Hobbies sport and games word formation

allow

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quizlette4000283Teacher

Terms in this set (45)

allow

позволять, разрешать

disallow

запрещать, не позволять

allowance

позволение, разрешение, денежное пособие

allowable

допустимый, дозволенный, приемлемый

associate

объединять, соединять

disassociate

разъединять

association

объединение, общество, союз

(un)associated

связанный, объединенный (несвязанный, разъединённый)

compete

состязаться. соревноваться

competition

состязание, соревнование

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Вокабулярий
к теме №4 учебного пособия издательства Macmillan «Exam Skills for Russia.
Grammar and Vocabulary», Malcolm
Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles

Unit 4

Hobbies, sport and games

1.	a pitch	спортивное поле
2.	a track	1. беговая дорожка 2. велосипедный трек, мототрек
3.	a court	1. баскетбольная площадка 2. теннисный корт
4.	a course	1. скаковой круг 2. площадка для гольфа
5.	a ring	ринг
6.	a rink (at the ice rink)	каток (на катке)
7.	a spectator	зритель (на представлении, спортивном состязании)
8.	a viewer	телезритель
9.	an umpire	судья в теннисе, бейсболе, крикете
10.	final	финал спортивной игры, состязания
11.	finale	финал театрального представления
12.	a bat	1. бита (в крикете, бейсболе) 2. ракетка  в настольном теннисе)
13.	a stick	клюшка
14.	a rod	удочка
15.	a racket	ракетка в теннисе
16.	end	окончание, конец ч-л
17.	ending	конец книги, спектакля, фильма
18.	books, films, plays with a happy ending	книги, фильмы,  спектакли со счастливым концом
19.	amateur	любительский
20.	interval	перерыв, антракт (в спектакле, концерте)
21.	half time	перерыв между таймами
22.	to draw (1:1)	cыграть вничью (1:1)
23.	to equal	сравнять счёт
24.	a competitor	участник состязаний, конкурсант, конкурент
25.	an opponent	противник в споре, на выборах
26.	to bring forward	переносить на более раннее число
27.	The meeting has been brought forward to the 7th (by the week)	Собрание перенесли на седьмое число (на неделю вперёд).
28.	to carry on	продолжать
29.	Carry on painting the wall, please.	Пожалуйста, продолжай красить стену.
30.	to get round to	приниматься, приступать
31.	When will you get round to fixing the bathroom door?	Когда же ты приступишь к починке двери в ванную?
32.	to get up to	заниматься тем, чем не следует
33.	My brother and I used to get up to lots of things our parents didn’t know.	Мой брат и я когда-то делали много такого, о чём наши родители не знали.
34.	to go off	стать равнодушным, разлюбить
35.	I’ve gone off coffee.	Я стал равнодушен к кофе.
36.	to join in smth	присоединиться, принять участие в ч-л
37.	We joined in the game.	Мы тоже стали играть.
38.	to knock out smb	свалить с ног, нокаутировать
39.	He was knocked out by the blow.	От удара он упал на землю.
40.	Look out! It’s slippery.	Осторожно! Скользко.
41.	to pull out	отказаться от участия, выйти из игры
42.	He pulled out of the deal at the last moment.	Он вышел из игры в последний момент.
43.	to put up with smth	примириться с ч-л, терпеть ч-л
44.	How do you put up with this noise?	Как вы терпите такой шум?
45.	to take to smth	пристраститься к ч-л, приобрести привычку
46.	He has taken to drink.	Он пристрастился к выпивке.
47.	to put off smth	отложить ч-л по времени
48.	We have to put off our meeting till Friday.	Мы вынуждены отложить собрание до пятницы.
49.	to take up smth	заняться ч-л в качестве хобби
50.	He has taken up photography as a hobby.	Он занялся фотографией.
51.	to make the best of smth	использовать наилучшим образом ч-л
52.	If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have.	Если не можешь заиметь лучшее, используй наилучшим образом то, что имеешь.
53.	It’s the chance of a lifetime.	Такой случай выпадает раз в жизни.
54.	to take a chance on smth	рисковать
55.	We took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.	Мы решили устроить пикник на природе, рассчитывая на хорошую погоду.
56.	to have a go	сделать попытку
57.	Let me have another go.	Дайте мне ещё раз попытаться.
58.	It’s your go now.	Теперь очередь за тобой (твоя очередь).
59.	in height	ростом
60.	He is over 6 feet in height.	Он выше 6 футов ростом.
61.	to be afraid of heights	бояться высоты
62.	the height of smth	разгар ч-л; вершина ч-л
63.	at the height of summer	в разгар лета
64.	He is at the height of his fame.	Он был на вершине славы.
65.	to take pleasure in doing smth	получать удовольствие от ч-л
66.	He takes no pleasure in his work.	Он не получает удовольствия от работы.
67.	to be on the winning/losing side	выигрывать/проигрывать
68.	We were on the losing/winning side.	Мы проигрывали/выигрывали.
69.	a side / a sports team	спорт; команда
70.	The French have a very strong side.	У французов сильная команда.
71.	to have a talent for smth/doing smth	иметь талант к ч-л
72.	He has a talent for music/drawing.	У него талант к музыке/рисованию.
73.	to be on time	приходить вовремя, минута в минуту
74.	to be in time	приходить вовремя, без опозданий
75.	What do you do in your spare/free/leisure time?	Чем ты занимаешься в свободное время?
76.	It’s about / high time you cleaned the room.	Тебе давно пора убрать в комнате.
77.	at a certain time	в определённое время
78.	Take your time!	Не торопись!
79.	We were only just in time for the concert.	Мы еле-еле успели на концерт.
80.	for the time being	на некоторое время
81.	You can leave your suitcase here for the time being.	Вы можете на некоторое время оставить здесь чемодан.
82.	to concentrate on smth/doing smth	сконцентрироваться на ч-л/выполнении ч-л
83.	You are free to decide.	Вы вольны решать.
84.	to be involved in smth/doing smth	быть вовлечённым во ч-л; участвовать в ч-л
85.	to make sure/certain that	убедиться в том, что…..
86.	to roll the dice	бросать кости (в игре)
87.	to sprain one’s ankle	растянуть лодыжку
88.	a cue	кий
89.	snooker	вид бильярда
90.	Time passes and…..	Время проходит и ….
91.	a coach	тренер
92.	to fancy	хотеть, нравиться
93.	Do you fancy a cup of coffee/going out tonight?	Ты хочешь чашку кофе/куда-нибудь пойти?
94.	to get through to the final	дойти до финала
95.	I can’t stand being kept waiting.	Терпеть не могу, когда меня заставляют ждать.
96.	to sort out smth	разбирать, приводить в порядок
97.	to side with smb	примкнуть к к-л, быть на чьей-либо стороне
98.	to play in goal	играть/ стоять на воротах
99.	to compete with/against smb	соревноваться с к-л
100.	rather than	а не…..
101.	I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.	Я лучше возьму выпить что-нибудь холодное, а не кофе.
102.	the whole time = all the time	всё время
103.	to juggle	жонглировать
104.	a sequel	продолжение (книги)
105.	I can’t wait for the sequel.	Я не могу дождаться продолжения.
106.	to stand for / to mean	значить, обозначать
107.	The USA stands for the United States of America.	США значит Соединённые Штаты Америки.
108.	to cheat	мошенничать, обманывать
109.	martial arts	боевые искусства
110.	to get used to smth/doing smth	привыкнуть к ч-л
111.	hang-gliding	дельтапланеризм
112.	to do a push up/press up	сделать отжимание на руках
113.	My homework takes up a lot of time.	Моя домашняя работа отнимает много времени.
114.	karate	каратэ
115.	an onlooker/a bystander	сторонний зритель
116.	a witness	свидетель
117.	a club	бита (в гольфе)
118.	to take it in turns	поочерёдно, по очереди
119.	We take it in turns to do the housework.	Мы поочерёдно делаем работу по дому.

Word Formation

allowance-1.пособие 2.карманные деньги	allow- позволять disallow- 1.отвергать 2. запрещать	allowable – 1.допустимый 2.дозволенный
association— ассоциация, объединение dissociation— разъединение, разобщение	associate— 1.ассоциироваться 2.соединять, связывать dissociate— разъединять, разобщать	associated –связанный, объединённый dissociated— разобщенный
competition-1.соревнование 2.конкуренция competitor— 1.соперник, 2.конкурент competitiveness— конкурентноспособность	compete-1.соревноваться 2.конкурировать	competitive-конкурентноспособный, конкурирующий, соперничающий	competitively— на конкурентной основе; в духе соперничества
enjoyment-удовольствие	enjoy-получать удовольствие	enjoyable— приятный
equipment— оборудование	equip— снаряжать, оборудовать	equipped— оборудованный
fortune— 1.удача, счастье 2.состояние, богатство misfortune— несчастье, беда		(un)fortunate— (не)счастливый	(un)fortunately— к (не)счастью
interest— интерес	interest— интересовать	(un)interesting— (не)интересный (un)interested— (не)заинтересованный, не интересующийся ч-л disinterested- незаинтересованный, бескорыстный	(un)interestingly— (не)интересно
knowledge— знания	know— знать	knowledgeable— 1. хорошо осведомлённый, знающий 2.умный unknowledgeable— не осведомлённый, не знающий	knowledgeably – со знанием
loss— потеря	lose— 1.терять 2.проигрывать	lost— потерянный
maintenance— 1.поддержка, поддержание 2.текущий ремонт	maintain— 1.поддерживать 2.сохранять в исправности
medal- медаль medallist- медалист medallion- медальон
opposition— оппозиция opponent— оппонент, противник	oppose— выступать против, сопротивляться	opposite— противоположный opposing— противостоящий
practice— практика	practise— практиковаться, тренироваться	(im)practical— (не)практичный	(im)practically— (не)практично
trainer— инструктор, тренер training- обучение, тренировка	train— тренировать(ся), готовить(ся) retrain— проводить, проходить  переподготовку

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Подборка по базе: Проект Татьяна Глотова.docx, Методическая разработка практического занятия на тему _Развитие , Практическая работа_ разработка технологической карты урока (кур, 3.1. Задание_ Дорохина_ Нина_ Николаевна.docx, Методическая разработка по Конкурсу Я-Дежурный по станции.docx, план-конспект разработка ПТП и КТП.docx, Итоговая работа. Разработка сценария библиотечного мероприятия (, Методическая разработка внеурочного занятия Эксперт-криминалист., Методическая разработка _Неделя биологии_.docx, Оценка конкурентоспособности предприятия и разработка мероприяти

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Work and business

Word formation:

add added, addition, additional(ly)

apply (in)applicable, applied, applicant, application

commerce commercial(ly)

dedicate dedicated, dedication

employ (un)employd, (un)employable, (un)employement, employer, employee

qualify (un)qualified, qualifying, qualification

responsible irresponsible, (ir)responsibly, (ir)responsibility

work working, (un)workable, worker, works

3.2 Заполните словами в правильной форме:

Choosing the right career to suit your 1) … (personal) and one that lives up to your 2) … (expect) can be rather difficult. We usually take certain factors into 3) … (consider) when making such a 4) … (decide). First of all, what are the 5) … (require) of the job? You need to find out what 6) … (qualify) are necessary before you hand in your 7) … (apply) form. Then, think of your career prospects and consider whether there is ample … (opportune) for 9) … (promote). Finally, you need to decide on the level of 10) … (responsible) you would be happy with and whether you will achieve a sense of job 11) … (satisfy) equal to the work you put in.

Most people’s political 1) … (active) is limited to voting in an 2) … (elect) every few years. Other, more committed, people regularly attend 3) … (demonstrate) about particular political issues. Then, there are those who enter into 4) … (correspond0 with the 5) … (politics) who represents them. They may write with 6) … (refer) to some national law which concerns them, with a 7) … (propose) for a change in party policy, or something concerned purely with local … (govern) –anything, in fact, which they feel deserves the 9) … (attend) of their Member of Parliament. however, waiting for a reply requires a lot of 10) … (patient), and few would expect a profound and lengthy 11) … (analyse) of their original letter.

Great composers offer us a unique 1) … (interpret) of the world around us. Achieving this takes both 2)… (inspire) and a degree of 3) …(commit) that few of us possess. Shut away in the 4) … (private) of their studios, free from the 5) … (distract) of day-to-day concerns, they strive for the perfect 6) … (express) of what they know and feel. 7) … (Recognize) usually comes slowly, and being over-sensitive to … (criticize) may lead to 9) … (discourage). On the other hand, enthusiastic praise from critics and the public can relieve the composer’s 10) … (isolate) and bring him or her a degree of 11) … (satisfy) that few but creative artists ever experience.

3.3 Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Factory Work

Factory work is often dull and 1) … (repeat) although it 2) … (general) isn’t difficult. Most people work on a 3) … (product) line, where individuals are responsible for the 4) … (complete) of one stage of a process. Much of the work doesn’t require training and is 5) … (skilled), although it helps if you have 6) … (patient). Some factory 6) … (work) enjoy their job because it provides regular hours and a 7) … (rely) income. They all have the 9) … (possible) of making friends, as factories are often large and have lots of 10) … (employ). Others claim that they are underpaid, and 11) … (frequent) scan the jobs column of local newspapers hoping to find something better.

Science and technology

Word formation: discover discovery

science scientist, (un)scientifical(ly)

technology technological(ly), technical(ly), technician, technique

research researcher

introduce introduction, introductory

possible impossible, (im)possibility, (m)possibly

invent inventor, invention
3.3. Заполните словами в правильной форме:

Neil Armstrong was born on August 5^th, 1930 in Ohio, America, and was the first man to set foot on the moon. His studies at university were 1)… (sudden) interrupted in 1950 by the Korean War, in which he served as a pilot and was shot down. 2) …. (consequence) he was awarded three Air Medals. In 1955 he became a pilot for NASA, flying more than 1,000 hours while testing 3)… (vary) supersonic fighters and planes. A couple of years late, he joined the space programme and, in 1969, blasted off in the rocket, Apollo 2, with two other astronauts. Landing on the moon’s 4) … (dust) surface., Armstrong uttered those 5)…(forget) words, “That’s one step for man , one giant leap for mankind.” The astronauts collected samples from the moon and took 6) … (number) photographs. With Neil Armstrong’s momentous visit to the moon, the Americans had opened a new, 7) … (fascinate) era in mankind’s … (explore) of the universe.

3.4. Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Charles Babbage was an important English 1) … (invent) who is 2) … (fame) for designing the first computer.

In 1823 the 3) … (govern) gave Babbage a large amount of money to design a mechanical 4) … (calculate) and he spent most of his working on the machine. During the 1830’s he developed plans for another machine which would later become the first modern computer. The machine had a huge memory to store complicated numbers.

5) … (fortunate), the designs for his computer were lost until 1937 when 6) … (luck), they were found. In 1991, British scientists 7) … (final) built a surprisingly accurate computer using Babbage’s designs and called it Difference Engine No. 2.

1. . Заполните словами в правильной форме:

Albert Einstein once said:” Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.’ The 1) (success) opera singer Barbara Hendricks is one of those people who have taken this saying to heart. Her 2) (music) career includes 3) (perform) such as singing at President Mitterrand’s memorial service in Notre Dame. However, these 4) (achieve) are almost overshadowed by her 5) (determine) to aid casualties of war. Her humanitarian efforts have taken her from the streets of Sarajevo to the war in Rwanda, where she has shown the 6) (able) to be not only 7) (help) but also (compassion). In the past, she has also been able to arrange charity events as she has many contacts with 9) (fame) and 10) (power) people. Due to her 11) (commit) and 12) (dedicate) she has recently been awarded with the French Legion d’honneur.

3.6. Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Dinosaurs and Satellites

In the beginning, life appeared on our planet on a molecular scale and, very gradually, developed into multi-cell organisms that co-operated in colonies. Eventually, due to 1) (evolve), small complex mobile creatures emerged. Through a process of natural 2) (select) and supported by 3) (hospitality) climate, some species thrived and grew 4) (exceed) large- culminating in the reign of the dinosaurs.

The story of human 5) (explore) of space is not very different. For tens of thousands of years, mankind’s attempts at understanding the cosmos were restricted to 6) (puzzle) observations made from the surface of our planet. Small but essential steps were taken and, as human technology mushroomed, we jumped out of our biosphere for the first time. Nearer to home, we placed a 7) (man) outpost on the edge of space to observe our planet’s behave) and provide communications. The satellites now orbiting the earth have evolved rapidly and, like the dinosaurs before them, have become larger and still larger.

3.7 Заполните пропуски в правильной форме:

The Power of the Mind

Scientists have recently become interested in strange 1) … (psychology) powers. A professor at Edinburgh University is leading an 2) … (investigate) into the most 3) … (mystery) aspect of the brain’s 4) … (able). He has chosen a controversial and 5) … (surprise) subject – telepathy. Direct mind-to-mind 6) … (communicate) is when one person knows what another is thinking. Many people have doubts that this is really a 7) … (science) subject, and the professor’s work has only recently received … (recognize). He believes that telepathy is a 9) … (nature) talent, but that some people are more 10) … (sense) than others. However, most people still believe that it involves some kind of 11) … (honesty) or trickery.
Money and shopping

Word formation: accept acceptance, accepting, (un)acceptable, (un)acceptably

assist assistance, assistant

economy economic, (un)economical(ly), economics, economist

expense (in)expensive(ly), expenses

poor poorly, poverty

pay paid, payment, payable

real unreal, really, realize, realization, reality, realistic(ally)

3.8 Заполните словами в правильной форме:
Shop till you Drop!

Retail therapy has become one of Britain’s most pleasurable leisure 1) (pursue)……….. But the percentage of the population suffering from the serious medical condition of shopping 2) (addict)……….. is reaching crisis point.

Experts believe 10 per cent of the population, and possibly 20 per cent of women, are manic, 3) (compel)………….. shoppers. Most shopaholics are seriously in debt, and the condition has led to 4) (depress) ……….., family break-ups, and in some cases to 5) (home) ………. and even suicide.

More 6) (science)…………… known as omniomania, the condition has been recognized by 7) (psychiatry)…………. since the early 1900s but only now is it teaching epidemic proportions. A European Union report recently revealed that up to half of 14- to 18-year-old girls in Scotland, Italy and Spain could be classified as shopaholics, but the stigma of being a shopaholic may be masking an even higher number of (suffer)………..

3.9 Заполните совами в правильной форме:

Customer Complaints

Complaining about shoddy goods, high prices and pork services can be a daunting prospect, especially if you have little 1) … (know) of the law. With standard consumer complaints, like being 2) … (charge) for goods, contact the customer services department of the organization, where may be a set complaints 3) … (proceed) in place. If you have a complaint linked to a local retailer and you think their products are 4) … (fault) or their selling methods dubious, contact your local trading standards office. Before phoning or writing, it is 5) …(advice) to get the facts totally clear in your own mind as to why you are 6) …(satisfaction) and what you want to happen to put matters right. Will you accept 7)… (replace) goods or do you only want as full cash …(fund)? It’s often better to go for money first.

People and society

Word formation: able unable, (in)ability, disabled, disability

argue argument, argumentative

happy unhappy, (un)happiness, (un)happily

jealous jealousy, jealously

willing unwilling, (un)willingness, (un)mwillingly

polite impolite, (im)politely, (im)politenss

obey disobey, (dis)obedient(ly)(dis)obedience

3.10. Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

We have to come to the 1)… (decide) that if this company is to become 3) … (effect), a 20% … (reduce) in spending costs must be made.

My sister is very clever and 4) … (persuade) young lady. I can’t believe she made me give her my most valuable 5) … (possess) – my watch!

Karen is a 6) … (create) girl who likes to keep herself busy and 7) … (act). Sometimes she is a little … (talk) and doesn’t pay enough 9) … (attend) in class.

Tom’s parents think that Tom is a 10) … (sense) child who cries easily. I think he’s just an 11) … (act), and quite an 12) … (impress) one at that!

Hobbies, sport and games

Word formation: allow disallow, allowance, allowable

associate disassociate, (un)associate

compete compettion, competitor, competitive(ly)

equip equipment, equipped

enjoy enjoyment, enjoyable

know, knowledge, (un)knowledgeable

lose lost, loss

medal medalist, medallion

oppose opposition, opponent, opposite, opposing

train retrain, trainer

fortune misfortune, (un)fortunate(ly

3.11Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Learning to swim can be a 1) (frighten) experience, and the older you are, the more 2) (courage) you need to be. The first step is to actually get into the water without panicking, which many people have 3) (difficult) doing. Once you are in the water you should try to relax, which can be done with the help of your 4) (instruct), who will be 5) (know) about relaxation techniques. If you can overcome your anxiety and start to feel at home in the water, leaning to swim will come 6) (nature), and will 7) (doubt) be one of the most (reward) experiences of your life.

3. 12. Заполните словами в правильной форме:

Learning to swim can be a 1) (frighten) experience, and the older you are, the more 2) (courage) you need to be. The first step is to actually get into the water without panicking, which many people have 3) (difficult) doing. Once you are in the water you should try to relax, which can be done with the help of your 4) (instruct), who will be 5) (know) about relaxation techniques. If you can overcome your anxiety and start to feel at home in the water, leaning to swim will come 6) (nature), and will 7) (doubt) be one of the most (reward) experiences of your life.

3.13.Заполните пропуски словами в правильной форме:

The Benefits of Exercise

Working full-time can be a very 1) … (stress) experience for most people; long hours and the pressure to be 2) … (success) in a 3) … (compete) society both contribute to the build-up of anxiety. If you’re feeling 4) … (nerve), there’s no better way to relax than to exercise. However, many people return from work too 5) … (exhaust) to move. People are criticized for being lazy and 6) … (active), and for watching too much television which is not 7) … (benefit) to our health. Taking regular exercise can be both relaxing and … (pleasure), and people who feel healthy often also feel more 9) … (confidence). You don’t need to be especially 10) … (energy) to take up a sport; simply choose one that is 11) … (suit) to your character.

The media

Wordformation: announce, announcement, (un)announced

belief disbelief, believe, (un)believable, (un)believably

communicate communication, (un)communicative, communicator

edit editor, editorial, edited

power powerful(ly), powerless(ly), empower

ridicule ridicous(ly), ridicousness

inform information, (un)informed, (un)informable

3.14. Заполните словами в правильной форме:

“Friends Reunited” expands

Friends Reunited , the UK website that 1) (able) subscribes to locate their old school friends, is planning to expand. Extra sites will be launched in other courtiers, using the same 2) (line) as the UK site.

The site has been a(n) 3) (quality) success since it went live in the UK. Run by husband and wife Steve and Julie Pankhurst, it has more than 6.2 million registered 4) (use) . It received acres of press 5) (cover) as features 6) (edit) realized its 7) (potent) for generating human interest stories.

There have been several (imitate) but none has met with the success of the original. Now, according to the Pankhursts, there is plenty of room for international 9) (grow).

The law and crime

Word formation: accuse, accused, accusation

addict addicted, addictive, addiction

convict convicted, conviction

crime criminal

forge forgery, forger

investigate

investigative, investigation, investigator

offence offensive, offend, offender

prison prisoner, imprisonment, imprisoned

prove proof, (un)proven, disprove

secure insecure, (in)security

3.15. Заполните словами в правильной форме:

Last year our house was broken into while we were 1) (happy) out shopping. It was a 2) (shock) experience), and afterwards there was a 3) (length) police 4) (investigate). First police officer came to take a statement, accompanied by a man who dusted the house for any traces for the burglar’s fingerprints. They wrote a report and started looking for a culprit. Two weeks later they found him and charged him with 5) (burgle). He was subsequently found 6) (guilt) in court0, as his fingerprints were 7) (prove0 enough that he had committed the crime.

Health and fitness

Wordformation: allergy allergic

aware unaware, awareness

benefit beneficial

emphasis emphasize, emphatic

fit unfit, fitness

injure injury, injuries

recover recovery

strong strength, strengthen, strongly

inject injection

operate operation, operator, cooperate, cooperation, (un)cooperative

3.16. Заполните словами в правильной форме:

The no-surgery-solutions

These days, it seems there’s an1).(operate) for everything. Whether you want something made smaller or you want to2)(emphasis) your best features, you can bet that plastic3) …(surgery) claim to have the solution. We at BodySculpt know, though, that you don’t want the 4) … (comfort) associated with surgery. But you can’t enjoy the 5) …(benefit) effects without going under knife, can you? Yes! No need for 6) …(surgery) procedures with a long 7) ….(recover) period. Our unique service consists of a series … (inject) that will give you the results you’ve always wanted! Call now and speak to one of our 9) … (operate).

МОУ «Лицей
г.Козьмодемьянска»

Суффиксы и приставки
в английском языке

Учебно-методическая
разработка

Апаласова Надежда
Михайловна,

учитель английского
языка

МОУ «Лицей
г.Козьмодемьянска»

Республики Марий
эл

г.Козьмодемьянск

2011

Данная
учебно-методичесая разработка
предназначена для учащихся старших
классов средних общеобразовательных
школ.

Ее целью является
дальнейшее развитее и совершенствование
у учащихся практических умений и навыков
в распознавании и употреблении суффиксов
и приставок в английском языке.

Содержание

1.Введение

2.Суффиксы

2.1 Суффиксы
существительных

2.2 Суффиксы
прилагательных

2.3 Суффиксы наречий

2.4 Суффиксы глаголов

2.5 Приставки

3. Тренировочные
упражнения

4.Ключи

1. Введение

Данная разработка
посвящена одному из способов
словообразования, а именно образованию
новых слов при помощи аффиксов и имеет
целью развивать умения и навыки учащихся
в употреблении приставок и суффиксов
различных частей речи.

В работе представлены
типичные приставки и суффиксы таких
частей речи, как существительных,
прилагательных, наречий и глаголов. Они
представлены в отдельных разделах,
каждый из которых содержит:

1) список суффиксов
или приставок, сопровождаемый пояснениями;

2) упражнения
различного характера на образование
новых слов.

Раздел, содержащий
приставки, состоит из списка приставок
с пояснениями и упражнений, предназначенных
для их первичного закрепления.

Правильность
выполнения заданий проверяется по
ключам, представленным в последней
части разработки.

В ходе подготовки
настоящей работы были использованы
следующие источники:

1) V.Evans,
J.Dooley, Upstream/Pre-Intermediate, 2004

2)
B.Obee,V.Evans,Upstream/Upper Intermediate,

3) V.Evans,J.Dooley,
Enterprise/Intermediate

4) V.Evans,
J.Dooley,Mission 1, 2000

5) M.Harris, D.Mover,A.
Sikorzynska, Opportunities/Upper Intermediate, 2002

6) Практическая
грамматика английского языка,К.Н.Качалова.
Е.Е.Израилевич.-М.:Юнвес, 2002

Разработка
предназначена для самостоятельной
работы учащимся

средних
общеобразовательных учреждений и лицам,
стремящимся совершенствовать свои
знания, умения и навыки в области
словообразования.

2.Суффиксы

Прибавление
суффикса обычно не меняет смысловое
содержание слова, но при этом слова
часто переходят из одной части речи в
другую и в словаре приводятся отдельной
статьей. Или же в одной словарной статье
указывается, с каким суффиксом может
использоваться данное слово, и что
получается в результате прибавления к
нему этого суффикса.

В английском языке
не существует какой-либо системы,
поддающейся изучению и строго определяющей,
какое именно слово и с каким суффиксом
можно использовать. Поэтому главным
помощником изучающего язык в этом
вопросе должен быть словарь.

Некоторые суффиксы
совпадают по виду и звучанию, но могут
быть признаками разных частей речи.

2.1 Суффиксы
существительных

Существительные
могут
быть
образованы
от
глаголов
с
помощью
с
помощью
суффиксов:
-age(drain-drainage), -al(propose-proposal), -ance(hinder-
hindrance), -ation(investigate- investigation),
-ence(refer-reference),
-ion(protect-protection),-ment9emply-employment),-sion(decide-decision),
-sis(analyse-analysis), -tion(repeat- repetition), -y(injure-injury)

Существительные
могут
быть
образованы
от
прилагательных
с
помощью
суффиксов:
-ance(arrogant- arrogance), -cy(fluent-fluency), -ence(patient-
patientce), -ion(desperate-desperatoin), -iness(lonely- loneliness),
-ity(familiar-familiarity), -ment(content-contentment), -ty(anxious-
anxiety), -y(honest- honesty).

Суффиксы ance—
, —tion,
—ment
используются при образовании
существительных от глаголов и
употребляются для обозначения действий,
процессов, состояний.

Образуйте от
следующих глаголов существительные,
используя суффиксы –ance,
—tion,
—ment:

1.enjoy
5. amaze

2. celebrate
6. compete

3. perform
7. engage

4. decorate
8. ignore

(Ответ: enjoyment,
celebration, performance, decoration, amazement, competition,
engagement, ignorance).

2.1.1.
Закончите
предложения,
вставляя
полученные
существительные:

1. The little girl stared
at the pumpkin lantern in ….

2. We would like to
invite you to our … party.

3. The musician gave an
amazing … on stage.

4.
Sarah and Jim put up all the … on the Christmas tree.

5. Ronaldo won first
prize in the dance ….

Чтобы обозначить
людей, совершающих действие, выраженное
корнем

слова, мы добавляем–ar,
—er,
—or,
—ee
к основе глагола, или –ist,
—ian
к

основе
глагола
или
существительного:
employ- employee, lie-liar, drive-driver, act-actor, art- artist,
music- musician.

Суффикс –ian
обозначает национальность или звание
и профессию: Russian
(русский), musician
(музыкант).

2.1.2. Закончите
предложения, употребляя сова в правильной
форме:

He was a
(music) and came from America. It was not typical of an (America) to
earn a living playing the violin. But he was so talented that people
listened to him paying no (attend) to what he looked like. He seemed
to be like a (magic).

Russian
(русский), musician
(музыкант); Суффикс –ist
обозначает лицо, деятеля, представителя
профессии, последователя теории, метода,
направления:

colonist,
artist,
socialist

2.1.3. Образуйте
существительные от следующих слов:

1. translate
   5 piano
   9.music

2. art
   6. conduct

3. act
   7. write

4. biology
   8. paint

(Ответ:
translator, artist, actor, biologist, piano, conductor, writer,
painter).

2.1.4.
Закончите
предложения,
используя
полученные
существительные:

1. A … is a person who
translates texts or speech from one language to another.

2. An …
artist is a person the part of a character in a play, film, on TV,
etc.

3. A … is a person who
studies the life of organisms and plants.

4. A … is a person who plays
the piano.

5. A … is a person who
conducts an orchestra.

6. A … is a person who
writes short stories, novels, etc.

7. A … is a person who
paints.

Суффикс –ure
используется при образовании абстрактных
существительных и соответствует словам
в русском языке, оканчивающимся на –
ура:

mix- mixture
text- texture

create-
creature fail- failure

press-
pressure

Этот же суффикс
может означать процесс:

to press (давить) —
рrеssure [‘pre] (давление);

Суффикс –ee
используется при образовании
существительных, имеет страдательное
значение, т.е. это тот, кто подвергается
воздействию:

interview- interviewee
refuge- refugee

employ- employee

Суффикс –ism
обозначает определенное учение,
направление в искусстве, литературе,
общественную формацию, особенность,
состояние:

realism,
socialism,
heroism

Суффикс –(i)ty
обозначает состояние, положение,
качество, свойство:

activity,
reality

Суффикс –ment
обозначает действие, результат действия,
средство, процесс, состояние:

development,
enjoyment

Суффикс –ness
обозначает качество, состояние:

darkness, coldness

Суффикс –ance(ence)
обра разует отвлеченные существительные,
обозначающие действие, а также состояние
и качество:

assistance, correspondence

—ity
— соответствует русскому суффиксу
«-ость»:

active
(активный) — activity
(активность);

—ment
— обозначает действие:

to move (двигаться) —
movement (движение);

—nеss
— передает состояние, качество:

dark
(темный) — darkness
(темнота);

-ure (-ture, -sure):

culture [‘kl] (культура),
lecture [‘lek] (лекция).

Этот же суффикс
может означать процесс:

to press (давить) —
рrеssure [‘pre] (давление);

—ship
— передает состояние, свойство:

friend
(друг) — friendship
(дружба);

—th
–изменяет написание и произношение
слова:

strong-strength; deep- depth

2.1.5.
Закончите
предложения,
употребляя
слова
в
правильной
форме:

The (deep)
of the lake was unknown. Many people avoid it because of its (wide)
and (long). The (strong) of the current of the river which flowed in
did not play any role in the (grow) of its life. The (dark) of its
water was frightening..

2.2 Cсуффиксы
прилагательных

Тпичными суффиксами
прилагательных, образованных от
существительных и глаголов являются:

-able fashionable -ical
mechanical

-al magical
-iuos rebelliuos

-ant
hesitant -ish stylish

— ar
spectacular -ist racist

-ary
disciplinary -ive selective

-ate
considerate -less faultless

-ial
artificial -like woman-like

-ent
persistent -ly deathly

-esque picturesque -ory
sensory

-ful
successful -ous humorous

-ian Iranian
-some bothersome

-ible
terrible -y sandy

-ic melodic

2.2. 1. Образуйте
прилагательные, используя суффиксы:

-ial, -ive, ual, -able, -ary, -ent

read, president, persist;
persuade, attract, vision, residence, station

Суффиксы –ful
и –less
используются при образовании прилагательных
от существительных и обозначают, что
то, что выражено существительным, есть
(суффикс–ful)
или нет (суффикс– less,
что также соответствует приставке без
— в русском языке).

Образуйте
прилагательные от следующих существительных,
используя приставки –ful
и less:

1. help

2. taste

3. joy

4. meaning

5. mind

6. care

2.2.2.
Закончите
предложения,
используя
полученные
прилагательные:

1. Steven’s crashed his car
again! What a … driver!

2. The Irish are … people
who love music and dancing.

3. She
always wears stylish clothes and … jewellery.

4. Some s sentences in this
piece of writing are completely ….

2.2.3.
Закончите
предложения,
используя
слова
в
правильной
форме:

1. The forest is very …
   (peace) on Sunday mornings.

2. Oh, don’t
   worry about the dogs; they are …. (harm).

3. My grandmother still manages
   to look … (youth) at 64.She says that her secret is not to worry
   about … (meaning) things in life.

4. Te key to my father’s
   ….(success) career as a businessman was to avoid making ….(care)
   mistakes.

5. It’s … (point) for me to
   give you any… (help) advice if you ‘re not prepared to follow
   it.

2.2.4.
Используйте
слова
в
правильной
форме:

1. attract

-Using this polish on your car
will give its surface an … shine.

-Apart from the rock concert,
there ere several other … at the festival.

2.
pass

-The
escaped prisoner took a hostage and demanded safe … out of the
country.

-After the heavy snow, the
mountain roads were ….

3. beauty

-Flower arrangements help to …
a house.

-The talented … decided to
open her own salon.

4. sign

-This cheque is …, so I’m
afraid the bank cannot cash it

-The anti-hunting group
collected over 5,000 … on its petition.

-It is hoped that the … of
the agreement will take place tomorrow.

5.
like

—The
restaurant was too sophisticated for my ….

-Marianna bears a strong …
to her father.

6.
terror

—Blowing
up the ambassador’s car was an act of … condemned by the
government.

—I’ve
just heard the news about the … train crash.

7.
stop

-Once Ruth starts talking
about her cats, she’s ….

-Factory workers have voted
for daily 3-hour … in protest at the planned pay cuts.

8.
head

-The article had a rather
uninspiring ….

-She tripped and fell … down
the stairs.

2.2.4:
1.attracrive/attractions; 2. passage/impassable; 3. beautify/
beautician; 4. unsigned/signatures/signing; 5. liking/likeness; 6.
terrorism/terrible; 7. unstoppable/stoppages; 8. headline/ heading;
headlong)

Суффикс – en
при прибавлении к существительному
образует относительное прилагательное:

wood — wooden;

gold — golden

Суффиксы –ive,
—ous,
—able,
—ible
используются при образовании прилагательных
от существительных и глаголов.

2.2.5 Образуйте
прилагательные от следующих слов:

1. .fame
   8. collect

2. adventure
   9.memory

3. enjoy
   10.inform

4. protect
   11.express

5. talk
   12.danger

6. admire
   13. horror

7. humour

(Ответ:
famous, adventurous, enjoyable, protective, talkative, admirable,
humorous, collective, collectable, memorable, informative,
expressive, dangerous, horrible)).

2.2.6.
Заполните пропуски
полученными
словами:

1. Sherlock Holmes is probably
   the most … detective in literature.

2. That clown has a very …
   face.

3. Tom is
   quiet, but John is quite ….

4. “Mad” is a (n) …
   magazine that makes you laugh your head off!

2.2.7.
Заполните
пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

1. I must sell my car, so I will
   accept any … (reason) offers.

2. In order to lose weight<
   one must follow a … (sense) diet.

3. Cindy is …
   (response) for keeping the accounts in her office.

4. This sofa is very soft and …
   (comfort).

5. She always wears very …
   (fashion) clothes).

6. I don’t think the excuse he
   made for being late was … (believe).

Суффикс –y
используется при образовании прилагательных
от существительных, используется для
обозначения природных условий, состояний
человека.

-у — образует
прилагательные со значением «имеющий
данное качество»:

dirt
(грязь)
— dirty (грязный).

2.2.8.
Заполните пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

1. The …
   (salt) chips made me quite … (thirst).

2. The weather in Florida was…
   (cloud) and … (rain), so the ground was damp and…(mud).

Fill l in the gaps in the
text with suitable word derived from the word in brackets:

2.3. Суффиксы наречий

—lу
— самый продуктивный суффикс, образующий
наречия от прилагательных:

loud
(громкий) — loudly
(кромко);

right
(правильный) — rightly
(правильно);

—ward(s)
— образует наречия, указывающие на то,
в каком направлении совершается действие:

back
(задний) — backward
[‘bkwd]
(назад);

in (в) — inward [‘inwd]
(внутрь).

2.4 Суффиксы
глаголов:

-fy:

clear — clarify;

justice — justify

-ize / -ise:

memory — memorize /
memorise;

legal —
legalize / legalise

при прибавлении
к прилагательному / существительному
образует глагол:

wide — widen;

length — lengthen

2.5.Префиксы.

Имеют (за редким
исключением) собственное смысловое
содержание. При прибавлении к слову
изменяют в той или иной степени его
значение и поэтому в словаре приводятся
в виде отдельной статьи. В некоторых
случаях пишутся слитно, в некоторых —
через дефис.

Типичными приставками
прилагательных являются:

a —
asexual

ab-
abnormal

anti- =>
противо
antisocial

dis-

disinterested

hyper-
сверх—
hyperactive

il-
отрицательное
значение
illegible

im—
отрицательное значение
immortal

in—
отрицательное значение
inactive

ir-
отрицательное
значение
irresponsible

mal-
maladjusted

non- не-:
non-existent

over-
сверх- / nepe-: overweight

pre-
до- / пред-:
prearranged

pro-
pro-war

sub-
sub-zero

super-
superhuman

un-
unavailable

under-
недо—
/ под—
/ мало-;
обратное
значение
over-:

understaffed

со-
=> со-: co-author;

contra-
=> противо-: contraception; contradict

сounter-
=> противо- / контр-: counter-attack;

de—
— противоположное значение: to
degenerate,

to
deform

dis-
— противоположное
значение:
dishonest;

to
disagree; disagreement

en—
/ em-;
при присоединении к существительному
/ прилагательному образует глагол: to
enlarge,
to
enrage,
to
embody,
to
embrace

in—
=> внутри-; обратное значение out:

input
— output
=> вход — выход (в аппаратуре /
программировании / …);

in—patient
=> больной стационара;

out—patient
=> амбулаторный больной;

in—laws
=> родственники со стороны мужа / жены

inter- =>
взаимо- / меж- / интер-: interdependent,
intercontinental, international

mis- =>
выполнять
действие
неправильно:
to misunderstand, to misuse,

post- =>
после-: post-war,
postscript

re- =>
пере-(делать)
/ сделать
заново:
to remarry, to relocate

sub- =>
под-: subway, sub-conscious, sub-committee

2.5.1
Переведите
слова
с
in-, im-, ir-, il-, dis-, sub-, under- and over- на
русский
:

inexpensive,
imperfect, irreplaceable, unaffordable, illogical dishonest,
misjudge, substandard, underestimate, overspend

2.5.2 Образуйте новее
слова, используя приставки:

experienced,
human, worked, sold, conscious, valued, normal, valuable, mature,
rational, loaded, liked, legible, cook, developed, look, use, charge,
fund, dress, line.

Приставки il-,im-,
in—
соответствует приставке

не — в русском
языке. Приставка il—
присоединяется к словам с основой на
«l».
приставка «ir—к
основам на «r»,
а приставка «im»-
к основам на «m»
. «b»,
«p».

2.5.3 Образуйте
антонимы от следующих слов, используя
приставки:

il-, un-, dis-, in-, im-

common, flexible, movable,
emotional, pleased, probable, agreeable, patient, legal, approachable

2.5.4.
Образуйте антонимы,
используя
приставки
il-,im-,in-,ir-:

1. patient
6. legal

2. possible
7. secure

3.
responsible 8. complete

4. logical
9. rational

5. mature
10. indiscreet

2.5.5.
Закончите
предложения,
используя
некоторые
из
полученных
слов:

1. I’m sorry, but I can’t
meet you at 8:00. It’s …..

2. It was very … of you to
leave your sister to come home by herself.

3. After losing her job, Diana
started feeling very ….

4. It’s…
to buy souvenirs made from endangered species.

5. This list is …. There are
some names missing.

Приставка re—
означает повторное действие или повторный
процесс, приставка

inter—
используется с глаголами и существительными
и обозначает что-то , соединяющее два
или более мест, предметов или групп
людей.

2.5.6. Образуйте
новые слова от следующих слов:

1. Change
4. start

2. appear
5. national

3. charge
6. arrange

(Ответ:
interchange, reappear, recharge, restart, international, rearrange)

2.5.7.
Заполните
пропуски
полученными
словами:

1. British Airways is offering a
   discount on …………….. flights this month!

2. My battery is low. I have to
   …………… my phone.

3. The
   teacher ………………. the desks to make space for the meeting.

4. I thought I’d lost my
   files, but they ………………… when I restarted my computer.

2.5.8 Заполните
пропуски , используя слова в правильной
форме:

1. Johnny can’t make
   decisions easily; he is … (decisive).

2. The
   salesman was extremely … as he did not answer any of our
   questions (helpful).

3. Don’t believe what he
   says; he is … (honest).

4. You cannot depend on him to
   help you with your work; he is … (responsible).

5. John’s last statement did
   not make any sense. I thought it was completely …. (logical).

6. Although he is fifty years
   old, he still behaves like a child. Everyone agrees that he is …
   (mature).

Приставки: over—
соответствует пере — в русском языке,
sub—
соответствует под-, может означать
«меньше или менее важно»; de—
означает «сделать что-то меньше,
уменьшить, снизить»; down—
означает движение вниз»; under—
соответствует приставке недо- в русском
языке; re—
означает «повторное действие, повторный
процесс»; un—
соответствует приставке не- в русском
языке; semi—
означает «половина чего-либо или
частично»; multi—
означает «много»; mis—
означает «делать что-то плохо или
неправильно».

2.5.9 Соотнесите
подчеркнутые приставки сих значениями,
данными под буквами:

1.
overpopulation, overgrown, oversleep

2. substandard, subway,
submarine

3. deforestation, defuse,
dehydration

4. downhill, downstream,
downgrade

5.
undermourished, underpaid, undercooked

6. rebuild, replace, rewind

7. unstable, unusual,
uncommon

8. semi-active. semi-
circle, semi- final

9. multinational,
multi-purpose, multi-racial

10. mismanagement,
misunderstand, misplace

a) again
f) opposite of an action

b) badly
g) not enough

c) below
h) downwards

d) too much
i) opposite of an adjective

e) many
j) partly/ half

2.5.10 Закончите
предложения словами из упражнения
2.5.9:

1. After the storm they had to
   1) … hundreds of houses which had been damaged.

2. Many people in the developing
   world suffer from diseases because they are 2) ….

3. Our team
   was knocked out in the 3) … of the competition.

4. The bomb was about to go off
   but the experts managed to 4) … it.

5. I 5) … the question and
   failed the exam.

6. I 6) … yesterday and
   arrived an hour late for class.

7. A lot of houses collapsed in
   the earthquake because of 7) … construction.

8. Floods are not … these
   days; they happen more and more.

(Ответ:
1.rebuild; 2.undermourished; 3.semi-final; 4. defuse; 5.
misunderstood; 6. overslept; 7. substandard; 8. unusual)

Приставки anti—
означает «против», bi—
— «два», inter—
— «между, среди», mal—
— «плохо». micro—
-«маленький», mini—
— «очень маленький», mono—
— «один»,

post—
— «после», pre—
— «до». pro—
— « перед, в поддержку кого-либо .
чего-либо».

2.5.11 Закончите
предложения словами, образованными с
помощью приставок. Используйте словарь:

1. He tends
   to be very boring. He’s got a1) … — tonous voice and he doesn’t
   listen to other people- conversation with him is just listening to
   his …-2)logue.

2. In the 3) … -war period
   from 1945 to 190 she was a … -4)graduate student at Cambridge and
   did her doctoral thesis on the economics of developing countries.

3. A minority of the 5) …
   -globalisation campaigners is very 6) … -social and has been
   involved in damaging property during demonstrations.

4. She is completely 7) …
   -lingual in English and French, but she still doesn’t know how to
   ride a 8)…-cycle.

5. He is going for an9) …
   -view with a big10) … -national aid organization.

6. Using new 11) … -scopes
   which are much more effective, they have succeeded in producing an
   even smaller12) … -chip.

7. He is very 13)… -American
   and loves everything about the place. He is especially14) …
   -Hollywood.

8. The surgeon was condemned
   for15) …-practice, though he claimed that the accident had
   happened due to the16) …-function of the operating theatre.

9. Some of
   the most important developments in the study of17) …-historic
   life in the area were made in the18) …-war period – between
   1900 and 1914.

10. A woman with a19) …-skirt
    got into the20) …-bus and sat down next to me.

(Ответ:
1.monotonuos; 2.monologue; 3. postwar; 4.postgauate;
5.anti-globalisation; 6.antisocial; 7. bilingual; 8. bicycle;9.
interview; 10.international; 11.microscopes; 12.microchip;
13.pro-American;14. pro-Hollywood; 15. malpractice;16.
malfunction.17.prehistoric;18. pre-war; 19.miniskirt; 20. minibus)

Приставка en—
обозначает, что что-то или кто-то вводит
в состояние, выраженное корнем слова:
enrich—
обогащать, т.е. вводить в состояние
богатства.

Образуйте новые
слова, используя приставку en-:

rich
large

able
joy

courage

danger

3. Тренировочные
упражнения

3.1 Заполните словами
в правильной форме:

Person/Noun	Verb	Adjective	Abstract Noun
	tire	Tiring/tireless
leader	lead	leading	leadership
	excel	excellent	excellence
competitor	compete	competitive	competition
contractor		contractual	contract

1. Although
the job is not physically 1) (tire), it leaves me feeling exhausted
at the end of the day.

2. He was
praised for his 2) (tire) efforts to promote our ideals at and
abroad.

3. The most important quality
required for this managerial post is 3) (lead).

4. Mr. Brown is one of the
country’s 4) (lead) authorities on industrial relations.

5. We were treated to an 5)
(excel) supper of seafood and home-made pasta.

6. We are committed to
pursuing 6) (excel) in providing for traveling business people.

7. We managed to outwit the 7)
(compete) by launching our product early.

8. The team displayed a lot
of8) (compete) spirit and that’s why they succeeded.

9. The building 9)
(contract) failed to compete the new sports hall on time.

10. You have a 10)
(contract) obligation to give us a month’s notice if you intend to
leave.

Work and business

Word
formation:

add
added,
addition, additional(ly)

apply
(in)applicable,
applied, applicant, application

commerce
commercial(ly)

dedicate
dedicated,
dedication

employ
(un)employd, (un)employable, (un)employement, employer, employee

qualify
(un)qualified, qualifying, qualification

responsible
irresponsible, (ir)responsibly, (ir)responsibility

work
working, (un)workable, worker, works

3.2 Заполните словами
в правильной форме:

Choosing
the right career to suit your 1) … (personal) and one that lives up
to your 2) … (expect) can be rather difficult. We usually take
certain factors into 3) … (consider) when making such a 4) …
(decide). First of all, what are the 5) … (require) of the job? You
need to find out what 6) … (qualify) are necessary before you hand
in your 7) … (apply) form. Then, think of your career
prospects and consider whether there is ample … (opportune) for
9) … (promote).
Finally, you need to decide on the level of 10) … (responsible) you
would be happy with and whether you will achieve a sense of job 11) …
(satisfy) equal to the work you put in.

Most people’s political 1)
… (active) is limited to voting in an 2) … (elect) every few
years. Other, more committed, people regularly attend 3) …
(demonstrate) about particular political issues. Then, there are
those who enter into 4) … (correspond0 with the 5) … (politics)
who represents them. They may write with 6) … (refer) to some
national law which concerns them, with a 7) … (propose) for a
change in party policy, or something concerned purely with local …
(govern) –anything, in fact, which they feel deserves the 9) …
(attend) of their Member of Parliament. however, waiting for a reply
requires a lot of 10) … (patient), and few would expect a profound
and lengthy 11) … (analyse) of their original letter.

Great composers offer us a
unique 1) … (interpret) of the world around us. Achieving this
takes both 2)… (inspire) and a degree of 3) …(commit) that few
of us possess. Shut away in the 4) … (private) of their studios,
free from the 5) … (distract) of day-to-day concerns, they strive
for the perfect 6) … (express) of what they know and feel. 7) …
(Recognize) usually comes slowly, and being over-sensitive to …
(criticize) may lead to 9) … (discourage). On the other hand,
enthusiastic praise from critics and the public can relieve the
composer’s 10) … (isolate) and bring him or her a degree of 11) …
(satisfy) that few but creative artists ever experience.

3.3 Заполните
пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Factory Work

Factory
work is often dull and 1) … (repeat) although it 2) … (general)
isn’t difficult. Most people work on a 3) … (product) line, where
individuals are responsible for the 4) … (complete) of one stage of
a process. Much of the work doesn’t require training and is 5) …
(skilled), although it helps if you have 6) … (patient). Some
factory 6) … (work) enjoy their job because it provides regular
hours and a 7) … (rely) income. They all have the 9) … (possible)
of making friends, as factories are often large and have lots of 10)
… (employ). Others claim that they are underpaid, and 11) …
(frequent) scan the jobs column of local newspapers hoping to find
something better.

Science and technology

Word
formation:
discover discovery

science
scientist, (un)scientifical(ly)

technology
technological(ly), technical(ly), technician, technique

research
researcher

introduce
introduction, introductory

possible
impossible, (im)possibility, (m)possibly

invent
inventor,
invention

3.3.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Neil
Armstrong was born on August 5^th,
1930 in Ohio, America, and was the first man to set foot on the moon.
His studies at university were 1)… (sudden) interrupted in 1950 by
the Korean War, in which he served as a pilot and was shot down. 2)
…. (consequence) he was awarded three Air Medals. In 1955 he became
a pilot for NASA, flying more than 1,000 hours while testing 3)…
(vary) supersonic fighters and planes. A couple of years late, he
joined the space programme and, in 1969, blasted off in the rocket,
Apollo 2, with two other astronauts. Landing on the moon’s 4) …
(dust) surface., Armstrong uttered those 5)…(forget) words, “That’s
one step for man , one giant leap for mankind.” The astronauts
collected samples from the moon and took 6) … (number) photographs.
With Neil Armstrong’s momentous visit to the moon, the Americans
had opened a new, 7) … (fascinate) era in mankind’s …
(explore) of the universe.

3.4.
Заполните
пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Charles
Babbage was an important English 1) … (invent) who is 2) …
(fame) for designing the first computer.

In 1823 the 3) … (govern)
gave Babbage a large amount of money to design a mechanical 4) …
(calculate) and he spent most of his working on the machine. During
the 1830’s he developed plans for another machine which would later
become the first modern computer. The machine had a huge memory to
store complicated numbers.

5) …
(fortunate), the designs for his computer were lost until 1937 when
6) … (luck), they were found. In 1991, British scientists 7) …
(final) built a surprisingly accurate computer using Babbage’s
designs and called it Difference Engine No. 2.

1. . Заполните словами
   в правильной форме:

Albert Einstein once said:”
Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of
value.’ The 1) (success) opera singer Barbara Hendricks is one
of those people who have taken this saying to heart. Her 2)
(music) career includes 3) (perform) such as singing at President
Mitterrand’s memorial service in Notre Dame. However, these 4)
(achieve) are almost overshadowed by her 5) (determine) to aid
casualties of war. Her humanitarian efforts have taken her from the
streets of Sarajevo to the war in Rwanda, where she has shown the 6)
(able) to be not only 7) (help) but also (compassion).
In the past, she has also been able to arrange charity events as she
has many contacts with 9) (fame) and 10) (power) people.
Due to her 11) (commit) and 12) (dedicate) she has recently
been awarded with the French Legion d’honneur.

3.6. Заполните
пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Dinosaurs
and Satellites

In the beginning, life
appeared on our planet on a molecular scale and, very gradually,
developed into multi-cell organisms that co-operated in colonies.
Eventually, due to 1) (evolve), small complex mobile creatures
emerged. Through a process of natural 2) (select) and supported by
3) (hospitality) climate, some species thrived and grew 4) (exceed)
large- culminating in the reign of the dinosaurs.

The story of human 5)
(explore) of space is not very different. For tens of thousands of
years, mankind’s attempts at understanding the cosmos were
restricted to 6) (puzzle) observations made from the surface of our
planet. Small but essential steps were taken and, as human technology
mushroomed, we jumped out of our biosphere for the first time. Nearer
to home, we placed a 7) (man) outpost on the edge of space to observe
our planet’s behave) and provide communications. The satellites
now orbiting the earth have evolved rapidly and, like the dinosaurs
before them, have become larger and still larger.

3.7 Заполните
пропуски в правильной форме:

The Power of the Mind

Scientists have recently
become interested in strange 1) … (psychology) powers. A professor
at Edinburgh University is leading an 2) … (investigate) into the
most 3) … (mystery) aspect of the brain’s 4) … (able). He has
chosen a controversial and 5) … (surprise) subject – telepathy.
Direct mind-to-mind 6) … (communicate) is when one person knows
what another is thinking. Many people have doubts that this is really
a 7) … (science) subject, and the professor’s work has only
recently received … (recognize). He believes that telepathy is a
9) … (nature) talent, but that some people are more 10) … (sense)
than others. However, most people still believe that it involves some
kind of 11) … (honesty) or trickery.

Money and shopping

Word
formation: accept
acceptance, accepting, (un)acceptable, (un)acceptably

assist
assistance, assistant

economy
economic, (un)economical(ly), economics, economist

expense
(in)expensive(ly), expenses

poor
poorly, poverty

pay
paid, payment, payable

real
unreal, really, realize, realization, reality, realistic(ally)

3.8 Заполните словами
в правильной форме:

Shop till you Drop!

Retail therapy has become one
of Britain’s most pleasurable leisure 1) (pursue)……….. But
the percentage of the population suffering from the serious medical
condition of shopping 2) (addict)……….. is reaching crisis
point.

Experts believe 10 per cent of
the population, and possibly 20 per cent of women, are manic, 3)
(compel)………….. shoppers. Most shopaholics are seriously in
debt, and the condition has led to 4) (depress) ……….., family
break-ups, and in some cases to 5) (home) ………. and even
suicide.

More 6)
(science)…………… known as omniomania, the condition has been
recognized by 7) (psychiatry)…………. since the early 1900s but
only now is it teaching epidemic proportions. A European Union report
recently revealed that up to half of 14- to 18-year-old girls in
Scotland, Italy and Spain could be classified as shopaholics, but the
stigma of being a shopaholic may be masking an even higher number of
(suffer)………..

3.9 Заполните совами
в правильной форме:

Customer
Complaints

Complaining
about shoddy goods, high prices and pork services can be a daunting
prospect, especially if you have little 1) … (know) of the law.
With standard consumer complaints, like being 2) … (charge) for
goods, contact the customer services department of the organization,
where may be a set complaints 3) … (proceed) in place. If you have
a complaint linked to a local retailer and you think their products
are 4) … (fault) or their selling methods dubious, contact your
local trading standards office. Before phoning or writing, it is 5)
…(advice) to get the facts totally clear in your own mind as to why
you are
6) …(satisfaction) and what you want to happen to put matters
right. Will you accept 7)… (replace) goods or do you only want as
full cash …(fund)? It’s often better to go for money first.

People and society

Word
formation:
able
unable, (in)ability, disabled, disability

argue
argument, argumentative

happy
unhappy, (un)happiness, (un)happily

jealous
jealousy, jealously

willing
unwilling, (un)willingness, (un)mwillingly

polite
impolite, (im)politely, (im)politenss

obey
disobey, (dis)obedient(ly)(dis)obedience

3.10.
Заполните
пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

We have
to come to the 1)… (decide) that if this company is to become 3) …
(effect), a 20% … (reduce) in spending costs must be made.

My sister is very clever
and 4) … (persuade) young lady. I can’t believe she made me give
her my most valuable 5) … (possess) – my watch!

Karen is a 6) … (create)
girl who likes to keep herself busy and 7) … (act). Sometimes she
is a little … (talk) and doesn’t pay enough 9) … (attend) in
class.

Tom’s parents think
that Tom is a 10) … (sense) child who cries easily. I think he’s
just an 11) … (act), and quite an 12) … (impress) one at that!

Hobbies, sport and games

Word
formation:
allow
disallow,
allowance, allowable

associate
disassociate, (un)associate

compete
compettion,
competitor, competitive(ly)

equip
equipment, equipped

enjoy
enjoyment, enjoyable

know,
knowledge, (un)knowledgeable

lose
lost,
loss

medal
medalist,
medallion

oppose
opposition, opponent, opposite, opposing

train
retrain,
trainer

fortune
misfortune,
(un)fortunate(ly

3.11Заполните
пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Learning to swim can be a 1)
(frighten) experience, and the older you are, the more 2)
(courage) you need to be. The first step is to actually get into the
water without panicking, which many people have 3) (difficult)
doing. Once you are in the water you should try to relax, which can
be done with the help of your 4) (instruct), who will be 5)
(know) about relaxation techniques. If you can overcome your anxiety
and start to feel at home in the water, leaning to swim will come 6)
(nature), and will 7) (doubt) be one of the most
(reward) experiences of your life.

3. 12.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Learning to swim can be a 1)
(frighten) experience, and the older you are, the more 2)
(courage) you need to be. The first step is to actually get into the
water without panicking, which many people have 3) (difficult)
doing. Once you are in the water you should try to relax, which can
be done with the help of your 4) (instruct), who will be 5)
(know) about relaxation techniques. If you can overcome your anxiety
and start to feel at home in the water, leaning to swim will come 6)
(nature), and will 7) (doubt) be one of the most
(reward) experiences of your life.

3.13.Заполните
пропуски словами в правильной форме:

The Benefits of Exercise

Working full-time can be a
very 1) … (stress) experience for most people; long hours and the
pressure to be 2) … (success) in a 3) … (compete) society both
contribute to the build-up of anxiety. If you’re feeling 4) …
(nerve), there’s no better way to relax than to exercise. However,
many people return from work too 5) … (exhaust) to move. People are
criticized for being lazy and 6) … (active), and for watching too
much television which is not 7) … (benefit) to our health. Taking
regular exercise can be both relaxing and … (pleasure), and
people who feel healthy often also feel more 9) … (confidence). You
don’t need to be especially 10) … (energy) to take up a sport;
simply choose one that is 11) … (suit) to your character.

The media

Wordformation:
announce, announcement, (un)announced

belief
disbelief, believe, (un)believable, (un)believably

communicate communication,
(un)communicative, communicator

edit editor, editorial, edited

power powerful(ly),
powerless(ly), empower

ridicule ridicous(ly),
ridicousness

inform
information, (un)informed, (un)informable

3.14.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

“Friends Reunited” expands

Friends Reunited , the UK
website that 1) (able) subscribes to locate their old school
friends, is planning to expand. Extra sites will be launched in other
courtiers, using the same 2) (line) as the UK site.

The site has been a(n) 3)
(quality) success since it went live in the UK. Run by husband and
wife Steve and Julie Pankhurst, it has more than 6.2 million
registered 4) (use) . It received acres of press 5) (cover)
as features 6) (edit) realized its 7) (potent) for
generating human interest stories.

There have been several
(imitate) but none has met with the success of the original. Now,
according to the Pankhursts, there is plenty of room for
international 9) (grow).

The law and crime

Word formation: accuse,
accused, accusation

addict addicted, addictive,
addiction

convict convicted, conviction

crime criminal

forge forgery, forger

investigate

investigative, investigation,
investigator

offence offensive, offend,
offender

prison prisoner, imprisonment,
imprisoned

prove proof, (un)proven,
disprove

secure insecure, (in)security

3.15.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Last year our house was broken
into while we were 1) (happy) out shopping. It was a 2) (shock)
experience), and afterwards there was a 3) (length) police 4)
(investigate). First police officer came to take a statement,
accompanied by a man who dusted the house for any traces for the
burglar’s fingerprints. They wrote a report and started looking for
a culprit. Two weeks later they found him and charged him with 5)
(burgle). He was subsequently found 6) (guilt) in court0, as his
fingerprints were 7) (prove0 enough that he had committed the
crime.

Health and fitness

Wordformation: allergy
allergic

aware unaware, awareness

benefit beneficial

emphasis emphasize, emphatic

fit unfit, fitness

injure injury, injuries

recover recovery

strong strength, strengthen,
strongly

inject injection

operate
operation, operator, cooperate, cooperation, (un)cooperative

3.16.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

The no-surgery-solutions

These days,
it seems there’s an1).(operate) for everything. Whether you want
something made smaller or you want to2)(emphasis) your best features,
you can bet that plastic3) …(surgery) claim to have the solution.
We at BodySculpt know, though, that you don’t want the 4) …
(comfort) associated with surgery. But you can’t enjoy the 5)
…(benefit) effects without going under knife, can you? Yes! No
need for 6) …(surgery) procedures with a long 7) ….(recover)
period. Our unique service consists of a series … (inject) that
will give you the results you’ve always wanted! Call now and speak
to one of our 9) … (operate).

Food and drink

Wordformation: anxious,
anxiously, anxiety

appreciate
(un)appreciative(ly), appreciation

contain container, content(s)

create creative(ly), creation,
creatively, creator

feed food

prepare preparation,
preparatory, (un)prepared

sweet sweetly, sweetener,
sweetness

mix mixed, mixture, mixer

grow growth, grown-up,
growing, grown, home-grown, grower

origin (un)original(ly),
originate, originator

3.17.
Заполните
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Creating your own dishes

Good
cooking is always a strange 1) … (mix) of science and art, and
youcertainly have to be fairly 2) … (create) if you want to come up
with your own recipes. All cooking also demands a fair amount of 3)
… (prepare) , and this is doubly true when you’re producing 4) …
(origin) dishes. You also have to be thick-skinned. You’ll be 5) …
(surprise) by how honest people can be when it comes to food. I’ve
had people tell me my latest dish is 6) ….(disgust) and 7) …
(thorough) inedible! Sometimes, they were right. But don’t get
upset. Just smile … (sweet) and thank them for their valuable
opinion. And never forget that when you’re waiting 9) … (anxious)
to hear whether or not your ‘masterpiece’ is a success and they
suddenly show their 10) … (appreciate) you’ll relies it was all
it worth it. My tips: home- 11) … (grow) vegetables are always the
tastiest. Every good cook needs a top-quality 12) … (mix). It’s
an essential piece of kitchen equipment, not a luxury. Make sure
you’ve got lots of good-quality food storage 13) … (contain).
And, finally, remember that designing a new dish is not about 14) …
(safe). It’s about taking risks, and learning from your mistakes.
have fun in the kitchen!

Education and learning

Word formation: academy
academic, academically

attend attention,
(in)attentive(ly), attendance, attendant

behave behavior

certify certificate, certified

educate education, educator,
educational(ly)

fail
failure, failing

improve improvement, improved

literate illiterate,
(il)literacy, literature

revise revision, revised

scholar scholarship,
scholarly, scholastic

solve solution, (un)solvable

study student, studies,
studious

think thought, (un)thinkable,
thoughtful, thoughtless

understand
(mis)understanding, (mis)understood, understandable, understandably

3.18.
Заполните
пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Being unable to read

It seems 1)
… (think) today not to provide children with a decent 2) …
(educate).There is such n emphasis on 3) … (academy) achievement
these days that it’s easy to forget what a problem 4) …
(literate) used to be. Being unable to read can be 5) … (intense)
embarrassing and can make someone feel like a complete 6) … (fail).
Someone who can’t read is often 7) … (understand) afraid of
certain situations. The problem can seem … (solve). However,
given the right teacher, a lot of hard work and a 9) … (reason)
amount of time, anyone can learn. Being able to read can lead to an
10)… (Improve) quality of life.

Weather and the environment

Word
formation: accurate accurately, inaccurately, (in) accuracy

danger dangerous(ly),
endanger, endangered

environment environmental(ly),
environmentalist

harm harmful(ly), harmless
(ly) (un)harmed

nature (un)natural(ly)

pollute (un)polluted,
pollution, pollutant

reside residential, resident,
residence

low lower, lowness

globe global(ly)

3.19. Заполните
словами в правильной форме:

The
forecast said there was a high 1(likely) of rain this weekend. WE all
know that using cars causes 2) … (pollute), but we still do it.
Forecasting the weather 3) … (accurate) takes a great deal of
training. Litter is often a problem in 4) … (resident) area.
According to 5) … (environment), we could be facing a crisis within
fifty years. It was a wonderfully 6) … (sun) day, so we decided to
go to the beach. The giant panda is 7) … (danger) because its
habitat is being destroyed. We didn’t enjoy our walk because it was
absolutely … (freeze).

Entertainment

Word
formation: act,(in) active(ly),actor, actress, action, (in)activity

amuse (un)amusing(ly),
amusement

bore boring(ly), bored,
boredom

converse conversation

current currently

entertain entertaining,
entertainment, entertainer

excite (un)exciting,
excited(ly), excitement

perform performing,
performance, performer

vary (in)variable,
(in)variably, varying, varied, various(ly), variation, variety

3.20.
Заполните
пропуски
словами
в
правильной
форме:

Reality show

Despite the
1) … (suggest) by many critics that reality TV would be a very
short-lived phenomenon, it still increasing in 2) … (popular).
Several reality shows are 3) … (current) watched by millions of
viewers each night, and it’s clearly a form of 4) … (entertain)
that’s here to stay. Indeed, a number of people have become 5) …
(fame) because of their 6) … (involve) in reality TV shows, and
have gone on to have successful careers as singers, 7) … (act) or
TV presenters. We can watch with … (excite) each night the
‘going-on’ in the house (or jungle, or bar, or school of arts).
The 9) … (converse) between the contestants are interesting; so we
don’t get 10) … (bore), and there are frequently 11) … (vary)
conflicts, which provide further 12) … (amuse). If the contestants
have to give some kind of 13) … (perform) at the end of the week,
that’s even more appealing. But there’s a 14) … (say) in the TV
industry: ‘it’s all in the editing’ and this is especially true
of reality shows.

Fashion
and design

Word formation: advertise,
advertisement, advert, advertising, advertiser

attract (un)attractive(ly),
attraction

decide decision,
(in)decisive(ly), undecided

desire (un)desirable

enthuse
(un)enthusiastic(ally), enthusiasm, enthusiast

expect (un)expected(ly),
expectation, expectancy

fashion (un)fashionable, (un)
fashionably

produce product, producer,
production, (un)productive(ly)

style (un)stylish(ly),
stylist, stylishness

succeed success,
(un)successful(ly)

use usage, useful(ly),
useless(ly), user, (un)usable

3.21 Заполните
пропуски словами в правильной форме:

Visit to a fashion show

I was
really 1) … (enthuse) about my first visit to a fashion show. I had
always loved fashion but had only models in 2) … (advertise) on
TV. Finally, I was going to see a real show! I got out my most 3) …
(fashion) clothes. I wanted to look as 4) … (style) as the models.
I don’t know if I was completely 5) … (success), but I never had
much money to spend on clothes and I felt 6) … (attract), which is
the main thing. When we got there, it was fantastic! There were so
many 7) … (beauty) women! The show started and imagines my surprise
when, completely … (expect), the first model was wearing clothes
just like I was! Everyone saw the 9) … (similar) and a couple of
people asked me who my 10) … (style) was! Amazing!

Ключи

3.1: 1. tiring; 2. tireless;
3. leadership; 4. leading; 5. excellent; 6. excellence; 7.
competition; 8.competitive/competitors; 9. contractors; 10.
contractual)

3.2:
1.suddenly, 2.consequently; 3.variuos; 4.dusty; 5.unforgetful;
6.numerous; 7.fascinating; 8.exploration)

3.4: 1.
inventor; 2. famous; 3.government; 4. calculator; 5. unfortunately;
6. luckily; 7. finally)

3.5: 1. successful; 2.
musical; 3. performances; 4. achievements; 5. determination; 6.
ability; 7; helpful; 8. compassionate; 9. famous; 10. powerful; 11.
commitment; 12. dedication

3.6: 1.evolution; 2.
selection; 3. hospitable; 4. exceedingly; 5. exploration. 6.
puzzling.; 7.manned; 8. behaviour)

3.7: 1. psychological; 2.
investigation; 3. mysterious; 4. abilities; 5. surprising; 6.
communication; 7. scientific; 8. recognition; 9.unnatural; 10.
sensitive; 11. dishonesty)

3.9: 1.knowledge; 2.
overcharged; 3. procedure; 4. faulty; 5. advisable; 6. dissatisfied;
7. replacement; 8. refund)

3.10: 1. decision; 2.
effective; 3. reduction; 4. persuasive; 5. possession; 6. creative;
7. active; 8. talkative; 9. attention; 10. sensitive; 11. active; 12.
impressive)

3.11: 1. frightening; 2.
courageous; 3.difficulty; 4. instructor; 5. knowledgeable; 6.
naturally; 7.undoubtedly; 8. rewarding

3.12: 1. frightening; 2.
courageous; 3.difficulty; 4. instructor; 5. knowledgeable; 6.
naturally; 7.undoubtedly; 8. rewarding

3.13: 1.
stressful; 2. successful; 3. competitive; 4. nervous; 5. exhausted;
6. inactive; 7. beneficial; 8. pleasant; 9.confident; 10. energetic;
11. suitable)

3.14: 1. enables; 2.outline;
3. unqualified; 4. users; 5.coverage; 6. editors; 7. potential; 8.
imitators; 9. growth)

3.15:
1.happily; 2. shocking; 3. lengthy; 4.investigation; 5. burglary; 6.
guilty; 7. proof

3.16: 1.operation; 2.
emphasis; 3. surgeons; 4. discomfort; 5. beneficial; 6. surgical;
7.recovery; 8. injections; 9. operators

3.17: 1.
mixture; 2. creative; 3. preparation; 4. original; 5. surprised; 6.
disgusting; 7. thoroughly; 8. sweetly; 9. anxiously; 10.
appreciation; 11. grown; 12. mixer; 13. containers; 14. safety

3.18: 1. unthinkable: 2.
education; 3. academic; 4. illiteracy; 5. intensely; 6. failure; 7.
understandably; 8. unsolvable; 9. reasonable; 10. improved

3.19: 1.likelihood; 2.
pollution; 3. accurately; 4. residential; 5. environmentalists; 6.
sunny; 7. endangered; 8. freezing

3.20: 1. suggestion(s); 2.
popularity; 3. currently; 4. entertainment; 5. famous; 6.
involvement; 7. actors; 8. excitement; 9. conversations; 10. bored;
11. various; 12. amusement; 13. performance; 14. saying

3.21:1.
enthusiastic; 2. dvertisments/ads/adverts; 3. fashionable; 4.
stylish; 5. successful; 6. attractive; 7. beautiful; 8. unexpectedly;
9.similarity; 10. stylist

Список использованной
литературы:

1) V.Evans, J.Dooley,
Upstream/Pre-Intermediate, 2004

2)
B.Obee,V.Evans,Upstream/Upper Intermediate, 2007

3)
V.Evans,J.Dooley, Enterprise/Intermediate,2007

4) V.Evans, J.Dooley,Mission
1, 2000

5) M.Harris, D.Mover,A.
Sikorzynska, Opportunities/Upper Intermediate, 2002

6) Практическая
грамматика английского языка,К.Н.Качалова.
Е.Е.Израилевич.-М.:Юнвес, 2002