Idioms with the word best

«Yea,» quoth Robin Hood, to whom she spake, «I will do my best for thy sake, and, if I fail, I make my vow never to finger bowstring more.»

An there lived a man that would not do his best for thee—I will say nought, only I would like to have the cracking of his knave’s pate!

Do your best, lads, and if ye win this bout ye shall be glad of it to the last days of your life.

Then they strung their bows and made themselves ready, looking over their quivers of arrows, and picking out the roundest and the best feathered.

At this a shout went up, for it was the best shooting that Hubert had yet done that day.

At this no sound of shouting was heard, for, although it was the best shooting that had been done that day, the folk of London Town did not like to see the stout Tepus overcome by a fellow from the countryside, even were he as famous as Little John.

«I make my vow, thou art one of the best archers that ever mine eyes beheld.

They shall shoot again, and still again, till either he or that knave Robin Hood cometh off the best. Go thou, Sir Hugh, and bid them shoot another round, and another, until one or the other is overcome.» Then Sir Hugh, seeing how wroth the King was, said never a word, but went straightway to do his bidding; so he came to where Robin Hood and the other stood, and told them what the King had said.

Then up spake Robin, and quoth he, «This silver bugle I keep in honor of this shooting match; but thou, Gilbert, art the best archer of all the King’s guard, and to thee I freely give this purse of gold.

«Now, I thank thee, good fellow, for thou hast done me greater service than thou knowest of this day.» Then he called his three yeomen together and told them privately that they had best be jogging, as it was like to be ill for them so nigh merry London Town.

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english idioms

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Last updated:

April 13, 2023

Have you ever heard an English phrase that didn’t make sense even though you understood all the words? It was probably an idiom: a phrase that doesn’t translate literally.

Idioms are super common, so you need to understand them to understand English.

Read on to learn 103 English idioms you can use in conversation to sound more fluent!

Contents

  • English Idioms with Common Verbs
  • English Idioms with Common Prepositions
  • English Idioms About Money
  • English Idioms with Body Parts
  • English Idioms About Food
  • English Idioms About Weather
  • English Idioms About Nature
  • How to Practice English Idioms


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English Idioms with Common Verbs

Young man reading a book between library bookshelves

1. Hit the books

Literally, hit the books means to physically hit your reading books, but this phrase is actually used to say that you’re going to study.

Sorry, but I can’t watch the game with you tonight. I have to hit the books.

2. Hit the sack

The literal meaning of this would be physically hitting or beating a sack (a large bag), but idiomatically, it means you’re going to bed. You can also say hit the hay.

It’s time for me to hit the sack. I’m so tired.

3. Twist someone’s arm

To twist someone’s arm would be rather painful if you took it literally, but it really means they’ve been convinced to do something they wouldn’t have done otherwise.

I wasn’t going to go to the party, but my friends twisted my arm and got me to go.

4. Stab someone in the back

While it still hurts, the idiomatic meaning of this phrase is not nearly as painful as literally being stabbed. What this actually means is to hurt someone who trusted you by betraying them. 

I can’t believe she would cheat and stab me in the back like this! I really trusted her.

5. Lose your touch

No, this doesn’t mean you’ve lost your physical sense of touch. To lose your touch actually means to lose a skill you once had.

She used to be the best hairstylist in town, but she’s really losing her touch.

6. Sit tight

This does not mean you sit down and hold your body as tightly as you can. If a person tells you to sit tight, what they really want you to do is wait patiently.

Sit tight while I go see if Mr. Henkel is ready to see you.

7. Pitch in

This phrase may once have had a literal meaning to do with farm work (think pitchfork), but it isn’t used that way now. Figuratively speaking, it means to contribute (give) or to join in.

Let’s all pitch in a few dollars so we can buy Sally a really good present for her birthday.

8. Go cold turkey

To go cold turkey means to suddenly stop a (usually dangerous) behavior, such as drinking alcohol. A person who suddenly quits something addictive can suffer from pale skin and goosebumps, making them look like a cold, uncooked turkey.

I quit smoking cold turkey and never felt the need to go back.

9. Face the music

If someone tells you to face the music, they want you to deal with the reality of a situation and accept all the consequences.

You need to face the music. You failed because you didn’t study, so you need to take the class again next semester.

10. Ring a bell

When someone says something that you may have heard before, but don’t remember entirely, you can use this phrase to let them know it’s familiar but you may need a reminder.

That name rings a bell, but I can’t quite remember where I know her from.

11. Blow off steam

If you’re experiencing some strong feelings and need to calm down, you can blow off steam by doing something to get rid of the stress.

If my mom gets mad, she’ll usually go on a run to blow off some steam.

12. Cut to the chase

When somebody tells you to cut to the chase, it means that you’ve been talking too long and you need to get to the point. Be careful how you use this idiom; it could be rude or disrespectful if used with someone like a boss or teacher.

Hi, guys. We don’t have much time here, so I’m going to cut to the chase.

English Idioms with Common Prepositions

A man standing in a high place with only sky around him

Prepositions are words that indicate where one thing is in relation to another. These include the words upon and over, as you’ll see in the idioms below.

13. Up in the air

If someone tells you that things are up in the air, it means that a situation is uncertain or unsure. It’s as though a ball has been tossed upward, and no one knows exactly where it will land.

Our plans for this weekend are up in the air until Jen tells us when she gets off of work.

14. On the ball

If you’re on the ball, it means that you’re very quick to understand things or react quickly (and correctly) to a situation.

Wow, you’ve already finished your assignments? They aren’t due until next week. You’re really on the ball.

15. Get over something

Imagine something happens that upsets you, but as time goes on, you stop feeling as strongly about it. This means that you’ve gotten over it: you no longer worry about it and it no longer affects you in a negative way.

It took a while, but I finally got over breaking up with Chandler.

16. Over the hill

If you’re getting older (especially over 50) and can’t be as physically or socially active as you used to be, you might say you’re over the hill. Be careful with this idiom, though, since it’s rude to say it about someone else.

I had to slow down after my knee surgery, but I don’t think I’m over the hill just yet.

17. Through thick and thin

When you’re loyal to someone, you support them no matter what happens, good or bad. This is an idiom you can use to say so.

Roger and Sally made it to their 50th anniversary because they stood by each other through thick and thin.

18. Off the chain

If you watch “America’s Got Talent,” you may have heard host Mel B exclaim that an act was off the chain! That means it was especially exciting or impressive—usually in a good way, though the expression can also mean “out of control.”

The Spice Girls concert was off the chain!

English Idioms About Money

Close-up of a wallet with hundred-dollar bills being pulled out

19. Look like a million bucks

Bucks here is a slang term for “dollars.” If someone tells you that you look like a million bucks, it means you look absolutely fabulous!

Wow, Mary, you look like a million bucks. I love your dress!

20. Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth

This refers to someone who comes from a wealthy and successful family.

John was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, so he doesn’t know what it’s like to work hard.

21. To go from rags to riches

“Rags” here refers to old, tattered clothes. This means you’ve gone from being poor to having a lot of money.

Jim Carrey went from rags to riches. He was once living in a van, but eventually became one of the highest-paid comedians in the world.

22. Pay an arm and a leg for something

Use this one when you have to pay a lot of money for something. You can also say that something “costs an arm and a leg.”

Nowadays, you have to pay an arm and a leg just for a tank of gas.

23. To have sticky fingers

If you have sticky fingers, you probably steal a lot. This whimsical idiom suggests that other people’s valuables stick to you when you touch them.

The manager fired the cashier because he had sticky fingers. He stole more than $200 in a month.

24. To give someone a run for their money

If you are competing with someone and you feel like you really had to work hard to outdo them, you can say they gave you a run for your money:

Joe really gave me a run for my money in the chess tournament. He almost beat me!

25. To pony up

This means you need to pay for something or settle a debt.

Pony up and give me the $5 you owe me.

26. To ante up

Ante up comes from the game of poker, where players bet their money before the cards are dealt. Over time, the idiom has come to refer to any type of payment someone owes—not just in poker.

You’d better ante up and give me that $10 I loaned you last week.

27. To up the ante

A similar idiom to ante up is up the ante, which means “raise the stakes.” When people up the ante, they bet more money than the person before them. This is used similarly in everyday conversation, when someone raises a bet or agrees to do more.

I wanted to place a $10 bet on the soccer match, but Daniel upped the ante and raised the bet to $50.

28. Break even

This is the term you use when you’ve spent a certain amount of money, then earned roughly the same amount to balance it out.

The trip to the beach cost me $100, but I almost broke even after winning $90 in a contest.

29. Break the bank

This refers to something that is overly expensive—something that requires more money than you have.

Taking a week-long vacation would break the bank. There’s no way I could afford to do it.

30. To be close-fisted

To be close-fisted (or closefisted) is to be reluctant to spend any money, almost like you’re physically gripping it in your fist. Other words for this could be stingy or cheap.

Carl is so close-fisted, he won’t even buy snacks for the Christmas party.

31. To go Dutch

This is used when everyone pays for their own meal at a restaurant. (Note that this may be perceived as offensive to or by Dutch people.)

Usually we go Dutch when we eat out, but this time I paid for her food since it was her birthday.

32. Shell out money

This means you hand out money to pay for something. It uses “shell” in the sense of shelling peas from a pod.

I wish I hadn’t gotten that new car now that I’m shelling out $1,000 a month in payments.

33. Midas touch

This idiom comes from the story of King Midas, who turned everything he touched into gold. It’s used to say that someone is very successful in their business ventures and has an easy time making money.

Jane really has the Midas touch. Every business she starts becomes very successful.

34. Receive a kickback

If you receive a kickback, it means you are receiving money illegally, like a bribe.

The police chief was arrested after it was revealed that he was receiving kickbacks to ignore certain crimes.

35. Living hand to mouth

This means you’re barely earning enough to survive: any money that comes into your hand is immediately spent on food to put in your mouth.

The family has been living hand to mouth ever since their father lost his job.

36. To be loaded

If someone is loaded, it means they have a lot of money.

Billy paid his Harvard Law School tuition with cash. His family is loaded.

37. Make ends meet

This refers to making enough money to cover the necessities, like buying food and paying the bills.

I don’t make much from my job as a cashier, but I’m able to make ends meet.

38. As genuine as a three-dollar bill

This is an American idiom that is used to say something is fake. The U.S. never made three-dollar bills, so there’s no such thing as a genuine three-dollar bill.

Those supposed designer bags they sell on the street are as genuine as a three-dollar bill.

39. In the red

In a traditional ledger book, debits (losses) are noted in red ink. To be in the red is to lose more money than you make.

I’m in the red this month after paying that speeding ticket.

40. In the black

The opposite of being in the red is being in the black, which means that you’ve made more money than you spent.

After working a couple of small jobs over the weekend, I earned an extra $500 and am back in the black.

English Idioms with Body Parts

Portrait of a child with red hair and blue eyes, resting chin on hands

41. Eyeball it

Sometimes you don’t need an exact measurement: a rough estimate is good enough. When you estimate an amount of something based on how it looks, you can say you’re eyeballing it.

I’ve made this recipe often, so I didn’t bother to measure out a cup of rice; I just eyeballed it.

42. Rule of thumb

If you hear someone say as a rule of thumb, they mean that it’s a general, unwritten rule learned from experience, as opposed to exact guidelines.

As a rule of thumb, you should always pay for your date’s dinner.

43. Keep your chin up

If you’re having a hard time, a supportive friend might tell you to keep your chin up. This means they are encouraging you to stay positive and not let difficult circumstances get you down.

I know it’s hard having a sick family member, but keep your chin up.

44. Find your feet

If you find yourself in a new situation, like living in a new country and having to get used to a new college, you could say you need to find your feet. It means that you’re still adjusting and getting used to the new environment.

I only moved to France two months ago, so I’m still finding my feet.

45. Play it by ear

If someone says they’re playing it by ear, it means they’re responding to circumstances as they develop without having a plan, like a musician jamming without a musical score.

Don’t ask me where I see myself in five years. I’m playing life by ear.

46. Knuckle down

To knuckle down is to work hard or seriously at a task. If you tend to procrastinate, then you know when it’s time to do this.

My essay is due tomorrow morning! I have to knuckle down and get it done tonight.

English Idioms About Food

A pot of stew with bread and chili peppers on a serving board

47. Spice things up

To spice things up means to make them more interesting or exciting.

Instead of just buying Sam a birthday gift, let’s spice things up by taking him out for dinner.

48. A piece of cake

piece of cake refers to a task or job that’s easy to do, like eating a delicious piece of cake! If you don’t prefer cake, you can also say it’s easy as pie.

I expected the English test to be difficult, but it was a piece of cake.

49. Cool as a cucumber

Cucumbers have a refreshing taste and leave you with a cool, calm feeling. If you’re cool as a cucumber, you’re someone who’s very calm and relaxed.

My friend is nervous about taking his driving test, but I’m cool as a cucumber.

50. A couch potato

couch potato refers to someone who spends a lot of time sitting on the couch, watching TV.

After my uncle retired from his job, he became a couch potato.

51. Bring home the bacon

To bring home the bacon means to make an income or earn a living to support your family.

Ever since her father was injured, she’s been working two jobs to bring home the bacon.

52. In hot water

When someone is in hot water, they’re in a bad situation or serious trouble.

Kevin is in hot water after committing tax fraud.

53. Compare apples and oranges

Apples are very different from oranges in both appearance and taste. This idiom is used to suggest that such different things are best considered for their own merits.

I’m not sure which I enjoy more—pottery or dancing. It’s like comparing apples and oranges.

54. Not one’s cup of tea

If something is not your cup of tea, it’s an activity you have no interest in, don’t do very well or don’t enjoy.

Camping is really not my cup of tea, so I’m going to visit my friend in New York instead.

55. Eat like a bird

How much does a bird eat? Not very much, right? To eat like a bird is to eat very little.

Don’t trouble yourself cooking such a big meal. I eat like a bird.

56. Eat like a horse

Now, a horse is much bigger than a bird. You’d be right to guess that to eat like a horse is to eat a lot.

My mother has to cook a lot of food when my brother comes to visit. He eats like a horse.

57. Butter someone up

To butter someone up is to flatter someone in order to win their favor. 

I’m going to butter up my mom so she lets me hang out with my friends later.

58. Food for thought

Food for thought refers to something that’s worth thinking carefully about.

Your proposal gave us a lot of food for thought. We’ll get back to you with a decision in a few days.

59. A smart cookie

Here’s an easy one. A smart cookie is an intelligent person.

It shouldn’t be hard too hard for a smart cookie like you to learn Spanish.

60. Packed like sardines

Packed like sardines describes a place or situation that’s very crowded, such as a concert hall or sports event.

Were you at the football game last night? We were packed like sardines in the stadium.

61. Spill the beans

To spill the beans is to accidentally or prematurely give out information that’s supposed to be kept secret.

Owen spilled the beans to Joyce about her surprise party, so she knows what’s happening.

62. A bad apple

If you have a basket of apples and one of them is rotten, the rot can spread quickly to the rest. Idiomatically, a bad apple is a person who creates problems or is a bad influence on the other people in a group.

John’s the bad apple: he gets his friends to do dangerous and illegal things.

63. Bread and butter

Bread and butter are some of the most basic food items that one can live on. The idiom bread and butter refers to a job that makes the money you need to live and afford basic necessities like food, housing, etc.

Fishing is the bread and butter of the friendly people I met on the island last summer.

64. Buy a lemon

To buy a lemon means to buy something (usually a motor vehicle) that doesn’t work well and is therefore worthless.

The car looked so new and shiny. I had no way of knowing I was buying a lemon.

65. A hard nut to crack

Is it easy to crack open a nut? Well, a hard nut to crack refers to a person who’s difficult to get to know or get information out of. (Also appears as a tough nut to crack.)

I want to know what secret she’s hiding, but she’s a hard nut to crack.

66. Have a sweet tooth

Do you like eating cakes, candy and other sweet-tasting food? If you do, then you can say you have a sweet tooth.

I definitely have a sweet tooth: I need dessert every night.

English Idioms About Weather

Cloudy sky with double rainbow over plains at sunset

67. Under the weather

If you’re feeling under the weather, you’re not your usual self and could be feeling a little sick. 

I was feeling under the weather, so I called my work and told them I wasn’t coming in.

68. A storm is brewing

This idiom is used in anticipation of trouble. Usually it means there’s been some kind of sign that this trouble is coming.

She decided to go ahead with their wedding, even though all they’ve been doing lately is arguing. I can sense a storm is brewing.

69. Calm before the storm

The air may be still before a storm actually hits. To say there is a calm before the storm is basically saying that things may be peaceful now, but it won’t last.

They had a bit of a honeymoon phase, but that was just the calm before the storm.

70. Weather a storm

It’s not exactly enjoyable to sit through a storm, so it makes sense that this idiom refers to enduring something that is difficult.

They really had to weather the storm while they waited for more people to be hired to help.

71. When it rains, it pours

Bad luck tends to come in batches. This idiom illustrates the phenomenon with the idea that any rain will become a downpour.

First he was laid off, then his wife got into a car accident. When it rains, it pours.

72. Chasing rainbows

Have you ever tried to chase a rainbow? If you have, you know catching it is an impossible task. This is why someone pursuing a very difficult goal is said to be chasing rainbows.

He’s not very artistic, but he insists on being a professional painter. He’s always chasing rainbows.

73. Rain or shine

If you are dedicated to getting something done no matter what, you are willing to do it rain or shine. This is one of the rare idioms that’s also often used literally, for outdoor events that will take place whether it rains or not.

We’re having our soccer tournament tomorrow, rain or shine.

74. Under the sun

This idiom refers to everything on Earth and is usually used as part of a superlative.

Gili Trawangan must be one of the most beautiful islands under the sun.

75. Every cloud has a silver lining

A silver lining is the little bit of good that can be found in every situation, like sunlight peeking from behind a cloud.

Sure, you took the wrong trail, but you got to see a beautiful waterfall.Every cloud has a silver lining!

76. A rising tide lifts all boats

Boats of all sizes float at the same level: if the water rises, all the boats rise with it. Usually this idiom refers to how a stable economy often benefits everyone.

When the economy showed the first signs of recovering, everyone started investing and spending more. A rising tide lifts all boats.

English Idioms About Nature

A wave crashing on a rocky shore

77. Get into deep water

This idiom is pretty close to the literal meaning: being in deep water means you’re in a tricky situation that is hard to escape.

He got into deep water when he borrowed a lot of money from a loan shark.

78. Pour oil on troubled waters

If you pour oil into the sea, it has a calming effect on the waves. You shouldn’t do that in reality, but you can use this idiom to say that you’re trying to soothe the tension following an argument.

She hated seeing her two best friends arguing, so she got them together and poured oil on troubled waters.

79. Make waves

Much like dropping a stone into a pond to make ripples, to make waves is to cause trouble or change things in a dramatic way.

She likes to make waves with her creative marketing campaigns. They get a lot of attention from customers.

80. Go with the flow

To go with the flow is to allow things to happen and accept them as they are, like a leaf floating along on the surface of a river.

Just go with the flow and see what happens!

81. Lost at sea

Just as you’d be overwhelmed if you were stranded in the ocean, to be lost at sea is to feel unsure about what to do or that you don’t have any purpose or plan.

I feel lost at sea. I just don’t think this is the career path for me.

82. Sail close to the wind

This means to act just within the limits of what’s legally or socially acceptable. You may try to push boundaries and could sometimes cross the line.

A lot of people don’t like him because he sails too close to the wind.

83. Make a mountain out of a molehill

A molehill is very small, so if you act like it’s the size of a mountain, you are exaggerating the severity of the situation.

She shouted at him for being five minutes late. She really made a mountain out of a molehill.

84. Gain ground

If you’re gaining ground, you’re making good progress. This can mean physically crossing ground quickly, as in a race, or it can be figurative.

We’ve really gained a lot of ground in our group project, and I think we’ll finish on time.

85. Walking on air

Use this is you feel very excited or happy. “Over the moon,” “on cloud nine,” “in seventh heaven” and “in good spirits” are a few more expressions you can use to talk about happiness.

She’s been walking on air since she found out that she’s pregnant.

86. Once in a blue moon

A blue moon comes every two to three years, so saying that something happens once in a blue moon is saying that it happens very rarely.

She only comes to visit once in a blue moon.

87. Many moons ago

This is one of those English expressions that’s a little bit formal or dated. You’ll most likely hear it in stories, or when someone is trying to create a dramatic effect. It means that something happened a long time ago.

Many moons ago, we used to be two very close friends. Now we’ve gone separate ways and lost contact.

88. Castle in the sky

This one sounds a bit like something from a fairytale, which makes sense since it is a daydream or hope that’s not likely to come true. Building castles in the sky refers to fantasizing about an unrealistic future.

Seeing the world used to be a castle in the sky for most people, but globalization is helping people travel more easily.

89. Down to earth

To be down to earth is to be modest, practical, unassuming and unpretentious.

He’s my favorite professor; he’s so down to earth.

90. Salt of the earth

If you are the salt of the earth, you are a good and honest person.

My father is the salt of the earth. He works hard and always helps people who are in need.

91. The tip of the iceberg

The majority of an iceberg is below the surface of the water. If someone says something is the tip of the iceberg, it means that there’s a lot more going on than what’s immediately obvious.

Exceptionally long drought periods are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the global impact of climate change.

92. Break the ice

If you’re in a group of strangers, things can be a bit awkward, so you might need to ease the tension. This is when you’ll try to break the ice, or say something to loosen everybody up and attempt to make friends.

He made a weather joke to break the ice.

93. Bury your head in the sand

This one means that you’re trying to avoid a particular situation by pretending that it doesn’t exist. It refers to a popular myth that ostriches would stick their heads in the sand to “hide” when frightened.

Stop burying your head in the sand. You haven’t been happy with him for years, so why are you staying together?

94. Let the dust settle

This means you are allowing a situation to become calm after something exciting or unusual has happened.

You just received big news. Let the dust settle before you make any decisions.

95. Clear as mud

Mud is not a transparent substance, so this means that something is actually not clear at all. 

He’s a great scientist, but I find his explanations in class are as clear as mud.

96. As cold as stone

Stones can be very cold. If you say that someone is just as cold, you’re saying that they are unemotional or not empathetic. Cold as ice has the same meaning.

She never smiles. She seems as cold as stone.

97. Between a rock and a hard place

This means that you are faced with a choice between two equally unsatisfactory options.

I can understand why she couldn’t make up her mind about what to do. She’s really between a rock and a hard place.

98. Nip something in the bud

This is to stop a bad situation from becoming worse by taking action at an early stage of its development.

Managers should know how to nip performance issues in the bud, or they’ll only get worse.

99. To hold out an olive branch

If you’re holding out an olive branch, you’re extending a hand of friendship and offering peace to a rival.

After years of rivalry with her cousin, she decided to hold out an olive branch and invite her to lunch.

100. Beat around the bush

This means you spend a long time getting to the main point of what you’re actually trying to say.

I don’t have much time, so stop beating around the bush and tell me what actually happened.

101. Out of the woods

This means the worst part of a difficult situation is over, and the end goal is in sight.

The surgery went very well, so he’s officially out of the woods. He just needs to recover now.

102. Can’t see the forest for the trees

This means someone is unable to see the whole situation clearly because they’re looking too closely at small details.

He’s worried about the flowers, but the rest of the wedding has been beautiful. He just can’t see the forest for the trees.

103. Barking up the wrong tree

This means that efforts have been put into something that won’t produce the desired outcome. Picture a dog barking to scare a squirrel out of a tree…but the squirrel is hiding in a different tree.

If you think she’s going to lend you money, you’re barking up the wrong tree. She never lends anyone anything.

How to Practice English Idioms

To learn idioms efficiently, it’s important to be exposed to native-spoken English as much as possible, whether it’s in person or virtually. Take any chance you can to try out a new idiom in conversation.

The next time you watch an English movie or TV show, write down any strange and funny expressions you hear so you can look them up later.

You can also search the language learning program FluentU for an idiom or a phrase, and you’ll see any videos that contain it.

FluentU’s video library contains English language content made by and for English speakers. This means you can learn how to actually use idioms from authentic videos like news clips, movie trailers, commercials and more. 

english idioms

The hover-over subtitles will also let you discover even more idioms and phrases naturally. You can add new words and sayings to your custom flashcard decks and study them later with FluentU’s personalized exercises.

The more comfortable you get using English idioms, the closer you get to reaching full English fluency!

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What is an idiom? An idiom is an expression or phrase whose meaning does not relate to the literal meaning of its words. In other words “Idioms mean something different than the individual words.” Students often confuse idioms with proverbs. However, these are two different things. Proverbs are well-known for stating a piece of advice or general fact. For example, a picture is worth a thousand words is a proverb – a general truth. Let us consider the idiom ‘bite off more than you can chew‘. What you meant is that you are trying to do something that is too hard for you. Read this blog to know 100 useful and common idioms with examples and meanings.

This Blog Includes:
  1. What is an Idiom? – Idioms and Phrases
  2. Why Use Idioms in Sentences?
  3. 100 Common Idioms with Examples- Idioms and their Meaning
  4. Learn the 100 Common Idioms with their Meanings
  5. 20 Idioms with their Meanings and Sentences
  6. 30 Idioms Examples and their Meaning for Students
  7. FAQs

Idioms and their Meanings Quiz

What is an Idiom? – Idioms and Phrases

A set of words, or, to put it another way, a phrase, that has a meaning beyond the words’ literal meanings is known as an idiom. The Cambridge Dictionary defines an idiom as “a group of words in a fixed order that has a particular meaning that is different from the meanings of each word on its own,” while the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary defines an idiom as “a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.”

A set of words that have a different meaning when used collectively than when each word is used individually is referred to as an idiom, according to the Collins Dictionary. A more detailed definition may be found in the Merriam-Webster dictionary. They define an idiom as “a statement in the usage of a language that is distinctive to itself either in having a meaning that cannot be deduced from the conjoined meanings of its constituents” (e.g., up in the air for “undecided”) or in its grammatically unconventional word usage (e.g., give way).

Source: Linguamarina

Why Use Idioms in Sentences?

Only when they are utilized correctly and in the appropriate contexts can idioms be an effective language tool. The fact that one cannot just rely on the meaning of individual words to grasp what the full phrase means is the sole thing that makes studying idioms a time-consuming process.

Idioms should not be utilised in writing for academic or professional purposes. In a more lighthearted setting, idioms may add personality to your work or speaking. Idioms can also be used to convey sarcasm or puns. You need to utilise idioms carefully, just like you would with any other language feature. The only issue is that it would be meaningless or have no impact to a group of individuals who are unfamiliar with the idiom you are employing. Therefore, you should always make sure that the audience you are utilising idioms with can understand their meaning.

100 Common Idioms with Examples- Idioms and their Meaning

Have to come across commonly used idioms in English while watching American TV series or movies? English expressions, proverbs and idioms play an important role in everyday English both written and spoken. As idioms do not always make literal sense, students should be familiar with their meanings and how to use them. This may appear to be a lot of work, but idioms are fun! It is often called a manner of speaking that sounds more native, so it’s really useful to master some of these expressions.

So, here’s a list of the top 100 common idioms with their meanings and sentence examples:

Idiom Idioms Meaning
Beat around the bush To avoid talking about what’s important
Get your act together Get organized and do things effectively
Hit the sack Go to sleep
Your guess is as good as mine I do not know
Good things come to those who wait To have patience
Back against the wall Stuck in a difficult circumstance with no escape
Up in arms Being grumpy or angry about something
Scrape the barrel Making the most of the worst situations or things because you can’t do anything about it
Burn your boats/bridges Doing something that makes it impossible to go back to the original state.
Break fresh/ new ground Doing something that has never been done before
Sell like hot cakes Quick sellout
Run around in circles Putting efforts into something that is not a worthwhile result
On cloud nine Being very happy
Left out in the cold Being ignored
Blow hot and cold Alternate inconsistently between moods and actions
Cut corners Doing something in an easier and least expensive manner
Boil the ocean Taking up an almost impossible or overly ambitious project
Keep an ear to the ground Staying informed and updated about everything
Eat like a horse Eating too excessively
A snowball effect The aspect of momentum in every event and how they build upon each other

Important Tip to Learn Idioms with Examples and their meanings:
It is comparatively easier to remember words unlike idioms because idioms (phrases) contain 3 or more words. And, remembering a chain of words and then speaking them in the correct sequence is not easy. But, one thing you can do is to repeat the idiom and its meaning a few times loudly and then use it in 2 to 3 different sentences.

21. In for a penny, in for a pound

Meaning: That someone is intentionally investing his time or money for a particular project or task.
Example: When Athlead was booming, Jim was in for a penny and in for a pound, that’s how much dedicated he was. 

22. A bird in the hand is better than two in the bush

Meaning: An opportunity in hand, currently, is better than a prospect in the future, because time never repeats itself.
Example: The detective apprehended 3 criminals and saw another one running but didn’t chase him, because she knew a bird in one hand is better than two in the bush.

23. Chip off the old block

Meaning: A person is similar in behaviour or actions to his parents.
Example: When grandmother saw her grandson collecting coins like her son used to do, she knew he was a Chip off the old block.

24. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Meaning: Treat people the same way you want to be treated.
Example: I felt Peter was a little cold today towards that homeless man, he should do unto others as he would have them do unto him, because who knows about time.

25. Don’t cry over spilt milk

Meaning: Don’t cry over what has happened as it can not be fixed.
Example: Walter failed his examination but his dad came and said just one thing, “Son, Don’t cry over spilt milk.

26. Every cloud has a silver lining

Meaning: Bad things one day eventually lead to good things.
Example: See, yesterday you were so morose as your phone was stolen but look at you today, you got a promotion. Is it rightly said that every cloud has a silver lining.

27. Beside yourself with joy

Meaning: To be extremely happy.
Example: I can see that you are beside yourself with joy on being selected for the job, congratulations. 

28. Fair and square

Meaning: Being direct or fair.
Example: To tell you fair and square, I did everything that I was meant to do, but I still feel unfulfilled. 

29. Having an Ace up the sleeve

Meaning: Have an advantage that is currently being withheld for future purposes. 
Example: Brian kept quiet at the board meeting, who knew he had an Ace hidden up his sleeve the whole time.

30. A black sheep

Meaning: Being a disgrace for the family.
Example: They don’t talk about Olive anymore, turns out he was the Black sheep for the family, he married someone else while he was still arranged to his fiancé. 

31. Hook, line and sinker

Meaning: Doing something or trying to achieve something with thoroughness and passion.
Example: I have set my mind to go through the spreadsheets by Monday and I am working for it Hook, line and sinker.

32. Looking to your laurels

Meaning: Not be lost in your achievements and losing the sight of what is supposed to happen.
Example: Look to your laurels but do not rest on it. 

33. Bear a grudge

Meaning: To continue to feel angry or unfriendly for someone or something because of a particular past incident.
Example: I Bear a grudge against him for not taking me into confidence.

34. By the skin of your teeth

Meaning: To just barely get by or make it.
Example: Lester made the dance team By the skin of his teeth, you see the audition gates were about to get closed.

Ever thought what it takes to be a fluent speaker? You might have been lured into paying a hearty amount of money to build fluency in the English language. Here’s how to speak fluent English in 30 days.

35. Down for the count

Meaning: Tired; giving up.
Example: My pet dog is down for the count after playing the whole day with the frisbee.

36. Draw the line

Meaning: To stop before a point where something okay gets not okay.
Example: Hey buddy, that’s enough, Draw the line before someone comes and beats you to a pulp.

37. Easier said than done

Meaning: Not as easy as it appears to be.
Example: Listen, losing weight is easier said than done, many people lack commitment. 

38. Break a leg

Meaning: Saying good luck to someone.
Example: Hey Barry, it’s time for you to get on the stage and present your monologue, break a leg.

39. Up a creek without a paddle

Meaning: In an unlucky situation.
Example: Dan tried to dine and dash yesterday at a Chinese place but he was stopped by the waiters, guess he was up a creek without a paddle yesterday.

40. Give it a whirl

Meaning: To give something a try.
Example: I am absolutely terrified of skydiving, but I think once in my life, I will give it a whirl.

41. Fish out of water

Meaning: To be out of your comfort zone.
Example: Tom felt like a fish out of water when his girlfriend took him to a Star Wars convention in LA.

42. In the fast lane

Meaning: A life filled with excitement.
Example: When Chris turned forty, he decided to live his life in the fast lane and quit his job for his hobbies.

Meaning: To make an extra effort.
Example: He was willing to go the extra mile for the love of his life, Mia.

44. Snug as a bug in a rug

Meaning: Warm and cosy.
Meaning: The baby looks as snug as a bug in a rug next to her mother.

45. Step up your game

Meaning: To start performing better
Example: Jennifer better step up her game if she wants to make big in Basketball.

Idioms are used as a figurative language, i.e. the use of words in an imaginative and unusual manner. Take a look at more idioms with examples.

46. To not see the wood for the trees

Meaning: To be so involved in trivial matters that you don’t get the important facts.
Example: He always argues on the silliest topics, it’s like he can’t see wood for the trees.

47. Lose your marbles

Meaning: To go insane.
Example: Our mailman has lost his marbles, every day he drops Mr. Smith’s mail on our door. 

48. Straight from the Horse’s mouth

Meaning: Directly from the person involved.
Example: Listen to the news straight from the horse’s mouth, his factory burned down right in front of his eyes. 

49. Crying Wolf

Meaning: To ask for help when you don’t need it.
Example: You have cried Wolf so many times that no one believes you now.

50. Palm off

Meaning: Pass off something as genuine when it is spurious.
Example: This shopkeeper always palms off old stock to the customers.

51. Has bigger fish to fry

Meaning: Has more important work to do.
Example: Please don’t bother me today with any calls, I have bigger fish to fry.

52. Look before you leap

Meaning: Calculate the risks before advancing towards a possibility.
Example: You can’t just sell all of your shares when the market is low, look before you leap, Trump is coming tomorrow, it is possible the shares will grow.

53. On thin ice

Meaning: In a precarious or risky situation.
Example: Andy played hooky from work for a week saying he was sick, now his boss said that he is on very thin ice.

54. Play devil’s advocate

Meaning: To argue, just for the sake of it.
Example: He was not agreeing to back off, as if he was playing devil’s advocate.

Besides, knowing about various idioms with examples, a good vocabulary can take you to places in competitive exams as well as in life. Here’s our blog on 50 difficult words with meanings for you to master your speaking skills now!

55. Rain on someone’s parade

Meaning: To spoil a moment.
Example: He told his wife that he doesn’t want to rain on her parade, but they had to shift their vacation dates.

56. Take a rain check

Meaning: Postpone a plan.
Example: He asked me whether I would like to have dinner with his family, but I had a thing so I said, rain check.

57. Take it with a grain of salt

Meaning: Don’t take it too seriously.
Example: She tells great tales but we take whatever she says with a grain of salt

58. Like a cakewalk

Meaning: So easy task.
Example: Everyone took hours to write the code but Adam did it like a cakewalk.

59. Throw caution to the wind

Meaning: Take a risk.
Example: The caretaker threw caution to the wind by taking a sick baby outside. 

60. Penny-wise and Pound foolish

Meaning: Careful in trivial matters but wasteful or extravagant in large matters.
Example: That man eats Ramen noodles daily for dinner but for his dog, he threw a big party. He is indeed penny-wise and pound-foolish.

61. The whole nine yards

Meaning: Everything, all the way.
Example: I want to know everything there is to know about this merger, the whole nine yards of the deal.

62. The best thing since sliced bread

Meaning: A really good invention.
Example: Bluetooth is officially the best thing since sliced bread

idioms with examples
Source: Pinterest

It is important to note that idioms themselves do not create complete sentences and they require additional context to give them a sense. Take a look at some more idioms with examples and their meanings:

63. Bite off more than you can chew

Meaning: Take on a difficult work that is beyond your capabilities. 
Example: Andrew told his boss that he will triple the sales but in reality, he bit off more than he can chew and now all of us are in trouble.

64. Play by the ear

Meaning: To improvise.
Example: I just went to Canada and did everything by the ear, no itinerary, no schedules.

65. Ignorance is bliss

Meaning: You are better off not knowing some things.
Example: His wife always asked him what it was he did late at night, turned out, he was insider trading. But she knew nothing about this so she won’t be convicted, sometimes ignorance is bliss. 

66. Put something on ice

Meaning: To put something on hold.
Example: As per the boss’ order, Michael has put his personal matters on ice.

67. You can say that again

Meaning: That’s absolutely true.
Example: “The Earth is bleeding”, you can say that again, pal.

68. Bite the bullet

Meaning: To get something over with because it is inevitable.
Example: Vik was diagnosed with second stage cancer but he didn’t want to get chemotherapy. By the will of his wife, he bit the bullet.

69. Go back to the drawing board

Meaning: Start over.
Example: It is not too late to go back to the drawing board and assess your mistakes.

70. Call it a day

Meaning: Stop working on something.
Example: Ah! So what we didn’t complete the puzzle today, let’s call it a day and come back again tomorrow.

71. Beating Around the Bush

Meaning: To talk about unnecessary things.
Example: When I asked my secretary about the missing file and documents, she was beating around the bush.

72. Be in a Tight Corner.

Meaning: Being in a difficult situation.
Example: Radha’s low grades despite her constant efforts has put her in a very tight corner.

73. At the 11th Hour

Meaning: At the last moment.
Example: While leaving for Shimla, Harshit kept his mobile phone charger in the bag at the 11th hour.

74. Swan Song

Meaning: The last piece of work of an artist before his/her death.
Example: This painting was M.F Hussain’s swan song.

75. Wild Goose Chase

Meaning: Futile Chase
Example: Catching the two thieves together on a jam-packed road was no less than a wild goose chase for the policeman.

76. Bury the Hatchet

Meaning: Ending a quarrel to make peace.
Example: My father buried the hatchet by equally diving the pasta between me and my sister.

77. To Bell the Cat

Meaning: To face a risk.
Example: He belled the cat when he was trying to escape the prison.

78. Turn a deaf ear

Meaning: To ignore what someone is saying.
Example: Whenever her mother complained of her excessive use of mobile phone, Anu turned a deaf ear.

79. At Sea

Meaning: Confused
Example: I was at sea while choosing a lehenga for my sister’s wedding at Manish Malhotra’s store.

80. To be in the doldrums

Meaning: To be in a low spirit
Example: When I got to know about the increasing cases of COVID 19 in my area, I was in the doldrums.

81. Hit the books

Meaning: Going to study
Example: I won’t be able to come for dinner as I have to hit the books for my half-yearly examinations. 

82. Twist someone’s arm

Meaning: To convince someone
Example: I was not planning to come to the party but by remaining me of all the good food you twisted my arm!

83. Stab someone in the back

Meaning: To betray a close person
Example: My uncle trusted his driver so much but he stabbed him at the back when he saw all the money bags.

84. Go cold turkey

Meaning: To quit or stop addictive or dangerous behaviour
Example: No one could believe that my father left eating sweets! He went cold turkey when the doctors told him that he has diabetes. 

85. Ring a bell

Meaning: Sounds familiar
Example: Why does this name ring a bell in my head? Was this girl in my school? 

86. Cut to the chase

Meaning: Getting to the important point
Example: As the submissions were to be made tonight, boss cut to the chase and asked us to start working. 

87. Blow off steam

Meaning: Experiencing strong feelings like anger or stress
Example: Shina went running to blow off steam as she had a huge fight with mother. 

88. Face the music

Meaning: Face the reality
Example: Shikha asked her husband to not run away from the problem and just face the music once!

89. To have sticky fingers

Meaning: Thief
Example: The cashier had a sticky finger, he stole around $2000 and ran away from the bank. 

90. Break the bank

Meaning: To be very expensive
Example: I had to break the bank to but these shoes!

91. Face the music

Meaning: Confront the unpleasant consequences of one’s actions.
Example: We have done it and now it’s time to face the music!

92. It is always darkest before the dawn

Meaning: Things will get better
Example: I know you have gone through the worst, but remember it is always darkest before the dawn.

93. Jump the gun

Meaning: To act on something promptly before the right time
Example: I think I jumped the gun by sending the e-mail before they tell the time.

94. Wear your heart on your sleeve

Meaning: Expressing yourself too openly
Example: She wears her heart on her sleeve and often gets hurt.

95. Cut no ice

Meaning: Fail to make an impact
Example: Your poetry cuts no ice with me.

96. Light at the end of tunnel

Meaning: Seeing signs of improvement in the future
Example: I see the light at the end of the tunnel for my relationship with her.

97. Through thick and thin

Meaning: Through good and bad times
Example: Books and music stay by your side through thick and thin.

98. Cry for the moon

Meaning: To ask for something that is rather difficult
Example: You are crying for the moon for this concert’s tickets!

99. Read between the lines

Meaning: Understanding the real message behind something
Example: If you try to read between the lines, her song is actually about nizagara

100. Pour out one’s heart

Meaning: To express openly
Example: I can’t pour my heart out to you if you are too distracted by everything around you.

Learn the 100 Common Idioms with their Meanings

Credits: Lucy with Examples
Courtesy: Pinterest

20 Idioms with their Meanings and Sentences

Here are the most common 20 idioms with their meanings and sentences:

  1. A left-handed compliment
    Meaning: Saying something insulting in the form of appreciative words.
    Example: Her words on my blog seem like a left-handed compliment.
  2. Once in a blue moon
    Meaning: Not very often
    Example: I visit her place once in a blue moon.
  3. Call a spade a spade
    Meaning: Talking frankly
    Example:
    I will not lie about it and call a spade a spade.
  4. Flesh and blood
    Meaning: Referring to someone in family or human nature
    Example:
    It’s flesh and blood to feel such strong emotions at this time.
  5. Jam on the brakes
    Meaning: Press brakes of a vehicle suddenly
    Example: I had to jam on the brakes when I saw the deer.
  6. Notch up
    Meaning: To win or create a record
    Example:
    One Direction notched up the finale with their amazing voice!
  7. A slap on the wrist
    Meaning: Just a small punishment
    Example:
    You will get a slap on the wrist for painting this wall but don’t dare to do it again.
  8. Knee Jerk Reaction
    Meaning: A quick response
    Example
    : The statement was just a knee jerk reaction.
  9. Once bitten, twice shy
    Meaning: Afraid of doing something again
    Example: Once bitten twice shy, he can’t ski.
  10. Forty winks
    Meaning: A short nap
    Example:
    I will be just in for forty winks, I promise.
  11. Up for grabs
    Meaning: Available for everyone
    Example
    : This pizza slice is up for grabs!
  12. Old as the hills
    Meaning: Someone very old
    Example: The man looks as old as the hills.
  13. Back to square one
    Meaning: Start all over again
    Example:
    Your mistake brought us back to square one.
  14. Round the bend
    Meaning: Crazy
    Example: My neighbour is round the bend, don’t try to mess with her.
  15. Against the clock
    Meaning: Rushed
    Example: I have to hurry for the meeting, I am against the clock.
  16. Black and blue
    Meaning: Something bruised
    Example: What happened? Your eyes look black and blue.
  17. Have the blues
    Meaning: Sad
    Example
    : After meeting her, I am feeling the blues.
  18. Be glad to see the back of
    Meaning: Happy when someone leaves
    Example
    : Tomorrow, I will be glad to see the back of her.
  19. Black out
    Meaning: Faint
    Example: I blacked out after two drinks.
  20. Get in Shape
    Meaning: To become strong or fit
    Example: I need to make a proper schedule to get in shape before the graduation ceremony.

30 Idioms Examples and their Meaning for Students

Here are the most common 30 idioms with their meanings and sentences:

  1. Shoot from the hip
    Meaning:
    To speak bluntly or rashly without thinking carefully
    Example: Don’t feel bad about what he said. He has a habit of shooting from the hip, but he means no harm
  2.  Shoot oneself in the foot
    Meaning:
    To harm one’s own cause inadvertently
    Example: Foolishly harm one’s own cause, as in He really shot himself in the foot, telling the interviewer all about the others who were applying for the job he wanted.
  3.  In cold blood
    Meaning
    : If you do something violent and cruel in cold blood, you do it deliberately and in an unemotional way.
    Example: In a purposely ruthless and unfeeling manner, as in The whole family was murdered in cold blood. 
  4. Draw first blood
    Meaning:
    If you draw first blood, you cause the first damage to an opponent in a conflict or contest.
    Example: To be the first to gain an advantage or score against an opponent. I drew first blood in the tournament and quickly dispatched my opponent.
  5. Ace up one’s sleeve
    Meaning:
    A secret or hidden advantage that you can use when you need it
    Example: Cheating at a card game by hiding a favourable card up one’s sleeve. I have an ace up my sleeve for this race—my stamina.
  6. Play your cards right
    Meaning: To behave or work in a way that gives you an advantage or improves your odds of success.
    Example:  Play your cards right in college and you’ll get a great job after you graduate
  7. Egg on your face
    Meaning: If you’ve egg on your face, you look stupid and face embarrassment because of something you’ve done.
    Example: Terry had an egg on his face after boasting that the examinations were really easy, but ended up failing most of his papers.
  8. Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
    Meaning: To destroy something that gives you a lot of money to get immediate returns
    Example:  Tearing down the top attraction in the theme park, “The Haunted House”, would be akin to killing the goose that lays the golden egg.
  9. An arm and a leg
    Meaning:
    If something costs an arm and a leg, it costs a lot.
    Example:  I want to buy a house by the beach, but it may cost me an arm and a leg.
  10. Behind one’s back
    Meaning
    : If you do something behind someone’s back, you do it secretly without their knowledge (used in negative way).
    Example: My colleague is really nice to me but I don’t trust him because I know he talks negatively about me behind my back
  11. Stab someone in the back
    Meaning:
    Harm someone who trusts you.
    Example: Don’t trust George; he’s been known to stab his friends in the back
  12. Take a back seat
    Meaning:
    If you take a back seat, you choose not to be in a position of responsibility or power.
    Example: The founder of the company decided to take a back seat and let the board members run the business.
  13.  Back to the drawing board
    Meaning
    : If you go back to the drawing board, you make a fresh start or try another idea because the earlier one didn’t succeed.
    Example: It looks like my plans to kill the weeds in the garden failed. Back to the drawing board
  14. Right off the bat
    Meaning
    : If you do something right off the bat, you do it immediately.
    Example: Nathan was in the mood for a cheeseburger, so he hopped into his car and bought some fast food. After unwrapping the burger, he took a bite and right off the bat he knew that something was wrong; it didn’t taste right.
  15. Heart misses (skips) a beat
    Meaning:
    If your heart misses a beat, you feel excited or nervous.
    Example: Her heart missed a beat when she heard her name called out in the list of finalists, or When the bear appeared in front of us, my heart skipped a beat, or My heart stands still at the very thought of flying through a thunderstorm
  16. Have your heart in your mouth
    Meaning:
    If you’ve your heart in mouth, you’re feeling extremely nervous.
    Example:  You sure don’t seem relaxed—in fact, it seems like your heart is in your mouth.
  17. Not the only fish in the sea
    Meaning:
    Not the only suitable thing or person one can find
    Example: When Bob walked out on Sally, all we could tell her was that he was not the only fish in the sea , or Bill knew she wasn’t the only pebble on the beach but he was determined to win her over.
  18. Not your cup of tea
    Meaning:
    If you say that someone or something is not your cup of tea, you mean that they’re not the kind of person or thing you like.
    Example: We couldn’t decide which movie to watch, so we ended up settling on a comedy. Half-way through the movie, I concluded that its humor was not my cup of tea.
  19. A piece of cake
    Meaning
    : If something is a piece of cake, it’s easy to do.
    Example: The boy found the project to be a piece of cake because it was incredibly easy.
  20. Call it a day
    Meaning
    : If you call it a day, you stop what you’re doing because you’re tired of it or you’ve not been successful.
    Example: I think we have done enough work today, I am feeling tired now, let’s call it a day.
  21. The pot calling the kettle black
    Meaning:
    Accusing someone of faults that you yourself have
    Example: I can’t believe that you are upset because I was late. That is the pot calling the kettle black. Peter called me a liar! That is the pot calling the kettle black.
  22. Call a spade a spade
    Meaning:
    To speak truth even if it’s unpleasant
    Example: That dress made her look fat, let’s call a spade a spade before she goes out wearing it and embarrasses herself. 
  23. A bolt from the blue
    Meaning
    : A sudden, unexpected event
    Example: Let us hope the pandemic disappears. It came as a bolt from the blue in 2020.
  24. In the same boat
    Meaning:
    If two or more persons are in the same boat, they’re in the same difficult situation.
    Example: If you lose your job, I’ll lose mine. We are both in the same boat.
  25. Miss the boat/ bus
    Meaning:
    To miss an opportunity
    Example: He missed the boat when he did not apply for the job in time. 
  26. Over my dead body
    Meaning
    : If you say something will happen your dead body, you mean you dislike it and will do everything you can to prevent it.
    Example: I told John that he could shave his head, over my dead body. 
  27. Make one’s blood boil
    Meaning
    : To make someone extremely angry
    Example: When I hear stories of cruelty to animals, it makes my blood boil.
  28. Bounce something off someone
    Meaning:
    If you bounce something off someone, you discuss ideas or plan with someone to get their view on it.
    Example: I caught the rubber ball when it bounced off the wall. The light bouncing off of that mirror is blinding me—can we close the curtains?
  29. Bell the cat
    Meaning
    : To undertake a risky or dangerous task.
    Example: Someone has to bell the cat and tell the commissioner that his own started the violence
  30.  Like a cat on hot tin roof
    Meaning:
    In an uneasy or nervous state
    Example: She’s waiting for the doctor to call with her test results, so she’s been like a cat on a hot tin roof all day

idiom

Source: Pintrest

IELTS Speaking – 7 Idioms for a Band 9 Score

FAQs

Suggests some Idioms for Kids

It’s raining cats and dogs is an idiom, it means it is raining very hard.

What is easy Idiom in English?

It’s a doddle, it means there’s nothing to it.

What is Idioms and phrases with examples?

Get your act together, it means you need to improve your behaviour/work
Pull yourself together, it means calm down
I’m feeling under the weather, it means I’m sick
It’s a piece of cake, it means it’s easy
Break a leg, it means good luck

What is an Idiom?

A set of words, or, to put it another way, a phrase, that has a meaning beyond the words’ literal meanings is known as an idiom.

Where to not use any idiom?

Idioms should not be utilised in writing for academic or professional purposes.

Learning idioms with examples and their meaning is the best way to master them and make your writing more engaging. Try to practice idioms with examples of your own. If you wish to seek further guidance on your English-language proficiency test preparation like TOEFL or IELTS and your career, you can check out Leverage Edu today and schedule a free consultation session now.

english idioms

To understand English as it is spoken in real life, you have to be familiar with idioms. They are used so much in everyday English that it is important to be aware of them. You need to learn what they mean, and how to use them to become an ‘insider’.

This blog post will show you some of the most popular English idioms currently in use. Remember, knowledge is power.

50 Popular English Idioms

1. CRUNCH TIME: the period of time just before a project has to be completed and everyone has to work hard

  • I’m not getting enough sleep these days. It’s crunch time at work.

LET YOUR FREAK FLAG FLY

2. LET YOUR FREAK FLAG FLY: to let others see your uniqueness

  • My colleagues were surprised at the Christmas party- I let my freak flag fly and showed them a break dance routine.

3. GET OUT OF HAND: when you lose control of things, they get out of hand

  • The party got out of hand and the guests started to throw bottles at each other.

4. GET YOUR HEAD AROUND IT: to understand something

  • I just can’t get my head around the fact that Joe is leaving us.

5. DIG IN YOUR HEELS / STICK TO YOUR GUNS: to refuse to compromise or change your mind

  • My parents wanted me to give up writing, but I dug in my heels and went on to become a famous writer.
  • My parents wanted me to give up writing, but I stuck to my guns and went on to become a famous writer.

6. POUND THE PAVEMENT: to walk the streets looking for a job

  • I’d been pounding the pavement for months before I found a job in a fast food restaurant.

PULL A RABBIT OUT OF A HAT

7. PULL A RABBIT OUT OF A HAT: to do something unexpected that may have seemed impossible

  • I thought we were going bankrupt, but my partner pulled a rabbit out of his hat and we landed a major contract.

8. LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED: to do everything you can to achieve your goal

  • I’ll leave no stone unturned until I find out who did this.

9. GET IT OUT OF YOUR SYSTEM: to do something you’ve wanted to do for a long time and don’t want to postpone any longer

  • I wasn’t sure how she was going to react, but I had to get it out of my system, so I told her I had found another woman.

10. STEP UP YOUR GAME: to start performing better

  • If you want to win this competition, you’ll have to step up your game.

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11. PULL YOURSELF TOGETHER: to calm down and behave normally

  • I understand you’ve had a bad day, but pull yourself together and get on with your job, will you?

12. SHAPE UP OR SHIP OUT: either start performing better or leave

  • This is the last time I’m telling you to arrive on time. Shape up or ship out.

13. CUT SOMEBODY SOME SLACK: to give somebody a break/ not to judge somebody severely

  • I was extremely busy last week. Cut me some slack and I’ll finish the report by tomorrow morning.

BY THE SKIN OF YOUR TEETH

14. BY THE SKIN OF YOUR TEETH: when you do something by the skin of your teeth, you only just succeed/ nearly fail

  • I hadn’t studied much, but passed the test by the skin of my teeth.

15. ONCE IN A BLUE MOON: when something rarely ever happens

  • We used to see him all the time, but now he just visits us once in a blue moon.

16. GO DOWN IN FLAMES: to end or fail suddenly and spectacularly

  • She’d wanted to become Managing Director, but her career went down in flames when they found out she’d been leaking information to our competitors.

17. TAR SOMEONE WITH THE SAME BRUSH: to believe that someone has the same bad qualities as others in a group

  • I don’t think much of that band, but the singer shouldn’t be tarred with the same brush. She’s got a fantastic voice.

18. COME OUT SWINGING: to be confrontational and strongly defend yourself at the beginning of a debate

  • Our local MP came out swinging against the current leadership and demanded that the government resign.

19. HANG IN THERE: wait and be patient

  • I know you’d really like to call him, but I don’t think that’s the right thing to do now. Just hang in there and he will call you.

20. SHOOT FROM THE HIP: to speak directly

  • If you want to get on well with your boss, try not to shoot from the hip next time. You don’t want to offend him, do you?

GO THE EXTRA MILE

21. GO THE EXTRA MILE: to make a special effort/try very hard to achieve your goal

  • If you want to become proficient in English, you’ll have to go the extra mile and start learning idioms.
  • My English class was great, we learnt so much because our teacher was the best, she always went the extra mile for us.

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22. RUNNING ON FUMES: to continue to stay awake when feeling exhausted

  • I’m sorry, but I’ve got to go home now. I haven’t slept for twenty hours and I’m running on fumes.

23. SOLD ME OUT: to snitch on someone, or let their secret out

  • I asked you to keep it to yourself! I can’t believe you sold me out, I trusted you!

24. YOU SOLD ME (ON SOMETHING): you convinced me of something, because you were persuasive

  • OK, you’ve sold me. I’ll go to the match with you.

25. BLEW ME AWAY: when something blows you away, you’re extremely impressed by it

  • The exhibition just blew me away. I’d never seen so many beautiful paintings before.

26. BLOW SMOKE: to exaggerate or say things that aren’t true to make you seem better/ more knowledgeable than in reality

  • I’m not blowing smoke. I have honestly read War and Peace by Tolstoy.

CRY WOLF

27. CRY WOLF: to call for help when you don’t need it

  • Do you think Peter is in trouble or is he just crying wolf?

28. COULDN’T CARE LESS: used to express total lack of interest in something

  • That man stole a bottle of wine from the shop.
  • Oh, really? I couldn’t care less.

29. BE CHUFFED TO BITS: to be pleased and happy

  • Hey, thanks for the present! I’m chuffed to bits.

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30. FEELING UNDER THE WEATHER: to be ill or unable to do regular activities

  • I think I’m going to have to take the day off work. I feel quite under the weather today.

31. BE TICKLED PINK: to be excited and happy

  • She was tickled pink by all the compliments she’d received.

32. A BAKER’S DOZEN: thirteen

  • Check out our baker’s dozen language learning tips.

33. COMFORT FOOD: food that makes you feel better, because it reminds you of your childhood

  • After a tiring day, it’s so nice to make some comfort food and settle down with a good book.

34. SKELETON CREW: the minimum number of people needed to keep a service/office operating

  • Can you come back after the holidays? We’re operating with a skeleton crew at the moment.

LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY

35. LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY: to let something happen, no matter what happens next

  • I must tell John how I feel about him, let the chips fall where they may.

36. NO-BRAINER: an easy decision

  • Do you think I should propose to Judy?
  • Come on, it’s a no-brainer. She’s such a fantastic woman!

37. A STONE’S THROW: very near

  • The hotel  was a stone’s throw from the beach. I loved it.

38. HEAR ON THE GRAPEVINE: to hear a rumour or unconfirmed story

  • I heard on the grapevine that Charlie and Sarah are dating at the moment.

39. SIT ON THE FENCE: to stay neutral and not take sides

  • Well don’t you think I’m right, he’s been acting differently hasn’t he?
  • I’m sitting on the fence with this one, you’re both my good friends.

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40. TAKE WHAT SOMEONE SAYS WITH A PINCH OF SALT: regard something as exaggerated, or only believe a part of something

  • Did you hear what Tina said happened in the office yesterday?
  • Oh, I would take anything she says with a pinch of salt.

41. FREAK OUT: to become very angry, scared or excited

  • Mum, don’t freak out! I married a guy in Las Vegas.

BE A CATCH

42. BE A CATCH: be someone worth marrying/having

  • John is taking me out tonight. He’s such a catch, I hope he’ll propose.

43. PIECE OF CAKE: when something is extremely easy to do

  • Do you think you could beat him in a race?
  • Yeah, piece of cake. I’m definitely a lot faster than him.

44. HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD: used if something someone says, is precisely correct

  • My doctor hit the nail on the head. He knew exactly what was wrong with me!

45. COSTS AN ARM AND A LEG: when something is very expensive

  • My son wants that mountain bike for his birthday, but it’ll cost an arm and a leg!

46. HIT THE BOOKS: to study very hard

  • Do you want to go for lunch somewhere nice?
  • No thanks, I’m going to hit the books. I have an exam coming up soon.

47. BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW: to take on something that is too much for you to handle

  • He recently got promoted and took on some new responsibilities, but he’s just too busy. He bit off more than he could chew, and I don’t think he can handle it anymore.  

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48. WHEN PIGS FLY: this means that something will never happen

  • Aren’t you going to buy that dream house you told me about?
  • Ugh, I will when pigs fly. It’s just so expensive, I don’t think it’ll happen.

49. DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER: this means don’t make a decision based on a brief impression or outward appearance

  • I don’t like our new neighbours very much, they’re quite strange.
  • Hey, you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. Give them a chance, I think they’re just a bit quirky but really nice!

YOU ROCK

50. YOU ROCK: you are great

  • Thanks for the tickets, Rob. You rock!

51. MISS THE BOAT:
when someone has missed their opportunity to do something

  • Have you applied for that job yet?
  • No, I think I may have missed the boat. I should’ve done it last week.

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I hope you are tickled pink to have learnt all these exciting idioms. Is there anything else you would like to learn about? Let us know in the comment area below.

Управление образования городского округа Саранск

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение «Гимназия №29»

Городской конкурс проектных и учебно-исследовательских работ

«Школьники города — науке XXI века»

      Секция «Романо-германская филология»

«Идиомы в английском языке и их употребление»

(на материале учебников 5-9 классов Афанасьевой О.В., Михеевой И.В. «English» и произведений Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень», В.Шекспира «Гамлет»)

Автор: 

Рузанова Анна,

8Б класс, МОУ «Гимназия №29»,
Научный руководитель: 
Багапова Динара Маликовна,

учитель английского языка                  Высшая квалификационная категория,

МОУ «Гимназия «29»

                                                       Саранск 2014

Содержание

Введение                                                                                                   4-5

1. Теоретические основы изучения идиом английского языка                            6-9                                                                                    

1.1. Значение идиом в английском языке                                                       6-7

1.2. Когда используют идиомы                                                                   7-9

2. Практический аспект использования в речи идиом английского языка     10-16

 2.1. Анализ содержания  учебников Афанасьевой О.В., Михеевой И.В.      10-11                         по английскому языку «English»

 2.2. Анкетирование учащихся 8-9  классов МОУ «Гимназия №29»               12-13

 2.3. Анализ содержания зарубежной литературы на примере  произведений

Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень»,                                         В.Шекспира «Гамлет»                                                                                          13-16

Заключение                                                                                               17

Список использованной литературы                                                                    18                      Приложение 1                                                                                       19-21

Приложение 2                                                                                          22

Приложение 3                                                                                          23

Приложение 4                                                                                         24-26

Введение

При изучении английского языка мы часто сталкиваемся с устойчивыми выражениями, перевести которые бывает очень сложно. Использование в речи английских идиом  говорит о глубоком понимании языка. Сталкиваясь с идиомой, мы можем ощутить историко-культурный опыт народа и осмыслить его.

 Английские идиомы не только украшают речь, они также позволяют сократить громоздкие предложения до небольших устойчивых выражений. Речь с использованием английских идиом становится намного более красивой, «живой» и красочной.

Английские идиомы бывают весьма специфичны, а бывают на удивление схожи со своими русскими аналогами. Знакомство с идиомами является очень важным моментом изучения языка.

Тема нашего исследования актуальна именно сегодня, когда изучение и знание английского языка – это не только норма, но и просто жизненная необходимость. Даже вполне владея грамматикой, имея хороший словарный запас, не всегда могут понять содержание текста. Чаще всего это происходит из-за незнания идиом. Тем более актуально изучение идиом, посвященных общению и социализации.

Цель: рассмотреть основные аспекты использования идиом английского языка, отражающих основные компоненты общения на английском языке.

Задачи:

  1. Рассмотреть теоретические основы изучение идиом английского языка.
  2. Проанализировать содержание учебников 5-9 кл. Афанасьевой О.В., Михеевой И.В. «English» и произведений Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень», В.Шекспира «Гамлет».
  3. Провести анкетирование учащихся 8-9 классов МОУ «Гимназия№29».
  4. Разработать практические рекомендации по применению идиом в речи.

Объект исследования: идиомы английского языка, отражающие основные компоненты общения.

Предмет исследования: использование идиом английского языка, отражающих основные компоненты общения в практике общеобразовательной школы.

Гипотеза исследования: мы предполагаем, что использование английских идиом в ходе изучения английского языка может способствовать:

  1. расширению словарного запаса, образности речи учащихся,
  2. повышению уровня общения подростков на английском языке.

Практическая значимость работы состоит в том, что выводы и наблюдения, содержащиеся в исследовании, могут быть использованы при изучении английского языка как в общеобразовательных, так и в специализированных школах.

Изучению английских идиом посвящены работы таких исследователей, как Ю.А. Шафрин («Идиомы английского языка. Опыт использования»), А.В. Кунин («Фразеология современного английского языка»), В.В. Сытель («Разговорные английские идиомы»), Дженнифер Сейдл и У. Макморди («Идиомы на английском языке»), И.С. Владовская («Сборник фразеологических словосочетаний и идиом разговорного английского языка») и многие другие.

Методы исследования: анализ литературы, анкетирование, наблюдение.

Работа состоит из введения, двух глав (теоретической и практической), в которых отражены основные  результаты исследования, заключения, где подведены итоги работы, библиографического списка из 10 источников и приложения.

При работе была изучена  линия учебников Афанасьевой О.В., Михеевой И.В. «English» c 5 по 9 класс и произведения Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень», В.Шекспира «Гамлет». А так же был отобран список наиболее употребляемых идиом в учебниках и английской литературе.

ГЛАВА 1

Теоретические основы изучения идиом английского языка

1.1. Значение идиом в английском языке.

Идиома — это ряд слов, употребляемых совместно и сообщающих этому ряду значение, не совпадающее со значением каждого из слов идиомы, взятого поодиночке. Способ, с помощью которого слова объединяются, часто представляется случайным, нелогичным и даже грамматически неправильным. Некоторые идиомы имеют особые свойства. Другие идиомы являются обычными и логичными сочетаниями слов, если иметь в виду их грамматику и словарь. В силу особых свойств некоторых идиом, нам приходится изучать идиому как целое, и часто мы не можем изменить ни одной из ее составляющих. Английский язык очень богат идиоматическими выражениями. Действительно, трудно говорить или писать по-английски, не используя идиом. Носитель языка очень часто не осознает, что он использует идиому; возможно, он даже не отдает себе отчета в том, что эта идиома — грамматически некорректна. Изучающий же язык считает правильное использование идиоматического английского одной из своих главных целей, и тот факт, что некоторые идиомы нелогичны или грамматически неправильны, доставляет ему немало хлопот. Здесь может помочь только тщательная работа над идиомами. 

По определению академика В.В.Виноградова, идиома (от греч. idios — собственный, свойственный) – это семантически неделимый фразеологический оборот, в котором общее значение совершенно отличается   со значениями его компонентов.

Наиболее распространенное определение идиомы принадлежит                             Дж. Сейдлу и У. Макморди. Они понимают идиому как «ряд слов, изобретающих значение, отличное от значений его компонентов», как особую организацию нескольких слов.

Изучение идиом является довольно перспективным, так как английский язык, как и любой другой, развивается, не стоит на месте, а, следовательно, появляются новые идиомы, которые обогащают язык. Понимание происхождения идиом ведёт к более глубокому осмыслению культуры страны изучаемого языка, таким образом, помогая в изучении иностранного языка.

Изучение идиом является необходимым звеном в процессе усвоения языка, так как:

  • усиливает понимание языка;
  • исключает возможность использовать дополнительные слова;
  • помогает понять национальную культуру страны, изучаемого языка;
  • облегчает понимание собеседника;
  • помогает сделать речь более образной, эмоциональной путём использования выразительных средств языка.

          Использование в речи идиоматических выражений поможет разнообразить и обогатить словарный запас, позволит сделать речь ярче.

Таким образом, изучение английских идиом усиливает понимание языка, помогает понять национальную культуру страны и изучаемого языка, помогает сделать речь более колоритной и эмоциональной.

1.2. Когда используют идиомы

Одна из главных трудностей заключается в том, что человек, изучающий язык,  не знает, в каких ситуациях можно употребить идиому. Он не знает особенности стиля, то есть не знает, можно ли использовать идиому в формальной или неформальной ситуации.

Выбор слов зависит от лица, с которым вы разговариваете, а также от ситуации или места на момент разговора. Если лицо — ваш друг или ситуация сугубо личная, можно использовать неформальные выражения или даже сленг. В формальной ситуации, когда мы не очень хорошо знаем лицо, с которым ведем беседу, или в официальной ситуации необходимо выбирать слова намного тщательнее. Было бы неверным выбрать, неформальное выражение в какой-то довольно официальной ситуации, а выбор жаргонного выражения в таких, случаях — признак дурных манер. Это означает, что мы можем передать одну и ту же информацию или выразить идею разными способами, используя разный уровень языка. Вот один пример. Если кто-то опаздывает на встречу с другом, типичный неформальный способ извинения: «Sorry I’m late! — but I got badly held up». Однако, если вы опоздали на встречу с иностранцами или на деловое собрание, для извинения подходит другое выражение, например: «I do apologise for being late. I’m afraid my train was delayed».

 Большинство английских идиом делятся на простые категории, такие например, как идиомы, связанные с наименованиями частей тела, названиями животных, цвета, внешностью человека, именами, профессиями и т. д. Поэтому, прежде всего, следует выбрать для предъявления идиоматические выражения из одной категории в соответствии с изучаемой тематикой. Выражения формальные встречаются чаще в письменной речи (а не в разговорном английском); они подчеркивают определенную дистанцию между собеседниками. Такие выражения следует употреблять, например, в докладе перед большой аудиторией. Выражения неформальные используются в ежедневном разговорном английском и в личных письмах. Сленг используется в очень неформальных ситуациях между хорошими друзьями.

Другая серьезная трудность заключается в том, что изучающий язык не знает, подходит ли та или иная идиома к конкретной ситуации и выглядит ли она естественной. Эту трудность можно устранить, только внимательно слушая носителей языка или внимательно читая английские тексты, содержащие идиомы.

Третья серьезная трудность заключается в фиксированных или частично фиксированных идиомах, которые уже обсуждались. Очень важно, чтобы учащийся был точен в использовании фиксированных идиом, так как неточная идиома ничего не скажет (или почти ничего) носителю языка. Более того, крайне неразумно переводить на английский идиомы вашего родного языка. Хорошо, если оба языка имеют одну и ту же форму и словарь, но в большинстве случаев результат просто собьет с толку носителя языка и может быть даже смешным.

Как уже сказано ранее, правильное использование идиоматического английского должно быть целью каждого изучающего язык.

ГЛАВА 2

Практический аспект использования в речи идиом английского языка

2.1. Анализ содержания  учебников Афанасьевой О.В., Михеевой  И.В. по английскому языку «English»

Для решения поставленной цели исследования нами был произведен анализ содержание программы по изучению английского языка «English» на предмет использования идиом.

В серии учебников английского языка «English» знакомство с идиомами происходит в речевых ситуациях, приведены примеры использования этих выражений в различных ситуациях общения (приложение 1). Как правило, ознакомление с идиомами сопровождается интересными иллюстрациями, которые служат примером для новых диалогов. Идиомы не отделяются от изучаемой лексики, а знакомство происходит вместе с ней.

Анализ некоторых идиом, представленных в программе «English» позволил сделать вывод о том, что в данном учебнике представлены как формальные, так и неформальные идиомы. В 5 классе идиомы не представлены.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               В 6 классе идиомы не представлены.

А учебник 7 класса содержит идиомы на следующие темы:

  • Cats (кошки): “A fat cat” («Кто-то богатый и мощный»), “To let the cat out of the bag” («Выдать секрет, тайну»), “Like cat and dog” («Очень плохо ладить с кем-то»), “Like a cat on hot bricks(on a hot tin roof” («Быть чересчур взволнованным, паниковать»), “Like the cat that got the cream” («Быть очень довольным»), “Put the cat among the pigeons” («Сердить кого-то»), “While the cat is away the mice will play” («Когда босс уходит, подчинённые начинают вести себя плохо»), “Has the cat got your tongue?” («Язык проглотил?», «Нечего сказать?»)
  • Colour idioms (Идиомы, связанные с цветами): “To give a black look(«Гневно взглянуть»),  “Once in a blue moon” («Очень редко, почти никогда»), “To be(feel) blue” («Грустить, быть в плохом настроении»), “To be like a red rag to a bull” («Действовать на кого либо, как красная тряпка на быка»), “A white elephant” («Дорогой, но бесполезный подарок»), “To be yellow” («Струсить, быть трусом»).

              В 8 классе идиомы не представлены.

             В учебнике 9 класса идиомы представлены следующие идиомы:

            Idioms with the word “Cast” (Идиомы со словом «Бросать»):  

            “To cast light on sth” («Пролить свет на что либо, обнаружить что-либо»), “To cast one’s mind back” («Вспомнить былое, прошлое»), “To cast sth from one’s mind”(«Прекратить думать о чём-либо»), “To cast a spell on/over sb” («Очаровывать»), “To cast a (one’s) vote” («Голосовать»), “To cast doubt on sth” («Ставить что-либо под сомнение»), “To cast one’s eyes down” («Потупить взор(глаза)»), “To cast sb or sth aside” («Отвергнуть кого-либо, что-либо»), “To be cast away” («Оказаться на необитаемом острове»), “The die is cast” («Выбор сделан, жребий брошен»);

Idioms with the word “Head” (Идиомы со словом «Голова»):

“At the head of the table” («Во главе стола»), “To keep your head” («Сохранять спокойствие»), “To take something into your head” («Принимать что-либо во внимание»), “To have a good head on your shoulders” («Иметь голову на плечах»), “To lose your head” («Потерять голову»).

Идиомы английского языка, отражающие основные компоненты общения, используемые в программе «English» представлены в приложении 1.

2.2. Анкетирование учащихся 8-9 классов МОУ «Гимназия№29»

Для выявления уровня знаний об идиомах английского языка учащихся школы нами было проведено анкетирование в 8-9 классах с углубленным изучением английского языка с использованием анкеты, представленной в приложении 2. Было опрошено 50 гимназистов.

Анализ результатов показал, что учащиеся 8 и 9 классов показали  хорошие знания английских идиом. Все учащиеся определили идиомы как «выражения, которые не имеют дословного перевода»; «выражения, в переводе на русский теряют свой смысл»; «фразеологизмы»; «устойчивые сочетания». 60% учащихся привели примеры идиом. По результатам анкет, среди учащихся 8 классов используют идиомы только 35%, а в 9 классе — 50%.

Перечислим примеры идиом, приведенных в анкетах учеников: «A little bit», «A cool look», «Balance the accounts»,  «Baker’s dozen», «About time», «Call of nature», «About to (do something)», «A piece of cave», «Drive someone crazy», «He is bad news»,  «Home and dry», «All to the good»,  «At first glance», «Against the clock».
Особенности идиом:


           Идиому нужно переводить образно. Это устойчивое выражение, свойственное только данному языку. Идиомы нельзя переводить слово в слово, они переводятся с общим значением этих слов. Особенность идиом в том, что нам приходится изучать идиому, как целое, и часто мы её не можем изменить.


Для чего нам нужны идиомы?


           Идиомы нужны для придачи языку яркую эмоциональную окраску.
При помощи идиом мы можем донести свои мысли.
Идиомы нужны для передачи смысла выражения с какого-либо языка на другой, чтобы не делать ошибок при переводе с других языков.
Идиомы нужны для того, чтобы правильно понимать английский язык и не делать ошибок. Идиомы нужны для расширения словарного запаса, даёт возможность избежать трудностей.

       Таким образом, анкетирование 50 учащихся 8–9 классов МОУ «Гимназия №29» позволило сделать вывод о том, что ученики 8 и 9 классов показали хороший уровень знаний английских идиом.

2.3  Анализ содержания зарубежной литературы на примере  произведений Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень»,                              В.Шекспира «Гамлет»

Для решения поставленного вопроса были произведены исследования зарубежной литературы с целью подтверждения актуальности этой темы в различных источниках, наиболее доступных и признанных человеком.

В произведении Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень»,    знакомство с идиомами происходит с самого начала истории и длится вплоть до завершения повествования. Большое количество идиом использовалось в описание состояния души и чувств автора и героев. Некоторые идиомы имели пояснения в конце книги, большее количество сопровождалось интересным описанием природы и внешности, явлений и поступков.

Писатели часто обращаются к идиомам, затрудняясь что то выразить или не находя подходящего сравнения. Использование неделимых, контрастирующих с монотонно идущим текстом фраз, предаёт тексту изящность, а героям, поступкам, чувствам этого рассказа изящность, чёткость и не обычность.

Для анализа было взято произведение Джаон Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень». В ходе исследования были выявлены некоторые идиомы, используемые автором.

 “At ease in bed” — «мирно нежиться в постели»

“All right, boys, behave!” — «А ну ребята не баловаться!»

“Apropos of nothing” – «ни с того, ни с сего»

“On the nose” – «ровно»

“They run amuck” – «Они точно с цепи срываются»

“How come” – «Как же это?!»

“I got lost mile back somewhere” – «Я уже давным — давно не понимаю, что ты говоришь»

“Hot diggety!” – «Вот здорово!»

“Get you down where you remember you got a nose again” – «возвращают с небес на землю»

“Dig in the earth, delve in the soul” – «копая землю, покопайся у себя в душе»

Out of the way»– «Прочь с дороги!»

“Mother‘s, scout’s, Injun’s honour” — «Вот честное пречестное»

“My bones shook fit to break” – «трясся как осиновый лист

“The one who loses last asks for terms” – «кто проиграет последним просит мира

“I’m set?!” – «Чего мне ещё надо?!»

“Watch out!” – «Осторожно!»

“If worst comes to worst” – «на самый худший конец»

“But look he does” –  «но он всё не унимается»

“Cry-yi, you figure it out”– «Видал ты когда-нибудь такое?»

“Runs helter — skelter” – «до смерти пугается»

“Hit on it” – «Попал в точку»

 “I’m full” – «Я сыт»

В произведении Вильяма Шекспира «Гамлет» в ходе исследования были выявлены некоторые идиомы, используемые автором:

The morn, in russet mantle clad «Вот и утро в розовом плаще»
O that this too too solid flesh would melt (р12, асt I, scene II, Line 135) В переводе Б. Пастернака: «О если б этот грузный куль мясной мог испариться».
O that a rogue and peasant slave am I (р58, асt II, scene II, Line 556) В переводе М. Лозинского: «О, что за дрянь я, что за жалкий раб!»
Sweets to the sweet! (р130, асt V, scene I, Line 239) В переводе Б. Пастернака: «Прекрасное прекрасной».
Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry (р 20, асt I, scene III, Line 81) долги наносят ущерб хозяйству.
More honored in the breach than the observance (р 23, асt I, scene IV, Line 19) Чаще нарушается, чем соблюдается.
Mast to be cruel only to be kind (р 93, асt III, scene IV, line 199) Чтоб добрым быть, я должен быть жестоким.
What is a man, if his chief good and market of his time be put to sleep and feed? F beast, no more (р102, асt IV, scene IV, line 35-36-37) Что человек, когда он занят лишь сном и едой? Животное, не больше.

Lay not that flattering unction to your soul» («Не обольщай себя надеждой», «Не тешься приятной мыслью») закреплено в словаре А.В. Кунина как, «To Lay a flattering unction to ones soul», то есть «утешать себя приятной мыслью».


      Игра словами, как отметил Гальперин, нашла свое ярчайшее применение в творчестве В. Шекспира. Каламбурность, яркая образность, обилие форм словесной игры важные особенности языка и стиля драматурга, которые и привлекают внимание читателя. Все эти выражения вошли в речевой фонд английского языка как крылатые выражения. Гальперин пишет, что использование такого рода словообразовательных моделей, которые, по его мнению, и объясняют силу и выразительность языка того или иного автора, было характерно для писателей XVI века и, в особенности, для Шекспира.

        Идиомы русского языка были с таким же успехом переведены на английский язык и использованы в произведениях, имеющих большой успех.

Заключение

  1. Анализ литературы позволил сделать вывод о том, что изучение английских идиом усиливает понимание языка, помогает понять национальную культуру страны, помогает сделать речь образной и эмоциональной.
  2. Анализ идиом, представленных в программе «English» позволил сделать вывод о том, что в данном учебнике представлены основные аспекты общения.
  3. Анкетирование 50 учащихся 8-9 классов гимназии позволило сделать вывод о том, что ученики 8 и 9 классов показали хороший уровень знаний английских идиом.
  4. Кроме того, в английской литературе на примере произведений Джоан Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень», В.Шекспира «Гамлет» также используется огромное количество идиом, которые  оживляют  речь, делают её более эмоциональной, позволяют представить описание событий, природы и чувств героев.
  5. Я считаю, что для повышения эффективности использования английских идиом возможно:
  • использовать идиомы регулярно на уроках английского языка;
  • использовать идиомы английского языка, отражающие основные компоненты общения при чтении английской литературы, в ходе воспитательной работы, на внеклассных мероприятиях.
  1. Приведен список идиом английского языка, отражающих основные компоненты общения (Приложение 4).

Список использованной литературы:

1. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева  И.В. Английский язык/ English: Учебник для         5 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.- Москва: Просвещение, 2014.- 336 с.: с ил.

2. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева  И.В. Английский язык/ English: Учебник для   6 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.- Москва: Просвещение, 2014.-  с.350: с ил.

3. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева  И.В. Английский язык/ English: Учебник для   7 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.- Москва: Просвещение, 2014.-  с.352: с ил.

4. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева  И.В. Английский язык/ English: Учебник для   8 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.- Москва: Просвещение, 2014.- с. 314: с ил.

5. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева  И.В. Английский язык/ English: Учебник для   9 кл. общеобразовательных учреждений.- Москва: Просвещение, 2014.-  с.280.: с ил.

6. Виноградов В.В. Об основных типах фразеологических единиц в русском языке // Виноградов В.В. Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография. – М.Наука, 1977. –  с. 145-161. Идиомы в английском языке. English idioms.
//
http://www.vesnianka.ru/articles/Lections/UK/English_Idioms.pdf     
7. П.Я. Гальперин  «Использование фразеологизмов в пьесах Шекспира»
8. Можалина К.Н. К определению понятия «идиома» в отечественной и зарубежной лингвистике // Научный журнал «Известия Самарского научного центра РАН». – 2011. — том 13. – № 2. – С. 680 – 685

9. Пашков А.А. Спецкурс «Идиомы английского языка» // Открытый класс.       Сетевые образовательные общества –http://www.openclass.ru/node/121809   [Электронный ресурс]
10. Шитова Л.Ф, Брускина Т.Л. Англо-русский словарь идиом и фразовых                                                глаголов.

Источники книг

1.  Дж. К. Роулинг (Joanne K. Rowling)/ Гарри Поттер и философский камень    (Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone). — Scholastic Press, 1998-с.327
2. Уильям Шекспир(
 Shakespeare William)/Гамлет(Hamlet) , Dover/2007.- с.122

Приложение 1

Идиомы английского языка, отражающие основные компоненты общения и социализации, используемые в программе «English»

Тема

5 класс

6 класс

7 класс

8 класс

9 класс

Cats (кошки)

“A fat cat” («Кто-то богатый и мощный»),                “To let the cat out of the bag” («Выдать секрет, тайну»), “Like cat and dog” («Очень плохо ладить с кем-то»),                  “Like a cat on hot bricks(on a hot tin roof” («Быть чересчур взволнованным, паниковать»), “Like the cat that got the cream” («Быть очень довольным»), “Put the cat among the pigeons” («Сердить кого-то»), “While the cat is away the mice will play” («Когда босс уходит, подчинённые начинают вести себя плохо»), “Has the cat got your tongue?” («Язык проглотил?», «Нечего сказать?»)

Colour idioms (Идиомы, связанные с цветами)

To give a black look(«Гневно взглянуть»),  “Once in a blue moon” («Очень редко, почти никогда»),                   “To be(feel) blue” («Грустить, быть в плохом настроении»), “To be like a red rag to a bull” («Действовать на кого либо, как красная тряпка на быка»),                           “A white elephant” («Дорогой, но бесполезный подарок»),                  “To be yellow” («Струсить, быть трусом»).

“Cast” (Идиомы со словом «Бросать»)

“To cast light on sth” («Пролить свет на что либо, обнаружить что-либо»), “To cast one’s mind back” («Вспомнить былое, прошлое»), “To cast sth from one’s mind”(«Прекратить думать о чём-либо»), “To cast a spell on/over sb” («Очаровывать»), “To cast a (one’s) vote” («Голосовать»), “To cast doubt on sth” («Ставить что-либо под сомнение»), “To cast one’s eyes down” («Потупить взор(глаза)»), “To cast sb or sth aside” («Отвергнуть кого-либо, что-либо»), “To be cast away” («Оказаться на необитаемом острове»), “The die is cast” («Выбор сделан, жребий брошен»)

“Head” (Идиомы со словом «Голова»)

“At the head of the table” («Во главе стола»), “To keep your head” («Сохранять спокойствие»), “To take something into your head” («Принимать что-либо во внимание»), “To have a good head on your shoulders” («Иметь голову на плечах»), “To lose your head” («Потерять голову»).

Приложение 2

Анкета для учащихся

  1. Дайте определение: идиома – это…
  2. Какие особенности идиом можете отметить?
  3. Сколько английских идиом вы можете назвать?
  4. Какие английские идиомы вы знаете? Приведите примеры.
  5. Когда и с какой целью используются идиомы?

Спасибо за ответы!

                                                                                                                Приложение 3

Практические рекомендации по использованию

в речи английских идиом

  1. Для того чтобы сделать Ваш английский «живым» — используйте идиомы! Если Вы знаете английский язык или немного знаете, хотите улучшить и использовать его знание, хотите увеличить свой словарный запас и хотите поддерживать себя в надлежащей языковой форме — используйте идиомы!
  2. Возьмите себе за правило каждый месяц изучать несколько идиом (например, объединенных одной темой).
  3. Создавайте предложения с идиомами самостоятельно. Важно не только понимать идиомы, но и научиться их грамотно использовать.
  4. Смотрите англоязычное кино, чтобы изучать идиомы, там их в изобилии.
  5. Просматривайте англоязычную литературу и справочную литературу, которая объясняет значение и происхождение идиом.

Приложение 4

Идиомы английского языка, отражающие основные компоненты общения

“to be a (real) cool cat” – «быть очень спокойным человеком»

“a fat cat” — «кто-то богатый и мощный»

“to let the cat out of the bag” — «выдать секрет, тайну»

“like cat and dog” — «очень плохо ладить с кем-то»

“like a cat on hot bricks — on a hot tin roof” — «быть чересчур взволнованным, паниковать»

 “like the cat that got the cream” — «быть очень довольным»

 “put the cat among the pigeons” — «сердить кого-то»

 “while the cat is away the mice will play” — «когда босс уходит, подчинённые начинают вести себя плохо»

 “has the cat got your tongue?” — «язык проглотил? », «нечего сказать?»

“to give a black look” — «гневно взглянуть»

 “once in a blue moon” — «очень редко, почти никогда»

“to be(feel) blue” — «грустить, быть в плохом настроении»

“to be like a red rag to a bull” — «действовать на кого либо, как красная тряпка на быка»

“a white elephant” — «дорогой, но бесполезный подарок»                                                “to be yellow” — «струсить, быть трусом»

“at the head of the table” — «во главе стола»

 “to keep your head” — «сохранять спокойствие»

 “to take something into your head” — «принимать что-либо во внимание»

 “to have a good head on your shoulders” — «иметь голову на плечах»

 “To lose your head” — «потерять голову»

“At ease in bed” — «мирно нежиться в постели»

“All right, boys, behave!” — «А ну ребята не баловаться!»

“Apropos of nothing” – «ни с того, ни с сего»

“On the nose” – «ровно»

shake a leg (поторапливайся!)

all thumbs (неуклюжий, руки-крюки)

not have a leg to stand on (действовать неосновательно, поступать необоснованно)

get off someone’s back (слезть с чьей-то шеи, перестать докучать)

lemon (что-то дефективное)

out of the woods (вне опасности)

get up on the wrong side of the bed (встать не с той ноги, быть в плохом настроении)

out on a limb (в рискованном положении)

eating someone (съесть кого-то, докучать кому-то)

get the ax (быть уволенным)

in the hole (в долгах)

bite the bullet (стойко переносить трудную ситуацию)

face the music (мириться с последствиями)

blow it (испытать неудачу, провалиться)

at the end of one’s rope (на пределе способностей)

on one’s last legs (еле-еле душа в теле)

hot under the collar (чрезвычайно рассержен, в гневе)

on the line (под угрозой потери, может быть потерян

for a song (очень дёшево, за гроши)

make a splash (достичь успеха и привлечь к себе внимание)

have the world by the tail (быть успешным и счастливым)

sitting pretty (в счастливом, удобном положении)

feel like a million dollars (чувствовать себя прекрасно)

kick up one’s heels (праздновать, отмечать)

bury the hatchet (помириться, «зарыть топор»)

paint the town red (разгуляться, уйти в запой)

get away clean (избежать наказания)

come alive (оживиться и стать активным)

toot one’s own horn (хвастаться)

stick to one’s guns (защищать свою позицию)

get the ball rolling (начать действовать, запустить шар)

mind one’s P’s and Q’s (быть осторожным в речах и делах)

hang on (стойко держаться)

give it one’s best shot (усердно стараться, делать всё возможное)

make ends meet (сводить концы с концами)

get the jump on someone (опередить кого-то)

pull strings (воспользоваться влиянием)

spread oneself too thin (заниматься слишком многими делами одновременно)

go to bat for someone (помогать и поддерживать кого-то)

duck soup (лёгкий, не требующий усилий)

money talks (деньги — большая сила, «деньги говорят (сами за себя)»)

let sleeping dogs lie (не дразнить гусей)

shape up or ship out (веди себя как следует — или уходи!)

if the shoe fits, wear it (признай правду, смирись с фактами)

diffrent strokes for diffrent folks (на вкус, на цвет товарища нет)

bark worse than one’s bite (собака, которая лает, не кусает)

eyes are bigger than one’s stomach (глазами бы всё съел, да желудок мал)

put one’s money where one’s mouth is (поддержать слово делом)

the early bird catches the worm (ранняя пташка ловит червяка, кто рано встаёт — тому бог даёт)

people who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones (не бросай камни, если живёшь в стекляном доме)

all’s well that ends well (хорошо то, что хорошо кончается)

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