If and or function in excel with example

Logical functions are designed to test one or several conditions, and perform the actions prescribed for each of the two possible results. Such results can only be logical TRUE or FALSE.

Excel contains several logical functions such as IF, IFERROR, SUMIF, AND, OR, and others. The last two are not used in practice, as a rule, because the result of their calculations may be one of only two possible options (TRUE, FALSE). When combined with the IF function, they are able to significantly expand its functionality.



Examples of using formulas with IF, AND, OR functions in Excel

Example 1. When calculating the cost of the amount of consumed kW of electricity for subscribers, the following conditions are taken into account:

1. If less than 3 people live in the apartment or less than 100 kW of electricity was consumed per month, the rate per 1 kW is 4.35$.
2. In other cases, the rate for 1 kW is 5.25$.

Calculate the amount payable per month for several subscribers.

View source data table:

Perform the calculation according to the formula:

Argument Description:

• OR (B3<=2,C3<100) is a logical expression that verifies two conditions: do less than 3 people live in the apartment or does the total amount of energy consumed less than 100 kW? The result of the test will be TRUE if either of these two conditions is true;
• C3 * 4.35 — the amount to be paid, if the OR function returns TRUE;
• C3 * 5.25 is the amount to be paid if OR returns FALSE.

We stretch the formula for the remaining cells using the autocomplete function. The result of the calculation for each subscriber:

Using the AND function in the formula in the first argument in the IF function, we check the conformity of the values by two conditions at once.



Formula with IF and AVERAGE functions for selecting of values by conditions

Example 2. Applicants entering the university for the specialty «mechanical engineer» are required to pass 3 exams in mathematics, physics and English. The maximum score for each exam is 100. The average passing score for 3 exams is 75, while the minimum score in physics must be at least 70 points, and in mathematics it is 80. Determine applicants who have successfully passed the exams.

View source table:

To determine the enrolled students use the formula:

Argument Description:

• AND(B4>=80,C4>=70,AVERAGE(B4:D4)>=75) — checked logical expressions according to the condition of the problem;
• «Enroll» — the result, if the function AND returned the value TRUE (all expressions represented as its arguments, as a result of the calculations returned the value TRUE);
• «Not Enroll» — the result if AND returned FALSE.

Using the autocomplete function (double-click on the cursor marker in the lower right corner), we get the rest of the results:

Formula with logical functions AND IF OR in excel

Example 3. Subsidies in the amount of 30% are charged to families with an average income below 8,000$, which are large or there is no main breadwinner. If the number of children is over 5, the amount of the subsidy is 50%. Determine who should receive subsidies and who should not.

View source table:

To check the criteria according to the condition of the problem, we write the formula:

Argument Description:

• AND(B3<8000,OR(C3=TRUE,E3=FALSE)) is the checked expression according to the condition of the problem. In this case, the AND function returns the TRUE value, if B3 <8000 is true and at least one of the expressions passed as arguments to the OR function also returns the TRUE value.
• The nested IF function performs a check on the number of children in the family, which rely on subsidies.
• If the main condition returned the result is FALSE, the main function IF returns the text string “no”.

Perform the calculation for the first family and stretch the formula to the remaining cells using the autocomplete function. Results:

Features of using logical functions IF, AND, OR in Excel

The IF function has the following syntax notation:

=IF(Logical_test,[ Value_if_True ],[ Value_if_False])

As you can see, by default, you can check only one condition, for example, is e3 more than 20? Using the IF function, this check can be done as follows:

=IF(EXP(3)>20,»more»,»less»)

As a result, the text string “more” will be returned. If we need to find out if any value belongs to the specified interval, we will need to compare this value with the upper and lower limits of the intervals, respectively. For example, is the result of calculating e3 in the range from 20 to 25? When using the IF function alone, you must enter the following entry:

=IF(EXP(3)>20,IF(EXP(3)<25,»belongs»,»does not belong»),»does not belong»)

We have a nested function IF as one of the possible results of the implementation of the main function IF, and therefore the syntax looks somewhat cumbersome. If you also need to know, for example, whether the square root e3 is equal to a numeric value from a fractional number range from 4 to 5, the final formula will look cumbersome and unreadable.

It is much easier to use as a condition a complex expression that can be written using AND and OR functions. For example, the above function can be rewritten as follows:

=IF(AND(EXP(3)>20,EXP(3)<25),»belongs»,»does not belong»)

The result of the execution of the AND expression (EXP(3)>20,EXP(3)<25) can be a logical value TRUE only if the result of checking each of the specified conditions is a logical value TRUE. In other words, the function AND allows you to test one, two or more hypotheses on their truth, and returns the result FALSE if at least one of them is incorrect.

Sometimes you want to know if at least one assumption is true. In this case, it is convenient to use the OR function, which performs the check of one or several logical expressions and returns a logical TRUE, if the result of the calculations of at least one of them is a logical TRUE. For example, you want to know if e3 is an integer or a number that is less than 100? To test this condition, you can use the following formula:

=IF(OR(MOD(EXP(3),1)<>0,EXP(3)<100),»true»,»false»)

The “<>” means inequality, that is, more or less than some value. In this case, both expressions return the value TRUE, and the result of the execution of the IF function is the text string «true.» However, if an OR test was performed (MOD(EXP (3),1)<>0,EXP(3)<20, while EXP(3) <20 will return FALSE, the result of the calculation of the IF function will not change, since MOD(EXP(3),1) <> 0 returns TRUE.

Download examples using the functions OR AND IF in Excel

In practice, often used bundles IF + AND, IF + OR, or all three functions at once. Consider examples of similar use of these functions.

Things will not always be the way we want them to be. The unexpected can happen. For example, let’s say you have to divide numbers. Trying to divide any number by zero (0) gives an error. Logical functions come in handy such cases. In this tutorial, we are going to cover the following topics.

In this tutorial, we are going to cover the following topics.

• What is a Logical Function?
• IF function example
• Excel Logic functions explained
• Nested IF functions

What is a Logical Function?

It is a feature that allows us to introduce decision-making when executing formulas and functions. Functions are used to;

• Check if a condition is true or false
• Combine multiple conditions together

What is a condition and why does it matter?

A condition is an expression that either evaluates to true or false. The expression could be a function that determines if the value entered in a cell is of numeric or text data type, if a value is greater than, equal to or less than a specified value, etc.

IF Function example

We will work with the home supplies budget from this tutorial. We will use the IF function to determine if an item is expensive or not. We will assume that items with a value greater than 6,000 are expensive. Those that are less than 6,000 are less expensive. The following image shows us the dataset that we will work with.

• Put the cursor focus in cell F4
• Enter the following formula that uses the IF function

=IF(E4<6000,”Yes”,”No”)

HERE,

• “=IF(…)” calls the IF functions
• “E4<6000” is the condition that the IF function evaluates. It checks the value of cell address E4 (subtotal) is less than 6,000
• “Yes” this is the value that the function will display if the value of E4 is less than 6,000

• “No” this is the value that the function will display if the value of E4 is greater than 6,000

When you are done press the enter key

You will get the following results

Excel Logic functions explained

The following table shows all of the logical functions in Excel

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE
01	AND	Logical	Checks multiple conditions and returns true if they all the conditions evaluate to true.	=AND(1 > 0,ISNUMBER(1)) The above function returns TRUE because both Condition is True.
02	FALSE	Logical	Returns the logical value FALSE. It is used to compare the results of a condition or function that either returns true or false	FALSE()
03	IF	Logical	Verifies whether a condition is met or not. If the condition is met, it returns true. If the condition is not met, it returns false. =IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])	=IF(ISNUMBER(22),”Yes”, “No”) 22 is Number so that it return Yes.
04	IFERROR	Logical	Returns the expression value if no error occurs. If an error occurs, it returns the error value	=IFERROR(5/0,”Divide by zero error”)
05	IFNA	Logical	Returns value if #N/A error does not occur. If #N/A error occurs, it returns NA value. #N/A error means a value if not available to a formula or function.	=IFNA(D6*E6,0) N.B the above formula returns zero if both or either D6 or E6 is/are empty
06	NOT	Logical	Returns true if the condition is false and returns false if condition is true	=NOT(ISTEXT(0)) N.B. the above function returns true. This is because ISTEXT(0) returns false and NOT function converts false to TRUE
07	OR	Logical	Used when evaluating multiple conditions. Returns true if any or all of the conditions are true. Returns false if all of the conditions are false	=OR(D8=”admin”,E8=”cashier”) N.B. the above function returns true if either or both D8 and E8 admin or cashier
08	TRUE	Logical	Returns the logical value TRUE. It is used to compare the results of a condition or function that either returns true or false	TRUE()

A nested IF function is an IF function within another IF function. Nested if statements come in handy when we have to work with more than two conditions. Let’s say we want to develop a simple program that checks the day of the week. If the day is Saturday we want to display “party well”, if it’s Sunday we want to display “time to rest”, and if it’s any day from Monday to Friday we want to display, remember to complete your to do list.

A nested if function can help us to implement the above example. The following flowchart shows how the nested IF function will be implemented.

The formula for the above flowchart is as follows

=IF(B1=”Sunday”,”time to rest”,IF(B1=”Saturday”,”party well”,”to do list”))

HERE,

• “=IF(….)” is the main if function
• “=IF(…,IF(….))” the second IF function is the nested one. It provides further evaluation if the main IF function returned false.

Practical example

Create a new workbook and enter the data as shown below

• Enter the following formula

=IF(B1=”Sunday”,”time to rest”,IF(B1=”Saturday”,”party well”,”to do list”))

• Enter Saturday in cell address B1
• You will get the following results

Download the Excel file used in Tutorial

Summary

Logical functions are used to introduce decision-making when evaluating formulas and functions in Excel.

To write an IF, AND, OR array formula in Excel 365, we must use the arithmetic operators * (multiplication) and + (addition). Why it’s so?

If we take the logical AND, OR with the IF in Excel 365 to spill the result, we won’t get our expected result.

I mean, such a formula won’t support a range/array in evaluation. Even if it supports, it won’t return an array result.

So we will replace the AND logical operator with the * (multiplication) and OR with the + (addition) arithmetic operators.

Coding the formula with the said two operators is very simple and easily readable.

I think I can convince you the same with the examples below.

Example to IF, AND, OR in Excel 365 (Non-Array Formula)

Imagine a user played a game three times, and we have recorded his scores out of 100 in cells A2, B2, and C2.

We want to perform the following three logical tests on the scores individually.

1. If all scores are >=80, return OK.
2. If any of the two scores are >=80, return OK.
3. Finally, if any of the scores is >=80, return OK.

Logical Tests Using IF, AND, OR Functions

In Excel, we can perform the above three logical tests as follows.

1. E2 (If all scores are >=80, return OK)

=IF(AND(A2>=80,B2>=80,C2>=80),"OK","NOT OK")

I have used the AND function with IF in the above Excel formula to test if all the three logical tests return TRUE.

2. F2 (If any of the two scores are >=80, return OK)

We must use the following logic (two parts) to test if any two logical tests return TRUE.

AND Part:-

a) Value 1>=80 and value 2>=80.

b) Value 1>=80 and value 3>=80.

c) Value 2>=80 and value 3>=80.

OR Part:-

a) The OR evaluates to TRUE if any two of the above three AND tests return TRUE.

So the formula will be as follows.

=IF(OR(AND(A2>=80,B2>=80),AND(A2>=80,C2>=80),AND(B2>=80,C2>=80)),"OK","NOT OK")

It is an example of the IF, AND, OR logical test in Excel.

3. G2 (if any of the scores is >=80, return OK)

=IF(OR(A2>=80,B2>=80,C2>=80),"OK","NOT OK")

Here I have used the OR function with IF to test if any of the three logical tests return TRUE.

As I have already mentioned, we can’t write an IF, AND, OR array formula as above in Excel 365.

Logical Tests Using IF, *, + Formula

Let’s substitute the above three formulas by replacing AND, OR with multiplication and addition.

But that’s not enough. Then?

The below formulas are self-explanatory.

1. E2 Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)*(B2:B8>=80)*(C2:C8>=80),"OK","NOT OK")

How the multiplication replaces the logical function OR above?

Each test in the formula returns either TRUE or FALSE. If all the criteria are met, it will be =IF((TRUE*TRUE*TRUE),"OK","NOT OK").

We can even replace the multiplication operator here with addition.

=IF((A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>2,"OK","NOT OK")

Please remember that the value of TRUE is 1, and FALSE is 0.

2. F2 Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>1,"OK","NOT OK")

3. G2 Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>0,"OK","NOT OK")

Above I have tried to simplify the use of the logical operators within the IF function.

Now let’s open an Excel Spreadsheet and enter the scores of multiple players in the range A2:C8 as below.

So the values to evaluate are in cell range A2:C8.

I have inserted the following three IF, AND, OR array formulas in cells E2, F2, and G2, respectively.

1. E2 Array Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)*(B2:B8>=80)*(C2:C8>=80),"OK","NOT OK")

2. F2 Array Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>1,"OK","NOT OK")

3. G2 Array Formula

=IF((A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>0,"OK","NOT OK")

If any of the above formulas return #SPILL!, please empty the cells down in that column.

Nested IF, AND, OR Combination in Excel 365

I want to assign grades based on the scores above.

In that case, we may require to write a nested IF, AND, OR combination array formula in Excel 365.

Here is how.

In the above example, we have used three formulas for the below three logical tests.

• If all scores are >=80, return OK.
• If any of the two scores are >=80, return OK.
• Finally, if any of the scores is >=80, return OK.

There each test returns OK or NOT OK.

Instead of that, here, I want the tests to return GR-1, GR-2, and GR-3.

• If all scores are >=80, return GR-1.
• If any of the two scores are >=80, return GR-2.
• Finally, if any of the scores is >=80, return GR-3.

For that, we should combine the above three IF, AND, OR Array Formulas.

How?

In the E2 formula, replace “OK” with “GR-1” and “NOT OK” with the F2 formula.

In that combined (E2 and F2) formula, replace “OK” with “GR-2” and “NOT OK” with the G2 formula.

Then, in the combined E2, F2, and G2 formula, replace “OK” with “GR-3” and replace “NOT OK” with “F.”

Here it is.

=IF(
     (A2:A8>=80)*(B2:B8>=80)*(C2:C8>=80),"GR-1",
     IF(
        (A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>1,"GR-2",
        IF(
           (A2:A8>=80)+(B2:B8>=80)+(C2:C8>=80)>0,"GR-3","F"
        )
     )
)

We can call it a nested IF, AND, OR combination array formula.

Related:- How to Use the IFS Function in Excel 365.