How to write a dictionary word - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

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Whether you’re compiling a glossary, writing a dictionary, or simply trying to sound official to play a dictionary bluffing game or to define your own made-up words, here are a few ideas to make your definitions as helpful and as powerful as they should be.

These steps are appropriate for a descriptive definition of how a term is actually used. Note that this is a more demanding process than writing a prescriptive definition, such as one defining how an author will use a term in a document.

Steps

1

Find examples of the word in use. Google (and especially Google Books) are excellent resources for finding citations. Citations provide evidence that the word is in use and show how it is used.
2

Examine how the word functions in the examples that you find.

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3
Determine the part of speech of the word, for the sense or senses you wish to define. This will help you write the right definition. Recall these basics:^[1]
- Noun: A person, place, or thing: Utah, minivan, moon, grocer, January. Nouns can also be ideas, such as «confidence» or «hesitation».
- Pronoun: A word that takes the place of a noun. He, she, it, they.
- Verb: An action word. Go, jump, harangue, grill, gaze, ponder, hurry.
- Adjective: A word that describes, or modifies, a noun. A red hat, a slow train, a precarious ledge.
- Adverb: A word that modifies a verb or an adjective. He landed painfully and rose slowly. The train was ridiculously slow.
- Conjunction: A word that joins two independent clauses. In English, these include and, or, for, nor, but, yet, and so.
- Preposition: This describes the location of something. On, above, under, to, into, at, during, inside.
- Interjection: An exclamation, often with no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. For example: Wow, hey, yikes, abracadabra, ouch, hmm, oh boy!
4

Make further distinctions within the parts of speech. If you wish to be thorough about the grammatical function of this word, further determine whether a noun is countable or uncountable, whether a verb is transitive or intransitive, and so on.^[2]
5

Choose a specific sense of the word and think about the word’s meaning in that sense. One good way to go about this is to consider how you would explain this word to a small child or a person who is just beginning to speak the language. Avoid using descriptive words that are more complicated than the word in question, unless you also explain their meaning.^[3]
6

Explore the word. What other words seem similar? What words are close? What is the difference between this word and other related words? What distinguishes «fragile» from «weak» from «flimsy»?^[4]
7

Think of synonyms (words that mean the same) and antonyms (words that mean the opposite) for the word. Some of these can go into the definition, if they are appropriate.
8
Describe the word. While it’s perfectly all right to include synonyms in the definition, a definition composed entirely of synonyms may not be as helpful as it could be. Thus, try to be as descriptive as possible.
- If the word has a range of meanings, you’ll need to address each one separately.
9
Use words in the definition that will be familiar to a reader who does not already know the word being defined. Compare:
- moxie — Gumption; pluck; chutzpah.
- moxie — Bold determination; strength or fortitude.
10

Write the definition in the typical style of a dictionary. Phrases such as «This word is used to…» or «Describes a situation in which…» may help to get you started, but edit them out of your final definition.^[5]
11
Write the definition so that it matches the part of speech. Verb definitions will contain many verbs; noun definitions, many nouns.^[6]
- Most verb definitions will begin with the word «to». For instance, a definition for the verb «pause» might read, «To stop briefly or temporarily; to interrupt a process or activity and later resume it.»
- Noun definitions may begin with the words «a», «an» or «the».
12

Read your definition and make sure that it agrees with the word and the sense you are trying to define.
13

Have somebody else read your definition and tell you if it makes sense.

Add New Question

Question

Should the first letter of the word be capitalized?

Not necessarily. Only proper nouns should be capitalized.
Question

Do I need to reference definitions?

You shouldn’t steal a definition from a collection of definitions. Review a couple of definitions and put a definition of a word into your own words. For example, if defining the word idiosyncrasy, one definition example says «a mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual». I would say «a way somebody acts that is seen as odd to someone or some people.»
Question

How do I use dictionary?

Sherringford

Community Answer

A dictionary is used to find the meaning of an unknown word. First, you must have a word in need of a meaning. Then you must search for the word. The dictionary is arranged alphabetically, so you must look it up accordingly. Once you find the word, the definition will be under (or beside) it.

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Have a look at the etymology of the word, too. Do you know what a kibosh (as in «put the kibosh on») was? What did it originally mean if something fizzled? Sometimes, the etymology can add some perspective to a word’s meaning.^[7]
Read some entries in a dictionary or glossary and take note of the style in which definitions are written.
Consult other dictionaries to see what they have to say about your word. Synthesizing a selection of other definitions can help you write your own, or help you learn to write your own definitions independently.

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The parts of speech listed in this article are the basic parts of speech for English. Other languages have other parts of speech, and some people distinguish additional parts of speech in English.
Avoid describing the word by what it is not — focus on describing what it is.
If you include an etymology in your dictionary, make sure it is well-researched. Some words and phrases tend to have many «folk etymologies» circulating about them. These are groundless theories, basically guesses about word origins that get passed around without any sort of verification. Do your own research and evaluate carefully whether you can trust a given source.
Avoid circular definitions, especially if you are defining multiple words. There is a tendency, when defining words, to circle back to the word or root with which one began. While it may be legitimate to define an adverb in terms of the adjective from which it has grown (for example, ridiculously — in a ridiculous manner), this sort of definition supposes that the word ridiculous is defined somewhere. Generally, avoid using variations of the word being defined in the definition.

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All Microsoft Word users have a default custom dictionary that acts as a catchall for their spelling preferences. In fact, every time you right-click on a flagged word (which may or may not be misspelled) and select “Add to Dictionary,” that word goes to your default custom dictionary. However, you can create additional custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word for specific documents.

This tutorial explains the following:

1. How to create a custom dictionary

2. How to add words to a custom dictionary

3. How to add or remove a custom dictionary for a specific file

This tutorial is available as a YouTube video showing all the steps in real time.

Watch more than 100 other writing-related software tutorials on my YouTube channel.

The images below are from Word for Microsoft 365. These steps also apply to Word 2021, Word 2019, Word 2016, and Word 2013. In addition, the steps are similar for Word 2010.

1. Select the File tab.

Figure 1. File tab

2. Select Options in the Backstage view.

Figure 2. Options in the Backstage view

3. Select Proofing in the Word Options dialog box.

Figure 3. Proofing in the Word Options dialog box

4. Select the Custom Dictionaries button.

Figure 4. Custom Dictionaries button in the Word Options dialog box

5. Select any of the available options in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box to make the New button available. (If All Languages or English is selected, the New button will be grayed out, which means it is unavailable.)

Figure 5. Dictionary list in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

6. Select the New button.

Figure 6. New button in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

7. Choose a file location for your new dictionary in the Create Custom Dictionary dialog box. Note that the default location chosen by Word will be appropriate for most users. See the Pro Tip below for additional information.

Figure 7. File path in the Create Custom Dictionary dialog box

Pro Tip: By default, Word will save your new custom dictionary in the UProof folder connected to your user name, which means that only you can access that dictionary. If you want to share your new dictionary, save the file in another folder accessible by other Word users in your organization.

See step 6 in How to Add or Remove a Custom Dictionary for a Specific File, below, for instructions on adding dictionaries saved in other locations.

8. Type the name of your new custom dictionary in the File name text box.

Figure 8. File name text box in the Create Custom Dictionary dialog box

9. Select the Save button.

Figure 9. Save button in the Create Custom Dictionary dialog box

The Create Custom Dictionary dialog box will close automatically, and your new dictionary will appear in the Custom Dictionary dialog box.

Figure 10. New dictionary listed in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

10. (Optional Step) Uncheck the new dictionary if you do not want it to be automatically applied to current or future documents.

11. Select the OK button in the Custom Dictionary dialog box.

Figure 11. OK button in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

Now, let’s populate your newly created custom dictionary.

How to Add Words to a Custom Dictionary

This section assumes that you closed the Custom Dictionary dialog box after completing the previous section. If your Custom Dictionary dialog box is still open, you can skip to step 5.

If you want to edit the existing words in your default custom dictionary or another custom dictionary, visit “How to Edit Your Custom Dictionary in Microsoft Word.”

1. Select the File tab (see figure 1).

2. Select Options in the Backstage view (see figure 2).

3. Select Proofing in the Word Options dialog box (see figure 3).

4. Select the Custom Dictionaries button (see figure 4).

5. Select your new dictionary in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box (see figure 10).

6. Select the Edit Word List button.

Figure 12. Edit Word List button in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

7. Type one word at a time into the Word(s) text box in the Edit Word List dialog box.

Figure 13. Words(s) text box in the Edit Word List dialog box

8. Select the Add button for each word.

Figure 14. Add button in the Edit Word List dialog box

9. Select the OK button when you are finished adding words to save your changes. The Custom Dictionaries dialog box will close automatically.

Figure 15. OK button in the Edit Word List dialog box

In an upcoming tutorial, we’ll use a simple text editor such as Notepad to add multiple words at once to a custom dictionary.

How to Add or Remove a Custom Dictionary for a Specific File

By default, Word’s Editor (which is the new name for the spelling and grammar check) applies all custom dictionaries to your documents unless specific dictionaries are manually unchecked in the Custom Dictionary dialog box. Therefore, I strongly encourage you to review the Custom Dictionary dialog box regularly to ensure that Word is using the dictionaries that you want—and none that you don’t.

The following steps show how to (1) add or remove a custom dictionary already connected to your document and (2) add a custom dictionary currently unconnected to your document (i.e., a dictionary saved outside of the UProof folder).

Add or Remove a Custom Dictionary Already Connected to Your Document

1. Select the File tab (see figure 1).

2. Select Options in the Backstage view (see figure 2).

3. Select Proofing in the Word Options dialog box (see figure 3).

4. Select the Custom Dictionaries button (see figure 4).

5. Check or uncheck specific dictionaries in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box (see figure 10).

6. Select the OK button to save your changes. The Custom Dictionaries dialog box will close automatically (see figure 16).

Add a Custom Dictionary Currently Unconnected to Your Document (Outside File)

1. Select the File tab (see figure 1).

2. Select Options in the Backstage view (see figure 2).

3. Select Proofing in the Word Options dialog box (see figure 3).

4. Select the Custom Dictionaries button (see figure 4).

5. Select any of the available options in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box to make the Add button available (see figure 5). (If All Languages or English is selected, the Add button will be grayed out, which means it is unavailable)

6. Select the Add button in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box.

Figure 16. Add button in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

7. Navigate to the location of the dictionary you want to add in the Add Custom Dictionary dialog box and select the dictionary file.

Figure 17. New dictionary located through the Add Custom Dictionary dialog box

8. Select the Open button.

Figure 18. Open button in the Add Custom Dictionary dialog box

The Add Custom Dictionary dialog box will close automatically, and the dictionary you just selected will appear in the Custom Dictionaries dialog box.

Figure 19. New dictionary added to the Custom Dictionaries dialog box

9. Select the OK button to save your changes and close the Custom Dictionaries dialog box (see figure 16).

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Updated January 06, 2022

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Если вы используете Microsoft Word для написания и редактирования документов, программа отметит многие из используемых вами специализированных терминов. Это потому, что каждый домен или поле имеет свою терминологию. А словарь, на который опирается Word, просто не включает ваших терминов.

Итак, что вы можете с этим поделать? Что ж, одно из решений — щелкнуть правой кнопкой мыши по слову, отмеченному Microsoft Word, и выбрать Добавить в словарь. Затем программа добавит это слово в пользовательский словарь по умолчанию. В результате Word не пометит его при следующем использовании.

Но есть вариант получше. Вы можете создать и загрузить в Word свой собственный словарь. Это удобный подход, особенно если вы часто работаете с документами в одной и той же области, например, в гражданском строительстве, медицине и т. Д.

Шаги по созданию собственного словаря в Microsoft Word

Нажать на Файл таб.
Затем перейдите в Параметры.
Нажмите на Проверка.
Затем нажмите Пользовательские словари кнопка.
Выберите интересующие вас параметры, чтобы активировать кнопку «Создать».
- Примечание: Вам нужно снять галочку Все языки или английский, чтобы сделать кнопку «Создать» доступной.
Ударять Новый когда кнопка больше не отображается серым цветом.
Выберите место, где вы хотите сохранить свой собственный словарь. Или вы можете просто сохранить местоположение по умолчанию, которое предлагает Word.
Назовите свой собственный словарь и нажмите Сохранить кнопка.
Ваш новый пользовательский словарь теперь должен быть виден в разделе «Пользовательский словарь».

Как добавить новые слова в собственный словарь

Создав собственный словарь, вы можете добавлять в него новые слова или удалять существующие. Сделать это:

Перейдите к списку пользовательских словарей. Перейти к Файл → ПараметрыПроверка → Пользовательские словари.
Ударь Редактировать список слов кнопка.
Введите новое слово и нажмите Добавлять кнопку, чтобы добавить в словарь.
Или вы можете выбрать существующее слово и нажать Удалить чтобы удалить его из словаря.

Наслаждайтесь использованием вашего нового словаря Word.

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It doesn’t matter what you are going to do: write your own glossary, write a dictionary, look convincing when playing a «stupid dictionary» or write definitions for words of your own composition — here are some ideas for you to help make your definitions as accurate and concise as possible. These steps are suitable for a descriptive definition of how the term is used in the language. Please note that this is a rather laborious process, requiring much more effort than a prescriptive definition, which dictates how an author should use a given term in writing.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 1

Step 1. Find examples of how the word is used

Google (and especially Google Books) is a great way to find quotes. And the quotes, in turn, prove that this word is actively used, and perfectly show in what sense or in what sense.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 2

Step 2. Study how the word is used and functions in the examples you find

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 3

Step 3. Determine the part of speech of this word in the sense or senses that you want to define

Remember these basics:

Noun: person, place, or thing: Utah, minibus, moon, greengrocer, January. Nouns can also include abstract concepts such as confidence or doubt.
Pronoun: A word that is used instead of a noun. He, she, it, they.
Verb: A word for an action. Walk, jump, rant, fry, stare, ponder, rush.
Adjective: A word that describes a noun. Red (hat), fast (train), unreliable (bar).
Adverb: A word that describes or transforms the meaning of a verb or adjective. (He fell and) hurt (hit, then) slowly (got up). (The train went) creepy (slow).
Union: a word that connects parts of a complex sentence. In Russian, this list includes the words and, or, as if, and … and, neither … nor, too, but that, also, because, etc.
Preposition: A word describing the position of something. On, over, under, k, in, y, inside, etc.
Interjection: An emotional exclamation, usually not related to the grammatical structure of a sentence. For example: Wow! Hey! Ugh! Abracadabra! Ouch! Hmm … Wow!

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 4

Step 4. Conduct further classification within one part of speech

If you want to thoroughly understand the grammatical function of this word, determine whether the noun is countable or uncountable, whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, etc.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 5

Step 5. Choose one of the meanings of the word and think about its meaning in this context

The easier you can define this word, the better, so try to imagine that you are trying to explain this word to a child or person who is just learning to speak your language. Avoid using descriptive words that are even more difficult than the word being defined, unless you are trying to explain their meaning along the way.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 6

Step 6. Examine the word

What other words do you find similar to him? What words are close to him in meaning? What is the difference between this word and its synonyms? For example, what distinguishes the word “fragile” from “weak” or “brittle”?

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 7

Step 7. Think about the synonyms (words with a similar meaning) and antonyms (words with the opposite meaning) for the word being defined

Some of them may appear in your dictionary entry, if they fit there.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 8

Step 8. Describe the word being defined

While it is perfectly acceptable to include synonyms in a definition, such a definition, composed entirely of synonyms, cannot provide exhaustive information about the meaning of a word. Therefore, do your best to describe the designated word.

If a word has several meanings, then you will have to define each of them separately

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 9

Step 9. To write the definition of a word, use words that will be familiar to the person who will read this definition for the first time, not knowing the meaning of the concept being defined

Compare:

Courage is courage, boldness, audacity.
Courage is an emphasized determination, fortitude.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 10

Step 10. Write the definition of a word using typical vocabulary style

You can start with sentences like «This word is used …» or «It describes a situation in which …», but it is better to remove them from the final version of your definition.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 11

Step 11. Write the definition to match the part of speech being defined

Verb definitions themselves must contain many verbs, noun definitions must contain many nouns.

Most verb definitions must begin with an indefinite verb. For example, the definition of the verb “stop” might look like this: “take a short pause or stop for a while; interrupt the process or some action and start it again later. «
It is better to start noun definitions with nouns too.

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 12

Step 12. Read your definition and make sure it matches the word being defined and the meaning of that word that you want to describe

Write a Dictionary Definition Step 13

Step 13. Ask someone to read your definition and comment on it

Advice

Read definitions from dictionaries and glossaries and take notes on the style in which they are written.
See how your word is defined elsewhere. Synthesis of definitions already written by someone else will help you write your own or help you learn how to write definitions of words yourself.
Note that we learn the meaning of most of the new words through context. This is why it is especially important to find examples of the use of a word in context before trying to write a definition for it.
Pay attention also to the etymology of the word. Sometimes it is the origin of a word that can shed light on its meaning.
If you are interested in the fascinating history of compiling the Oxford English Dictionary, check out Simon Winchester’s lecture.
If you are still learning to write vocabulary definitions, then it is worth starting with words with a narrow specific meaning, especially with nouns. Just compare the number of meanings and definitions for such specific words as «souvenir» or «Twitter» with the number of meanings and definitions of such widely used words as «down» or «current» and you will understand why. Start practicing first with not ambiguous, highly specialized words.
Sometimes determining the part of speech of a word can be quite difficult. If you are not completely sure which part of speech you are dealing with, then it is better to check the dictionary. If things are really bad, then look in the grammar reference. There are about 3000 difficult words in this kind of books.

Warnings

Avoid definitions that describe what a word is not, concentrate better on what it is.
Try to avoid circular definitions, especially if you are writing a definition for multiple words. When writing definitions for words, there is a tendency at the end of the definition to return to the defined word or to the same root word. It may be perfectly acceptable to define an adverb with a single root adjective (for example: weird — in a strange way), but this type of definition assumes that the adjective «strange» is already defined or known in advance. In general, it is best to avoid the use of words with the same root in the definition.
If you decide to include information about the origin of a word in your dictionary entry, then make sure first that you have studied the question well. Some words have several «folk» versions of their origin. Usually these theories have no foundation and are passed by word of mouth without any adequate confirmation. Do your own research and adequately assess whether your sources can be trusted.
The parts of speech listed above are basic and common to most European languages. Other languages may have other parts of speech, and some scholars distinguish additional parts of speech in European languages.

Introduction

Microsoft Word comes with a powerful dictionary and spellchecker. It is very easy to add new words to MS’s default customary dictionary (file name: CUSTOM.DIC) as well.

When MS comes across a word that is not in this default dictionary, the right-click pop-up menu asks whether you’d like to “Add to Dictionary”. Click that option and you are done. The new word is added to CUSTOM.DIC. Next time, MS will know how to correct the misspelling of that particular word.

But sometimes, when you are writing about a very esoteric subject, or perhaps when you are using many foreign words or jargon, or working on a temporary project, you may want to keep the default custom dictionary as is and create your own project-specific customized dictionary. When the project is done, you may want to remove it from your computer altogether.

How to Create Your Own Custom Word Dictionary

1. Launch your Note pad, or non-MS Word writing program. (MS Word unfortunately inserts a lot of invisible code to the text which might affect your dictionary list in unpredictable ways.)

2. Enter all your special words, one word per line. Make sure to enter multi-word phrases one word per line. After you type in each word, press Enter and go to the next line.

3. Give your special dictionary a name that ends with “.dic” (For example, “SoccerDictionary.dic”) and save it to C:Documents and SettingsApplication DataMicrosoftProof

How to Launch and Use your Custom Word Dictionary

1. Open the text that you would like to spell check by using your customized dictionary.

2. Select Tools > Options.

3. Select the Spelling & Grammar tab.

4. Click Custom Dictionaries button to display the Custom Dictionaries dialog box. You will see your newly created dictionary is listed in there, right next to the CUSTOM.DIC.

5. Check the check-box of your customized dictionary (if you like, IN ADDITION to the CUSTOM.DIC. It would not hurt.) Do NOT remove “CUSTOM.DIC” since that would impact all the other MS documents that have already used it.

6. While you are here, you can also modify the content of any listed dictionary by selecting it and clicking the Modify button. You can easily add new words in this fashion.

7. Click OK and return to your main document.

Now when you do a spell check (F7), Word will suggest alternatives not only from its default dictionary but from the custom dictionary that you have created as well.

Alternatively, when you right-click your mouse over a word that has a red underline, Word will suggest alternatives not only from its default dictionary but from your customized dictionary as well.

Conclusion

You can create and use as many similar custom Word dictionaries as you like. And when you are done with that special project, you can just simply turn them off at Tools > Options > Spelling & Grammar > Custom Dictionaries.

If you think you’ll never again use that special set of terminology, you can also delete a customized dictionary altogether from the C:Documents and SettingsApplication DataMicrosoftProof

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In this article I’ll show you how to use custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word. You’ll learn how you can add words to customize the dictionary to your writing needs. You can even change the language. Here’s how you can make the most of the dictionary in MS Word.

How to Add Words to the Microsoft Word Dictionary

If you’ve misspelled a word while typing in Microsoft Word, you’ve almost certainly seen the red squiggly underline that indicates Word believes you’ve made a mistake.

If a word is legitimately misspelled and MS Word has the correct spelling in the default language dictionary or the active custom dictionary, it will offer suggestions when you right-click the misspelled word. Choose the correct spelling and go on with your work.

A problem can pop up when Word marks a word as misspelled when it really isn’t. That can happen when a fiction author uses regional dialect, made-up locations, or character names that the built-in dictionary doesn’t recognize.

It might also happen when a person writes scientific, medical, or academic terms that aren’t in the default language dictionary.

The easiest way to inform Word that the errant word is spelled as intended is to right-click the word in question, then select “Add to dictionary.”

Using custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word

When a word is added to the dictionary, it isn’t actually added to the default language dictionary. Instead, it is added to a custom dictionary file. Word checks spelling against the default language dictionary and the custom dictionary.

Word begins building a custom dictionary file the first time you ask to add a word to the dictionary like we discussed earlier.

Fortunately for people who write in different disciplines or genres, you can create multiple custom dictionary files. This might come in handy when you write in multiple genres or series and you have similarly spelled words, but only one is correct in that particular book or paper.

The following example may seem extreme or unlikely to occur, but it is a real life possibility. (Imagine other scenarios where this example might apply.)

Let’s say you’re writing a novel set in Douglas County, Washington in The United States.
A popular location in your novel is Kairo Road – an actual road in that county. You want Word to stop reminding you that you’ve misspelled the word, so you right-click it and ask Word to add the errant word to the dictionary.

From that point on, whenever you type Kairo Road, MS Word will consider Kairo to be correctly spelled and won’t flag it as a misspelling.

But what happens the next day when you’re writing a paper in the field of Egyptian history and you mistakenly spell Cairo, K-a-i-r-o? Word probably won’t catch that error because it thinks you intended to spell it that way.

You could solve that particular problem by creating custom dictionaries for different writing sessions. If you write fiction as well as academic papers, you could create a custom dictionary file for your fiction work and another one for your academic work. In each, you would add words that are specific to that type of writing.

Add new custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word – method one

There are two ways to add new custom dictionaries in Word. The first method involves creating a file and entering all the words you’ll need in it, then adding it to Word. If any should arise later that Word thinks are misspelled, you’d still be able to add words to it by using the right-click method which was discussed earlier.

Creating such a custom dictionary file is as simple as typing the words, each single word on a separate line, single spaced. Name the file whatever works for you. Just be sure you save the file with the file extension .dic. You’ll need to set the file encoding as Unicode in the Save panel.

Once you’ve created your own custom dictionary file, you can add it using the following instructions:

In Microsoft Word for Macs, open a document and go to Word > Preferences.
Select Spelling & Grammar.
Look for a button labeled Dictionaries….
Select Add….
In the panel that opens, locate your properly named custom dictionary file.
Click Open….

Adding and editing custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word for Mac. Word for Windows has similar settings under File > Options > Proofing.

Add new custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word – method two

If you want to create a new custom dictionary but would prefer to add words as they show up in your writing, use these directions:

In Microsoft Word for Macs, go to Word > Preferences. Select Spelling & Grammar.
Look for a button labeled Dictionaries….
Select New….
In the panel that opens, choose a name for your new custom dictionary file.
Click Save….

Add new custom dictionaries in Word for Windows

If you are using Microsoft Word for Windows, you’ll find the same settings available.

Open a document.
Go to the File menu, then Options.
In the left side of the panel, select Proofing.
Look for a section labeled “When correcting spelling in Microsoft Office programs.”
Click the Custom Dictionaries… button.

Setting custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word for Windows.

Switching between custom dictionaries in Microsoft Word

Once you have created your custom dictionaries and added them to MS Word, you can very easily switch between them according to your needs. This should be considered a necessary step if you are to use custom dictionaries for each of your writing disciplines or genres.

In Microsoft Word for Macs, if you go to Word > Preferences and select Spelling & Grammar, you’ll see a drop-down list in the center of the panel. Click it and choose the new file you just created.

As long as that file is selected, any words that you ask MS Word to Add to Dictionary via the right-click menu will be added to that dictionary.

In Microsoft Word for Windows:

Go to File > Options > Proofing.
Look for the section labeled “When correcting spelling in Microsoft Office programs.”
Below that label, click the button labeled “Custom dictionaries…”

A settings panel will open that allows you to create new dictionaries, add existing custom dictionaries, edit existing dictionaries, and more.

To switch back to the original custom dictionary or another one that you have created, just repeat the process and choose a different dictionary.

Changing spell check language in Word

You may have occasion to write in a language other than English. If that is the case, you can change the authoring language in Microsoft Word. Doing so will allow spell check to work in that language. You can easily change the authoring or proofing language in Word under the Review tab.

Open the Review tab, then click the Language button. In Word for Windows you’ll see a divided window that allows you set separate custom languages for the interface (buttons, menus, etc.) and the proofing tools (spell check, editor, etc.).

Changing the authoring/spell check language in Microsoft Word for Windows.

In Word for Macs, you’ll see a single settings panel that allows you to change the language for the proofing tools such as spell check. The interface language will be the same as the operating system is set to use.

You’ll find more about changing proofing languages in Microsoft Word here.

A final note on using custom dictionaries in Word

Tell Microsoft Word whether to use only the default dictionary or to include your custom dictionaries.

If you create custom dictionaries but find that Word still flags words from those dictionaries as misspelled, go to the dictionary settings and look for a checkbox labeled, “Suggest from main dictionary only.” If that box is checked, your custom dictionaries will be ignored.

If you find you’ve repeatedly misspelled a word, you can always use search and replace in Word.

Источник

English Grade 2 Vocabulary Learn — All About Learning English

In the second grade, my son’s English was disgusting. The teacher missed a third of the lessons due to illness, and the rest of the lessons passed by the students. At the end of the year, she quit, and I realized that in the third grade, with the arrival of a new teacher and lack of knowledge, problems with English would begin. As a result, in the summer, a plan was developed for independent study of the English language in the volume of the 2nd grade.

As the first step, I took a textbook and a workbook and copied out all the words from there. At the initial stage, without vocabulary, you will not advance anywhere. Words are grouped by topic as they are taught in the textbook throughout the year. Each word has a transcription in English and Russian. Russian transcription of English words is certainly not correct and even harmful, but it will come in handy for parents who do not know English.

Others can delete and not show this transcription to children. Before learning this vocabulary, it is advisable to learn the rules for reading transcription. In general, reading transcription is one of the basic and basic knowledge that will be required throughout the entire study of the English language, both at school and on your own. In one of the next posts, I plan to share with you flashcards for learning the sounds of the English language.

From this, of course, it was necessary to start the cycle of these posts, but something did not work out — the cards were not ready yet. Download Vocabulary for grade 2, part 1.

Since you have visited this page, it means that you are interested in the education of your children. Therefore, I think you will definitely need a link to a very handy online calculator. The calculator is designed for senior classes or can be useful in everyday life. Use it, it is easy to learn and contains a lot of different functions.

If you liked the material and used it, please write about it in the comments.

Learning English. Vocabulary for grade 2. Part 1 .: 5 comments

I have been looking for something similar for a long time, but I could not find it. Thank you very much for your work, straight to the point.

Thank you very much for the work done.

CLASS . I would like to continue.

Continuation exists. In addition to the compilation of words, there are several posts with flashcards for learning these words.

Thank you very much for the information, now I will not make such a mistake.

We are all passengers of the same ship named Earth

English Grade 2 — Page 2

1- one (uan) 6- six (six) 11- eleven (ilevn)

2- two (tu) 7- seven (seven) 12- twelve (tvvel)

3- three (fries) 8- eight (eyt)

4- four (pho) 9- nine (nine)

5- five (five) 10- ten (ten)

Plural of Nouns

The plural of nouns is formed by adding an ending —sor —es

We are learning a language, surrounded by a vacuum. Lucky for those who are in a fertile environment of native speakers. They grasp new words and phrases on the fly, learn to form sentences, questions and negations, understand why it is necessary to use this or that article, pronoun, verb tense, etc. And even if they do not understand, they just remember. Because there is an example to follow nearby.

Those who have been cheated by such a gift should not be discouraged! Firstly, there is such a miracle in the world as the Internet, thanks to which we exist everywhere and everywhere. You can always find penpals. They are also interested in talking to you. And believe me, nobody cares about your level of English. The main thing is that, albeit with the most incredible language mistakes, you can express your thoughts. And communication is always practice. The more the better.

Free listening comprehension — movies, TV series, books, songs in English. Forget dubbing. Watch with subtitles. I remember my brother in his distant childhood could explain in Japanese for a year after he watched anime and drama with subtitles every day. Your brain subconsciously makes bridges, creates connections, remembers. The main thing is to give him that opportunity.

So the lack of an English-speaking environment is another weak excuse for your laziness and lack of ingenuity.

Secondly, since books, films and online communication are your only sources of new words and expressions, you need to have a dictionary with you at all times and keep it as close to your body as possible. It is even better to always carry it with you, so that when you have a free minute, you can drop in and teach. Great wisdom, passed down from generation to generation: languages are taught with booty.

We highlight a common notebook, convenient, beautiful — you still have to live with it. We divide it into three columns, as taught at school: English version, transcription and translation into Russian. If you are already very advanced, you can skip the second column. Sat down to watch a movie or read a book — write down everything that seemed interesting or necessary to you.

As there is time, close the column with the English version, read Russian aloud and pronounce the translation as a memento.

English Vocabulary. Notebook-dictionary in English

You have read one page, you know you made mistakes, read it again. Set aside 20 minutes of your time every day for this. You can even do it several times: 10 minutes in the morning, 10 minutes in the evening. Old fashioned method, I know. But it always works. I have similar dictionaries for all languages, although I have been studying, for example, English for over 9 years.

When I started to learn German, in addition to the vocabulary, I also had a cardboard sheet filled with expressions necessary during a conversation («Do me a favor», «I’m fine»), and introductory words («in general», «in short,» «At least», etc.). It was called «Essential».

There are three main points. First, don’t overdo it. It makes no sense to write down everything. Why do you need words like «collet», «stirrup», «snap close» or «cafard»? Write what you can then use (for example, during conversations with your teacher. Second: do not take words out of context.

Write out phrases and whole sentences! Third: not only have you written them down, you constantly look at them and say them aloud. It must be used in speech, and this is a guarantee that they will move from a passive vocabulary to an active one.

Write messages or letters to your English-speaking friends, keep a blog or diary in the language and shove your beautiful words and expressions into them.

The dictionary is your support, an intermediary between the bottomless vocabulary of a foreign language and your memory. Enrich your vocabulary. Love the word as Stephen Fry says. Stop using primitive language with such «little things» as «bro», «wassup» and, God forbid, «lol». Develop and speak beautifully.

Some great expressions for your dictionaries:

to know one’s onions — know something thoroughly, know something by heart

to take smth. with a pinch of salt — treat something with suspicion, skepticism

Keep up the good work! — Keep it up!

to kiss good-bye — put an end to something (eg “If you leave your camera on a park bench, you can kiss it good-bye”)

I’m having the time of my life — I’m having a great time; i’m having fun

So far, so good — So far, everything is going well.

List of English words Grade 2

Issue of cards «Two — NO!» for the second grade was created taking into account the lexical minimum of the first or second year of study in schools with in-depth study of the language. Also, the textbook was addressed to first graders, with the study of English, and students of the older grades, when studying English as a second foreign language. Pupils who study the language according to the programs of a comprehensive school, the release could be used for a longer time.

The issue includes 300 words and phrases and 14 blank cards. On this page we offer samples of some pictures and a complete list of words and phrases in the issue.

nouns:

animal apple hand kid badminton bag ball balloon banana bear bed bee bike bird board cube boat book box boy brother bus butterfly cage cake machine carpet cat ceiling chair chicken child (children) circus class clock crocodile daughter school desk doctor dog doll door chauffeur duck ear egg elephant exercise notebook eye face father (dad) fish sex food leg (legs) football fox friend frog fruit, fruit fun, fun game garden giraffe girl grass gun hair hare hat head chicken hide and seek house horse house (building) ice cream juice kite kitten lamp leaf (leaves) leg lemon letter, letter lion male (men) milk monkey mother (mother) mouse (mice) mouth music name neck nest nose number nut orange page parents park parrot pen pencil pet picture pie pig, piglet pilot airplane plate playground for games pupil puppy rabbit room rose ruler school sheep ship shirt sister skates, skate ski skirt, ski zm her sofa son song sport playground snow snow snowman stadium star stick stone suit, be to face pool table tail teacher thing tie tiger time tooth (teeth) top toy train tree trick, trick, prank wall water window wolf (wolves)

zoo

Source: http://lengva.ru/anglijskij-yazyk-2-klass-slovar-uchit/

30 tricks to help you memorize words better

The prospect of forgetting everything you learned during a long-awaited conversation with native speakers doesn’t make you very happy, right? Me too. Then remember the important principles for replenishing an active vocabulary in a foreign language: study and practice. Regularly.

It is not enough to memorize a list of words in order to use them in speech or understand by ear in the future. Most likely, most will fly out of my head and not be remembered in the right situation. Your task — feel comfortable with every new expression that you learn and make it part of your vocabulary.

In this article, I will share with you effective methods that will help you learn to memorize words with a view to their further application in practice. I’ll also tell you what worked for me. Remember, it is not the quantity that matters, but the quality of memorization, let’s go!

1 Create a personal dictionary

Since the dictionary is personal, you will keep it in the way that is convenient for you. Write in a notebook or type on your computer.

Keep track of which methods work best for you and apply them.
Don’t learn too many words at once. Let it be a limited amount for a week.
You can add a notebook to the dictionary for those words that you learn this week. Cross out words as you memorize and add new ones.
Maintain a dictionary regularly, review it, and repeat words using the methods we will talk about next.

I tried different methods and simulators for memorization, but still stayed with my own: I practice exercises online and write down words with a pen in a notebook (a foreign word and an example of its use nearby).

2 Remember the school method

You can keep a dictionary traditionally (as we did at school): a column of words in Russian and an English version opposite each. Test yourself by covering each column with your hand in turn. I do not like this method, as it involves cramming individual words. Instead of learning to apply a word to a situation, we simply memorize a meaningless list that seldom makes sense apart from the situation.

3 Explore the context

Many people underestimate the power of context. In many languages, especially in English, words are ambiguous. By ignoring the context, you are making a big mistake. You can simply use it out of place in speech or misunderstand what is being said to you. Always work with context, no matter what materials you study.

4 Apply explanatory dictionaries with voice acting

Reduce the use of Russian-English (or other similar) vocabulary in teaching. If you really want to rely on a dictionary, take an explanatory dictionary of the target language, for example, English-English. Read examples of the use of a new word, immediately listen to its voice acting and repeat it aloud after a native speaker.

5 Make proposals from the 1st person

After reading the examples in the dictionary, immediately compose your own. Make a few sentences in the first person, that is, «from yourself.» Gradually, your list of ready-made phrases for conversation will be replenished.

6 Select thematic groups

I noticed that it is easier for me to memorize words by topic. It is enough to choose 7-15 words and master using several methods in combination.

I remember when I was taking courses myself, we made a menu for our restaurant, when we went through the topic of food, created projects to improve the environment, when we discussed the environment, made a resume and played out an interview when we learned business vocabulary.

7 Record synonyms and antonyms

When you memorize a word, immediately write down to it a couple of synonyms (words with the same meaning) or antonyms (words with the opposite meaning).

8 Prepare cards

You can make the cards yourself, order ready-made ones, or find them in online format. The bottom line is that on one side you write a word, and on the other its translation. I adapted this method for myself as follows: on one side there is a phrase (not a separate word!), And on the other an example of use or a phrase with a word skip, but without translation into Russian!

9 Glue Stickers

If you need to memorize single words, such as the names of items on your desktop, in the kitchen or in the hall, stick stickers with words in a foreign language. Without translation!

10 Find associations

Our brains love to make connections between new information and what we already know. Everything that we read, listen to and watch, he brings into pictures, feelings, ideas. This is how we remember. You can use a simple method: take a new word and remember what or with what situation you associate it. Or write it down.

11 Draw pictures and diagrams

Again, it all depends on imagination. Write down a word to remember and make a diagram describing what ideas you have. You can just draw a funny picture or mind map if there are many words. In order not to look for a leaf every time and not waste time, allocate a special notebook for this lesson. By the way, this method helps to remember information on other topics as well.

12 Speak and spell

Any new word or expression can simply be spelled out and spoken out loud on the day of study and several times during the week until you feel that you can use it in practice.

13 Play out dialogues

What could be better than sentences with new words? Full dialogue with them! Play with the teacher situations in which you have to use new expressions. This will help you gain confidence, prepare yourself, and practice how to use these words in your speech.

14 Making up stories

This is a great thing, which I will talk about separately later. Sometimes there are a lot of words. And we really need to learn everything. The question is: how to memorize more and at the same time effectively? Answer: make a story in which you connect all these words together. Let it be funny, stupid and incomprehensible about what, your task is to come up with and help yourself in memorization. As you come up with situations and visualize the story in detail, pictures are created in your mind and you remember.

15 Explain in other words

Previously, I often heard from students: «What will this word be in English?», «How to say?» Such tactics are not conducive to promotion. You cannot learn all the words, there will always be something unfamiliar, and constantly asking again in a conversation or looking into a dictionary is not the case. Learn to express thoughts in different ways.

Next to each word in the explanatory dictionary (English-English and so on), there is a description of its meaning. And you write your own description and speak it out loud. How would you explain to a friend or acquaintance what this word means? This workout will help you out more than once. If you do not remember difficult words, you will definitely be able to explain them in a different way and convey your thought to the interlocutor.

16 Make combinations

As you memorize a word, immediately check and write down what it goes with. It is useful to deal with the parts of speech.

Let’s say a noun takes an article (a book, the Sun), some verbs assume a preposition after itself (wait for, get back), and some adjectives can only be used to describe people.

Mark such moments and record them in the dictionary.

17 Learn parts of words

Use word roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings to understand the meaning of a word. For example, you can find out the meaning of a noun if you already know a cognate verb or the meaning of a particular word prefix.

Think about which parts of a word you see most often, and make a list. By memorizing them gradually, you will automatically guess more and more new words.

Let’s see how this works in English.

If we add to the verb suffix or / er, we get the occupation of the person: employ -> employer; act («to act», «to play in the theater») -> actor («actor»).

If you add to the adjective suffix ness, we get a noun (some mathematical formulas :)): kind («kind») -> kindness («kindness»); happy -> happiness.

Any language is a puzzle that we put together piece by piece, then get a whole. Practice and this tip will help you.

18 Play vocabulary games

An unobtrusive way to check if you really remember new words and expressions is to go through games, tests, memory games and crosswords on the Internet. You can easily find word games by searching on the Internet. If there is a lot of time, then on certain complex topics you can compose crosswords yourself and exchange with other students.

19 Sing songs

Source: https://elenaruvel.com/30-ulovok-kotorye-pomogut-luchshe-zapominat-slova/

How to choose

If you have English in one form or another in your life, you will definitely need a good dictionary. Now there are dictionaries for every taste and color, how not to get lost in this variety and choose the right one?

Today we will explain which dictionary is suitable for beginners and show you what should be in your dictionary in order for it to bring you maximum benefit.

You probably know that dictionaries are divided into monolingual («English-English») and bilingual («English-Russian» / «Russian-English»).

Monolingual Are explanatory dictionaries in which the meaning of a word is explained in English.

Advantages:

the meaning of the word is not distorted by the Russian translation, you can understand the meaning of the original English word.
You get the opportunity to completely immerse yourself and learn English (right here), without letting the Russian language interfere with your educational process

Disadvantages:

Still, there is a risk that you will not fully understand the meaning of the word and will not find its analogue in Russian, which means that you will not remember
This kind of dictionaries is not suitable for beginners.

Bilingual — «English-Russian / Russian-English» dictionaries, that is, giving a translation into Russian / from Russian.

Advantages:

Ideal for beginners
Accurate translation into Russian will make it easier to remember a new English word

Disadvantages:

You just remember the translation, but you may not fully understand the meaning of the word
You are forced to switch to Russian, which may slow down the learning process and immersion in English a little.

For Russian-speaking students from the very beginning, only a bilingual dictionary is required. Nevertheless, our native language is too different from English, so we cannot do without a bilingual dictionary.

As you may have noticed, the disadvantages of a monolingual dictionary are essentially the advantages of a bilingual dictionary (and vice versa). That is, ideally using both. Starting from the Pre-Intermediate level, you can start using a monolingual dictionary in parallel and try to use a bilingual one only when necessary.

So, since Russian-speaking students definitely need a bilingual dictionary, let’s separately consider the main criteria for choosing just such a dictionary.

What must be in your English-Russian dictionary:

Word meanings… A good vocabulary should give you more than one meaning for each word, or you might miss out on important meanings. However, it is not recommended for beginners to use dictionaries that provide so many meanings for each word that it becomes difficult to remember even one of them.
Transcription / Voice acting of the word… The presence of the transcription of the word in the paper dictionary and the ability to listen to the word in the online dictionary or application will allow you to remember the word immediately with the correct pronunciation. If you are using a paper version of the dictionary, phonetic transcription will help you read the word correctly. Having British and American pronunciations in the dictionary is definitely an advantage, because they can differ significantly from each other.
Examples of the use of the word… To understand in what context it is appropriate to use a new word, examples of its use will greatly help you. In addition, along with the context of use, it will be much easier for you to remember it.
Indication of a part of speech, cognate words… At the initial stage of your training, it will be very useful to learn how to identify parts of speech, because this is what will help you correctly form phrases. In addition, in English, it is often the same word, it can be both a noun and a verb. Therefore, by seeing the same root words, you can immediately find out about it. For example, the verb “to study” is to study, the noun “study” is a study.

For non-printable dictionaries, there are also quite obvious technical criteria, but you can check them already in the process of working with them:

Ease of use. How quickly and easily can you find the desired word, whether all the information about the word is conveniently located, whether it is easy to read, and so on.
The speed of the computer dictionary. If you have no problems with the Internet speed, but the dictionary is loading for more than 5-10 seconds, this indicates its technical problems. In this case, you should think about changing the dictionary.

Printed dictionaries (dictionaries — books)

Nowadays, the use of printed dictionaries is rather rare. They simply do not keep pace with the changing modern language and quickly become outdated. In addition, good dictionaries with a really large stock of words and expressions are very voluminous, and looking for a word in a printed dictionary is long and inconvenient compared to electronic analogues.

Nevertheless, if you are a lover of dictionaries-books, we will give you recommendations on which editions to choose.

Electronic and online dictionaries

These are the dictionaries that are always at hand when you are sitting at the computer.

The most popular computer dictionary program is ABBYY Lingvo. Such a translator will work on your computer without the Internet, but you will have to pay to use it.

If you do not need to work with a dictionary offline, there are numerous online dictionaries that can be opened directly in your browser if you have an Internet connection.

Mobile Apps

An unambiguous «must-have» for all studying courses — English for children and adults. A very convenient option for quickly viewing new words wherever you are. And what is important — the dictionary is fully downloaded to your phone, that is, it works even without the Internet.

Have you decided what you like? Then now we will give you recommendations for each type of dictionaries.

Monolingual («English-English») dictionaries

Printed. Recommended dictionaries from publishers:

Longman
Oxford
Collins
Cambridge

Dictionaries — online:

Free mobile apps:

Bilingual («English-Russian», «Russian-English») dictionaries.

Printed:

Dictionaries V.K. Müller
New Comprehensive English-Russian Dictionary by Y.D. Apresyan (in three volumes)
The Comprehensive English-Russian Dictionary ABBYY Lingvo

Dictionaries — online:

multitran.ru.
ABBYY Lingvo
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ru/

Mobile applications (free):

Google translator
Yandex translate
English-Russian dictionary
ABBYY Lingvo

We hope our article was useful to you and, if you have not yet decided on the dictionaries, now you can do it! We recommend that you choose a bilingual dictionary — an online mobile application, and if your level is pre-intermediate and above, do not forget to also choose a monolingual (explanatory) dictionary in a format convenient for you.

In our article, we have only touched on the choice of a basic vocabulary, which will become your universal assistant in learning English. But be aware that there are a lot of special dictionaries that can be very useful to you: dictionaries with synonyms and antonyms, with slang, idioms, phrasal verbs, and others. We also recommend using them no earlier than from the pre-intermediate level. We will definitely tell you about these dictionaries in the near future.

Until then, we wish you the best in choosing your ideal vocabulary!

Source: https://sayes.ru/blog/kak-pravilno-vybrat-slovar-anglyiskogo-yazyka/

Thematic dictionary of the English language: 3000 common words

This dictionary contains 3000 commonly used English words — this is the core of the vocabulary, the most necessary words that you need to strive to learn first. Words are categorized by parts of speech and topics. You can also download the entire dictionary in one file.

Vocabulary 3000

English alphabet
Reading rules

Nature
Animals, plants
Time
Human
Mathematics
Physical phenomena, characteristics
Materials
Technique
Space
Logic
Thinking
Psychology, feelings
Family
Relationships
Cooperation
Painting, photography
Cinema, theater, music
Literature
Religion
Sport
Communication
Studies
Science
State and society
Army
Economy, business
Industrials
Work, Career
Professions, positions
City
Transport
Law
House, everyday life
Food
Apparel
Medicine
Information Technology

If it seems to you that 3000 words is too much, I recommend starting with the 500 Dictionary — this is a short extract from the 3000 Dictionary for beginners, the main one is chosen from the main one.

Why are there exactly 3000 words in the dictionary?

Linguists estimate that the base of vocabulary in English is roughly 2000 to 3000 words.

The 1000 most common words cover 78-81% of the written text.
3000 words — about 85% of the text.
6000-7000 words — 90% of the text.

It turns out that the first 3000 words by frequency of use give understanding of 85% of the text, and the second 3000 — add only 5%. Each next thousand words adds much less than the previous one.

This is due to the fact that less common words (not included in the most common 3000) are rare.

Therefore, it is believed that for the fastest learning of the language, it is most effective to learn the most common 2000-3000 words, and then replenish the vocabulary by reading and listening to original materials: news, fiction, films, radio, etc.

What counts as one word in English?

Speaking about vocabulary, scientists understand by one word not a single word, but a word family — the central word (headword) plus its derivatives, which are formed using endings, prefixes and suffixes.

It is enough to know the basics of grammar and the laws of word formation to make a burner or burnable from the word burn. The 3000 dictionary contains 3000 central words. Knowing the peculiarities of word formation, you will understand not only these 3000 words, but also all their derivatives.

Will I be fluent in English by learning these 3000 words?

Vocabulary is a very important, but not the only, component of language proficiency. Knowledge of words alone will only give you knowledge of words. To master the language, you need knowledge of the basics of grammar and practice in speech activity (it includes reading, listening, speaking and writing).

In his book «How to learn English» I call this combination the language formula:

Language proficiency = (vocabulary + grammar) × practice in 4 types of speech activity.

Vocabulary 3000 is a concise way to build the foundations of your vocabulary. For more, he does not pretend.

How to learn English words?

I run not only this site, but also a channel on, in this video I share tips on how to learn English words. Hope you find it interesting!

Source: https://langformula.ru/voc3000/

Some useful recommendations

It used to be difficult to imagine learning a foreign language without a special dictionary, which the student filled out on his own. Today, students’ opinions on the maintenance of a personal vocabulary differ. Some people think that maintaining a dictionary is absolutely useless; others, on the contrary, are a necessity. Let’s figure out what are the advantages of maintaining a dictionary, and how to maintain it correctly.

Benefits of maintaining a dictionary:

The dictionary helps you organize your vocabulary building work.
By writing down the words that you are learning today, for example, it will be easier for you to find them after a while.
It happens that the learned word at the right moment flies out of our heads. And when we try to find a word on the Internet, an online translator gives us a synonym instead of the word we need.
The same can happen with the search for the necessary phraseological units, phrasal verbs and stable phrases on the Internet. If we have all the learned terms and phrases written down, it is easier for us to navigate in them, especially if they are broken down by topic (but we will move on to how best to keep a dictionary a little later).
When we write down new terms, we memorize them faster, since mechanical and visual memory is included in the work.

In fact, a dictionary is a handy tool that helps us learn new vocabulary faster and move it from liability to asset.

How to maintain an English dictionary to memorize words

At school, we divided the notebook into three columns (or bought a ready-made notebook-dictionary): in the first we wrote down the word in English, in the second — the transcription, in the third — the translation. However, this method actually did not help much in the assimilation of new vocabulary.

How many of these words can we remember today?

This dictionary was regularly updated with dozens of new words that we had to learn for the dictation in the next lesson. However, after that same unfortunate dictation, the new terms disappeared from memory without a trace.

The fact is that this method was focused exclusively on cramming. We learned the words, but we didn’t teach how to use them correctly.

So it turns out that after 10-11 years of studying English at school, we can understand a little English, but we ourselves cannot connect two words.

In fact, the fact that we kept such a dictionary was of little use, if there was one at all. Therefore, we propose to consider more effective methods of maintaining a personal dictionary in English.

The first option is a thematic dictionary:

Many people find it much easier to memorize new vocabulary if it is divided into thematic groups. Therefore, we advise you to divide words by topic when learning words. Give each topic a few pages. For example, three pages of the dictionary for the topic «weather», three for the topic «airport», three more — for stable phrases with the word «get», and so on.
If it is convenient for you to read the transcription, write it down next to the words (or above the words), the pronunciation of which is difficult for you to remember.
Write down the meaning of the word / phrase. If your level of language proficiency allows you, write an interpretation in English. At the same time, we still recommend that you look at the translation of the word (if necessary, write it down next to the English interpretation). This is to make sure you get the word right.
It happens that the interpretation does not quite accurately convey the meaning of the word, therefore, for reassurance, it is still better to look at its analogue in your native language.
If a word has many meanings, write down a few of the most frequently used ones. This will avoid confusion if you later come across the word in a different context.
— Find and write down examples of the use of a word (phrase) in order to understand how it can be used.
In this case, it is advisable to write out 2-3 examples so that you can see what shades the word acquires in context. If you wrote down several meanings of a word, write down an example of the use for each of them.
If you have already reached the Pre-intermediate level, also write down idioms with the word you are learning.
Also, write down several synonyms and antonyms for each word. This helps to build an associative array.
For example, you learn the word tight-fisted and write greedy as a synonym for it. When you need to remember a learned word, an associative connection may automatically appear in your memory: “The term I needed was a synonym for the word greedy. Oh sure, tight-fisted! » You can also create figurative associations and write them down as verbal clues. For example, let’s take the same word — tight-fisted.

It can be associated with Scrooge, both McDuck and the protagonist of A Christmas Carol. Therefore, next to the word, you can write the name Scrooge. If you wish, you can draw a picture, this technique helps many.

Make so-called mind maps

This method is suitable for people who have the best visual memory. To do this, write the topic word in the center of the page. For example weather. And draw arrows from it, at the end of which write down what the weather might be like: sunny, rainy, and so on.

Using this method, you can learn not only new words, but also grammatical constructions. At the same time, on the back of the sheet, write out several sentences with the words that you are learning. Alternatively, you can have a separate notebook for examples of use.

Blocks of words

Another way to maintain a dictionary is to write vocabulary in blocks, the words in which are not thematically related to each other. This method is suitable if you often learn new vocabulary from films, books and articles. So, when watching a movie, it will not be very convenient to look for a page with the topic you need. It will be much easier to write out just words and phrases on one page.

Allocate multiple pages per block of words. The block must include the quantity
When writing down a word, write down its meaning and transcription, if necessary.
Under each word (phrase), write down the sentence in which you met it. Then check how the word can still be used, and write down 1 or 2 other examples of its use. To do this, you can use google search or dictionaries like http://context.reverso.net/.
Also, if these are expressions from the film, you can write down the explanation situation. For example, the hero said a phrase that you learn when he was angry when he saw that his money was gone — just write it down. This will be your beacon. Remembering the situation, it will be easier for you to remember the phrase itself.
Next to each block of words, write down the dates of their repetitions.
On the next sheet highlighted for this block, write down phrases and words in English. And during the repetition, write down the translation or interpretation to them. On another sheet, come up with your use cases. Then write down the meaning of the words or phrases that you are learning, but already in Russian, and the next time you repeat it, try to remember them yourself in English.

When maintaining a block dictionary, it is possible (and even necessary) to use the methods described in the maintenance of a thematic dictionary. That is, write down synonyms, word associations, antonyms, etc.

Dictionaries can be kept both in paper form and in electronic form. For example, create a folder «dictionary» on your computer, in which you create several documents (each document on one topic). Or one document split into several sheets.

Although, when writing by hand, new vocabulary will be memorized faster, and it is much easier to find everything in one notebook than in several documents in an electronic folder.

Such methods of maintaining a personal dictionary of a foreign language are convenient and effective. They help to organize the studied vocabulary and memorize it faster. You just have to choose the method that is convenient for you.

Source: https://tryeng.ru/1980

8 best online dictionaries for learning English

In the age of computer technology, it is impossible to imagine learning a foreign language without an online dictionary or translator. Paper dictionaries are gradually fading into the background, because everyone who has a computer, tablet and phone uses applications and programs for translating words, which have a number of undeniable advantages over the traditional paper dictionary.

Firstly, online dictionaries provide all the necessary information in seconds, just enter the desired word and expression in the search field.

Secondly, online programs and dictionaries have many times more features and functions than their paper counterparts. Electronic dictionaries give the maximum number of meanings of a word, explanations, examples, for which there is simply no place in a paper dictionary.

Third, online dictionaries are interactive. For example, they allow you not only to see the transcription, but also to listen to how the word is pronounced. In some dictionaries, it is even possible to listen to examples or read explanations of user explanations. In addition, online dictionaries do not take up space and you can always have them with you.

And the last thing I want to emphasize is that you can use online dictionaries for free. The vast majority of online English dictionaries contain complete and comprehensive information freely available, for which you do not need to pay. If you need a specialized vocabulary or advanced features, there may be a fee for that.

Online dictionaries only function if they are connected to the Internet. And if you want to install an electronic version of the dictionary on your computer, download additional dictionaries on various topics, then most likely you will have to pay for a license.

What online dictionary do you use?

Almost everyone to whom I asked this question, without hesitation, calls Goodle Translate. It is easy to use and provides a ready translation. But Goodle Translate will not be included in our list of recommended online dictionaries. I do not recommend using Google Translate to learn English for your students or you. This is not a dictionary, but a translator. He does not teach you to learn and does not make you think.

If your level of English is already Pre-intermediate or higher, then you need to switch to monolingual explanatory dictionaries and forget about translations into Russian.

But which dictionary should you choose? How to find a suitable one?

Especially for you, I have chosen the best, most popular online dictionaries, most of which are monolingual, that is, they do not provide translations into Russian, to which you are so accustomed, but offer interpretations of words in English. Monolingual online dictionaries will definitely come in handy when learning English, so read the descriptions, choose the one that you like the most and use!

Longman contemporary dictionary

If your level is Pre-intermediate or higher, then this online dictionary is for you.

The explanations of the words are in English, but they are pretty simple.
You can listen to the British and American pronunciations.
Information is given on how often the word is used.
The dictionary offers many examples of the use of words.
You can listen to the sample sentences.
Stable combinations, combinations with prepositions are given.
Explains the difference between American and British translations.
Explanations are provided from the Longman Business Dictionary, so the dictionary can be used for both General Course students and Business English students.

Oxford Living Dictionaries

This monolingual dictionary is also suitable for the Pre-Intermediate level and above.

The explanations are short, the transcription is suggested and the pronunciation of the word can be listened to.
Initially, one or two examples are given, due to which the information is easy to perceive.
It is possible to get more examples and synonyms by clicking on the More Examples or Synonyms buttons.
The default is British, but you can switch to the American English Dictionary from the top menu to listen to the American pronunciation and learn the meaning and usage of the word in American English.
There is a thesaurus that presents synonyms as well as synonyms from different dialects.
Stable combinations, idioms with a keyword are given.
Grammar is a lot of useful information: differences in the use of words, grammar tips, punctuation rules and much more.

Source: https://enginform.com/article/top-8-slovarey-dlya-izucheniya-angliyskogo

How to maintain a dictionary of foreign words

A personal handwritten dictionary should be kept by every person who is just starting to learn a foreign language. Although today more and more students decide to give up their vocabulary. Like, why, if there is an Internet with a large number of translators? Or special mobile applications with already built-in dictionaries? In addition, there are new words in the teaching materials that are given out in the courses.

But neither one nor the other will replace your personal vocabulary. First, you will navigate your vocabulary much faster. For example, if you cannot remember a word, but you know that it is written in your dictionary, you can quickly find it in the records. In addition, the memorization process itself goes much better if you do not type a word on the keyboard, but personally write it out with a pen. Indeed, in this case, not only your visual, but also the mechanical memory mechanism works.

School vocabulary

Even at school, the teachers told us how to correctly compile such a dictionary. The recipe is simple:

We divide a sheet of a common notebook into 3 columns;
In the first column we write down the word in English;
In the second column — the transcription of the word;
And in the third column — its translation into Russian.

At first glance, it seems that this is an almost perfect dictionary. But it’s actually not very useful. Seriously, remember how often you repeated the words from your notebook, and how many of them can you remember today?

The problem with this vocabulary is that it is meant to be memorized. You learned the words without really thinking about their meaning, wrote a dictionary dictation, and immediately forgot everything successfully. Until the next dictation. Such a vocabulary has no «context». Therefore, it is better to choose one of the following vocabulary options.

Subject vocabulary

The most common option among students. You write down all the words in it not out of sync, but on the topic. For example: home, work, on the road, kitchen, leisure, concert, greetings, etc. It is much easier to navigate in such a dictionary, and the study of new concepts is much faster. Just remember, if the same word occurs in different thematic circumstances, repeat it several times in the dictionary as well.

In a thematic dictionary, in addition to translating a word into Russian, it is advisable to also write phrases or even sentences with the word being studied. As for the transcription, it is better to write it above or below the words. But not over all, but only over those whose pronunciation you cannot remember in any way. Otherwise, it will simply distract you from memorization.

And also get used to the fact that, as in Russian, many words in English are ambiguous. And you should write out all the common values so as not to get confused.

And the last — it is very useful to write out synonyms and antonyms next to the word. So when you repeat one word, you will also learn a few more.

Do not forget to also indicate the part of speech next to each word. For example, the word «dash» can be a noun, a verb, or even an exclamation. And in each case, his translation will be different.

Use bullets to style the dictionary. For example, highlight synonyms in green and antonyms in pink. This will help your visual memory.

Intellect Dictionary

For people who have a well-developed visual memory, an intellect dictionary is perfect. But it will not replace, but rather simply supplement the thematic vocabulary. The meaning of an intelligence dictionary is visual design. For example, you might not just paint a kitchen theme. And to make each sequence deliberate.

For example, in the center of the sheet you write the word kitchen, take a lot of arrows away from it. Under one of them you write the kitchen table (it is in the kitchen). Also take several arrows away from it and under one write — a vase (it is on the table). And then one arrow from the vase — candies (they are in the vase).

This method may seem more complicated and confusing to many, so you should not advise everyone.

Blocks Dictionary

Blocks, of course, are not building blocks, but verbal ones. Such a dictionary is suitable for people who are used to learning new vocabulary from films, songs or books. In this case, the words are not divided thematically, but according to the works where you first met them. For example, the movie «Titanic» in the original voice acting. Set aside a few pages of the dictionary for him and write out all the unfamiliar words with the translation there. It is also important to write side by side the sentence in which the given word was used.

The most important thing with this method of study is to review the films after a while in order to understand which words you have already memorized and which have not yet. Also get used to the fact that often in different pictures the meaning of the same word will differ depending on the context.

Dictionary of idioms

If your level of English is pre-intermediate or even higher, then it’s time to get a dictionary of idioms.

Idioms are words, phrases or phraseological units that, when literally translated, turn into complete nonsense. You can understand them only in a certain context.

For example, a very common word (especially in sports) is underdog. Its literal translation is «under the dog.» A Russian-speaking person simply will not be able to understand its meaning. Moreover, even the almighty google cannot help us.

It will just tell you that «underdog = loser». Which is also not entirely correct. And the correct translation will be much more verbose. Underdog is a loser that everyone gave up on for a long time, but who eventually succeeds.

To learn this lesson, listen to the song of the same name by the band Brutto.

Or a closer example is the popular Hot Dog dish, which translates to hot dog.

If we go back to thematic dictionaries again, then it is not for nothing that learning new vocabulary in Englishpapa courses also goes by topic. So you can fill out your vocabulary with the rest of the students in the course.

Source: https://vitebsk.englishpapa.by/slovar-inostrannyh-slov/

Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free

How to raise a polyglot child? The answer is simple: start learning languages with him as early as possible. Basic English will be an excellent foundation for future knowledge of the baby and will help develop learning skills, because the brain of children at an early age absorbs an almost endless amount of information like a sponge. The main thing is to present it correctly.

In this article, you will find not only easy first English words for kids, but also tips for learning them. Open the fascinating world of the English language to your kid!

At what age do we start teaching?

The opinions of experts and parents themselves about the age at which to start learning English with a child differ. Of course, you can start singing lullabies in English to your baby even from infancy, but your energy will be almost wasted.

Most agree that the most optimal age at which the average child begins to adequately learn English as a foreign language is 2,5-3 years. It is believed that at this age the process of the formation of native speech is already ending. That is, the child should be able to clearly pronounce Russian sounds and words, as well as build sentences and have a coherent speech.

The exceptions here are cases when a child grows up in a multicultural environment. For example, if mom is Russian and dad is English, then you can communicate with your child in two languages from the very beginning. True, then your child will be funny to form sentences, and questions like: «Mom, can I have an apple» will constantly sound in the house.

This approach is good when the family lives abroad, where the main language is a foreign one. As they get older and start attending kindergarten, the child will understand how the languages of their parents differ and will begin to use words in the correct context. This applies, by the way, not only to English, but also to any foreign language.

If you want your child to speak only English from the very beginning, you can artificially create a multicultural environment. For example, at home talking with your baby only in a foreign language.

Is it possible to send a child to a language nursery or kindergarten with an English bias? Then do it without further thought. So the multicultural environment will be natural for the child: in the nursery, they will communicate with him mainly in English, and at home you will be able to talk with the baby in Russian. In specialized language kindergartens, educators will help your child learn English in a natural environment, and at home you can consolidate knowledge with him through various games and riddles.

If it is not possible to send your child to a language kindergarten, start learning English at home using the same methods that you used to study your native language with him.

How to learn English with a child?

At a young age, of course, we are not talking about grammar or spelling of English words. To begin with, the child needs to learn how to pronounce sounds correctly, memorize letters and form a basic vocabulary. By the way, it will be much easier for a kid than for an adult to remember the correct pronunciation of English sounds, which are so different from Russian ones. They will not have to rebuild their articulation apparatus as much as we, adults, who have been speaking their native language for many years.

Here is a list of the skills to develop in a preschooler first:

— listening comprehension
— speaking
— reading

So that learning English does not become a burden for the child — add an element of play to the learning process.

Get a bright doll-glove and make it a kind of «teacher» for your child. Introduce the baby to the new toy and tell him that she only understands English, which means that in order to play with it, the child needs to learn a new interesting language. So this toy will become the main intermediary between you and your child in learning English.

The first step is to learn the alphabet and the correct pronunciation of letters and basic sounds with your child. It is better to do this with the help of the popular ABC Song. This is how not only foreigners learn the English alphabet all over the world, but also the native speakers themselves.

Next — form basic English for children: words and simple phrases. For example, make flashcards for basic words that your child already knows in their native language. These can be household items, animals, body parts, etc. It is better that the cards are bright, with the writing of a word and a picture that symbolizes a particular object. You can stick these cards on household items so that the child constantly sees the names of the items in English and remembers them automatically.

Incorporate English words into your regular vocabulary when communicating with your child. In the context of what is happening around, it will be much easier for the baby to understand and learn the language. When playing at home or outdoors, use the phrases and words you have already learned. If the child says to you: “Mom, look, cat!”, Then answer: “Yes, indeed, it is a cat. What will it be in English? A cat. This is a cat «.

By the way, it is better to start learning not just single words, but whole phrases at once, as in the example above. That is, to acquaint with the very, most basic grammar. After all, if you tell your child only words, he will only know the translation, and if you start using whole sentences, then he will memorize sentences.

For learning English with a child, clarity and variety are important. Children may like books in English with bright pictures that can be read together before bed instead of the usual Russian fairy tales. Also, do not forget about special educational cartoons in English, where bright characters tell the child about the basics of the language or learn the alphabet with him.

Have fun learning games with your toddler to keep them from getting bored with learning English. These can be cards, pantomimes, drawings, and much more.

Basic set of words with transcription and translation

The first English words for children with which to start learning a language are those that surround the child every day. Below you will find a list of such words by topic.

Family [ˈfæmɪli] — family

Mother [ˈmʌðə] — mother
Father [ˈfɑːðə] — father
Brother [ˈbrʌðə] — brother
Sister [ˈsɪstə] — sister
Grandmother [ˈgrænˌmʌðə] — grandmother
Grandfather [ˈgrændˌfɑːðə] — grandfather

body[ˈBɒdi] — body

Source: https://puzzle-english.com/directory/words-for-kids

Vocabulary size: how many English words you need to know for fluency

One-two-three-four-five How many words should I know? Sam Gendreau, founder of the Lingholic project, will answer this question. He will talk about what the 95/5 rule is and how it works for those who are learning a foreign language. No magic, just math!

English students often ask, «How many words do I have to learn to be able to keep up a conversation on any topic?» Good question, but before I answer it, let me ask another: how many words do you think there are in English? A question to which there is no intelligible answer.

Why? It is impossible to count the number of words in a language for one simple reason — it is difficult to decide what to count as a word.

For example, the Oxford Dictionary is said to have 464 meanings for the word set. Should we consider a polysemantic word as one word, or should each interpretation be considered a separate word? And what about phrasal verbs: “set up”, “set about”, “set apart”, etc.

? What about the so-called open compounds — words like “hot dog”, “ice cream”, “real estate”? Add to this the singular and plural forms, verb conjugations, different endings, prefixes and suffixes — and you will understand why it is so problematic to answer how many words there are in English.

In fact, the question should be posed like this: «Do you know how many words are in the largest dictionary of the English language?» If you roughly imagine the number of words in a language, it can be compared to the number of words used 90-95% of the time in everyday speech and in the news.

Talk less, work more

In 1960, the famous American children’s writer Theodore Seuss Geisel (better known under the pseudonym Dr. Seuss, author of The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, The Cat in the Hat, Lorax, etc.) published the book Green Eggs and Ham.

The book was written in just 50 words and was the result of an argument between Seuss and his publisher, Bennett Cerf.

The publisher believed that Seuss would not be able to create a finished work under such harsh conditions (before that, Seuss had already written «Cat in the Hat», which featured 225 words).

If it’s possible to write a book using just 50 words, does that mean we don’t need 40 words of vocabulary to communicate with each other? Note, however, that according to Susie Dent, a lexicographer, the average active vocabulary of an adult native English speaker is about 000 words, and the passive vocabulary is about 20 words.

What is the difference between active and passive vocabulary? In simple terms, active vocabulary includes words that you can remember on your own and apply. As for passive vocabulary, these are words that you recognize, the meaning of which you know, but which you are not able to use yourself.

How many words do you know, sir?

And here we come to the most interesting. On the one hand, an adult native English speaker has an active vocabulary of about 20 words. On the other hand, The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists claims that the first 000 words are used in 25% of everyday written texts, the first 33 words are used in 100%, and the first thousand words are used in 50% of such texts!

Thus, we can safely say that only 3000 words cover about 95% of texts on a general topic (news notes, blog posts, etc.). Liu Na and Nation proved that 3000 is an approximate number of words that we need to know in order to understand the rest from context when reading non-simplified texts.

Count it yourself!

The Oxford English Dictionary contains 171 common words. 476% of general texts cover a vocabulary of only 95 words. That’s 3000% of all words!

That’s right: knowing 1,75% of the English vocabulary, you will be able to understand 95% of what you read. This is only 7,5% of the average passive vocabulary of a native speaker (40 words). Isn’t it great?

On Pareto’s law and the importance of linguistic guesswork

You may have heard of Pareto’s Law, also known as the 80/20 Principle. The Italian engineer and philosopher Vilfredo Pareto studied numerous phenomena and subjects, from land ownership to pea pods, and as a result he came up with a rule that is called Pareto’s law: 20% of causes give 80% of effects. Or, if you apply the law to school or work: 20% of the effort gives 80% of the result.

English learners need to understand 90–95% of the words most commonly used in everyday life. Where exactly are these numbers from? About so many words you need to know in order to understand well what is written and said. Besides, having learned just that many words, you can guess the meaning of the remaining 5-10% just from the context! Not exactly 80/20, but the principle is the same: only a small fraction of your efforts will bring meaningful results.

This is an extremely important point! If you have already reached a high level of understanding of the language, it means that it is time to close the dictionary and allow yourself to learn «inductively», from context and by guesswork. You already do this every day — no one knows all the words in their native language. So why not do the same with English?

Weigh your vocabulary baggage!

So, if you reach an understanding of 95% of the most frequently used words in the language, you can understand the rest of the unfamiliar words from the context.

Of course, knowing the words does not mean perfectly understand what you are listening to or reading, because language is also grammar, phraseological units and figures of speech that can (and will!) Get in your way. A sentence can consist entirely of words you know perfectly well and at the same time be completely incomprehensible — precisely because of such linguistic phenomena.

Despite this, in most cases, knowledge of 90-95% of the words in a sentence and the context allows you to understand and communicate in it without much difficulty — especially if it belongs to the same language family as your native language.

Yes, the English language has a huge number of words, so many people think of it as an impregnable fortress, which will take decades to capture. In reality, if from the very beginning you learn words in context, step by step completing your vocabulary «arsenal» up to 2500-3000 units, it is really possible in a short time to reach a level at which you can read texts of general topics and understand 90-95% of what has been said …

This is the ideal number, and this is the number of words you need to learn for the experience of reading foreign texts to be successful. This is also an approximate number of words that you need to know in order to grasp the meaning of the rest of the words from the context.

«Golden» 3 thousand words

To make it easier for us to learn English, the authors of the Oxford English Dictionary tried to collect the TOP-3000 of the most important words to learn first — The Oxford 3000 ™:

//www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/wordlist/english/oxford3000/

Mobile version for iPhone:

//itunes.apple.com/us/app/learn-the-oxford-3000/id939586542?mt=8 (US $ 7.99)

How to evaluate your vocabulary

On the most popular website //testyourvocab.com/, you can roughly estimate the size of your vocabulary baggage.

Interesting:

Most adult native speakers who take the test have a vocabulary of 20-000 words
At the age of 4, the average English speaker owns a baggage of 5 words, and at the age of 000, of 8 words
The growth rate of an adult native speaker’s vocabulary is 1 word per day (however, this process usually stops in middle age)
The average vocabulary size of non-native English test participants was 4 words
Living in an English-speaking country enriches the vocabulary of an English learner to 10 or more words
Living in an English-speaking country, foreigners learn and assimilate about 2,5 new words a day

You can use the following resources to assess vocabulary:

//www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/quiz/2014/aug/14/a-levels-how-big-vocabulary

//www.playbuzz.com/jonb10/how-many-english-words-do-you-actually-know

//dynamo.dictionary.com/

So, despite the fact that the active vocabulary of a native English speaker is 20 words, and the passive vocabulary is 000, learning English will be successful if you learn only 40 words!

95% of general texts will become available to you, and the remaining 5% you will understand intuitively. Success in your study!

We read further:

7 effective ways to memorize English words

An effective technique for memorizing English words

Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/razmer-slovarnogo-zapasa-skolko-anglijskih-slov-nuzhno-znat-dlya-svobodnogo-vladeniya-yazykom

What is the best English dictionary?

It is worth starting to learn English after you have accumulated patience, a considerable amount of diligence, and, of course, a good dictionary of the English language. How Do I Pick a Good Dictionary?

It is worth starting to learn English after you have patience, a considerable amount of diligence, and, of course, a good English dictionary. These three components are required in any case. Whether you study a language in English courses or with a tutor, on your own or under the guidance of a teacher, you still have to rely on patience, diligence and vocabulary. So it’s worth spending some time choosing a really good English dictionary.

But how to choose the right English dictionary? Go to a bookstore? Will you opt for the online option? Find a battered school dictionary? Choosing a dictionary in paper format is not so difficult: we trust all the same Longman and Oxford. Also pay attention to Oxford Language Dictionaries Online:

We will talk about other dictionaries in the vastness of the network in more detail.

Types of dictionaries

Finding a good dictionary is usually complicated by a large number of different options. That is why we will try to help you find a dictionary based on your goals and needs. To do this, you just need to answer 3 questions.

Question number 1. Have you studied English before or are you just starting to learn it?

Why is this so important? Because this is the first factor that will help determine which dictionary you need. All dictionaries can be divided into monolingual and bilingual, that is, monolingual and bilingual.

In other words, you can choose an English-English dictionary for language learning or an English-Russian (Russian-English) dictionary. The difference between these dictionaries is significant, you must agree. Bilingual dictionaries seem to be more understandable, but monolingual dictionaries allow you to plunge deeper into the linguistic environment.

As a rule, language learners are advised to first use bilingual dictionaries, gradually switching to monolingual dictionaries.

Disadvantages of bilingual dictionaries	Disadvantages of monolingual dictionaries
they are composed by translators, which means that mistakes are possible using bilingual dictionaries, you learn to translate, not think in English	it is difficult to work with them if you have not yet reached at least the Pre-Intermediate level many find it difficult to memorize words if there is no parallel drawn with their native language

We recommend:

thefreedictionary.com — monolingual dictionary
multitran.ru — bilingual dictionary
lingvo.ru — bilingual dictionary

Question # 2. Do you want to speak English at a native speaker level?

And this is not a rhetorical question, as it might seem at first glance. Because the choice of dictionaries that you use in the process of learning a language will depend on the answer to this question.

Is your English fluency enough? Your choice is the dictionary for ESL learnes (for English learners). Such dictionaries, as a rule, are more simplified, words are explained in one or two sentences, there are not too many examples of the use of such a word in speech.

Therefore, if you want to speak English at the level of native speakers, use dictionaries for native speakers (starting with the Intermediate level).

Question No. 3. Do you need spoken English or do you want to master oral and written speech in a complex manner?

As a rule, just starting to learn a language, you know perfectly well what you need it for. If there are no specific goals, then learning English is unlikely to be crowned with success. So, you only need spoken English? So, you should pay attention to the following dictionaries:

If you need a good level of English for studying and working abroad, use the following dictionaries in the process of learning the language:

For those who better perceive information through images, we recommend illustrated English dictionaries: visual.merriam-webster.com, infovisual.info.

An English dictionary should be your constant companion if you truly decide to master the English language. The only correct answer to the question «What is the best English dictionary?» it can not be. But you can choose the dictionary that’s perfect for you. We wish you every success!

Source: https://enguide.ua/magazine/kakoy-slovar-angliyskogo-yazyka-luchshe

You don’t know how to keep a dictionary!

How to properly maintain a dictionary for learning a foreign language?

Are there many people out there who love keeping an English vocabulary? I’ll assume that it’s not very good, and I’m not far from the truth.

In this article, you will read about the most effective, decades-proven and best method to maintain an English dictionary so that everything written in it will remain in your memory for many years. Stop. Let’s think about it.

Knowing a lot of words in English is undoubtedly good. Is it important to use them correctly on time? If you answered “YES!”, Please read on. This article is for you.

(Remember that you can, and we strongly recommend, read and implement those ideas, life hacks and tips that we publish on our website in the «Articles» section).

Objectives of this article:

— to motivate readers to learn English through writing vocabulary;

— to substantiate the pros and cons of various methods of maintaining English dictionaries;

— open your eyes to the best method of maintaining an English vocabulary;

Most vocabulary notebooks

Let’s pay a little attention to what you can buy in bookstores. Most notebooks or notebooks for writing down English words contain only 2 columns — the FIRST one for the original language, the SECOND one for the target language (in our case, English).

If you do not just read texts in English, watch movies and TV shows, do exercises, but also record new words in a separate notebook, then, as they say, “Good for you” (well done).

But with this method, your English dictionary turns into a warehouse of «unnecessary things», a kind of balcony on which seemingly necessary things are removed until better times. Want to take it to the next level? Then read on.

How English vocabulary is maintained at school

Re-read the previous paragraph and mentally insert 1 more column between the two, name it «Transcription» and you will get a typical dictionary that teachers in schools demanded from us for verification. Boredom is incredible. I don’t know about you, but I have always tried to postpone the “X hour” to the limit. By the way, transcription is a recording of the sounds of one language using specialized symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. But I think you already know.

As a rule, what they offer us in stores and at school are good ways, but not ideal. The time of «collision» with a new linguistic unit (new English word) is negligible. So you write down your precious English words in such a dictionary, imagine that soon you will have to write a dictation on them or answer them orally in front of your friends and universal laziness seizes you. This is because this process needs to be turned into creativity. Make it enjoyable.

How? Let me tell you.

English Dictionary from English Seasons

At the ENGLISH SEASONS language school, the question of replenishing vocabulary knowledge is taken seriously, responsibly and thoroughly. I note right away that from year to year those who follow the advice of teachers and, in particular, keep an English dictionary in the way recommended below, are always head and shoulders ahead of their «fellow soldiers» and bring what they started to the end.

Our English dictionary contains as many as 4 (FOUR) columns and I would like to dwell on each of them in more detail. I will say in advance that the first 2 columns should be small (3-3,5 cm), the third column should be 5-6 cm, in the fourth 7-8 cm.But it is better to have a A4 hardcover notebook and not in anything. do not refuse.

Column 1 of the English dictionary

Word. A lexical unit (word, phrase) of the target language, in our case, English, which must be memorized and subsequently used in spoken English (written or spoken — not so important).

Column 2 of the English dictionary

Transcription. The definition of transcription was given above. The column is not the most important, but also not completely useless. Especially in the early stages of learning English. At the very beginning of your language path, you can write down how words are read and in Russian letters. Over time, when even the English transcription will become superfluous (after several years of study), this column can be removed. You will then have more space. More room for what? Read on.

Column 3 of the English dictionary

Values. Yes, yes, it is I, at the end and with a capital letter. It is the multiple meanings (if any) of one word that are most likely to help you remember it better. A simple example: the word NAME. Everyone knows that it translates as NAME. But let’s look at the phrase WHAT IS YOUR NAME? — What is your name? And now not a trace remained of the NAME.

And if you open a larger dictionary (read about paper dictionaries in our article), then one of the meanings that you will find will be NAME. And it is the NAME part, which sounds a bit like NAME, which will become a reliable anchor for memorizing a new word. And there are so many such «coincidences» in our languages.

One has only to dig a little longer in the English dictionary and show interest. It’s exciting, believe me.

You’ve almost gotten to the fun part. Hold on.

Column 4 of the English dictionary

Example. The last largest column of the English vocabulary, number 4. This is where creativity and creativity begins when writing your unique English vocabulary. By example, we mean a certain phrase, a statement that «plays up» the meaning of the word being studied.

We don’t communicate with each other in separate words, do we? Do you agree? Even people with minimal education try to clothe their thoughts in sentences. So we recommend that you memorize sentences right away. Where to get them from? Out of my head. Can’t think of anything? Find an example of the use of a language unit on the Internet, there are no problems with this in the modern world.

Replace there 1-2 words with your own, and here you have an original statement that belongs only to you and no one else will have this.

For some, the above method will seem long. But learning English is not a picnic. This is not a walk down Oxford Street. Rather, it is a brave jungle progression that becomes more and more fun and interesting over time.

The main thing is that there is a reliable guide nearby who will protect you from “dangers” and tell you about the rules of behavior in the “wild nature”.

With the considered method of maintaining an English vocabulary, you get four or even five times access to the vocabulary unit, a bunch of side-scanned words, and positive emotions from the creative process, which is great for getting rid of stress.

Thank you for attention!

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Source: http://englishseason.ru/vy-ne-umeete-vesti/

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doubutsuMother

Posted:
Saturday, October 17, 2009 5:58:56 PM

Rank: Advanced Member

Joined: 7/14/2009
Posts: 363
Neurons: 1,059

There are guidelines one should follow when writing definitions for words in a dictionary, as show in the book Professor and the Madman.

I don’t have the book anymore so I’ll try to list them from memory.

1. There must be no words in the definition that are more complicated or less likely to be known than the word being defined.

2. The definition must say what something is, and not what it is not.

3. If there is a range of meanings of any one word—cotc having a broad range of meanings, cower having essentially only one—then they must be stated

I seem to remember that there were only 3 guidelines.

If anyone has input please share.

Posted:
Saturday, October 17, 2009 10:39:00 PM

Rank: Advanced Member

Joined: 10/2/2009
Posts: 1,787
Neurons: 125,022
Location: Whittier, California, United States

Another great book about the development of English dictionaries, particularly the OED is The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary by Simon Winchester. He’s lectured on the subject, and he’s a very entertaining speaker. You can find his lecture that accompanies that book on the CBC website for the show «Big Ideas» at

http://www.tvo.org/TVOsites/WebObjects/TvoMicrosite.woa?bi?1174852800000

The classic example of a bad definition Winchester describes is in Johnson’s dictonary. It breaks Rule #1

Network: anything reticulated or decussated, with interstices between the intersections.

The book is a good read, and his lecture is definitely worth a look (or a listen.)

Posted:
Sunday, October 18, 2009 1:20:15 AM

Rank: Advanced Member

Joined: 5/11/2009
Posts: 77
Neurons: 1,128

doubutsuMother wrote:

There are guidelines one should follow when writing definitions for words in a dictionary, as show in the book Professor and the Madman.

I seem to remember that there were only 3 guidelines.

If anyone has input please share.

1. I have seen in one dictionary how some definitions included difficult words but these were also shortly explained.
2. Now, if the words are compared with others, as in usage notes, it is very possible to say what is not.
3. You have some typos. Of course, the dictionaries, due to paper limit, do not include all the meanings. Ideally it should be like that though.

Posted:
Sunday, October 18, 2009 6:59:48 PM

Rank: Advanced Member

Joined: 4/16/2009
Posts: 48
Neurons: 6,579

I was actually considering starting a forum topic about what makes a good dictionary. When I was in high school I was taking a course called «Learning» (which was sort of a cross between study skills and critical thinking skills) and our teacher said a good dictionary should never use the word itself in its definition. I have always agreed with her and I am often discouraged with the one print dictionary I have (Oxford Dictionary of Current English 3rd Ed.) for this very reason.

Now I have noticed a few words on Free Dictionary that are defined this way, but the addition of synonyms, antonyms, etc. does help. Obviously print dictionaries have limited space but I do think at the very least it anyone compiling one should refrain from defining words this way.

Lastly, I am also discouraged with this same print dictionary as it does seem to have some words (sorry none come to mind as an example) «missing». Again, space requirements understood but I am still surprised when a word isn’t listed.
Thanks, doubtsuMother for posting this interesting topic!:d/

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Step 1. Find examples of how the word is used

Step 2. Study how the word is used and functions in the examples you find

Step 3. Determine the part of speech of this word in the sense or senses that you want to define

Step 4. Conduct further classification within one part of speech

Step 5. Choose one of the meanings of the word and think about its meaning in this context

Step 6. Examine the word

Step 7. Think about the synonyms (words with a similar meaning) and antonyms (words with the opposite meaning) for the word being defined

Step 8. Describe the word being defined

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Step 9. To write the definition of a word, use words that will be familiar to the person who will read this definition for the first time, not knowing the meaning of the concept being defined

Step 10. Write the definition of a word using typical vocabulary style

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Step 12. Read your definition and make sure it matches the word being defined and the meaning of that word that you want to describe

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8 Prepare cards

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