How to read the word clothes

15 pairs of English words that are often confused

Look closely at two sentences:

Chocolate ice cream is my favorite dessert.

The Sahara is the world’s largest hot dessert.

Do you know exactly which one is spelled correctly?

Source: https://corp.lingualeo.com/ru/2017/02/16/angliyskie-slova-kotoryie-putayut/

Singular and plural nouns

In terms of numbers, it is mainly countable nouns that change. Uncountable nouns, as a rule, are used only in the singular form:

sugar — sugar, love — love, friendship — friendship.

In the plural, they are used only when the variety of species, concepts expressed by them is meant, or when they are used in another meaning in which they are already countable. For example:

air — air, movement — movement (as a general concept), music — music, milk — milk, knowledge — knowledge, hair — hair (on a person’s head).

BUT: air — aria, melody — »airs — arias, melodies, movement — movement (for example, political or dance) -> movements — movements (the same), hair — hair -» hairs — hairs, etc.

The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding an ending -s to the singular form:

book — book — »books — books, day — day -> days — days, house — house -> houses — houses.

Reading the ending «-s»:

after voiceless consonants — [s]: books [buks] after voiced consonants and vowels — [z]: friends [frendz], days [deiz]

after sibilants and sibilants (-es) — [iz]: boxes [‘boksiz]

Exception l. Nouns ending in the singular with letters o, s, ss, sh, ch, x (sibilants and sibilants, as they are called), plural ending -Is:

hero — hero -> heroes — heroes, kiss [kis] — kiss -> kisses — kisses, brush — brush -> brushes — brushes, bench — bench -> benches — benches, box — box -> boxes — boxes.

BUT: In words of foreign origin ending in o, only the ending is added to the noun in the plural -s:

piano — grand piano -> pianos — grand pianos, photo — photography — »photos — photos.

Exception 2. For nouns ending in y with a preceding consonant, y is dropped and the ending is added instead -ieswhich reads [-iz]:

country [‘kAntri] — country -> countries [kAntriz] — countries, city — city cities — cities, family — family families — families.

BUT: If there is a vowel in front of y, then the plural is formed according to the general rule, that is, by adding an ending -s:

day — day — »days — days, boy — boy -» boys — boys.

3. Twelve nouns ending in -f or -faith, in the plural lose these letters. An ending is added instead of -f or -fe -ves… These are nouns:

wife — wife, life — life, knife — knife, wolf — wolf, self — essence, human form, calf — calf, shelf — shelf, leaf — leaf (plants), loaf — loaf (bread), thief — thief, half — half, sheaf — pack (paper), etc.

For example: wife [waif] — wife — »wives [waivz] — wife, knife [naif] — knife -> knives [naivz] — knives, shelf — shelf -> shelves — shelves.

4. Some nouns are plural by changing the root vowel:

man — man -> men — men, woman — woman — »women — women, foot [fut] — leg feet [fi: t] — legs, tooth — tooth -» teeth — teeth.
HO: child — child -> children — children.

5. For compound nouns, the plural is formed by adding an ending -s to the second word:

armchairs — armchairs, bookcases — bookcases.

BUT: If these words are united by a preposition, then the first word is put in the plural: sisters-in-law — daughters-in-law.

Words borrowed from Greek or Latin languages ​​form a plural form according to the rules of these languages:

appendix — appendix — »appendices — appendices (to the book), crisis — crisis -> crises — crises, basis — base, bases — bases, radius — radius -> radii — radii.

Names Nouns used only in the singular

1. Uncountable nouns (both real and abstract) are usually used only in the singular:

   iron — iron, salt — salt, milk — milk, sugar — sugar, love — love.

2. Nouns advice (advice, advice), information (message, information), progress (success, success), knowledge (knowledge) are used only in the singular.

   He gave me some good advice. He gave me some good advice.
   My coach was satisfied with my progress. My coach was pleased with my progress

3. The nouns news (news, news), money (money), fruit (fruits, fruits) are used in the singular. But, for example, the plural is used to denote different types of fruits — fruits.

   What is the news? What’s the news? It’s his money. This is his money.

   Fruit is cheap in autumn. In the fall, fruits are cheap.

4. Among countable nouns, there are those that are used only (or mainly) in the singular form. These are the names of some animals, objects, etc.:

   two sheep — two sheep, six fish — six fish, ten swine — ten pigs, five deer — five deer.

Nouns Plural only nouns

1. Nouns usually denoting paired objects:

   spectacles — glasses, trousers — trousers, scissors — scissors, scales — scales.

2. The names of some objects, in contrast to the Russian language, are used in English only in the plural:

   clothes — clothes, goods — goods, contents — content, etc.

NOTE:

The noun people (peoples) in the plural means people (peoples), in the singular meaning people.

There were many people in the square. There were many people in the square.
There are many peoples in Russia. There are many peoples (lives) in Russia.

Source: https://catchenglish.ru/grammatika/chislo-sushchestvitelnykh.html

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

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34 words approx.	About 34 words
Compiled by AM Taube, IW Litvinova, AD Miller, RC Daglish	Composed by A. M. Taube, A. V. Litvinova, A. D. Miller, R. K. Daglish
Edited by R. C Daglish, MA Cantab.	Edited by R.K.Daglish, Master of Arts, University of Cambridge
«SOVIET ENCYCLOPAEDIA» PUBLISHING HOUSE MOSCOW — 1965	PUBLISHING HOUSE «SOVIET ENCYCLOPEDIA» MOSCOW — 1965

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The dictionary contains about 34 thousand words of the modern Russian literary language. Much attention is paid to the development of the meanings of words, showing their use and the selection of English translations that meet the standards of the modern English literary language.

The dictionary is intended for English language learners, particularly high school and university students.

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INTRODUCTION

This Russian-English Dictionary is intended for high school and university students and all English learners.

The authors also took into account the possibility of using the dictionary by a foreign reader studying Russian.

The dictionary aims to help people who use it to translate into English Russian texts of average difficulty on socio-political, literary and everyday topics, that is, texts that are not of a special, scientific or technical nature.

When compiling the dictionary, special attention was paid, on the one hand, to such a selection of Russian material (vocabulary and phraseology), which would reflect the current state of the Russian literary language as fully as possible (as far as the volume of the dictionary allowed), on the other hand, semantically, stylistically and idiomatically correct translation into English language of Russian words and expressions.

The glossary is based on the latest explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, as well as popular literature and Soviet newspapers and magazines. This does not include highly specialized terms, obsolete and dialectal words and expressions. At the same time, in connection with the rapid development of science and technology, new words and expressions and new meanings of old words are given in the dictionary, which are widely included in everyday life and are constantly used by the Soviet press.

The dictionary also contains word combinations and idiomatic expressions that are difficult to translate into English.

In the dictionary entries, grammatical and stylistic notes are given, as well as indications of the scope of use of the Russian and, if necessary, the English word, which is especially important for persons who are not fluent in English.

All comments and suggestions regarding the dictionary, the editors asks to send to the Publishing House «Soviet Encyclopedia» (Moscow, Zh-28, Pokrovsky Boulevard, 8).

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Lexicographic sources

Dictionary of the Russian language, t. I-IV, Academy of Sciences of the USSR — Institute of the Russian language, State. publishing house of foreign and national dictionaries. Moscow, 1957-1961.

Dictionary of the Russian language, compiled by S. I. Ozhegov, State. publishing house of foreign and national dictionaries. Moscow, 1964.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, vol. I-IV, ed. prof. D.N.Ushakova, State. publishing house of foreign and national dictionaries. Moscow, 1935-1940.

English-Russian dictionary, compiled by V.K.Müller, State. publishing house of foreign and national dictionaries. Moscow, 1963.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, vols. I-II, 3d ed. Oxford, 1962.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Revised by E. Mcintosh. Oxford, 1954.

Daniel Jones. An English Pronouncing Dictionary, 11th ed. London, 1957.

Source: http://bse.uaio.ru/RUSANG2/01d.htm

Difference between wear, change clothes, put on and other synonyms

We will tell you how the verbs dress, wear, put on differ and consider the situations in which it is appropriate to use these words.

The verbs wear, dress and put on are translated as «dress», «put on». The meanings of the words are similar, but there are differences in their use. In the article we will tell you what is the difference between these words, consider their synonyms and antonyms, and give examples of the use of verbs.

The verbs to put on, to wear, to dress and to try on

The verb put on means to put on something.

It’s cold. You need to put on your coat. — Coldly. You need put on coat.
You can’t walk barefoot. put-on your shoes right now! — You can’t walk barefoot. Put on now boots!

The verb wear is translated as “to wear clothes”, “to be dressed in something”.

My boss is very dressy. He always wears expensive clothes. — My boss is very stylish. He always wears expensive clothes.
Jack was wearing was wearing a trendy black coat. — Jack was dressed in a fashionable black coat.

The table below shows idioms with the verb wear.

Idiom example

to wear your heart on your sleeve — do not hide your feelings	It’s not a good idea to wear your heart on your sleeve on a first date. — Reveal your feelings on a first date is a bad idea.
to wear the pants in the house — to be the master of the house	Why? Because you wear the pants in this house and earn 10 grand a month? — Why? Because you master in this house and you earn 10 thousand dollars a month?
to wear two hats — do two things at the same time	Nobody can wear two hats… — No one can do two things at the same time.

The verb dress means to dress someone, to dress yourself.

My younger sister dresses her doll every day. — My little sister dresses my doll every day.

The table below shows idioms with the verb dress.

Idiom example

to be dressed to kill — to be dressed up, uncoated	For the opening of a restaurant she was dressed to kill… — At the opening of the restaurant, she dressed up.
to be dressed (up) to the nines — to be dressed with a needle	At the opera everyone was dressed to the nines… — Everything in the opera were dressed with a needle.
to be dressed (up) a dog’s dinner (BrE) — dress up, be awkwardly dressed	Why are you dressed a dog’s dinner? — Why are you so dressed up?

The verb try on means to try on clothes.

Would you please try on this jacket? — Try onplease, this jacket?
I’m going to try on more dresses. — I AM try on more dresses.
Can i try on your watch? — May I try on your watch

Phrases to change clothes and to get dressed

The phrase change clothes means to change clothes.

I got sopping wet in the rain. I need to change my clothes… — I got wet in the rain. I need change clothes.
This dress doesn’t suit you at all. Change your clothes… — This dress does not suit you at all. Change your clothes.

The phrase get dressed is translated as «to get dressed».

Get dressed, we’re leaving! — Get dressed, We are leaving!
It took me 10 minutes to get dressed… — It took me 10 minutes to get dressed.

The verb to take off and to get undressed

The phrasal verb take off translates as “take off your clothes”.

Source: https://englex.ru/difference-between-wear-change-clothes-put-on/

Clothing in English

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In many ways, clothing is a way of expressing yourself. After all, as they say, they are greeted by their clothes, but they are escorted by their minds. Indeed, our first impression is formed precisely when looking at a person’s appearance. We value the style and quality of his clothes.

Moreover, the choice of clothing is often the key point, for example, at all kinds of events.

Therefore, every person who began to learn English is simply obliged to be well versed in the vocabulary related to clothing in English, namely: wardrobe items, types of fabrics, etc.

About the word clothes

The first thing to remember is that clothes is a word that is used only in the plural, which means that we will never put the article a in front of it.

If you need to say about one piece of clothing, then use a piece of clothes, an item of clothes, an article of clothes. Clothes is a more conversational option, but if you want a formal one, use the word clothing.

And most importantly, the pronunciation of the word clothes: / kləʊðz /. No matter how much we would like, but the letter e in this word is mute, it is not pronounced!

Garments in English

Let’s take a look at the main items of our wardrobe and outdoor clothing:

WordTranslation

shorts	shorts
an undershirt	shirt
socks	socks
tights	tights
a blouse	блузка
a skirt	skirt
to dress	dress
a shirt	shirt
a T-shirt	T-shirt
trousers	pants
sweat pants	sports trousers
a sweater / jumper	pullover
a hoodie	hoodie
the suit	suit
an undercoat	a jacket
a waist coat	vest
jeans	jeans
to coat	coat
a jacket	jacket, jacket
a fur coat	coat
pajamas	pajamas
a nightdress	night shirts
the cap	cap
the six	hat

Shoes (footwear) also play an important role in creating a person’s appearance:

WordTranslation

shoes	shoes
high-heeled shoes	high-heeled shoes
trainers / sneakers	кроссовки
boots	boots
high shoes	сапоги
sandals	sandals, sandals
slippers	slippers

Our image is complemented by various accessories:

WordTranslation

a belt	belt
a tie	tie
a bow tie	the bow tie
a scarf	scarf
a handkerchief	shawl
Gloves	gloves
jewelery	ювелирные изделия

It is also worth mentioning what parts our clothes consist of:

WordTranslation

a zip	zipper
a velcro	Velcro fastener
a snap	button
a button	button
a sleeve button	stud
a sleeve	sleeve
a collar	collar

Shirts can be long / short-sleeved, and the neckline of the sweater can be V-neck, U-neck, Y-neck or round (an O-neck / round-neck).

Each item of our wardrobe (including shoes) can be:

WordTranslation

silk	silk
satin	satin
cotton	cotton
wool	woolen
leather	leather
Velvet	velvet
denim	denim
suede / sweɪd /	suede
striped	striped
check	squared
floral	with floral pattern
polka-dotted	dotted
plaintext	plain, no pattern

Clothing-related adjectives and verbs

Clothing in English can be described with words such as:

• elegant — elegant
• smart — neat, tidy;
• trendy — trendy;
• chic / ʃiːk / — refined;
• scruffy — worn, sloppy.

When we describe a person in clothes in English, we rate them as:

• well-dressed — well-dressed;
• badly-dressed — tastelessly dressed;
• fashionalble — fashion-conscious;
• stylishly dressed — stylishly dressed;
• old-fashioned — old-fashioned.

When we try on clothes in a store, we determine whether they are loose or tight, or if they are close-fitting. The main thing is that the item of clothing that you have chosen suits you (to suit / fit / match). When we talk about clothes, we use certain verbs that you should definitely learn:

WordTranslation

to dress / to get dressed	dress
to undress / to get undressed	undress
to put on	put on
to take off	take off
to try on	try on
to dress up	dress up
to change clothes	change clothes
to wear	wear
to do up	fasten (buttons, zipper)

And now we suggest watching a video tutorial from the teacher Ronnie to consolidate the new vocabulary on the topic «Clothes in English»:

For your convenience, we have collected all the new vocabulary in a table, which you can download and use in the future as a dictionary.

↓ Download the list of words on the topic «Clothes in English» (* .pdf, 213 Kb)

We also advise you to take the test and check how well you have mastered the new material.

The

Source: https://engblog.ru/clothes