Initial sounds of a word

And a great place to start is with beginning letter sounds (also known as ‘initial’ sounds). Phonics is an excellent way to support early reading, writing, spelling and even speech skills.

What words sound the same beginning?

In literature, alliteration is the conspicuous repetition of identical initial consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables within a group of words, even those spelled differently. As a method of linking words for effect, alliteration is also called head rhyme or initial rhyme.

Which of the following words has the same sound of G as in giant?

G is normally associated with two sounds, as represented by the words GIRL and the word GIANT. The G in GIRL is a sound referred to as the ‘hard’ sound and the G in GIANT is referred to as a ‘soft’ sound, similar to the letter J.

What is the initial sound of word van?

Ben rhymes with pat. 13. The initial sound of the word van is /a/. 14.

What are sources of sound?

Sound can travel through wood, steel, water, and countless other materials. Sound sources can be divided into two types: natural and artificial, or human-made. Examples of natural sources are animals, wind, flowing streams, avalanches and volcanoes.

The first letter of your name is your initial. The first thing you say to someone is your initial greeting. Initial is something that occurs first or at the beginning. If someone asks you to initial a form, they’re asking you to sign by writing your initials on it.

Does initial mean middle name?

The Initial is normally used for the middle names, and you write them as initials rather than the actual name. The Last Name is also your surname or family name, the name of your clan or affiliated family.

How do you write initial name?

Traditionally, the first letters of their first, last and middle name are used, in that order. For couples, if they share their last name, the last name remains in the middle with the initials of their first names on the left and right side.

Do initials include middle name?

The first thing you do is read the instructions. If it asks for your full legal name, then it wants your complete first, middle, and last name, no initials unless your middle name on your birth certificate is just an initial.

What is full name initials?

Initials are the capital letters which begin each word of a name. For example, if your full name is Michael Dennis Stocks, your initials will be M. D. S.

Is a middle name legal?

But many other legal sources say a full legal name includes middle name. In general, it’s probably best to include your middle name if the form asks for full legal name. However, as long as first and last name match up, then there isn’t usually a problem.

Can you sign with initials?

Yes, your signature can be your initials. Just make sure that your signature matches what is on your drivers license and any other legal documents to avoid any problems with a bank, etc. You may want to update these if you do change your signature.

What happens if you sign instead of initial?

There is no legal difference between a person’s initials and his signature. the legal implication, result and the legal binding factor in respect of the person initialling or signing is the same.

Are initials legally binding?

With written contracts, a signature or initials typically serves as proof that each party wants to enter into a legal contract; however, under certain circumstances, a contract signed only with initials might be voidable.

Do signatures have to be in cursive?

Traditionally, signatures are in cursive, but it can be argued that it’s not a requirement. This means that with a wet signature (i.e. a signature that is written rather than electronically typed), a person could potentially use their printed (non-cursive) name or even a symbol like a happy face as a valid signature.

Why cursive is bad?

– Penmanship is not as valued in education and society as it once was. – Because cursive is faster to write, it can appear less legible than print and create confusion. Every year, up to $95 million in tax refunds aren’t delivered correctly because of unreadable tax forms.

Did they stop teaching cursive?

Many schools have removed cursive handwriting instruction from their curriculum. When the system was revisited after the skill was taken out of the core requirements, school therapists reported that some students struggled with manuscript but excelled in cursive writing.

Are there rules for signatures?

In the United States, signatures encompass marks and actions of all sorts that are indicative of identity and intent. The legal rule is that unless a statute specifically prescribes a particular method of making a signature it may be made in any number of ways. These include by a mechanical or rubber stamp facsimile.

What is an acceptable signature?

Usually, a signature is simply someone’s name written in a stylized fashion. However, that is not really necessary. All that needs to be there is some mark that represents you. As long as it adequately records the intent of the parties involved in a contractual agreement, it’s considered a valid signature.

Is it OK to have two signatures?

14 May 2011 There is no bar from having different signatures, provided the particular signature used is used consistently for that particular purpose/document. It is better if you are comfortable with more than one signature. This can become a protection against forgery.

Does your signature have to be the same every time?

Your signature should not be exactly the same each time you write. That is a sign of forgery. But it should appear very similar, with certain key characteristics, such as letters you loop and letters you don’t — and it should be unique — not like anybody else’s signature.

Does signature matter on passport?

The passport must contain a signature to be valid for travel, customers should sign their passport as soon as they receive it. Customers will need to sign above the pre-printed line above the page which shows their personal details such as their name and date of birth.

Who has the best signature?

10 Best Signature Styles You’ll Want to Copy

• 10 Celebrities with Unique Signatures. Signatures are infamous in the celebrity realm.
• George Washington. The first president of the United States had a signature that was very precise.
• Mozart.
• Harry Houdini.
• Marilyn Monroe.
• Bruce Lee.
• Diego Maradona.
• Elvis Presley.

Does it matter if your signature changes?

You have no “legal signature” so there is no barrier to changing it. If you wanted to sign every document you’ve ever signed differently, that’s perfectly acceptable, though it could cause some issues if someone checks the back of your credit card and the signatures don’t match.

How do I change my signature everywhere?

You need to change the signature in bank record to avoid any issues in future transactions. For that, just go to the particular bank and ask for the signature change. They will give you a form, you need to fill up the form and mention the latest updated signature. They will further update it in their system.

Can you change how your signature looks?

You are free to change your signature whenever you like. Some banks have “signature cards” where they keep a signature when you open an account, so they have a basis of comparison for later. You can replace your signature card on request. Also checked are checks, usually against the state ID.

Can my signature be a smiley face?

There’s no such thing as “your official signature.” A signature is any mark made by a person or a person’s designated agent with the intent of affirming or attesting. So yes, basically. There really isn’t any legal requirement for a signature.

Can I put a heart in my signature?

Your signature cannot be established or controlled by anyone but you. So, if you decide it should have a heart, then it does if you sign that way. That is your legal signature, which is different than your legal name. With your signature, however you choose to do it, you should be consistent.

Can you type your name for a signature?

An electronic signature can be a normal signature written out using a mouse or with a finger or stylus on a touchscreen. In some cases, all you need to do is type your name and acknowledge your consent.

Can a signature be a scribble?

In a scribble the signature of the individual is illegible and cannot be read. Being illegible it is tough to attribute and acknowledge the name and identity of the person who has signed the same.

Which pair of words has the same R controlled vowels?

The “ir”, “ur” and “er” make the same sound /er/ as in the words “bird”, “fur” and “her”. It is important to teach students to recognize and practice words containing r-controlled vowels.

What is a bossy R word?

What are Bossy R Words? R-Controlled Vowels are often referred to as the “Bossy R” because the r bosses the vowel to change its sound. The vowel and the r usually stay in the same syllable.

Is there a rule for R controlled vowels?

R-controlled vowels When a syllable has a vowel that is followed by r, the vowel is “controlled” by the r and makes a new sound. Examples include car, bird, germ, form, and hurt. This rule is sometimes called “bossy r” because the r “bosses” the vowel to make a new sound.

What order do you teach r-controlled vowels?

Tips for teaching r-controlled vowels: – As usual, make sure to follow a systematic approach going from the most to the least common r-controlled vowel. So start with /ar/ (car), followed by /er/, which can be represented with three different graphemes er (monster), ir (bird), or ur (surf).

What is the sound of the letter R?

The letter R makes a sound more similar to /ruh/ or /rih/; however, it’s sound is often associated with the vowel which comes afterwards. For example, the R in run would say /ruh/, and the R in riff would say /rih/.

What are some R words?

• race.
• rack.
• racy.
• rads.
• raff.
• raft.
• raga.
• rage.

What is Z alphabet?

Z is the twenty-sixth (number 26) and last letter in the English alphabet. The small letter, z, is used as a lowercase consonant. Z is not used much. It is the most rarely used letter in the English language. The same letter of the Greek alphabet is named zeta.

Is the letter Z being removed?

Surprising as it sounds, it looks like the English alphabet will be losing one of its letters on June 1st. The announcement came from the English Language Central Commission (ELCC). According to the ELCC, words that started with a “z” will now start with an “x”. …

 Initial sounds  Initial sounds and initial sound pictures used in initial sound tables  A alligator, anaconda, ant, apple, axe  B bag, ball, banana, beater, bee, bed, bike, bird, boat, bud, bun, bus, butterfly  C camera, can, cap, carrot, cat, cloud, cob, cog, corn, cot, cup  D daisy, dart, deer, desk, dinosaur, dog, doll, donut, door, dragon, duck  E eagle, earth, egg, elbow, elephant  F fan, feather, fig, fin, fish, foot, fork, fox  G garage, gas, gears, goat, gorilla, guitar, gum  H ham, hammer, hand, hat, helicopter, hem, hen, hip, hoe, hog, house  I igloo, Indian, iguana, insect, invitation impala,  J jacks, jam, jeans, jeep, jet, jug, juggle, jump  K kangaroo, keg, key, kid, king, kitchen, kite, kiwi, knight, koala  L ladder, leg, lemon, lid, light, lion, lips, lobster, log  M mad, map, mail, maracas, men, moose, moon, mop, mouse, mud  N nose, net, nail, needle, nest, newspaper, nine, nose, numbers, nut  O officer, orange, owl  P pan, peg, pen, pig, pin, pineapple, pod, post, pup  Q quail, quarter, queen, quilt  R rabbit, radio, rag, rainbow, rake, rat, red, rib, rocket, rod, rose, rug  S sailboat, saw, sod, sea, seal, seven, six, star, submarine, sun  T tag, tambourine, tan, telephone, ten, tent, tiger, tin, tomato, top, tower, train, tub  U unicorn, uniform,  V vase, video, violin, volcano, valentine  W wagon, water, web, wig, windmill  X Xmas, xylograph, xylophone  Y yak, yarn, yoyo, yam  Z zebra, zebra, zero, zipper, zither

 Initial sounds   Initial sounds and initial sound pictures used in initial sound tables   BL black, blend, block, blond, bluff  BR brad, bran, brig, brim, brush  CL clap, clam, cliff, clock, clubs  CR crab, crack, crash, crest, cross  DR dress, drop, drill, drink, drums  FL flab, flag, flat, floss, flush  FR frills, frock, frog, frost, froth  GL glad, glass, glen, gloss, glum  GR grab, grand, grass, grill, grin  PL plans, plant, plug, plums, plus  PR pram, press, primps, print, prop  SC scab, scald, scallop, scalp, scallop  SH shell, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, shovel  SK skip, skull, skip, skin, skill  SL slam, slosh, slot, slug, slush  SM smog, smash, small, smell, smug  SN snack, snap, snag, snip, sniffs  SP spill, spin, spell, spend, spot  ST stop, stump, stand, stamp, stuck  SW swift, swig, swim, swan, swamp  TR trick, trim, trunk, tram, track  TW twins, twig, twist, twill, twang

BORROWINGS

Borrowing words from other languages is characteristic of English
throughout

its history More than two thirds of the English vocabulary are
borrowings.

Mostly they are words of Romanic origin (Latin, French, Italian,
Spanish).

Borrowed words are different from native ones by their phonetic
structure, by

their morphological structure and also by their grammatical forms. It
is also

characterisitic of borrowings to be non-motivated semantically.

English history is very rich in different types of contacts with
other

countries, that is why it is very rich in borrowings. The Roman
invasion, the

adoption of Cristianity, Scandinavian and Norman conquests of the
British

Isles, the development of British colonialism and trade and cultural

relations served to increase immensely the English vocabulary. The
majority

of these borrowings are fully assimilated in English in their
pronunciation,

grammar, spelling and can be hardly distinguished from native words.

English continues to take in foreign words , but now the quantity of

borrowings is not so abundunt as it was before. All the more so,
English now

has become a «giving» language, it has become Lingva franca of the
twentieth

century.

Borrowings can be classified according to different criteria:

a) according to the aspect which is borrowed,

b) according to the degree of assimilation,

c) according to the language from which the word was borrowed.

(In this classification only the main languages from which words were

borrowed into English are described, such as Latin, French, Italian.
Spanish,

German and Russian.)

CLASSIFICATION OF BORROWINGS ACCORDING TO THE
BORROWED ASPECT

There are the following groups: phonetic borrowings, translation
loans,

semantic borrowings, morphemic borrowings.

Phonetic borrowings are most characteristic in all languages, they
are called

loan words proper. Words are borrowed with their spelling,
pronunciation and

meaning. Then they undergo assimilation, each sound in the borrowed
word is

substituted by the corresponding sound of the borrowing language. In
some

cases the spelling is changed. The structure of the word can also be
changed.

The position of the stress is very often influenced by the phonetic
system of

the borrowing language. The paradigm of the word, and sometimes the
meaning

of the borrowed word are also changed. Such words as: labour, travel,
table,

chair, people are phonetic borrowings from French; apparatchik,
nomenklatura,

sputnik are phonetic borrowings from Russian; bank, soprano, duet are

phonetic borrowings from Italian etc.

Translation loans are word-for-word (or morpheme-for-morpheme )
translations

of some foreign words or expressions. In such cases the notion is
borrowed

from a foreign language but it is expressed by native lexical units,
«to take

the bull by the horns» (Latin), «fair sex» ( French), «living
space» (German)

etc. Some translation loans appeared in English from Latin already in
the Old

English period, e.g. Sunday (solis dies). There are translation loans
from

the languages of Indians, such as: «pipe of peace», «pale-faced»,
from

German «masterpiece», «homesickness», «superman».

Semantic borrowings are such units when a new meaning of the unit
existing in

the language is borrowed. It can happen when we have two relative
languages

which have common words with different meanings, e.g. there are
semantic

borrowings between Scandinavian and English, such as the meaning «to
live»

for the word «to dwell’ which in Old English had the meaning «to
wander». Or

else the meaning «дар»
, «подарок» for the word «gift»
which in Old English

had the meaning «выкуп
за жену».

Semantic borrowing can appear when an English word was borrowed into
some

other language, developed there a new meaning and this new meaning
was

borrowed back into English, e.g. «brigade» was
borrowed into Russian and

formed the meaning «a working
collective«,»бригада». This
meaning was

borrowed back into English as a Russian borrowing. The same is true
of the

English word «pioneer».

Morphemic borrowings are borrowings of affixes
which occur in the language

when many words with identical affixes are borrowed from one language
into

another, so that the morphemic structure of borrowed words becomes
familiar

to the people speaking the borrowing language, e.g. we can find a lot
of

Romanic affixes in the English word-building system, that is why
there are a

lot of words — hybrids in English where different morphemes have
different

origin, e.g. «goddess», «beautiful» etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF BORROWINGS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF
ASSIMILATION

The degree of assimilation of borrowings depends on the following
factors: a)

from what group of languages the word was borrowed, if the word
belongs to

the same group of languages to which the borrowing language belongs
it is

assimilated easier, b) in what way the word is borrowed: orally or in
the

written form, words borrowed orally are assimilated quicker, c) how
often the

borrowing is used in the language, the greater the frequency of its
usage,

the quicker it is assimilated, d) how long the word lives in the
language,

the longer it lives, the more assimilated it is.

Accordingly borrowings are subdivided into: completely assimilated,
partly

assimilated and non-assimilated (barbarisms).

Completely assimilated borrowings are not felt as foreign words in
the

language, cf the French word «sport» and the native word «start».
Completely

assimilated verbs belong to regular verbs, e.g. correct -corrected.

Completely assimilated nouns form their plural by means of
s-inflexion, e.g.

gate- gates. In completely assimilated French words the stress has
been

shifted from the last syllable to the last but one.

Semantic assimilation of borrowed words depends on the words existing
in the

borrowing language, as a rule, a borrowed word does not bring all its

meanings into the borrowing language, if it is polysemantic, e.g. the
Russian

borrowing «sputnik» is used in English only in one of its meanings.

Partly assimilated borrowings are subdivided into the following
groups: a)

borrowings non-assimilated semantically, because they denote objects
and

notions peculiar to the country from the language of which they were

borrowed, e.g. sari, sombrero, taiga, kvass etc.

b) borrowings non-assimilated grammatically, e.g. nouns borrowed from
Latin

and Greek retain their plural forms (bacillus — bacilli, phenomenon —

phenomena, datum -data, genius — genii etc.

c) borrowings non-assimilated phonetically. Here belong words with
the

consonants are used only in the intervocal position as allophones of
sounds

/f/ and /s/ ( loss — lose, life — live ). Some Scandinavian
borrowings have

consonants and combinations of consonants which were not palatalized,
e.g.

/sk/ in the words: sky, skate, ski etc (in native words we have the

palatalized sounds denoted by the digraph «sh», e.g. shirt);
sounds /k/ and

/g/ before front vowels are not palatalized e.g. girl, get, give,
kid, kill,

kettle. In native words we have palatalization , e.g. German, child.

Some French borrowings have retained their stress on the last
syllable, e.g.

police, cartoon. Some French borrowings retain special combinations
of

sounds, e.g. /a:3/ in the words : camouflage, bourgeois, some of them
retain

the combination of sounds /wa:/ in the words: memoir, boulevard.

d) borrowings can be partly assimilated graphically, e.g. in Greak
borrowings

«y» can be spelled in the middle of the word (symbol, synonym),
«ph» denotes

the sound /f/ (phoneme, morpheme), «ch» denotes the sound
/k/(chemistry,

chaos),«ps» denotes the sound /s/ (psychology).

Latin borrowings retain their polisyllabic structure, have double
consonants,

as a rule, the final consonant of the prefix is assimilated with the
initial

consonant of the stem, (accompany, affirmative).

French borrowings which came into English after 1650 retain their
spelling,

e.g. consonants «p», «t», «s» are not pronounced at the end of
the word

(buffet, coup, debris), Specifically French combination of letters
«eau» /ou/

can be found in the borrowings : beau, chateau, troussaeu. Some of
digraphs

retain their French pronunciation: ‘ch’ is pronounced as /sh/,
e.g. chic,

parachute, ‘qu’ is pronounced as /k/ e.g. bouquet, «ou» is
pronounced as

/u:/, e.g. rouge; some letters retain their French pronunciation,
e.g. «i»

Is pronounced as /I:/, e,g, chic, machine; «g» is pronounced as /3/, e.G.

rouge.

Modern German borrowings also have some peculiarities in their
spelling:

common nouns are spelled with a capital letter e.g. Autobahn,
Lebensraum;

some vowels and digraphs retain their German pronunciation, e.g. «a»
is

pronounced as /a:/ (Dictat), «u» is pronounced as /u:/ (Kuchen),
«au» is

pronounced as /au/ (Hausfrau), «ei» is pronounced as /ai/ (Reich);
some

consonants are also pronounced in the German way, e.g. «s» before a
vowel is

pronounced as /z/ (Sitskrieg), «v» is pronounced as /f/
(Volkswagen), «w» is

pronounced as /v/ , «ch» is pronounced as /h/ (Kuchen).

Non-assimilated borrowings (barbarisms) are borrowings which are used
by

Englishmen rather seldom and are non-assimilated, e.g. addio
(Italian), tete-

a-tete (French), dolce vita (Italian), duende (Spanish), an homme a
femme

(French), gonzo (Italian) etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF BORROWINGS ACCORDING

TO THE LANGUAGE FROM WHICH THEY WERE BORROWED

ROMANIC BORROWINGS

Latin borrowings.

Among words of Romanic origin borrowed from Latin during the period
when the

British Isles were a part of the Roman Empire, there are such words
as:

street, port, wall etc. Many Latin and Greek words came into English
during

the Adoption of Christianity in the 6-th century. At this time the
Latin

alphabet was borrowed which ousted the Runic alphabet. These
borrowings are

usually called classical borrowings. Here belong Latin words: alter,
cross,

dean, and Greek words: church, angel, devil, anthem.

Latin and Greek borrowings appeared in English during the Middle
English

period due to the Great Revival of Learning. These are mostly
scientific

words because Latin was the language of science at the time. These
words were

not used as frequently as the words of the Old English period,
therefore some

of them were partly assimilated grammatically, e.g. formula —
formulae. Here

also belong such words as: memorandum, minimum, maximum, veto etc.

Classical borrowings continue to appear in Modern English as well.
Mostly

they are words formed with the help of Latin and Greek morphemes.
There are

quite a lot of them in medicine (appendicitis, aspirin), in chemistry
(acid,

1. Overview
2. Prerequisites

1. Beginning Sounds Activities
2. Questions and Answers

G1: First Things First

Identify and practice listening to the beginning sound in one-syllable words, focusing on one sound (phoneme) at a time.

More

G2: Picture Piles

Sort picture cards into piles by their beginning sounds. Now that your child has learned some of the starting sounds, she will practice differentiating between multiple beginning sounds.

More

1. Overview

In the Word Families module, your child learned to synthesize beginning sounds and word stems to make words. In this module, your child will start analyzing one-syllable words by identifying, “chopping off,” and isolating their initial phonemes (sounds).

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2. Prerequisites

Here are a few things parents and teachers must do before teaching this section (and the following sections) to their children or students:

1. Be sure that you are pronouncing the individual sounds (phonemes) correctly. Start with the consonant sounds, because that’s what you’ll use in the Beginning Sounds activities.
2. Use the right child-appropriate terminology. When teaching children, explain that lower-case letters are “the pictures of what the sounds of the alphabet look like when we write them or see them printed in a book.”
3. Always have a copy of the written sound (the lower-case letter) for the beginning (onset) of the word in front of the child while doing these activities. For example, you will put out a d card when playing a game that focuses on the word duck. This will draw the child’s attention to the written sound while you pronounce it in the word.

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3. Beginning Sounds Activities

• G1: First Things First – Identify and practice listening to the beginning sound in one-syllable words, focusing on one sound (phoneme) at a time.
• G2: Picture Piles – Sort picture cards into piles by their beginning sounds. Now that your child has learned some of the starting sounds, she will practice differentiating between multiple beginning sounds.
• G3: Mark the Misfit – Look at five pictures and pick out the one that begins with a different sound.
• G4: Find the Hidden Word – Remove the first sound from a word to find the “hidden” word that remains, with picture cards as clues.
• G5: Say the Hidden Word – Remove the first sound from a word to find the “hidden” word that remains, but with no picture clues.
• G6: Sound Chop Bingo – Use the game of Bingo to identify the beginning sound that has been “chopped” off of a word.

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