If statements in excel cells

IF function

The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect.

So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your comparison is False.

For example, =IF(C2=”Yes”,1,2) says IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2).

Use the IF function, one of the logical functions, to return one value if a condition is true and another value if it’s false.

IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])

For example:

=IF(A2>B2,»Over Budget»,»OK»)
=IF(A2=B2,B4-A4,»»)

Argument name	Description
logical_test (required)	The condition you want to test.
value_if_true (required)	The value that you want returned if the result of *logical_test* is TRUE.
value_if_false (optional)	The value that you want returned if the result of *logical_test* is FALSE.

Simple IF examples

=IF(C2=”Yes”,1,2)

In the above example, cell D2 says: IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2)

=IF(C2=1,”Yes”,”No”)

In this example, the formula in cell D2 says: IF(C2 = 1, then return Yes, otherwise return No)As you see, the IF function can be used to evaluate both text and values. It can also be used to evaluate errors. You are not limited to only checking if one thing is equal to another and returning a single result, you can also use mathematical operators and perform additional calculations depending on your criteria. You can also nest multiple IF functions together in order to perform multiple comparisons.

=IF(C2>B2,”Over Budget”,”Within Budget”)

In the above example, the IF function in D2 is saying IF(C2 Is Greater Than B2, then return “Over Budget”, otherwise return “Within Budget”)

=IF(C2>B2,C2-B2,0)

In the above illustration, instead of returning a text result, we are going to return a mathematical calculation. So the formula in E2 is saying IF(Actual is Greater than Budgeted, then Subtract the Budgeted amount from the Actual amount, otherwise return nothing).

=IF(E7=”Yes”,F5*0.0825,0)

In this example, the formula in F7 is saying IF(E7 = “Yes”, then calculate the Total Amount in F5 * 8.25%, otherwise no Sales Tax is due so return 0)

Note: If you are going to use text in formulas, you need to wrap the text in quotes (e.g. “Text”). The only exception to that is using TRUE or FALSE, which Excel automatically understands.

Common problems

Problem	What went wrong
0 (zero) in cell	There was no argument for either value_if_true or value_if_False arguments. To see the right value returned, add argument text to the two arguments, or add TRUE or FALSE to the argument.
#NAME? in cell	This usually means that the formula is misspelled.

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The syntax of the function «IF» with one condition

The operation syntax in Excel is the structure of the functions necessary for its operation data.

=IF(boolean;value_if_TRUE;value_if_FALSE)

Let us consider the function syntax:

Boolean – what the operator checks (text or numeric data cell).
Value_if_TRUE – what will appear in the cell when the text or numbers correspond to a predetermined condition (true).
Value_if_FALSE – what appears in the box when the text or the number does not meet the predetermined condition (false).

Example:

Logical IF functions.

The operator checks the A1 cell and compares it to 20. This is a «Boolean». When the contents of the column is more than 20, there is a true legend «greater 20». In the other case it’s «less or equal 20».

Attention! The words in the formula need to be quoted. For Excel to understand that you want to display text values.

Here is one more example. To gain admission to the exam, a group of students must successfully pass a test. The results are listed in a table with columns: a list of students, a credit, an exam.

list.

The statement IF should check not the digital data type but the text. Therefore, we prescribed in the formula В2= «done» We take the quotes for the program to recognize the text correctly.

The function IF in Excel with multiple conditions

Usually one condition for the logic function is not enough. If you need to consider several options for decision-making, spread operators’ IF into each other. Thus, we get several functions IF in Excel.

The syntax is as follows:

Here the operator checks the two parameters. If the first condition is true, the formula returns the first argument is the truth. False — the operator checks the second condition.

Examples of a few conditions of the function IF in Excel:

It’s a table for the analysis of the progress. The student received 5 points:

А – excellent;
В – above average or superior work;
C – satisfactory;
D – a passing grade;
E – completely unsatisfactory.

IF statement checks two conditions: the equality of value in the cells.

In this example, we have added a third condition, which implies the presence of another report card and «twos». The principle of the operator is the same.

Enhanced functionality with the help of the operators «AND» and «OR»

When you need to check out a few of the true conditions you use the function И. The point is: IF A = 1 AND A = 2 THEN meaning в ELSE meaning с.

OR function checks the condition 1 or condition 2. As soon as at least one condition is true, the result is true. The point is: IF A = 1 OR A = 2 THEN value B ELSE value C.

Functions AND & OR can check up to 30 conditions.

An example of using the operator AND:

It’s the example of using the logical operator OR.

How to compare data in two tables

Users often need to compare the two spreadsheets in an Excel to match. Examples of the «life»: compare the prices of goods in different bringing, to compare balances (accounting reports) in a few months, the progress of pupils (students) of different classes, in different quarters, etc.

To compare the two tables in Excel, you can use the COUNTIFS statement. Consider the order of application functions.

For example, consider the two tables with the specifications of various food processors. We planned allocation of color differences. This problem in Excel solves the conditional formatting.

Baseline data (tables, which will work with):

tables.

Select the first table. Conditional Formatting — create a rule — use a formula to determine the formatted cells:

In the formula bar write: = COUNTIFS (comparable range; first cell of first table)=0. Comparing range is in the second table.

To drive the formula into the range, just select it first cell and the last. «= 0» means the search for the exact command (not approximate) values.

Choose the format and establish what changes in the cell formula in compliance. It’s better to do a color fill.

Select the second table. Conditional Formatting — create a rule — use the formula. Use the same operator (COUNTIFS). For the second table formula:

Download all examples in Excel

Now it is easy to compare the characteristics of the data in the table.

Источник

The IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another value for a FALSE result. The result from IF can be a value, a cell reference, or even another formula. By combining the IF function with other logical functions like AND and OR, you can test more than one condition at a time.

Syntax

The generic syntax for the IF function looks like this:

=IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

The first argument, logical_test, is typically an expression that returns either TRUE or FALSE. The second argument, value_if_true, is the value to return when logical_test is TRUE. The last argument, value_if_false, is the value to return when logical_test is FALSE. Both value_if_true and value_if_false are optional, but you must provide one or the other. For example, if cell A1 contains 80, then:

=IF(A1>75,TRUE) // returns TRUE
=IF(A1>75,"OK") // returns "OK"
=IF(A1>85,"OK") // returns FALSE
=IF(A1>75,10,0) // returns 10
=IF(A1>85,10,0) // returns 0
=IF(A1>75,"Yes","No") // returns "Yes"
=IF(A1>85,"Yes","No") // returns "No"

Notice that text values like «OK», «Yes», «No», etc. must be enclosed in double quotes («»). However, numeric values should not be enclosed in quotes.

Logical tests

The IF function supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) when creating logical tests. Most commonly, the logical_test in IF is a complete logical expression that will evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. The table below shows some common examples:

Goal	Logical test
If A1 is greater than 75	A1>75
If A1 equals 100	A1=100
If A1 is less than or equal to 100	A1<=100
If A1 equals «Red»	A1=»red»
If A1 is not equal to «Red»	A1<>»red»
If A1 is less than B1	A1<B1
If A1 is empty	A1=»»
If A1 is not empty	A1<>»»
If A1 is less than current date	A1<TODAY()

Notice text values must be enclosed in double quotes («»), but numbers do not. The IF function does not support wildcards, but you can combine IF with COUNTIF to get basic wildcard functionality. To test for substrings in a cell, you can use the IF function with the SEARCH function.

Pass or Fail example

In the worksheet shown above, we want to assign either «Pass» or «Fail» based on a test score. A passing score is 70 or higher. The formula in D6, copied down, is:

=IF(C5>=70,"Pass","Fail")

Translation: If the value in C5 is greater than or equal to 70, return «Pass». Otherwise, return «Fail».

Note that the logical flow of this formula can be reversed. This formula returns the same result:

=IF(C5<70,"Fail","Pass")

Translation: If the value in C5 is less than 70, return «Fail». Otherwise, return «Pass».

Both formulas above, when copied down, will return correct results.

Note: If you are new to the idea of formula criteria, this article explains many examples.

Assign points based on color

In the worksheet below, we want to assign points based on the color in column B. If the color is «red», the result should be 100. If the color is «blue», the result should be 125. This requires that we use a formula based on two IF functions, one nested inside the other. The formula in C5, copied down, is:

=IF(B5="red",100,IF(B5="blue",125))

Translation: IF the value in B5 is «red», return 100. Else, if the value in B5 is «blue», return 125.

There are three things to notice in this example:

The formula will return FALSE if the value in B5 is anything except «red» or «blue»
The text values «red» and «blue» must be enclosed in double quotes («»)
The IF function is not case-sensitive and will match «red», «Red», «RED», or «rEd».

This is a simple example of a nested IFs formula. See below for a more complex example.

Return another formula

The IF function can return another formula as a result. For example, the formula below will return A1*5% when A1 is less than 100, and A1*7% when A1 is greater than or equal to 100:

=IF(A1<100,A1*5%,A1*7%)

Nested IF statements

The IF function can be «nested». A «nested IF» refers to a formula where at least one IF function is nested inside another in order to test for more conditions and return more possible results. Each IF statement needs to be carefully «nested» inside another so that the logic is correct. For example, the following formula can be used to assign a grade rather than a pass / fail result:

=IF(C6<70,"F",IF(C6<75,"D",IF(C6<85,"C",IF(C6<95,"B","A"))))

Up to 64 IF functions can be nested. However, in general, you should consider other functions, like VLOOKUP or XLOOKUP for more complex scenarios, because they can handle more conditions in a more streamlined fashion. For a more details see this article on nested IFs.

Note: the newer IFS function is designed to handle multiple conditions without nesting. However, a lookup function like VLOOKUP or XLOOKUP is usually a better approach unless the logic for each condition is custom.

IF with AND, OR, NOT

The IF function can be combined with the AND function and the OR function. For example, to return «OK» when A1 is between 7 and 10, you can use a formula like this:

=IF(AND(A1>7,A1<10),"OK","")

Translation: if A1 is greater than 7 and less than 10, return «OK». Otherwise, return nothing («»).

To return B1+10 when A1 is «red» or «blue» you can use the OR function like this:

=IF(OR(A1="red",A1="blue"),B1+10,B1)

Translation: if A1 is red or blue, return B1+10, otherwise return B1.

=IF(NOT(A1="red"),B1+10,B1)

Translation: if A1 is NOT red, return B1+10, otherwise return B1.

IF cell contains specific text

Because the IF function does not support wildcards, it is not obvious how to configure IF to check for a specific substring in a cell. A common approach is to combine the ISNUMBER function and the SEARCH function to create a logical test like this:

=ISNUMBER(SEARCH(substring,A1)) // returns TRUE or FALSE

For example, to check for the substring «xyz» in cell A1, you can use a formula like this:

=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("xyz",A1)),"Yes","No")

Read a detailed explanation here.

More information

Read more about nested IFs
Learn how to use VLOOKUP instead of nested IFs (video)
50 Examples of formula criteria

Notes

The IF function is not case-sensitive.
To count values conditionally, use the COUNTIF or the COUNTIFS functions.
To sum values conditionally, use the SUMIF or the SUMIFS functions.
If any of the arguments to IF are supplied as arrays, the IF function will evaluate every element of the array.

Источник

The IF function in Excel is used to give conditional outputs.

Syntax:

=IF(condition, value if TRUE, value if FALSE)

The IF statement in Excel checks the condition and returns the specified value if the condition is TRUE and another specified value if FALSE. At the place of value if TRUE and value of FALSE, you can put a value, a text within quotes, another formula or even another if statement (nested IF statement, we will talk about it).

Pro Note: IF in Excel 2016, 2013, and 2010 can have up to 64 nested IF statements. In Excel 2007 it was only 7.

The best thing about the IF statement is that you can customise TRUE and FALSE results. And this is what it is used for. Let’s see how…

IF Example 1:

Assume you have a list of people. Now you want to know how many of them are adults and how many are minors.

Let’s say people whose age is greater than 19 are Adults and who are less than 19 are minor.

In Cell C2 write this excel IF statement and drag it down:

=IF(B2>19,»Adult»,»Minor»)

Here, Excel will simply check if the value in cell B2 is greater than 19 or not. Since it is greater than 19, it shows Adult in C2. And it does the same for all cells. Finally, we get this:

This was a simple example of an IF function in Excel. However, most of the time you would require nested IF or a combination of IF with other Excel functions.

Let’s have another example of the IF statement.

Example 2. Nested IF in Excel To Check Multiple Conditions

Assume, in a given list, you are required to tell if a kid is an Adult or “Teenager or KID”. And if Minor is then he is a teenager (between the age of 13 and 19) or a kid (below the age of 13).

So here we have to do this

IF (is student’s age <20, if yes checkif(is student’s age <13, if yes then show “Kid”, If no then show “Teenager”), if No then show “Adult”)

There are other ways to do it but for the sake of understanding, we are taking this example.

Info: Most formulas are solved inside out but not IF statements. 
In a nested IF function, outer IF is solved first and then the inner IF. 
this is a basic diagram of the nested IFs control flow.

In cell C2, write this IF formula and drag it down to cell C10:

=IF(B6<20,IF(B6<13,»KID»,»Teenager»),»Adult»)

This is the final product we will have.

Now, let’s understand this. It’s easy.

IF(B6<20: this statement checks if the value in B6 is less than 20 not.

Since it is not, it skips the Value IF TRUE (IF(B6<13,»KID»,»Teenager»)) part and jumps to Value IF FALSE part and shows “Adult”.

Since most of them are above or equal to the age of 20, they are shown as “Adult”.

Note that Ravi is shown as “KID” as his age is 11 and Manyank is shown as “Teenager” as his age 16.

First, excel checks if Ravi’s age is <20. It’s TRUE. The control then moves to a TRUE section that contains another IF statement IF(B6<13. Next

Excel checks if Ravi<13. It’s TRUE. Control moves to the TRUE section of the IF. It contains “KID” and therefore it shows “KID” there.

Important Notes:

Nested IFs are solved inwards. The outer IF acts as a gateway to inner IF.
In Excel 2016, 2013 and 2010, you can have up to 64 steps of IF statements. In earlier Excel versions, it was only 7.
IF supports logical these operators = (equals to),< (less than), > (greater than) ,<= (less than or equal to),>= (greater than or equal to, <> (not equal to)
FALSE statements are optional, but TRUE options are mandatory.

Related Articles:

IF function with Wildcards

IF with OR Function in Excel

IF with AND Function in Excel

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Источник

IF function

Simple IF examples

Common problems

Need more help?

See Also

Need more help?

Want more options?

The syntax of the function «IF» with one condition

The function IF in Excel with multiple conditions

Enhanced functionality with the help of the operators «AND» and «OR»

How to compare data in two tables

Syntax

Logical tests

Pass or Fail example

Assign points based on color

Return another formula

Nested IF statements

IF with AND, OR, NOT

IF cell contains specific text

More information

Notes

IF Example 1:

Example 2. Nested IF in Excel To Check Multiple Conditions