How to use and or not functions in excel - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

The IF function allows you to make a logical comparison between a value and what you expect by testing for a condition and returning a result if that condition is True or False.

=IF(Something is True, then do something, otherwise do something else)

But what if you need to test multiple conditions, where let’s say all conditions need to be True or False (AND), or only one condition needs to be True or False (OR), or if you want to check if a condition does NOT meet your criteria? All 3 functions can be used on their own, but it’s much more common to see them paired with IF functions.

Use the IF function along with AND, OR and NOT to perform multiple evaluations if conditions are True or False.

Syntax

IF(AND()) — IF(AND(logical1, [logical2], …), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))
IF(OR()) — IF(OR(logical1, [logical2], …), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))
IF(NOT()) — IF(NOT(logical1), value_if_true, [value_if_false]))


Argument name	Description
logical_test (required)	The condition you want to test.
value_if_true (required)	The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is TRUE.

value_if_false (optional)	The value that you want returned if the result of logical_test is FALSE.

Here are overviews of how to structure AND, OR and NOT functions individually. When you combine each one of them with an IF statement, they read like this:

AND – =IF(AND(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if False)
OR – =IF(OR(Something is True, Something else is True), Value if True, Value if False)
NOT – =IF(NOT(Something is True), Value if True, Value if False)

Examples

Following are examples of some common nested IF(AND()), IF(OR()) and IF(NOT()) statements. The AND and OR functions can support up to 255 individual conditions, but it’s not good practice to use more than a few because complex, nested formulas can get very difficult to build, test and maintain. The NOT function only takes one condition.

Here are the formulas spelled out according to their logic:

Formula	Description
=IF(AND(A2>0,B2<100),TRUE, FALSE)	IF A2 (25) is greater than 0, AND B2 (75) is less than 100, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case both conditions are true, so TRUE is returned.
=IF(AND(A3=»Red»,B3=»Green»),TRUE,FALSE)	If A3 (“Blue”) = “Red”, AND B3 (“Green”) equals “Green” then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case only the first condition is true, so FALSE is returned.
=IF(OR(A4>0,B4<50),TRUE, FALSE)	IF A4 (25) is greater than 0, OR B4 (75) is less than 50, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, only the first condition is TRUE, but since OR only requires one argument to be true the formula returns TRUE.
=IF(OR(A5=»Red»,B5=»Green»),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A5 (“Blue”) equals “Red”, OR B5 (“Green”) equals “Green” then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, the second argument is True, so the formula returns TRUE.
=IF(NOT(A6>50),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A6 (25) is NOT greater than 50, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case 25 is not greater than 50, so the formula returns TRUE.
=IF(NOT(A7=»Red»),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A7 (“Blue”) is NOT equal to “Red”, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE.

Note that all of the examples have a closing parenthesis after their respective conditions are entered. The remaining True/False arguments are then left as part of the outer IF statement. You can also substitute Text or Numeric values for the TRUE/FALSE values to be returned in the examples.

Here are some examples of using AND, OR and NOT to evaluate dates.

Here are the formulas spelled out according to their logic:

Formula	Description
=IF(A2>B2,TRUE,FALSE)	IF A2 is greater than B2, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. 03/12/14 is greater than 01/01/14, so the formula returns TRUE.
=IF(AND(A3>B2,A3<C2),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A3 is greater than B2 AND A3 is less than C2, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case both arguments are true, so the formula returns TRUE.
=IF(OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A4 is greater than B2 OR A4 is less than B2 + 60, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case the first argument is true, but the second is false. Since OR only needs one of the arguments to be true, the formula returns TRUE. If you use the Evaluate Formula Wizard from the Formula tab you’ll see how Excel evaluates the formula.
=IF(NOT(A5>B2),TRUE,FALSE)	IF A5 is not greater than B2, then return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. In this case, A5 is greater than B2, so the formula returns FALSE.

Using AND, OR and NOT with Conditional Formatting

You can also use AND, OR and NOT to set Conditional Formatting criteria with the formula option. When you do this you can omit the IF function and use AND, OR and NOT on their own.

From the Home tab, click Conditional Formatting > New Rule. Next, select the “Use a formula to determine which cells to format” option, enter your formula and apply the format of your choice.

Using the earlier Dates example, here is what the formulas would be.

Formula	Description
=A2>B2	If A2 is greater than B2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing.
=AND(A3>B2,A3<C2)	If A3 is greater than B2 AND A3 is less than C2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing.
=OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60)	If A4 is greater than B2 OR A4 is less than B2 plus 60 (days), then format the cell, otherwise do nothing.
=NOT(A5>B2)	If A5 is NOT greater than B2, format the cell, otherwise do nothing. In this case A5 is greater than B2, so the result will return FALSE. If you were to change the formula to =NOT(B2>A5) it would return TRUE and the cell would be formatted.

Note: A common error is to enter your formula into Conditional Formatting without the equals sign (=). If you do this you’ll see that the Conditional Formatting dialog will add the equals sign and quotes to the formula — =»OR(A4>B2,A4<B2+60)», so you’ll need to remove the quotes before the formula will respond properly.

Need more help?

How to Use the IF Function

The IF function is the main logical function in Excel and is, therefore, the one to understand first. It will appear numerous times throughout this article.

Let’s have a look at the structure of the IF function, and then see some examples of its use.

The IF function accepts 3 bits of information:

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

logical_test: This is the condition for the function to check.
value_if_true: The action to perform if the condition is met, or is true.
value_if_false: The action to perform if the condition is not met, or is false.

Comparison Operators to Use with Logical Functions

When performing the logical test with cell values, you need to be familiar with the comparison operators. You can see a breakdown of these in the table below.

Now let’s look at some examples of it in action.

IF Function Example 1: Text Values

In this example, we want to test if a cell is equal to a specific phrase. The IF function is not case-sensitive so does not take upper and lower case letters into account.

The following formula is used in column C to display “No” if column B contains the text “Completed” and “Yes” if it contains anything else.

=IF(B2="Completed","No","Yes")

Although the IF function is not case sensitive, the text must be an exact match.

IF Function Example 2: Numeric Values

The IF function is also great for comparing numeric values.

In the formula below we test if cell B2 contains a number greater than or equal to 75. If it does, then we display the word “Pass,” and if not the word “Fail.”

=IF(B2>=75,"Pass","Fail")

The IF function is a lot more than just displaying different text on the result of a test. We can also use it to run different calculations.

In this example, we want to give a 10% discount if the customer spends a certain amount of money. We will use £3,000 as an example.

=IF(B2>=3000,B2*90%,B2)

The B2*90% part of the formula is a way that you can subtract 10% from the value in cell B2. There are many ways of doing this.

What’s important is that you can use any formula in the value_if_true or value_if_false sections. And running different formulas dependent upon the values of other cells is a very powerful skill to have.

IF Function Example 3: Date Values

In this third example, we use the IF function to track a list of due dates. We want to display the word “Overdue” if the date in column B is in the past. But if the date is in the future, calculate the number of days until the due date.

The formula below is used in column C. We check if the due date in cell B2 is less than today’s date (The TODAY function returns today’s date from the computer’s clock).

=IF(B2<TODAY(),"Overdue",B2-TODAY())

What are Nested IF Formulas?

You may have heard of the term nested IFs before. This means that we can write an IF function within another IF function. We may want to do this if we have more than two actions to perform.

One IF function is capable of performing two actions (the value_if_true and value_if_false ). But if we embed (or nest) another IF function in the value_if_false section, then we can perform another action.

Take this example where we want to display the word “Excellent” if the value in cell B2 is greater than or equal to 90, display “Good” if the value is greater than or equal to 75, and display “Poor” if anything else.

=IF(B2>=90,"Excellent",IF(B2>=75,"Good","Poor"))

We have now extended our formula to beyond what just one IF function can do. And you can nest more IF functions if necessary.

Notice the two closing brackets on the end of the formula—one for each IF function.

There are alternative formulas that can be cleaner than this nested IF approach. One very useful alternative is the SWITCH function in Excel.

The AND and OR functions are used when you want to perform more than one comparison in your formula. The IF function alone can only handle one condition, or comparison.

Take an example where we discount a value by 10% dependent upon the amount a customer spends and how many years they have been a customer.

On their own, the AND and OR functions will return the value of TRUE or FALSE.

The AND function returns TRUE only if every condition is met, and otherwise returns FALSE. The OR function returns TRUE if one or all of the conditions are met, and returns FALSE only if no conditions are met.

These functions can test up to 255 conditions, so are certainly not limited to just two conditions like is demonstrated here.

Below is the structure of the AND and OR functions. They are written the same. Just substitute the name AND for OR. It is just their logic which is different.

=AND(logical1, [logical2] ...)

Let’s see an example of both of them evaluating two conditions.

AND Function example

The AND function is used below to test if the customer spends at least £3,000 and has been a customer for at least three years.

=AND(B2>=3000,C2>=3)

You can see that it returns FALSE for Matt and Terry because although they both meet one of the criteria, they need to meet both with the AND function.

OR Function Example

The OR function is used below to test if the customer spends at least £3,000 or has been a customer for at least three years.

=OR(B2>=3000,C2>=3)

In this example, the formula returns TRUE for Matt and Terry. Only Julie and Gillian fail both conditions and return the value of FALSE.

Using AND and OR with the IF Function

Because the AND and OR functions return the value of TRUE or FALSE when used alone, it’s rare to use them by themselves.

Instead, you’ll typically use them with the IF function, or within an Excel feature such as Conditional Formatting or Data Validation to perform some retrospective action if the formula evaluates to TRUE.

In the formula below, the AND function is nested inside the IF function’s logical test. If the AND function returns TRUE then 10% is discounted from the amount in column B; otherwise, no discount is given and the value in column B is repeated in column D.

=IF(AND(B2>=3000,C2>=3),B2*90%,B2)

The XOR Function

In addition to the OR function, there is also an exclusive OR function. This is called the XOR function. The XOR function was introduced with the Excel 2013 version.

This function can take some effort to understand, so a practical example is shown.

The structure of the XOR function is the same as the OR function.

=XOR(logical1, [logical2] ...)

When evaluating just two conditions the XOR function returns:

TRUE if either condition evaluates to TRUE.
FALSE if both conditions are TRUE, or neither condition is TRUE.

This differs from the OR function because that would return TRUE if both conditions were TRUE.

This function gets a little more confusing when more conditions are added. Then the XOR function returns:

TRUE if an odd number of conditions return TRUE.
FALSE if an even number of conditions result in TRUE, or if all conditions are FALSE.

Let’s look at a simple example of the XOR function.

In this example, sales are split over two halves of the year. If a salesperson sells £3,000 or more in both halves then they are assigned Gold standard. This is achieved with an AND function with IF like earlier in the article.

But if they sell £3,000 or more in either half then we want to assign them Silver status. If they don’t sell £3,000 or more in both then nothing.

The XOR function is perfect for this logic. The formula below is entered into column E and shows the XOR function with IF to display “Yes” or “No” only if either condition is met.

=IF(XOR(B2>=3000,C2>=3000),"Yes","No")

The NOT Function

The final logical function to discuss in this article is the NOT function, and we have left the simplest for last. Although sometimes it can be hard to see the ‘real world’ uses of the function at first.

The NOT function reverses the value of its argument. So if the logical value is TRUE, then it returns FALSE. And if the logical value is FALSE, it will return TRUE.

This will be easier to explain with some examples.

The structure of the NOT function is;

=NOT(logical)

NOT Function Example 1

In this example, imagine we have a head office in London and then many other regional sites. We want to display the word “Yes” if the site is anything except London, and “No” if it is London.

The NOT function has been nested in the logical test of the IF function below to reverse the TRUE result.

=IF(NOT(B2="London"),"Yes","No")

This can also be achieved by using the NOT logical operator of <>. Below is an example.

=IF(B2<>"London","Yes","No")

NOT Function Example 2

The NOT function is useful when working with information functions in Excel. These are a group of functions in Excel that check something, and return TRUE if the check is a success, and FALSE if it is not.

For example, the ISTEXT function will check if a cell contains text and return TRUE if it does and FALSE if it does not. The NOT function is helpful because it can reverse the result of these functions.

In the example below, we want to pay a salesperson 5% of the amount they upsell. But if they did not upsell anything, the word “None” is in the cell and this will produce an error in the formula.

The ISTEXT function is used to check for the presence of text. This returns TRUE if there is text, so the NOT function reverses this to FALSE. And the IF performs its calculation.

=IF(NOT(ISTEXT(B2)),B2*5%,0)

Mastering logical functions will give you a big advantage as an Excel user. To be able to test and compare values in cells and perform different actions based on those results is very useful.

This article has covered the best logical functions used today. Recent versions of Excel have seen the introduction of more functions added to this library, such as the XOR function mentioned in this article. Keeping up to date with these new additions will keep you ahead of the crowd.

Logical Operators in Excel

The functions IF, NOT, AND, and OR aren’t often known by users of Excel even though they can be really useful when creating spreadsheets and tables. They allow you to apply conditions to certain sets of data in the rows and columns of your Excel data.

They can be included in a macro.

“A macro is an action or a set of actions that you can run as many times as you want.”

Put simply, macros are a shortcut that allows you to do several actions within Excel at the touch of a button.

The IF function is one of the main ones. According to Excel:

“The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect.”

This function is generally used at the end of a row of data in a spreadsheet. You can find it in the toolbar. You can use it in a formula that can have two different results, A or B, for example. By adding the term “IF”, you imply that if the condition is met, the result will be A. Otherwise, the result will be B.

The IF function can be used with other functions (OR, AND, NOT). There are sometimes results that don’t correspond to either of your expected outcomes.

This is why you can also use AND, OR, and NOT alongside the IF function.

Once you’ve created your spreadsheet, you can organise it with logical operators. It might be a good idea to create an organisation chart to keep track of your conditions.

This will help you to create your formulae without forgetting brackets, semicolons, etc. The semicolon is essential for separating possible results. Make sure you don’t forget that your operation can be FALSE.

The IF Function in an Excel File

According to Microsoft:

“[A]n IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your comparison is False.”

An IF function compares a value to another value defined by the user. This gives you a new value that says whether or not the condition has been met.

There are a lot of powerful Microsoft Office programmes. (Source: 2023583)

An IF statement is as follows:

=IF(Condition; Value if true; Value if false)

You can also use logical operators in Excel:

Equal to (=)
Different from (<>)
Greater than (>)
Greater than or equal to (>=)
Less than (<)
Less than or equal to (<=)

The “Value if true” will be shown if the condition outlined in the IF statement is met. Otherwise, the “Value if false” will be displayed.

Unlike what you may think, the values don’t necessarily need to be numerical. If you put text in, the formula will display that text. You can put values or text in the cells:

=IF(A2>10, “For”, “Against”)

=IF(A2>10, A4, 0).

The logic can be used by adding a value like “A” in the first cell (A1) and a condition such as “B” in the second. For example:

=IF(A2>B, “For”, “Against”)

The result will be “For” or “Against” for each cell.

You can also nest IF functions in the event that several conditions must be met. You can nest IF statements within one another.

In this case, the conditions will be met in stages. A formula could look like this:

=IF(B3>90; “A”; IF(B3>80; “B”; IF(B3>70; “C”)))

Each statement is based on the output of the previous. There needs to be a logical hierarchy in place.

Find out more about common keyboard shortcuts for Excel.

IF Functions Used With AND

The AND function can be used in Excel and added to IF statements. Using AND reduces the length of formulae and makes it easier to read.

Logical operators are powerful IF you use them correctly. (Source: janjf93)

As we previously explained, if you have several conditions that need to be met, you can nest your statements to get the desired result. This means that one condition is checked before the second comes into play. This structure is endless and focuses on errors.

By using the function AND, you can simplify the nested functions. The function of AND is to ensure that if both conditions are met, the result of the IF statement will be TRUE. If one of the conditions is not met, the result will be FALSE.

Thus, you can create a formula like:

=IF(AND(A1=“TRUE”; A2=“TRUE”; A3=“TRUE”)=TRUE; “EVERYTHING IS TRUE”; “NOT EVERYTHING IS TRUE”)

The negative result indicates that not everything is true but it doesn’t mean that all results are false.

To create formulae in Excel, you can use logical operators such as IF, AND, and also OR. Like the AND function, OR is used with IF to simplify certain statements. It’s a good way to streamline your operations.

Make sure you plan before creating a formula. (Source: 777546)

The problem with the AND function is that all conditions need to be met to create a positive result. Thanks to the OR function, you can get a positive result as long as one of the conditions is met.

This is the type of formula you could get:

=IF(OR(A1=“TRUE”; A2=“TRUE”; A3=“TRUE”)=TRUE; “AT LEAST ONE CONDITION IS TRUE”; “NO CONDITIONS ARE TRUE”)

With a single condition met, you’re given a positive result. In the case of negative results, it means none of the conditions has been met.

Just like with the AND function, using the OR function allows you to use just two functions rather than several.

AND and OR functions can be used together within an IF statement. This allows you to create all sorts of formulae. Thus you can combine AND (all conditions must be met) and OR (one condition must be met).

Using three functions at the same time allows you to work with three conditions at the same time. In the case that you want one condition to be met and at least one of the other two to be met, you can use an AND function and then an OR function while nesting them within an IF statement.

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The NOT Function in Excel

The NOT function allows you to provide a positive result if a condition isn’t met. You’ll still use the IF function to introduce the condition but you’ll use to NOT function to invert the result. This function allows you to get a positive result from an unmet condition.

You can use functions in Excel for everyday calculations. (Source: PhotoMIX-Company)

This will work similarly to the different to (<>) operator.

Thus: =IF(A1<> “British”; “Foreign”, “European”) will give the same results as =IF(NOT(A1= “British”; “Foreign”, “European”).

The NOT function can also be introduced within the IF statement alongside an AND or OR function. While the formulae will become more complicated, they allow you to do powerful logical operations automatically within Microsoft Excel. Open a spreadsheet and play around with this.

Let’s not forget also that the Microsoft software has its own built-in help pages so you may be able to find instructions for what you need to program to do by simply asking it.

If you still need help, consider checking Superprof for private tutors specialising in IT or office skills.

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Alternatively, you can opt for classes at an institution near you.

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«About this course

For those who have a basic grounding in Microsoft Excel, this course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to use MS Excel at an advanced level.

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Lesson One: Using AutoFill, carrying out date calculations, adding a picture as a watermark, creating and working with tables, converting text to columns, removing duplicates, using Flash Fill, consolidating data, using paste special, creating a custom format

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Lesson Eight: Using statistical functions: COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF, using text functions: PROPER, UPPER; LOWER, TRIM, LEFT, MID, RIGHT, CONCATENATE, using financial functions: PV; NPV; RATE, using nested functions»

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Further Details

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Functions including ISODD, ISNUMBER, ISTEXT, ISLOGICAL, ISNONTEXT, ISERR and ISBLANK

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How to calculate depreciation in Excel, including SLN depreciation and SYD depreciation

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Как использовать функцию IF

Функция IF — это основная логическая функция в Excel, и поэтому она должна быть понятна первой. Он появится много раз на протяжении всей этой статьи.

Давайте посмотрим на структуру функции IF, а затем посмотрим несколько примеров ее использования.

Функция IF принимает 3 бита информации:

  = IF (логический_тест, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

логический_тест: это условие для функции для проверки.
value_if_true: действие, которое выполняется, если условие выполнено или является истинным.
value_if_false: действие, которое нужно выполнить, если условие не выполнено или имеет значение false.

Операторы сравнения для использования с логическими функциями

При выполнении логического теста со значениями ячеек вы должны быть знакомы с операторами сравнения. Вы можете увидеть их в таблице ниже.

Теперь давайте посмотрим на некоторые примеры в действии.

Пример функции IF 1: текстовые значения

В этом примере мы хотим проверить, равна ли ячейка определенной фразе. Функция IF не учитывает регистр, поэтому не учитывает прописные и строчные буквы.

Следующая формула используется в столбце C для отображения «Нет», если столбец B содержит текст «Завершено» и «Да», если он содержит что-либо еще.

  = ЕСЛИ (B2 = "Завершено", "Нет", "Да")

Хотя функция IF не чувствительна к регистру, текст должен точно соответствовать.

Пример функции IF 2: Числовые значения

Функция IF также отлично подходит для сравнения числовых значений.

В приведенной ниже формуле мы проверяем, содержит ли ячейка B2 число, большее или равное 75. Если это так, то мы отображаем слово «Pass», а если не слово «Fail».

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 75, "Проход", "Сбой")

Функция IF — это намного больше, чем просто отображение разного текста в результате теста. Мы также можем использовать его для запуска различных расчетов.

В этом примере мы хотим предоставить скидку 10%, если клиент тратит определенную сумму денег. Мы будем использовать £ 3000 в качестве примера.

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 3000, В2 * 90%, В2)

Часть формулы B2 * 90% позволяет вычесть 10% из значения в ячейке B2. Есть много способов сделать это.

Важно то, что вы можете использовать любую формулу в разделах value_if_true или value_if_false . И запускать различные формулы, зависящие от значений других ячеек, — очень мощный навык.

Пример функции IF 3: значения даты

В этом третьем примере мы используем функцию IF для отслеживания списка сроков исполнения. Мы хотим отобразить слово «Просрочено», если дата в столбце B уже в прошлом. Но если дата наступит в будущем, рассчитайте количество дней до даты исполнения.

Приведенная ниже формула используется в столбце C. Мы проверяем, меньше ли срок оплаты в ячейке B2, чем сегодняшний день (функция TODAY возвращает сегодняшнюю дату с часов компьютера).

  = ЕСЛИ (В2 <СЕГОДНЯ (), "Просроченные", В2-СЕГОДНЯ ())

Что такое вложенные формулы IF?

Возможно, вы слышали о термине «вложенные IF» раньше. Это означает, что мы можем написать функцию IF внутри другой функции IF. Мы можем захотеть сделать это, если нам нужно выполнить более двух действий.

Одна функция IF способна выполнять два действия ( value_if_true и value_if_false ). Но если мы вставим (или вложим) другую функцию IF в раздел value_if_false , то мы можем выполнить другое действие.

Возьмите этот пример, где мы хотим отобразить слово «Отлично», если значение в ячейке B2 больше или равно 90, отобразить «Хорошо», если значение больше или равно 75, и отобразить «Плохо», если что-либо еще ,

  = ЕСЛИ (В2> = 90, "Отлично", ЕСЛИ (В2> = 75, "Хорошо", "Плохо"))

Теперь мы расширили нашу формулу за пределы того, что может сделать только одна функция IF. И вы можете вложить больше функций IF, если это необходимо.

Обратите внимание на две закрывающие скобки в конце формулы — по одной для каждой функции IF.

Существуют альтернативные формулы, которые могут быть чище, чем этот вложенный подход IF. Одной из очень полезных альтернатив является функция SWITCH в Excel .

Логические функции AND и OR

Функции AND и OR используются, когда вы хотите выполнить более одного сравнения в своей формуле. Одна только функция IF может обрабатывать только одно условие или сравнение.

Возьмите пример, где мы дисконтируем значение на 10% в зависимости от суммы, которую тратит клиент, и сколько лет они были клиентом.

Сами функции AND и OR возвращают значение TRUE или FALSE.

Функция AND возвращает TRUE, только если выполняется каждое условие, а в противном случае возвращает FALSE. Функция OR возвращает TRUE, если выполняется одно или все условия, и возвращает FALSE, только если условия не выполняются.

Эти функции могут тестировать до 255 условий, поэтому они не ограничены только двумя условиями, как показано здесь.

Ниже приведена структура функций И и ИЛИ. Они написаны одинаково. Просто замените имя И на ИЛИ. Это просто их логика, которая отличается.

  = И (логический1, [логический2] ...)

Давайте посмотрим на пример того, как они оба оценивают два условия.

Пример функции AND

Функция AND используется ниже, чтобы проверить, потратил ли клиент не менее 3000 фунтов стерлингов и был ли он клиентом не менее трех лет.

  = И (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3)

Вы можете видеть, что он возвращает FALSE для Мэтта и Терри, потому что, хотя они оба соответствуют одному из критериев, они должны соответствовать обеим функциям AND.

Пример функции OR

Функция ИЛИ используется ниже, чтобы проверить, потратил ли клиент не менее 3000 фунтов стерлингов или был клиентом не менее трех лет.

  = ИЛИ (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3)

В этом примере формула возвращает TRUE для Matt и Terry. Только Джули и Джиллиан не выполняют оба условия и возвращают значение FALSE.

Использование AND и OR с функцией IF

Поскольку функции И и ИЛИ возвращают значение ИСТИНА или ЛОЖЬ, когда используются по отдельности, они редко используются сами по себе.

Вместо этого вы обычно будете использовать их с функцией IF или внутри функции Excel, такой как условное форматирование или проверка данных, чтобы выполнить какое-либо ретроспективное действие, если формула имеет значение TRUE.

В приведенной ниже формуле функция AND вложена в логический тест функции IF. Если функция AND возвращает TRUE, тогда скидка 10% от суммы в столбце B; в противном случае скидка не предоставляется, а значение в столбце B повторяется в столбце D.

  = ЕСЛИ (И (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3), В2 * 90%, В2)

Функция XOR

В дополнение к функции ИЛИ, есть также эксклюзивная функция ИЛИ. Это называется функцией XOR. Функция XOR была представлена в версии Excel 2013.

Эта функция может потребовать некоторых усилий, чтобы понять, поэтому практический пример показан.

Структура функции XOR такая же, как у функции OR.

  = XOR (логический1, [логический2] ...)

При оценке только двух условий функция XOR возвращает:

ИСТИНА, если любое условие оценивается как ИСТИНА.
FALSE, если оба условия TRUE или ни одно из условий TRUE.

Это отличается от функции ИЛИ, потому что она вернула бы ИСТИНА, если оба условия были ИСТИНА.

Эта функция становится немного более запутанной, когда добавляется больше условий. Затем функция XOR возвращает:

TRUE, если нечетное число условий возвращает TRUE.
ЛОЖЬ, если четное число условий приводит к ИСТИНА, или если все условия ЛОЖЬ.

Давайте посмотрим на простой пример функции XOR.

В этом примере продажи делятся на две половины года. Если продавец продает 3000 и более фунтов стерлингов в обеих половинах, ему назначается Золотой стандарт. Это достигается с помощью функции AND с IF, как ранее в этой статье.

Но если они продают 3000 фунтов или более в любой половине, мы хотим присвоить им Серебряный статус. Если они не продают 3000 и более фунтов стерлингов в обоих случаях, то ничего.

Функция XOR идеально подходит для этой логики. Приведенная ниже формула вводится в столбец E и показывает функцию XOR с IF для отображения «Да» или «Нет», только если выполняется любое из условий.

  = IF (XOR (В2> = 3000, С2> = 3000), "Да", "Нет")

Функция НЕ

Последняя логическая функция для обсуждения в этой статье — это функция NOT, и мы оставим самую простую последнюю. Хотя иногда поначалу бывает трудно увидеть использование этой функции в реальном мире.

Функция NOT меняет значение своего аргумента. Так что, если логическое значение ИСТИНА, тогда оно возвращает ЛОЖЬ. И если логическое значение ЛОЖЬ, оно вернет ИСТИНА.

Это будет легче объяснить на некоторых примерах.

Структура функции НЕ имеет вид;

  = НЕ (логическое)

НЕ Функциональный Пример 1

В этом примере представьте, что у нас есть головной офис в Лондоне, а затем много других региональных сайтов. Мы хотим отобразить слово «Да», если на сайте есть что-то, кроме Лондона, и «Нет», если это Лондон.

Функция NOT была вложена в логический тест функции IF ниже, чтобы сторнировать ИСТИННЫЙ результат.

  = ЕСЛИ (НЕ (B2 = "London"), "Да", "Нет")

Это также может быть достигнуто с помощью логического оператора NOT <>. Ниже приведен пример.

  = ЕСЛИ (В2 <> "Лондон", "Да", "Нет")

НЕ Функциональный Пример 2

Функция NOT полезна при работе с информационными функциями в Excel. Это группа функций в Excel, которые что-то проверяют и возвращают TRUE, если проверка прошла успешно, и FALSE, если это не так.

Например, функция ISTEXT проверит, содержит ли ячейка текст, и вернет TRUE, если она есть, и FALSE, если нет. Функция NOT полезна, потому что она может отменить результат этих функций.

В приведенном ниже примере мы хотим заплатить продавцу 5% от суммы, которую он продает. Но если они ничего не перепродали, в ячейке есть слово «Нет», и это приведет к ошибке в формуле.

Функция ISTEXT используется для проверки наличия текста. Это возвращает TRUE, если текст есть, поэтому функция NOT переворачивает это на FALSE. И если ИФ выполняет свой расчет.

  = ЕСЛИ (НЕ (ISTEXT (В2)), В2 * 5%, 0)

Овладение логическими функциями даст вам большое преимущество как пользователю Excel. Очень полезно иметь возможность проверять и сравнивать значения в ячейках и выполнять различные действия на основе этих результатов.

В этой статье рассматриваются лучшие логические функции, используемые сегодня. В последних версиях Excel появилось больше функций, добавленных в эту библиотеку, таких как функция XOR, упомянутая в этой статье. Будьте в курсе этих новых дополнений, вы будете впереди толпы.

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Things will not always be the way we want them to be. The unexpected can happen. For example, let’s say you have to divide numbers. Trying to divide any number by zero (0) gives an error. Logical functions come in handy such cases. In this tutorial, we are going to cover the following topics.

In this tutorial, we are going to cover the following topics.

What is a Logical Function?
IF function example
Excel Logic functions explained
Nested IF functions

What is a Logical Function?

It is a feature that allows us to introduce decision-making when executing formulas and functions. Functions are used to;

Check if a condition is true or false
Combine multiple conditions together

What is a condition and why does it matter?

A condition is an expression that either evaluates to true or false. The expression could be a function that determines if the value entered in a cell is of numeric or text data type, if a value is greater than, equal to or less than a specified value, etc.

IF Function example

We will work with the home supplies budget from this tutorial. We will use the IF function to determine if an item is expensive or not. We will assume that items with a value greater than 6,000 are expensive. Those that are less than 6,000 are less expensive. The following image shows us the dataset that we will work with.

Put the cursor focus in cell F4
Enter the following formula that uses the IF function

=IF(E4<6000,”Yes”,”No”)

HERE,

“=IF(…)” calls the IF functions
“E4<6000” is the condition that the IF function evaluates. It checks the value of cell address E4 (subtotal) is less than 6,000
“Yes” this is the value that the function will display if the value of E4 is less than 6,000
“No” this is the value that the function will display if the value of E4 is greater than 6,000

When you are done press the enter key

You will get the following results

Excel Logic functions explained

The following table shows all of the logical functions in Excel

S/N	FUNCTION	CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION	USAGE
01	AND	Logical	Checks multiple conditions and returns true if they all the conditions evaluate to true.	=AND(1 > 0,ISNUMBER(1)) The above function returns TRUE because both Condition is True.
02	FALSE	Logical	Returns the logical value FALSE. It is used to compare the results of a condition or function that either returns true or false	FALSE()
03	IF	Logical	Verifies whether a condition is met or not. If the condition is met, it returns true. If the condition is not met, it returns false. =IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])	=IF(ISNUMBER(22),”Yes”, “No”) 22 is Number so that it return Yes.
04	IFERROR	Logical	Returns the expression value if no error occurs. If an error occurs, it returns the error value	=IFERROR(5/0,”Divide by zero error”)
05	IFNA	Logical	Returns value if #N/A error does not occur. If #N/A error occurs, it returns NA value. #N/A error means a value if not available to a formula or function.	=IFNA(D6*E6,0) N.B the above formula returns zero if both or either D6 or E6 is/are empty
06	NOT	Logical	Returns true if the condition is false and returns false if condition is true	=NOT(ISTEXT(0)) N.B. the above function returns true. This is because ISTEXT(0) returns false and NOT function converts false to TRUE
07	OR	Logical	Used when evaluating multiple conditions. Returns true if any or all of the conditions are true. Returns false if all of the conditions are false	=OR(D8=”admin”,E8=”cashier”) N.B. the above function returns true if either or both D8 and E8 admin or cashier
08	TRUE	Logical	Returns the logical value TRUE. It is used to compare the results of a condition or function that either returns true or false	TRUE()

A nested IF function is an IF function within another IF function. Nested if statements come in handy when we have to work with more than two conditions. Let’s say we want to develop a simple program that checks the day of the week. If the day is Saturday we want to display “party well”, if it’s Sunday we want to display “time to rest”, and if it’s any day from Monday to Friday we want to display, remember to complete your to do list.

A nested if function can help us to implement the above example. The following flowchart shows how the nested IF function will be implemented.

The formula for the above flowchart is as follows

=IF(B1=”Sunday”,”time to rest”,IF(B1=”Saturday”,”party well”,”to do list”))

HERE,

“=IF(….)” is the main if function
“=IF(…,IF(….))” the second IF function is the nested one. It provides further evaluation if the main IF function returned false.

Practical example

Create a new workbook and enter the data as shown below

Enter the following formula

=IF(B1=”Sunday”,”time to rest”,IF(B1=”Saturday”,”party well”,”to do list”))

Enter Saturday in cell address B1
You will get the following results

Download the Excel file used in Tutorial

Summary

Logical functions are used to introduce decision-making when evaluating formulas and functions in Excel.

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Examples

Using AND, OR and NOT with Conditional Formatting

Need more help?

See also

How to Use the IF Function

Comparison Operators to Use with Logical Functions

IF Function Example 1: Text Values

IF Function Example 2: Numeric Values

IF Function Example 3: Date Values

What are Nested IF Formulas?

AND Function example

OR Function Example

Using AND and OR with the IF Function

The XOR Function

The NOT Function

NOT Function Example 1

NOT Function Example 2

Logical Operators in Excel

The IF Function in an Excel File

IF Functions Used With AND

The NOT Function in Excel

Learning To Use Excel With A Superprof Tutor

Become An Expert In Excel With Pitman Training

Excel Expert

Brush Up On Your Excel Knowledge With The New Skills Academy

Microsoft Excel Advanced

Sourcing Textbooks To Help You Advance With Microsoft Excel

Как использовать функцию IF

Операторы сравнения для использования с логическими функциями

Пример функции IF 1: текстовые значения

Пример функции IF 2: Числовые значения

Пример функции IF 3: значения даты

Что такое вложенные формулы IF?

Логические функции AND и OR

Пример функции AND

Пример функции OR

Использование AND и OR с функцией IF

Функция XOR

Функция НЕ

НЕ Функциональный Пример 1

НЕ Функциональный Пример 2

What is a Logical Function?

IF Function example

Excel Logic functions explained

Practical example

Summary