How does the story begin what does the word nope suggest - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

technically. 6. Unfortunately I do not rem ember the nam e of the young artist who is giving an exhibition at the gallery. 7. W hen did Jane first begin to take an interest in painting? 8. D on’t get mixed up in the quarrels of other people. 9. It’s the m addest idea I’ve ever heard. It would make Alexander an object of ridicule. 10. She blushed furiously for shame. 11. You’re in wonderful form, Diana. W here did you get that divine dress? 12. It’s no use sending my clothes to be cleaned, they are past repair. 13. Our garden is in good condition after the rain.

5. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combina tions and phrases given on p. 148.

1. Дела Герствуда были в плачевном состоянии, и, казалось, ничто не могло предотвратить катастрофу. 2. Он боялся, что станет посме шищем города. 3. Человек, которого вы называете многообещающим учеником, по-моему, зрелый художник, и чем скорее мы покажем его картины на выставке, тем лучше. 4. Карлтон стал крупным уче ным, принеся в жертву здоровье. 5. Кто-то уронил на пол тюбик с красками, а я наступил на него. Теперь придется отдавать ковер в чистку. 6. Не говори глупостей (не будь смешным). Если бы ты поло жил записку на видном месте, я бы заметил ее. 7. Джон покраснел до корней волос, когда мать уличила его во лжи. 8. Статуя, которую со здал Пигмалион, была так прекрасна, что он влюбился в нее. 9. После закрытия выставки 1882 года, будучи уже зрелым художником, Куинджи сделал ошеломляющее заявление, что он больше не будет де монстрировать свои картины на выставках. 10. Констебл, был на гражден золотой медалью за картину «Воз сена» («Hay Wain»), которая была выставлена в Париже в 1824 году. 11. К огромному удивлению хозяина мазня обезьяны была принята для показа на выс тавке. 12. Члены жюри пришли к выводу, что картины молодого ху дожника выполнены с большим мастерством, и присудили ему пер вую премию. 13. Соме и Флер договорились, что пойдут на выставку современного искусства вместе. Соме пришел первым. С любопыт ством разглядывая произведения экспрессионистов, он не переста вал удивляться, почему их приняли на выставку и поместили на са мых видных местах. «Юнона», созданная «многообещающим» молодым скульптором Полем Поустом, была похожа на кривобокий насос с двумя ручками. Настоящее посмешище!

6.Make up and practise a short situation using the word combinations and phrases.

7.Make up and act out a dialogue using the word combinations and phrases.

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8. Find in Text Five equivalents for the following words and phrases and use them in sentences of your own:

to think over carefully; at the expense of one’s health; to devel op an interest in art; to prevent a great misfortune; a student likely to succeed; lower on one side than on the other; speak about smth. for a long time; to produce the desired effect; to get mixed up in smth.; to thirst for information; cherished dream; highly-skilled artist; object of ridicule or teasing; to caution against smth.; to one’s great surprise; not easily seen or noticed; to move silently and secretly, usually for a bad purpose; to blush furiously; to give a prize; to speak quickly and sharply

9.Find in Text Five English equivalents for the following phrases and write them out:

1.Это для вас очень полезно. 2. Ничего не могу с ним поделать!

3.Он детально обдумал этот вопрос. 4. Случай был незаурядный.

опереливах красок в вазе с фруктами. 19. Лечение шло успешно.

20.Совершенно новый мир предстал перед его зачарованным взо ром. 21. Он ошеломил всех своим заявлением. 22. Крупнейшая выс тавка года, если не по величине, то по значению. 23. Заветная мечта каждого зрелого мастера. 24. Картина была повешена так, что она не привлекала внимания. 25. Против обыкновения он был бодр и весел.

10.Explain what is meant by:

1.Doctor Caswell received the information with his usual pro fessional calm. 2. He had done some constructive thinking since

his last visit. 3. The old gentlem an was in pretty good shape for a m an of seventy-six. 4. All his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook. 5. The doctor had his stethoscope ready in case the abrupt ness of the suggestion proved too much for the patient’s heart. 6. But the old gentlem an’s answer was a vigorous «Rot!» 7. Collis P. Ellsworth looked at him appraisingly. 8. «There it is, young man,»

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he snapped with a grunt of satisfaction. 9. He would dwell on the rich variety of colour in a bowl of fruit. 10. The treatm ent was work ing perfectly. 11. An entirely new world opened up its charming mysteries. 12. The old man displayed insatiable curiosity about the galleries and the painters who exhibited in them. 13. The lifetime dream of every mature artist in the United States was a Lathrop prize. 14. Fortunately, the painting was hung in an inconspicuous place where it could not excite any noticeable comment. 15. Young Swain sneaked into the Gallery one afternoon and blushed to the top of his ears when he saw «Trees Dressed in W hite», a loud, rau cous splash on the wall. 16. As two giggling students stopped be fore the strange anomaly Swain fled in terror. 17. Swain and Kop pel uttered a series of inarticulate gurgles.

11. Answer the following questions or do the given tasks:

say about the health	and spirits of the old man?	3. Do you feel
a ring of irony in the	sentence «All his purchases	of recent years

had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook»? W hat other cases of irony can you point out? 4. W hat interjections does Old Ellsworth use in his speech? W hat trait of his character do they emphasize? 5. W hat is the -stylistic value of the slang words in the text? 6. W hy did the wrinkles deep en at the com ers of his eyes as Old Ellsworth spoke to Swain? How do you understand the word «elfishly»? 7. W hom did he call «old pineapple juice» and why? 8. W hat progress did the old man make in art? W hy is he compared with a child playing with a picture book? W hat is said about the first drawings he m ade and the painting accepted for the Lathrop Show? Disclose the stylistic value of the simile «resembled a gob of salad dressing thrown vio lently up against the side of a house». 9. How can you account for the inverted word order in the sentence «Upon this distinguished group Ellsworth/was going to foist his «Trees Dressed in W hite»? 10. W hat is the implication of the verb «sneak» used to character ize Swain’s appearance at the exhibition? 11. How had Ellsworth changed since he took up art? Can you see any reflection of this change in his speech? 12. W hat sentences in the second part of the story suggest that Old Ellsworth was up to something? Com m ent

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on the sentence «An entirely new world opened up its charming mysteries». 13. W hy was it easy for Old Ellsworth to wind every body round his finger? Do you think that a story like this could have happened in New York? 14. How is the profession of the au thor reflected in the story? Speak on the elem ent of the grotesque and satire. 15. W hy was the story entitled the way it was? An allu sion to what doctrine is present here?

12. a) Find in Text Five three adjectives with the negative prefix ‘in-‘ and use them in sentences of your own. b) Add the negative prefix ‘in-‘ to the following stems and translate the words into Russian:

accurate, attentive, capable, cautious, complete, considerate, convenient, correct, decent, discreet, distinct, experienced, hu man, sensible, significant, sociable, visible

13. Comment on the American peculiarities of the text and find the Ameri canisms for the following:

small and unimportant; railway; to play with; lift; central part

14.Pick out from Text Five the verbs that introduce the direct speech. Com ment on their usage and shades of meaning.

15.Pick out from Text Five sentences describing the main characters. Give character sketches of Old Ellsworth, Doctor Caswell and Frank Swain.

16.Retell Text Five: a) close to the text; b) in indirect speech; c) as if you were one of the characters.

17.Give a summary of Text Five.

18.Make up a dialogue between:

1.Doctor Caswell and Judson Livingston about the old man.

2.The giggling students that stopped before «Trees Dressed in W hite».

3.The old m an and Frank Swain about art galleries and exhibi

tions.

4. Doctor Caswell and the old m an about art and his apprecia tion of it.

19. Dramatize the story «Art for Heart’s Sake». Be sure to bring the necessary accessories into the classroom. Discuss the value of the performances.

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20. Use the following phrases from Text Five to describe a drawing lesson:

to arrange paper and crayons on the table; a box of w ater-co lours; to draw a bowl of fruit; to talk of the graceful lines of; a rich variety of colour; to be lopsided; «If you want to draw you will have to look at what you’re drawing»; to blush to the top of one’s ears; to add a few lines with a steady hand; to select drawings for the exhi bition; to award a prize

21. Use the following phrases from Text Five to describe an art exhibition (picture gallery):

a lifetime dream; to take up art; to display insatiable curiosity; to visit the exhibition; to grow frequent; to open up its charm ing mysteries; a rich variety of colour; mature artist; to be hung in a conspicuous place

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

1.Study the Vocabulary Notes and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.

2.Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:

A.1. See at what intervals the guard is relieved at that bridge.

2.The thief relieved him of his watch. 3. Ann was grateful*to him for relieving her of the other girl’s presence . 4. Her husband was annoyed because nothing had been said to him before, and re

lieved his feelings by shouting back at Johnny. 5. It was rather a relief to have him out of the way. 6. Sooner than renounce their principles Kramskoi and twelve others resigned from the Academy of Arts. 7. From the beginning to the end of his life Turner’s one param ount artistic aim was the representation of light and atm o sphere. 8. You could tell that the flowers she was w earing were arti ficial. 9. In those days conversation was still cultivated as an art. 10. This is a convenient tool for drawing nails out. 11. The snail

draws in its horns when it is	frightened. 12. Mr. M cIntosh has
many interesting stories of his	travels if you can draw him out.
13. Moths are drawn by a light.	14. Certainly his nam e would still

be a great draw for bourgeois audiences. 15. Gainsborough is fa mous for the elegance of his portraits and his pictures of women in particular have an extreme delicacy and refinement. 16. Going in and out of the court-room he was calm and courteous, the picture

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of rationality. 17. The picture was released three months later, and by that time they were back in New York. 18. Each of Gainsbor ough’s portraits is distinct and individual, even though taken as a whole they depict an entire society in its significant manifesta tions. 19. In his «View Across the Thames» Turner has represented a scene looking directly into the rays of the afternoon sun, a condi tion which the hum an eyes normally cannot tolerate. W ith scientif ic precision he has portrayed the golden path of the reflection on the water and the sparkle of light on the wet lawn. 20. It was a strange situation, and very different from any romantic picture which his fancy m ight have painted.

В. 1. He stood watching the	play of colours upon the water.
2. Before us, in this strange m ountain world of grass,	the colours
were soft and d elicate— fawns,	pale greens, warm	browns and

golds. 3. The subject is neither pretty nor young, yet by subtle co louring and a rhythmic flow of simple lines an extraordinary feel ing of beauty is created. 4 .1 have little doubt that he will be as pop ular as he deserves here. 5. Doubtless, by this time, they are well on their way in quite another direction. 6. All this doubt and uncer tainty m ade her very unhappy. 7 .1 doubt if he is going to get away with it. 8. A series of Italian views decked the walls, a connoisseur had selected them, they were genuine and valuable. 9. The party was admirably selected. 10. Joan sat down at the piano in front of the platform to play a selection from a musical comedy. 11. They are both of a size. 12. «I don’t want a life-sized portrait of myself,» answered the lad, swinging round on the music-stool. 13. They met Edgar coming out of the house in a G. I. khaki shirt three sizes too big for him. 14. As a result the town remained the same size for

a hundred years. 15. A fair-sized	maple tree stood in front of the
girl’s private school. 16.	W ith an	almost visible effort the young
m an regained his control.	17. He made an effort to rise but his legs

w ouldn’t support him. 18. W ith a strong mental effort Sir Lawrence tried to place himself in a like dilemma.

3. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:

A. 1. The doctor’s treatm ent did not ease his pain. 2. It was a great comfort to know that the children were safe. 3. He felt himself somehow free of further responsibility. 4. I’m on duty until

2 p. m. And then Peter is coming to take my place. 5. The little boy said, «I can whistle with my mouth,» and was eager to demonstrate his skill. 6. She has a kind of forced smile. 7. They know how to be pleasant. They’ve cultivated that accomplishment for centuries.

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8. Her beauty attracted them as the moon the sea. 9. She crossed the room, pulled the curtains apart and opened those low windows. 10.1 could not obtain any information from him. 11. W ell known as it is, this is a painting one can go back to again and again, w ithout coming to the end of its fascination. 12. Constable m anaged to paint the English countryside in all its moods. 13. You look an em bodiment of health. 14. This doctor is a mild-looking man, not what I’d imagined at all. 15. I want to execute a really good likeness of your father. 16. Dirk Stroeve had a taste for music and literature which gave depth and variety to his com prehension of pictorial art.

В. 1. She was a dull, undistinguished-looking little thing. 2. Donald blushed violently and then looked away. 3. M onet pre ferred transparent light tints. 4. She’d be pretty if her complexion w eren’t bad. 5. The flowers added freshness and brightness to the room. 6. It’s quite certain. 7. I’m uncertain as to what we ought to do under the circumstances. 8. Harris’s shirt was in a questionable taste. 9. I secretly distrusted the accuracy of both descriptions ap plied to one girl. 10. Having looked through the catalogue the sci entist carefully chose the books which he needed for his research work. 11. The choice of paintings for the exhibition was admirable.

12.The bump on the boy’s forehead was as big as a duck’s egg.

13.He noticed that Strickland’s canvases were of different m agni tude. 14. I don’t want to camp out and spend the night in a tent no bigger than a tablecloth. 15. She found it a strain to talk of anything else with Bart. 16. Please try and come. 17. The giant lift ed up the big rock quite easily. 18. Pouring out the cod-liver-oil

she wrinkled her nose in an attem pt to keep her nostrils closed.

4. Explain or comment on the following sentences:

A. 1. He relieved Poirot deftly of his overcoat. 2. M allory’s chief reaction was one of relief: he would have hated to have to speak to him again. 3. But Hilary could not relieve himself of his own bur dens in that way. 4. Have you heard the news? W hat a relief!

5. Your room is arranged very artistically. 6. The arts of the painter and sculptor had been employed to make the palace beautiful. 7. «Every portrait that is painted with feeling is a portrait of the artist, not of the sitter,» said Basil Hallward. 8. It was not long before I found, to my own surprise, that the difficult art of fishing I was attem pting had, indeed, a powerful fascination. 9. W hen it was over he drew a deep breath. 10. Beauty drew him irresistibly. 11. If the reporter could not get facts for his stories, he often drew on his imagination. 12. A considerate host always tries to draw a

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left-out guest into conversation. 13. Mr. Strickland has drawn the portrait of an excellent husband and father, a man of kindly tem per, industrious habits, and moral disposition. 14. I haven’t had my picture taken for years. 15. «M ousehold H eath” is a magnificent picture by John Crome. It depicts a shepherd-boy and his dog with a few sheep on a piece of broken, tufted ground. 16. He pictured the house half-way to Plyn hill, ivy-covered and with a view of the harbour, and Janet waiting for him when the day’s work was done. 17. Leonardo da Vinci loved to portray the smile and used it to give life and reality and the illusion of spiritual depth to his characters. 18. The president wasted no words, yet managed to paint a detailed and vivid picture of the nation’s strength. 19. The Russian art students were anxious to paint national themes and to choose the subjects of their paintings themselves. Classical subjects did not appeal to them, for their hearts lay in realism and ‘purpose’ painting. 20. Cezanne would never have painted his ex quisite pictures if he had been able to draw as well as the academic Ingres. 21. She painted his ingratitude in the blackest colours.

В. 1. He m et her challenge with a bitter smile though all colour had left his face. 2. Tristram’s face went stern as death, and he bit his lips, while his bride becam e the colour of the red roses on the table in front of her. 3. His reputation was a trifle off colour.

4. These pages form the record of events that really happened. All that has been done is to colour them. 5. Mr. Gaitskill never for a m om ent doubted his divine right to do, within the accepted lim

its,	exactly	what he liked. 6. The weather looks	very doubtful.
7.	I shouldn’t like to live in such a doubtful neighbourhood.
8.	Doris had	now m ade it clear that she doubted	the sincerity of

Laura’s deep affection for Conrad. 9. The whole art was to stay si lent, to select one’s time, and then pick off the enemies. 10. The boy’s sailor-suit had been selected in the thrifty expectation of his «growing into it». 11. Books are often displayed on the counter to let the custom ers select what they like. 12. The man who had charge of the canoes was a trem endous fellow, brown all over, who had been selected for his strength. 13. He felt, as other men felt in her presence, a size larger than life. 14. Harris suggested that George never ought to come into an ordinary sized boat with feet that length. 15. W e saw the ruins overgrown with creepers, half buried in vegetation, but still gigantic in size. 16. I myself might have painted the portrait. The forlorn dark eyes gazed steadily back at me, sharing, or at least understanding, as it seemed, my foolish boyish dreams. 17. The «Young Man» seems to gaze at us

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with such an intense and soulful look that it is almost impossible to believe that these dream y eyes are only a bit of coloured earth spread on a rough piece of canvas. 18. He made a gentle effort to introduce his friends into Bertolini society and the effort had failed. 19. Roy became aware that someone was approaching him, and pulled himself together with a strong effort. 20. He abandoned his fruitless efforts to sleep. 21. Lampton joined in the laughter but it was a considerable effort.

5. Choose the right word:

draw — paint

1. She placed the paper and pencil before me and told me I could … anything I liked. 2. The picture was … so that the eyes seem to follow you no m atter where you are.

colours — paints

1. This possible picture she painted in glowing … , until the child’s pathetic dark eyes glistened with pleasure. 2. If you want cornflower blue you’d better mix these two … . 3. The warm … are red, yellow and orange.

picture — portray — represent

1. Roerich’s paintings for the Kazan railway station in Moscow

… combats between Russians and Tatars. 2. I could hardly	Char
lie in this role. 3. The great tragic actress is … in her day	dress.

4. The artist was concerned more with re-creating the radiance of Venice than with … the solid structure of its m onuments.

choose — select

1. M eg had … her second daughter to accom pany her to the wedding. 2. The books were specially … to attract and develop the youthful mind. 3. M embers of the com m ittee w ere … by elec tion. ^

6. Give English equivalents for the following phrases:

снять напряжение; облегчить боль; усомниться в чем-л.; выбрать новогодний подарок; воплощение здоровья; отобрать лучших испол нителей; разные по величине; иметь широкий ассортимент чего-л.; на номер больше, чем нужно; сделать большое усилие; сомневаться в чьей-л. искренности; сгущать краски; заставить кого-л. разгово-

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риться; успокоить, утешить кого-л.; фальшивая улыбка; заурядный человек; неясный ответ; дать выход своим чувствам; скрасить одно образие; близиться к концу; выглядеть бледным; говорить с трудом; вздох облегчения; сделать вывод; представлять себе; сфотографиро вать кого-л.; платье кремового цвета; самый большой, если не по ве личине, то по значению; приложить все силы; черпать вдохновение; написать картину; писать с натуры; портрет в натуральную величи ну; яркие, сочные краски; тусклые тона; учитель рисования; искусст вовед; художник-любитель; артистическая личность; портретист; пейзажист; живописное место; цветная репродукция; формат карти ны; художественная выставка; художественный вкус; изображать сцены из жизни простых людей

7. Translate the following sentences into English:

A. 1. Оливер с облегчением заметил, что человек напротив не уз нал его. 2. Как часто меняются часовые у ворот? 3. Какое блажен ство! Наконец я могу вытянуть ноги. 4. Молодая женщина вздохнула с облегчением, когда Шерлок Холмс согласился взяться за ее дело. 5 . Новое лекарство не помогло ему. 6. Оскар Уайльд был представи телем теории «искусство ради искусства». 7. Этот предмет скорее по хож на чайник, чем на произведение искусства. 8. Никогда бы не по верил, что эта картина написана художником-любителем. 9. Хотя Дирк Стрёв сам был плохим художником, он обладал тонким худо жественным вкусом, и ходить с ним на выставки было одно удоволь ствие (a rare treat). 10. Выставка прикладного искусства оказалась очень интересной, и мы бродили по залам час или два. 11. Старый негр не захотел раскрыть секреты своего искусства врачевания. 12. Рози отдернула занавеску и выглянула из окна. 13. Человек со шрамом вытащил платок и вытер лицо. 14. Чем больше сыщик ста рался вызвать Джерри на откровенность, тем меньше ему это удава лось. 15. Пьеса такого рода наверняка привлечет публику. 16. Маль чик очень хорошо рисует, но родители не одобряют его решения стать художником. 17. Я люблю рассматривать старые семейные фо тографии. 18. Что касается младенца, он воплощение здоровья. 19. Сюжет картины очень прост. На ней изображен мальчик-пастух на фоне вечернего неба. 20. Женщина изображена сидящей перед зеркалом. 21. Жизнь столицы изображена в этом романе в самых мрачных тонах. 22. Известно, что Мона Лиза слушала музыку, в то время как Леонардо да Винчи писал ее портрет.

B. 1. О красках картин Рейнольдса, выдающегося английского жи вописца, трудно судить в настоящее время, потому что многие его картины потрескались и поблекли. 2. Н. Рерих много путешествовал по Индии и Тибету, и краски, которые он там видел, оказали влияние на его палитру. 3. Современники ценили в Гейнсборо портретиста, а сам художник всю жизнь считал себя пейзажистом. 4. Импрессиони сты пытались передать игру красок на поверхности предметов.

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Источник

1. Answer the following questions or do the given tasks:

the Metropolitan Museum of Art: the leading museum in America, was founded in 1870. Its collections cover a

period of 5,000 years, representing the cultures of the Ancient world and Near and Far East as well as the arts of

Europe and America. Among the collections are the paintings, which include oils, pastels, watercolours, miniatures

and drawings. There are over 5,000 exhibits, among which are the works of Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Flemish,

German, French, English and American artists.

the Museum of Modern Art: a repository of art peculiar to the twentieth century, was opened in 1929. It has

several departments among which are the department of architecture and design, the department of painting and

sculpture, the department of photography.

gob (si.): a mass of smth. sticky.

admonish: to scold or warn gently.

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

1. How does the story begin? What does the word «Nope» (repeated three times) suggest?

Complaining of

Old Ellsworth his male nurse speaks in short abrupt sentences, four of which begin with the

pronoun «he».

What effect is achieved? 2. What can you say about the health and spirits of the old man? 3. Do

you feel a ring of irony in the sentence «All his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a

great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook»? What other cases of irony can you point

out? 4. What interjections does Old Ellsworth’ use in his speech? What trait of his character do

they emphasize? 5. What is the stylistic value of the slang words in the text? 6. Why did the

wrinkles deepen at the corners of his eyes as Old Ellsworth spoke to Swain? How do you

understand the word «elfishly»? 7. Whom did he call «old pineapple juice» and why? 8. What

progress did the old man make in art? Why is he compared with a child playing with a picture

book? What is said about the first drawings he made and the painting accepted for the Lathrop

Show? Disclose the stylistic value of the simile «resembled a gob of salad dressing thrown

violently up against the side of a house». 9. How can you account for the inverted word order in

the sentence «Upon this distinguished group Ellsworth was going to foist his «Trees Dressed in

White»? 10. What is the implication of the verb «sneak» used to characterize Swain’s appearance

at the exhibition? 11. How had Ellsworth changed since he took up art? Can you see any

reflection of this change in his speech? 12. What sentences in the second part of the story suggest

that Old Ellsworth was up to something? Comment on the sentence «An entirely new world

opened up its charming mysteries». 13. Why was it easy for Old Ellsworth to wind everybody

round his finger? Do you think that a story like this could have happened in New York? 14. How

is the profession of the author reflected in the story? Speak on the element of the grotesque and

satire. 15. Why was the story entitled the way it was? An allusion to what doctrine is present

here? 16. a) Find in Text Six three adjectives with the negative prefix ‘in-‘ and use them in

sentences of your own. b) Add the negative prefix ‘in-‘ to the following stems and translate the

words into Russian: accurate, attentive, capable, cautious, complete, considerate, convenient,

correct, decent, discreet, distinct, experienced, human, sensible, significant, sociable, visible 17.

Comment on the American peculiarities of the text and find the Americanisms for the following:

small and unimportant; railway; to play with; lift; central part 18. Pick out from Text Six the

verbs that introduce the direct speech. Comment on their usage and shades of meaning. 19. Pick

out from Text Six sentences describing the main characters. Give character sketches of Old

Ellsworth, Doctor Caswell and Frank Swain.

Handout #17 (Lesson 36)

Read the extracts and answer the questions:

(A)

My dad had a small insurance agency in Newport. He had moved there because his sister

had married old Newport money and was a big wheel in the Preservation Society. At fifteen I‘m

an orphan, and Vic moves in. ―From now on you‘ll do as I tell you,‖ he says. It impressed me.

Vic had never really shown any muscle before. (N.T.)

(1) Is the communicative situation formal / informal / highly informal? (2)What

colloquial words and expressions are used here? (3)What are the examples of metonymy and

metaphor? (4) Which do they indicate — the lack of respect of the speaker towards his aunt /

great respect to her / ignorance? (5) What can you say about the structure of the sentences — is it

simple or complicated? Which does it convey: the strict formality or the colloquial informality?

(6) Which effect does the introduction of Present Simple Tense create: immediacy and nearness

of some particular moment, it signifies the importance of this event, makes it the logical and

emotional centre of the discourse?

(B)

And out of the quiet it came to Abramovici that the battle was over, it had left him alive;

it had been a battle — a battle! You know where people go out and push little buttons and pull

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

little triggers and figure out targets and aim with the intention to kill, to tear your guts, to blow

out у our brains, to put great ragged holes in the body you‘ve been taking care of and feeding and

washing all your life, holes out of which your blood comes pouring, more blood than you ever

could wash off, hold back, stop with all the bandages in the world! (St.H.)

(1) Which type of narration is it: the author‘s narrative, or represented inner speech of the

character? Does the type of narration change? (2) Which type of vocabulary was used:

colloquial and emotional or literary and unemotional? (3) Find examples of parallelisms;

periphrases; repetition. What atmosphere do they create? Which pronouns were used here — third

person pronouns or the second person ones? Why?

(C)

This is Willie Stark, gents. From up home at Mason City. Me and Willie was in school

together. Yeah, and Willie, he was a bookworm, and he was teacher‘s pet. Wuzn‘t you, Willie?‖

And Alex nudged the teacher‘s pet in the ribs. (R.W.)

(1) Find the words and set phrases that show the low educational and cultural level of the

speaker. (2) Find the phrase proving the author‘s ironic attitude towards Stark.

(D)

From that day on, thundering trains loomed in his dreams — hurtling, sleek, black

monsters whose stack pipes belched gobs of serpentine smoke, whose seething fireboxes

coughed out clouds of pink sparks, whose pushing pistons sprayed jets of hissing steam —

panting trains that roared yammeringly over far-flung, gleaming rails only to come to limp and

convulsive halts — long, fearful trains that were hauled brutally forward by red-eyed

locomotives that you loved watching as they (and you trembling) crashed past (and you longing

to run but finding your feet strangely glued to the ground). (Wr.)

(1) Find the examples of metaphor (including verb-metaphors and metaphorical epithets);

onomatopoeia; epithets (including single epithets; pairs; strings of epithets) ; parallel

constructions, repetition (morphological, anaphoric; thematic) (2) What image do all of these

phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactical means create?

Материалы для СРС (слова песен и задания к ним)

1. Listen to the song, and answer the questions:

Sway

Dean Martin

When marimba rhythms start to play

Dance with me, make me sway

Like a lazy ocean hugs the shore

Hold me close, sway me more

Like a flower bending in the breeze

Bend with me, sway with ease

When we dance you have a way with me

Stay with me, sway with me

Other dancers may be on the floor

Dear, but my eyes will see only you

Only you have the magic technique

When we sway I go weak

I can hear the sounds of violins

Long before it begins

Make me thrill as only you know how

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

Sway me smooth, sway me now

Other dancers may be on the floor

Dear, but my eyes will see only you

Only you have the magic technique

When we sway I go weak

I can hear the sounds of violins

Long before it begins

Make me thrill as only you know how

Sway me smooth, sway me now

You know how

Sway me smooth, sway me now

Questions:

Make up the story describing the events mentioned in this song.

Find some personal and possessive pronouns used in the song. Are they first or third person?

Is this song first or third person narration?

What does the imperative mood of the verbs used by the singer mean? Does the singer

address someone? Who does the singer address? What are they doing?

What is this song about? Is it about dancing or is it about someone‘s feelings? What makes

Find some comparisons that are made with the help of the link word like. Are these

comparisons figurative (imaginative) or literal (real)? What effect do these expressive means

create? Can they convey a vivid picture to the mind?

What kind of technique does one of the dancers have? What can you say about this

adjective? Is it objective or subjective one? Which of the following refers to 1. objective 2.

subjective? (A) influenced by someone’s beliefs or feelings, instead of facts (B) only

influenced by facts and not by feelings

Summarize your answers and write an analysis of this song.

2. Listen to the song, and answer the questions:

Fool’s Garden «Lemon Tree»

I’m sitting here in the boring room

It’s just another rainy Sunday afternoon

I’m wasting my time

I got nothing to do

I’m hanging around

I’m waiting for you

But nothing ever happens and I wonder

I’m driving around in my car

I’m driving too fast

I’m driving too far

I’d like to change my point of view

I feel so lonely

I’m waiting for you

But nothing ever happens and I wonder

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

I wonder how

I wonder why

Yesterday you told me ’bout the blue blue sky

And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon-tree

I’m turning my head up and down

I’m turning turning turning turning turning around

And all that I can see is just another lemon-tree

I’m sitting here

I miss the power

I’d like to go out taking a shower

But there’s a heavy cloud inside my head

I feel so tired

Put myself into bed

While nothing ever happens and I wonder

Isolation is not good for me

Isolation I don’t want to sit on the lemon-tree

I’m steppin’ around in the desert of joy

Baby anyhow I’ll get another toy

And everything will happen and you wonder

I wonder how

I wonder why

Yesterday you told me ’bout the blue blue sky

And all that I can see is just another lemon-tree

I’m turning my head up and down

I’m turning turning turning turning turning around

And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon-tree

And I wonder, wonder

I wonder how

I wonder why

Yesterday you told me ’bout the blue blue sky

And all that I can see, and all that I can see, and all that I can see

Fool’s Garden «Lemon Tree»

Questions

Make up the story describing the events mentioned in this song.

Find some personal pronouns used in the song. Are they first or third person? Is this song

first or third person narration?

Does the singer address someone? Who does the singer address? Do they understand each

other? What does the following phrase mean?

―Yesterday you told me ’bout the blue blue sky

And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon-tree‖

What does the phrase ―there’s a heavy cloud inside my head‖ mean? Is it figurative

(imaginative) or literal (real)? What lexical stylistic device is it? What effect does it create?

How does the singer feel? Why is he so upset? What happened? What makes you think so?

Find some sentences starting with the same word or phrase. What syntactical stylistic device

is it? What effect does it create?

Find some words that are repeated throughout the song. What ideas do they emphasize?

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

What does the phrase ―I’m steppin’ around in the desert of joy‖ mean? Does the word desert

have a positive or negative connotation (association)? Does the word joy have a positive or

negative connotation (association)? What effect does this combination of openly

contradictory words create?

Summarize your answers and write an analysis of this song.

3. Listen to the song, and answer the questions:

Woman in Love

Barbra Streisand

Life is a moment in space

When the dream is gone

Its a lonelier place

I kiss the morning goodbye

But down inside you know

We never know why

The road is narrow and long

When eyes meet eyes

And the feeling is strong

I turn away from the wall

I stumble and fall

But I give you it all…

Chorus:

I am a woman in love

And I do anything

To get you into my world

And hold you within

Its a right I defend

Over and over again

What do I do?

With you eternally mine

In love there is

No measure of time

We planned it all at the start

That you and I

Would live in each others hearts

We may be oceans away

You feel my love

I hear what you say

No truth is ever a lie

I stumble and fall

But I give you it all

Chorus:

I am a woman in love

And I do anything

To get you into my world

And hold you within

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

Its a right I defend

Over and over again

What do I do?

I am a woman in love

And I‘m talking to you

Do you know how it feels?

What a woman can do

Its a right

That I defend over and over again……

Woman in Love

Barbra Streisand

Questions

Make up the story describing the events mentioned in this song.

Find some personal pronouns used in the song. Are they first or third person? Is this song

first or third person narration?

Does the singer address someone? Who does the singer address? What is this song about?

What does the phrase ―you and I would live in each others hearts‖ mean? Is it figurative

(imaginative) or literal (real)? What lexical stylistic device is it? What effect does it create?

What does the phrase ―We may be oceans away‖ mean? Is it figurative (imaginative) or

literal (real)? What lexical stylistic device is it? What effect does it create?

―No truth is ever a lie‖ Are the underlined words synonyms or antonyms? What effect does

this contrasting relationship between two ideas create?

Find some examples of repetition of vowel sounds within stressed syllables. Find some

examples of repetition of consonant sounds at the end of neighbouring words. What effect do

they create?

Summarize your answers and write an analysis of this song.

4. «Firework»

KATY PERRY

Do you ever feel like a plastic bag

Drifting through the wind, wanting to start again?

Do you ever feel, feel so paper thin

Like a house of cards, one blow from caving in?

Do you ever feel already buried deep six feet under?

Screams but no one seems to hear a thing

Do you know that there’s still a chance for you

‘Cause there’s a spark in you?

You just gotta ignite the light and let it shine

Just own the night like the 4th of July

Chorus

‘Cause, baby, you’re a firework

Come on, show ’em what you’re worth

Make ’em go, «Aah, aah, aah»

As you shoot across the sky-y-y

Baby, you’re a firework

Come on, let your colours burst

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

Make ’em go, «Aah, aah, aah»

You’re gonna leave ’em all in awe, awe, awe

You don’t have to feel like a wasted space

You’re original, cannot be replaced

If you only knew what the future holds

After a hurricane comes a rainbow

Maybe a reason why all the doors are closed

So you could open one that leads you to the perfect road

Like a lightning bolt, your heart will glow

And when it’s time you’ll know

You just gotta ignite the light and let it shine

Just own the night like the 4th of July

Chorus

Boom, boom, boom

Even brighter than the moon, moon, moon

It’s always been inside of you, you, you

And now it’s time to let it through-ough-ough

Chorus

Boom, boom, boom

Even brighter than the moon, moon, moon

Boom, boom, boom

Even brighter than the moon, moon, moon

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

What is your idea of the best Christmas present?

(1) a sable fur coat

(2) some decorations bought at Tiffany’s

(3) the deed to a platinum mine

(4) a ring

(5) a yacht

(6) a car

Listen to the song and put the presents mentioned above in the order of their appearance in the

song.

Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.

КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики

5. TAYLOR SWIFT

«Santa Baby»

Santa baby, slip a sable under the tree, for me

I’ve been an awful good girl, Santa baby

So hurry down the chimney tonight

Santa baby, a ’54 convertible, too, light blue

Well I’ll wait up for you, dear, Santa baby

So hurry down the chimney tonight, yeah

Think of all the fun I’ve missed

Think of all the boys I haven’t kissed

Next year I could be just as good

If you check off my Christmas list

Santa baby, I want a yacht and really that’s not a lot

I’ve been an angel all year, Santa baby

So hurry down the chimney tonight

Santa, honey, there’s one more thing I really do need, the deed

To a platinum mine, Santa honey

So hurry down the chimney tonight

Come and trim my Christmas tree

With some decorations bought at Tiffany’s

I really do believe in you

Let’s see if you believe in me

Santa baby, forgot to mention one little thing

A ring

And I don’t mean on the phone, Santa baby

So hurry down the chimney tonight

Достарыңызбен бөлісу:

Источник

bosh (si): empty talk, nonsense.

umph [лпн»]: an interjection expressing uncertainty or suspicion.

poppycock: foolish nonsense.

by gum (dial.): by God.

kinda: the spelling fixes contraction of the preposition ‘of and its
assimilation with the preceding noun which is a characteristic trait of
American pronunciation.

elfish: (becoming rare) (of people or behaviour) having the guality
or habit of playing tricks on people like an elf; mischievous.
colored: the American spelling is somewhat simpler than its British
counterpart. The suffix -our is spelled -or.
the Metropolitan Museum of Art: the leading museum in America,
was founded in 1870. Its collections cover a period of 5,000 years,
representing the cultures of the Ancient world and Near and Far East as well
as the arts of Europe and America. Among the collections are the paintings,
which include oils, pastels, water-colours, miniatures and drawings. There
are over 5,000 exhibits, among which are the works of Italian, Spanish,
Dutch, Flemish, German, French , English and American artists.
the Museum of Modern Art: a repository of art peculiar to the
twentieth century, was opened in 1929. It has several departments among
which are the department of architecture and design, the department of
painting and sculpture, the department of photography.
gob (si): a mass of smth. sticky.
admonish: to scold or warn gently.

144

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY Vocabulary Notes

1. relieve vt 1) to lessen or remove (pain or distress), e. g. The remedy
relieved his pain at once. Nothing could relieve her anxiety, to relieve
one’s feelings to make oneself feel better by using strong language,
shedding tears, etc., e. g. She burst out crying and that relieved her
feelings, to feel relieved (to hear or at hearing, to see or at the sight of, to
know smth.), e. g. They felt relieved to hear that he was safe. syn. ease, as
to ease the pain of a wound; to ease a person’s anxiety, e. g. This medicine
will ease the pain quickly. 2) to take another’s place on duty, as to relieve
a sentry; 3) to take smth. from a person, e. g. Let me relieve you of your
bag.

relief n lessening or ending of pain, anxiety, etc., as to sigh with relief; to give (to bring) relief (no relief, some relief) to smb., e. g. The medicine brought (gave) him immediate relief. Tears brought her no relief. What a relief! syn. comfort, e. g. The news that her son was getting well and strong brought great comfort to her.

2. art л 1) creation of beautifil things, as a work of art; art-lover; art
critic; genuine art; pretence of art; graphic art; applied art; folk art; the
Fine Arts (painting, music, sculpture), e. g. I am interested in the new
trends in art. 2) pi. the Humanities, e. g. History and literature are among
the arts. Bachelor (Master) of Arts (a university degree); 3) skill, craft,
e. g. The making of such rafts has become a lost art.

artist n a person who practises one of the Fine Arts, esp. paintings, as a professional artist, amateur artist, e. g. Reynolds was the most prominent artist of his day.

artistic adj done with skill and good taste, as artistic skill; artistic taste; artistic person, e. g. Gainsborough was essentially an artistic person.

artificial adj 1) not natural, as artificial flowers (light, silk, etc.), e. g. Andrew Manson had to use artificial respiration to revive the baby. 2) not genuine or sincere, e. g. Her smile is so artificial that I don’t trust her.

3. draw vt/i 1) to pull or cause to move from one place to another,
e. g. Draw your chair nearer to the table. 2) to pull, to take out, e. g. He put
his hand in his pocket and drew out a ring. 3) to make smb. talk esp. one
who is unwilling to talk, e. g. It’s very difficult to draw him out. 4) to
attract, e. g. The exhibition is sure to draw crowds. 5) to get; to obtain,
ёг-^r. He draws his inspiration from nature. They drew different
conclusions from the same facts. 6) to make lines on paper, as to draw
well; to draw in pencil; to draw a bunch of flowers, e. g. He drew a picture
of his niece. I can draw a map of the area for you. 7) to move or come
towards, e. g. The concert season is drawing to a close.

145
draw л something that attracts attention, e. g. The new play proved a great draw.

drawing л the art of making pictures; a picture, e. g. Turner left a vast mass of work, oil paintings, water-colours and drawings.

4. picture л 1) painting, drawing, sketch, as a picture gallery; in the
foreground (background) of the picture, e. g. There is nothing of unusual
interest in the subject matter of the picture. Every detail in the picture
plays its part in the composition, syn. piece, as a flower piece,
a conversation piece. 2) photograph, e. g. The picture I took of you last
week turned out very well. 3) a perfect type, an embodiment, e. g. You
look the picture of health. 4) a film, e. g. I like to see a good picture once
in a while.

picture vt 1) to make a picture, describe in words, e. g. The novel pictures life in Russia before the Revolution. 2) to imagine, e. g. I can’t quite picture you as a teacher.

depict vt to make a picture of, e. g. Perov liked to depict the scenes and types of common life. syn. represent, portray, e. g. The picture represented two Italian women talking. Turner tried to portray the mood of the sea.

picturesque adj giving vivid impression of nature or reality; romantic, e. g. I wonder who lives in that picturesque cottage over there.

5. paint л, e. g. Constable sometimes used a palette knife to apply the
paint instead of a brush.

paint vt/i 1) to put paint on, e. g. They painted the door white. 2) to make a picture by using paint, as to paint from nature, e. g. Ceremonial portraits were painted according to formula. Turner excelled in painting marine subjects. 3) to describe vividly in words, e. g. You are painting the situation too dark.

painter л an artist, as painter of battle-pieces, genre painter, landscape painter, portrait painter.

painting л 1) the act, art or occupation of laying on colours, e. g. Painting has become his world. 2) a painted picture, as an oil paintings, still life paintings, a collection of paintings, an exquisite piece of painting, syn. canvas, e. g. An oil-painting caught and held him … he forgot his awkward walk and came closer to the painting, very close. The beauty faded out of the canvas.

6. colour л 1) as bright (dark, rich, cool, warm, dull, faded) colours,
e. g. The dancers wore tight-fitting dresses of richly glowing colours.
colour scheme combination of colours, e. g. Gainsborough’s pictures are
painted in clear and transparent tone, in a colour scheme where blue and
green predominate. 2) materials used by painters, e. g. Turner constantly
used water-colour for immediate studies from nature, to paint smth. in
(dark) bright colours to describe smth. (un) favourably, e. g. The
headmaster painted the school’s future in bright colours. 3) the red or

146

pink in the cheeks, e. g. She has very little colour today, off colour not feeling well; in low spirits, e. g. He’s been feeling rather off colour lately.

colour vt/i 1) to become coloured, e. g. The leaves have begun to colour. 2) (fig.) to change in some way, to make a description more exciting, e. g. News is often coloured in newspapers.

coloured adj having colour, as cream-coloured; flesh-coloured; a coloured print; a multicoloured handkerchief, e. g. I’ll make myself one white and one coloured dress for the summer. When they were wet the pebbles were multicoloured and beautiful.

colourless adj without colour; pale; (fig.) without interest or character, as a colourless story (person); ant. colourful.

colouring л style in which the thing is coloured, as gaudy (subtle) colouring, e. g. His drawing is good but his colouring is poor.

colourist л an artist whose works are characterized by beauty of colour, e. g. As a colourist Gainsborough had few rivals among English painters.

7. doubt л uncertainty of mind; lack of certainty; a state of uncertainty,
e. g. There is (there can be) no (not much, some, great, slight) doubt about
it. I have no (not much, little, not the slightest) doubt that he will come.
I have doubts as to his intentions, no doubt certainly, e. g. She will no
doubt cope with the work.

doubt vt/i to be uncertain, as to doubt the truth of smth. (the facts, smb.’s ability to do smth., etc.), e. g. Do you doubt his honesty? to doubt if (whether) smth. is correct (true, wrong, smb. will do smth.), e. g. I doubt whether he will come, not to doubt that, e. g. I don’t doubt that he will come. Do you doubt that he will come?

doubtful adj uncertain; not definite; hesitating, e. g. Tha weather looks very doubtful. He’s a doubtful character, to be (feel) doubtful as to, e. g. I’m doubtful as to what I ought to do.

8. select vt to pick out, esp. for its superior qualities, as to select a gift
(a suitable person, the best singers, the most typical cases, the best
samples, etc.), e. g. They selected a site for the monument, syn. choose,
pick, e. g. The small girl chose the biggest apple in the dish. I picked this
way because it was the shortest.

selection л choice; a collection of specially chosen examples, as natural (artificial) selection; selections from Shakespeare (Russian composers, etc.); poetry, prose selections; a good selection of paintings (goods, etc.), e. g. This department store has a good selection of hats.

9. size л 1) a degree of largeness or smallness, e. g. It was about the
size of a pea-nut. 2) one of a series of numbered classes, e. g. What size
shoes (gloves, collar) do you wear? — Size 36 shoes. I want a hat a size
smaller (larger). They bought him a coat a size (two sizes) too large
(small) for him.

-sized adj (in compounds) having a certain size, as medium-sized; a life-sized portrait, e. g. I want medium-sized pajamas.

147
10. effort л trying hard, as a heroic (tremendous, last, strong, great, desperate, etc.) effort; continued (constant, vain) efforts, e. g. It was such an effort to get up on those dark winter mornings, to do smth. with an effort (without effort), e. g. He collected himself with an effort. He lifted the box without effort, to make an (every, no) effort, e. g. I will make every (no) effort to help him. to cost smb. much effort to do smth., e. g. It cost me much effort of will to give up tobacco, to spare no effort(s), e. g. The police promised to spare no effort(s) in their search/in searching for the missing child.

Word Combinations and Phrases

to exhibit (smth.) in a show

a lifetime dream

a mature artist

to become a laughing-stock

to be accepted for the show

an inconspicuous place

to blush to the top of one’s ears

the close of the exhibition

to award a prize (a medal)

to be in good (bad) shape

at a great sacrifice to one’s health

to take up art (painting)

to avert a disaster

to look at smb./smth. appraisingly

a box of water-colours

a tube of oils

to send smth. to the cleaner’s

to become involved in smth.

to execute a picture (a statue)

READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

a) Listen to the recording of Text Five and mark the stresses and tunes,
b) Repeat the text in the intervals after the model.
Put fifteen questions to the text.
Copy out from Text Five the sentences containing the word combinations
and phrases given on p. 148 and translate them into Russian.
Paraphrase the following sentences using the word combinations and
phrases (p. 148).

1. Pygmalion fell in love with a statue of Galatea which he had made in ivory, and at his prayer Aphrodite gave it life. 2. The art dealer looked at the picture trying to judge its worth but refused to commit himself. 3. Another of his ambitions— a cherished dream — was one day to have a library. 4. Is it possible to determine what works will be given prizes before the close of the exhibition? 5. There is no denying the fact that the pictures are well done

148

technically. 6. Unfortunately I do not remember the name of the young artist who is giving an exhibition at the gallery. 7. When did Jane first begin to take an interest in painting? 8. Don’t get mixed up in the quarrels of other people. 9. It’s the maddest idea I’ve ever heard. It would make Alexander an object of ridicule. 10. She blushed furiously for shame. 11. You’re in wonderful form, Diana. Where did you get that divine dress? 12. It’s no use sending my clothes to be cleaned, they are past repair. 13. Our garden is in good condition after the rain.

5. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combina
tions and phrases given on p. 148.

1. Дела Герствуда были в плачевном состоянии, и, казалось, ничто не могло предотвратить катастрофу. 2. Он боялся, что станет посмешищем города. 3. Человек, которого вы называете многообещающим учеником, по-моему, зрелый художник, и чем скорее мы покажем его картины на выставке, тем лучше. 4. Карлтон стал крупным ученым, принеся в жертву здоровье. 5. Кто-то уронил на пол тюбик с красками, а я наступил на него. Теперь придется отдавать ковер в чистку. 6. Не говори глупостей (не будь смешным). Если бы ты положил записку на видном месте, я бы заметил ее. 7. Джон покраснел до корней волос, когда мать уличила его во лжи. 8. Статуя, которую создал Пигмалион, была так прекрасна, что он влюбился в нее. 9. После закрытия выставки 1882 года, будучи уже зрелым художником, Ку-инджи сделал ошеломляющее заявление, что он больше не будет демонстрировать свои картины на выставках. 10. Констебл.был награжден золотой медалью за картину «Воз сена» («Hay Wain»), которая была выставлена в Париже в 1824 году. 11. К огромному удивлению хозяина мазня обезьяны была принята для показа на выставке. 12. Члены жюри пришли к выводу, что картины молодого художника выполнены с большим мастерством, и присудили ему первую премию. 13. Соме и Флер договорились, что пойдут на выставку современного искусства вместе. Соме пришел первым. С любопытством разглядывая произведения экспрессионистов, он не переставал удивляться, почему их приняли на выставку и поместили на самых видных местах. «Юнона», созданная «многообещающим» молодым скулыггаром Полем Поустом, была похожа на кривобокий насос с двумя ручками. Настоящее посмешище!

6. Make up and practise a short situation using the word combinations and
phrases.

7. Make up and act out a dialogue using the word combinations and phrases.

149
8. Find in Text Five equivalents for the following words and phrases and use
them in sentences of your own:

to think over carefully; at the expense of one’s health; to develop an interest in art; to prevent a great misfortune; a student likely to succeed; lower on one side than on the other; speak about smth. for a long time; to produce the desired effect; to get mixed up in smth.; to thirst for information; cherished dream; highly-skilled artist; object of ridicule or teasing; to caution against smth.; to one’s great surprise; not easily seen or noticed; to move silently and secretly, usually for a bad purpose; to blush furiously; to give a prize; to speak quickly and sharply

9. Find in Text Five English equivalents for the following phrases and write
them out:

1. Это для вас очень полезно. 2. Ничего не могу с ним поделать! 3. Он детально обдумал этот вопрос. 4. Случай был незаурядный.

5. С ущербом для здоровья и кошелька. 6. Я хочу вам что-то предло
жить. 7. Сердце больного не справилось с такой нагрузкой. 8. Катаст
рофу удалось предотвратить. 9. Это будет интересно. 10. Мое дело
предложить. 11. Работал по ночам лифтером, чтобы заработать день
ги на учебу в колледже. 12. Он смотрел на него оценивающим взгля
дом. 13. Давайте попробуем нарисовать вот ту вазу на камине. 14. Ри
сунок на столе отдаленно напоминал вазу. 15. Ну, как вам это
нравится? 16. Вы не могли бы приходить два раза в неделю? 17. Да
вайте договоримся на понедельник и среду. 18. Он разглагольствовал
о переливах красок в вазе с фруктами. 19. Лечение шло успешно.
20. Совершенно новый мир предстал перед его зачарованным взо
ром. 21. Он ошеломил всех своим заявлением. 22. Крупнейшая выс
тавка года, если не по величине, то по значению. 23. Заветная мечта
каждого зрелого мастера. 24. Картина была повешена так, что она не
привлекала внимания. 25. Против обыкновения он был бодр и весел.

10. Explain what is meant by:

1. Doctor Caswell received the information with his usual professional calm. 2. He had done some constructive thinking since his last visit. 3. The old gentleman was in pretty good shape for a man of seventy-six. 4. All his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocket-book. 5. The doctor had his stethoscope ready in case the abruptness of the suggestion proved too much for the patient’s heart.

6. But the old gentleman’s answer was a vigorous «Rot!» 7. Collis P.
Ellsworth looked at him appraisingly. 8. «There it is, young man,»

150

he snapped with a grunt of satisfaction. 9. He would dwell on the rich variety of colour in a bowl of fruit. 10. The treatment was working perfectly. 11. An entirely new world opened up its charming mysteries. 12. The old man displayed insatiable curiosity about the galleries and the painters who exhibited in them. 13. The lifetime dream of every mature artist in the United States was a Lathrop prize. 14. Fortunately, the painting was hung in an inconspicuous place where it could not excite any noticeable comment. 15. Young Swain sneaked into the Gallery one afternoon and blushed to the top of his ears when he saw «Trees Dressed in White», a loud, raucous splash on the wall. 16. As two giggling students stopped before the strange anomaly Swain fled in terror. 17. Swain and Kop-pel uttered a series of inarticulate gurgles.

11. Answer the following questions or do the given tasks:

1. How does the story begin? What does the word «Nope» (repeated three times) suggest? Complaining of Old Ellsworth his male nurse speaks in short abrupt sentences, four of which begin with the pronoun «he». What effect is achieved? 2. What can you say about the health and spirits of the old man? 3. Do you feel a ring of irony in the sentence «All his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook»? What other cases of irony can you point out? 4. What interjections does Old Ellsworth use in his speech? What trait of his character do they emphasize? 5. What is the «tylistic value of the slang words in the text? 6. Why did the wrinkles deepen at the corners of his eyes as Old Ellsworth spoke to Swain? How do you understand the word «elfishly»? 7. Whom did he call «old pineapple juice» and why? 8. What progress did the old man make in art? Why is he compared with a child playing with a picture book? What is said about the first drawings he made and the painting accepted for the Lathrop Show? Disclose the stylistic value of the simile «resembled a gob of salad dressing thrown violently up against the side of a house». 9. How can you account for the inverted word order in the sentence «Upon this distinguished group Ellsworth/was going to foist his «Trees Dressed in White»? 10. What is the implication of the verb «sneak» used to characterize Swain’s appearance at the exhibition? 11. How had Ellsworth changed since he took up art? Can you see any reflection of this change in his speech? 12. What sentences in the second part of the story suggest that Old Ellsworth was up to something? Comment

151
on the sentence «An entirely new world opened up its charming mysteries». 13. Why was it easy for Old Ellsworth to wind everybody round his finger? Do you think that a story like this could have happened in New York? 14. How is the profession of the author reflected in the story? Speak on the element of the grotesque and satire. 15. Why was the story entitled the way it was? An allusion to what doctrine is present here?

12. a) Find in Text Five three adjectives with the negative prefix ‘in-‘ and use
them in sentences of your own. b) Add the negative prefix ‘in-‘ to the following
stems and translate the words into Russian:

accurate, attentive, capable, cautious, complete, considerate, convenient, correct, decent, discreet, distinct, experienced, human, sensible, significant, sociable, visible

13. Comment on the American peculiarities of the text and find the Ameri
canisms for the following:

small and unimportant; railway; to play with; lift; central part

Pick out from Text Five the verbs that introduce the direct speech. Com
ment on their usage and shades of meaning.
Pick out from Text Five sentences describing the main characters. Give
character sketches of Old Ellsworth, Doctor Caswell and Frank Swain.
Retell Text Five: a) close to the text; b) in indirect speech; c) as if you were
one of the characters.
Give a summary of Text Five.
Make up a dialogue between:

Doctor Caswell and Judson Livingston about the old man.
The giggling students that stopped before «Trees Dressed in
White».
The old man and Frank Swain about art galleries and exhibi
tions.
Doctor Caswell and the old man about art and his apprecia
tion of it.

19. Dramatize the story «Art for Heart’s Sake». Be sure to bring the necessary accessories into the classroom. Discuss the value of the performances.

Источник

GUIDE TO LITERARY
ANALYSIS / EVALUATING A STORY

A close scrutiny of a fine
literary text may be in itself a richly satisfying and rewarding experience as
it enhances our intercultural sensitivity and awareness that there are
universal truths and sentiments that bind us. To be able to do it a student
should be aware of the literary devices writers use to enrich their language
and create complexity within a story. The short story is usually concerned with
a single effect conveyed in only the one or a few significant episodes or
scenes. The form encourages economy of setting and concise narrative; character
is disclosed in action and dramatic encounter but is seldom fully developed.
The way a story is presented is a key element in fictional structure.

Any work of
fiction consists of relatively independent elements — narration, description,
dialogue, interior monologue, digressions, etc. Narration is dynamic, it
gives a continuous account of events, while description is static, it
is a verbal portraiture of an object, person or scene. It may be detailed and
direct or impressionistic, giving few but striking details. Through the
dialogue the characters are better portrayed, it also brings the action
nearer to the reader, makes it seem more swift and more intense. Interior
monologue renders the thoughts and feelings of a character. Digression
consists of an insertion of material that has no immediate relation to the
theme or action. It may be lyrical, philosophical or critical. The
interrelation between different components of a literary text is called composition.

Most novels and stories have plots. Every plot
is an arrangement of meaningful events. No matter how insignificant or
deceptively casual, the events of the story are meant to suggest the
character’s morals and motives. Sometimes a plot follows the chronological
order of events. At other times there are jumps back and forth in time (flashbacks
and foreshadowing). The four structural components of the plot are
exposition, complication, climax and denouement. Exposition contains a
short presentation of time, place and characters of the story. It is usually to
be found at the beginning of the story, but may also be» interwoven in the
narrative by means of flashbacks, so that the reader gradually comes to know
the characters and events leading up to the present situation. Complication is
a separate incident helping to unfold the action, and might involve thoughts
and feelings as well. Climax is the decisive moment on which the fate of
the characters and the final action depend. It is the point at which the forces
in the conflict reach the highest intensity. Denouement means «the
untying of a knot» which is precisely what happens in this phase. Not all
stories have a denouement. Some stories end right after the climax, leaving it
up to the reader to judge what will be the outcome of the conflict.

The way a
story is presented is a key element in fictional structure. This involves both
the angle of vision, the point from which the people, events, and other details
are viewed, and also the words of the story. The view aspect is called the focus or point of view, and the verbal aspect the voice. It is important to distinguish between the author, the
person who wrote the story, and the narrator, the person or voice telling the story.
The author may select a first-person
narrative, when one of the characters tells of things that only he or she
saw and felt. In a third-person
narrative the omniscient author
moves in and out of peoples thoughts and comments freely on what the characters
think, say and do.

Most
writers of the short story attempt to create characters who strike us, not as
stereotypes, but as unique individuals. Characters
are called round if they are complex
and develop or change in the course of the story. Flat characters are usually one-sided, constructed round a single
trait; if two characters have distinctly opposing features, one serves as a foil to the other, and the contrast
between them becomes more apparent. Round and flat characters have different functions in the conflict of the
story.

The conflict may be external, i.e. between human beings or between man and the
environment (individual against nature, individual against the established
order/values in the society). The internal
conflict takes place in the mind, here the character is torn between
opposing features of his personality. The two parties in the conflict are
called the protagonist and his or
her antagonist. The description of
the different aspects (physical, moral, social) of a character is known as characterization when the author
describes the character himself, or makes another do it, it is direct characterization. When the
author shows the character in action, and lets the reader judge for himself the
author uses the indirect method of characterization.

A short
story is more than just a sequence of happenings. Its setting may be no less
important than the events themselves. The term setting is generally taken to
include not only the geographical place in which the events in a story happen,
but also a historical era, the daily lives and customs of the characters. The
particular time and physical location of the story form the setting. Such details as the time of the year, certain parts of
— the landscape, the weather, colours, sounds, or other seemingly uninteresting
details may be of great importance. The setting can have various functions in a
given story:

1) it can provide a realistic background,

2) it can evoke the necessary atmosphere,

3) it can help describe the characters indirectly.

The author’s choice of characters, events,
situations, details and his choice of words is by no means accidental. Whatever
leads us to enter the author’s attitude to his subject matter is called tone. Like the tone of voice, the tone
of a story may communicate amusement, anger, affection, sorrow, contempt. Of
the clearest indications of the tone of a story is the style in which it is written. In this sense, the notion of style
means the language a writer and includes such traits as the length and
complexity of sentences, the choice of words (abstract or concrete, bookish or
colloquial) and the use of such stylistic devices as simile, metaphor,
synecdoche, etc. One of the chief devices is the symbol. It may be a person, an object or an action that represents
sometimes else because of its association with it. It is frequently a visible
sign of something invisible.

The theme of a story is like unifying
general idea about Life that the entire story reveals. In some stories the
theme is unmistakable, in others, it is not obvious. That is, it need not be a moral or a massage; it may be
what the happenings add up to, what the story is about. Frequently writers are
interested in suggesting rather than explaining the theme of a story, leaving
it to the reader to infer, or deduce, the hidden meaning. They have a variety
of means at their disposal, such as parallelism, contrast, repetition, artistic
details, symbols, etc. Indeed, plot, focus and voice, and character are not so
much interrelated, as they are fused and inseparable. The author rarely gives a
direct statement of the theme in a story. It is up to the reader to collect
and combine all his observations and finally to try to formulate the idea
illustrated by the story. The most important generalization the author
expresses is sometimes referred to as the message.
The message depends on the writer’s outlook, and the reader may either share it
or not.

There are
few absolute rights or wrongs when it comes to analyzing a short story.
Nevertheless, the underlying premise of our approach is that students must read
each story twice at home.

There are no
hard and fast rules about text interpretation but one is usually expected to
sum up the contents and express his overall view of the story. The following
questions will be useful in the analysis if a story.

COMPOSITION AND
PLOT; FOCUS; VOICE

What are
the bare facts of the story? What is the exposition, complication, climax and
denouement? Are the elements of the plot ordered chronologically? How does the
story begin? Is the action fast/slow moving? Which episodes have been given the
greatest emphasis? Is the end clear-cut and conclusive or does it leave room
for suggestion? On what note does the story end? Is the plot of major or minor
importance? Does the author speak in his own voice or does he present the
events from the point of view of one of the characters ? Has the narrator
access to the thoughts and feelings»of all the characters? — Only a few?
Just one? Is the narrator reliable? Can we trust his judgement? Is there any
change in the point of view? What effect does this change have? Is the
narrative factual/dry/emotional? Are the events credible or melodramatic?

CHARACTERS AND
SETTING

What are the characters names and what do
they look like? Does this have any significance? Are the characters round or
flat? Does the narrator employ interior monologue to render the thoughts and
feelings of the characters? Are the characters credible? Do they act
consistently? If not, why not? With what main problem is the protagonist faced?
Is it a conflict with another individual? With society? Within himself? In the
course of the story do the characters change as a result of their experience?
Does the narrator sympathise with the characters? Remains aloof and detached?
Is the particular setting essential or could the story have happened anywhere
at any time? Has the narrator emphasised certain details? Which? Why? What
functions does the setting have?

THEME AND ARTISTIC
EFFECT

What is the general effect achieved? Has the writer
caused characters, and settings to come alive? What was the conflict and how
was is solved, if at all? Were there any striking repetitions of actions,
words, thoughts or symbols? Has the protagonist learned anything? Has he or she
acquired a greater knowledge or insight or reached a new awareness? Does the
title of the story indicate anything about the theme? Are the theme and story
fused and inseparable? How does the word choice and syntax contribute to the
atmosphere? Does the story abound in tropes or does the narrator use them
sparingly? What images lend the story a lyrical, melancholy, humorous effect?
Are they genuine, poetic, fresh, trite, hackneyed, stale? Is the general tone
matter-of-fact, sentimental, moralizing, bitter, ironical, sarcastic? What
attitude to life does the story express? What seems to be the relationship
between the author, the narrator and the reader?

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Is there a/what is the French equivelent to ‘nope’?
And would ‘ouais’ be like ‘yeah’?

Last edited by a moderator: Oct 4, 2008

I think «Ouais» is good for «yeah.» (I’ve also seen «Ouaip!»)

For «Non,» how about «Nan»? Or is that too childish?

«Nan» sounds perfect to translate «nope». I don’t think it’s too childish, even though you wouldn’t use it for a very formal conversation. Anyway, nope is itselft familiar right?

«Ouais» would translate «yeah» and «ouaip» (less common) would be good to translate «yep».

If you are looking for a funny way to say non in French, I suggest you use Russian or German: niet! nein! (Although you will only be understood by your polyglot interlocutors).
Or you can say: ben non!, dame non!, ah non!

It’s a colloquial way to say «no». («Nan» in French maybe)

thanks a lot !
I had heard that so many times before but I still had a doubt…
Cool.

Hey all !
What does the word «nope» means exactly ?

example :
_This guy is kinda bad at talking english.
_Nope

If it’s «no», why not saying «no» ? :confused:

Hi Quainteen!
«Nope» means «No»,but i don’t know why they don’t say simply»no»?!

Hey all !
What does the word «nope» means exactly ?

example :
_This guy is kinda bad at talking english.
_Nope

If it’s «no», why not saying «no» ?

It’s a casual way of saying «No.» It’s not really bad English, but informal English, although you must remember that American English tends to be pretty informal.

I think «nope» is used in part because it has more (aural) weight than «no.» You wouldn’t use it in response to a serious question.

Do you want to read the paper after me?
Nope, I already read it.

Last edited: Oct 4, 2008

Nope is a funny word. It’s stronger than «no» and to my ears can sound either childlike or excessively nonchalant (to the point of rudeness).

I believe «nope» came from us saying «no» quickly. When you say it quickly and definitively, your lips close quickly, ending the word with the «p» sound. We started speaking it that way before it actually starting being written as «nope.»

thanks, asmoen the US linguist

The word «no» has a serious connotation. «Nope» is more of a casual, relaxed word. The same is true of the distinction between «yes» and «yeah.»

I like your style asmoen. Sounds perfect.

I also hear (and see written) yep for yes — but I think it’s American

«Yup» is more universal than «yep» I think, «yep» being kind of regional USAmerican. «Yup» is really quite common in informal situations.
— Are you ready to go?
— Yup, coming now.

I would say that the pairs are

yup/nope
yeah/nah
(and the old yay/nay)

«Nah», however, often carries an overtone of dismissiveness.

I think «yeah» for «yes» is heard in more situations than «nope» for «no».

You may also hear in the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland — «Aye» for yes (pronnounced «I»).

This is most definately not correct english but can be heard commonly in certain areas and may be used in written text to convey a regionality to the story.

It most definitely is correct English (and Scots) as they say in the House of Commons — those who say aye? and in the Navy — Aye, Aye Sir.

As for «ouaip,» I think that may be limited entirely to Lucky Luke, hero of French cartoons, «l’homme qui tire plus vite que son ombre. Being a cowboy in the American West and en même temps a French comic book hero, he says «ouaip» (rather than «ouais»), a jokey reference to «yep.»

It most definitely is correct English (and Scots) as they say in the House of Commons — those who say aye? and in the Navy — Aye, Aye Sir.

Very good point! I had in my mind more of an «Aye, Mr.Wilkes» in Emmerdale Farm but you are spot on.

I use a lot of «yep/yup» and «nope» and I understand them as
«yep» is more like «okay», «sure» sort of «yes» — nope being the negative counterpart… there being some sort of finality to it.
So — if Lucky Luke said Ouaip in French for yup, what did he say for nope? Nan? Naip?

yeah/nah — yay/nay
I was told ouah can and is used but more as the joyous celebration kind of «YAY!» as if when someone wins and yells «YES!!»
so — what is the negative counterpart of that? What do french gamers say when something catastrophic happens… Or «Luke, I’m your father» «NOOOO!»
Is it still «NON!» — is it «OH, NON!» «Oh-la-la!» Niet!

Источник