Holidays meaning of the word

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A holiday is a day or other period of time set aside for festivals or recreation. Public holidays are set by public authorities and vary by state or region. Religious holidays are set by religious organisations for their members and are often also observed as public holidays in religious majority countries. Some religious holidays such as Christmas have become or are becoming secularised by part or all of those who observe it. In addition to secularisation, many holidays have become commercialised due to the growth of industry.[1]

Holidays can be thematic, celebrating or commemorating particular groups, events or ideas, or non-thematic, days of rest which do not have any particular meaning. In Commonwealth English, the term can refer to any period of rest from work, such as vacations or school holidays. In American English, the holidays typically refers to the period from Thanksgiving to New Year’s, which contains many important holidays in American culture.

Terminology[edit]

The word holiday comes from the Old English word hāligdæg (hālig «holy» + dæg «day»).[2] The word originally referred only to special religious days.

The word holiday has differing connotations in different regions. In the United States the word is used exclusively to refer to the nationally, religiously or culturally observed day(s) of rest or celebration, or the events themselves, whereas in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations, the word may refer to the period of time where leave from one’s duties has been agreed, and is used as a synonym to the US preferred vacation. This time is usually set aside for rest, travel or the participation in recreational activities, with entire industries targeted to coincide or enhance these experiences. The days of leave may not coincide with any specific customs or laws. Employers and educational institutes may designate ‘holidays’ themselves which may or may not overlap nationally or culturally relevant dates, which again comes under this connotation, but it is the first implication detailed that this article is concerned with. The modern use varies geographically. In North America, it means any dedicated day or period of celebration. In the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, holiday is often used instead of the word vacation.

Global holidays[edit]

The celebration of the New Year has been a common holiday across cultures for at least four millennia.[3] Such holidays normally celebrate the last day of a year and the arrival of the next year in a calendar system. In modern cultures using the Gregorian calendar, the New Year’s celebration spans New Year’s Eve on 31 December and New Year’s Day on 1 January. However, other calendar systems also have New Year’s celebration, such as Chinese New Year and Vietnamese Tet.[4] New Year’s Day is the most common public holiday, observed by all countries using the Gregorian calendar except Israel.[5]

Christmas is a popular holiday globally due to the spread of Christianity. The holiday is recognsied as a public holiday in many countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Australasia and is celebrated by over 2 billion people.[6] Although a holiday with religious origins, Christmas is often celebrated by non-Christians as a secular holiday. For example, 61% of Brits celebrate Christmas in an entirely secular way.[7] Christmas has also become a tradition in some non-Christian countries. For example, for many Japanese people, it has become customary to buy and eat fried chicken on Christmas.[8][9]

Recently invented holidays commemorate a range of modern social and political issues and other important topics. The United Nations publishes a list of International Days and Weeks. One such day is International Women’s Day on 8 March, which celebrates women’s achievements and campaigns for gender equality and women’s rights.[10] Earth Day has been celebrated by people across the world since 1970, with 10,000 events in 2007. It is a holiday marking the dangers of environmental damage, such as pollution and the climate crisis.[11]

Common secular holidays[edit]

Other secular holidays are observed regionally, nationally and across multi-country regions. The United Nations Calendar of Observances[12] dedicates decades to a specific topic, but also a complete year, month, week and days. Holidays dedicated to an observance such as the commemoration of the ending of World War II, or the Shoah, can also be part of the reparation obligation as per UN General Assembly Resolution 60/147 Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law.[13]

Another example of a major secular holiday is the Lunar New Year, which is celebrated across East Asia and South East Asia. Many other days are marked to celebrate events or people, but are not strictly holidays as time off work is rarely given; examples include Arbor Day (originally U.S.), Labor Day (celebrated sometimes under different names and on different days in different countries), and Earth Day (22 April).

Public holidays[edit]

Substitute holidays[edit]

If a holiday coincides with another holiday or a weekend day a substitute holiday may be recognised in lieu. In the United Kingdom the government website states that «If a bank holiday is on a weekend, a ‘substitute’ weekday becomes a bank holiday, normally the following Monday.», and the list of bank holidays for the year 2020 includes Monday 28 December as «Boxing Day (substitute day)», as 26 December is a Saturday.[14] The process of moving a holiday from a weekend day to the following Monday is known as Mondayisation in New Zealand.[15]

National days[edit]

National days are days of significance to a nation or nation state. National days are typically celebratory of a state’s independence (e.g. 4 July in the US), founding or unification (e.g. German Unity Day), the commemoration of a revolution (e.g. Bastille Day in France) or liberation (e.g. 9 May in the Channel Islands), or the feast day for a patron saint (e.g. St Patrick’s Day in Ireland) or ruler (e.g. 5 December in Thailand). Every country other than Denmark and the United Kingdom observes a national day.[16] In the UK, constituent countries have official or unofficial national days associated with their patron saint. A British national day has often been proposed, such as the date of the Acts of Union 1707 (1 May) or the King’s Official Birthday, but never adopted.[17]

Other days of national importance exist, such as one to celebrate the country’s military or veterans. For example, Armistice Day (11 November) is recognised in World War I Allied nations (and across the Commonwealth) to memoralise those lost in the World Wars. National leaders will typically attend remembrance ceremonies at national memorial sites.

Religious holidays[edit]

Many holidays are linked to faiths and religions (see etymology above). Christian holidays are defined as part of the liturgical year, the chief ones being Easter and Christmas. The Orthodox Christian and Western-Roman Catholic patronal feast day or «name day» are celebrated in each place’s patron saint’s day, according to the Calendar of saints. Jehovah’s Witnesses annually commemorate «The Memorial of Jesus Christ’s Death», but do not celebrate other holidays with any religious significance such as Easter, Christmas or New Year. This holds especially true for those holidays that have combined and absorbed rituals, overtones or practices from non-Christian beliefs into the celebration, as well as those holidays that distract from or replace the worship of Jehovah.[18] In Islam, the largest holidays are Eid al-Fitr (immediately after Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (at the end of the Hajj). Ahmadi Muslims additionally celebrate Promised Messiah Day, Promised Reformer Day, and Khilafat Day, but contrary to popular belief, neither are regarded as holidays. Hindus, Jains and Sikhs observe several holidays, one of the largest being Diwali (Festival of Light). Japanese holidays as well as few Catholic holidays contain heavy references to several different faiths and beliefs. Celtic, Norse, and Neopagan holidays follow the order of the Wheel of the Year. For example, Christmas ideas like decorating trees and colors (green, red, and white) have very similar ideas to modern Wicca (a modern Pagan belief) Yule which is a lesser Sabbat of the wheel of the year. Some are closely linked to Swedish festivities. The Baháʼí Faith observes 11 annual holidays on dates determined using the Baháʼí calendar. Jews have two holiday seasons: the Spring Feasts of Pesach (Passover) and Shavuot (Weeks, called Pentecost in Greek); and the Fall Feasts of Rosh Hashanah (Head of the Year), Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), Sukkot (Tabernacles), and Shemini Atzeret (Eighth Day of Assembly).

Secularisation[edit]

Some religious holidays are also celebrated by many as secular holidays. For example, 61% of Brits celebrate Christmas in an entirely secular way.[7] 81% of non-Christian Americans also celebrate Christmas. A 2019 Gallup poll found that two-thirds of Americans still celebrate an at least somewhat religious Christmas.[19]

The claimed over-secularisation of particular holidays has caused controversy and claims of censorship of religion or political correctness. For example, in the 1990s, Birmingham City Council promoted a series of events in the Christmas season under the brand Winterval to create a more multi-cultural atmosphere about the seasonal festivities. The Bishop of Birmingham responded to the events, saying «the secular world, which expresses respect for all, is actually embarrassed by faith. Or perhaps it is Christianity which is censored».[20] In the United States, conservative commentators have characterised the secularisation of Winter festivities as «the War on Christmas».[21]

Unofficial holidays[edit]

These are holidays that are not traditionally marked on calendars. These holidays are celebrated by various groups and individuals. Some promote a cause, others recognize historical events not officially recognized, and others are «funny» holidays celebrated with humorous intent. For example, Monkey Day is celebrated on December 14, International Talk Like a Pirate Day is observed on September 19, and Blasphemy Day is held on September 30. Other examples are April Fools’ Day on April 1 and World No Tobacco Day on May 31. Various community organizers and marketers promote odd social media holidays.

Commercialism[edit]

In the United States, holidays have been drawn into a culture of consumption since the late 19th century. Many civic, religious and folk festivals have been commercialised. As such, traditions have been reshaped to serve the needs of industry. Leigh Eric Schmidt argues that the growth of consumption culture allowed the growth of holidays as an opportunity for increased public consumption and the orderly timing of it. Thus, after the Civil War, as department stores became the spatial expression of commercialism, holidays became the temporal expression of it.[1]

See also[edit]

  • Christmas and holiday season
  • Holiday heart syndrome
  • Public holiday
  • List of holidays by country
  • Commemoration (Anglicanism)
  • Tribute

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Schmidt, Leigh Eric (1991). «The Commercialization of the Calendar: American Holidays and the Culture of Consumption, 1870-1930». The Journal of American History. 78 (3): 887–916. doi:10.2307/2078795. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2078795.
  2. ^ «holiday – Origin and meaning of holiday by Online Etymology Dictionary». etymonline.com. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  3. ^ «New Year’s». HISTORY. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  4. ^ Crump, William D. (2014-04-25). Encyclopedia of New Year’s Holidays Worldwide. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-9545-0.
  5. ^ «New Year’s Day around the world in 2023». Office Holidays. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  6. ^ «Christmas Day around the world». Office Holidays Blog. 2022-12-19. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  7. ^ a b «How Britons celebrate Christmas and Easter | YouGov». yougov.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  8. ^ Kate Springer. «How KFC became a Christmas tradition in Japan». CNN. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  9. ^ Barton, Eric. «Why Japan celebrates Christmas with KFC». www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  10. ^ «International Women’s Day 2023 campaign theme: Embrace Equity». International Women’s Day. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  11. ^ «Earth Day Timeline». HISTORY. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  12. ^ «International Days». United Nations. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  13. ^ «Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law». December 16, 2005. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  14. ^ «UK bank holidays». gov.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  15. ^ Smith, Bridget; Oldfield, Tim (3 May 2013). «Happy holidays: the ‘Mondayisation’ of public holidays». SBM Legal. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  16. ^ Fisher, Max (26 February 2013). «A surprising map of the world’s national holidays (only two countries have no national day)». The Washington Post.
  17. ^ «Ministers proposing ‘Britain Day’«. BBC News. 2007-06-05. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
  18. ^ Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Reasoning from the Scriptures. Watchtower, 1985, pp. 176–182
  19. ^ «More Americans Celebrating a Secular Christmas». Gallup.com. 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  20. ^ «BBC News | UK | Winterval gets frosty reception». news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  21. ^ Keck, Kristi (18 December 2009). «Heated Debate Again over ‘War on Christmas’ Claims». CNN. Retrieved 25 December 2012.

External links[edit]

  • Holidays at Curlie
Источник

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English halyday, holyday, halidei, haliȝdei, from Old English hāliġdæġ (“holy day, Sabbath”), equivalent to holy +‎ day. Compare West Frisian hjeldei (“holiday”), Danish helligdag (“holiday”), Norwegian helligdag (“holiday”), Swedish helgdag (“holiday, feast”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/
  • (obsolete) IPA(key): /ˈhɒlɪdɪ/

Noun[edit]

holiday (plural holidays)

  1. A day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed.
    Synonyms: feast day, holy day

    Today is a Wiccan holiday!

    • 2005, Clinton, Bill, My Life‎[1], volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:

      Monday, January 18, was the holiday celebrating Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday. In the morning I held a reception for the diplomatic representatives of other nations in the inner quadrangle at Georgetown, addressing them from the steps of Old North Building.

  2. A day declared free from work by the state or government.
    Synonyms: (UK) bank holiday, national holiday
  3. (chiefly UK, Australia) A period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel; often plural.
    Synonyms: leave, time off, (US) vacation; see also Thesaurus:vacation

    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:

      No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.

    • 1949 August 11, “A Dreamer’s Holiday”, performed by Perry Como, The Fontaine Sisters, The Mitchell Ayres Orchestra:

      Climb aboard a butterfly and take off in the breeze. Let your worries flutter by and do the things you please. In the land where dollar bills are falling off the trees. On a dreamer’s holiday. […] Make it a long vacation. Time, there is plenty of. You need no reservation. Just bring along the one you love.

  4. (chiefly UK, Australia) A period during which pupils do not attend their school; often plural; rarely used for students at university (usually: vacation).
    Synonym: (US) vacation

    I want to take a French course this summer holiday.

  5. (finance) A period during which, by agreement, the usual payments are not made.

    a mortgage payment holiday

  6. A gap in coverage, e.g. of paint on a surface, or sonar imagery.[1]
    Synonym: lacuna

Derived terms[edit]

  • alcoholiday
  • all holiday
  • antiholiday
  • bank holiday
  • Bank Holiday
  • blind man’s holiday
  • blindman’s holiday
  • busman’s holiday
  • enjoy your holiday
  • go on holiday
  • half-holiday
  • hallmark holiday
  • Hallmark holiday
  • happy holidays
  • high days and holidays
  • High Holidays
  • Holiday
  • holiday camp
  • holiday fic
  • holiday heart syndrome
  • holiday home
  • holiday ownership
  • holiday package
  • holiday park
  • holiday pay
  • holiday season
  • holiday speeches
  • holiday tree
  • holiday-maker
  • holidayer
  • holidayfic
  • holidayism
  • holidaymaker
  • holidaymaking
  • legal holiday
  • national holiday
  • package holiday
  • public holiday
  • Roman holiday
  • statutory holiday
  • summer holiday
  • unholiday
  • winter holiday

Translations[edit]

day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed

  • Albanian: festë (sq) f
  • Arabic: عِيد‎ (ar) m (ʕīd)
  • Armenian: տոն (hy) (ton)
  • Aromanian: sãrbãtoari f
  • Avar: байрам (bajram)
  • Azerbaijani: bayram (az)
  • Bashkir: байрам (bayram), ғәйет (ğäyet)
  • Belarusian: свя́та n (svjáta), пра́знік m (práznik)
  • Bengali: ছুটির দিন (chuṭir din)
  • Bulgarian: пра́зник (bg) m (práznik)
  • Burmese: အလုပ်ပိတ်ရက် (my) (a.luppitrak)
  • Catalan: festa (ca) f
  • Chichewa: holide
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 節日／节日 (zh) (jiérì), 節慶／节庆 (zh) (jiéqìng)
  • Chukchi: праздник (prazdnik), эӈэӈыткун (ėṇėṇytkun), крычмын (kryčmyn)
  • Chuvash: уяв (ujav)
  • Crimean Tatar: bayram
  • Czech: svátek (cs) m
  • Danish: helligdag (da) c
  • Dutch: feestdag (nl) m
  • Esperanto: festotago
  • Estonian: püha
  • Finnish: juhlapäivä (fi), pyhäpäivä (fi)
  • French: fête (fr) f
  • Galician: festa (gl) f, día santo m, día festivo m
  • Georgian: დღესასწაული (dɣesasc̣auli)
  • German: Feiertag (de) m
  • Greek: γιορτή (el) f (giortí)
    Ancient: ἑορτή f (heortḗ)
  • Hebrew: חג חַג‎ (he) m (khag), יום טוב‎ (he) m (yóm ṭóv)
  • Hindi: छुट्टी (hi) f (chuṭṭī), ईद (hi) f (īd) (Muslim)
  • Hungarian: ünnepnap (hu)
  • Icelandic: helgidagur (is) m
  • Indonesian: liburan (id)
  • Irish: lá saoire m
  • Italian: giorno festivo m
  • Japanese: 祭日 (ja) (さいじつ, saijitsu), 祭り (ja) (まつり, matsuri)
  • Kazakh: мейрам (meiram), айт (ait)
  • Khmer: ថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាក (thngay chup sɑmraak), បុណ្យ (km) (bon), ថ្ងៃឈប់បុណ្យ (thngay chup bon)
  • Korean: 축제일(祝祭日) (ko) (chukjeil), 축일(祝日) (ko) (chugil)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: جەژن‎ (ckb) (cejn), عه‌ید‎ (‘eyd)
    Northern Kurdish: eyd (ku)
  • Kyrgyz: майрам (ky) (mayram), айт (ky) (ayt)
  • Lao: ມື້ພັກ (lo) (mư̄ phak)
  • Latin: diēs fēstus m, fēria f, fēstum n
  • Macedonian: празник m (praznik)
  • Malay: hari perayaan
  • Maltese: jum il-festa
  • Manx: feaill f, feailley f
  • Maori: hararei
  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic: баяр (mn) (bajar)
  • Mòcheno: fest n
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: helligdag m, helgedag m, høytidsdag m, høgtidsdag m
    Nynorsk: heilagdag m, helgedag m, høgtidsdag m
  • Old Church Slavonic:
    Cyrillic: праздьникъ m (prazdĭnikŭ)
  • Pashto: عيد‎ (ps) m (id)
  • Persian: عید‎ (fa) (‘eyd)
  • Plautdietsch: Heljedach m
  • Polish: święto (pl) n
  • Portuguese: feriado (pt) m
  • Romanian: sărbătoare (ro) f
  • Russian: пра́здник (ru) m (prázdnik)
  • Scottish Gaelic: latha-fèille m
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: пра̑знӣк m, свѐтковина f
    Roman: prȃznīk (sh) m, svètkovina (sh) f
  • Shor: пайрам (payram)
  • Slovak: sviatok m
  • Slovene: praznik (sl) m
  • Spanish: festividad (es) f, fiesta (es) f
  • Swahili: likizo (sw)
  • Swedish: högtid (sv) c
  • Tajik: ид (tg) (id)
  • Tatar: бәйрәм (tt) (bäyräm)
  • Telugu: సెలవు (te) (selavu)
  • Thai: วันหยุด (th) (wan-yùt)
  • Turkish: bayram (tr)
  • Turkmen: baýramçylyk (tk), baýram (tk)
  • Ukrainian: свя́то n (svjáto), пра́зник (uk) m (práznyk)
  • Urdu: عید‎ f (‘īd), چهٿی‎ f (chuṭṭī)
  • Uyghur: بايرام‎ (bayram)
  • Uzbek: bayram (uz)
  • Vietnamese: ngày lễ (vi)

day declared free from work by the government

  • Arabic: عُطْل‎ m (ʕuṭl), عُطْلَة‎ f (ʕuṭla)
    Gulf Arabic: عطلة‎ (ʿɛṭlə), يوم راحة‎ (yom raḥə)
  • Armenian: տոն (hy) (ton)
  • Bashkir: байрам көнө (bayram könö), ял көнө (yal könö)
  • Basque: jaiegun
  • Belarusian: свя́та n (svjáta), выхадны́ дзень m (vyxadný dzjenʹ), выхадны́ m (vyxadný)
  • Bulgarian: пра́зник (bg) m (práznik)
  • Catalan: dia de festa m, dia feriat m
  • Chichewa: holide
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 假日 (zh) (jiàrì), 休息日 (zh) (xiūxirì)
  • Czech: svátek (cs) m
  • Danish: helligdag (da) c, fridag (da) c
  • Dutch: feestdag (nl) m
  • Finnish: yleinen vapaapäivä
  • French: jour férié (fr) m, jour de congé (fr) m
  • Galician: día festivo m
  • German: gesetzlicher Feiertag m, Ruhetag (de) m
  • Greek: αργία (el) f (argía)
  • Hindi: छुट्टी (hi) f (chuṭṭī), तातील (hi) f (tātīl), छुट्टी का दिन m (chuṭṭī kā din)
  • Hungarian: szünnap (hu), szabadnap (hu)
  • Indonesian: liburan (id)
  • Irish: lá saoire m
  • Italian: giorno festivo m
  • Japanese: 休日 (ja) (きゅうじつ, kyūjitsu), 休暇 (ja) (きゅうか, kyūka)
  • Kazakh: мереке (kk) (mereke)
  • Korean: 휴일(休日) (ko) (hyuil)
  • Lao: ມື້ພັກງານ (mư̄ phak ngān)
  • Latin: fēriae f pl, fēstum n
  • Macedonian: празник m (praznik), неработен ден m (neraboten den)
  • Malay: cuti (ms)
  • Malayalam: അവധി (ml) (avadhi)
  • Maltese: btala, franka
  • Maori: hararei
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: helligdag m
    Nynorsk: heilagdag m
  • Persian: تعطیل‎ (fa) (ta’til), هالیدی‎ (hâlidey) (informal)
  • Polish: święto (pl) n
  • Portuguese: feriado (pt) m
  • Russian: пра́здник (ru) m (prázdnik), выходно́й день m (vyxodnój denʹ), выходно́й (ru) m (vyxodnój)
  • Scottish Gaelic: latha-fèille m
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: пра̑знӣк m
    Roman: prȃznīk (sh) m
  • Slovak: sviatok m
  • Slovene: praznik (sl) m
  • Spanish: día festivo m (Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Guatemala, Nicaragua), feriado (es) m (Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Peru, Uruguay), día feriado m (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Venezuela); día de fiesta m (Cuba)
  • Swahili: likizo (sw)
  • Swedish: helgdag (sv) c
  • Thai: วันหยุด (th) (wan-yùt)
  • Tibetan: གུང་གསེང (gung gseng)
  • Turkish: tatil (tr)
  • Ukrainian: свя́то n (svjáto), вихідни́й день m (vyxidnýj denʹ), вихідни́й m (vyxidnýj)
  • Urdu: تعطیل‎ (ta’tīl), چھٹی‎ f (chuṭṭī)
  • Vietnamese: nghỉ lễ

period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel

  • Albanian: festë (sq) f, pushim (sq) m
  • Arabic: إِجَازَة‎ f (ʔijāza), عُطْلَة‎ f (ʕuṭla)
  • Armenian: արձակուրդ (hy) (arjakurd)
  • Azerbaijani: tətil (az)
  • Bashkir: ял (yal)
  • Belarusian: во́дпуск m (vódpusk)
  • Bulgarian: о́тпуска (bg) f (ótpuska), о́тпуск (bg) m (ótpusk)
  • Catalan: vacances (ca) f pl
  • Chichewa: holide
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 假日 (zh) (jiàrì), 休假日 (xiūjiàrì), 假期 (zh) (jiàqī)
  • Czech: dovolená (cs) f
  • Danish: ferie (da) c
  • Dutch: vakantie (nl) f
  • Esperanto: libertempo
  • Estonian: puhkust
  • Finnish: loma (fi), lomapäivä (fi), vapaapäivä (fi)
  • French: congé (fr) m, vacances (fr) f pl
  • Galician: vacacións f pl
  • German: Urlaub (de) m, Ferien (de) pl
  • Greek: διακοπές (el) f or pl (diakopés)
  • Hebrew: חופשה חֻפְשָׁה‎ (he) f (khufshá)
  • Hindi: छुट्टी (hi) f (chuṭṭī), तातील (hi) f (tātīl), छुट्टी का दिन m (chuṭṭī kā din)
  • Hungarian: szabadság (hu)
  • Irish: saoire f
  • Italian: vacanza (it) f, ferie (it) f pl
  • Japanese: 休暇 (ja) (きゅうか, kyūka), 休日 (ja) (きゅうじつ, kyūjitsu)
  • Kazakh: демалыс (kk) (demalys)
  • Khmer: ថ្ងៃលំហែ (thngay lumhae), ល្ហែ (km) (lhae), រហែ (km) (rɔhae)
  • Korean: 휴가(休暇) (ko) (hyuga)
  • Kyrgyz: дем алыш (ky) (dem alış), отпуск (ky) (otpusk)
  • Latin: cessātiō f, fēriae f pl
  • Latvian: atvaļinājums m
  • Lithuanian: atostogos (lt) f pl
  • Macedonian: одмор m (odmor)
  • Malay: cuti (ms)
  • Maltese: vaganza
  • Maori: hararei
  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic: амралт (mn) (amralt)
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: ferie (no) m
    Nynorsk: ferie m
  • Pashto: تعطيل‎ (ps) m (ta’tíl)
  • Persian: تعطیل‎ (fa) (ta’til)
  • Polish: urlop (pl) m
  • Portuguese: férias (pt) f pl
  • Romanian: vacanţă (ro) f
  • Russian: о́тпуск (ru) m (ótpusk), отгу́л (ru) m (otgúl) (unpaid)
  • Scottish Gaelic: saor-làithean m pl, làithean-saora m pl, saor-latha m
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: о̀дмор m
    Roman: òdmor (sh) m
  • Slovak: dovolená (sk) f
  • Slovene: dopust m
  • Spanish: vacación f, vacaciones (es) f pl
  • Swahili: likizo (sw)
  • Swedish: semester (sv) c
  • Tajik: таътил (tg) (taʾtil), отпуска (otpuska)
  • Turkish: tatil (tr)
  • Turkmen: dynç alyş
  • Ukrainian: відпу́стка f (vidpústka)
  • Urdu: تعطیل‎ (ta’tīl), چھٹی‎ f (chuṭṭī)
  • Uyghur: تەتىل‎ (tetil)
  • Uzbek: otpuska (uz), taʼtil (uz)
  • Vietnamese: nghỉ phép (vi)

period during which pupils do not attend school

  • Azerbaijani: tətil (az)
  • Belarusian: кані́кулы f pl (kaníkuly), вака́цыя f (vakácyja)
  • Bulgarian: вака́нция (bg) f (vakáncija)
  • Catalan: vacances (ca) f pl
  • Chichewa: holide
  • Chinese:
    Mandarin: 假期 (zh) (jiàqī, jiàqí)
  • Czech: prázdniny (cs) f pl
  • Danish: ferie (da) c
  • Dutch: vakantie (nl)
  • Esperanto: (lernejaj) ferioj (eo)
  • Estonian: vaheaeg, koolivaheaeg
  • Finnish: loma (fi)
  • French: vacances (fr) f pl
  • Galician: vacacións f pl
  • German: Ferien (de) pl, Urlaub (de) m
  • Greek: διακοπές (el) f or pl (diakopés)
  • Hungarian: szünet (hu), vakáció (hu) (summer only)
  • Irish: laethanta saoire m pl
  • Italian: vacanza (it) f
  • Kazakh: демалыс (kk) (demalys)
  • Korean: 방학(放學) (ko) (banghak)
  • Latin: fēriae f pl, cessātiō f
  • Latvian: brīvdienas f pl
  • Macedonian: распуст m (raspust)
  • Malagasy: fialantsasatra, fialantsasatra
  • Malayalam: അവധിക്കാലം (avadhikkālaṃ)
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: ferie (no) m
    Nynorsk: ferie m
  • Persian: تعطیل‎ (fa) (ta’til), تعطیلات‎ pl (ta’tilât)
  • Polish: wakacje (pl) pl, ferie (pl) f pl (winter holidays)
  • Portuguese: férias (pt)
  • Russian: кани́кулы (ru) f pl (kaníkuly)
  • Scottish Gaelic: saor-làithean m pl, làithean-saora m pl
  • Swahili: likizo (sw)
  • Swedish: lov (sv) n
  • Tajik: таътил (tg) (taʾtil)
  • Turkish: tatil (tr)
  • Turkmen: kanikul
  • Ukrainian: кані́кули f pl (kaníkuly)
  • Uzbek: kanikul (uz), tatil (uz)

finance: period during which, by agreement, the usual payments are not made

  • Hungarian: haladék (hu)

unintentional gap in coverage, e.g. of paint on a surface, or sonar imagery — See also translations at lacuna

Verb[edit]

holiday (third-person singular simple present holidays, present participle holidaying, simple past and past participle holidayed) (chiefly Britain)

  1. (intransitive) To take a period of time away from work or study.
  2. (Britain, intransitive) To spend a period of time in recreational travel.

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “holiday”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams[edit]

  • hyaloid, hyoidal

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

holiday

  1. Alternative form of halyday
Источник

Other forms: holidays; holidaying; holidayed

A holiday celebrates a person, anniversary, religious belief or other occasion. You might observe the Indian holiday of Holi, and take a week off of work to celebrate with your family.

A holiday is an occasion recognized by the state or federal government and marked on calendars, like Thanksgiving in the United States. Most holidays are celebratory and fun, and just about all of them mean no work or school. You can also take a holiday, or vacation. Holiday comes from «holy» and «day,» meaning a religious festival, and the word was even pronounced that way until the sixteenth century.

Definitions of holiday

  1. noun

    leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

    “we took a short
    holiday in Puerto Rico”

    synonyms:

    vacation

  2. noun

    a day on which work is suspended by law or custom

    “no mail is delivered on federal
    holidays”

    see moresee less

    types:

    show 33 types…
    hide 33 types…
    half-holiday

    a day on which half is free from work or duty

    feast day, fete day

    a day designated for feasting

    holy day, religious holiday

    a day specified for religious observance

    Christmas Eve, Dec 24

    the day before Christmas

    legal holiday, national holiday, public holiday

    authorized by law and limiting work or official business

    Poppy Day, Remembrance Day, Remembrance Sunday

    the Sunday nearest to November 11 when those who died in World War I and World War II are commemorated

    Ramanavami

    Hindu lunar holiday (on the 9th day of Caitra) to celebrate the birth of Rama

    Mesasamkranti

    Hindu solar holiday at the beginning of the new astrological year when the sun enters the constellation Aries

    fast day

    a day designated for fasting

    January 1, New Year’s, New Year’s Day

    the first day of the year

    Martin Luther King Day, Martin Luther King Jr’s Birthday

    observed on the Monday closest to January 15

    Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashana, Rosh Hashanah, Rosh Hashona, Rosh Hashonah

    (Judaism) a solemn Jewish feast day celebrated on the 1st or 1st and 2nd of Tishri; noted for the blowing of the shofar

    Christian holy day

    a religious holiday for Christians

    Jewish holy day

    a religious holiday for Jews

    movable feast, moveable feast

    a religious holiday that falls on different dates in different years

    Presidents’ Day

    the third Monday in February; commemorates both presidents Lincoln and Washington

    Decoration Day, Memorial Day

    legal holiday in the United States, last Monday in May; commemorates the members of the United States armed forces who were killed in war

    Fourth of July, Independence Day, July 4

    a legal holiday in the United States

    Labor Day

    first Monday in September in the United States and Canada

    Columbus Day, Discovery Day, October 12

    a legal holiday commemorating the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus

    Circumcision, Feast of the Circumcision, January 1

    (Roman Catholic Church and Anglican Church) feast day celebrating the circumcision of Jesus; celebrated on January 1st

    Dormition, Feast of Dormition

    celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Virgin Mary’s being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Assumption in the Roman Catholic Church and is also celebrated on August 15th

    Christmas, Christmas Day, Dec 25, Xmas

    a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland

    Boxing Day

    first weekday after Christmas

    bank holiday

    any of several weekdays when banks are closed; a legal holiday in Britain

    Commonwealth Day, Empire day, May 24

    British, anniversary of Queen Victoria’s birth

    Dominion Day, July 1

    a legal holiday in Canada commemorating receiving Dominion status in 1867

    14 July, Bastille Day

    a legal holiday in France celebrating the storming of the Paris bastille in 1789

    Armistice Day, November 11, Veterans Day, Veterans’ Day

    a legal holiday in the United States; formerly Armistice Day but called Veterans’ Day since 1954

    Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving Day

    fourth Thursday in November in the United States; second Monday in October in Canada; commemorates a feast held in 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag

    Victoria Day

    a public holiday in Canada on the Monday on or before May 24th

    Id al-Fitr

    a Muslim day of feasting at the end of Ramadan

    Feast of Sacrifice, Id al-Adha

    the 10th day of Dhu’l-Hijja; all Muslims attend a service in the mosques and those who are not pilgrims perform a ritual slaughter of a sheep (commemorating God’s ransom of Abraham’s son from sacrifice) and give at least a third of the meat to charity

    type of:

    day

    a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance

  3. verb

    spend or take a vacation

DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘holiday’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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Источник

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Halloween is fun, but it wasn’t always my favorite holiday. I think Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday.

Tobin Bell

section

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD HOLIDAY

Old English hāligdæg, literally: holy day.

info

Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.

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PRONUNCIATION OF HOLIDAY

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF HOLIDAY

Holiday is a verb and can also act as a noun.

A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

The verb is the part of the sentence that is conjugated and expresses action and state of being.

See the conjugation of the verb holiday in English.

WHAT DOES HOLIDAY MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Holiday

A holiday is a day set aside by custom or by law on which normal activities, especially business or work, are suspended or reduced. Generally, holidays are intended to allow individuals to celebrate or commemorate an event or tradition of cultural or religious significance. Holidays may be designated by governments, religious institutions, or other groups or organizations. The degree to which normal activities are reduced by a holiday may depend on local laws, customs, the type of job being held or even personal choices. The concept of holidays has most often originated in connection with religious observances. The intention of a holiday was typically to allow individuals to tend to religious duties associated with important dates on the calendar. In most modern societies, however, holidays serve as much of a recreational function as any other weekend days or activities. In many societies there are important distinctions between holidays designated by governments and holidays designated by religious institutions.


Definition of holiday in the English dictionary

The first definition of holiday in the dictionary is a period in which a break is taken from work or studies for rest, travel, or recreation US and Canadian word: vacation. Other definition of holiday is a day on which work is suspended by law or custom, such as a religious festival, bank holiday, etc related adjective ferial. Holiday is also to spend a holiday.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO HOLIDAY

PRESENT

Present

I holiday

you holiday

he/she/it holidays

we holiday

you holiday

they holiday

Present continuous

I am holidaying

you are holidaying

he/she/it is holidaying

we are holidaying

you are holidaying

they are holidaying

Present perfect

I have holidayed

you have holidayed

he/she/it has holidayed

we have holidayed

you have holidayed

they have holidayed

Present perfect continuous

I have been holidaying

you have been holidaying

he/she/it has been holidaying

we have been holidaying

you have been holidaying

they have been holidaying

Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.

PAST

Past

I holidayed

you holidayed

he/she/it holidayed

we holidayed

you holidayed

they holidayed

Past continuous

I was holidaying

you were holidaying

he/she/it was holidaying

we were holidaying

you were holidaying

they were holidaying

Past perfect

I had holidayed

you had holidayed

he/she/it had holidayed

we had holidayed

you had holidayed

they had holidayed

Past perfect continuous

I had been holidaying

you had been holidaying

he/she/it had been holidaying

we had been holidaying

you had been holidaying

they had been holidaying

Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,

FUTURE

Future

I will holiday

you will holiday

he/she/it will holiday

we will holiday

you will holiday

they will holiday

Future continuous

I will be holidaying

you will be holidaying

he/she/it will be holidaying

we will be holidaying

you will be holidaying

they will be holidaying

Future perfect

I will have holidayed

you will have holidayed

he/she/it will have holidayed

we will have holidayed

you will have holidayed

they will have holidayed

Future perfect continuous

I will have been holidaying

you will have been holidaying

he/she/it will have been holidaying

we will have been holidaying

you will have been holidaying

they will have been holidaying

The future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.

CONDITIONAL

Conditional

I would holiday

you would holiday

he/she/it would holiday

we would holiday

you would holiday

they would holiday

Conditional continuous

I would be holidaying

you would be holidaying

he/she/it would be holidaying

we would be holidaying

you would be holidaying

they would be holidaying

Conditional perfect

I would have holiday

you would have holiday

he/she/it would have holiday

we would have holiday

you would have holiday

they would have holiday

Conditional perfect continuous

I would have been holidaying

you would have been holidaying

he/she/it would have been holidaying

we would have been holidaying

you would have been holidaying

they would have been holidaying

Conditional or «future-in-the-past» tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.

IMPERATIVE

Imperative

you holiday
we let´s holiday
you holiday

The imperative is used to form commands or requests.

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

Past participle

holidayed

Present Participle

holidaying

Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The past participle shows the action after completion.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH HOLIDAY

Synonyms and antonyms of holiday in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS OF «HOLIDAY»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «holiday» and belong to the same grammatical category.

Translation of «holiday» into 25 languages

online translator

TRANSLATION OF HOLIDAY

Find out the translation of holiday to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of holiday from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «holiday» in English.

Translator English — Chinese


假日

1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English — Spanish


vacaciones

570 millions of speakers

English


holiday

510 millions of speakers

Translator English — Hindi


छुट्टी

380 millions of speakers

Translator English — Arabic


عُطْلَة

280 millions of speakers

Translator English — Russian


отдых

278 millions of speakers

Translator English — Portuguese


férias

270 millions of speakers

Translator English — Bengali


ছুটির দিন

260 millions of speakers

Translator English — French


vacances

220 millions of speakers

Translator English — Malay


Percutian

190 millions of speakers

Translator English — German


Urlaub

180 millions of speakers

Translator English — Japanese


休暇

130 millions of speakers

Translator English — Korean


휴일

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Javanese


Liburan

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Vietnamese


ngày nghỉ

80 millions of speakers

Translator English — Tamil


விடுமுறை

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Marathi


सुट्टी

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Turkish


tatil

70 millions of speakers

Translator English — Italian


vacanza

65 millions of speakers

Translator English — Polish


urlop

50 millions of speakers

Translator English — Ukrainian


канікули

40 millions of speakers

Translator English — Romanian


vacanță

30 millions of speakers

Translator English — Greek


διακοπές

15 millions of speakers

Translator English — Afrikaans


vakansie

14 millions of speakers

Translator English — Swedish


semester

10 millions of speakers

Translator English — Norwegian


ferie

5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of holiday

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «HOLIDAY»

The term «holiday» is very widely used and occupies the 431 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Trends

FREQUENCY

Very widely used

The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «holiday» in the different countries.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of holiday

List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «holiday».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «HOLIDAY» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «holiday» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «holiday» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about holiday

10 QUOTES WITH «HOLIDAY»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word holiday.

What you do on travel holiday is what your memories are based on. People want to do cool stuff, and this is what will shape your entire experience.

A typical Seville shop reaches far along the street front, with many open doors, and a counter running the full length. Here ladies sit in pairs and groups, never singly, to cheapen fans and mantillas, while the smiling salesmen, cigarette in hand, shrug and gesticulate and give back banter for banter as gayly as if it were all a holiday frolic.

Some people think that going on a caravan holiday is a slightly more upscale version of camping. Let me assure you, it is much better than that. You know that you will have your creature comforts wherever you are. I never have to pack light, and I can put the kettle on in any location.

Halloween is fun, but it wasn’t always my favorite holiday. I think Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday.

My father was in the civil service. I can remember standing in a bus shelter in the pouring rain, and that we were allowed candy floss at the end of the holiday if we had behaved.

It’s very hard to respect people on holiday — everybody looks so silly at the beach, it makes you hate humanity — but when you see people at their work they elicit respect, whether it’s a mechanic, a stonemason or an accountant.

My mother is the sort of woman who not only can raise a chicken and roast it to moist perfection but, as she proved to my openmouthed sister and me on a family holiday to Morocco when we were very young, can barter for one in a market, kill it, pluck it, and then cook it to perfection.

I grew up in a city, I’m a city person — I go on holiday and I’m bored.

There’s something about a holiday that isn’t all about how much money you spend.

Over the Thanksgiving holiday I took time to reflect on what is most important to me and realized I need to find a way to put the fun back into racing.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «HOLIDAY»

Discover the use of holiday in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to holiday and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

Holiday is a book of poems chiseled into both public and private calendar markers, where the unfinished self seeks, desperately and defiantly, resolution through either completion or negation.

The events of this novel take place on a single day in the southern town of Nazareth, a day so punishingly hot that Virginia Hade gives her father’s black workers a holiday from work at the request of the black overseer, John Cloud.

This is an extremely subtle story, a consummate portrait of English provincial life told with all Stanley Middleton’s artistry and depth of feeling. It was joint winner of the Booker Prize in 1974.

The tales in this magnificent collection celebrate the holidays in 19th-century New York City and features stories by Judith McNaught, Jude Devereaux, Jill Barnett, and Arnette Lamb. Reissue.

Jude Deveraux, Judith McNaught, Arnette Lamb, 2005

5

Trust Me, I’m Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator

Because I’m tired of a world where blogs take indirect bribes, marketers help write the news, reckless journalists spread lies, and no one is accountable for any of it. I’m going to explain exactly how the media really works.

6

Busman’s Holiday: (three-act Play)

«Provocative drama about a young and idealistic newspaperman who tried to buck the Marcos-controlled media and is brutally murdered».

This is the story of Palm Springs in its golden years, a city that had it all, including marvelous midcentury Modern architecture, fabulous fly-in hotels, and a swinging nightlife.

This graph art activity book is a compilation of holiday pictures which are designed to fit graph paper squares. The child colors in the squares on graph paper according to the direction sheet, and a mystery picture appears.

9

Billie Holiday: A Biography

Presents a biography of the African American woman who, despite a turbulent life, became one of the most famous singers in the history of jazz.

10

On Holiday: A History of Vacationing

Beginning his cultural journey among some 18th-century pioneers of tourism, Lofgren takes us on a tour of the Western holiday world and shows how two centuries of «learning to be a tourist» have shaped our own ways of vacationing.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «HOLIDAY»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term holiday is used in the context of the following news items.

Women find holiday planning and travel more stressful than male …

Revealed: Women find holiday planning and travel to be far more stressful than their male partners (and why it’s all down to a perceived lack of … «Daily Mail, Jul 15»

Holiday complaints: what to do when travel goes wrong — Telegraph

I also assume that you don’t need any help in having a good time. It’s when things go wrong that they risk ruining your holiday. So here is our … «Telegraph.co.uk, Jul 15»

‘I doubted my Turkish holiday romance would last but even incurable …

Kelly O’Neil had read all the stories in magazines – heartbroken British women who’d gone on holiday, fallen in love with a local only for it to … «Mirror.co.uk, Jul 15»

Amazon Prime Day: The Logic Behind A Retailer’s Made-Up Holiday …

Amazon is not the first to try launching its own shopping holiday. Chinese e-commerce behemoth Alibaba manufactured its own event in 2009 … «Forbes, Jul 15»

Feeling the heat, Iraq declares Thursday a holiday — Al Arabiya News

The announcement effectively brings forward a public holiday at the end of Ramadan. The Eid al-Fitr holiday is due to start by Saturday, and … «Al-Arabiya, Jul 15»

Louise Redknapp shares holiday picture from Palma with Jamie and …

Louise, 40, and the boys showed off their holiday glow by Day 4 when they huddled in for a cute group shot after dinner in one Balearic Islands … «Daily Mail, Jul 15»

Welcome To Marketing Land’s Holiday Retailer, 2015 Edition!

Marketing Land reporters and expert contributors will once again help e-commerce marketers make the absolute most of the crucial holiday … «Marketing Land, Jul 15»

How to Be an MP is UK politicians’ top holiday reading — The Guardian

Advising on everything from “how to sympathise” with constituents to “how to stay married”, Paul Flynn’s practical guide, How to Be an MP, … «The Guardian, Jul 15»

Looking for holiday romance? Head to Seattle for the best-looking …

The best things to do on holiday (and there isn’t a sunbed in sight) · Is THIS the world’s best hotel? … Save up to 85% on phone calls on holiday … «Daily Mail, Jul 15»

State parks draw record holiday weekend crowds — Kare 11

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Minnesota state parks drew record crowds on the Fourth of July holiday weekend, and park officials say there are still … «KARE, Jul 15»

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Holiday [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/holiday>. Apr 2023 ».

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Discover all that is hidden in the words on educalingo

Источник

: on holidays repeatedly : on any holiday

Word History

First Known Use

circa 1961, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler

The first known use of holidays was
circa 1961

Dictionary Entries Near holidays

Cite this Entry

“Holidays.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/holidays. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.

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Merriam-Webster unabridged

Источник

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