History of the word patient

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.

Etymology[edit]

The word patient originally meant ‘one who suffers’. This English noun comes from the Latin word patiens, the present participle of the deponent verb, patior, meaning ‘I am suffering,’ and akin to the Greek verb πάσχειν (paskhein, to suffer) and its cognate noun πάθος (pathos).

This language has been construed as meaning that the role of patients is to passively accept and tolerate the suffering and treatments prescribed by the healthcare providers, without engaging in shared decision-making about their care.^[1]

Outpatients and inpatients[edit]

An outpatient (or out-patient) is a patient who attends an outpatient clinic with no plan to stay beyond the duration of the visit. Even if the patient will not be formally admitted with a note as an outpatient, their attendance is still registered, and the provider will usually give a note explaining the reason for the visit, tests, or procedure/surgery, which should include the names and titles of the participating personnel, the patient’s name and date of birth, signature of informed consent, estimated pre-and post-service time for history and exam (before and after), any anesthesia, medications or future treatment plans needed, and estimated time of discharge absent any (further) complications. Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care. Sometimes surgery is performed without the need for a formal hospital admission or an overnight stay, and this is called outpatient surgery or day surgery, which has many benefits including lowered healthcare cost, reducing the amount of medication prescribed, and using the physician’s or surgeon’s time more efficiently. Outpatient surgery is suited best for more healthy patients undergoing minor or intermediate procedures (limited urinary-tract, eye, or ear, nose, and throat procedures and procedures involving superficial skin and the extremities). More procedures are being performed in a surgeon’s office, termed office-based surgery, rather than in a hospital-based operating room.

An inpatient (or in-patient), on the other hand, is «admitted» to stay in a hospital overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually, several days or weeks, though in some extreme cases, such as with coma or persistent vegetative state, patients can stay in hospitals for years, sometimes until death. Treatment provided in this fashion is called inpatient care. The admission to the hospital involves the production of an admission note. The leaving of the hospital is officially termed discharge, and involves a corresponding discharge note, and sometimes an assessment process to consider ongoing needs. In the English National Health Service this may take the form of «Discharge to Assess» — where the assessment takes place after the patient has gone home.^[2]

Misdiagnosis is the leading cause of medical error in outpatient facilities. When the U.S. Institute of Medicine’s groundbreaking 1999 report, To Err Is Human, found up to 98,000 hospital patients die from preventable medical errors in the U.S. each year,^[3] early efforts focused on inpatient safety.^[4] While patient safety efforts have focused on inpatient hospital settings for more than a decade, medical errors are even more likely to happen in a doctor’s office or outpatient clinic or center^[5].^{[citation needed]}

Day patient[edit]

A day patient or (day-patient) is a patient who is using the full range of services of a hospital or clinic but is not expected to stay the night. The term was originally used by psychiatric hospital services using of this patient type to care for people needing support to make the transition from in-patient to out-patient care. However, the term is now also heavily used for people attending hospitals for day surgery.

Alternative terminology[edit]

Because of concerns such as dignity, human rights and political correctness, the term «patient» is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include health consumer, healthcare consumer, customer or client. However, such terminology may be offensive to those receiving public health care, as it implies a business relationship.

In veterinary medicine, the client is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, insurance companies, patient groups, or health care facilities. Individuals who use or have used psychiatric services may alternatively refer to themselves as consumers, users, or survivors.

In nursing homes and assisted living facilities, the term resident is generally used in lieu of patient.^[6] Similarly, those receiving home health care are called clients.

Patient-centered healthcare[edit]

The doctor–patient relationship has sometimes been characterized as silencing the voice of patients.^[7] It is now widely agreed that putting patients at the centre of healthcare^[8] by trying to provide a consistent, informative and respectful service to patients will improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction.^[9]

When patients are not at the centre of healthcare, when institutional procedures and targets eclipse local concerns, then patient neglect is possible.^[10] Incidents, such as the Stafford Hospital scandal, Winterbourne View hospital abuse scandal and the Veterans Health Administration controversy of 2014 have shown the dangers of prioritizing cost control over the patient experience.^[11] Investigations into these and other scandals have recommended that healthcare systems put patient experience at the center, and especially that patients themselves are heard loud and clear within health services.^[12]

There are many reasons for why health services should listen more to patients. Patients spend more time in healthcare services than regulators or quality controllers, and can recognize problems such as service delays, poor hygiene, and poor conduct.^[13] Patients are particularly good at identifying soft problems, such as attitudes, communication, and ‘caring neglect’,^[10] that are difficult to capture with institutional monitoring.^[14]

One important way in which patients can be placed at the centre of healthcare is for health services to be more open about patient complaints.^[15] Each year many hundreds of thousands of patients complain about the care they have received, and these complaints contain valuable information for any health services which want to learn about and improve patient experience.^[16]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Jadad AR, Rizo CA, Enkin MW (June 2003). «I am a good patient, believe it or not». BMJ. 326 (7402): 1293–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7402.1293. PMC 1126181. PMID 12805157.
  a peer-reviewed article published in the British Medical Journal’s (BMJ) first issue dedicated to patients in its 160-year history
• Sokol DK (21 February 2004). «How (not) to be a good patient». BMJ. 328 (7437): 471. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7437.471. PMC 344286.
  review article with views on the meaning of the words «good doctor» vs. «good patient»
• «Time Magazine’s Dr. Scott Haig Proves that Patients Need to Be Googlers!» – Mary Shomons response to the Time Magazine article «When the Patient is a Googler»

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun[edit]

Patient (plural Patients)

1. A surname.

Statistics[edit]

• According to the 2010 United States Census, Patient is the 39419^th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 558 individuals. Patient is most common among White (79.57%) individuals.

Further reading[edit]

• Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Patient”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 3, New York City: Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /paˈt͡si̯ɛnt/

Noun[edit]

Patient m (weak, genitive Patienten, plural Patienten, feminine Patientin)

1. (medicine) patient (male or of unspecified sex or female)
   • 1976, Margit von Kerekjarto (editor), Medizinische Psychologie, 2nd edition, p. 255:

     Der weibliche Patient, der z. B. vom Arzt bewundert werden will, rivalisiert z. B. gleichzeitig mit der Stationsschwester um die Zuwendung des Arztes.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

   • 1985, W. Langosch (editor), Psychische Bewältigung der chronischen Herzerkrankung, p. 50:

     Hätte man nach allgemeinen Verständnis erwartet, daß eher der männliche Patient in der Gefahr ist, sich durch hyperaktives, gereiztes Verhalten zu exponieren und im Gegensatz dazu der weibliche Patient auf Streßsituationen eher mit Rückzug und Depression reagiert, so legen die vorliegenden Daten das genaue Gegenteil nahe.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

• Kranker

Further reading[edit]

• “Patient” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “Patient” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “Patient” in Duden online
• Patient on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^de

A patient is any recipient of health care services. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a advanced practice registered nurse, physiotherapist, physician, physician assistant, psychologist, podiatrist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.

Etymology

The word patient originally meant ‘one who suffers’. This English noun comes from the Latin word patiens, the present participle of the deponent verb, patior, meaning ‘I am suffering,’ and akin to the Greek verb πάσχειν (= paskhein, to suffer) and its cognate noun πάθος (= pathos).

Outpatients and inpatients

An outpatient (or out-patient) is a patient who is hospitalized for less than 24 hours. Even if the patient will not be formally admitted with a note as an outpatient, they are still registered, and the provider will usually give a note explaining the reason for the service, procedure, scan, or surgery, which should include the names and titles and IDs of the participating personnel, the patient’s name and date of birth and ID and signature of informed consent, estimated pre- and post-service time for a history and exam (before and after), any anesthesia or medications needed, and estimated time of discharge absent any (further) complications. Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care. Sometimes surgery is performed without the need for a formal hospital admission or an overnight stay. This is called outpatient surgery. Outpatient surgery has many benefits, including reducing the amount of medication prescribed and using the physician’s or surgeon’s time more efficiently. More procedures are now being performed in a surgeon’s office, termed office-based surgery, rather than in a hospital-based operating room. Outpatient surgery is suited best for healthy patients undergoing minor or intermediate procedures (limited urologic, ophthalmologic, or ear, nose, and throat procedures and procedures involving the extremities).

An inpatient (or in-patient), on the other hand, is «admitted» to the hospital and stays overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually several days or weeks, though in some extreme cases, such as with coma or persistent vegetative state patients, stay in hospitals for years, sometimes until death. Treatment provided in this fashion is called inpatient care. The admission to the hospital involves the production of an admission note. The leaving of the hospital is officially termed discharge, and involves a corresponding discharge note.

Misdiagnosis is the leading cause of medical error in outpatient facilities. Ever since the National Institute of Medicine’s groundbreaking 1999 report, “To Err is Human”, found up to 98,000 hospital patients die from preventable medical errors in the U.S. each year, government and private sector efforts have focused on inpatient safety.^[1] While patient safety efforts have focused on inpatient hospital settings for more than a decade, medical errors are even more likely to happen in a doctor’s office or outpatient clinic or center.

Day patient

A day patient or (day-patient) is a patient who is using the full range of services of a hospital or clinic but is not expected to stay the night. The term was originally used by psychiatric hospital services using of this patient type to care for people needing support to make the transition from in-patient to out-patient care. However, the term is now also heavily used for people attending hospitals for day surgery.

Alternative terminology

Because of concerns such as dignity, human rights and political correctness, the term «patient» is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include health consumer, health care consumer or client. However, such terminology may be offensive to those receiving public health care as it implies a business relationship. (In at least some countries, it is illegal to practice business within any public hospital.)

In veterinary medicine, the client is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, insurance companies, patient groups, or health care facilities. Individuals who use or have used psychiatric services may alternatively refer to themselves as consumers, users, or survivors.

In nursing homes and assisted living facilities, the term resident is generally used in lieu of patient,^[2] but it is common for staff members at such a facility to use the term patient in reference to residents. Similarly, those receiving home health care are called clients.

Patient-centred healthcare

The doctor-patient relationship has sometimes been characterized as silencing the voice of patients.^[3] It is now widely agreed that putting patients at the centre of healthcare,^[4] by trying to provide a consistent, informative and respectful service to patients, will improve both outcomes and patient satisfaction.^{[citation needed]}

When patients are not at the centre of healthcare, when institutional procedures and targets eclipse local concerns, then patient neglect is possible.^[5] Scandals in the UK, such as the Stafford Hospital scandal and the Winterbourne View hospital abuse scandal, have shown the dangers of silencing the voice of patients. Investigations into these, and similar scandals, have recommended that the health service put patient experience at the heart of what it does, and especially, that the voice of patients is heard loud and clear within the health services.^[6]

There are many reasons for why health services should listen more to patients. Patients spend more time in healthcare services than any regulators or quality controllers. Patients can recognize problems such as service delays, poor hygiene, and poor conduct.^[7] Patients are particularly good at identifying soft problems, such as attitudes, communication, and ‘caring neglect’,^[5] that are difficult to capture with institutional monitoring.^[8]

One important way in which patients can be put at the centre of healthcare is for health services to be more open about patient complaints.^{[citation needed]} Each year many hundreds of thousands of patients complain about the care they have received, and these complaints contain valuable information for any health services which want to learn and improve patient experience^[9]

[[24/04/2016 ]] [[30/04/2016 ]] rej-s [[^[10]13/04/2016 ]]

See also

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References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patients.

• Jadad AR, Rizo CA, Enkin MW (June 2003). «I am a good patient, believe it or not». BMJ. 326 (7402): 1293–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7402.1293. PMC 1126181. PMID 12805157.<templatestyles src=»Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css»></templatestyles>
  a peer-reviewed article published in the British Medical Journal’s (BMJ) first issue dedicated to patients in its 160-year history
• Sokol DK (21 February 2004). «How (not) to be a good patient». BMJ. 328 (7437): 471. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7437.471.<templatestyles src=»Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css»></templatestyles>
  review article with views on the meaning of the words «good doctor» vs. «good patient»
• «Time Magazine’s Dr. Scott Haig Proves that Patients Need to Be Googlers!» – Mary Shomons response to the Time Magazine article «When the Patient is a Googler»

A patient is any recipient of healthcare services. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, advanced practice registered nurse, veterinarian, or other health care provider.

The word patient originally meant ‘one who suffers’. This English noun comes from the Latin word patiens, the present participle of the deponent verb, patior, meaning ‘I am suffering,’ and akin to the Greek verb πάσχειν (= paskhein, to suffer) and its cognate noun πάθος (= pathos).

Outpatients and inpatients

An outpatient (or out-patient) is a patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment. Treatment provided in this fashion is called ambulatory care. Outpatient surgery eliminates inpatient hospital admission, reduces the amount of medication prescribed, and uses the physician’s time more efficiently. More procedures are now being performed in a surgeon’s office, termed office-based surgery, rather than in a hospital-based operating room. Outpatient surgery is suited best for healthy patients undergoing minor or intermediate procedures (limited urologic, ophthalmologic, or ear, nose, and throat procedures and procedures involving the extremities).

An inpatient (or in-patient), on the other hand, is «admitted» to the hospital and stays overnight or for an indeterminate time, usually several days or weeks (though some cases, like coma patients, have been in hospitals for years). Treatment provided in this fashion is called inpatient care. The admission to the hospital involves the production of an admission note. The leaving of the hospital is officially termed discharge, and involves a corresponding discharge note.

Misdiagnosis is the leading cause of medical error in outpatient facilities. Ever since the National Institute of Medicine’s groundbreaking 1999 report, “To Err is Human,” found up to 98,000 hospital patients die from preventable medical errors in the U.S. each year, government and private sector efforts have focused on inpatient safety.^[1] While patient safety efforts have focused on inpatient hospital settings for more than a decade, medical errors are even more likely to happen in a doctor’s office or outpatient clinic or center.

Alternative terminology

Due to concerns such as dignity, human rights and political correctness, the term «patient» is not always used to refer to a person receiving health care. Other terms that are sometimes used include health consumer, health care consumer or client; however, such terminology may be offensive to those receiving public health care as it implies a non-existent business relationship (in at least some countries, it is illegal to practice business within any public hospital). In veterinary medicine, the client is the owner or guardian of the patient. These may be used by governmental agencies, insurance companies, patient groups, or health care facilities. Individuals who use or have used psychiatric services may alternatively refer to themselves as consumers, users, or survivors.

In nursing homes and assisted living facilities, the term resident is generally used in lieu of patient,^[2] but it is not uncommon for staff members at such a facility to use the term patient in reference to residents. Similarly, those receiving home health care are called clients.

Patient satisfaction

Patients’ satisfaction with an encounter with health care service is mainly dependent on the duration and efficiency of care, and how empathetic and communicable the health care providers are.^[3] It is favored by a good doctor-patient relationship. Also, patients that are well informed of the necessary procedures in a clinical encounter, and the time it is expected to take, are generally more satisfied even if there is a longer waiting time.^[3]

See also

References

External links

• Jadad AR, Rizo CA, Enkin MW (June 2003). «I am a good patient, believe it or not». BMJ 326 (7402): 1293–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7402.1293. PMC 1126181. PMID 12805157. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1126181.
  a peer-reviewed article published in the British Medical Journal’s (BMJ) first issue dedicated to patients in its 160 year history
• Sokol DK (21 February 2004). «How (not) to be a good patient»]. BMJ 328 (7437): 471. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7437.471. http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/328/7437/471.
  review article with views on the meaning of the words «good doctor» vs. «good patient»
• Mary Shomons respone to the Time Magazine article «When the Patient is a Googler»