Informal word for people

It is extremely important to know when to use either formal or informal language. This will depend on the business you are working in, the industry you are in, the people you are speaking with, and the topic you are talking about. Learning the formal and informal way to speak is also a great way to master and learn the language.

Both formal and informal languages serve different individual purposes. The two styles vary depending on the tone you use, the words you choose to use, and the way you construct the words together. Using formal language is less personal than using informal language. Always remember that the type of language you decide to use in writing or speaking will solely depend on your purpose and the audience you are speaking to. Here are some tips you must remember to help you know when to use either formal or informal language.

Formal Language

As mentioned above, formal language is less personal than informal language. This is commonly used when writing or speaking for professional or academic purposes like emails for business, formal letters, academic write-ups, professional academic circumstances, presentations, reports, official and or legal documents, job interviews, and any scenario where formal language is appropriate. Since it is less personal, this can be used when you are communicating with a person you do not personally know well, like public speeches and tenders.

Note that very formal English in everyday situations may sound pompous at times, so always consider the context and the audience you are targeting. In situations that are more serious like job interviews or emailing your university professor, using formal language is highly encouraged. This can help you avoid sounding disrespectful and inappropriate and help you sound polite and professional instead. Remember that formal language has a more complex grammar where the sentences are generally phrased longer and use modal verbs. In pronunciation, speech is slower when using formal language and the tone should be serious.

Informal Language

Informal language is more casual and laid back. This is commonly used with people you know well as your family and friends. You usually use this when you are in a relaxed environment. When your agenda is to share your personal thoughts or you are telling a story, you should use language that is appropriate to the scenario. Informal language has a more conversational tone, frequently using personal pronouns, informal expressions, sentences are shorter, and the feelings are more personal.

This type of language is best suited to use when telling a story, personal narrations, and social forms like blogs and personal emails. This can also be used in advertising, spontaneous speeches, networking, or socializing with your clients, meetings with your teams, text messages, and everyday conversations with your family and friends you know well. Contractions are used in informal languages to ease the flow and make the speech faster. Abbreviations and acronyms are also used to shorten the words. Colloquial language is also used to allow the casual flow of conversation. You can even insert an emoji here and there when using informal language!

Examples of Differences between Formal and Informal Language

Here are some examples of formal and informal languages used below in terms of:

Contractions

Informal: It won’t turn on.

Formal: The device will not turn on.

Phrasal Verbs

Informal: I don’t want to drop out of school.

Formal: I have no intention of leaving the school.

Slang

Informal: Imma go hit him up.

Formal: I am going to contact him.

Collocations

Informal: My business is going bankrupt.

Formal: My business has now officially ceased to trade.

Acronyms

Informal: I will send the files asap.

Formal: I will send the files as soon as I can.

First-Person Pronouns

Informal: I think my study is very useful.

Formal: The researcher is certain that the research conducted serves a lot of purposes.

Formal language is commonly used when writing. Informal language is usually used when speaking. However, this is always not the case. Always refer to the situation you are in upon deciding when to use either formal or informal language. If you are ever uncertain about whether what type of language you should use in a conversation, especially when speaking to someone older than you are or in a work environment, pay close attention to how they talk to you and try to follow their lead. However, when you are emailing someone you do not know, it is best to use formal language to be respectful and polite to the person you are emailing to.

Formal vs. Informal Words/Phrases

Learn an extensive list of 400+ formal vs. informal words and phrases in English.

Ask >>——-<< Enquire

Ask for >>——-<< Request

Book >>——-<< Reserve

Check >>——-<< Verify

Get >>——-<< Receive

Help >>——-<< Assist

Need >>——-<< Request

Say sorry >>——-<< Apologise

Start/ Begin >>——-<< Commence

End >>——-<< Terminate/ Finish

Try >>——-<< Endeavour

Deal with >>——-<< Handle

Tell >>——-<< Inform

Wait for >>——-<< Await

Fight >>——-<< Combat

Use/Eat >>——-<< Consume

Go >>——-<< Depart

Tough >>——-<< Difficult

Small >>——-<< Diminutive

Explain >>——-<< Disclose

Set out >>——-<< Display

Throw out >>——-<< Eject

Old >>——-<< Elderly

Say >>——-<< Express

Afraid >>——-<< Fearful

In the end >>——-<< Finally

Lucky >>——-<< Fortunate

But >>——-<< However

Wrong >>——-<< Incorrect

Go up >>——-<< Increase

Cheap >>——-<< Inexpensive

At first >>——-<< Initially

Mad >>——-<< Insane

Formal Words vs. Informal Words in English | Image 1

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Bright/smart >>——-<< Intelligent

Big/Large >>——-<< Enormous

Right >>——-<< Correct

A bit >>——-<< A little

Away >>——-<< Absent

Speed up >>——-<< Accelerate

Okay, ok >>——-<< Acceptable

Help >>——-<< Aid/ Assist

Let >>——-<< Allow

Call off >>——-<< Cancel

Friendly >>——-<< Amiable

Expect >>——-<< Anticipate

Seem >>——-<< Appear

Climb >>——-<< Ascend

Beat up >>——-<< Assault

Fall out >>——-<< Quarrel

Eager >>——-<< Avid

Stop >>——-<< Cease

Dare >>——-<< Challenge

Kids >>——-<< Children

Settle for >>——-<< Choose

Round >>——-<< Circular

Pick up >>——-<< Collect

Think of >>——-<< Conceive

Link up >>——-<< Connect

Think about >>——-<< Consider

Build >>——-<< Construct

Refer to >>——-<< Consult

Hurt >>——-<< Damage, harm

Go down >>——-<< Decrease

Want/ hope  >>——-<< Desire

Lack  >>——-<< Deficiency

Show >>——-<< Demonstrate

Brave >>——-<< Courageous

Pin down >>——-<< Determine

Put/ set down >>——-<< Deposit

Throw away >>——-<< Discard

Make out >>——-<< Discern

Talk about >>——-<< Discuss/consider

Give out >>——-<< Distribute

Give >>——-<< Donate

Remove >>——-<< Eliminate

Imagine >>——-<< Envisage

Break out >>——-<< Erupt

Get out >>——-<< Escape

Avoid >>——-<< Evade

Go through >>——-<< Examine

Make up >>——-<< Fabricate

Test >>——-<< Experiment

Ease >>——-<< Facilitate

Come after >>——-<< Follow

Sick >>——-<< Ill

Ask out >>——-<< Invite

Go away >>——-<< Leave/ depart

At once >>——-<< Immediately

Free >>——-<< Liberate

Deal with >>——-<< Manage

Bad >>——-<< Negative

Look into >>——-<< Investigate

Chance >>——-<< Opportunity

See >>——-<< Perceive

Happy >>——-<< Pleased

Give up >>——-<< Quit

Older >>——-<< Senior

Use >>——-<< Utilize

Enough >>——-<< Sufficient

End >>——-<< Terminate

Empty >>——-<< Vacant

Rich >>——-<< Wealthy

Mend >>——-<< Repair

Idea >>——-<< Notion

Mainly >>——-<< Principally

See >>——-<< Observe

Leave out >>——-<< Omit

Go against >>——-<< Oppose

Formal Words vs. Informal Words in English | Image 2

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Hungry >>——-<< Famished

Childish >>——-<< Immature

Maybe >>——-<< Perhaps

Good >>——-<< Positive

Give >>——-<< Provide

Buy >>——-<< Purchase

Say no >>——-<< Reject

Free >>——-<< Release

Look for >>——-<< Seek

Choose >>——-<< Select

Get by >>——-<< Survive

So >>——-<< Therefore

Put up with >>——-<< Tolerate

Block >>——-<< Undermine

Catch up >>——-<< Understand

Sight >>——-<< Vision

Young >>——-<< Youthful

Get >>——-<< Obtain

Need >>——-<< Require

Pay back >>——-<< Repay

Live >>——-<< Reside

Point out >>——-<< Indicate

Find out >>——-<< Learn/Discover

Get away >>——-<< Elude

Come in >>——-<< Enter

Lively >>——-<< Energetic

Clear >>——-<< Transparent

Whole >>——-<< Entire/Complete

Blow up >>——-<< Explode

Break down >>——-<< Fail/Collapse

Hopeless >>——-<< Futile

Hit out at >>——-<< Criticise

Tired >>——-<< Exhausted/ Fatigued

Clothes >>——-<< Garment

Go before >>——-<< Precede

Thanks >>——-<< Gratitude

Hurry >>——-<< Haste, hasten

Funny >>——-<< Humorous, amusing

Better >>——-<< Improved

Dim >>——-<< Indistinct

Worse >>——-<< Inferior

Put in >>——-<< Insert

Bring in >>——-<< Introduce

Make up >>——-<< Invent

Kidding >>——-<< Jesting

Naked >>——-<< Nude

Childish >>——-<< Infantile

A lot of >>——-<< Numerous

Stubborn >>——-<< Obstinate

Danger >>——-<< Peril

Put off >>——-<< Postpone

Here >>——-<< Present

Keep >>——-<< Preserve

Go ahead >>——-<< Proceed

Go after >>——-<< Pursue

Anyways >>——-<< Nevertheless

Let >>——-<< Permit

Sweat >>——-<< Perspiration

Look at >>——-<< Regard

Laid back >>——-<< Relaxed

Take out >>——-<< Remove

Rack up >>——-<< Accumulate

Over >>——-<< At an end

Good looking >>——-<< Attractive

Good for >>——-<< Beneficial

By >>——-<< By means of

Lead to >>——-<< Cause

Complex >>——-<< Convoluted

Go out of >>——-<< Exit

Death >>——-<< Demise

Break off >>——-<< Suspend/adjourn

Also >>——-<< In addition, additionally

Wood >>——-<< Timber

Describe >>——-<< Depict

Go on >>——-<< Continue

In charge of >>——-<< Responsible

Enjoyment >>——-<< Gratification

Dirty/ polluted >>——-<< Contaminated

Again & again >>——-<< Repeatedly

Marvelous >>——-<< Exceptional

Really big >>——-<< Considerable

Can >>——-<< Is capable of

Fork out  >>——-<< Pay (money)

Talk into >>——-<< Persuade

Come up to >>——-<< Reach/attain

Iron out >>——-<< Solve/overcome (a problem/difficulty)

Next/later >>——-<< Subsequently

Try out >>——-<< Test

Call on >>——-<< Visit

Drop out of >>——-<< Withdraw (from)

Look up to >>——-<< Respect

Look like >>——-<< Resemble

Job >>——-<< Occupation

Dad >>——-<< Father

Boss >>——-<< Employer

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Formal vs. Informal Words Video

Last Updated on September 27, 2022

Formal and Informal words list in English Pdf!

What are formal and informal Words?

Formal Language is like formal dress, in the formal language you have to be careful with words, and you have to choose words with respect. You cannot use the word ‘Ask’ in formal language because it is an informal word. You have to be a bit polite in formal language and vocabulary words, rather you can use ‘Inquire’ which is more formal than ‘ask’.

Informal Language is the language you speak with your friend’s circle. It is used in conversation with your family and friends, informal words are also respectful words, but they are less polite as compared to formal words.

Related: List of Formal Words in English

Formal and Informal words list in English

Here is the list of common 1000 Formal and Informal Words:

Informal  –>  Formal

• Ask  –>  Enquire
• Ask for  –>  Request
• Book  –>  Reserve
• Check  –>  Verify
• Get  –>  Receive
• Help  –>  Assist
• Need  –>  Request
• Say sorry  –>  Apologies
• Start/ Begin  –>  Commence
• End  –>  Terminate/ Finish
• Try  –>  Endeavour
• Deal with  –>  Handle
• Tell  –>  Inform
• Wait for  –>  Await
• Fight  –>  Combat
• Use/Eat  –>  Consume
• Go  –>  Depart
• Tough  –>  Difficult
• Small  –>  Diminutive
• Explain  –>  Disclose
• Set out  –>  Display
• Throw out  –>  Eject
• Old  –>  Elderly
• Say  –>  Express
• Afraid  –>  Fearful
• In the end  –>  Finally
• Lucky  –>  Fortunate
• But  –>  However
• Wrong  –>  Incorrect
• Go up  –>  Increase
• Cheap  –>  Inexpensive
• At first  –>  Initially
• Mad  –>  Insane
• Bright/smart  –>  Intelligent
• Big/Large  –>  Enormous
• Right  –>  Correct
• A bit  –>  A little
• Away  –>  Absent
• Speed up  –>  Accelerate
• Okay, ok  –>  Acceptable
• Help  –>  Aid/ Assist
• Let  –>  Allow
• Call off  –>  Cancel
• Friendly  –>  Amiable

Formal Informal Words Image 1

• Expect  –>  Anticipate
• Seem  –>  Appear
• Climb  –>  Ascend
• Beat up  –>  Assault
• Fall out  –>  Quarrel
• Eager  –>  Avid
• Stop  –>  Cease
• Dare  –>  Challenge
• Kids  –>  Children
• Settle for  –>  Choose
• Round  –>  Circular
• Pick up  –>  Collect
• Think of  –>  Conceive
• Link up  –>  Connect
• Think about  –>  Consider
• Build  –>  Construct
• Refer to  –>  Consult
• Hurt  –>  Damage, harm
• Go down  –>  Decrease
• Want/ hope   –>  Desire
• Lack   –>  Deficiency
• Show  –>  Demonstrate
• Brave  –>  Courageous
• Pin down  –>  Determine
• Put/ set down  –>  Deposit
• Throw away  –>  Discard
• Make out  –>  Discern
• Talk about  –>  Discuss/consider
• Give out  –>  Distribute
• Give  –>  Donate
• Remove  –>  Eliminate
• Imagine  –>  Envisage
• Break out  –>  Erupt
• Get out  –>  Escape
• Avoid  –>  Evade
• Go through  –>  Examine
• Make up  –>  Fabricate
• Test  –>  Experiment
• Ease  –>  Facilitate
• Come after  –>  Follow
• Sick  –>  Ill
• Ask out  –>  Invite
• Go away  –>  Leave/ depart
• At once  –>  Immediately
• Free  –>  Liberate
• Deal with  –>  Manage
• Bad  –>  Negative
• Look into  –>  Investigate
• Chance  –>  Opportunity
• See  –>  Perceive
• Happy  –>  Pleased
• Give up  –>  Quit
• Older  –>  Senior
• Use  –>  Utilize
• Enough  –>  Sufficient
• End  –>  Terminate
• Empty  –>  Vacant
• Rich  –>  Wealthy
• Mend  –>  Repair
• Idea  –>  Notion

Formal Informal Words Image 2

• Mainly  –>  Principally
• See  –>  Observe
• Leave out  –>  Omit
• Go against  –>  Oppose
• Hungry  –>  Famished
• Childish  –>  Immature
• Maybe  –>  Perhaps
• Good  –>  Positive
• Give  –>  Provide
• Buy  –>  Purchase
• Say no  –>  Reject
• Free  –>  Release
• Look for  –>  Seek
• Choose  –>  Select
• Get by  –>  Survive
• So  –>  Therefore
• Put up with  –>  Tolerate
• Block  –>  Undermine
• Catch up  –>  Understand
• Sight  –>  Vision
• Young  –>  Youthful
• Get  –>  Obtain
• Need  –>  Require
• Pay back  –>  Repay
• Live  –>  Reside
• Point out  –>  Indicate
• Find out  –>  Learn/Discover
• Get away  –>  Elude
• Come in  –>  Enter
• Lively  –>  Energetic
• Clear  –>  Transparent
• Whole  –>  Entire/Complete
• Blow up  –>  Explode
• Break down  –>  Fail/Collapse
• Hopeless  –>  Futile
• Hit out at  –>  Criticise
• Tired  –>  Exhausted/ Fatigued
• Clothes  –>  Garment
• Go before  –>  Precede
• Thanks  –>  Gratitude
• Hurry  –>  Haste, hasten
• Funny  –>  Humorous, amusing
• Better –> Improved
• Dim  –>  Indistinct
• Worse  –>  Inferior
• Put in  –>  Insert
• Bring in  –>  Introduce
• Make up  –>  Invent
• Kidding  –>  Jesting
• Naked  –>  Nude
• Childish  –>  Infantile
• A lot of  –>  Numerous
• Stubborn  –>  Obstinate
• Danger  –>  Peril
• Put off  –>  Postpone
• Here  –>  Present
• Keep  –>  Preserve
• Go ahead  –>  Proceed
• Go after  –>  Pursue
• Anyways  –>  Nevertheless
• Let  –>  Permit
• Sweat  –>  Perspiration
• Look at  –>  Regard
• Laid back  –>  Relaxed
• Take out  –>  Remove
• Rack up  –>  Accumulate
• Over  –>  At an end

Informal Formal Words Image 3

• Good looking  –>  Attractive
• Good for  –>  Beneficial
• By  –>  By means of
• Lead to  –>  Cause
• Complex  –>  Convoluted
• Go out of  –>  Exit
• Death  –>  Demise
• Break off  –>  Suspend/adjourn
• Also  –>  In addition, additionally
• Wood  –>  Timber
• Describe  –>  Depict
• Go on  –>  Continue
• In charge of  –>  Responsible
• Enjoyment  –>  Gratification
• Dirty/ polluted  –>  Contaminated
• Again & again  –>  Repeatedly
• Marvelous  –>  Exceptional
• Really big  –>  Considerable
• Can  –>  Is capable of
• Fork out   –>  Pay (money)
• Talk into  –>  Persuade
• Come up to  –>  Reach/attain
• Iron out  –>  Solve/overcome
• Next/later  –>  Subsequently
• Try out  –>  Test
• Call on  –>  Visit
• Drop out of  –>  Withdraw (from)
• Look up to  –>  Respect
• Look like  –>  Resemble
• Job  –>  Occupation
• Dad  –>  Father
• Boss  –>  Employer
• Avoid –> Evade
• Also In  –> Addition,
• Ask –> Enquire
• Afraid –>  Fearful
• At First –>  Initially
• Ask For –>  Request
• Again & Again   –> Repeatedly
• A Bit  –> A Little
• Avoid –>  Evade
• Anyway  –> Nevertheless
• Ask Out –> Invite
• Away  –> Absent
• At Once  –> Immediately
• A Lot Of  –> Numerous

Informal Formal Vocabulary Image 4

• Bright/smart –>  Intelligent
• Buy  –> Purchase
• Build  –> Construct
• But  –> However
• Bad  –> Negative
• Beat up –>  Assault
• Break out  –> Erupt
• Block  –> Undermine
• Blow up –>  Explode
• Boss  –> Employer
• Brave –>  Courageous
• Better –>  Improved
• Big/Large –>  Enormous
• Bring in –>  Introduce
• Break off  –> Suspend/adjourn
• Break down –>  Fail/Collapse
• Check  –> Verify
• Come after  –> Follow
• Choose –>  Select
• Clear  –> Transparent
• Come in  –> Enter
• Call off  –> Cancel
• Complex  –> Convoluted
• Call on –>  Visit
• Childish  –> Infantile
• Chance –>  Opportunity
• Cheap  –> Inexpensive
• Can Is  –> capable of
• Come up  –> to Reach/attain
• Climb –>  Ascend
• Clothes  –> Garment
• Dirty/ polluted  –> Contaminated
• Danger  –> Peril
• Dare  –> Challenge
• Dad  –> Father
• Describe –>  Depict
• Deal with –>  Handle
• Dim  –> Indistinct
• Death –>  Demise
• Deal  –> with Manage
• Drop out  –> of Withdraw (from)
• End  –> Terminate/ Finish
• Ease  –> Facilitate
• Eager –>  Avid
• Expect  –> Anticipate
• Enough  –> Sufficient
• Explain  –> Disclose
• End  –> Terminate
• Empty  –> Vacant
• Enjoyment  –> Gratification

Formal Informal Words Image 5

• friendly  –> Amiable
• Free  –> Liberate
• Fork out  –> Pay (money)
• Fall out –>  Quarrel
• Fight  –> Combat
• Get  –> Receive
• Get out  –> Escape
• Go  –> Depart
• Go before –>  Precede
• Go after  –> Pursue
• Good looking  –> Attractive
• Give –>  Donate
• Go down  –> Decrease
• Go through –>  Examine
• Good for –>  Beneficial
• Go ahead  –> Proceed
• Go up  –> Increase
• Go on  –> Continue
• Go out of  –> Exit
• Give up –>  Quit
• Get away –>  Elude
• Go away –>  Leave/ depart
• Give out –>  Distribute
• Go against –>  Oppose
• Get  –> Obtain
• Good  –> Positive
• Get by –>  Survive

Related: Formal and Informal Words List for IELTS

• Hit out at  –> Criticise
• Hungry –>  Famished
• Here  –> Present
• Help –>  Assist
• Hopeless –>  Futile
• Happy  –> Pleased
• Hurry  –> Haste, hasten
• Hurt  –> Damage
• Idea  –> Notion
• Imagine –>  Envisage
• In charge of –>  Responsible
• Iron out  –> Solve/overcome
• Job  –> Occupation
• Keep –>  Preserve
• Kidding  –> Jesting
• Kids  –> Children
• Look up to –>  Respect
• Look at –>  Regard
• Lucky  –> Fortunate
• Lead to –>  Cause
• Let  –> Allow
• Lucky –>  Fortunate
• Lack  –> Deficiency
• Look for  –> Seek
• Let  –> Permit
• Live –>  Reside
• Leave out  –> Omit
• Look like –>  Resemble
• Lively  –> Energetic
• Laid back –>  Relaxed
• Live  –> Reside
• Look into –>  Investigate
• Make up –>  Fabricate
• Mainly –>  Principally
• Mad  –> Insane
• Maybe  –> Perhaps
• Mend  –> Repair
• Marvelous –>  Exceptional
• Need  –> Require
• Naked  –> Nude
• Next/later  –> Subsequently
• Old  –> Elderly
• Over At an  –> end
• Okay, ok –>  Acceptable
• Older –>  Senior
• Put off  –> Postpone
• Pay back –>  Repay
• Put/ set down –>  Deposit
• Pin down –>  Determine
• Put in  –> Insert
• Pick up  –> Collect
• Put up with  –> Tolerate
• Point out  –> Indicate

Related: Formal and Informal Vocabulary Examples

Informal Formal Vocabulary Image 6

• Really big –>  Considerable
• Remove  –> Eliminate
• Rack up –>  Accumulate
• Refer to  –> Consult
• Rich  –> Wealthy
• Round  –> Circular
• Right  –> Correct
• Show  –> Demonstrate
• Speed up  –> Accelerate
• Stop  –> Cease
• Set up  –> Establish
• Sick –>  ill
• Stubborn  –> Obstinate
• Start/ Begin  –> Commence
• Shorten  –> Decrease
• Settle for  –> Choose
• Say no –>  Reject
• Small –>  Diminutive
• See –>  Observe
• So –>  Therefore
• Sight –>  Vision
• Seem  –> Appear
• Set out  –> Display
• Seem  –> Appear
• Sweat  –> Perspiration
• Say sorry –>  Apologise
• Say  –> Express
• Talk into  –> Persuade
• Tired –>  Exhausted/ Fatigued
• Throw away  –> Discard
• Take out –>  Remove
• Test  –> Experiment
• Thanks  –> Gratitude
• Tough  –> Difficult
• Try out  –> Test
• Talk about  –> Discuss/consider
• Throw  –> out Eject
• Think of  –>  Conceive
• Try  –> Endeavour
• Think about –>  Consider
• Tell  –> Inform
• Use  –> Utilize
• Wood  –> Timber
• Want/ hope –>  Desire
• Wrong –>  Incorrect
• Wait for  –> Await
• Want  –> Desire
• Worse  –> Inferior
• Whole –>  Entire/Complete
• Young –>  Youthful

Must Learn: 200 synonyms words list

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About The Author

Informal vocab-y is used in
one’s immediate circle: family, relatives or friends. Inf style is
free-and-easy, familiar and unpretentious. Inf words and word-groups
are traditionally divided into 3 types: colloquial,
slang and
dialect
words and word-groups.

Colloquialisms
are
used by everybody, and their sphere of communication is comparatively
wide, at least of literary
colloquial words. These
are inf words that are used in everyday conversational speech both by
cultivated and uneducated people of all age groups. Inf
words appear in dialogues in which they realistically reflect the
speech of modern people.

Pal and
chum
—friend;
girl, when
used coll-lly, denotes a woman of any age; bite
and snack
stand for
meal; hi,
hello are
inf greetings. A number of shortenings are found among words of this
type. pram,
exam, fridge, flu, prop, movie.Verbs
with post-positional adverbs are also numerous among coll-s: put
up, put over, make up, make out, turn in.
Literary coll-l words
are to be distinguished from familiar coll-l and low coll-l. The
borderline is not always clearly marked. familiar coll-l used mostly
by the young and the semi-educated. Low coll-l- uncultivated speech.

Slang-lang-ge
of a highly coll-l style, considered as below the level of standard
educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current
words employed in some special sense. Each slang is rooted in a joke,
but not in a kind or amusing joke. This is the criterion for
distinguishing slang from coll-s: most slang words are metaphors
often with a coarse, mocking, cynical colouring. used by the young
and uneducated. (mug-face,dogs-feet, blinkers-eyes)
Gene ral slang
includes words that are not specific for any social or professional
group, whereas spec ial slang is peculiar for some such group:
teenager slang, university slang, public school slang, Air Force
siang, football slang, sea slang, and so on.

Dialect-a
variety of a language which prevails in a district, with local
peculiarities of vocabulary, pronunciation and phrase. So dialects
are regional forms of English. brass
-money;to
lake-to
play; nivver
–never,
summat-something;
nowt-nothing;
mich-much;тип—must;
ay-
yes.

Western and Southern. Every group has 4 or
5dialects.

Cockney — Southern dialect (London). It
exists in 2 levels: as spoken by educated and uneducated people.
Features of Cockney dialect Interchange between [W] and [V]: [vel]
— [wel] — well

The voiceless and voiced dental spirants: [O] —
[f] fing — thing; [ ] — [v] faver — father.

Formal
Style

1. Learned
   words.

They are associated with printed pages.

Sphere of usage; they are used by educated and
highly educated people.

They are subdivided into:

Scientific prose — identified by their dry
flavour: comprise, compile, homogeneous.

Officialese — words of the official,
bueurocratic language. They should be avoided in speech: to
assist — to help, to proceed — to go, approximately — about.

Literary words — described as refined, they
are used in descriptive passages of fiction. They are represented by
the words of Roman languages and though fully adopted to English
phonetic system still sound foreign: solitude, sentiment,
fascination, cordial, allusive.

Modes of poetic diction — they are lofty,
high-flown, archaic, coloured, used only in poetry: alas,
constancy — верность, duth —
do.

Archaic and Obsolete
Words

rchaisms, obsolete words and historisms, their
general characteristics.

Obsolete words — are no longer in use,
especially out of use for at least a century. Archaic words —
are current in earlier times, but rare in present usage. Historisms
— are words denoting objects and phenomena, which are thing of
the past and no longer exist.

Features:

They stand close to the learned words (modes of
poetic dictions)

Archaisms are associated with printed pages.

They are moribund, are out of circulation,
rejected by living lang. and are not used in conversational
situations.

They are met in historical novels and poetry. They
are used to create a particular period of time.

Sometimes archaic words may undergo a sudden
reveal: kin used to be archaic word.

E.g.: thou — you, thy — your, nay -no, aye-
yes.

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