How to use the word could and would in a sentence

Basis for Comparison	Could	Would
Examples	Maybe she could meet Piya when she go to Amsterdam.	I would meet you, but I was little busy.

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29 oct. 2019

Also What are conditional and define it with examples?

The definition of a conditional is a grammar term that means a sentence structure that expresses a particular situation or circumstance and its consequences. An example of a conditional is a sentence telling someone that you will be mad at them if they are late.

Subsequently, Where we use could and would? Could is used to say that an action or event is possible. Would is used to talk about a possible or imagined situation, and is often used when that possible situation is not going to happen.

What is the difference between could and would? Could expresses possibility, while would expresses certainty and intent. A good way to remember the differences between these two words is simply to bring each word back to its root verb. Could is the past tense of can. Would is the past tense of will.

Could in a sentence example?

Could sentence example. I had let so much gas out of my balloon that I could not rise again, and in a few minutes the earth closed over my head. The doctor thought I could not live. I could not help it.

What do you mean by conditional mean?

1 : subject to, implying, or dependent upon a condition a conditional promise. 2 : expressing, containing, or implying a supposition the conditional clause if he speaks. 3a : true only for certain values of the variables or symbols involved conditional equations.

What are the two types of conditional and explain each?

5 Types of Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentence type	When to use
Type 1	A possible situation and the result
Type 2	A hypothetical condition and its possible result
Type 3	An impossible past situation and its result in the past
Mixed Conditionals	An impossible past situation and its result in the present

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26 août 2021

What are conditionals in English grammar?

What are conditionals in English grammar? Sometimes we call them ‘if clauses’. They describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have happened but didn’t (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.

Would and could in a sentence?

“Would” to Show Certainty

While “could” shows ability or possibility, “would” shows certainty in a past or hypothetical situation. If you think about “would” being the past tense of “will,” then it completely makes sense. For example: When I was younger, I would ride my bike home in 10 minutes.

Where we use would?

We use would as the past of will, to describe past beliefs about the future: I thought we would be late, so we would have to take the train.

Could or would you please?

But I would suppose that “would” is more polite, because it expresses the idea of probability, and of willingness, and of the desire that something be done, whereas “could” is more in the realm of ability (yes I can). And according to the American Heritage Dictionary, “would” is used to make a polite request.

Could you please vs Would you please?

But I would suppose that “would” is more polite, because it expresses the idea of probability, and of willingness, and of the desire that something be done, whereas “could” is more in the realm of ability (yes I can). And according to the American Heritage Dictionary, “would” is used to make a polite request.

When we can use would?

‘will’ and ‘would’

1. We use will:
2. would is the past tense form of will. …
3. We use will to express beliefs about the present or future:
4. We use would as the past of will, to describe past beliefs about the future:
5. We use would as the past tense of will:
6. We use I will or We will to make promises and offers:

Could VS would in questions?

When making general polite suggestions or asking a question, both could and can are possible (“Excuse me, can/could you tell me what time it is?”). … Would can also be used to ask polite questions (“Would you mind if I had another cup of tea?”), or to wish for something (“I wish she would write a book.”).

When to use the word could in a sentence?

In the sentence “We could have as many as ten people come to dinner tonight,” could is used to say that it is possible that ten people will come to the speaker’s home for dinner (“I think that it is possible we will have as many as ten people for dinner tonight.”).

Could or can in a sentence?

The modal verbs can and could represent the ability of a person or thing in doing something. However, there is a difference in their usage, as ‘can‘ is used in present situation, whereas we can use ‘could’ for talking about a past ability. Both are followed by a base form of the verb.

When Could is used?

“Could” is a modal verb used to express possibility or past ability as well as to make suggestions and requests. “Could” is also commonly used in conditional sentences as the conditional form of “can.” Examples: Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city.

What means conditional statement?

Definition. A conditional statement is a statement that can be written in the form “If P then Q,” where P and Q are sentences. For this conditional statement, P is called the hypothesis and Q is called the conclusion. Intuitively, “If P then Q” means that Q must be true whenever P is true.

What is conditional mean and variance?

In probability theory and statistics, a conditional variance is the variance of a random variable given the value(s) of one or more other variables. Particularly in econometrics, the conditional variance is also known as the scedastic function or skedastic function.

What are the two types of conditionals?

Conditional

Conditional sentence type	Usage	If clause verb tense
Zero	General truths	Simple present
Type 1	A possible condition and its probable result	Simple present
Type 2	A hypothetical condition and its probable result	Simple past
Type 3	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past	Past perfect

What are the two types of conditional clauses?

The 4 Types of Conditionals. Conditional sentences have two clauses: a condition (if…) and a result. The verb tenses used in each clause depends on whether the speaker thinks the result is probable (real) or only exists in the imagination (unreal).

What is a Type 2 conditional?

The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. … In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any time and the situation is hypothetical.

What are the 3 types of conditional?

Conditional

Conditional sentence type	Usage	If clause verb tense
Zero	General truths	Simple present
Type 1	A possible condition and its probable result	Simple present
Type 2	A hypothetical condition and its probable result	Simple past
Type 3	An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past	Past perfect

What are the types of conditional statements?

Conditional Statements : if, else, switch

• If statement.
• If-Else statement.
• Nested If-else statement.
• If-Else If ladder.
• Switch statement.

What are conditional statements?

Conditional Statements

Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true. Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false. Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false.

English is full of verbs that seem interchangeable or at least only trivially different, but skilled writers know when and how to use them for maximum clarity.

Could and would are two such verbs. They both have many uses, which makes them confusing for many beginning writers and English language learners.

Although they seem similar, there are definite situations when one word is more appropriate than the other. Verb choice is a crucial part of careful writing, so read on to find out the differences between these two confusing verbs.

What is the Difference Between Could and Would?

In this article, I will compare could vs. would, and I will use both words in several example sentences. This way, you will be able to see them in their proper context.

Additionally, I will show you a memory tool that can help you choose would or could correctly every time.

When to Use Could

What does could mean? Could is a verb with many senses.

Could is the past tense of can, a verb used to denote ability. In this sense, could refers to some ability that someone had in the past.

For example,

• In high school, I could dunk a basketball.
• In my prime, I could bench press 250 pounds.

In both of these examples, could is being used to express an ability that the speaker had in the past.

In other instances, could is a modal verb used to denote possibility. It is also used for some conditional present and future tenses of can.

For example,

• You could have gone to the park with your friends if you had finished your homework on time.
• Over the next three days, temperatures could reach the low 20s in Washington, posing one last crucial test for the buds. –The Washington Post

In both of these examples, could is expressing possibility: things that could have been true or things that could yet come true.

For more on condition sentences, see here.

When to Use Would

What does would mean? Would is also a verb with many senses.

Would is the past tense of will, which denotes both ability and certainty.

• In high school, I would do my homework on the bus.
• While I was working, I would go out to eat more frequently.

In these examples, the speaker is using would to express a past action, which is helpful when comparing would vs. could.

Let’s take the first of these two examples,

• In high school, I could do my homework on the bus.
• In high school, I would do my homework on the bus.

As you can see, could is simply making a statement of ability. When I was in high school, I could do my homework on the bus. I had the ability to do my homework on the bus, but this doesn’t mean that I did. I simply had the ability to do so.

Conversely, would is making a definite claim. Doing my homework on the bus was something that I did do, not just something that I had the ability to do.

Would is also a modal verb used to denote possibility, and it often refers to something that is conditional but definite within those conditions.

Here are some examples,

• If I were to take a vacation, it would be somewhere warm and tropical.
• I would buy a big house if I had a million dollars.
• A mega-luxury deal that would merge Neiman Marcus with the company that owns Saks Fifth Avenue is in the works, sources told The Post. –New York Post

Again, these examples make definite claims. Let’s again look at the first example,

• If I were to take a vacation, it could be somewhere warm and tropical.
• If I were to take a vacation, it would be somewhere warm and tropical.

As you can see, could is making a simple claim of ability. If I were to take a vacation, it could be somewhere tropical, but it also could be somewhere cold—perhaps Colorado to go skiing.

But, when we use would, there is no question where the vacation will be. It will be somewhere tropical.

Trick to Remember the Difference

Could and would are related, but they mean different things. Could expresses possibility, while would expresses certainty and intent.

A good way to remember the differences between these two words is simply to bring each word back to its root verb.

• Could is the past tense of can.
• Would is the past tense of will.

If you are looking to make a statement of ability, think to yourself, “I can do that.”

If you are looking to make a statement of certainty or intent, think to yourself, “I will do that.”

This won’t always get you to the right answer, but it should work most of the time.

Summary

Is it could or would? Both could and would are verbs that have many senses.

• Could is a conditional verb that expresses possibility.
• Would is a conditional verb that expresses certainty, intent, or both.

Could is also the past tense of can. Would is the past tense of will. Both of these words start with the same letter as their root verb, which makes them easy to remember.

How to Use Would, Could, and Should: Modal Verbs

Would, Could, and Should are termed as auxiliary verbs or modal verbs and are part of our day life conversation. Like all other modal auxiliaries, would, could, and should usually don’t change their form. Keep in your mind that would is used to talk about something that will happen in an imagined situation. We use could to talk about something that can happen, and we use should to talk about something that must happen or ought to happen

Here you will learn the use of individual modal verbs would, could, and should and how their function is different from one another.

When to Use Would?

Would is past form of will and it is used as a modal verbs. It has various use according to situation in a sentence. Below are the various use of would.

Would is generally used in situations that can be imaginary or when the possibility of something happening is low.

“Sarah would visit us this month.”

Here would is acting as an auxiliary verb expressing a scenario that might occur.

We use modal verb would to make a polite request as in a sentence below.

“I would like to listen pop music.”

We use it also to make a question in a polite tone as in a sentence below.

“Would you like some mangoes?”

We use modal verb would for a possibility of an occasion or event that may happen in the past. Look at sentence below to understand it well.

“Lucas would have missed the train if she had not waked up early that day.”

Sometime we use this modal verb to express a habitual past action. Look at example given below.

“John would play cricket whenever his father would leave home.”

Would is also commonly used to show preference between two or more things.

“I am not much hungry so I would like tea rather than meal.”

People use it commonly to express their wishes and desires as in a sentence below.

“We wish that it would work.”

Would is also used to show someone’s intentions or plans. Look at example below.

“He said he would play hockey.”

Sometime the modal auxiliary would shows a doubt in a sentence as in a sentence below.

“The cake would seem to be hot.”

When to Use Could?

Could is past form of can but it acts as an auxiliary verb in some cases. Could is used to express the possibility of an action or event (something that can happen). Look at example to understand it better. 

“Sarah could visit us this month.”

Here could is an auxiliary verb that expresses the probability of the situation happening. Here the possibility is “could visit”.  Its mean that Sarah might pay a visit or she was able to visit but she did not visit.

Could is also used to make a polite request or to ask for permission in a polite way. Just look at examples below.

“Could you please pass the book?”

“Could you tune the radio at 100?”

Here in above sentence could is showing a polite request to pass the book. We use it also to make a question. Look at sentence below.

“Could you have mopped the floor?”

“Could I leave now?”

In above first example there is a question in a polite was that also show possibility of doing that action also and in second example there is a polite way for asking to leave.

When to Use Should?

Should is a past form of shall and acts as a modal verb/modal auxiliary. There are few uses of word should compared to the word would.

“Should” expresses normally a strong voice, describing something that must be happen. Look at the example below to understand it well.

“Sarah should visit us this month.”

The modal verb should is also used to ask a question but not with politeness like would. It means that asked action was either ought to be done or was ordered. Look at the example below.

“Should you have mopped the floor?”

We use should to express something that is probable as in a sentence below.

“Ali should be here by 11:00 AM.”

“She should be singing a song at concert.”

Asked by: Mr. Nico Stark Jr.

Score: 4.6/5
(1 votes)

In simple English, could and would are in different phrases. They are not used together «one after another» in any phrase. A comma helps: «but the ones who could, would buy airplane tickets.»

Can we use could and would together?

“Would” and “could” can also be used together to show certainty and possibility like: I would go on vacation if I could get the time off. In other words, «I will definitely go on vacation if it is possible to get the time off.»

When use could and would?

Could is used to say that an action or event is possible. Would is used to talk about a possible or imagined situation, and is often used when that possible situation is not going to happen.

Could and would in a single sentence?

There’s no rule against using «could» and «would» in the same sentence, and all of your examples are grammatically correct.

Would you or could you?

‘Could You’ is considered to be an informal way of asking something, contrary, ‘Would You’ is a formal way of requesting someone to do something.

19 related questions found

Let’s take a closer look at how to use two common English modals: ‘could’ and ‘would’. If you want a brief review of the use of modal verbs in English check out this previous post from this blog. Right now we are going to dive in to* the difference between ‘could’ and ‘would’ and when to use them.

Often ESL speakers misuse, or inappropriately interchange, the words ‘could’ and ‘would’. Part of the reason for this is that they can be used interchangeably some times, i.e. when making a polite request in the form of a question (Example: Could you help me? or Would you help me?). But ‘could’ and ‘would’ are used in other ways, which are not interchangeable. ‘Could’ and ‘would’ are both used to express conditionality, or the idea that something is not sure or definite, but they have slightly different connotations.  ‘Could’ is used to express possibility, while ‘would’ is used to express definiteness, as long as certain conditions are met.  Keep in mind, the root words for ‘would’ and ‘could’ are ‘will’ (expresses definiteness) and ‘can’ (expresses possibility), respectively.

Take a look at this list of the different uses of ‘could’ and ‘would’ and how they differ.

could

• Used to express possibility – something may or may not happen (Example: It could rain any minute.)
• Used to express what is supposed to happen (Example: Jane could be here as early as tomorrow.)
• Used to express ability, but not desire. (Example: I could come over, but I don’t really feel like leaving the house right now.)
• Used to make polite requests (Example: Could you help me with my bags?)

would

• Used to express that something is definite, but conditional. That is, ‘would’ is used when something will happen, if certain conditions are met. (Example: It would be nice to see Beth, if she has time to visit.  The definite here is that seeing Beth is a nice thing, the condition here is that there has to be enough time.)
• Used to express a desire to complete an action. (Example: I would like to finish my Masters by the time I am 30 years old.)
• Used to express the idea of future-in-the-past, or what someone said in the past, about future actions. (Example: She said she would deliver the flower by 5pm.)
• Used at times to express the idea of “used to” or past action. (Example: We would visit my Grandmother every Saturday when I was younger.)
• Used to make a polite request. (Example: Would you help me for a few minutes?)

Note: In making a request, ‘would’ is slightly more polite than ‘could’, but this is really just a small distinctions. Questions that start with either ‘could’ or ‘would’ are both polite ways to make requests.

The super shorter summary of the difference between ‘could’ and ‘would’ is this:

could = possibility + ability
would = definiteness + desire

I could go on about these two modal verbs all day, but that would get boring after a while. So, I will stop here and you can ask me any other questions you have about ‘could’ and ‘would’ in the comment box below!

*to dive in to – this is an idiom that means ‘to start something’ and it generally implies enthusiasm

Helping verbs, also known as auxiliary verbs, are used to extend the main verb’s meaning in a sentence. These action words help in expressing the main verb’s tense and mood. However, if incorrectly used, it might undermine the purpose of having it in the sentence. Therefore, it is essential to know how helping verbs should be used appropriately in a text. Three of the most commonly used helping verbs are ‘would,’ ‘should,’ and ‘could.’ They sound almost the same and have the same tense, but those three modal auxiliaries don’t mean the same thing. In this article, we shall tackle how to use the said verbs.

How to Use Would

First of all, ‘would’ is a modal auxiliary verb and is the past tense form of ‘will.’ Like ‘will,’ you can use ‘would’ to express requests, willingness, offers, and conditionals. However, you only have to use ‘would’ instead of ‘will’ if you’re expressing situations about the past. It can also be employed in relaying a hypothetical situation. Additionally, the use of ‘would’ creates a politer tone. The negative form of ‘would’ is ‘would not,’ which can be shortened by using ‘wouldn’t.’

In making a polite request:

1. I would like more of this drink, please.
2. Would you please hand me those papers?
3. Would you mind answering this survey?

In giving an offer/ask a question:

1. Would you like some tea?
2. Who would say something like that?
3. Would you prefer walking instead?

In expressing willingness:

1. She said she would help us with the project.
2. I would love to go to your party.
3. My mom would wake up early in the morning to cook breakfast for us.

In stating conditionals:

1. If I were you, I wouldn’t say that.
2. I would have taken that opportunity if I had the chance.
3. If you were in my shoes, you’d have the same reaction.

How to Use Should

The verb ‘should,’ as the past tense of ‘shall,’ is generally used to give advice, talk about an expectation, or obligate someone. In its obligatory sense, it can be used as an alternative for ‘must.’ The negative form of ‘should’ is ‘should not’ or ‘shouldn’t.’ To further explain how ‘should’ is used, feel free to go over the examples below.

In giving advice:

1. You should try to think outside the box.
2. We should let the adults decide.
3. Jenny should already get a new pair of eyeglasses.

In expressing an expectation:

1. The teacher should be here soon.
2. Let’s invite Jake. His class should be done by now.
3. The band has so many fans. Their concert tickets should be sold out instantly.

In relaying an obligation:

1. You should finish that by tomorrow.
2. Motorcycle drivers should always wear their helmets.
3. Citizens should follow the law.

How to Use Could

‘Could’ is employed to express a possibility or past ability, make a request, or suggest an idea. It can also be used as the conditional form of ‘can.’ It cannot be used to point out an obligation nor convey willingness. It just mainly signifies the possibility of the idea being expressed. The negative form of ‘could’ is ‘could not’ or ‘couldn’t.’

In conveying a possibility/past ability:

1. Nothing could possibly go wrong if we just follow the instructions.
2. Anna could be the one sending those letters to Tim.
3. When I was younger, I could run around the oval without getting easily tired.

In making a request:

1. Could you please turn the TV on?
2. Could I borrow a pencil?
3. I was wondering if I could ask you to have lunch with me.

In making a suggestion:

1. You could add some vanilla to give your coffee a distinct aroma.
2. She could’ve just told me about it.
3. You could go to the library and see if the book is available.

These helping verbs are then followed by the main verb to complete the meaning. Or it can also be succeeded by another auxiliary verb that could also change the tense of the whole action word. Use the discussed verbs correctly and according to the purpose you want to convey. Never forget that ‘would,’ ‘should,’ and ‘could’ are past tense forms of the verbs ‘will,’ ‘shall,’ and ‘can,’ respectively. The choice between which tense to use should also be considered.

When to Use Would, Should, and Could | Image

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Last Updated on February 1, 2021

“Modals verbs” are a class of verbs used to express ideas like intention, likelihood, ability, or to give advice. You can call them helper verbs. They always appear with a main verb. English has nine of them:

1. can
2. could
3. will
4. would
5. shall
6. should
7. may
8. might
9. must

You may also find modal verbs referred to as “auxiliary verbs”. Basically, this means “helper verb”. This is because they help the main verb by adding extra information about it to the sentence. The information it adds lets the listener know things like our intentions, the likelihood of an event, or if they are capable of or allowed to do something.

Check out the table below for more information:

Helper Verb	Meaning
can	ability to do something “I can play the piano.” permission to do something “You can sit down now.” asking permission “Can I drink the juice?”
could	ability to do something (past) “I could run fast when I was young.” permission to do something (past) “You said I could eat the ice cream.” potential to do something “It could snow.”
will	intention to do something “I will sleep now.” reported action (future) (informal) “I will eat dessert after dinner.” making a promise “I will be there.” explaining something as certain “The paper will burn.”
would	intention to do something (past) “I would have eaten the apple.” reported habitual action (past) “I would always play baseball after lunch.”
shall	asking permission (formal/polite) “Shall I take your coat?” reported action (future) (formal/polite) “I shall eat dessert after dinner.”
should	making suggestions “You should say sorry.” expressing intention “I should go to bed now.”
may	expressing intention “I may go to bed now.” giving permission “You may leave now.” making predictions “She may compete in the Olympics this year.” potential of an event “It may rain.”
might	expressing intention “I might go to bed now.” making suggestions or predictions “You might want to eat some salad.”
must	giving orders “You must stop talking.” expressing obligations “I must pay my debts.”

Modal verbs always appear to the left of the main verb. They also appear in front of any other helper verbs or adverbs that also appear in the sentence.

• The student should write her essay soon.
• The student may have written her essay two hours ago.
• The student will have already written her essay by now.

How not to use modal verbs.

There are quite a few restrictions modal verbs have for proper use. Let’s look at some examples of ways you cannot use modal verbs:

• You can’t use them alone.

  • He may.

  • They can.

    Note: You can say sentences like the ones above but only if they come after a sentence that has already used a main verb. Then the verb is implied in the modal sentence. You can’t only say a sentence like the ones above alone.

• You can’t add verb endings.

  • You shoulded.

  • I maying.

• You can’t make them into commands.
• You can’t make them negative.

You might think that modals can be made negative due to sentences such as:

However, this is only true if the main verb is already understood. If the main verb is unknown when you say this, it will be incorrect because the listener does not know what the person might not or shall not do.

The underlying structure of the sentence above is actually something like this:

You can never use a modal verb alone. There must be a main verb stated, either implicitly (known without being said) or explicitly (said directly).

Extra Modal Phrases

You caught me!

These aren’t all the possible modal verbs in English. There are also a few more interesting modal phrases you can use in English.

ought to

This phrase is used to make suggestions or to declare your intentions. It is very similar to the modal verb “should”. You most often hear this in spoken English; it is often said during informal situations.

The suggestions you make with this phrase are subtle. It isn’t a very strong way to give advice or make a suggestion. You should use this phrase when you want to be delicate about giving someone some advice.

It isn’t advisable to use this phrase in formal academic writing, but you can use it to spice up your informal spoken English.

Here are some example sentences using the phrase “ought to”:

• You ought to stop eating so much cake.
• I ought to eat more vegetables.
• He ought not return without some money.
• You think I ought to start writing now?

However, unlike “should”, this phrase cannot appear at the front of a question.

had better

This is another informal modal phrase. Like “ought to”, you will most often hear this phrase spoken in informal situations. This phrase is similar to the modal verb “should” as well. It is used to make a suggestion in a stronger way than “should” or “ought to”.

You should be careful about using this as you can easily sound rude if you use it in a wrong situation. In my mind, this is most often used by parents when talking to their children.

Again, I would advise you against using this phrase in academic writing.

Here are some example sentences:

• You had better eat your vegetables.
• You had better go to bed early tonight.
• You had better wash your hands.
• You had better smarten up.

have to

Like the previous two phrases, this phrase is also (mostly) informal. Most of these extra modal phrases will help you expand your vocabulary for spoken English in informal situations.

This phrase is similar to the modal verb “must”. You use this phrase when you are giving orders or expressing obligations.

You should avoid using this in academic writing. Instead, you should use “must”.

Here are some example sentences:

• I have to go to bed.
• I have to pet my dog.
• I have to make dinner.
• I have to go to work.

got to

You have probably seen this phrase before. Most often, you see this written or said in its contracted form as “gotta”. This means the exact same thing as “have to”, but it is more informal.

Needless to say, this is an informal usage of English. You should not write this academically.

Here are some example sentences:

• I got to (gotta) go to bed.
• I got to (gotta) pet my dog.
• I got to (gotta) make dinner.
• I got to (gotta) go to work.

Dare

This isn’t commonly used anymore in casual English. You may sound strange or archaic if you say this while speaking. However, it isn’t rare to see it written in stories or hear it said in movies and TV shows.

“Dare” isn’t exactly the same as any single modal verb or phrase we have looked at previously. The meaning of it depends on how it is being used. For example, it can be similar to the modal verbs “will” or “shall” in the following sentences:

• I dare to dream.
• I dare not say.
• Dare I even look?

However, the feelings of the sentences above aren’t exactly the same as if you used the words “will” or “shall”.

“Dare” gives the sentence the feelings of a conflicting desire. It’s usually used in situations where the speaker wants to do something but knows they shouldn’t.

It also makes the sentences sound a bit poetic. This isn’t really appropriate to write for academic texts and you likely want to avoid saying things like this to your friends or co-workers unless you’re making a joke.

Conclusion

That was everything you need to know about using modal verbs in English!

We even got to look at a few common modal phrases you can use to spice up your conversations, great deal huh?

I hope you learned something useful by reading this article. If you want to learn more about English grammar, check out my other articles on the topic.

Did you know I’m available for personalized 1 on 1 English conversation coaching? It’s true! You can read about it here.

Until next time, happy studying!