и корня ped, что означает «нога». Кстати, английский не единственный язык, в котором сороконожка считается стоножкой – так ее величают в итальянском, французском, румынском, болгарском и чешском.
  • Ladybird. Если вы дословно попытаетесь перевести английское название божьей коровки как «дамская птичка», то будете совершенно неправы. Lady в данном случае — старинное название Девы Марии, которая, по легенде, послала это прекрасное и летающее быстро, как птица, насекомое людям для охраны урожая. Так что ladybird – это буквально «птица Пресвятой девы», что тоже красиво.
  • Butterfly. Летающее масло, как вы понимаете, тут ни при чем, а версий такого названия бабочек существует целых две. Согласно первой, в Англии раньше в большом количестве обитали бабочки с крыльями желтыми, как свежесбитое масло. А вторая – с криминально-мистическим уклоном: в Средние века существовало поверье, что именно в этих прекрасных насекомых превращались ведьмы, чтобы красть у крестьян масло, сливки и молоко.

Идиомы с названиями насекомых

Изучение лексики на тему «Насекомые на английском» было бы неполным, если бы мы не упомянули хотя бы немного идиом с их названиями. Мы приведем лишь несколько, однако поверьте: их гораздо больше, и среди них встречаются чрезвычайно забавные.

As busy as a bee. Как мы все знаем, пчелы – невероятно трудолюбивые насекомые, которые работают с рассвета до заката. Так что брошенное в адрес кого-то «трудится как пчелка» можно расценивать как комплимент.

Put a bug in someone’s ear. Именно так говорят в случае, когда пытаются увлечь кого-то какой-то идеей, заронить в голову мысль, вбить в голову – иными словами, дать мысли заползти в мозг подобно жучку.

To have ants in the pants. Если вам под одежду заползут муравьи, вам будет очень неприятно – вы начнете дергаться, вертеться и пытаться их стряхнуть. Значение этой идиомы довольно близко к подобной ситуации: в литературном переводе оно звучит как «сильно нервничать, паниковать, мандражировать».

Bee line Нет, это не оператор сотовой связи (хотя действительно, это может прийти на ум в первую очередь) – а просто-напросто кратчайшее расстояние до чего-либо. Как известно, пчелы всегда летят по прямой сразу к цветку, чуя пыльцу и нектар – отсюда и такая идиома.

To have butterflies (in one’s stomach). В случае с этой идиомой мы можем наблюдать весьма интересный языковой парадокс. Дело в том, что в английском данное выражение означает «сильно нервничать, тревожиться, переживать, огорчаться», в то время как в русском «бабочки в животе» означают эйфорию, вызванную сильной влюбленностью. В общем, будьте аккуратнее с переводом.

To lead the life of a drone. Ну а это то самое, о чем мечтают если не все, то многие – ничего не делать и все равно все получать. Иначе говоря, дармоедничать. Сравнение с трутнем, который в дикой природе ведет себя примерно так же, вполне логичное.

A fly in the ointment. У англичан – муха в целебной мази. У нас – ложка дегтя в бочке меда.Суть одна, но система ценностей очень разная.

Knee-high to a grasshopper. Если не боитесь обидеть человека очень маленького роста, можно сказать о нем именно так. В литературном переводе – «ростом не вышел» или «от горшка два вершка».

To louse up. Именно так говорят о том, кто испортил или провалил какое-либо дело. Действительно, а что хорошего можно ждать от идиомы, в которой фигурирует вошь?

Pink spiders. Поистине очаровательное выражение для описания галлюцинаций. Итак, что бы вы предпочли – розовых паучков или наших знаменитых зеленых чертиков?

Как видите, данная тема предполагает не только обширную лексику, но и дает определенные знания в плане грамматики. Разумеется, мы не уверены, что вы когда-либо будете составлять текст про насекомых на английском языке даже в рамках учебного курса. Однако мы более чем уверены, что рано или поздно знания этих названий и идиом вам обязательно пригодятся.

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