I have no word to say after watching this

1. Министерство образования Тульской области

2. ГОУ СПО «Чернский профессионально-педагогический колледж» Тульской области

11. УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСАЯ РАЗРАБОТКА

12. по английскому языку

« БЛИЗКИЕ ПО ЗНАЧЕНИЮ СЛОВА

С ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫМИ УПРАЖНЕНИЯМИ»

5. Разработчик :Демидова С.Н.

Чернь 2020

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

• Пояснительная записка

• Употребление so/such/too/enough

• Употребление make/do

• Употребление have/take

• Употребление say/tell/talk/speak

• Употребление look/glance/stare/scan/skim/see/watch

• Употребление cruise/voyage/journey/travel/trip/ tour/excursion/outing

• Употребление pitch/field/court/course/ring/rink/ judge/referee/umpire

• Употребление prescription/recipe/human/humane/treat/cure/heal

• Употребление sincere, honest, outspoken; sensible/sensitive; annoyed/anxious/frustrated/nervous

• Употребление affect/effect; ensure/insure/make sure; property/ownership/possessions/belongings

• Употребление remember /remind/revision/review; accident/incident/occasion/occurrence

• Употребление lend/borrow; receipt/cheque/cash/change; spend/waste

• Употребление wage/salary/income/royalty; commission/perks/bonuses; staff/team/crew

• Употребление valuable/invaluable/valueless/priceless skills/qualities/experience/qualifications

• Употреблениеdiscover/detect/invent/explore/develop/ investigation/research/survey

• Употребление electric/electrical/eligible/illegible/technical/technological/technology/techniques

• Употребление historic/historical/prehistoric;economic/economical/economy/economics;

effective/efficient

• Употребление pitch/voice/vocal; classic/classical/convenient/comfortable/suitable

• Употребление opportunity/possibility/collect/pick/gather; specially/especially

• Употребление audience/viewer/spectator/cast/refuse/deny/ been in/been to/gone to

• Употребление lone/lonely/alone; suit/fit/match/room/space

• Ответы

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Знание семантических особенностей лексических единиц и лексико-грамматических структур и умение использовать их в нужном контексте является важным условием для создания грамотного речевого высказывания на иностранном языке. Создание методической разработки продиктовано тем, что часто изучающие английский язык делают досадные ошибки в устной или письменной речи из-за незнания тонкостей в употреблении близких по значению слов или устойчивых словосочетаний, опираясь лишь на информацию, полученную из русско-английского словаря. Так, при переводе одного и того же слова с русского языка на английский в словаре предлагается несколько вариантов и требуется знать, какой из них следует использовать. Выбор нужного значения зависит от контекста, в котором употребляется интересующее нас слово,грамматических ограничений и требует знания особенностей употребления синонимичных слов и словосочетаний.

Учебно-методическая разработка предназначена для студентов всех специальностей и является дополнительным материалом к урокам английского языка.

Употребление so/such/too/enough

SUCH или SO

so + прилагательное/наречие so + many/much/few/little + существительное such (a/an) + существительное such (a/an) + прилагательное + существительное such + a lot of + существительное Артикль a/an используется с исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе.	She is so beautiful! I’ve got so many friends! He is such a bore! My Mum is such a wonderful cook! We’ve spent such a lot of money.
За предложением с so/such может следовать придаточное предложение с союзом that: It was such a nice day that we decided to go for a walk.

TOO или ENOUGH

too + прилагательное/наречие +(for sb/sth) + to+V (not) + прилагательное/наречие +enough + (for smb) + to+V (not) enough + существительное + (for sb/sth) + to+V

He is too young to watch this film. He isn’t old enough to watch this film. There isn’t enough time for us to do this work properly.

1. Вставьте so, such, such a, too или enough.

1. He’s difficult to understand because he speaks_________quickly.

2. Jack isn’t tall __________to play basketball.

3. I like Tom and Ann. They’re ________nice people

4. It was a great holiday. We had __________good time.

5. This test is_________ easy for me. I would like a more difficult one.

6. I was surprised that he looked_________ well after serious illness.

7. The weather is ________bad today for having a picnic.

8. Everything is___________ expensive these days, isn’t it?

9. I can get lost in this city because I don’t know it well__________.

10. I have to go. I didn’t realise it was__________ late.

11. He always looks good. He wears ________nice clothes.

12. It was_________ boring film that I fell asleep while I was watching it.

13. I couldn’t believe the news. It was _______shock for me.

14. There wasn’t ___________air in the room so I opened the window.

15. They’ve got ___________much money, they don’t know what to do with it.

2. Вставьте so, such, such a, too или enough.

1. I didn’t realise you lived ____________long way from the city center.

2. The food at the restaurant was __________awful. I’ve never eaten tasteless food.

3. I think she works _________hard for her age. She looks tired all the time.

4. The weather is __________lovely today! I didn’t expect it to be nice day.

5. I can’t decide what to do. It’s _________difficult problem and we’ve got little time to solve it.

6. It’s ________hot here that I can’t breathe! Can’t we open a window?

7. There weren’t ___________people to begin a meeting.

8. We ate________ delicious food. However, the portions were big for me.

9. Mary is ____________beautiful! She’s got lovely hair!

10. We had to pay___________ high price for our hotel in London that we didn’t have_______ money to spend on presents.

Употребление make/do

Перед тем как приступить к выполнению упражнений, запомните слова, с которыми сочетаются глаголы make и do.

Dо

Make

a crossword a favour a job a lot of damage a service a subject at school a translation an examination an exercise an experiment badly/well business harm/good justice lessons miracles/wonders one’s best/worst one’s duty one’s hair/teeth one’s homework repairs research right/wrong someone a good turn sth for a living the housework the shopping the washing;up

a bargain a cake/pizza a choice a complaint a compliment a contribution to a decision a difference a discovery a fool of a fortune a guess a living a loss a mess a mistake a phone call a profit a promise a request a reservation a suggestion a speech a trip/journey a will an appointment an arrangement an attempt an effort an example of smb an exception an excuse (for) an impression an offer certain/sure ends meet friends (with sb) fun of sb/sth marks on the wall matters/things worse money noise one’s way back/home peace/war preparations progress sense time (for) the bed (the best) use of the most/best (of sth) the/some coffee trouble up one’s mind way for yourself at home

3. Вставьте глаголы do и make в правильной форме.

1. Don’t forget to _______your teeth before you go to bed.

2. Exercise can _______a big difference to your health.

3. He finds it difficult to_______ friends.

4. I hate__________ housework.

5. I’d like to___________ an appointment with Doctor Evans, please.

6. I’ve __________a complaint to the police about the noise.

7. __________certain that we have enough juice for the party.

8. You _________the washing up and I’ll do the drying.

9. Many students are finding it difficult to ends_________ meet.

10. Scientists are planning to ________experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug.

11. She had to __________some very difficult decisions.

12. What do you_________ for a living?

13. _______yourself at home while I go and find those photographs.

14. Neat clothes usually__________ a good impression on people.

15. Try not to___________much noise when you go upstairs.

4. Прочитайте текст о влиянии техники на подростков и вставьте глаголы do и make в правильной форме.

Many experts point out that technology has put new emphasis on writing. Nowadays teens are increasingly using their mobiles and computers for communicating. They use a new form of their language, which affects their writing abilities. Special research, which has been (1)recently, shows that teens who regularly use text messaging (2) more mistakes in writing. Technology makes teens lazy. Many teenagers rely on technology to do all their work and some of them can’t even

(3) simple maths without a calculator. Another bad effect of using technology is addiction. Computer addicts don’t (4) their homework properly and neglect their everyday duties. To avoid this, parents ought to (5) sure that social networking and chatting happen after homework is over, or at timed intervals.

Excessive computer use can result in obesity since fats are not removed from the body. Parents don’t always (6) an effort to promote more physical activitiesfor their children, and teens sink deeper into the life of physical inactivity. To (7) matters worse, radiation from mobile phones, TV and computer screens

(8) harm to teens’ health leading to serious diseases. That is why it (9) sense for parents to limit the time teens spend using technology and increase the time for sports activities. We shouldn’t reject technology.

We should know how to (10) the best use of it.

Употребление have/take

Have	Take	Have/take
(an) experience a chat a dance a dream a drink a headache/toothache a lesson a meal a meeting a party/celebration a picnic a quarrel a say a smoke a talk a try/a go a word an accident an argument an effect on sb an operation confidence in difficulty in dinner/lunch, etc. fun no idea (of) no intention of no respect for something to eat trouble with	a decision a deep/long breath a message a photo(graph)/a picture a pill a risk a taxi a test/an exam action advantage of an exam care (of) measures no notice of one’s medicine orders part in pity place power pride in smb’s advice sth for granted sth into account take one’s chance the bus/train/metro, etc. the lead the trouble turns	(no/an) interest in a seat a bath/ a shower a break a chance a guess a holiday a look (at) a nap a rest/ а break a swim a walk control of control over responsibility (for) time

5. Вставьте глаголы have и take в правильнойформе.

1. Mr. Jackson, can I ______a word with you, please. It’s very important.

2. Could you _______care of my hamster while I’m on holiday, please?

3. My parents’ divorce _________a big effect on me.

4. They were always together so I just _____________it for granted that they were married.

5. Choosing a future career, we should _________into account our preferences and abilities.

6. I’m absolutely free today. Let’s _________dinner together.

7. James _________an accident at work and had to go to hospital.

8. I _______no trouble finding the address on the Internet.

9.We____________ great pride in Russia’s scientific achievements.

10. We were late for the train so we _________a taxi.

11. It’s a pity that my father ________-no notice of my hobby.

12. Unfortunately, many tourists __________no respect for the countries they visit.

13. Susan ______a deep breath and started to speak.

14. Last year I ___________part in different competitions.

15. The 2014 Winter Olympics ___________place in Russia.

6. Прочитайте текст об экологических проблемах и вставьте глаголы have или take в правильной форме.

Green woods with animals, insects, mushrooms, berries and fresh water with fish in it is something we (1)

for granted today. Nevertheless, natural resources are not endless, and if we don’t (2) action now, soon we will (3) difficulty finding blueberries in the forest or a glass of clean water to drink. Scientists are still (4)

an argument, being unable to point out the main threats to the environment. Now it’s time we (5) a decision! We want everyone to (6) part in protecting our environment. By (7) advantage of our knowledge

and our experiences we’ll steadily improve our environmental work. First of all, we should (8) control of factories and plants that pour their waste into rivers and lakes. They must (9) responsibility for treating the waste they produce. Secondly, we must (10) measures to stop the destruction of our environment. Most people (11) no idea how many trees are cut down annually to make furniture or paper. However, deforestation may (12) a negative effect on the climate of our planet. Furthermore, people (13) no respect for animals killing them for their meat, skin or fur. If we (14) no notice of all these violent actions and misuse our natural resources, we will finally (15) trouble living on Earth!

Употребление say/tell/talk/speak

say	В прямой речи: Tom said, ‘This is great!’ В косвенной речи (said that): Tom said (that) he might be late. В устойчивых словосочетаниях: say your prayers, say yes/no, say a few words, say something (nothing, etc.),the letter says, the newspaper says, the clock says, the label says, people say …, let’s just say (that)…, have sth to say
tell	В косвенной речи (told somebody): Tom told his friend that he would visit London. В устойчивых словосочетаниях: tell sb about sth, tell sb to do sth, tell sb (that), tell the twins apart, tell a mile off, tell tales, tell a story, tell a joke, tell the truth, tell a lie
talk	To talk about означает «обсуждать что-то в неформальной обстановке»: We talked about our school for hours. Говорить, произносить слова: How do babies learn to talk? В устойчивых словосочетаниях: talk to/with sb, talk sense, talk nonsense/rubbish
speak	Говорить на каком;либо языке: to speak English, to speak French Говорить громко/тихо/четко: to speak loudly/quietly She spoke the words as clearly she I could. В разговоре по телефону: ‘Hello, may I speak to Mr.Langdon?’ ‘Yes, speaking.’ To speak about something употребляется в более формальном контексте (to give a talk on sth): The mayor will be speaking at their graduation ceremony. В устойчивых словосочетаниях: speak to/with sb; generally/strictly speaking, speak for itself, speak for yourself, speaking of …, to be on speaking terms speak Говорить на каком—либо языке: to speak English, to speak French Говорить громко/тихо/четко: to speak loudly/quietly She spoke the words as clearly she I could. В разговоре по телефону: ‘Hello, may I speak to Mr.Langdon?’ ‘Yes, speaking.’ To speak about something употребляется в более формальном контексте (to give a talk on sth): The mayor will be speaking at their graduation ceremony. В устойчивых словосочетаниях: speak to/with sb;generally/strictly speaking, speak for itself, speak for yourself, speaking of …, to be on speaking terms

7. Вставьте глаголы say, tell, speak или talk в правильной форме.

1. When Jack saw me yesterday, he______ ‘You look great!’

2. Generally __________, it’s quite a good hospital.

3. He ________us the answer an hour ago.

4. I’m going to___________ something to the neighbours about the noise.

5. The teacher was very upset by our misbehaviour and__________ to us angrily.

6. You do sense sometimes, __________James.

7. The clock __________it’s five past ten.

8. It’s impossible to ___________the twins apart.

9. Simon to his mother_____________ on the phone every week.

10. Do we always have to____________ the truth?

8. Вставьте глаголы say, tell, speak или talk в правильной форме.

1. The policeman__________ me to follow him to the nearest police station, which wasn’t very far.

2. She___________ goodbye to her parents and left.

3. I’ve never__________ a lie in my whole life.

4. If you aren’t in a hurry, let’s __________about your future marriage.

5. The lecturer is going to__________ about the modern novel.

6. Could you____________ us a few words about yourself?

7. Look! The label __________it was produced in France.

8. At the age of 10, Julia ___________already three foreign languages.

9. ‘Close the door,’ _____________my father angrily. He didn’t want me to bother him.

10. My sister could _____________already when she was two.

Употребление look/glance/stare/scan/skim/see/watch

look	посмотреть на что;л./кого;л. (look at sth/sb): David looked at his watch. выглядеть: ‘You look gorgeous!’ said my sister. быть похожим на кого;либо (to look like sb): Jane looks like her mother. She has got the same hair and eyes.
glance	бросить взгляд, взглянуть мельком, бегло просмореть: Robin glanced around the cafe. Can you glance through my report, please?
stare	пристально глядеть, уставиться; вглядываться: Don’t stare at people like that, it’s rude.
skim	бегло просматривать что—либо: I’ve only had time to skim over the plans for the new buildings.
scan	внимательно осматривать с целью поиска: She was nervous and kept scanning the crowd for Paul.
see	видеть, увидеть: I can’t see very well so I have to wear glasses.
watch	смотреть, наблюдать: She watched the children playing football.

9.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Глаголы необходимо поставить в правильную форму.

glance stare look skim scan see (2) watch

1. Susanna___________ quickly at her watch. She was going to be late.

2. Cats _________in the dark better than people.

3. When I called Jack yesterday, he was still __________TV.

4. I’ve only __________his letter; I haven’t read it carefully yet.

5. I’m sure I have never____________ this man before.

6. Chuck sat quietly for hours _____________into the distance, thinking of what might have been.

7. You _____________worried today! Has anything happened?

8. Dave ____________the horizon for any sign of the boat.

Употребление historic/historical/prehistoric;economic/economical/economy/economics;

effective/efficient

historic	исторический, имеющий историческое значение, исторически важный, знаменательный	historic speech/visit, historic day/date, a historic place/ monument/building/city; collection of historic aircraft Our victory is a historic event for all mankind.
historical	исторически установленный; относящийся к истории, связанный с историей	historical film, historical novel, historical period, historical science The Abbey is a major historical monument.
prehistoric	доисторический	prehistoric animals/carvings/ remains/times
economic	экономический. Используйте слово ‘economic’ для описания того, что относится к сфере экономики страны	economic activity/crisis/ development/ downturn/ growth/policy/recovery/ reform/ slowdown/benefits Economic growth is slowing down.
economical	бережливый, расчетливый, экономичный, экономный	economical cars/ways/movement/person It’s more economical to go by bus.
economy	экономичный, ресурсосберегающий, выгодный,дешевый	economy class, economy car,economy pack
economy	народное хозяйство, экономика; бережливость, расчет, экономия	a market/capitalist/planned/black economy The gas was turned off for reasons of economy.
economics	экономика как наука, экономическая политика	to study economics, an economics teacher He studied economics at Glasgow University.
effective	эффективный, действующий, результативный	It’s an extremely effective cure for a headache. She’s a very effective teacher.
efficient	работающий быстро, эффективно, результативно, организованно	The city’s transport system is one of the most efficient in Europe. We need someone really efficient who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.

10. Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения.

historic historical economy economics economic economical effective efficient

1. Any occurrence in the past is a _________event.

2. The hotel’s staff are friendly and __________.

3. The US has been the world’s largest national ____________since the 1890s.

4. What’s the most __________way of heating this building?

5. A __________event is an important occurrence that stands out in history.

6. My brother wants to enter the Higher School of ____________in Moscow.

7. Humour is often far more __________than shouting.

8. The country has been in a very poor___________ state in recent years.

Употребление cruise/voyage/journey/travel/trip/ tour/excursion/outing

cruise	круиз, путешествие на корабле с посещением нескольких мест	She went on a cruise and visited Greece, Italy and Spain.
voyage	плавание, длительное морское путешествие; космическое путешествие	a voyage across the Atlantic a sea/ocean/round;the world voyage maiden voyage (=the first voyage of a ship) He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.
journey	поездка, путешествие из одного пункта в другой (обычно сухопутное и на транспортном средстве/часто утомительное)	a long/safe/tiring journey; a journey through time start/ set out on/set off on a journey I love going on long journeys. Have a safe journey!
travel	путешествие (процесс)	air/space/business/foreign travel travel agency/expenses/ card/insurance We share a love of literature, food and travel. Travel broadens the mind.
trip	путешествие (обычно недолгое), коротка поездка, экскурсия	a business/shopping/ wedding/school trip around the world trip; a day trip to Paris Do you want to go on a school trip to France? The trip from York to Newcastle takes about an hour by train.
tour	длительное путешествие с целью осмотра достопримечательностей; гастроли; спортивное турне; политическая поездка	a guided tour/ a tour guide; a world/overseas tour; a walking/coach/bus/ cycling tour A bus took us on a sightseeing tour of the city. The Queen is making a two week tour of Australia.
excursion	организованная экскурсия в интересное место (обычно группой людей)	a one day excursion to the Grand Canyon Next week we’re going on an excursion to the Museum of Modern Art.
outing	прогулка, короткая групповая поездка с развлекательной целью, пикник	a pleasant family outing an outing to a bowling alley

11.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. При необходимости употребите существительные во множественном числе.

cruise voyage trip tour travel journey excursion outing

1. We went on a guided of the UK.

2. The first taken by the ocean liner

‘Queen Mary’ took place in 1936.

3. Foreign never really appealed to him

until he visited England.

4. The Australian Museum offers group

with professional guides.

5. She’s away on a business and won’t be

back until next week.

6. They used to go on family to the

countryside.

7. Our parents wished us a safe as we

drove away.

8. My parents went on a/an around the Mediterranean.

Употребление pitch/field/court/course/ring/rink/ judge/referee/umpire

pitch	(Br) поле, площадка	a cricket/hockey/football/rugby pitch Supporters invaded the pitch.
field	(Am) поле, спортивная площадка (покрытая травой)	a baseball/football/rugby/soccer/ playing/ sports field The England striker left the field with a knee injury.
court	корт (площадка для игры в теннис, баскетбол и т.д)	a tennis/squash/basketball/ volleyball court The hotel has two tennis courts.
course	поле для гольфа, место проведения гонок (скаковой круг на ипподроме, гоночный круг, лыжня)	a golf course/cross country course horses for courses The country club has a golf course. The race was run on the turf course.
ring	арена цирка, ринг (боксерский, для борьбы)	a boxing/wrestling ring We manufacturer Boxing Rings and Wrestling Rings.
rink	ледовый каток	a ice/ice hockey/skating/roller skating rink
judge	судья (должностное лицо в суде); судья (тот,кто выносит оценку), знаток,ценитель; арбитр (на выставке, соревнованиях)	a British high court judge; a US Supreme Court judge a panel of judges The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. She’s such a bad judge of character. All entries will be examined by a panel of judges.
referee	судья в некоторых видах спортивных состязаний (футбол,рэгби); третейский судья, арбитр в споре рекомендатель,поручитель	The referee is the sole judge of the rules. Liverpool only lost the game because the referee was biased. A senior judge is acting as referee in the pay dispute between the trade union and management. She gave her college tutor as her referee to the interviewer.
umpire	судья в некоторых видах спортивных состязаний (теннис, бейсбол, крикет)	He has been chosen as an umpire for the next cricket test match.

12.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

pitch course court ring rink referee umpire judge

1. We’ve got a tennis near our country

house.

2. In tennis a(n) is an on court official.

3. Hundreds of boxing fans crowded around the

with cameras in hands.

4. A High Court found him innocent.

5. What is the standard size of a football ?

6. This skating was built in 1948, making

it the oldest one in the state.

7. A golf consists of a series of holes.

8. A football match is presided over by a(n) ,

9.who has authority to make decisions about the game.

Употребление prescription/recipe/human/humane/treat/cure/heal

prescription	рецепт врача, предписание	a doctor’s prescription; a prescription for sedatives These drugs are only available on prescription.
recipe	кулинарный рецепт; готовый рецепт чего-либо, верный способ сделать что-то	Do you know a good recipe for whole meal bread? be a recipe for disaster/trouble/success Large; scale inflation is a recipe for disaster.
human	человеческий, свойственный человеку	a human life/body/remains/being/error The human body is composed of about 60% water.
humane	гуманный, человечный; гуманитарный	The humane way of dealing with a suffering animal is to kill it quickly.
treat	проводить курс лечения; обращаться с кем-либо; обсуждать, решать проблему	He is being treated for a rare skin disease. He treated his wife very badly. Please treat this matter as urgent.
cure	излечивать,исцелять	In the past doctors couldn’t cure tuberculosis/cure people of tuberculosis.
heal	заживать (о ранах и травмах); лечить после травмы; вылечивать, исцелять нетрадиционными методами	The wounds were gradually healing (up). A broken heart takes a long time to heal. Vitamin K is needed for healing cuts. the healing properties of plants

13. Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы в правильную форму.

prescription recipe human humane cure heal treat (2)

1. My parents…. us all the same when we were kids.

2. A brain is much bigger than that of a …chimpanzee.

3. Doctors have learned to…. many formerly fatal diseases.

4. Could you give me a… for your apple pie?

5. I don’t support the death penalty because it is not ….to kill people.

6. In this hospital patients are…. with a combination of medication and exercise.

7. The doctor gave me a ….for a new medicine.

8. My wound has already …

Употребление sincere, honest, outspoken; sensible/sensitive;annoyed/anxious/frustrated/nervous

sincere	чистосердечный, искренний: искренний человек говорит и поступает так, как думает	Не is a modest and sincere man. sincere apologies
honest	честный, подлинный: честный человек никогда не лжет и соблюдает законы	Most young people are decent and honest. honest opinion/answer/ mistake the honest truth to be honest with sb to earn an honest living
outspoken	искренний, откровенный, открытый: откровенный человек, открыто высказывает свое мнение, даже если другим это не нравиться	an outspoken critic of the government The outspoken activist protested the budget cuts.
annoyed	недовольный, раздосадованный, раздраженный	She was annoyed with the children. He was annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting. My parents were rather annoyed (that) I hadn’t told them about the accident.
anxious	беспокоящийся,озабоченный, потому что может случиться что-либо плохое; сильно желающийсделать что-либо	an anxious glance My mother always gets a bit anxious if we are late. The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest. I’m anxious to get home to open my presents.
frustrated	расстроенный, не; довольный из;за не; возможности достичь желаемого; отчаявшийся из-за чего-либо; удрученный чем-либо; безуспешный	frustrated at / with smth He gets so frustrated at not being able to do things for himself any more. Are you feeling frustrated in your present job? Frustrated writers often end up in publishing.
nervous	нервничающий (взволнованный и слегка напуганный предстоящим); нервный, относящийся к нервной системе	Do you feel/get nervous during exams? I was too nervous to speak. I was very nervous about driving again after the accident. He suffers from a nervous disorder.
sensible	благоразумный, разумный	It was sensible of her to put off her holiday
sensitive	чувствительный, ранимый, впечатлительный; чуткий, восприимчивый	Laura is very sensitive to criticism. He is very sensitive to the needs of the disabled.

14.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения.

sincere honest outspoken annoyed frustrated nervous sensible sensitive

1. My sister has got a very …skin.

2. …people get into trouble because they speak before they think.

3. Some parents get very …at the inability to control their children.

4. I want to express my… apologies for what I said.

5. My parents were rather… that I hadn’t done my homework.

6. It’s a very way of dealing with this…problem.

7. Do you get… during exams?

8. To be …I don’t think it’s a good idea to invite my cousin to stay with us.

Употребление affect/effect; ensure/insure/make sure; property/ownership/possessions/belongings

affect	наносить вред, ущерб; оказывать воздействие, влиять; волновать, затрагивать	Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. The divorce affected every aspect of her life. I was deeply affected by the film.
effect	результат, следствие, эффект; влияние, воздействие	to have/produce an effect I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any effect.
ensure	обеспечивать, гарантировать	The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.
insure	страховать, застраховывать	The house is insured for two million pounds against accidental damage.
make sure	убедиться, удостовериться	Make sure you lock the door when you go out.
property	имущество, собственность (вещи, земля, здания)	Personal/private property, intellectual property The notice said ‘Private Property, Keep Off.’
ownership	собственность, владение, право собственности	Do you have any proof of ownership of/for this car? Rates of home ownership have remained relatively constant.
possessions	имущество, личные вещи	Please remember to take all your personal possessions with you when you leave the plane. treasured/precious possession
belongings	имущество, личные вещи, пожитки	I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time.

15.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы в правильную форму.

property ownership possession belongings affect effect ensure insure make sure

1. The government must… the protection of endangered species.

2. Air pollution has a disastrous …on people’s health.

3. What is your most… treasured ?

4. I think I’ve locked the door but you’d better make…

5. British of this company was formally…recognized.

6. Industrial waste badly… our environment.

7. The sign said, ‘Private … No Trespassing.’

8. We have our house against flood damage.

9. He had few personal …

Употребление remember /remind/revision/review; accident/incident/occasion/occurrence

remember	помнить, хранить в памяти; вспоминать, припоминать; не забыть сделать что-либо; передавать привет кому-либо	I can remember people’s faces, but not their names. Did you remember to do the shopping? Please remember me to your parents.
remind	напомнить, сделать напоминание (about sth/to do sth);(of) напоминать, быть похожим	Could you remind Paul about dinner on Saturday? Your hair and eyes remind me of your mother.
review	обзор, обозрение; критическая статья, рецензия на фильм/книгу	Several aspects of environmental policy are currently under review. The play got excellent reviews when it was first seen.
revision	исправление, переработка; повторение, подготовка к экзамену	He was forced to make several revisions to his speech. She did no revision, but she still got a very high mark at the exam.
occasion	возможность, случай, шанс; происшествие, случай; важное событие	We met on several occasions to discuss the issue. The coronation of a new king is, of course, a historic occasion.
incident	случай, происшествие (часто неприятное или необычное), инцидент	funny/curious/unpleasant/ strange/incident A teenager was seriously injured in a shooting incident on Saturday night.
accident	несчастный случай, катастрофа, авария	She was injured in a car/ road accident by accident = случайно
occurrence	явление, случай; частота, распространенность	common/daily/everyday/ frequent/rare/occurrence Unfortunately, computer errors are a common occurrence. The occurrence of cancer increases with age.

16. Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, существительные во множественное число.

accident incident occasion occurrence review revision remember remind

1. I… buying this book. However, I can’t find it anywhere.

2. He was killed in a… car .

3. I had no to speak to him.

4. We have absolutely no time for… before our exams.

5. Street fights are an everyday …in this area of the city.

6. Please …me to buy this book when we are in the shop.

7. Every time I think of this funny , I can’t help laughing.

8. Roger writes film for the newspapers.

Употребление lend/borrow; receipt/cheque/cash/change; spend/waste

lend	одалживать, давать взаймы	She lent the money to him.
borrow	занимать деньги; брать что-либо на время	You could borrow some money from your uncle. He borrowed a novel from the library.
receipt	квитанция; товарный, кассовый чек	Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.
cheque	банковский чек на получение денег	a bad cheque; to cash a cheque; a cheque card I wrote him a cheque for Ј50. I don’t have any cash on me, so could I pay with a/by cheque?
cash	Наличные деньги	Do you want to pay in cash or by credit card?
change	сдача; мелкие деньги, мелочь	Here’s your change. I’m sorry I haven’t got any change.
spend	тратить, расходовать деньги; проводить время .	We’ve just spent Ј2 million on improving our computer network. He spent a weekend in London
waste	тратить впустую; терять даром	She wastes money on gambling.

17.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы и существительные в правильную форму.

lend borrow receipt cheque cash change spend waste

1. It’s important to be able to… money wisely.

2. Sorry, I don’t have any cash now. Can I pay by…

3. Have you got… for a twenty dollar bill?

4. She really …money buying loads of clothes.

5. If you need money, I can… you $200.

6. Do you have any …on you?

7. He always paid by credit card and kept the… .

8. She used to money from her brother.

Употребление wage/salary/income/royalty; commission/perks/bonuses; staff/team/crew

wage(s)	сдельная заработная плата (рабочих, официантов), обычно выплачивается еженедельно	an hourly/daily/weekly wage He gets/earns a good wage, because he works for a fair employer. The smaller shops pay very low wages.
salary	жалованье, заработная плата (служащего); оклад	an annual salary of Ј20,000 His net monthly salary is Ј1,500.
income	доход, прибыль (от выполненной работы или капиталовложений)	annual/monthly/net/fixed/ taxable income More help is needed for people on low incomes.
royalty	авторский гонорар (писателям, музыкантам, изобретателям), роялти	Royalties are paid to the patent owner in exchange for a licence.
commission	комиссия, комиссионное вознаграждение — форма оплаты труда для тех, кто продает товар или услуги — процент от продажи	Is she paid a regular wage or is it on/by commission only? She gets a 15% commission on every machine she sells
perk	льгота или привилегия, получаемые при определеной должности на работе (бесплатный автомобиль или телефон); преимущество	A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. Having such easy access to some of the best cinema and theatre is one of the perks of living in Sydney.
bonus	премия, награда, приз; дополнительное преимущество	Customers will receive a free tape as a bonus with any order over Ј30. I love the job, and it’s an added bonus that it’s so close to home.
benefit	выгода, польза, прибыль; преимущество; пенсия, пособие	The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town. unemployment/housing/ sickness/ disability benefit; I’m on benefit at the moment.
team	спортивная команда; команда как группа лиц, выполняющих одну работу и действующих согласовано; коллектив	a basketball/hockey/cricket/ football team home/visiting/national/rival team a team of investigators/ editors team to work in a team It was a real team effort; everyone contributed something to the success of the project.
crew	судовая команда, экипаж (корабля,самолета); съемочная группа	an ambulance/lifeboat crew a TV/film/camera crew The aircraft has a crew of seven.
staff	штат служащих в организации; служебный персонал; личный состав; кадры; штаты	It is a small hospital with a staff of just over a hundred. He is on (= a member of) the editorial staff of the magazine.

18.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. При необходимости поставьте существительные во множественное число.

wage salary commission perks bonuses team crew staff

1. Free meals are one of the… of this job.

2. Cruise ships resemble giant… floating hotels employing thousands of members.

3. …on sales is a traditional way for companies to pay their sales reps.

4. There is a good relationship between…and pupils at the school.

5. His monthly… is 500.

6. They are the worst… in baseball.

7. We receive annual… at the end of the year.

8. What’s the starting hourly… for a waiter at Olive Garden?

Употребление valuable/invaluable/valueless/priceless skills/qualities/experience/qualifications

valuable	ценный, дорогостоящий; ценный, полезный	Gold is more valuable than silver. It’s extremely valuable to know foreign languages.
invaluable	бесценный, неоценимый, важный	The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. Such data will prove invaluable to/for researchers.
valueless	ничего не стоящий, не имеющий ценности, бесполезный	We thought the chair was an antique worth a lot of money, but it turned out to be a valueless replica. His comments were so general as to be nearly valueless.
priceless	бесценный, неоценимый	A priceless collection of vases was destroyed. Her knowledge and experience would make her a priceless (= extremely useful) asset to the team.
skills	навыки, умения	The course helped me to gain necessary speaking skills.
qualities	качества, свойства	personal/leadership qualities Do you possess the right personal qualities to be a teacher?
qualifica; tions	диплом, аттестат, степень, удостоверение	Simon left school with no qualifications.
experience	опыт; случай, событие; впечатления	get/gain experience in sth. You don’t need any experience to work here. I had a bad experience in the last place I worked.

19.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, существительные во множественное число.

valuable (2) invaluable valueless priceless skills qualities qualification experience

1. This collection of manuscripts is not very…

2. Ron had great writing …

3. I don’t want to sell this antique furniture. I think it’s … .

4. We decided not to buy that painting because it was absolutely… .

5. She has years of… in the computer industry.

6. The results of this research will be extremely…for medicine.

7. His personal… made him a strong leader.

8. The Internet is an… resource for students.

9. Gregory finished special courses and got recognized…in design.

Употреблениеdiscover/detect/invent/explore/develop/ investigation/research/survey

discover	обнаружить, найти или выяснить что-либо в первый раз	We had been looking for the missing papers all morning and finally discovered them in a drawer.
detect	обнаружить, выявить, заметить (то, что с трудом различимо)	to detect a target/ leak/ defect/ fault Financial experts have detected signs that the economy is beginning to improve. I thought I detected a hint of irony in her words.
invent	изобрести, создать что-то новое;выдумывать, сочинять,измышлять	The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. But I didn’t invent the story — everything I told you is true.
explore	исследовать, изучать; пробовать, экспериментировать	The children have gone exploring the island. Let’s explore this issue/idea more fully.
develop	развивать(ся), совершенствовать(ся), расти	This country is rapidly developing its tourist industry.
investigation	расследование (преступления, обстоятельств), следствие	a thorough investigation of the incident Currently, the individuals who might have caused the accident are subject to/under investigation.
research	научное исследование, изучение, исследовательская работа	scientific/medical research a research student/assistant/ laboratory They are carrying out/ conducting/doing some fascinating research into/on the language of dolphins.
survey	опрос, анкетирование, обзор, инспекция	A recent survey found/ revealed/showed that 58% of people did not know where their heart is. to conduct/carry out/do a survey
tool	инструмент, орудие труда; средство	kitchen/gardening/dental/ machine tools a set of tools Words are essential tools for formulating and communicating thoughts.
appliance	аппарат, прибор, приспособление, устройство бытовые электроприборы	household/kitchen appliances We stock a wide range of domestic appliances, including fridges and dishwashers. domestic electric appliances
gadget	приспособление, принадлежность (о технической новинке)	kitchen gadgets This expensive car is full of gadgets.
quip; ment	оборудование, оснащение	office/camping/safety/kitchen equipment electrical equipment A computer is the most important piece of equipment you will buy.

20.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы в правильную форму.

discover invent explore develop investigation research tools appliances equipment

1. Our scientific laboratory has got the latest…. Now it is really modern.

2. The best way…. to the countryside is on foot.

3. This crime is still …under by the police.

4. Thomas Edison… the phonograph.

5. All household… are now on sale in this shop.

6. The island has its economy around…tourism.

7. The group carries out… in the field of geochemistry.

8. Everyone knows that Christopher Columbus…America.

9. You need contemporary gardening …to keep your garden in good condition.

Употребление electric/electrical/eligible/illegible/technical/technological/technology/techniques

electric	электрический, работающий на электричестве; используемый для переноса электричества; относящийся к электричеству; наэлектризованный, возбужденный	an electric blanket/car/ kettle/light an electric drill/razor/ toothbrush an electric socket/plug/cable an electric current an electric performance The atmosphere here tonight is absolutely electric.
electrical	электрический, работающий на электричестве; от; носящийся к электричеству	electrical equipment/goods/ devices an electrical fuse/circuit/ fault an electrical engineer/ engineering The fire was caused by an electrical fault.
eligible	имеющий право; годный, пригодный, подходящий;	Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. You might be eligible for a grant.
illegible	неразборчивый, нечеткий	His writing is almost illegible.
technical a technical problem/ hitch/ glitch/fault technical support/expert/ college	технический, относящийся к технике; индустриальный, промышленный; техничный, хорошо исполненный	The job requires someone with specialized scientific and technical knowledge. In her performance as the Snow Queen she showed great technical brilliance.
technological	технологический, относящийся к новым технологиям	technological progress/ advances/change Technological advances in telecommunications will reduce the need for many people to travel to work.
technology	технология; современная техника; технические науки	high technology/information technology Modern technology is amazing, isn’t it? What this country needs is a Long term policy for investment in science and technology.
technique	техника, технические приемы; метод, методика, приемы	acting/ dance/ relaxation technique statistical/analytical/surgical techniques We have developed a new technique for detecting errors.

21.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения.

eligible illegible electric electrical technical technological technology techniques

1. The pianist gave an …performance.

2. Recent advances in medical …have saved countless lives.

3. We learned some… for relieving stress.

4. Are you for early retirement leave?

5. You can’t stop progress even if you want to do it.

6. …engineers design new and better electronics.

7. If you have any problems with your new computer, we offer 24 hour support.

8. Megan’s handwriting is absolutely… !

Употребление pitch/voice/vocal; classic/classical/convenient/comfortable/suitable

pitch	музыкальный слух; высота тона, звука	absolute/perfect pitch She sings well since she’s got perfect pitch. The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note).
voice	голос; способность петь, говорить	in a low/deep/bored voice a low;pitched/high;pitched voice She has a loud/quiet/soft voice. She lowered her voice to a whisper.
vocal	вокальная партия в музыкальном произведении, песня; вокал, пение	Who is on backing vocals? The vocals are shared by two members of the band.
classical	классический, от; носящийся к классическому стилю в музыке, литературе, живописи, образовании	the classical world classical music/composers classical art/literature/ mythology Do you enjoy classical music or pop music?
classic	типичный; строгий, традиционный; высококачественный	He had all the classic symptoms of flu. She wore a classic navy suit.
conven; ient	удобный, не вызывающий затруднений, подходящий	Our local shop has very convenient opening hours. A bike’s a very convenient way of getting around.
com; fortable	уютный, удобный, комфортабельный	a comfortable bed/sofa/shoes/ trousers I don’t feel comfortable in high heels. Do sit down and make yourself comfortable.
suitable	годный, подходящий, пригодный, применимый, соответствующий	The film is suitable for children. My mother doesn’t let me wear short skirts to church — she doesn’t think they’re suitable.

22.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения.

pitch voice vocal classical classic convenient comfortable suitable

1. Are you enough… in this chair?

2. Can I remove the… from a recording to make a Karaoke track?

3. If it’s …call me tomorrow before noon.

4. She plays the piano and she has absolute…

5. Hamlet is a …example of a tragedy.

6. These toys are not… for children under five.

7. I’ve got a cold and I think I’m losing my… I can’t talk at all.

8. I don’t mind listening to …music.

Употребление opportunity/possibility/collect/pick/gather; specially/especially

opportunity	удобный случай, благоприятная возможность; шанс, возможность, перспектива	equal opportunities I’d like to take this opportunity to thank all of you for coming. I was never given the opportunity of going to college.
possibility	вероятность, возможность того, что что-либо произойдет; возможность сделать что-либо	The forecast said that there’s a possibility of snow tonight. ‘Have you decided what to do?’ ‘No, I’m still considering various possibilities.
specially	особенно (очень); специально; нарочно	This is a specially good wine. These coats are specially treated to be water repellent.
especially	особенно, в особенности	She’s not especially interested in sport. It was a very cold house, especially in winter.
pick	собирать руками, снимать, срывать, поднимать; отбирать, набирать в группу	The spent the summer picking strawberries. The following season he was picked for the national team.
collect	собирать;коллекционировать	A lot of families collect newspapers for recycling. He collects stamps.
gather	собирать (искать и находить), копить; собираться	Our report is based on information gathered from all parts of the country. A crowd had gathered to hear her speak.

23.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы и существительные в правильную форму.

opportunity possibility collect pick gather specially especially

1. When did you start …stamps?

2. She has got a wheelchair that was made …for her.

3. One …for the weekend is to rent a car and go to the beach.

4. Football fans… around the TV in the corner of the bar and watched the match.

5. Young people, teenagers, enjoy extreme sports.

6. Modern machines can …the fruit from the trees.

7. People have more leisure… nowadays.

8. I went to several libraries to… information about my hobby.

Употребление audience/viewer/spectator/cast/refuse/deny/ been in/been to/gone to

audience	публика, зрители (в театре/ кино, на концерте/лекции); телезрители, радиослушатели как целевая ауди; тория	sympathetic/enthusiastic/ cold/responsive audience The audience was/were clearly delighted with the performance. The series has attracted an audience of more than 10 million.
viewer	зритель, наблюдатель, свидетель; теле/кинозритель	А painting showing a woman looking directly at the viewer. Millions of viewers will be glued to their sets for this match.
spectator	зритель, посетитель зрелищных (спортивных) мероприятий	The final game attracted a crowd of over 50,000 spectators.
cast	состав исполнителей (в спектакле, фильме)	Part of the film’s success lies in the strength of the supporting cast (= the actors who are not playing the main parts).
refuse	отвергать, отказаться сделать что-либо	On cold mornings the car always refuses to start.
deny	отрицать что сделал что-либо; отвергать, не признавать существования чего-либо; отказать кому; либо в чём-либо	to deny categorically/flatly/ strongly He denies committing fraud. It is hard to deny that Bob is a good man. Her request for time off work was denied.
have/has been to	побывал где-либо и вернулся	My father has been to London twice this year. I don’t think he’ll go there again.
have/has gone to	уехал куда-либо и ещё не вернулся	Mr. Smith has gone to London. I think he’ll be back in a week.
have/has been in	находится где-либо в течение некоторого времени	Mr. Smith has already been in London for three days.

24.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Поставьте, если необходимо, глаголы и существительные в правильную форму.

refuse deny audience viewer spectator cast been in been to gone to

1. After the final performance, the director threw a party for the… .

2. She is a regular… of the evening news.

3. My English pen friend has… Moscow for two days only so he hasn’t seen much yet.

4. The concert attracted a large… .

5. The postman was accused of stealing money from the post office but he… everything.

6. We can have a party tomorrow as my parents have… London on a business trip.

7. The lining the road cheered the racers on….

8. He offered to paint my house, but I …to hire him.

9. We have already… Great Britain. Let’s travel to the USA.

Употребление lone/lonely/alone; suit/fit/match/room/space

suit	подходить, идти, быть к лицу	This dress looks nice. It really suits you!
fit	быть впору, в самый раз, подходить по размеру	I like the suit, but the jacket doesn’t fit me. It’s too big.
match	подходить по цвету и форме, гармонировать; подходить под пару	She wore a green dress and a hat to match. This glove matches the one that was found at the crime scene.
alone	один (одни), без других людей; сам, в одиночку, без посторонней помощи	She was all alone in a dark forest. Was the killer acting alone?
lonely	одинокий, страдающий от одиночества	She has no friends so she feels lonely.
lone	одинокий, единственный; уединенный; замкнутый, предпочитающий одиночество	a lone house in the Berkshire moors
room	комната; место, пространство, площадь, необходимые для определенной цели	a spare/private/rest room She’s upstairs in her room. There isn’t much room in here. Is there room for one more in your car? There was just enough room for them all to sit down. This table takes up too much room.
space	свободное доступное пространство; пустота, космос; интервал времени, промежуток; расстояние между двумя точками, пробел	empty/parking/storage space I’ve got to make space for Mark’s things. He was absent mindedly staring into space. I love the wide open spaces (= large areas of countryside) of central Australia.

25.Вставьте слова из рамки в предложения. Глаголы необходимо поставить в правильную форму.

suit fit match alone lonely lone space room

1. We replaced the bath with a shower to create more….

2. She gets… now that all her friends have left the village.

3. This suit is the right size for you. It …you perfectly.

4. She must decide… what to do. No one else can do it for her.

5. There was a large empty… on the second floor.

6. Does this shirt… these trousers?

7. Police spokesman said that a/an… gunman was responsible for the shooting.

8. You should wear more red. This colour …you very well.

Ответы (Близкие по значению слова)

1. 1. so; 2. enough; 3. such; 4. such a; 5. too; 6. so, such a;

7. too; 8. so; 9. enough; 10. so; 11. such; 12. such a; 13. such a;

14. enough; 15. so;

2. 1. such a; 2. so, such; 3. too, so; 4. so, such a; 5. such a,

too; 6. so; 7. enough; 8. such, too; 9. so, such; 10. such a,

enough

3. 1. do; 2. make; 3.make; 4. doing; 5. make; 6. made;

7. Make; 8. do; 9. make; 10. do; 11 make; 12. do; 13. Make;

14. make; 15. make

4. 1. done; 2.make; 3. do; 4. do; 5. make; 6. make; 7. make;

8. does; 9. makes; 10. make

5. 1. have; 2. take; 3. had; 4. took; 5. take; 6. have; 7. had;

8. had; 9. take; 10. took; 11. takes; 12. have; 13. took; 14. took;

15. will take

6. 1. take; 2. take; 3. have; 4. having; 5. took; 6. take;

7. taking; 8. take; 9. take/have; 10. take; 11. have; 12. have;

13. have; 14. take; 15. have

7. 1. said; 2. speaking; 3. told; 4. say; 5. spoke; 6. talk;

7. says; 8. tell; 9. talks; 10. tell

8. 1. told; 2. said; 3. told; 4. talk; 5. speak; 6. tell; 7. says;

8. spoke; 9. said; 10. talk

9. 1. glanced/looked; 2. see; 3. watching; 4. skimmed;

5. seen; 6. staring; 7. look; 8. scanned/was scanning

10. 1. historical; 2. efficient; 3. economy; 4. economical;

5. historic; 6. Economics; 7. effective; 8. economic

11. 1. tour; 2. voyage; 3.travel; 4. excursions; 5. trip;

6. outings; 7. journey; 8. cruise

12. 1. court; 2. umpire; 3. ring; 4. judge; 5. pitch; 6. rink;

7. course; 8. referee

13. 1. treated; 2. human; 3. cure; 4. recipe; 5. humane;

6. treated; 7. prescription; 8. healed

14. 1. sensitive; 2. Outspoken; 3. frustrated; 4. sincere;

5. annoyed; 6. sensible; 7. nervous; 8. honest

15. 1. ensure; 2. effect; 3. possession; 4. make sure;

5. ownership; 6. affects; 7. Property; 8. insured; 9. belongings/

possessions

16. 1. remember; 2. accident; 3. occasion; 4. revision;

5. occurrence; 6. remind; 7. incident; 8. reviews

17. 1. spend; 2. cheque; 3. change; 4. wastes; 5. lend;

6. cash; 7. receipts; 8. borrow

18. 1. perks; 2. crew; 3.commission; 4. staff; 5. salary;

6. team; 7. bonuses; 8. wage

19. 1. valuable; 2. skills; 3. priceless; 4. valueless; 5. expe;

rience; 6. valuable; 7. qualities; 8. invaluable; 9. qualification

20. 1. equipment; 2. explore; 3. investigation; 4. invented;

5. appliances; 6. developed; 7. research; 8. discovered; 9. tools

21. 1. electric; 2. technology; 3. techniques; 4. eligible;

5. technological; 6. Electrical; 7. technical; 8. illegible

22. 1. comfortable; 2. vocal(s); 3. convenient; 4. pitch;

5. classic; 6. suitable; 7. voice; 8. classical

23. 1. collecting; 2. specially; 3. possibility; 4. gathered;

5. especially; 6. pick; 7. opportunities; 8. gather/collect

24. 1. cast; 2. viewer; 3. been in; 4. audience; 5. denied;

6. gone to; 7. spectators; 8. refused; 9. been to

25. 1. space; 2. lonely; 3. fits; 4. alone; 5. room; 6. match;

7. lone; 8. suits

1. Fill in each space with a suitable form of a verb.
You can use some verbs more than once.

say tell speak talk

1) Tom _____ “This is great!”
2) She _____ that she might be late.
3) He _____ us the answer.
4) I’m going to _____ something to the neighbours about the noise.
5) She _____ us about her travels around North America.
6) _____ us about Africa.
7) I’m going to _____ something about my trip to Africa.
The clock _____ it’s five past ten.
9) The newspaper _____ there’s been a hijacking.
10) People _____ he’s a bit mad.
11) _____ me what you need.
12) It’s impossible to _____ the twins apart.
13) _____ we do this, what would happen?
14) Have you anything to _____ in your defence?
15) She _____ them that she might be late.
16) The policeman _____ me to go with him.
17) I _____ you the reason why I was out late.
18) I’ve never _____ a lie in my whole life.
19) Let’s _____ about the problem.
20) She often _____ about her days as a student.
21) The lecturer is going to _____ about the modern novel.
22) Let’s just _____ he doesn’t always _____ the truth.
23) The label _____ it was produced in America.
24) He _____ me to close the door.
25) “Close the door,” he _____.
26) If you have something to _____, say it now.
27) _____ her how to do it.
28) The letter _____ we’ve won first prize.
29) I didn’t do it – somebody’s been _____ tales.
30) She _____ goodbye to her parents.

2. Fill in each space with a suitable form of a verb.
You can use some verbs more than once.

say tell speak talk discuss persuade give convince deny turn down

1)
A: People _____ that he’s been all round the world.
B: Yes, he’s always _____ about his travels.

2)
A: He was _____ us another one of his stories.
B: Does he ever _____ the truth?

3)
A: Rose is brilliant at _____ jokes.
B: I hope we can _____ her to tell us some tonight.

4)
A: Why don’t you ask the doctor to _____ you a second opinion?
B: Yes, I ought to _____ to someone else about it.

5)
A: Doctor, they _____ it’s urgent.
B: Very well, _____ them I’m on my way.

6)
A: They _____ the Prime Minister will be _____ about a new law in Parliament today.
B: I wonder what he’s going to _____ this time.

7)
A: You _____ me you were at the pub last night.
B: What are you _____ about?

A: I believe what he _____.
B: I don’t. I am _____ he’s been _____ lies.

9)
A: You _____ him some good advice about his interview.
B: But he didn’t get the job. I wonder why he was _______?

10)
A: You can’t _____ that you _____ Kate my secret.
B: No, I didn’t. But it seems I can’t _____ you. Maybe we can _____ this later.

11) Her evidence _____ the court.
12) We finally _____ them of our innocence.
13) I finally _____ her to go out for a drink.
14) He refused to come in spite of our efforts to _____ him.
15) She _____ to help us.
16) They _____ her brother’s offer of help.
17) She _____ a second piece of cake.
18) He _____ all the rumours.
19) She _____ that she had stolen the money.
20) She _____ the children permission to play in the garden.

3. Read the text below and add the word which best fits each space.

talk, give, say, turn down, persuade, tell, discuss, deny, refuse,
convince

A Friend in Need

I can’t say when I first realised that Billy was in
trouble with the police. He had often _____(1) to me about his problems and, as his
friend, I had _____(2) him the best advice I could. I also _____(3) I’d let him come and
stay with me but he _____(4) my offer. I tried to _____(5) him to stop spending so much
money at his club and to sit down and _____(6) his problems with me but he _____(7) me to
mind my own business.
It was difficult to _____(8) to him after this, but I was _____(9) he was getting into
deeper trouble all the time. He had often _____(10) having anything to do with the local
gangs. But then the police came round and asked me to _____(11) them information about
Billy and I couldn’t _____(12), though I avoided _____(13) them anything that might do
him harm. They asked me to _____(14) them more details, but I managed to convince them
that I had _____(15) the truth.

KEYS:

1. 1. said/says; 2. said; 3. told; 4. say; 5. told; 6. Tell; 7.
say; 8. says; 9. says; 10. say; 11. Tell; 12. tell; 13. Say; 14. say; 15. told; 16. told;
17. told; 18. told; 19. talk; 20. talked;
21. speak; 22. say, tell; 23. says; 24. told; 25. said; 26. say;
27. Tell; 28. says; 29. telling; 30. said.

2. 1. A. say, B. talking; 2. A. telling, B. tell; 3. A. telling,
B. persuade; 4. A. give, B. talk; 5. A. said/say, B. tell; 6. A. say, speaking/talking, B.
say; 7. A. told, B. talking; 8. A. said/says, B. convinced, telling; 9. A. gave, B. turned
down;
10. A. deny, told, B. convince, discuss; 11. convinced; 12. convinced; 13. persuaded; 14.
persuade; 15. refused; 16. rejected/turned down; 17. refused/turned down; 18. denied; 19.
denied; 20. refused/denied.

3. 1. talked; 2. given; 3. said; 4. turned down/refused; 5.
persuade/tell; 6. discuss; 7. told; 8. talk; 9. convinced; 10. denied; 11. give; 12.
refuse; 13. telling; 14. give; 15. told.

Compiled by Elena Kisunko, Moscow, School No. 651,
Elena Muslanova, Moscow, Lyceum No. 1537

Вводные слова – особая речевая конструкция, которая придает высказываниям выразительности и эмоциональную окраску. С их помощью говорящий выражает свое мнение.  Еще одна функция вводных конструкций – связь одного предложения с другим.

Вводные слова в английском языке используются повсеместно, и пригодятся в любой ситуации – написании личного письма, сочинения, при пересказе или во время презентации.

Нужны ли запятые?

Важно запомнить, что в английском, так же как и в русском языке, вводные слова выделяются на письме запятыми. Например:

• By the way, you forgot about your promise – Кстати, ты забыл о своем обещании;
• To tell the truth, I was not expecting that. – Часто говоря, я не ожидал этого.

In addition (также), in other words (другими словами), finally (наконец-то), however (так или иначе), therefore (по этой причине), nonetheless (все же), also (притом), otherwise (в других случаях), instead (вместо), by the way (rстати), luckily (к счастью), predictably (как и ожидалось) и другие вводные слова обособляются запятыми.

Для большей надежности советуем сверяться со словарями и справочниками, потому как в английском, как и в других языках, имеют место быть исключения, которые могут встречаться повсеместно.

Для письма

Для написания писем существуют целые вводные клише, запомнив которые можно легко составить личное сообщение. Как правило, в письмах используются простые фразы:

• It was great to get your letter…. – Очень приятно получить от тебя письмо…
• Thanks for your letter. It was great/lovely to hear from you. – Спасибо за твое письмо. Это очень приятно/мило с твоей стороны.
• Sorry for not writing earlier but I’ve… — Извини, что не смог написать раньше, но…
• I thought I’d better write and tell you about…. – Я подумал(а), что было бы неплохо написать тебе и рассказать о…
• With reference to your letter of 8 June, I … – Ссылаясь на Ваше письмо от 8 июня, я…
• We/I recently wrote to you about … – Мы/я недавно писал(и) Вам о…
• After having seen your advertisement in … , I would like … – После того как я ознакомился с вашим рекламным материалом в…, я бы хотел…

При выборе вводных враз для письма всегда стоит учитывать его характер, так как сообщение может быть формальным (для партнеров по бизнесу) или неформальным (для друзей).

Так же в процессе повествования могут понадобиться простые слова-связки. Как и в русском языке, на письме они выделяются запятыми.

• Actually, … — Вообще-то, …
• Anyway, … — Во всяком случае, …
• As for (study), … — Что касается (учебы),
• By the way, … — Кстати, …
• Luckily, … — К счастью, …
• Predictably, … — Как и ожидалось, …
• So, … — Итак, …
• Unluckily, … — К несчастью, …
• Well, … — Ну,…
• You know, … — Знаешь ли, …

Для заключения

Чтобы плавно завершить письмо, не обрывая его, используются заключительные фразы:

• Please give/send my regards (love) to your…. – Передавай от меня привет своим…
• And write and tell me your plans for…. – Напиши мне и расскажи о своих планах
• Write back soon! – Жду скорого ответа!
• If you want to know anything else, just drop me a line. – Если хочешь узнать что-то еще, просто напиши мне.
• We look forward to a successful working relationship in the future. – Мы рассчитываем на дальнейшее успешное сотрудничество.
• Should you need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me. – Если Вам потребуется дополнительная информация, можете смело обращаться по любому вопросу ко мне.
• I would appreciate your immediate attention to this matter. – Я буду признателен, если вы как можно скорее уделите внимание этому вопросу.

Для эссе

Эссе – высказывание собственного мнения относительно обсуждаемой темы, поэтому для написания потребуются более формальные фразы:

• I would like to start by considering the facts — Начнем с рассмотрения фактов
• Let us consider — Рассмотрим
• It is generally agreed that — Общепризнанно, что
• Firstly…, secondly…, thirdly…, — Во-первых, во-вторых, в-третьих
• One argument in support of (my opinion) is — Один из аргументов для подтверждения (моего мнения)
• I need to talk a few words about – Я должен сказать пару слов о…
• First and foremost — В первую очередь
• It is true (clear) that — Это правда (ясно), что
• According to (author) – согласно словам (автора)
• Referring to the views of …- ссылаясь на точку зрения (мнение) …
• It is undeniable that — Нельзя отрицать, что
• It is a well-known fact that — Хорошо известно, что
• It is (very) clear from these observations that — Из этих наблюдений (абсолютно) ясно, что
• If on the one hand it can be said that … the same is not true for — И если с одной стороны, можно сказать, что … , то же самое нельзя сказать о … .
• On the other hand — С другой стороны

Для говорения

Без вводных слов даже повседневная речь может стать «сухой», поэтому, чтобы оживить свою речь на английском, используем следующие конструкции:

• Also – также
• As far as I know – насколько я знаю
• At least – по крайней мере
• By the way – кстати
• However / nevertheless – однако
• In addition / moreover – кроме того
• In any case / anyway – в любом случае
• In fact / at all – вообще
• To put it another way – другими словами
• Indeed – действительно
• It goes without saying – само собой разумеется
• Meanwhile– тем временем, пока
• Of course – конечно
• It is possible/ possibly– возможно
• So then / now– итак
• So to speak – так сказать
• Therefore – по этой причине
• To cut it short – короче говоря
• To tell the truth – честно говоря

Для сочинения

Написание сочинения чаще всего пригождается в учебе и на экзаменах. Для того, чтобы ваша письменная работа была понятной, нужно ее правильно структурировать. В этом помогут простые вводные фразы.

• firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally – Во-первых, во-вторых, в-третьих, в итоге
• on the one hand….. on the other hand – С одной стороны, с другой стороны
• in theory … in reality – В теории … на практике
• both… and…. – и…и
• not only … but also – не только … но и
• up to a point – в какой-то степени
• by no means / not at all – ни в коем случае
• compared to / in comparison with – по сравнению с
• similarly – таким же образом
• as well as – также
• unlike; in contrast to / with sth. – в отличие от
• as far as … is concerned – если речь идёт о…
• as regards; regarding – что качается…
• on the whole – в целом
• in general / generally speaking – в общем
• such as / including – такие как
• except; with the exception of – исключая
• as / since – так как

Для презентации

Для того, чтобы выступление перед англоязычной публикой прошло успешно, нужно предварительно подготовить речь.

• Let me briefly introduce myself. My name is (…) and I am delighted to be here today to talk to you about… — Позвольте мне коротко представиться. Меня зовут (…) и я рад сегодня рассказать вам о…
• I want to make you a short presentation about… — Я хочу представить небольшую презентацию о…
• The purpose of this presentation is… — Цель этой презентации…
• My objective today is… — Сегодняшняя тема…
• I’ll start with…/First, I will talk about… — Я начну с…/Сперва я расскажу о…

…then I will look at… — затем рассмотрим…

…next…- далее

and finally… — и в итоге, в конце…

• I think everybody has heard about…, but hardly anyone knows a lot about it. – Я думаю, что все слышали о…, но мало кто знает об этом.
• That’s all I have to say about… — Это все, о чем я хотел рассказать
• Let’s summarize briefly what we have looked at. – Давайте подведем краткий итог того, что мы рассмотрели.
• Turning our attention now to… — Обратим внимание на…
• A good example of this is… — Хорошим примером этого является…
• To give you an example,… — Чтобы привести пример…
• I’d like to expand on this aspect/problem/point. – Мне бы хотелось более детально рассмотреть этот аспект/проблему/ точку зрения.
• This relates to what I was saying earlier – Это относиться к тому, что было сказано ранее
• Thank you all for listening. It was a pleasure being here today. – Спасибо вам большое за внимание. Было приятно выступить перед вами.
• Well, that’s it from me. Thanks very much. – Итак, на этом я закончу. Большое спасибо.

Подробнее о том, как составить презентацию на английском, читайте тут.

Для пересказа

Иногда в разговоре может возникнуть необходимость пересказать ту или иную ситуацию, рассказать о содержании фильма/книги, передать суть текста и пр. Для этого пригодится другая лексика для пересказа на английском.

• The story/text is about – В этой истории/тексте говориться о…
• At the beginning of (the book) the author tells (describes, points out) – В начале (книги) автор говорит (описывает, указывает);
• The story begins with… – Рассказ начинается с…
• The scene is laid in… – Действие происходит в…
• The action moves on to – Действие переходит к…
• The text/article elucidates (highlights) one of the issues about… – Рассказ/статья разъясняет (освещает) один из вопросов о…
• The author describes (narrates) – Автор описывает (повествует)
• The main theme/topic (issue) of the text is – Основная тема (вопрос) текста – это
• To conclude / summarize – В заключении
• At the end the author sums it all up by saying… – В конце автор подводит итог, говоря…

Вспомогательная лексика для описания:

• to retell — пересказывать
• to quote — цитировать
• to recite – декларировать, читать вслух
• description — описание
• to recapitulate – резюмировать, напоминать
• events – событие
• action – действие
• the main character – главный герой
• narrator – рассказчик
• Next,… Then,… After that,… — затем, далее

Для разговора

Чтобы начать, поддержать или закончить разговор на английском нужно знать несколько универсальных фраз.

• What’s up? – Как дела?
• It was nice chatting with you – Было приятно поболтать с тобой
• Do you have any idea…? – Есть какие-нибудь идеи?
• I’m not really sure. – Я не совсем уверен
• It doesn’t make any difference to me. – Для меня это не имеет никакой разницы
• That’s for sure. – Это точно.
• I’m sorry I didn’t hear what you said – Извини, я не расслышал, что ты сказал
• Would you help me? – Ты бы мог мне помочь?
• I’m really grateful – Я очень благодарен
• I don’t know. What do you think? – Я не знаю. А что ты думаешь об этом?
• Has that ever happened to you? – Это когда-то уже случалось с тобой?
• That reminds me … — Это напомнило мне о…
• …by the way,… — кстати…
• …before I forget…- пока я не забыл
• …if you see that I mean – если ты понимаешь, что я имею ввиду

Для монолога

• Let me start by saying (a few words about)… – Я хотел бы начать (парой слов о том)…
• I’d like to begin with/by… – Я хочу начать с…
• Next I’d like to point out… – Далее я хотел бы отметить…
• Another important argument… – Другой важный аргумент – это…
• Apart from that,… – Помимо этого…
• The basic question is… – Основной вопрос заключается в
• more or less – более или менее
• In other words… – Другими словами
• As you can see from… – Как это можно понять из…
• .. for example – Возьмем … в качестве примера
• This quotation shows that – Цитата говорит о то, что…
• I would like to stress that – Мне бы хотелось подчеркнуть, что…
• So, to come to the end – Итак, приходя к завершению…

Упражнение 9.

Добавьте хвостик разделительного вопроса.

I’m older than she, ___________?

He has a sister, ___________?

Sally can’t speak Chinese, ___________?

Let me call you, ___________?

Tell us about yourself, ___________?

That was an unusual stone, ___________?

She hates onion, ___________?

Dan arrived two hours ago, ___________?

There weren’t many students in the hall, ___________?

The Greens have been invited too, ___________?

Don’t leave without me, ___________?

Let’s watch this film, ___________?

Nothing special happened that day, ___________?

Our parents are leaving for Grodno tomorrow, ___________?

He will pick you up at 4 o’clock, ___________?

This is not her car, ___________?

I’m not dressed so smartly as she does, ___________?

Everyone was shocked by his behaviour, ___________?

Emilie has a shower four times a week, ___________?

She used to fight with her brother, ___________?

There is enough food here for everyone, ___________?

Remember to turn off the cooker, ___________?

Our President is going to visit Vatican, ___________?

Nobody knows about this, ___________?

I’m making you feel uncomfortable, ___________?

Bred should be here by now, ___________?

If you borrow my jeans, don’t get them dirty, ___________?

Let’s go because it is getting dark, ___________?

Get me some chewing gum when you go to the shop, ___________?

There is not really much time left, ___________?

Charlie usually has a rest after lunch, ___________?

Everything was done perfectly, ___________?

They won’t be happy, ___________?

The Stones bought this car last year, ___________?

Don’t repeat what I told you, ___________?

She hadn’t been told about it, ___________?

There were a lot of cars in the street, ___________?

We have to work harder, ___________?

She needs to be there, ___________?

I needn’t come, ___________?