How do you explain the word fracture

Цели занятия:

Образовательная: познакомить студентов с
признаками переломов, правилами ухода при
наличии гипса, отработать лексику по теме,
повторить грамматический материал по теме Present
Simple.

Студент должен уметь: читать и переводить
тексты по теме занятия, строить высказывания с
использованием новой лексики по теме, строить
предложения в Present Simple.

Студент должен знать: правила употребления
временной формы Present Simple, лексику по теме,
признаки переломов, правила ухода за гипсом.

Оснащение.

1. Наглядные пособия: таблицы.
2. Дидактический материал: рабочая тетрадь.

ТСО: компьютер, презентация.

Внутридисциплинарные связи: темы по
анатомии.

Междисциплинарные связи: анатомия,
физиология, гигиена.

Литература: основная С.А. Тылкина. Пособие по
английскому языку для медицинских училищ. — М.:
АНМИ, 2000.

Ход занятия

1. Организационный момент.

2. Основная часть.

1) Повторение лексики по теме (словарный диктант
с русского на английский, составление
словосочетаний, перевод предложений со словами с
английского на русский):

Fracture, to break, bone, closed, open, to complain of, to move, swelling, to appear,
splint, bind, X-rays, plaster cast, limb.

2) Работа над текстом:

Fracture

The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractures: closed
and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is
a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of a break. The
pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb.
Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.

a) Прочитать и перевести текст.

b) Найти в тексте следующие выражения:

нет раны на коже, более серьёзный, жаловаться на
боль, становиться более сильной, пытаться
двигаться, не позволяйте, но не в месте перелома,
на сломанные конечности

c) Ответить на вопросы:

1. What does the word “fracture” mean?

2. What kinds of fractures do you know?

3. What fracture is more serious?

4. When does the pain become more severe?

5. How can you help the person with fracture?

6. What do the doctors do with fractures?

d) Пересказать текст.

3) Работа над презентацией:

a) чтение текста слайдов по цепочке;

b) работа с незнакомой лексикой (со словарем);

c) запись новой информации по теме в тетрадь;

d) контроль знаний материалов презентации.

4) Выполнение грамматических упражнений в
рабочей тетради с последующей проверкой:

Тема: “Глагол в Present Simple”

1. Поставьте глагол в нужной форме Present Simple:

Diana (to work) _____________ in a hospital.

Robin and Tom (to help) _______________the doctor.

I (to try) _________ to become a good student.

We always (to come) ______________to college in time.

The patient (to have) _____________a severe pain.

Molly (to study) ______________ well.

They (to help) _____________old people.

2. Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

The course of study lasts four years.

The First Moscow Medical Academy has over 70 departments.

Scientists study the effect of colour on man.

I want to be a doctor.

Students learn the so-called pre-clinical subjects.

We buy medicines and eye-glasses at the chemist’s.

3. Постройте все виды вопросов к предложениям:

These instructions are very important for patients.

Nobody likes to go to the dentist.

These boys do morning exercises every day.

3. Заключительная часть.

Подведение итогов, оценивание ответов
студентов, запись домашнего задания.

Другие языки

FRACTURES

Your bones are tough stuff — but even tough stuff can break. Like a wooden pencil, bones will bend under strain. But if the pressure is too much, or too sudden, bones can snap. You can break a bone by falling off a skateboard or crashing down from the monkey bars. When a bone breaks it is called a fracture. The word “fracture” means a break in a bone.

There are two kinds of fractures: closed and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

Doctors describe fractures in the following ways:

A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces.

A greenstick fracture is when the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through.

A single fracture is when the bone is broken in one place.

A comminuted fracture is when the bone is broken into more than two pieces or crushed.

A bowing fracture, which only happens in kids, is when the bone bends but doesn’t break.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of the break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move. If you think you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to:

• stay calm
• make sure the person who is hurt is as comfortable as possible
• do not let the person move
• use a splint for the broken limb
• bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture
• call the emergency number in your area

One super-important tip: If you’re not sure what bone is broken or you think the neck or back is broken, do not try to move the injured person. Wait until a trained medical professional has arrived.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs. the special bandage that will keep the bone in place for the 1 to 2 months it will take for the break to mend.

Words:

1. fracture – перелом

2. to break – ломать, перелом

3. bone – кость

4. closed – закрытый

5. open – открытый

6. to complain of – жаловаться на

7. to move – двигаться

8. comminuted fracture – оскольчатый перелом

9. single fracture – единичный перелом

10. greenstick fracture – прелом по типу зеленой веточки

11. complete fracture – полный перелом

12. to appear – появляться

13. splint – шина

14. to bind — перевязывать

15. X-rays – рентгеновы лучи

16. plaster cast – гипсовая повязка

17. limb – конечность

Ex.1 Find English equivalents. Найдите английские эквиваленты.

Нет раны на коже, более серьёзный, жаловаться на боль, становиться более сильной, пытаться двигаться, не позволяйте, наложите шину, на сломанные конечности.

Ex.2 Find Russian equivalents. Найдите русские эквиваленты.

To bend under strain, by falling off a skateboard, a break in a bone, more serious, a wound on the skin, an open fracture, a closed fracture, a comminuted fracture, a single fracture, a greenstick fracture, a complete fracture, to see the break, to put plaster casts/

Ex.3 Answer the questions.Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the word “fracture” mean?

2. What kinds of fractures do you know?

3. What fracture is more serious?

4. When does the pain become more severe?

5. How can you help the person with fracture?

6. What do the doctors do with fractures?

Text

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Fracture

Learn the words:
fracture – перелом swelling – опухоль to break – ломать splint – шина

bone – кость

to bind – перевязывать closed – закрытый open – открытый

X-ray – рентген

to complain of – жаловаться на… to appear – появляться

to move – двигаться plaster cast – гипс
Read and translate the text:
The word fracture means a break in a bone. There are two kinds of fracture: closed and open.

In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. The open fracture is more serious.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of the break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly.

Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb. Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture. Call an ambulance immediately.

Doctors use X-ray to see the break and put plaster cast on the broken limbs. Plaster cast is a special bandage. It will keep the bone in place for 1 or 2 months.
Слово «перелом» означает перелом кости. Существует два вида переломов: закрытый и открытый.

При закрытом переломе раны на коже нет. При открытом переломе есть рана. Открытый перелом более серьезен.

Если человек ломает руку или ногу, он жалуется на боль в месте перелома. Боль становится более сильной, если он нажимает на это место или пытается пошевелиться.

Отек появляется быстро.

Не позволяйте человеку двигаться. Наложите шину на сломанную конечность. Прикрепите шины к конечности, но не к месту перелома. Немедленно вызовите скорую помощь.

Врачи используют рентген, чтобы увидеть перелом, и накладывают гипсовую повязку на сломанные конечности. Гипсовая повязка -это специальная повязка. Это удержит кость на месте в течение 1 или 2 месяцев.

Ex 1. Find the equivalents in the text:

Открытый перелом, закрытый перелом, место перелома, рана на коже, боль становится сильнее, пытаться двигаться, опухоль появляется, не позволяйте двигаться, привязать шину, вызвать скорую, сделать рентген, накладывать гипс, держать кость на месте.

An open fracture, a closed fracture, a fracture site, a wound on the skin, the pain becomes stronger, try to move, a tumor appears, do not allow to move, tie a tire, call an ambulance, take an X-ray, apply a cast, keep the bone in place.
Ex 2. Answer the questions:

1. What does the word “fracture” mean?

The word fracture means a break in a bone

1. What kinds of fractures do you know?

There are two kinds of fracture: closed and open.

1. What fracture is more serious?
   The open fracture is more serious.

When does the pain become more severe?
The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

1. How can you help the person with fracture?

Don’t let the person move. Apply a splint to the broken limb. Attach splints to the limb, but not to the fracture site. Call an ambulance immediately.

1. What do the doctors do with fractures?

Doctors use X-ray to see the break and put plaster cast on the broken limbs

1. What is plaster cast?
   Plaster cast is a special bandage.

Read and translate the text using the notes:
A man slippedand injuredhis leg. The man’s friend calledan ambulance and when it arrived, transported him to the hospital, which was quite near. Two orderliescarried the man to the receiving-wardon a stretcherand placed him on a couch. The man complained of a bad pain in his leg and sufferedvery much. The surgeonexamined the patient carefully. His ankleand footwere swollen, but the skin was normal in colour.

After the X-rayexamination the surgeon diagnosed a fracture of the shinbone. The surgeon anaesthetized the injured area, placed the fragments in a correct position and applied a plasterofParisbandage. In two days the X-ray examination showed that the bones were in a correct position.

In five weeks the man recovered and the surgeon removed the plaster of Paris bandage. The third roentgenogram revealed that the fracture had completely healed. He was dischargedfrom the hospital and received a leave for two weeks. The surgeon advised him to come to the polyclinic for further treatment with massage and warm baths.

Мужчина поскользнулся и повредил ногу. Друг мужчины вызвал скорую помощь, и когда она прибыла, его отвезли в больницу, которая находилась совсем рядом. Двое санитаров отнесли мужчину на носилках в приемное отделение и положили на кушетку. Мужчина жаловался на сильную боль в ноге и очень страдал. Хирург тщательно осмотрел пациента. Его лодыжка и ступня распухли, но кожа была нормального цвета.

После рентгенологического обследования хирург диагностировал перелом берцовой кости. Хирург обезболил поврежденную область, поместил фрагменты в правильное положение и наложил гипсовую повязку. Через два дня рентгенологическое исследование показало, что кости находятся в правильном положении.

Через пять недель мужчина выздоровел, и хирург снял гипсовую повязку. Третья рентгенограмма показала, что перелом полностью зажил. Он был выписан из больницы и получил отпуск на две недели. Хирург посоветовал ему обратиться в поликлинику для дальнейшего лечения массажем и теплыми ваннами.
Notes:

1. to slip – поскользнуться
2. to injure – повреждать
3. to call – вызывать
4. orderly – санитар
5. receiving-ward – приемный покой
6. stretcher – носилки
7. couch – кушетка
8. to suffer – страдать
9. surgeon – хирург
10. to examine – осматривать ,обследовать
11. ankle – лодыжка
12. foot – стопа
13. to swell – вздуться, распухнуть
14. x-ray – рентген
15. shin bone – большая берцовая кость
16. plaster of Paris bandage = plaster cast – гипс
17. to recover – выздоравливать
18. to discharge – выписывать

Ex 1. Complete the sentences with the words: ankle, hospital, leg, friend, ambulance, foot, surgeon.

1. A man slipped and injured his … ankle.
2. The man’s friend calledan ambulance and when it arrived, transported him to the hospital, which was quite near
3. His ankleand footwere swollen, but the skin was normal in colour.
4. The surgeon anaesthetized the injured area
5. He was dischargedfrom the hospital in a good condition.

Ex 2. Translate from English into Russian:

To slip and injure the leg, to call an ambulance, to transport somebody to a hospital, quite near, to place somebody on a couch, to suffer very much, the skin was normal in colour, to diagnose a fracture, to remove the plaster of Paris bandage, to discharge from the hospital, to advise to treat with a massage and warm baths.

Поскользнуться и поранить ногу, вызвать скорую помощь, отвезти кого-то в больницу, совсем рядом, уложить кого-то на кушетку, очень сильно пострадать, кожа была нормального цвета, диагностировать перелом, снять гипсовую повязку, выписать из больницы, посоветовать лечить массажем и теплыми ваннами.
Ex 3. Answer the questions:

1. What was wrong with the man?

The man slipped and injured his leg. As it turned out later, he broke it

1. Who helped him?
   His friend helped him
2. What did he complain of?
   The man complained of a bad pain in his leg and sufferedvery much.
3. Was it a fracture of arm?
   No, it was a fracture of the tibia
4. What was applied to him?
   Role play the dialogue:

Student1: Sorry. May I come in?

Teacher: Yes, you may. Why are you late today?

Student 1: I fell down and suddenly I felt a severe pain in my arm. Student 2: Let me help you. I’ll accompany you to your place.

Teacher: Does your arm hurt you?

Student1: Yes it does. It hurts me very much.

Student 3: Let’s look, what an injury it is: a fracture or a bruise. Student 4: What is it a bruise or a fracture?

Student 3: I think it is a fracture. It is not like a bruise.

Student 5: What kind of fracture is it: an open or a closed one? Student 3: It is an open fracture. I see a wound on the skin of her arm.

Student 6: May be we’ll give first aid ourselves .We are future nurses. Not so long ago we had a surgical practice.

Student 3: But I suggest calling our paramedic. It will be safer. Student 7: I’ll look for her. I haven’t found her. She is out.

Teacher: In such case we must call an ambulance. Student 2: Is it an Emergency Department?

Ambulance person: Yes, it is. The Emergency Department is hearing. What is your problem?

Student 2: We have an injured person, a student of our group. Ambulance person: What is patient’s name?

Student 2: Her name is Galina Sokolova. Ambulance person: How old is she?

Student 2: She is 17 years old. Ambulance person: What is your address?

Student 2: Оur address is Alekseev Street, Kurgan Basic Medical College. Ambulance person: Wait, we’ll come soon.

Doctor: Where is the patient? Let me look, please. It is a fracture. Prepare a splint and a bandage. I’ll put a splint. Give an injection of local anesthesia.

Nurse: Galina, we will transport you to the hospital. You should consult a surgeon. Ex 1. Make up your own dialogue “At the Surgeon” using all the learned material.

Doctor: Come in, please.

Patient: Thank you. Doctor, I decided to make an appointment because yesterday I had a splitting headache and rash all over my body after taking pills for stomach pain.

Doctor: Did I write out a prescription for taking the pills?

Patient: Yes, here it is.

Doctor: These pills are very strong. They can trigger such symptoms as dizziness, nausea and even rash. Let me check you. I’ll measure your blood pressure but firstly put a thermometer into your armpit.

Doctor: Your temperature is in the normal range but your blood pressure is very low. Did you read the medicine label before taking those pills?

Patient: No, I thought your prescription and recommendations were enough to take them correctly.

Doctor: What dose did you take at once?

Patient: I took two pills.

Doctor: So everything should have been all right then. You told me you had no allergies. What’s wrong then?

Patient: Just a few days ago I was sneezing all day long but I went on taking the pills.

Doctor: As far as these pills are concerned, they mustn’t be taken if you have any allergies. So taking them caused terrible side effects.   

Translate:
Доктор: Проходите, пожалуйста.

Пациент: Спасибо. Доктор, я решила записаться на прием, потому что у меня вчера была сильная головная боль и сыпь по всему телу после приема таблеток от боли в желудке.

Доктор: Я выписал вам рецепт для приема таблеток?

Пациент: Да, вот он.

Доктор: Эти таблетки очень сильные. Они могут вызвать такие побочные эффекты, как головокружение, тошнота и даже сыпь. Позвольте мне проверить вас. Я измерю ваше кровяное давление, но сначала померяйте температуру.

(Через некоторое время)

Доктор: Ваша температура в пределах нормы, но кровяное давление очень низкое. Вы читали этикетку лекарства, прежде чем принимать эти таблетки?

Пациент: Нет, я думал, что вашего рецепта и рекомендаций достаточно, чтобы принимать их правильно.

Доктор: Какую дозу Вы принимали единовременно?

Пациент: Две таблетки.

Доктор: Все должно было быть хорошо. Вы сказали, что у вас нет аллергии. Что случилось потом?

Пациент: Просто несколько дней назад я чихала весь день, но продолжила прием таблеток.

Доктор: Эти таблетки нельзя принимать при возникновении аллергической реакции, поэтому прием их вызвал ужасные побочные эффекты.

The musculoskeletal system consists of the bones, muscles, ligaments,
and tendons. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains are
injuries that occur to the musculoskeletal system.

Fractures

Fractures are breaks or
cracks in bones. They are defined as either closed or open. Closed
fractures leave the skin unbroken. They are more common than open
fractures. An open fracture involves an open wound. Open fractures
are more serious than closed fractures because of the risks of
infection and severe bleeding. Fracture of a large bone can cause
severe shock because bones and soft tissue may bleed heavily.

Fractures can be accompanied by internal injuries. For example,
victims with fractured ribs can also have injuries to the lungs,
kidneys, or liver.

Fractures can be
caused by motor-vehicle accidents, falls, blows, sports injuries, or
bone diseases.

Dislocations

A dislocation is an
injury in which a bone is displaced from its normal position at a
joint. A dislocation may involve damage to the ligaments around the
joints.

Dislocations can be
caused by falls, sports injuries, motor-vehicle accidents, underlying
disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and others.

Sprains

A sprain is the partial
or complete tearing of ligaments and other tissues at a joint. The
more ligaments are torn, the more severe the injury. Sprain most
commonly occurs in joints of the ankles and knees.

Like dislocations, sprains can be caused by falls, sports injuries,
and motor-vehicle accidents.

Strains

A strain is a stretching
and tearing of muscle or tendon fibers. It is sometimes called a
«muscle pull» or «tear».

Strains are often caused
by lifting something too heavy. They often occur in the neck or back.
Strains of the neck or lower back can be very painful.

The signs of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains

The signs of these injuries are very similar. Five common signs of
musculoskeletal injuries are pain, swelling, deformity, bruising of
the skin, and inability to use the affected part normally.

Ex. 6. Translate the following words and word-combinations into
English:

Поперек;
розірваний;
розрив,
порушення цілісності
структури; зв’язка;
припухлість;
розтягнення;
пошкодження,
забиття;
внутрішній;
тріщина,
щілина;
супроводжувати;
спричиняти; кровотеча;
перелом; сухожилля.

Ex. 7. Translate the text «Fractures,
Dislocations, Sprains, and Strains” into Ukrainian.

Ex. 8.
Answer the questions:

1. What does the musculoskeletal system consist of? 2. What are
fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains? 3. Give the definition
to the medical term «fracture». 4. What kinds of fractures
do you know? 5. What are the causes of fractures? 6. What is a
dislocation? 7. What are the common causes of dislocations? 8. What
do you know about sprains? 9. Define the term «strain». 10.
What are the causes of strains? 11. What are the common signs of
fractures and dislocations?

Ex. 9.
Organize the information of the text «Fractures, Dislocations,
Sprains, and Strains» in the table:

	Definition	Causes	Signs
Fracture
Dislocation
Sprain
Strain

Ex. 10.
Characterize the following:

a) fracture;

b) dislocation;

c) sprain;

d) strain.

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