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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Text may refer to:

Written word[edit]

Text (literary theory), any object that can be read, including:
- Religious text, a writing that a religious tradition considers to be sacred
- Text, a verse or passage from scripture used in expository preaching
- Textbook, a book of instruction in any branch of study

Computing and telecommunications[edit]

Plain text, unformatted text
Text file, a type of computer file opened by most text software
Text string, a sequence of characters manipulated by software
Text message, a short electronic message designed for communication between mobile phone users
Text (Chrome app), a text editor for the Google Chrome web browser

Arts and media[edit]

TEXT, a Swedish band
Text & Talk (formerly Text), an academic journal
«Text», a 2010 song produced by J.R. Rotem, featuring Mann and Jason Derulo
TxT (film), a 2006 Filipino horror film
Text (film), a 2019 Russian film
Text (2008 film) (film), a 2008 American horror film

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English text, from Old French texte (“text”), from Medieval Latin textus (“the Scriptures, text, treatise”), from Latin textus (“style or texture of a work”), perfect passive participle of texō (“I weave”). Cognate to English texture.

Pronunciation[edit]

enPR: tĕkst, IPA^(key): /tɛkst/
Rhymes: -ɛkst
Hyphenation: text

Noun[edit]

text (countable and uncountable, plural texts)

A writing consisting of multiple glyphs, characters, symbols or sentences.
A book, tome or other set of writings.
(colloquial) A brief written message transmitted between mobile phones.

Synonym: text message
(computing) Data which can be interpreted as human-readable text.

Coordinate term: plain text

Antonym: binary
A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.
(by extension) Anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, etc.

Synonyms: topic, theme
(printing) A style of writing in large characters; also, a kind of type used in printing.

Synonym: text hand

German text

Hyponyms[edit]

alt text (alternative text)
body text
flat text
hypertext
metatext
parallel text
plain text
plaintext
running text
schizotext

Derived terms[edit]

context
here-text
pretext
sexting
subtext
text box
text editor
text file
text link
text message
text retrieval
textbase
textbook
texting
textonym
textual

Translations[edit]

a written passage

Afrikaans: teks
Albanian: tekst (sq) m
Arabic: نَصّ‎ (ar) m (naṣṣ)
Armenian: տեքստ (hy) (tekʿst)
Azerbaijani: mətn (az)
Belarusian: тэкст m (tekst)
Bengali: পাঠ (paṭh)
Bulgarian: текст (bg) m (tekst)
Burmese: စာသား (my) (casa:), စာကိုယ် (my) (cakuiy)
Catalan: text (ca) m
Chinese:

Cantonese: 課文／课文 (fo³ man⁴)

Dungan: кәвын (kəvɨn)

Mandarin: 課文／课文 (zh) (kèwén)

Min Nan: 課文／课文 (zh-min-nan) (khò-bûn)
Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁϫⲓ (metsači)
Czech: text (cs) m
Danish: tekst (da), skrift (da) n
Dutch: tekst (nl) m
Egyptian: (zẖꜣ)
Esperanto: teksto (eo)
Estonian: tekst (et)
Faroese: tekstur m
Finnish: teksti (fi), kirjoitus (fi)
French: texte (fr) m
Galician: texto (gl) m
Georgian: ტექსტი (ṭeksṭi)
German: Text (de) m
Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 f (bōka)
Greek: κείμενο (el) n (keímeno)

Ancient: γραφή f (graphḗ)
Guaraní: moñe’ẽrã
Hebrew: טֶקְסְט‎ (he) m (tekst)
Hindi: पाठ (hi) m (pāṭh)
Hungarian: szöveg (hu)
Icelandic: texti (is) m
Ido: texto (io)
Indonesian: teks (id)
Irish: téacs (ga) m
Italian: testo (it) m
Japanese: 本文 (ja) (ほんもん, honmon), 文 (ja) (ぶん, bun), テキスト (ja) (tekisuto), 記事 (ja) (きじ, kiji)
Kazakh: мәтін (mätın)
Khmer: អត្ថបទ (ʼatthaʼbɑt), ខ្វាម (km) (khvaam), គ្វាម (km) (kviəm)
Korean: 텍스트 (ko) (tekseuteu), 본문(本文) (ko) (bonmun)
Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: text (ku), metin (ku)
Kyrgyz: текст (ky) (tekst)
Lao: ຂໍ້ຄວາມ (khǭ khuām), ບົດຄວາມ (bot khuām)
Latin: scriptum (la) n, textus (la) m
Latvian: teksts m
Lithuanian: tekstas (lt) m
Luxembourgish: Text (lb)
Macedonian: текст m (tekst)
Malay: teks (ms)
Malayalam: പാഠം (ml) (pāṭhaṃ)
Manx: teks m
Maori: kuputuhi
Mongolian:

Cyrillic: текст (mn) (tekst), сэдэв (mn) (sedev)
Norwegian:

Bokmål: tekst (no) m or f

Nynorsk: tekst m or f
Pashto: متن‎ m (matәn)
Persian: متن‎ (fa) (matn)
Polish: tekst (pl) m
Portuguese: texto (pt) m
Punjabi: ਪਾਠ (pāṭh)
Romanian: text (ro) n
Russian: текст (ru) m (tekst)
Sanskrit: पाठ (sa) m (pāṭha)
Scottish Gaelic: teacsa m
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: те̏кст m, шти̑во n

Roman: tȅkst (sh) m, štȋvo (sh) n
Slovak: text m
Slovene: besedilo (sl) n, tekst m
Spanish: texto (es) m
Swahili: nakala (sw)
Swedish: text (sv)
Tagalog: lamandiwa, teksto
Tajik: матн (tg) (matn)
Tarantino: teste m
Telugu: పాఠము (te) (pāṭhamu)
Thai: ข้อความ (th) (kɔ̂ɔ-kwaam)
Turkish: metin (tr)
Turkmen: tekst
Ukrainian: текст (uk) m (tekst)
Urdu: متن‎ (matn)
Uyghur: تېكىست‎ (tëkist)
Uzbek: matn (uz), tekst (uz)
Vietnamese: văn bản (vi) (文本)
Volapük: vödem (vo)
Walloon: tecse (wa) m
Welsh: testun (cy) m
Yakut: тиэкис (tiekis)
Yiddish: טעקסט‎ m (tekst)
Yucatec Maya: tsʼíib

a book, tome or other set of writings

Afrikaans: teks
Chinese:

Mandarin: please add this translation if you can
Dutch: tekst (nl) m
Esperanto: teksto (eo)
Finnish: teksti (fi), kirjoitus (fi)
French: texte (fr) m
German: Text (de) m
Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 f (bōka)
Haitian Creole: tèks
Hebrew: טֶקסט‎ (he) m (tekst)
Indonesian: teks (id)
Irish: téacs (ga) m
Italian: testo (it) m
Latin: scriptum (la) n
Neapolitan: tiestu, tiestu
Portuguese: texto (pt) m
Russian: текст (ru) m (tekst)
Scottish Gaelic: teacsa m
Spanish: texto (es)
Thai: ตำรา (th) (dtam-raa)

a brief written message transmitted between mobile phones

Afrikaans: SMS (af)
Arabic: رِسَالَة‎ f (risāla), (colloquial) مِيسِيج‎ m (mīsij), إِس إِم إِس‎ m (ʾes ʾem ʾes), رِسَالَة إِس إِم إِس‎ f (risālat ʾes ʾem ʾes)
Bengali: এসএমএস (eśoemoeś)
Catalan: missatge SMS
Chinese:

Mandarin: 短信 (zh) (duǎnxìn), 簡訊／简讯 (zh) (jiǎnxùn)
Czech: SMS (cs) f, esemeska (cs) f, textovka f
Danish: sms (da) c
Dutch: sms (nl) m
Finnish: tekstiviesti (fi)
French: texto (fr) m, SMS (fr) m
Georgian: ტექსტური შეტყობინება (ṭeksṭuri šeṭq̇obineba), შეტყობინება (šeṭq̇obineba), ესემესი (esemesi), მესიჯი (mesiǯi)
German: SMS (de) f
Greek: μήνυμα (el) n (mínyma)
Hebrew: SMS (he) m
Irish: téacs (ga) m, teachtaireacht f
Italian: sms (it) m, messaggio (it)
Japanese: 伝言 (ja) (でんごん, dengon), メッセージ (ja) (messēji), 短信 (ja) (たんしん, tanshin)
Korean: 메시지 (ko) (mesiji), 소식(消息) (ko) (sosik)
Maori: karere ā-waea, karere kuputuhi
Polish: wiadomość (pl) f, sms (pl) m, esemes (pl) m
Portuguese: torpedo (pt) m, mensagem (pt) f
Russian: сообще́ние (ru) n (soobščénije), (slang) ме́сседж (ru) m (mɛ́ssɛdž), СМС (ru) m (SMS), эс-эм-э́с m (es-em-és), (colloquial) эсэмэ́ска (ru) f (esɛmɛ́ska)
Scottish Gaelic: teacsa m
Spanish: mensaje de texto m
Swedish: sms (sv)
Thai: ข้อความสั้น, ข้อความ (th) (kɔ̂ɔ-kwaam)
Volapük: vödanunil
Welsh: neges destun (cy)

Verb[edit]

text (third-person singular simple present texts, present participle texting, simple past and past participle texted or (nonstandard) text)

(transitive) To send a text message to; i.e. to transmit text using the Short Message Service (SMS), or a similar service, between communications devices, particularly mobile phones.

Synonyms: message, (UK) SMS

Just text me when you get here.

I’ll text the address to you as soon as I find it.
(intransitive) To send and receive text messages.

Have you been texting all afternoon?
(dated) To write in large characters, as in text hand.
- 1607–21, Phillip Massinger, Beaumont and Fletcher, The Tragedy of Thierry and Theodoret, Act 2, Scene 1:
  
  I wish / (Next to my part of Heav’n) that she would spend / The last part of her life so here, that all / Indifferent judges might condemn me for / A most malicious slanderer, nay, text it / Upon my forehead
- 2009, Lain Fenlon, Early Music History: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music‎^[1] (Music), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page p. 223:
  
  The basic plan is simple. For the first two phrases the texted line is above the untexted; for the next two, bring us to the midpoint cadence, the texted line is for the most part lower; and the in the second half the texted material starts lower, moves into the upper position and finally occupies the bottom range again.

Translations[edit]

to send a text message to

Afrikaans: SMS (af)
Bengali: এসএমএস করা (eśoemoeś kora)
Catalan: please add this translation if you can
Czech: písnout
Dutch: sms’en (nl)
Finnish: tekstata (fi)
French: textoter (fr)
German: simsen (de)
Irish: téacsáil, téacs a chur, téacs a sheoladh
Italian: messaggiare (it)
Japanese: メッセージを送る (messēji o okuru)
Navajo: náʼníłtąsh (use with form of bichʼįʼ)
Norman: texter
Polish: pisać (pl) impf
Portuguese: mandar/enviar (uma) mensagem/mensagem de texto
Russian: смснуть pf (smsnut’)
Spanish: textear (es), mensajear (es)
Swedish: messa (sv) (slang), sms:a
Turkish: mesaj atmak, yazmak (tr)
Vietnamese: nhắn tin (vi)
Welsh: tecstio (cy)

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Medieval Latin textus (“text”), from Latin textus, perfect passive participle of texō (“weave”), attested from the 14th century.^[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈtekst/

Noun[edit]

text m (plural texts or textos)

text

[edit]

textual

References[edit]

^ “text”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈtɛkst]

Noun[edit]

text m

text

text knihy ― the text of the book

text písně ― lyrics

text smlouvy ― the text of the contract

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

otextovat
podtext
textař
textovat
textovka
textový

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Persian تخت‎ (taxt).

Noun[edit]

text m

throne
bed
wood, tree

[edit]

textî
textîn
textînî

References[edit]

Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 389

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French texte, Latin textus.

Noun[edit]

text n (plural texte)

text

References[edit]

text in DEX online — Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

text c

text

Declension[edit]

Declension of text
	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	text	texten	texter	texterna
Genitive	texts	textens	texters	texternas

Источник

Text Definition

The word text comes from the Latin term texere, meaning ‘to weave’. Many critics regard text as a linguistic structure woven out of words or signs. Therefore a text is a human product whose form is achieved by its author’s design and its meanings by the author’s intentional uses of the verbal medium. Therefore, a text contains meaning which is open to interpretation.

The term was first used to denote parts of the Bible studied by scholars, or the body of a literary work which was subject to the scrutiny of editors and bibliographers. Nowadays, readers and critics alike use it to signify any piece of written or spoken discourse, especially when they want to avoid giving value judgments such as literary or categorising something.

Types of Text

Descriptive Text

Based on perception in space. It creates a vivid picture of place, characters, events and things which are often to be found in narratives such as novels and short stories.

Narrative Text

Based on perception in time. It narrates succession of events in chronological order. For instance, fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, personal experience are this type.

Expository Text

It aims at explanation, i.e. the cognitive analysis and subsequent syntheses of complex facts. Example: Essay.

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Источник

Noun

A good critic will refer back to the text often.

You can find the full text of his speech on his website.

the text of the Constitution

The book is mostly photographs—it has very little text.

At this point the website is only text. Graphics will be added later.

Students will read and discuss various literary texts.

Verb

I texted her a little while ago.

I texted a message to her.

She just texted me back.

Recent Examples on the Web

Investigators demanded access to records related to the missing texts from the office of Inspector General Joseph Cuffari earlier this week, suggesting a new sense of urgency in the nearly two-year investigation.

—Cami Mondeaux, Washington Examiner, 7 Apr. 2023

According to the budget text this plan will evaluate over 750 miles of road this year and use this data to inform decisions for future preventative and rehabilitative maintenance.

—Heather Gann | Hgann@al.com, al, 7 Apr. 2023

But Stanton talked her through it, sending her motivational texts and praying for her.

—Tyler Tachman, The Indianapolis Star, 5 Apr. 2023

Miami pitcher Jesús Luzardo got a text from his former teammate Pablo López, who is now with Minnesota, the night before Wednesday’s game.

—Alanis Thames, Sun Sentinel, 5 Apr. 2023

The idea that the word Easter references the goddess Eostre, a notion that dates back to an 8th century text by the English monk Bede.

—Terri Robertson, Country Living, 4 Apr. 2023

Well, just wait until mind texting becomes commonplace, and a company like Microsoft adds a predictive text algorithm to the mix.

—Annalee Newitz, Popular Mechanics, 4 Apr. 2023

Try to send a text, bang on a pipe or wall or use a whistle instead of shouting.

—Miriam Marini, Detroit Free Press, 4 Apr. 2023

But altering a text carries its own risks.

—Elizabeth A. Harris, New York Times, 3 Apr. 2023

To ensure your privacy and remove (or at least lessen) the possibility of someone sharing your intimate message or nude, don’t text them.

—Leah Campano, Seventeen, 7 Apr. 2023

Students can text their families during lockdowns, whereas in the past parents may not have found out about a threat until after it had been resolved.

—Deanna Pan, BostonGlobe.com, 29 Mar. 2023

His mother did not text back that day and was riding horses with James at the time, according to the opinion.

—Lauren Del Valle, CNN, 23 Mar. 2023

Never share your password or codes: Facebook will never text, email or call you to ask for your log-in information or the two-factor authentication code.

—Heather Kelly, Washington Post, 16 Mar. 2023

Walker and Jabari text me a lot.

—Tom Green | Tgreen@al.com, al, 15 Mar. 2023

Now, teenagers text with their friends and make TikTok videos.

—Hannah Frystaff Writer, Los Angeles Times, 26 Feb. 2023

Fans can text 619-586-6779 to register for tickets and will receive a direct link to purchase at 10 a.m. PT.

—Katie Bain, Billboard, 1 Feb. 2023

Fine, maybe just text it to your mom?

—Lauren Bans, The New Yorker, 18 Jan. 2023

See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘text.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Источник

In literary theory, a text is any object that can be «read», whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative message.^[1] This set of signs is considered in terms of the informative message’s content, rather than in terms of its physical form or the medium in which it is represented.

Various examples of texts in different languages

Within the field of literary criticism, «text» also refers to the original information content of a particular piece of writing; that is, the «text» of a work is that primal symbolic arrangement of letters as originally composed, apart from later alterations, deterioration, commentary, translations, paratext, etc. Therefore, when literary criticism is concerned with the determination of a «text», it is concerned with the distinguishing of the original information content from whatever has been added to or subtracted from that content as it appears in a given textual document (that is, a physical representation of text).

Since the history of writing predates the concept of the «text», most texts were not written with this concept in mind. Most written works fall within a narrow range of the types described by text theory. The concept of «text» becomes relevant if and when a «coherent written message is completed and needs to be referred to independently of the circumstances in which it was created.»^{[citation needed]}

EtymologyEdit

The word text has its origins in Quintilian’s Institutio Oratoria, with the statement that «after you have chosen your words, they must be weaved together into a fine and delicate fabric», with the Latin for fabric being textum.

Uses of the term for analysis of work practiceEdit

Relying on literary theory, the notion of text has been used to analyse contemporary work practices. For example, Christensen (2016)^[2] rely on the concept of text for the analysis of work practice at a hospital.

ReferencesEdit

^ Yuri Lotman — The Structure of the Artistic Text
^ Christensen, L.R. (2016). On Intertext in Chemotherapy: an Ethnography of Text in Medical Practice. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW): The Journal of Collaborative Computing and Work Practices. Volume 25, Issue 1, pp 1-38

Written word[edit]

Computing and telecommunications[edit]

Arts and media[edit]

See also[edit]

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Hyponyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

Translations[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

[edit]

References[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Text Definition

Types of Text

Descriptive Text

Narrative Text

Expository Text

EtymologyEdit

Uses of the term for analysis of work practiceEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit