Содержание
- IF function
- Simple IF examples
- Common problems
- Need more help?
- Create conditional formulas
- What do you want to do?
- Create a conditional formula that results in a logical value (TRUE or FALSE)
- Example
- Create a conditional formula that results in another calculation or in values other than TRUE or FALSE
- Example
- IF Function
- Related functions
- Summary
- Purpose
- Return value
- Arguments
- Syntax
- Usage notes
- Syntax
- Logical tests
- IF cell contains specific text
- Функция ЕСЛИ в Excel. Как использовать?
- Что возвращает функция
- Синтаксис
- Аргументы функции
- Дополнительная информация
- Функция Если в Excel примеры с несколькими условиями
- Пример 1. Проверяем простое числовое условие с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)
- Пример 2. Использование вложенной функции IF (ЕСЛИ) для проверки условия выражения
- Пример 3. Вычисляем сумму комиссии с продаж с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в Excel
- Пример 4. Используем логические операторы (AND/OR) (И/ИЛИ) в функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в Excel
- Пример 5. Преобразуем ошибки в значения “0” с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)
IF function
The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect.
So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your comparison is False.
For example, =IF(C2=”Yes”,1,2) says IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2).
Use the IF function, one of the logical functions, to return one value if a condition is true and another value if it’s false.
IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])
The condition you want to test.
The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is TRUE.
The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is FALSE.
Simple IF examples
In the above example, cell D2 says: IF(C2 = Yes, then return a 1, otherwise return a 2)
In this example, the formula in cell D2 says: IF(C2 = 1, then return Yes, otherwise return No)As you see, the IF function can be used to evaluate both text and values. It can also be used to evaluate errors. You are not limited to only checking if one thing is equal to another and returning a single result, you can also use mathematical operators and perform additional calculations depending on your criteria. You can also nest multiple IF functions together in order to perform multiple comparisons.
B2,”Over Budget”,”Within Budget”)» loading=»lazy»>
=IF(C2>B2,”Over Budget”,”Within Budget”)
In the above example, the IF function in D2 is saying IF(C2 Is Greater Than B2, then return “Over Budget”, otherwise return “Within Budget”)
B2,C2-B2,»»)» loading=»lazy»>
In the above illustration, instead of returning a text result, we are going to return a mathematical calculation. So the formula in E2 is saying IF(Actual is Greater than Budgeted, then Subtract the Budgeted amount from the Actual amount, otherwise return nothing).
In this example, the formula in F7 is saying IF(E7 = “Yes”, then calculate the Total Amount in F5 * 8.25%, otherwise no Sales Tax is due so return 0)
Note: If you are going to use text in formulas, you need to wrap the text in quotes (e.g. “Text”). The only exception to that is using TRUE or FALSE, which Excel automatically understands.
Common problems
What went wrong
There was no argument for either value_if_true or value_if_False arguments. To see the right value returned, add argument text to the two arguments, or add TRUE or FALSE to the argument.
This usually means that the formula is misspelled.
Need more help?
You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.
Источник
Create conditional formulas
Testing whether conditions are true or false and making logical comparisons between expressions are common to many tasks. You can use the AND, OR, NOT, and IF functions to create conditional formulas.
For example, the IF function uses the following arguments.
Formula that uses the IF function
logical_test: The condition that you want to check.
value_if_true: The value to return if the condition is True.
value_if_false: The value to return if the condition is False.
For more information about how to create formulas, see Create or delete a formula.
What do you want to do?
Create a conditional formula that results in a logical value (TRUE or FALSE)
To do this task, use the AND, OR, and NOT functions and operators as shown in the following example.
Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How do I copy an example?
Select the example in this article.
Selecting an example from Help
In Excel, create a blank workbook or worksheet.
In the worksheet, select cell A1, and press CTRL+V.
Important: For the example to work properly, you must paste it into cell A1 of the worksheet.
To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results, press CTRL+` (grave accent), or on the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Show Formulas button.
After you copy the example to a blank worksheet, you can adapt it to suit your needs.
Determines if the value in cell A2 is greater than the value in A3 and also if the value in A2 is less than the value in A4. (FALSE)
Determines if the value in cell A2 is greater than the value in A3 or if the value in A2 is less than the value in A4. (TRUE)
Determines if the sum of the values in cells A2 and A3 is not equal to 24. (FALSE)
Determines if the value in cell A5 is not equal to «Sprockets.» (FALSE)
Determines if the value in cell A5 is not equal to «Sprockets» or if the value in A6 is equal to «Widgets.» (TRUE)
For more information about how to use these functions, see AND function, OR function, and NOT function.
Create a conditional formula that results in another calculation or in values other than TRUE or FALSE
To do this task, use the IF, AND, and OR functions and operators as shown in the following example.
Example
The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blank worksheet.
How do I copy an example?
Select the example in this article.
Important: Do not select the row or column headers.
Selecting an example from Help
In Excel, create a blank workbook or worksheet.
In the worksheet, select cell A1, and press CTRL+V.
Important: For the example to work properly, you must paste it into cell A1 of the worksheet.
To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results, press CTRL+` (grave accent), or on the Formulas tab, in the Formula Auditing group, click the Show Formulas button.
After you copy the example to a blank worksheet, you can adapt it to suit your needs.
=IF(A2=15, «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A2 equals 15, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (OK)
=IF(A2<>15, «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A2 is not equal to 15, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (Not OK)
=IF(NOT(A2 «SPROCKETS», «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A5 is not equal to «SPROCKETS», return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (Not OK)
If the value in cell A2 is greater than the value in A3 and the value in A2 is also less than the value in A4, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (Not OK)
=IF(AND(A2<>A3, A2<>A4), «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A2 is not equal to A3 and the value in A2 is also not equal to the value in A4, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (OK)
If the value in cell A2 is greater than the value in A3 or the value in A2 is less than the value in A4, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (OK)
=IF(OR(A5<>«Sprockets», A6<>«Widgets»), «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A5 is not equal to «Sprockets» or the value in A6 is not equal to «Widgets», return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (Not OK)
=IF(OR(A2<>A3, A2<>A4), «OK», «Not OK»)
If the value in cell A2 is not equal to the value in A3 or the value in A2 is not equal to the value in A4, return «OK.» Otherwise, return «Not OK.» (OK)
For more information about how to use these functions, see IF function, AND function, and OR function.
Источник
IF Function
Summary
The Excel IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another for a FALSE result. For example, to «pass» scores above 70: =IF(A1>70,»Pass»,»Fail»). More than one condition can be tested by nesting IF functions. The IF function can be combined with logical functions like AND and OR to extend the logical test.
Purpose
Return value
Arguments
- logical_test — A value or logical expression that can be evaluated as TRUE or FALSE.
- value_if_true — [optional] The value to return when logical_test evaluates to TRUE.
- value_if_false — [optional] The value to return when logical_test evaluates to FALSE.
Syntax
Usage notes
The IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another value for a FALSE result. The result from IF can be a value, a cell reference, or even another formula. By combining the IF function with other logical functions like AND and OR, you can test more than one condition at a time.
Syntax
The generic syntax for the IF function looks like this:
The first argument, logical_test, is typically an expression that returns either TRUE or FALSE. The second argument, value_if_true, is the value to return when logical_test is TRUE. The last argument, value_if_false, is the value to return when logical_test is FALSE. Both value_if_true and value_if_false are optional, but you must provide one or the other. For example, if cell A1 contains 80, then:
Notice that text values like «OK», «Yes», «No», etc. must be enclosed in double quotes («»). However, numeric values should not be enclosed in quotes.
Logical tests
The IF function supports logical operators (>, ,=) when creating logical tests. Most commonly, the logical_test in IF is a complete logical expression that will evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. The table below shows some common examples:
Goal | Logical test |
---|---|
If A1 is greater than 75 | A1>75 |
If A1 equals 100 | A1=100 |
If A1 is less than or equal to 100 | A1 «red» |
If A1 is less than B1 | A1 «» |
If A1 is less than current date | A1 and less than 10, return «OK». Otherwise, return nothing («»).
To return B1+10 when A1 is «red» or «blue» you can use the OR function like this: Translation: if A1 is red or blue, return B1+10, otherwise return B1. Translation: if A1 is NOT red, return B1+10, otherwise return B1. IF cell contains specific textBecause the IF function does not support wildcards, it is not obvious how to configure IF to check for a specific substring in a cell. A common approach is to combine the ISNUMBER function and the SEARCH function to create a logical test like this: For example, to check for the substring «xyz» in cell A1, you can use a formula like this: Источник Функция ЕСЛИ в Excel. Как использовать?Функция ЕСЛИ в Excel — это отличный инструмент для проверки условий на ИСТИНУ или ЛОЖЬ. Если значения ваших расчетов равны заданным параметрам функции как ИСТИНА, то она возвращает одно значение, если ЛОЖЬ, то другое. Что возвращает функцияЗаданное вами значение при выполнении двух условий ИСТИНА или ЛОЖЬ. Синтаксис
=ЕСЛИ(лог_выражение; [значение_если_истина]; [значение_если_ложь]) — русская версия Аргументы функции
Дополнительная информация
Функция Если в Excel примеры с несколькими условиямиПример 1. Проверяем простое числовое условие с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)При использовании функции ЕСЛИ в Excel, вы можете использовать различные операторы для проверки состояния. Вот список операторов, которые вы можете использовать:
Ниже приведен простой пример использования функции при расчете оценок студентов. Если сумма баллов больше или равна «35», то формула возвращает “Сдал”, иначе возвращается “Не сдал”. Пример 2. Использование вложенной функции IF (ЕСЛИ) для проверки условия выраженияФункция может принимать до 64 условий одновременно. Несмотря на то, что создавать длинные вложенные функции нецелесообразно, то в редких случаях вы можете создать формулу, которая множество условий последовательно. В приведенном ниже примере мы проверяем два условия.
Пример 3. Вычисляем сумму комиссии с продаж с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в ExcelФункция позволяет выполнять вычисления с числами. Хороший пример использования — расчет комиссии продаж для торгового представителя. В приведенном ниже примере, торговый представитель по продажам:
Рассчитать размер комиссионных для торгового агента можно по следующей формуле: =ЕСЛИ(B2 — русская версия
В формуле, использованной в примере выше, вычисление суммы комиссионных выполняется в самой функции ЕСЛИ . Если объем продаж находится между 50-100K, то формула возвращает B2 * 2%, что составляет 2% комиссии в зависимости от объема продажи. Пример 4. Используем логические операторы (AND/OR) (И/ИЛИ) в функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в ExcelВы можете использовать логические операторы (AND/OR) (И/ИЛИ) внутри функции для одновременного тестирования нескольких условий. Например, предположим, что вы должны выбрать студентов для стипендий, основываясь на оценках и посещаемости. В приведенном ниже примере учащийся имеет право на участие только в том случае, если он набрал более 80 баллов и имеет посещаемость более 80%.
Вы можете использовать функцию AND (И) вместе с функцией IF (ЕСЛИ) , чтобы сначала проверить, выполняются ли оба эти условия или нет. Если условия соблюдены, функция возвращает “Имеет право”, в противном случае она возвращает “Не имеет право”. Формула для этого расчета:
=ЕСЛИ(И(B2>80;C2>80%);»Да»;»Нет») — русская версия Пример 5. Преобразуем ошибки в значения “0” с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)С помощью этой функции вы также можете убирать ячейки содержащие ошибки. Вы можете преобразовать значения ошибок в пробелы или нули или любое другое значение. Формула для преобразования ошибок в ячейках следующая:
=ЕСЛИ(ЕОШИБКА(A1);0;A1) — русская версия Формула возвращает “0”, в случае если в ячейке есть ошибка, иначе она возвращает значение ячейки. ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Если вы используете Excel 2007 или версии после него, вы также можете использовать функцию IFERROR для этого. Точно так же вы можете обрабатывать пустые ячейки. В случае пустых ячеек используйте функцию ISBLANK, на примере ниже:
=ЕСЛИ(ЕПУСТО(A1);0;A1) — русская версия Источник Adblock |
The IF function allows you to make a logical comparison between a value and what you expect by testing for a condition and returning a result if that condition is True or False.
-
=IF(Something is True, then do something, otherwise do something else)
But what if you need to test multiple conditions, where let’s say all conditions need to be True or False (AND), or only one condition needs to be True or False (OR), or if you want to check if a condition does NOT meet your criteria? All 3 functions can be used on their own, but it’s much more common to see them paired with IF functions.
Use the IF function along with AND, OR and NOT to perform multiple evaluations if conditions are True or False.
Syntax
-
IF(AND()) — IF(AND(logical1, [logical2], …), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))
-
IF(OR()) — IF(OR(logical1, [logical2], …), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))
-
IF(NOT()) — IF(NOT(logical1), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))
Argument name |
Description |
|
logical_test (required) |
The condition you want to test. |
|
value_if_true (required) |
The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is TRUE. |
|
value_if_false (optional) |
The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is FALSE. |
|
Here are overviews of how to structure AND, OR and NOT functions individually. When you combine each one of them with an IF statement, they read like this:
-
AND – =IF(AND(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if False)
-
OR – =IF(OR(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if False)
-
NOT – =IF(NOT(Something is True), Value if True, Value if False)
Examples
Following are examples of some common nested IF(AND()), IF(OR()) and IF(NOT()) statements. The AND and OR functions can support up to 255 individual conditions, but it’s not good practice to use more than a few because complex, nested formulas can get very difficult to build, test and maintain. The NOT function only takes one condition.
Here are the formulas spelled out according to their logic:
Formula |
Description |
---|---|
=IF(AND(A2>0,B2<100),TRUE, FALSE) |
IF A2 (25) is greater than 0, AND B2 (75) is less than 100, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case both conditions are true, so TRUE is returned. |
=IF(AND(A3=»Red»,B3=»Green»),TRUE,FALSE) |
If A3 (“Blue”) = “Red”, AND B3 (“Green”) equals “Green” then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case only the first condition is true, so FALSE is returned. |
=IF(OR(A4>0,B4<50),TRUE, FALSE) |
IF A4 (25) is greater than 0, OR B4 (75) is less than 50, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, only the first condition is TRUE, but since OR only requires one argument to be true the formula returns TRUE. |
=IF(OR(A5=»Red»,B5=»Green»),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A5 (“Blue”) equals “Red”, OR B5 (“Green”) equals “Green” then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, the second argument is True, so the formula returns TRUE. |
=IF(NOT(A6>50),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A6 (25) is NOT greater than 50, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case 25 is not greater than 50, so the formula returns TRUE. |
=IF(NOT(A7=»Red»),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A7 (“Blue”) is NOT equal to “Red”, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. |
Note that all of the examples have a closing parenthesis after their respective conditions are entered. The remaining True/False arguments are then left as part of the outer IF statement. You can also substitute Text or Numeric values for the TRUE/FALSE values to be returned in the examples.
Here are some examples of using AND, OR and NOT to evaluate dates.
Here are the formulas spelled out according to their logic:
Formula |
Description |
---|---|
=IF(A2>B2,TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A2 is greater than B2, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. 03/12/14 is greater than 01/01/14, so the formula returns TRUE. |
=IF(AND(A3>B2,A3<C2),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A3 is greater than B2 AND A3 is less than C2, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case both arguments are true, so the formula returns TRUE. |
=IF(OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A4 is greater than B2 OR A4 is less than B2 + 60, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case the first argument is true, but the second is false. Since OR only needs one of the arguments to be true, the formula returns TRUE. If you use the Evaluate Formula Wizard from the Formula tab you’ll see how Excel evaluates the formula. |
=IF(NOT(A5>B2),TRUE,FALSE) |
IF A5 is not greater than B2, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, A5 is greater than B2, so the formula returns FALSE. |
Using AND, OR and NOT with Conditional Formatting
You can also use AND, OR and NOT to set Conditional Formatting criteria with the formula option. When you do this you can omit the IF function and use AND, OR and NOT on their own.
From the Home tab, click Conditional Formatting > New Rule. Next, select the “Use a formula to determine which cells to format” option, enter your formula and apply the format of your choice.
Using the earlier Dates example, here is what the formulas would be.
Formula |
Description |
---|---|
=A2>B2 |
If A2 is greater than B2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing. |
=AND(A3>B2,A3<C2) |
If A3 is greater than B2 AND A3 is less than C2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing. |
=OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60) |
If A4 is greater than B2 OR A4 is less than B2 plus 60 (days), then format the cell, otherwise do nothing. |
=NOT(A5>B2) |
If A5 is NOT greater than B2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing. In this case A5 is greater than B2, so the result will return FALSE. If you were to change the formula to =NOT(B2>A5) it would return TRUE and the cell would be formatted. |
Note: A common error is to enter your formula into Conditional Formatting without the equals sign (=). If you do this you’ll see that the Conditional Formatting dialog will add the equals sign and quotes to the formula — =»OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60)», so you’ll need to remove the quotes before the formula will respond properly.
Need more help?
See also
You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.
Learn how to use nested functions in a formula
IF function
AND function
OR function
NOT function
Overview of formulas in Excel
How to avoid broken formulas
Detect errors in formulas
Keyboard shortcuts in Excel
Logical functions (reference)
Excel functions (alphabetical)
Excel functions (by category)
The logical IF statement in Excel is used for the recording of certain conditions. It compares the number and / or text, function, etc. of the formula when the values correspond to the set parameters, and then there is one record, when do not respond — another.
Logic functions — it is a very simple and effective tool that is often used in practice. Let us consider it in details by examples.
The syntax of the function «IF» with one condition
The operation syntax in Excel is the structure of the functions necessary for its operation data.
=IF(boolean;value_if_TRUE;value_if_FALSE)
Let us consider the function syntax:
- Boolean – what the operator checks (text or numeric data cell).
- Value_if_TRUE – what will appear in the cell when the text or numbers correspond to a predetermined condition (true).
- Value_if_FALSE – what appears in the box when the text or the number does not meet the predetermined condition (false).
Example:
Logical IF functions.
The operator checks the A1 cell and compares it to 20. This is a «Boolean». When the contents of the column is more than 20, there is a true legend «greater 20». In the other case it’s «less or equal 20».
Attention! The words in the formula need to be quoted. For Excel to understand that you want to display text values.
Here is one more example. To gain admission to the exam, a group of students must successfully pass a test. The results are listed in a table with columns: a list of students, a credit, an exam.
The statement IF should check not the digital data type but the text. Therefore, we prescribed in the formula В2= «done» We take the quotes for the program to recognize the text correctly.
The function IF in Excel with multiple conditions
Usually one condition for the logic function is not enough. If you need to consider several options for decision-making, spread operators’ IF into each other. Thus, we get several functions IF in Excel.
The syntax is as follows:
Here the operator checks the two parameters. If the first condition is true, the formula returns the first argument is the truth. False — the operator checks the second condition.
Examples of a few conditions of the function IF in Excel:
It’s a table for the analysis of the progress. The student received 5 points:
- А – excellent;
- В – above average or superior work;
- C – satisfactory;
- D – a passing grade;
- E – completely unsatisfactory.
IF statement checks two conditions: the equality of value in the cells.
In this example, we have added a third condition, which implies the presence of another report card and «twos». The principle of the operator is the same.
Enhanced functionality with the help of the operators «AND» and «OR»
When you need to check out a few of the true conditions you use the function И. The point is: IF A = 1 AND A = 2 THEN meaning в ELSE meaning с.
OR function checks the condition 1 or condition 2. As soon as at least one condition is true, the result is true. The point is: IF A = 1 OR A = 2 THEN value B ELSE value C.
Functions AND & OR can check up to 30 conditions.
An example of using the operator AND:
It’s the example of using the logical operator OR.
How to compare data in two tables
Users often need to compare the two spreadsheets in an Excel to match. Examples of the «life»: compare the prices of goods in different bringing, to compare balances (accounting reports) in a few months, the progress of pupils (students) of different classes, in different quarters, etc.
To compare the two tables in Excel, you can use the COUNTIFS statement. Consider the order of application functions.
For example, consider the two tables with the specifications of various food processors. We planned allocation of color differences. This problem in Excel solves the conditional formatting.
Baseline data (tables, which will work with):
Select the first table. Conditional Formatting — create a rule — use a formula to determine the formatted cells:
In the formula bar write: = COUNTIFS (comparable range; first cell of first table)=0. Comparing range is in the second table.
To drive the formula into the range, just select it first cell and the last. «= 0» means the search for the exact command (not approximate) values.
Choose the format and establish what changes in the cell formula in compliance. It’s better to do a color fill.
Select the second table. Conditional Formatting — create a rule — use the formula. Use the same operator (COUNTIFS). For the second table formula:
Download all examples in Excel
Now it is easy to compare the characteristics of the data in the table.
Multiple IF Conditions in Excel
The multiple IF conditions in Excel are IF statements contained within another IF statement. They are used to test multiple conditions simultaneously and return distinct values. The additional IF statements can be included in the “value if true” and “value if false” arguments of a standard IF formula.
For example, suppose we have a dataset of students’ scores from B1:B12. We need to grade the students according to their scores. Then, using the IF condition, we can manage the multiple conditions. In this example, we can insert the nested IF formula in cell D1 to assign a grade to a score. We can grade total score as “A,” “B,” “C,” “D,” and “F.” A score would be “F” if it is greater than or equal to 30, “D” if it is greater than 60, and “C” if it is greater than or equal to 70, and “A,” “B” if the score is less than 95. We can insert the formula in D1 with 5 separate IF functions:
=IF(B1>30,”F”,IF(B1>60,”D”,IF(B1>70,”C”,IF(C5>80,”B”,”A”))))
Table of contents
- Multiple IF Condition in Excel
- Explanation
- Examples
- Example #1
- Example #2
- Example #3
- Example #4
- Things to Remember
- Recommended Articles
Explanation
The IF formula is used when we wish to test a condition and return one value if the condition is met and another value if it is not met.
Each subsequent IF formula is incorporated into the “value_if_false” argument of the previous IF. So, the nested IF excelIn Excel, nested if function means using another logical or conditional function with the if function to test multiple conditions. For example, if there are two conditions to be tested, we can use the logical functions AND or OR depending on the situation, or we can use the other conditional functions to test even more ifs inside a single if.read more formula works as follows:
Syntax
IF (condition1, result1, IF (condition2, result2, IF (condition3, result3,………..)))
Examples
You can download this Multiple Ifs Excel Template here – Multiple Ifs Excel Template
Example #1
Suppose we wish to find how a student scores in an exam. There are two exam scores of a student, and we define the total score (sum of the two scores) as “Good,” “Average,” and “Bad.” A score would be “Good” if it is greater than or equal to 60, ‘Average’ if it is between 40 and 60, and ‘Bad’ if it is less than or equal to 40.
Let us say the first score is stored in column B, the second in column C.
The following formula tells Excel to return “Good,” “Average,” or “Bad”:
=IF(D2>=60,”Good”,IF(D2>40,”Average”,”Bad”))
This formula returns the result as given below:
Drag the formula to get results for the rest of the cells.
We can see that one multiple IF function is sufficient in this case as we need to get only 3 results.
We can see that one multiple IF function is sufficient in this case as we need to get only 3 results.
Example #2
We want to test one more condition in the above examples: the total score of 70 and above is categorized as “Excellent.”
=IF(D2>=70,”Excellent”,IF(D2>=60,”Good”,IF(D2>40,”Average”,”Bad”)))
This formula returns the result as given below:
Excellent: >=70
Good: Between 60 & 69
Average: Between 41 & 59
Bad: <=40
Drag the formula to get results for the rest of the cells.
We can add several “IF” conditions if required similarly.
Example #3
Suppose we wish to test a few sets of different conditions. In that case, those conditions can be expressed using logical OR and AND, nesting the functions inside IF statements and then nesting the IF statements into each other.
For instance, if we have two columns containing the number of targets made by an employee in 2 quarters: Q1 and Q2. Then, we wish to calculate the performance bonus of the employee based on a higher target number.
We can make a formula with the logic:
- If either Q1 or Q2 targets are greater than 70, then the employee gets a 10% bonus,
- If either of them is greater than 60, then the employee receives a 7% bonus,
- If either of them is greater than 50, then the employee gets a 5% bonus,
- If either is greater than 40, then the employee receives a 3% bonus. Else, no bonus.
So, we first write a few OR statements like (B2>=70,C2>=70), and then nest them into logical tests of IF functions as follows:
=IF(OR(B2>=70,C2>=70),10%,IF(OR(B2>=60,C2>=60),7%, IF(OR(B2>=50,C2>=50),5%, IF(OR(B2>=40,C2>=40),3%,””))))
This formula returns the result as given below:
Next, drag the formula to get the results of the rest of the cells.
Example #4
Now, let us say we want to test one more condition in the above example:
- If both Q1 and Q2 targets are greater than 70, then the employee gets a 10% bonus
- if both of them are greater than 60, then the employee receives a 7% bonus
- if both of them are greater than 50, then the employee gets a 5% bonus
- if both of them are greater than 40, then the employee receives a 3% bonus
- Else, no bonus.
So, we first write a few AND statements like (B2>=70,C2>=70), and then nest them: tests of IF functions as follows:
=IF(AND(B2>=70,C2>=70),10%,IF(AND(B2>=60,C2>=60),7%, IF(AND(B2>=50,C2>=50),5%, IF(AND(B2>=40,C2>=40),3%,””))))
This formula returns the result as given below:
Next, drag the formula to get results for the rest of the cells.
Things to Remember
- The multiple IF function evaluates the logical tests in the order they appear in a formula. So, for example, as soon as one condition evaluates to be “True,” the following conditions are not tested.
- For instance, if we consider the second example discussed above, the multiple IF condition in Excel evaluates the first logical test (D2>=70) and returns “Excellent” because the condition is “True” in the below formula:
=IF(D2>=70,”Excellent”,IF(D2>=60,,”Good”,IF(D2>40,”Average”,”Bad”))
Now, if we reverse the order of IF functions in Excel as follows:
=IF(D2>40,”Average”,IF(D2>=60,,”Good”,IF(D2>=70,”Excellent”,”Bad”))
In this case, the formula tests the first condition. Since 85 is greater than or equal to 70, a result of this condition is also “True,” so the formula would return “Average” instead of “Excellent” without testing the following conditions.
Correct Order
Incorrect Order
Note: Changing the order of the IF function in Excel would change the result.
- Evaluate the formula logic– To see the step-by-step evaluation of multiple IF conditions, we can use the ‘Evaluate Formula’ feature in excel on the “Formula” tab in the “Formula Auditing” group. Clicking the “Evaluate” button will show all the steps in the evaluation process.
- For instance, in the second example, the evaluation of the first logical testA logical test in Excel results in an analytical output, either true or false. The equals to operator, “=,” is the most commonly used logical test.read more of multiple IF formulas will go as D2>=70; 85>=70; True; Excellent.
- Balancing the parentheses: If the parentheses do not match in terms of number and order, then the multiple IF formula would not work.
- If we have more than one set of parentheses, the parentheses pairs are shaded in different colors so that the opening parentheses match the closing ones.
- Also, on closing the parenthesis, the matching pair is highlighted.
- Numbers and Text should be treated differently: The text should always be enclosed in double quotes in the multiple IF formula.
- Multiple IF’s can often become troublesome: Managing many true and false conditions and closing brackets in one statement becomes difficult. Therefore, it is always good to use other tools like IF function or VLOOKUP in case Multiple IF’sSometimes while working with data, when we match the data to the reference Vlookup, it finds the first value and does not look for the next value. However, for a second result, to use Vlookup with multiple criteria, we need to use other functions with it.read more are difficult to maintain in Excel.
Recommended Articles
This article is a guide to Multiple IF Conditions in Excel. We discuss using multiple IF conditions, practical examples, and a downloadable Excel template. You may also learn more about Excel from the following articles: –
- IF OR in VBAIF OR is not a single statement; it is a pair of logical functions used together in VBA when we have more than one criteria to check, and when we use the if statement, we receive the true result if either of the criteria is met.read more
- COUNTIF in ExcelThe COUNTIF function in Excel counts the number of cells within a range based on pre-defined criteria. It is used to count cells that include dates, numbers, or text. For example, COUNTIF(A1:A10,”Trump”) will count the number of cells within the range A1:A10 that contain the text “Trump”
read more - IFERROR Excel Function – ExamplesThe IFERROR function in Excel checks a formula (or a cell) for errors and returns a specified value in place of the error.read more
- SUMIF Excel FunctionThe SUMIF Excel function calculates the sum of a range of cells based on given criteria. The criteria can include dates, numbers, and text. For example, the formula “=SUMIF(B1:B5, “<=12”)” adds the values in the cell range B1:B5, which are less than or equal to 12.
read more
IF function is undoubtedly one of the most important functions in excel. In general, IF statements give the desired intelligence to a program so that it can make decisions based on given criteria and, most importantly, decide the program flow.
In Microsoft Excel terminology, IF statements are also called «Excel IF-Then statements». IF function evaluates a boolean/logical expression and returns one value if the expression evaluates to ‘TRUE’ and another value if the expression evaluates to ‘FALSE’.
Definition of Excel IF Function
According to Microsoft Excel, IF function is defined as a formula which «checks whether a condition is met, returns one value if true and another value if false».
Syntax
Syntax of IF function in Excel is as follows:
=IF(logic_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
'logic_test'
(required argument) – Refers to the boolean expression or logical expression that needs to be evaluated.'value_if_true'
(optional argument) – Refers to the value that will be returned by the IF function if the 'logic_test'
evaluates to TRUE.'value_if_false'
(optional argument) – Refers to the value that will be returned by the IF function if the 'logic_test'
evaluates to FALSE.
Important Characteristics of IF Function in Excel
- To use the IF function, you need to provide the
'logic_test'
or conditional statement mandatorily. - The arguments
'value_if_true'
and'value_if_false'
are optional, but you need to provide at least one of them. - The result of the IF statement can only be any one of the two given values (either it will be
'value_if_true'
or'value_if_false'
). Both values cannot be returned at the same time. - IF function throws a ‘#Name?’ error if the
'logic_test'
or boolean expression you are trying to evaluate is invalid. - Nesting of IF statements is possible, but Excel only allows this to 64 levels. Nesting of IF statement means using one if statement within another.
Comparison Operators That Can Be Used With IF Statements
Following comparison operators can be used within the 'logic_test'
argument of the IF function:
- = (equal to)
- <> (not equal to)
- < (less than)
- > (greater than)
- >= (greater than or equal to)
- <= (less than or equal to)
- Apart from these, you can also use any other function that returns a boolean result (either ‘true’ or ‘false’). For example – ISBLANK, ISERROR, ISEVEN, ISODD, etc
Now, let’s see some simple examples to use these comparison operators within the IF Function:
Simple Examples of Excel IF Statement
Now, let’s try to see a simple example of the Excel IF function:
Example 1: Using ‘equal to’ comparison operator within the IF function
In this example, we have a list of colors, and we aim to find the ‘Blue’ color. If we are able to find the ‘Blue’ color, then in the adjacent cell, we need to assign a ‘Yes’; otherwise, assign a ‘No’.
So, the formula would be:
=IF(A2="Blue", "No", "Yes")
This suggests that if the value present in cell A2 is ‘Blue’, then return a ‘Yes’; otherwise, return a ‘No’.
If we drag this formula down to all the rows, we will find that it returns ‘Yes’ for the cells with the value ‘Blue’ for all others; it would result in ‘No’.
Example 2: Using ‘not equal to’ comparison operator within the IF function.
Let’s take example 1, and understand how we can reverse the logic and use a ‘not equal to’ operator to construct the formula so that it still results in ‘Yes’ for ‘Blue’ color and ‘No’ for any other text.
So the formula would be:
=IF(A2<>"Blue", "No", "Yes")
This suggests that if the value at A2 is not equal to ‘Blue’, then return a ‘No’; otherwise, return a ‘Yes’.
When dragged down to all the below rows, this formula would find all the cells (from A2 to A8) where the value is not ‘Blue’ and marks a ‘No’ against them. Otherwise, it marks a ‘Yes’ in the adjacent cells.
Example 3: Using ‘less than’ operator within the IF function.
In this example, we have scores of some students, along with their names. We want to assign either «Pass» or «Fail» against each student in the result column.
Based on our criteria, the passing score is 50 or more.
For this, we can use the IF function as:
=IF(B2<50,"Fail","Pass")
This suggests that if the value at B2, i.e., 37, is less than 50, then return «Fail»; otherwise, return «Pass».
As 37 is less than 50 so the result will be «Fail».
We can drag the above-given formula for the rest of the cells below and the result would be correct.
Example 4: Using ‘greater than or equal to’ operator within the IF statement.
Let’s take example 3 and see how we can reverse the logic and use a ‘greater than or equal to’ operator to construct the formula so that it still results in ‘Pass’ for scores of 50 or more and ‘Fail’ for all the other scores.
For this, we can use the Excel IF function as:
=IF(B2>=50,"Pass","Fail")
This suggests that if the value at B2, i.e., 37 is greater than or equal to 50, then return «Pass»; otherwise, return «Fail».
As 37 not greater than or equal to 50 so the result will be «Fail».
When dragged down for the rest of the cells below, this formula would assign the correct result in the adjacent rows.
Example 5: Using ‘greater than’ operator within the IF statement.
In this example, we have a small online store that gives a discount to its customers based on the amount they spend. If a customer spends $50 or more, he is applicable for a 5% discount; otherwise, no discounts are offered.
To find whether a discount is offered or not, we can use the following excel formula:
=IF(B2>50,"5% Discount","No Discount")
This translates to – If the value at B2 cell is greater than 50, assign a text «5% Discount» otherwise, assign a text «No Discount» against the customer.
In the first case, as 23 is not greater than 50, the output will be «No Discount».
We can drag the above-given formula for the rest of the cells below are the result would be correct.
Example 6: Using ‘less than or equal to’ operator within the IF statement.
Let’s take example 5 and see how we can reverse the logic and use a ‘less than or equal to’ operator to construct the formula so that it still results in a ‘5% Discount’ for all customers whose total spend exceeds $50 and ‘No Discount’ for all the other customers.
For this, we can use the IF-then statement as:
=IF(B2<=50,"No Discount","5% Discount")
This means that if the value at B2, i.e., 23, is less than or equal to 50, then return «No Discount»; otherwise, return «5% Discount».
As 23 is less than or equal to 50 so the result will be «No Discount».
When dragged down for the rest of the cells below, this formula would assign the correct result in the adjacent rows.
Example 7: Using an Excel Logical Function within the IF formula in Excel.
In this example, let’s suppose we have a list of numbers, and we have to mark Even and Odd numbers. We can do this using the IF condition and the ISEVEN or ISODD inbuilt functions provided by Microsoft Excel.
ISEVEN function returns ‘true’ if the number passed to it is even; otherwise, it returns a ‘false’. Similarly, ISODD function return ‘true’ if the number passed to it is odd; otherwise, it returns a ‘false’.
For this, we can use the IF-then statement as:
=IF(ISEVEN(A2),"Even","Odd")
This means that – If the value at A2 cell is an even number, then the result would be «Even»; otherwise, the result would be «Odd».
Alternatively, the above logic can also be written using the ISODD function along with the IF statement as:
=IF(ISODD(A2),"Odd","Even")
This means that – If the value at A2 cell is an odd number, then the result would be «Odd»; otherwise, the result would be «Even».
Example 8: Using the Excel IF function to return another formula a result.
In this example, we have Employee Data from a company. The company comes up with a simple way to reward its loyal employees. They decide to give the employees an annual bonus based on the years spent by the employee within the organization.
Employees with experience of more than 5 years are given 10% of annual salary as a bonus whereas everyone else gets a 5% of annual salary as a bonus.
For this, the excel formula would be:
=IF(B2>5,C2*10%,C2*5%)
This means that – if the value at B2 (experience column) is greater than 5, then return a result by calculating 10% of C2 (annual salary column). However, if the logic test is evaluated to false, then return the result by calculating 5% of C2 (annual salary column)
Use Of AND & OR Functions or Logical Operators with Excel IF Statement
Excel IF Statement can also be used along with the other functions like AND, OR, NOT for analyzing complex logic. These functions (AND, OR & NOT) are called logical operators as they are used for connecting two or more logical expressions.
AND Function– AND function returns true when all the conditions inside the AND function evaluate to true. The syntax of AND Function in Excel is:
=AND(Logic1, Logic2, logic_n)
OR Function– OR function returns true when any one of the conditions inside the OR function evaluates to true. The syntax of OR Function in Excel is:
=OR(Logic1, Logic2, logic_n)
Example 9: Using the IF function along with AND Function.
In this example, we have Math and science test scores of some students, and we want to assign a ‘Pass’ or ‘Fail’ value against the students based on their scores.
Passing criteria: Students have to get more than 50 marks in Math and more than 70 marks in science to pass the test.
Based on the above conditions, the formula would be:
=IF(AND(B2>50,C2>70),"Pass","Fail")
The formula translates to – if the value at B2 (Math score) is greater than 50 and the value at C2 (Science Score) is greater than 70, then assign the value «Pass»; otherwise, assign the value «Fail».
Example 10: Using the IF function along with OR Function.
In this example, we have two test scores of some students, and we want to assign a ‘Pass’ or ‘Fail’ value against the students based on their scores.
Passing criteria: Students have to clear either one of the two tests with more than 50 marks.
Based on the above conditions, the formula would be:
=IF(OR(B2>50,C2>50),"Pass","Fail")
The formula translates to – if either the value at B2 (Test 1 score) is greater than 50, OR the value at C2 (Test 2 Score) is greater than 50, then assign the value «Pass»; otherwise, assign the value «Fail».
Recommended Reading: Excel NOT Function
Nested IF Statements
When used alone, IF formula can only result in two outcomes, i.e., True or False. But there are many cases when we want to test multiple outcomes with IF statement.
In such cases, nesting two or more IF Then statements one inside another can be convenient in writing formulas.
Syntax:
The syntax of the Nested IF Then statements is as follows:
=IF(condition_1,value_if_true_1,IF(condition_2,value_if_true_2,value_if_false_2))
'condition_1'
– Refers to the first logical test or conditional expression that needs to be evaluated by the outer IF function.'value_if_true_1'
– Refers to the value that will be returned by the outer IF function if the 'condition_1'
evaluates to TRUE.'condition_2'
– Refers to the second logical test or conditional expression that needs to be evaluated by the inner IF function.'value_if_true_2'
– Refers to the value that will be returned by the inner IF function if the 'condition_2'
evaluates to TRUE.'value_if_false_2'
– Refers to the value that will be returned by the inner IF function if the 'condition_2'
evaluates to FALSE.
The above syntax translates to this:
IF Condition1 = true THEN value_if_true1 'If Condition1 is true
ELSE IF Condition2 = true THEN value_if_true2 'Elseif Clause Condition2 is true
ELSE value_if_false2 'If both conditions are false
END IF 'End of IF Statement
As we can see, Nested formulas can quickly become complicated so, let’s try to understand how nesting of the IF statement works with an example.
Recommended Reading: VBA Select Case Statement
Example 11: Nested IF Statements
In this example, we have a list of countries and their average temperatures in degree Celsius for the month of January. Our goal is to categorize the country based on the temperature range as follows:
Criteria: Temperatures below 20 °C should be marked as «Below Room Temperature», temperatures between 20°C to 25°C should be classified as «Normal Room Temperature», whereas any temperature over 25°C should be marked as «Above Room Temperature».
Based on the above conditions, the formula would be:
=IF(B2<20,"Below Room Temperature",IF(AND(B2>=20,B2<=25),"Normal Room Temperature", "Above Room Temperature"))
The formula translates to – if the value at B2 is less than 20, then the text «Below Room Temperature» is returned from the outer IF block. However, if the value at B2 is greater than or equal to 20, then the inner IF block is evaluated.
Inside the inner IF block, the value at B2 is checked. If the value at B2 is greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 25. Then the inner IF block returns the text «Normal Room Temperature».
However, if the condition inside the inner IF block also evaluates to ‘false’ that means the value at B2 is greater than 25, so the result will be «Above Room Temperature».
Recommended Reading: SWITCH Function in Excel
Partial Matching or Wildcards with IF Function
Although IF function itself doesn’t accept any wildcard characters like (* or ?) while performing the logic test, thankfully, there are ways to perform partial matching and wildcard searches with the IF function.
To perform partial matching inside the IF function, we can use the FIND (case sensitive) or SEARCH (case insensitive) functions.
Let’s have a look at this with some examples.
Example 12: Using FIND and SEARCH functions inside the IF statement
In this example, we have a list of customers, and we need to find all the customers whose last name is «Flynn». If the customer name contains the text «Flynn», then we need to assign a text «Found» against their names. Otherwise, we need to assign a text «Not Found».
For this, we can make use of the FIND function within the IF function as:
=IF(ISNUMBER(FIND("Flynn",A2)),"Found","Not Found")
Using the FIND function, we perform a case-sensitive search of the text «Flynn» within the customer name column. If the FIND function is able to find the text «Flynn», it returns a number signifying the position where it found the text.
If the number returned by the FIND function is valid, the ISNUMBER Function returns a value true. Else, it returns false. Based on the ISNUMBER function’s output, the logic test is performed and the appropriate value «Found» or «Not Found» is assigned.
Note: It should be noted that the FIND function performs a case-sensitive search.
This means in the above example if the customer name is entered in lower case (like «sean flynn» then the above function would return not found against them.
To perform a case-insensitive search, we can replace the find function with the search function, and the rest of the formula would be the same.
=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("Flynn",A2)),"Found","Not Found")
Example 13: Using SEARCH function inside the Excel IF formula with wildcard operators
In this example, we have the same customer list from example 12, and we need to find all the customers whose name contains «M». If the customer name contains the alphabet «M», we need to assign a text «M Found» against their names. Otherwise, we need to assign a text «M Not Found».
For this, we can use the SEARCH function with a wildcard ‘*’ operator inside the IF function as:
=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH("M*",A2)),"M Found","M Not Found")
For more details on Search Function and wildcard, operators check out this article – Search Function In Excel
Some Practical Examples of using the IF function
Now, let’s have a look at some more practical examples of the Excel IF Function.
Example 14: Using Excel IF function with dates.
In this example, we have a task list along with the task due dates. Our goal is to show results based on the task due date.
If the task due date was in the past, we need to show «Was due {1,2,3..} day(s) back», if the task due date is today’s date, we need to show «Today» and similarly, if the task due date is in the future then we need to show «Due in {1,2,3..} day(s)»
In Microsoft Excel, we can do this with the help of the IF-then statement and TODAY function, as shown below:
=IF(B2=TODAY(),"Today", IF(B2>TODAY(),CONCAT("Due in ",B2-TODAY()," day(s)"), CONCAT("Was due ",TODAY()-B2," day(s) back")))
This means that – compare the date present in cell B2 if the date is equal to today’s date show the text «Today». If the date in cell B2 is not equal to today’s date, then the inner IF block checks if the date in B2 is greater than today’s date. If the date in cell B2 is greater than today’s date, that means the date is in the future, so show the text «Due in {1,2,3…} days».
However, if the date in cell B2 is not greater than today’s date, that means the date was in the past; in such a case, show the text «Was due {1,2,3..} day(s) back».
You can also go a step further and apply conditional formatting on the range and highlight all the cells with the text «Today!». This will help you to clearly see
Example 15: Use an IF function-based formula to find blank cells in excel.
In this example, we will use the IF function to find the blank cells in Microsoft Excel. We have a list of customers, and in between the list, some of the cells are blank. We aim to find the blank cells and add the text «blank call found!» against them.
We can do this with the help of the IF function along with the ISBLANK function. The ISBLANK function returns a true if the cell reference passed to it is blank. Otherwise, the ISBLANK function returns false.
Let’s see the formula –
=IF(ISBLANK(A2), "Blank cell found!"," ")
This means that – If the cell at A2 is blank, then the resultant text should be «Blank cell found!», however, if the cell at A2 is not blank, then don’t show any text.
Example 16: Use the Excel IF statement to show symbolic results (instead of textual results).
In this example, we have a list of sales employees of a company along with the number of products sold by the employees in the current month. We want to show an upward arrow symbol (↑) if the employee has done more than 50 sales and a downward arrow symbol (↓) if the employee has made less than 50 sales.
To do this, we can use the formula:
=IF(B2>50,$G$6,$G$8)
This implies – If the value at B2 is greater than 50, then, as a result, show the content in cell G6 (cell containing upward arrow) and otherwise show the content at G8 (cell containing downward arrow)
If you wonder about the ‘$’ signs used in the formula, you can check out this post – Excel Absolute References. These ‘$’ symbols are used for making excel cell references absolute.
Recommended Reading: CHOOSE Function in Excel
IFS Function In Excel:
IFS Function in Microsoft Excel is a great alternative to nested IF Statements. It is very similar to a switch statement. The IFS function evaluates multiple conditions passed to it and returns the value corresponding to the first condition that evaluates to true.
IFS function is a lot simple to write and read than nested IF statements. IFS function is available in Office 2019 and higher versions.
Syntax for IFS function:
=IFS (test1, value1, [test2, value2], ...)
'test1'
(required argument) – Refers to the first logical test that needs to be evaluated.
'value1'
(required argument) – Refers to the result to be returned when 'test1'
evaluates to TRUE.
'test2'
(optional argument) – Refers to the second logical test that needs to be evaluated
'value2'
(optional argument) – Refers to the result to be returned when 'test2'
evaluates to TRUE.
Example 17: Using IFS function in Excel
In this example, we have a list of students, along with their scores, and we need to assign a grade to the students based on the scores.
The grading criteria is as follows – Grade A for a score of 90 or more, Grade B for a score between 80 to 89.99, Grade C for a score between 70 to 79.99, Grade D for a score between 60 to 69.99, Grade E for a score between 60 to 59.99, Grade F for a score lower than 50.
Let’s see how easily write such a complicated formula with the IFS function:
=IFS(B2 >= 90,"A",B2 >= 80,"B",B2 >= 70,"C",B2 >= 60,"D",B2 >= 50,"E",B2 < 50,"F")
This implies that – If B2 is greater than or equal to 90, return A. Else if B2 is greater than or equal to 80, return B. Else if B2 is greater than or equal to 70, return C. Else if B2 is greater than or equal to 60, return D. Else if B2 is greater than or equal to 50, return E. Else if B2 is less than 50, return F.
If you would try to write the same formula using nested IF statements, see how long and complicated it becomes:
=IF(B2 >= 90,"A",IF(B2 >= 80, "B",IF(B2 >= 70, "C",IF(B2 >= 60, "D",IF(B2 >= 50, "E",IF(B2 < 50, "F"))))))
So, this was all about the IF function in excel. If you want to learn more about IF function, I would recommend you to go through this article – VBA IF Statement With Examples